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Machuca C, Angulo M, Monreal-Escalante E, Méndez-Martínez Y, Magallón-Servín P, Vázquez-Juárez R, Silva-Jara JM, Angulo C. Effect of diets containing probiotic yeast Cystobasidium benthicum and fruit Cyrtocarpa edulis on growth and immune parameters of Nile tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus). Microb Pathog 2024; 194:106817. [PMID: 39033935 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates Cystobasidium benthicum (Cb) probiotic yeast and Cyrtocarpa edulis (Ce) fruit dietary effects, single (0.5 %) or combined (Cb:Ce, 0.25:0.25 %), on growth performance, humoral immunity in serum and skin mucus, and intestinal morphology of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after 14 and 28 days. The Cb group presented the highest (P < 0.05) specific growth rate, weight gain, and absolute growth rate with respect to the control group. Immunological assays indicated that Cb, Ce and Cb:Ce groups increased serum nitric oxide concentration compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Cb and Cb:Ce groups showed the highest serum myeloperoxidase enzyme activity at day 14 and 28, respectively (P < 0.05); whereas, Cb:Ce group had the highest (P < 0.05) myeloperoxidase activity in skin mucus. The superoxide dismutase enzyme activity was unaffected. On day 28, Cb, Ce, and Cb:Ce groups showed higher and lower (P < 0.05) catalase enzyme activity in serum and skin mucus, respectively, compared with the control group. Only the Cb group had higher (P < 0.05) total protein concentration in serum (day 14) and skin mucus (day 14 and 28) with respect to the control group. The lysozyme activity in serum (day 28) and skin mucus (day 14) was higher (P < 0.05) in the Cb group compared to the control group. Only the skin mucus of Ce group showed bactericidal activity against Aeromonas dhakensis (P < 0.05). Histological studies indicated that Cb and Cb:Ce groups increased microvilli height, and Cb, Ce and Cb:Ce augmented goblet cell area at day 14 compared to the control group (P < 0.05). At day 28, microvilli height was higher in all groups and the number of intraepithelial leukocytes increased in Cb and Ce groups with respect to the control group (P < 0.05). The ex vivo assay revealed that A. dhakensis in leukocytes decreased cell viability similar to the control group (P < 0.05). A principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed the results. In conclusion, C. benthicum in the diet was the best supplement to improve the growth and immunity of Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Machuca
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, 23096, Mexico
| | - Miriam Angulo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, 23096, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Monreal-Escalante
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, 23096, Mexico; CONAHCYT-Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, 23096, Mexico
| | - Yuniel Méndez-Martínez
- Experimental Laboratory Aquaculture, Facultad de Ciencias Pecuarias y Biológicas, Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo (UTEQ), Av. Quito Km. 11/2 vía Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Quevedo, 120301, Ecuador
| | - Paola Magallón-Servín
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, 23096, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Vázquez-Juárez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, 23096, Mexico
| | - Jorge Manuel Silva-Jara
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Guadalajara, 44430, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Carlos Angulo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, 23096, Mexico.
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Shehata AI, Soliman AA, Ahmed HA, Gewaily MS, Amer AA, Shukry M, Abdel-Latif HMR. Evaluation of different probiotics on growth, body composition, antioxidant capacity, and histoarchitecture of Mugil capito. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7379. [PMID: 38548786 PMCID: PMC10978984 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57489-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated the dietary effects of the single application of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, and their combination on growth, proximate composition of whole fish body, antioxidant defense, and histoarchitecture of hapa-reared Mugil capito. Healthy fish (Fish weighed = 10.30 ± 0.10 g at first) were randomly allocated into 4 equal groups, each with three replicates. These groups were designed as follows: (1) a group fed a basal diet without probiotics (control), (2) a group fed a diet containing S. cerevisiae (4 g/kg diet), (3) a group fed a diet containing L. bulgaricus (2 g/kg diet), and (4) the last group fed a diet containing a combination of both, all for a duration of 60 days. Probiotic-treated groups showed significantly better growth and nutrition utilization than the control group. Significant differences were observed in the crude fat and crude protein contents among the groups, with the combination group exhibiting the highest levels. However, there were no significant variations in ash content across all groups. The highest hepatic antioxidant capacity (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) enzyme activities) was observed in the combination group. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) concentrations were decreased significantly in all probiotic groups, suggesting improved oxidative stress resilience in these groups. The histomorphological analysis of the hepatopancreatic tissues revealed well-arranged parenchyma, increased glycogen storage, and melanomacrophage centers in probiotic-treated groups, particularly the combined probiotics group. Furthermore, the probiotic supplementation improved the histoarchitecture of the intestinal villi compared to the control group. To put it briefly, combined dietary administration of these probiotics improved growth, body composition, antioxidant defenses, and hepatic and intestinal health in hapa-reared M. capito, highlighting their promising role in promoting welfare and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Ismael Shehata
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt.
