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Chardon M, Barbieri FA, Petit P, Vuillerme N. Reliability of Obstacle-Crossing Parameters during Overground Walking in Young Adults. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3387. [PMID: 38894176 PMCID: PMC11174552 DOI: 10.3390/s24113387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the intra-session relative and absolute reliability of obstacle-crossing parameters during overground walking in young adults, and to determine the number of trials required to ensure reliable assessment. We analysed data from 43 young male adults who were instructed to walk at a self-selected velocity on a pathway and to step over an obstacle (height = 15 cm; width = 80 cm, thickness = 2 cm) three times. Spatial-temporal gait parameters of the approaching and crossing phases (i.e., before and after the obstacle) and obstacle clearance parameters (i.e., vertical and horizontal distance between the foot and the obstacle during crossing) were computed using a three-dimensional motion analysis system. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to compute the relative reliability, while standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change were used to assess the absolute reliability for all possible combinations between trials. Results showed that most spatial-temporal gait parameters and obstacle clearance parameters are reliable using the average of three trials. However, the mean of the second and third trials ensures the best relative and absolute reliabilities of most obstacle-crossing parameters. Further works are needed to generalize these results in more realistic conditions and in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Chardon
- AGEIS (Autonomie, Gérontologie, E-Santé, Imagerie et Société), Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France; (M.C.); (P.P.)
- Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio Augusto Barbieri
- Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil
| | - Pascal Petit
- AGEIS (Autonomie, Gérontologie, E-Santé, Imagerie et Société), Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France; (M.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Nicolas Vuillerme
- AGEIS (Autonomie, Gérontologie, E-Santé, Imagerie et Société), Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France; (M.C.); (P.P.)
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
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Zhou L, Schneider J, Arnrich B, Konigorski S. Analyzing population-level trials as N-of-1 trials: An application to gait. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2024; 38:101282. [PMID: 38533473 PMCID: PMC10964044 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2024.101282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Studying individual causal effects of health interventions is important whenever intervention effects are heterogeneous between study participants. Conducting N-of-1 trials, which are single-person randomized controlled trials, is the gold standard for their analysis. As an alternative method, we propose to re-analyze existing population-level studies as N-of-1 trials, and use gait as a use case for illustration. Gait data were collected from 16 young and healthy participants under fatigued and non-fatigued, as well as under single-task (only walking) and dual-task (walking while performing a cognitive task) conditions. As a reference to the N-of-1 trials approach, we first computed standard population-level ANOVA models to evaluate differences in gait parameters (stride length and stride time) across conditions. Then, we estimated the effect of the interventions on gait parameters on the individual level through Bayesian repeated-measures models, viewing each participant as their own trial, and compared the results. The results illustrated that while few overall population-level effects were visible, individual-level analyses revealed differences between participants. Baseline values of the gait parameters varied largely among all participants, and the effects of fatigue and cognitive task were also heterogeneous, with some individuals showing effects in opposite directions. These differences between population-level and individual-level analyses were more pronounced for the fatigue intervention compared to the cognitive task intervention. Following our empirical analysis, we discuss re-analyzing population studies through the lens of N-of-1 trials more generally and highlight important considerations and requirements. Our work encourages future studies to investigate individual effects using population-level data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- Digital Health - Connected Healthcare, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Juliana Schneider
- Digital Health & Machine Learning, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bert Arnrich
- Digital Health - Connected Healthcare, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stefan Konigorski