| | - Ali A Soliman
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hamada A Ahmed
- Department of Nutrition and Veterinary Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud S Gewaily
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Asem A Amer
- Department of Fish Nutrition and Feed Technology, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Agricultural Research Center, Abbassa, Abo-Hammad, Sharqia, 44662, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Hany M R Abdel-Latif
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 22758, Egypt.
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Elsadek MM, Zhu W, Wang S, Wang X, Guo Z, Lin L, Wang G, Wang Q, Chen Y, Zhang D. Beneficial effects of indigenous Bacillus spp. on growth, antioxidants, immunity and disease resistance of Rhynchocypris lagowskii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:109047. [PMID: 37673385 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of Bacillus aryabhattai (LSG3-7) and Bacillus mojavensis (LSG3-8) on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and immune response in Rhynchocypris lagowskii (Dybowski, 1869), at the trial and challenge periods. A 630 healthy fish (10.76 ± 0.05) were randomly divided into six groups: control group (D1) was fed the basal diet, D2 and D3 were supplemented with LSG 3-7 and LSG3-8 (1 × 108 CFU/g) for both of them, whereas D4 was supplemented with a mixture of both bacteria (0.5 × 108 CFU/g each), and D5 was supplemented with LSG3-7 0.75 × 108 CFU/g + LSG3-8 0.25 × 108 CFU/g, and D6 supplemented with LSG3-7 0.25 × 108 CFU/g + LSG3-8 0.75 × 108 CFU/g. After the trial, Aeromonas hydrophila was used in a challenge test for 14 days. Treatments showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in growth performance and antioxidant capacity (CAT, CuZn-SOD, GPX) in the liver and intestine compared to the control. The antioxidant-related genes CAT, CuZn-SOD, GPX, and Nrf2 in the liver and intestine showed upregulation compared with the control group. Serum IgM, LZM, C3, C4, and AKP showed a favorable superiority (p < 0.05) in treatments (D2 - D6) at the trial and challenge test compared to controls. In parallel, immune-related genes (IgM, NF-κB, TLR-1, TLR-2, and MyD88) showed an up-regulated level (p < 0.05) in treatments (D2 - D6) compared to the control. In addition, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, TNF-α) showed a downregulated level in treatments (D2 - D6). After the challenge test, the immune-related genes in the liver and muscle showed an up-regulated level in treatments compared to the controls. The survival rate showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the treatment groups (D2 - D6) compared to the control. Overall, individuals and the bacterial mixture of B. aryabhattai and B. mojavensis could improve the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune capacity, and survival rate of R. lagowskii and prevent side effects of A. hydrophila. However, B. mojavensis showed a slight improvement compared to B. aryabhattai without a significant difference between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Elsadek
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Animal Production Quality and Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Department of Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Wenli Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Animal Production Quality and Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Sibu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Animal Production Quality and Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Animal Production Quality and Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Zhixin Guo
- Tonghua Normal University, College of Life Science, Jilin, Tonghua, 134001, China
| | - Lili Lin
- Fishery Technical Extension Station of Jilin Province, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Guiqin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Animal Production Quality and Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Qiuju Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Animal Production Quality and Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yuke Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Animal Production Quality and Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Dongming Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Animal Production Quality and Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Changchun University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Changchun, 130607, China.