- Digital Health & Machine Learning, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
- Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
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Santinelli FB, Prieto Silveira-Ciola A, Moreno VC, Kuroda MH, Barbieri FA. The acute effects of a stretching and conditioning exercise protocol for the lower limbs on gait performance- a proof of concept and single-blind study. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1285247. [PMID: 38390231 PMCID: PMC10881821 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1285247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Due to improvement in movement performance, post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) may open new possibilities to improve gait performance. However, no study has attempted to translate this phenomenon into walking. Therefore, the study aimed to test whether acute stretching followed by a conditioning exercise can improve subsequent gait performance in healthy adults. Research question Can an exercise protocol subsequently improve gait performance? Methods Sixteen individuals walked four 10-m trials (in each period) before and after 7 min of an exercise protocol composed of stretching (focusing on the lower limb) and a conditioning exercise (standing calf-raise wearing a vest of 20 kg). Gait spatialtemporal parameters and muscle activity of tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius medialis and lateralis muscles were obtained by a 3D-motion system and wireless electromyography, respectively. Before and after the exercise protocol, kinematic and muscle activity parameters were compared by a one-way ANOVA and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, respectively. Results After the exercise protocol, the participants walked with a faster step velocity (p < 0.018) and with a lower step duration (p < 0.025). Also, higher peak muscle activity (p < 0.008) and low-frequency (p < 0.034) activation of the anterior tibial muscle after the exercise protocol were observed. Significance In conclusion, the protocol improves the stability and the muscles' efficiency during gait, contributing to a new approach to enhancing gait rehabilitation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe B Santinelli
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Aline Prieto Silveira-Ciola
- Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Vinicius C Moreno
- Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Marina H Kuroda
- Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Fabio A Barbieri
- Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru, Brazil
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Piche E, Gerus P, Zory R, Jaafar A, Guerin O, Chorin F. Effects of muscular and mental fatigue on spatiotemporal gait parameters in dual task walking in young, non-frail and frail older adults. Aging Clin Exp Res 2023; 35:2109-2118. [PMID: 37535312 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02506-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dual-task (DT) walking is of great interest in clinical evaluation to evaluate frailty or cognitive declines in older adults. Frail older adults are known to adopt different walking strategy to overcome fatigue. However, no studies evaluated the effect of muscular or mental fatigue on dual-task walking strategy and the difference between frail and non-frail older adults. AIMS Evaluate the effect of mental and muscular fatigue on spatio-temporal parameters in dual-task walking in young, non-frail and frail older adults. METHODS 59 participants divided into 20 young (Y) (24.9 ± 3 years old), 20 non-frail (NF) (75.8 ± 4.9 years old) and 19 frail older adults (F) (81 ± 4.7 years old) performed single-task (ST) walking, single-task cognitive (serial subtraction of 3), and dual-task (subtraction + walking) for 1 min at their fast pace. Gait speed, step length, step length variability, stance and swing phase time, single and double support time, cadence, gait speed variability were recorded in single- and dual-task walking. The dual-task effect (DTE) was calculated as ((DT - ST)/ST) × 100). Generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) were used to compare the effects of mental and muscular fatigue on gait and cognitive variables between the groups. RESULTS The DTE walking parameters were worse in F compared to NF or Y but no significant effect of fatigue were highlighted except for swing time and single support time DTEs. CONCLUSIONS The results were mitigated but a clear difference in dual-task spatio-temporal parameters was found between F and NF which brings hope into the capacity of DT to better reveal frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Piche
- Université Côte d'Azur, LAMHESS, Nice, France.
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Clinique Gériatrique du Cerveau et du Mouvement, Nice, France.
| | | | - Raphaël Zory
- Université Côte d'Azur, LAMHESS, Nice, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Amyn Jaafar
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Clinique Gériatrique du Cerveau et du Mouvement, Nice, France
| | - Olivier Guerin
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Clinique Gériatrique du Cerveau et du Mouvement, Nice, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U108, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging Nice (IRCAN), Faculté de médecine, Nice, France
| | - Frédéric Chorin
- Université Côte d'Azur, LAMHESS, Nice, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Clinique Gériatrique du Cerveau et du Mouvement, Nice, France
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Ghani HA, Alghwiri AA, Hisham H, Manaf H. Lower Limb Muscle Fatigue Alters Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters and Turning Difficulty Characteristics in Parkinson's Disease. Ann Rehabil Med 2023; 47:282-290. [PMID: 37558204 PMCID: PMC10475814 DOI: 10.5535/arm.23067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of lower limb muscle fatigue on spatiotemporal gait parameters and turning difficulty characteristics during the extended Timed Up and Go (extended TUG) test in individuals with different severity stages of Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS Forty individuals with PD, classified as Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) stages 2 and 3 participated in this pre- and post-experimental study design. The participants performed a continuous sit-to-stand task from a chair based on 30 cycles/min set-up to induce lower limb muscle fatigue. They performed extended TUG test immediately before and after completing the fatigue protocol. Spatiotemporal gait parameters and turning difficulty characteristics were recorded using two GoPro® Hero 4 Silver cameras. Data were subjected to a repeated-measure ANOVA. RESULTS Individuals with PD experience significant changes in spatiotemporal gait parameters, specifically stride velocity and length, under conditions of lower limb muscle fatigue (p=0.001). These changes were more pronounced in individuals with PD in the H&Y stage 3 group. Additionally, both PD groups exhibited difficulty with turning, requiring more than five steps to complete a 180° turn and taking more than 3 seconds to accomplish it. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the impact of muscle fatigue on gait performance in PD and suggest that individuals in later stages of the disease may be particularly affected. Further research is needed to explore interventions that can mitigate these gait impairments and improve mobility in individuals with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halimatul Abd Ghani
- Physiotherapy Program, Institut Latihan Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Alia A. Alghwiri
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hafifi Hisham
- Physiotherapy Program, Center for Rehabilitation and Special Needs Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Haidzir Manaf
- Centre for Physiotherapy Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Puncak Alam, Malaysia
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Puncak Alam, Malaysia
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Hinkel-Lipsker JW, Stoehr NM, Lachica IJ, Rogers SM. Gait Adaptations to Physical Fatigue During the Negotiation of Variable and Unexpected Obstacles. HUMAN FACTORS 2022; 64:1317-1330. [PMID: 33851893 DOI: 10.1177/00187208211007588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate how physical fatigue impacts one's ability to negotiate unexpected and randomly located obstacles during locomotion. BACKGROUND Physically demanding occupations place workers at risk of trips and falls-a major health and financial burden. How worker physical fatigue and fitness impacts their ability to navigate through unpredictable environments is not thoroughly explored in current literature. In this exploratory study, we further examine these relationships. METHODS Twenty-one young, physically fit participants completed a series of obstacle negotiation trials in the dark, where an obstacle would suddenly be illuminated as they reached it. Participants then engaged in a fatigue protocol, before repeating a series of the same negotiation trials. RESULTS When fatigued, participants exhibited a significant decrease in leading toe and trailing toe clearance, as well as a significant increase in leading heel clearance. Moreover, participants stepped closer to the obstacle with their both feet on the step prior to negotiation. Participants also walked at a faster velocity. Regression analyses revealed that participants' VO2max and height were significant predictors of foot placement metrics. CONCLUSION Results indicate that physical fatigue negatively impacts crossing mechanics of young, healthy individuals, and that a higher level of VO2 capacity may reduce the occurrences of altered crossing behavior that coincide with physical fatigue. APPLICATION These results highlight the effect of fatigue on worker safety during performance of job-related duties and are of interest to professionals seeking to reduce the incidence of slips, trips, and falls in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isaiah J Lachica
- 14671 California State University, Northridge, USA
- 5116 University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
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7
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Chardon M, Barbieri FA, Penedo T, Santos PCR, Vuillerme N. The effects of experimentally-induced fatigue on gait parameters during obstacle crossing: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 142:104854. [PMID: 36084846 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Striking an obstacle while walking can be dangerous, reflecting the higher risks of losing one's balance, tripping and falling. Particular situations during which internal resources are limited, such as in a fatigued state, may impair performance when crossing obstacles, enhancing the risks of falls or accidents. Our goal was thus to review the effects of experimentally-induced fatigue (EIF) on gait parameters during obstacle crossing by healthy individuals. We systematically searched PubMed and Web of Science databases using 'fatigue', 'obstacle crossing' and their equivalent terms to extract data from studies investigating this domain. Nine studies were found. First, EIF-related effects on kinetics, EMG and obstacle contacts have been poorly studied. Second, consistent and inconsistent results were found in the kinematic outcomes after EIF. Consistent results included reductions in stride duration and increased step width. Inconsistent results included gait velocity (no-effect vs increased), leading and trailing-foot vertical clearance (reduced vs increased) and horizontal distance from foot to the obstacle before obstacle avoidance (no-effect vs increased). These findings should be interpreted cautiously, however, due to the heterogeneity of the obstacle crossing and EIF protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chardon
- AGEIS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France; Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - F A Barbieri
- Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil.