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Pawar NA, Prakash C, Kohli MPS, Jamwal A, Dalvi RS, Devi BN, Singh SK, Gupta S, Lende SR, Sontakke SD, Gupta S, Jadhao SB. Fructooligosaccharide and Bacillus subtilis synbiotic combination promoted disease resistance, but not growth performance, is additive in fish. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11345. [PMID: 37443328 PMCID: PMC10345097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38267-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Species diversification from major to minor carps for their sturdiness and initial higher growth, and also a quest for antibiotic-free aqua farming in the subcontinent, mandates search for and evaluation of alternatives. An experiment was performed to investigate the potential of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) and Bacillus subtilis (BS) (alone or as synbiotics) in promoting growth and immunity against infections in Labeo fimbriatus fingerlings. Six iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic diets containing combinations of two levels of FOS (0% and 0.5%) and three levels of BS (0, 104, 106 CFU/g feed) were fed to fish for 60 days. At the end of the feeding trial, twenty-four fish from each group were injected intra-peritoneally with pathogenic strain of Aeromonas hydrophila O:18 to test the immunoprotective efficacy of the supplements against bacterial infection. BS, but not FOS, significantly improved (P < 0.05) growth and feed utilisation attributes like percentage weight gain (PWG), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). There were interactive effects of FOS and BS on PWG, SGR and FCR; however, the effects were not additive in nature. These beneficial effects of BS, alone or in combination with FOS, were corroborated by increased protease activity, microvilli density and diameter and number of goblet cells. Overall beneficial effects of FOS and BS included improved erythrocyte (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), total protein and globulin levels. Total leucocyte (WBC) count and immunological parameters like respiratory burst activity of leucocytes (NBT reduction), lysozyme activity, albumin: globulin ratio and post-challenge survival were significantly improved by both FOS and BS, and their dietary combination yielded the highest improvement in these parameters. Synergistic effects of FOS and BS as dietary supplements indicate that a combination of 106 CFU/g BS and 0.5% FOS is optimal to improve growth, feed utilisation, immune functions, and disease resistance in L. fimbriatus fingerlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Anil Pawar
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India
- ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Mumbai Centre, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Chandra Prakash
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | | | - Ankur Jamwal
- Centre for Climate Change & Sustainability, Azim Premji University, Bengaluru, 562125, India
| | | | - B Nightingale Devi
- Colleges of Fisheries, Chhattisgarh Kamdhenu University, Raipur, 491995, India
| | - Soibam Khogen Singh
- College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Lembucherra, 799210, India
| | - Shobha Gupta
- Annasaheb Vartak College (University of Mumbai), Mumbai, 401202, India
| | - Smit Ramesh Lende
- Center of Excellence in Aquaculture, Kamdhenu University, Ukai, 394680, India
| | - Sadanand D Sontakke
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440 020, India
| | - Subodh Gupta
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India
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Zhang Y, Qi X, Zhang Z, Jin Z, Wang G, Ling F. Effects of dietary Cetobacterium somerae on the intestinal health, immune parameters and resistance against Nocardia seriolae of largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 135:108693. [PMID: 36940785 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), one of the most important freshwater commercial fish species has been widely cultivated in China. In recent years, the nocardiosis caused by Nocardia seriolae has greatly damaged the M. salmoides industry and there is no effective treatment at present. Currently, Cetobacterium somerae, the predominant bacteria in the gut of many freshwater fishes has been reported to be associated with fish health. However, whether the native C. somerae could protect the host from N. seriolae is unclear. In this study, M. salmoides were fed with three different diets, including control diet (CD), low C. somerae diet (106 CFU/g as LD) and high C. somerae diet (108 CFU/g as HD). After 8-week feeding, growth performance, gut health index, serum enzyme activities and the expression of inflammation-related genes were tested. Results showed that the LD and HD diets had no adverse effects on the growth performance. Moreover, dietary HD enhanced gut barrier and reduced intestinal ROS and ORP, as well as increased serum enzyme activities including ACP, AKP, SOD and LZM compared to the CD group. In addition, the HD diet significantly up-regulated the expression of TNF-α, IL8, IL-1β and IL15, while down-regulating the expression of TGF-β1 and IL10 in kidney. Moreover, the expression of antibacterial genes was significantly increased in HD group after being challenged by N. seriolae. And the fish fed HD diet exhibited higher survival rate (57.5%) than that in CD (37.5%) and LD groups (42.5%). To summarize, our study demonstrates that dietary HD can enhance gut health, improve immune response and strengthen pathogen resistance, suggesting that C. somerae is a potential probiotic for defending against N. seriolae infection in M. salmoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaozhou Qi
- Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhongyu Zhang
- Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhanlin Jin
- Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Gaoxue Wang
- Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, China.
| | - Fei Ling
- Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, China.
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Harikrishnan R, Devi G, Balamurugan P, Abdel-Warith AWA, Younis EM, Doan HV, Balasundaram C, Davies SJ, El-Haroun E. Immunostimulatory effect of mannan-oligosaccharides supplementation diet in milkfish (Chanos chanos). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 133:108568. [PMID: 36717065 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The current study was designed to examine the impacts of dietary mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) on growth, hemato-biochemical changes, digestive-antioxidant enzyme activity, immune response, and disease resistance of milkfish (Chanos chanos) fed diets contained MOS i.e. 1g, 2g, and 3g MOS. The growth parameters were significantly influence in milkfish fed all MOS diets, whereas the feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were significantly influence with 2g or 3g MOS diets. The total protein (TP), globulin (GB), and glucose (GLU) levels, amylase, protease, liver enzymes were found significantly high in fish fed 2g or 3g MOS diets; but, lipase, trypsin, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzymes were increased significantly at 3g MOS diet. All MOS inclusion levels were significantly increased total and Lactobacillus intestinal microflora population. The oxidative enzymes activity as superoxide desmutase (SOD) and catalyze (CAT) were progressively increased with all MOS supplementation diet, but the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) content were found significantly high in fish fed 2g or 3g MOS diets. Similarly, the reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione reductase (GR) contents were observed significantly high level in fish fed 3g MOS diet. The phagocytic (PC) and lysozyme (LYZ) activities were found gradually increase in fish fed increasing level of MOS diets, while the respiratory burst (RB) and malondialdehyde (MDA) activities were seen significant in fish fed 2g and 3g MOS diets. The current research work confirmed that C. chanos fed diets contained 3g kg-1 MOS recorded better growth performance, digestive-antioxidant, immune response, and disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Kanchipuram, 631 501, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Gunapathy Devi
- Department of Zoology, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, 621 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Paramaraj Balamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Michael College of Engineering and Technology, Kalayarkoil, 630 551, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abdel-Wahab A Abdel-Warith
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saudi University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed M Younis
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saudi University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Chellam Balasundaram
- Department of Herbal and Environmental Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur, 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Simon J Davies
- School of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway Republic of Ireland, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ehab El-Haroun
- Fish Nutrition Research Laboratory, Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Egypt
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Midhun Sebastian Jose, Arun D, Neethu S, Radhakrishnan EK, Jyothis M. Probiotic Paenibacillus polymyxa HGA4C and Bacillus licheniformis HGA8B combination improved growth performance, enzymatic profile, gene expression and disease resistance in Oreochromisniloticus. Microb Pathog 2023; 174:105951. [PMID: 36528324 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial consortium containing two bacterial strains such as Paenibacillus polymyxa HGA4C and Bacillus licheniformis HGA8B incorporated in the diet of Oreochromis niloticus at a concentration of 1 × 106 CFU g-1 (PB1) and 1 × 108 CFU g-1 (PB2) revealed the probiotic potentials of the bacterial combination. The probiotic feed enhanced the growth performance, digestive enzymes, and antioxidant enzymes in the liver and intestine. Probiotic mediated growth enhancement was further substantiated by the up-regulation of genes such as GHR-1, GHR-2, IGF-1, and IGF-2 and the up-regulation of immune-related genes viz. TLR-2, IL-10, and TNF-α were also significantly modulated by probiotics supplementation. The intestinal MUC 2 gene expression revealed the mucosal remodification and the disease resistance of the fish challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila (MTCC-1739) was improved by the probiotic supplementation. Based on these results the new probiotic supplementation feed can be possibly marketed to help aquaculture farmers to alleviate many of the problems associated with fish farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midhun Sebastian Jose
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| | - Damodaran Arun
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, 3737,Wascana Parkway, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Sahadevan Neethu
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, India
| | | | - Mathew Jyothis
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, India.