| | - T Penedo
- AGEIS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France; Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Paulo C R Santos
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - N Vuillerme
- AGEIS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
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Inter-joint coordination variability during a sit-to-stand fatiguing protocol. J Biomech 2022; 138:111132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Luo Y, Yang F, Yerebakan MO, Zhang J, Hu B. Load Carriage Modes and Limb Crossing Patterns Altered Gait during Obstacle Negotiation. J Mot Behav 2022; 54:525-536. [PMID: 35021959 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2021.2017837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Personal and environmental factors both increase the likelihood of falling injuries while negotiating obstacles. Eighteen male participants (seven older, eleven young) were recruited to walk over an obstacle with and without loads on their hands to study the effects of age, load carriage modes, and limb crossing patterns on gait during obstacle negotiation. Participants initiated tasks with either their dominant or non-dominant leg. Step length (SL), toe clearance (TC), step velocity (V), and step width (SW) were extracted from four critical steps. Results showed that during obstacle negotiation (1) older adults had more TC than younger adults, (2) hand loads affected SL and TC, (3) gait parameters are dissimilar between the dominant limb and non-dominant limb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Luo
- Human System Engineering Laboratory, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Fang Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Mustafa Ozkan Yerebakan
- Human System Engineering Laboratory, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Junxia Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Boyi Hu
- Human System Engineering Laboratory, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Lu Z, Sun D, Xu D, Li X, Baker JS, Gu Y. Gait Characteristics and Fatigue Profiles When Standing on Surfaces with Different Hardness: Gait Analysis and Machine Learning Algorithms. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111083. [PMID: 34827076 PMCID: PMC8615158 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The purpose of this study was to explore if an anti-fatigue soft mat could improve the gait performance after standing for long periods and to examine if a machine-learning algorithm could evaluate fatigue state objectively. Compared with standing directly on the hard ground, using an anti-fatigue mat could reduce the negative effect of standing for a long time (4 h). The machine-learning algorithm demonstrated moderate accuracy in measuring fatigue. The accuracy of gait parameters used to consider a non-fatigued state following the use of an anti-fatigue mat was higher than that of the fatigue state. The results may indicate that it is beneficial to use anti-fatigue mats when standing for long periods, and it is feasible to use gait parameters and machine-learning algorithms to detect fatigue. Abstract Background: Longtime standing may cause fatigue and discomfort in the lower extremities, leading to an increased risk of falls and related musculoskeletal diseases. Therefore, preventive interventions and fatigue detection are crucial. This study aims to explore whether anti-fatigue mats can improve gait parameters following long periods of standing and try to use machine learning algorithms to identify the fatigue states of standing workers objectively. Methods: Eighteen healthy young subjects were recruited to stand on anti-fatigue mats and hard ground to work 4 h, including 10 min rest. The portable gait analyzer collected walking speed, stride length, gait frequency, single support time/double support time, swing work, and leg fall intensity. A Paired sample t-test was used to compare the difference of gait parameters without standing intervention and standing on two different hardness planes for 4 h. An independent sample t-test was used to analyze the difference between males and females. The K-nearest neighbor (KNN) classification algorithm was performed, the subject’s gait characteristics were divided into non-fatigued and fatigue groups. The gait parameters selection and the error rate of fatigue detection were analyzed. Results: When gender differences were not considered, the intensity of leg falling after standing on the hard ground for 4 h was significantly lower than prior to the intervention (p < 0.05). When considering the gender, the stride length and leg falling strength of female subjects standing on the ground for 4 h were significantly lower than those before the intervention (p < 0.05), and the leg falling strength after standing on the mat for 4 h was significantly lower than that recorded before the standing intervention (p < 0.05). The leg falling strength of male subjects standing on the ground for 4 h was significantly lower than