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Harikrishnan R, Devi G, Van Doan H, Arockiaraj J, Jawahar S, Balasundaram C, Balamurugan P, Soltani M, Jaturasitha S. Influence of bamboo vinegar powder (BVP) enriched diet on antioxidant status, immunity level, and pro-anti-inflammatory cytokines modulation in Asian sea bass, Lates calcarifer (Bloch 1790) against Vibrio anguillarum. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:462-477. [PMID: 34688863 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Effect of bamboo vinegar powder (BVP) on growth, immunity, disease resistance, and immune-related gene expressions in juvenile Asian sea bass (barramundi), Lates calcarifer against Vibrio anguillarum was investigated. V. anguillarum infected fish fed by 2g BVP kg-1 diet exhibited significant growth, albumin (AB), serum total protein (TP), and globulin (GB) levels. Similarly, enhanced lysozyme (LZM), phagocytic (PC), anti-protease (AP), respiratory burst (RB), bactericidal (BC) activities and total immunoglobulin (Ig) levels were observed in fish fed 2g BVP kg-1. In addition, use of 2g BVP kg-1 in diet modulated several immune related gene expressions against Vibrio disease. This study exhibited a positive effect of dietary 2g BVP kg-1 diet on hemato-biochemical and immunological responses, which enhance the immunocompetence and health status of L. calcarifer against V. anguillarum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Affiliated to University of Madras, Kanchipuram, 631 501, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Gunapathy Devi
- Department of Zoology, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, 621 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd., Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sundaram Jawahar
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharath College of Science and Management, Thanjavur, 613-005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chellam Balasundaram
- Department of Herbal and Environmental Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur, 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Paramaraj Balamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Michael College of Engineering and Technology, Kalayarkoil, 630 551, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mehdi Soltani
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, WA, Australia
| | - Sanchai Jaturasitha
- Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd., Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
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Current practices and emerging possibilities for reducing the spread of oomycete pathogens in terrestrial and aquatic production systems in the European Union. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Becking T, Kiselev A, Rossi V, Street-Jones D, Grandjean F, Gaulin E. Pathogenicity of animal and plant parasitic Aphanomyces spp and their economic impact on aquaculture and agriculture. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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11
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Assan D, Kuebutornye FKA, Hlordzi V, Chen H, Mraz J, Mustapha UF, Abarike ED. Effects of probiotics on digestive enzymes of fish (finfish and shellfish); status and prospects: a mini review. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 257:110653. [PMID: 34343669 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Digestive enzymes are found in the digestive tract of animals which assist in the breakdown of larger food molecules into more easily absorbed particles that can then be used by the body. The ability of fish to break down a diet is highly dependent on the availability of suitable digestive enzymes which mediate specific degradation pathways and on both the physical and chemical nature of food. Probiotics are known to produce helpful enzymes that aid in digestion and protect the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of animals. When applied appropriately, probiotics improve intestinal microbial balance which also improves digestive enzyme activities, food absorption, and decrease pathogenic issues in the GIT. They work hand-in-hand with the digestive enzymes in the GIT of animals as supplements thereby improvings nutrition. This in turn leads to higher feed efficiency and growth as well as the prevention of antinutritional factors present in the ingredients, intestinal disorders, and pre-digestion. This review seeks to present summaries of the results of research findings on the application of probiotics on the activities of digestive enzymes including amylase, lipase, and protease. Further, this review points out gaps in available literature and suggests ideas that could be explored in further investigations to better understand and enhance the activities of these digestive enzymes to increase feed and nutrient utilization and the production of aquaculture species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Assan
- Guangdong Research Centre on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Felix Kofi Agbeko Kuebutornye
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, Na Sádkách 1780, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Vivian Hlordzi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed. Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Huapu Chen
- Guangdong Research Centre on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Jan Mraz
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, Na Sádkách 1780, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Umar Farouk Mustapha
- Guangdong Research Centre on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Emmanuel Delwin Abarike
- Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Biosciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana.
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12
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Sabo-Attwood T, Apul OG, Bisesi JH, Kane AS, Saleh NB. Nano-scale applications in aquaculture: Opportunities for improved production and disease control. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:359-370. [PMID: 33559228 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture is the fastest growing food-production sector and is vital to food security, habitat restoration and endangered species conservation. One of the continued challenges to the industry is our ability to manage aquatic disease agents that can rapidly decimate operations and are a constant threat to sustainability. Such threats also evolve as microbes acquire resistance and/or new pathogens emerge. The advent of nanotechnology has transformed our approach to fisheries disease management with advances in water disinfection, food conversion, fish health and management systems. In this review, several nano-enabled technology successes will be discussed as they relate to the challenges associated with disease management in the aquaculture sector, with a particular focus on fishes. Future perspectives on how nanotechnology can offer functional approaches for improving disinfection and innovating at the practical space of early warning systems will be discussed. Finally, the importance of "safety by design" approaches to the development of novel commercial nano-enabled products will be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Sabo-Attwood
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Onur G Apul
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Joseph H Bisesi
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Andrew S Kane
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Navid B Saleh
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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13
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Harikrishnan R, Thamizharasan S, Devi G, Van Doan H, Ajith Kumar TT, Hoseinifar SH, Balasundaram C. Dried lemon peel enriched diet improves antioxidant activity, immune response and modulates immuno-antioxidant genes in Labeo rohita against Aeromonas sorbia. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:675-684. [PMID: 32858188 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of diet enriched with dried lemon (Citrus limon) peel was fed to Labeo rohita at three different levels (0, 1, 2.5, and 5 g kg-1) for a period of 60 days; the impact of the diet on the hematology, antioxidant activity and immunological reaction and gene expression against Aeromonas sorbia is reported. In both un-challenged and challenged groups treated with 2.5 g and 5 g kg-1 dried lemon peel diets, the enhanced significant changes are: the weight gain and specific growth rate, white blood cell and total protein content, the antioxidants: superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione activities, the respiratory burst, alternative complement pathway, complement C3, and total immunoglobulin M levels. Similarly, the heat shock protein-70 and -90, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, interleukin-1β and -8, tumor necrosis factor alpha, inducible nitric oxide synthase, transforming growth factor beta, and immunoglobulin M were up-regulated significantly. Any dried lemon peel enriched diet increased the phagocytic and lysozyme activities significantly in both groups. In the un-challenged group treated with 0 g kg-1 diet or in both groups treated with 2.5 g kg-1 diet the SR was 100%. These results indicate that in both un-challenged and challenged-treated groups the 2.5 and 5 g kg-1 dried lemon peel enriched diets positively modulate growth rate, physiology, and antioxidant status, innate-adaptive immune response as well as antioxidant and immune related gene expression in L. rohita against A. sorbia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Kanchipuram, 631 501, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramanian Thamizharasan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharath College of Science and Management, Thanjavur, 613-005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gunapathy Devi
- Department of Zoology, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, 621 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | | | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Chellam Balasundaram
- Department of Herbal and Environmental Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur, 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India
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14
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Liu X, Shi H, He Q, Lin F, Wang Q, Xiao S, Dai Y, Zhang Y, Yang H, Zhao H. Effect of starvation and refeeding on growth, gut microbiota and non-specific immunity in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×E. lanceolatus♂). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 97:182-193. [PMID: 31790749 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental changes can lead to food deprivation among aquatic animals. The main objective of this present research was to assess the effect of starvation and refeeding on growth, gut microbiota and non-specific immunity in a hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×E. lanceolatus♂). A total of 120 fish with an average weight of 74.16 ± 12.08 g were randomly divided into two groups (control group and fasted-refed group). The control group was fed until satiation for 60 days, while the fasted-refed group was fasted for 30 days and then fed to satiation for 30 days. The results showed that starvation led to a significantly decreased growth performance parameters [weight gain rate (WGR) and specific weight gain rate (SGR), while the feeding rate (FR) ] increased during the refeeding, non-specific immunity was significantly improved (p < 0.05) during the first 15 days of starvation, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), lysozyme (LYM) and catalase (CAT). However, non-specific immunity decreased at 30 days of starvation, the expression of genes related to immunity, such as TNF-α, was upregulated (p < 0.05) during starvation, while the expression levels of IL-17 and IFN-γ was reduced (p < 0.05). The expression of IFN-γ and IL-1β peaked during refeeding. Starvation led to significantly decreased abundance and diversity of intestinal microflora, with a higher abundance of Vibrio and a lower abundance of Brevibacillus, Bifidobacterium, Alloprevotella in the fasted-refed group during refeeding than in the control group. The above results reveal that starvation stimulates changes in growth, non-specific immunity, and the gut microbiota, providing new insights for the study of fish habitat selection and adaptability to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Liu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Herong Shi