before the intervention (p < 0.05). After standing on the ground for 4 h, female subjects’ walking speed and stride length were significantly lower than those of male subjects (p < 0.05). In addition, the accuracy of testing gait parameters to predict fatigue was medium (75%). After standing on the mat was divided into fatigue, the correct rate was 38.9%, and when it was divided into the non-intervention state, the correct rate was 44.4%. Conclusion: The results show that the discomfort and fatigue caused by standing for 4 h could lead to the gait parameters variation, especially in females. The use of anti-fatigue mats may improve the negative influence caused by standing for a long period. The results of the KNN classification algorithm showed that gait parameters could be identified after fatigue, and the use of an anti-fatigue mat could improve the negative effect of standing for a long time. The accuracy of the prediction results in this study was moderate. For future studies, researchers need to optimize the algorithm and include more factors to improve the prediction accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Lu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Z.L.); (D.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Dong Sun
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Z.L.); (D.X.); (X.L.)
- Savaria Institute of Technology, Eötvös Loránd University, 9700 Szombathely, Hungary
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (Y.G.)
| | - Datao Xu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Z.L.); (D.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Xin Li
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Z.L.); (D.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport and Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Z.L.); (D.X.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (Y.G.)
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Dos Santos PCR, Lamoth CJC, Gobbi LTB, Zijdewind I, Barbieri FA, Hortobágyi T. Older Compared With Younger Adults Performed 467 Fewer Sit-to-Stand Trials, Accompanied by Small Changes in Muscle Activation and Voluntary Force. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:679282. [PMID: 34267644 PMCID: PMC8276699 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.679282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Repetitive sit-to-stand (rSTS) is a fatigue perturbation model to examine the age-effects on adaptability in posture and gait, yet the age-effects on muscle activation during rSTS per se are unclear. We examined the effects of age and exhaustive rSTS on muscle activation magnitude, onset, and duration during ascent and descent phases of the STS task. Methods: Healthy older (n = 12) and younger (n = 11) adults performed rSTS, at a controlled frequency dictated by a metronome (2 s for cycle), to failure or for 30 min. We assessed muscle activation magnitude, onset, and duration of plantar flexors, dorsiflexors, knee flexors, knee extensors, and hip stabilizers during the initial and late stages of rSTS. Before and after rSTS, we measured maximal voluntary isometric knee extension force, and rate of perceived exertion, which was also recorded during rSTS task. Results: Older vs. younger adults generated 35% lower maximum voluntary isometric knee extension force. During the initial stage of rSTS, older vs. younger adults activated the dorsiflexor 60% higher, all 5 muscle groups 37% longer, and the hip stabilizers 80% earlier. Older vs. younger adults completed 467 fewer STS trials and, at failure, their rate of perceived exertion was ~17 of 20 on the Borg scale. At the end of the rSTS, maximum voluntary isometric knee extension force decreased 16% similarly in older and younger, as well as the similar age groups decline in activation of the dorsiflexor and knee extensor muscles (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: By performing 467 fewer STS trials, older adults minimized the potential effects of fatigability on muscle activation, voluntary force, and motor function. Such a sparing effect may explain the minimal changes in gait after rSTS reported in previous studies, suggesting a limited scope of this perturbation model to probe age-effects on muscle adaptation in functional tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Cezar Rocha Dos Santos
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Claudine J C Lamoth
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lilian Teresa Bucken Gobbi
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Inge Zijdewind
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Fabio Augusto Barbieri
- Department of Physical Education, Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Human Movement Research Laboratory, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Sport Biology, Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Somogy County Kaposi Mór Teaching Hospital, Kaposvár, Hungary