- Guangdong Marine Fishery Experiment Center, Huizhou, 516081, China
| | - Qi He
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Fangmei Lin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Qing Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shiqiang Xiao
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yuantang Dai
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yanfa Zhang
- Huizhou Haiyan Aquaculture Technology Co., Ltd., Huizhou, 516081, China
| | - Huirong Yang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Huihong Zhao
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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15
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Amir I, Zuberi A, Kamran M, Imran M, Murtaza MUH. Evaluation of commercial application of dietary encapsulated probiotic (Geotrichum candidum QAUGC01): Effect on growth and immunological indices of rohu (Labeo rohita, Hamilton 1822) in semi-intensive culture system. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 95:464-472. [PMID: 31698070 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Encapsulated probiotic administration can be a nutritional strategy to improve the growth performance and immune status of fish. Here commercial application of encapsulated G. candidum was evaluated as a feed supplement to fingerlings of L. rohita reared in earthen ponds under semi-intensive culture conditions. Fingerlings with an average body weight of 20 ± 2.34 g were distributed randomly in three groups and experiment was conducted in triplicate. The control group (P0) was fed 35% protein basal diet while the two treated groups, P1 and P2 were fed basal diet supplemented with 109 CFU g-1 un-encapsulated (free) and encapsulated G. candidum, respectively, for eleven weeks. Results indicated significantly (P < 0.05) improved growth rate, intestinal enzyme activities (protease, amylase and cellulase) and hemato-immunological indices (RBCs, Hb, HCT, WBCs, MCHC, respiratory bursts and phagocytic activity, total protein, lysozyme, IgM), upregulation of heat shock protein HSP 70 gene in muscle, intestine and liver tissues and reduction of serum AST and ALT activities, total cholesterol and triglyceride in fish fed G. candidum supplemented diets (P1 and P2 groups) as compared to basal diet (P0 group). However, diet supplemented with encapsulated G. candidum showed the most significant (p < 0.001) positive effect in comparison to un-encapsulated probiotic. In conclusion, a pronounced effect of G. candidum especially in the encapsulated form on the growth, health status and immunity of L. rohita reared in semi intensive culture system, suggesting its application as a feed additive in practical/commercial semi-intensive earthen pond culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imrana Amir
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Amina Zuberi
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Mahmood Ul Hassan Murtaza
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
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16
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Theodoro SDS, Putarov TC, Tiemi C, Volpe LM, de Oliveira CAF, Glória MBDA, Carciofi AC. Effects of the solubility of yeast cell wall preparations on their potential prebiotic properties in dogs. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225659. [PMID: 31765439 PMCID: PMC6878821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Derivatives of yeast cell wall (YCW) have been studied for their potential prebiotic effects. Recently, new purified and soluble preparations have been developed in an attempt to increase their biological actions. Two YCW preparations, one conventional and another with higher solubility of the mannan oligosaccharide fraction, were evaluated on dogs. One food formulation was used, divided into the following treatments: CON-control, without yeast cell wall addition; YCW-addition of 0.3% of a conventional yeas cell wall extract; YCWs-addition of 0.3% of a yeast cell wall extract with high mannan oligosaccharide solubility. Twenty-four beagle dogs were used, eight per food, distributed on a block design. Blocks lasted 32 days, and TNF-a, IL-6, IL-10, ex vivo production of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide by peripheral neutrophils and monocytes, phagocytic index, and fecal IgA were evaluated at the beginning and end of each period. Additionally, nutrient digestibility, feces production and quality, and fermentation products were quantified. The results were evaluated by analysis of variance and compared using the Tukey test (P<0.05), using the basal immunological parameters as a covariate. The inclusion of YCWs reduced fat digestibility (P<0.05), increased the concentration of butyrate and putrescine, and reduced lactate in feces (P<0.05), showing that mannan oligosaccharide solubilization resulted in higher fermentation of this compound and altered the metabolism of the gut microbiota. Lower IL-6 on serum was verified for dogs fed the YCWs diet (P<0.05), suggesting a reduction in the inflammatory activity of dogs. Higher phagocytic index was verified for peripheral monocytes after the intake of the YCW food, suggesting better innate immunity. In conclusion, the solubilization of the mannooligosaccharide fraction alters its interaction with gut microbiota and biological actions in animals, although both yeast cell wall preparations exhibited prebiotic effects on dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie de Souza Theodoro
- Veterinary Medicine and Surgery Department, College of Agrarian and
Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University–UNESP, Jaboticabal, São
Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaila Cristina Putarov
- Veterinary Medicine and Surgery Department, College of Agrarian and
Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University–UNESP, Jaboticabal, São
Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Tiemi
- Veterinary Medicine and Surgery Department, College of Agrarian and
Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University–UNESP, Jaboticabal, São
Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lara Mantovani Volpe
- Veterinary Medicine and Surgery Department, College of Agrarian and
Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University–UNESP, Jaboticabal, São
Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Aulus Cavalieri Carciofi
- Veterinary Medicine and Surgery Department, College of Agrarian and
Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University–UNESP, Jaboticabal, São
Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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17
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Guluarte C, Reyes-Becerril M, Gonzalez-Silvera D, Cuesta A, Angulo C, Esteban MÁ. Probiotic properties and fatty acid composition of the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis M3. In vivo immunomodulatory activities in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:389-397. [PMID: 31520749 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the probiotic potential, fatty acid composition and immunostimulant activities of Kluyveromyces lactis M3 isolated from a hypersaline sediment. For this purpose, K. lactis M3 resistance to different pH, salinities and bile, as well as its antioxidant capability were assayed. Furthermore, total fatty acid composition of the yeast was determined where the dominant fatty acids were palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic and linoleic acids. K. lactis M3 showed no cytotoxic effects on peripheral blood leukocytes. During an in vivo experiment in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), dietary K. lactis M3 supplemented at 0.55 or 1.1% of the basal diet enhanced bactericidal activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus N16, V. harveyi Lg 16/00, and V. anguillarum CECT 43442 compared to fish fed commercial diet (control group). Finally, nitric oxide production, peroxidase activity and skin mucus lectin union levels strongly increased in fish fed K. lactis M3 with respect to the control group. The results suggested that the yeast K. lactis M3 had exhibited high antioxidant capability, and its dietary administration at 0.55 or 1% basal diet had immunostimulant activity for gilthead seabream. For all these reasons, it should be considered an appropriate probiotic candidate for the aquaculture fish industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Guluarte
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S, 23096, Mexico
| | - Martha Reyes-Becerril
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S, 23096, Mexico
| | - Daniel Gonzalez-Silvera
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carlos Angulo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S, 23096, Mexico
| | - María Ángeles Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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18
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Devi G, Harikrishnan R, Paray BA, Al-Sadoon MK, Hoseinifar SH, Balasundaram C. Effect of symbiotic supplemented diet on innate-adaptive immune response, cytokine gene regulation and antioxidant property in Labeo rohita against Aeromonas hydrophila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 89:687-700. [PMID: 31002929 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Administration of probiotic, prebiotic or symbiotic supplemented diets boosts the antioxidant property, pro and/or anti-inflammatory cytokine gene transcription, innate-adaptive immunity, growth rate and feed digestibility with very low or no mortality in healthy and infected (both groups) in Labeo rohita against Aeromonas hydrophila is reported. The probiotic diet increased the white blood cell (WBC) count and globulin (GB) level significantly on or after 6th week whereas with the symbiotic diet the increase was noted two weeks earlier in both groups; the total protein (TP) level also increased significantly when fed with probiotic diet on weeks 6 and 8, whereas with symbiotic diet the significant increase manifested earlier at 4th week itself. The serum phagocytic activity (PA), respiratory burst activity (RBA), complement C3 (CC3) level, alternative complement pathway (ACP), lysozyme activity (LA), and immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels in head kidney (HK) leucocytes increased significantly (P < 0.05) in both groups fed with probiotic diet on weeks 6 and 8; with symbiotic diet from weeks 2-8; but with prebiotic diet only on 8th week. With probiotic diet the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities increased significantly (P < 0.05) on weeks 6 and 8; with symbiotic diet from weeks 4-8 but the prebiotics diet only on 8th week. However, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity increased significantly (P < 0.05) with probiotic diet on weeks 6 and 8 and with symbiotic diet from weeks 4-8. When healthy fish fed with any supplementation diet for a period of 30 days there was no mortality while 5%, 10%, and 10% mortality was observed in infected group fed with symbiotic, probiotic, and prebiotic supplementation diets. In head kidney (HK) leucocytes, the IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, and NF-κB gene transcriptions were significantly up-regulation in both groups when fed with probiotic diet on weeks 6 and 8, symbiotic diet from weeks 4-8 while the prebiotic diet only on 8th week. The iNOS expression was up-regulation significantly in both groups fed with probiotic and symbiotic diets on weeks 6 and 8; however, with any diet, the relative IL-10 and TGF-β gene expressions were down-regulated. The present study suggested that dietary administration of symbiotic diet elicited earlier antioxidant activity, innate-adaptive immune response, immune related cytokine gene modulation, and disease protection earlier i.e. on 4th week than with probiotic or prebiotic diets in L. rohita against A. hydrophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunapathy Devi
- Department of Zoology, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, 621 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Kanchipuram, 631 501, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bilal Ahmad Paray
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad K Al-Sadoon
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Chellam Balasundaram
- Department of Herbal and Environmental Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur, 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India
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