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Santos PCRD, Barbieri FA, Orcioli-Silva D, Beretta VS, Hortobágyi T, Gobbi LTB. Being physically active minimizes the effects of leg muscle fatigue on obstacle negotiation in people with Parkinson's disease. J Biomech 2021; 124:110568. [PMID: 34171679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
It is challenging for people with Parkinson's disease (PwPD) to adjust their gait to perturbations, including fatigue. Obstacle negotiation increases the risk of tripping and falling in PD. Being physically active can improve gait control and the ability to negotiate obstacles while walking under fatigue state. We thus determined the effects of Parkinson's disease, fatigue, and level of physical activity on gait during the approach to and crossing an obstacle during gait. Forty participants were stratified to people with Parkinson's disease active and inactive, and control individuals active and inactive. Participants walked on an 8 m walkway and stepped over an obstacle placed at the middle (4 m). They performed three trials before and after repeated sit-to-stand (rSTS)-induced fatigue state. Maximum voluntary force was assessed before and after rSTS. We measured the length, width, duration, and velocity of the approach (stride before obstacle) and crossing (step over the obstacle) phases and the leading and trailing placements and clearance during crossing phase. Fatigue trait was determined by multidimensional fatigue inventory. Before rSTS, people with Parkinson's disease inactive vs. other subgroups approached the obstacle using 18-28% shorter, wider and slower steps and crossed the obstacle slower (all p < 0.04). After rSTS, people with Parkinson's disease inactive increased (23-34%) stride length and velocity and decreased (-21%) the step width (p < 0.01). People with Parkinson's disease approached the obstacle similarly to control individuals. Physical activity minimizes Parkinson's disease-typical gait impairments during obstacle negotiation and affords a protective effect against fatigue-effects on obstacle negotiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Cezar Rocha Dos Santos
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fabio Augusto Barbieri
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Orcioli-Silva
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Spiandor Beretta
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands; Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Somogy County Kaposi Mór Teaching Hospital, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Lilian Teresa Bucken Gobbi
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
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Dos Santos PCR, Lamoth CJC, Barbieri FA, Zijdewind I, Gobbi LTB, Hortobágyi T. Age-specific modulation of intermuscular beta coherence during gait before and after experimentally induced fatigue. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15854. [PMID: 32985547 PMCID: PMC7522269 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72839-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the effects of age on intermuscular beta-band (15-35 Hz) coherence during treadmill walking before and after experimentally induced fatigue. Older (n = 12) and younger (n = 12) adults walked on a treadmill at 1.2 m/s for 3 min before and after repetitive sit-to-stand, rSTS, to induce muscle fatigability. We measured stride outcomes and coherence from 100 steps in the dominant leg for the synergistic (biceps femoris (BF)-semitendinosus, rectus femoris (RF)-vastus lateralis (VL), gastrocnemius lateralis (GL)-Soleus (SL), tibialis anterior (TA)-peroneus longus (PL)) and for the antagonistic (RF-BF and TA-GL) muscle pairs at late swing and early stance. Older vs. younger adults had 43-62% lower GL-SL, RF-VL coherence in swing and TA-PL and RF-VL coherence in stance. After rSTS, RF-BF coherence in late swing decreased by ~ 20% and TA-PL increased by 16% independent of age (p = 0.02). Also, GL-SL coherence decreased by ~ 23% and increased by ~ 23% in younger and older, respectively. Age affects the oscillatory coupling between synergistic muscle pairs, delivered presumably via corticospinal tracts, during treadmill walking. Muscle fatigability elicits age-specific changes in the common fluctuations in muscle activity, which could be interpreted as a compensation for muscle fatigability to maintain gait performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Cezar Rocha Dos Santos
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO), Institute of Biosciences, Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil.
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Claudine J C Lamoth
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fabio Augusto Barbieri
- Department of Physical Education, Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Inge Zijdewind
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lilian Teresa Bucken Gobbi
- Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO), Institute of Biosciences, Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Reimann H, Ramadan R, Fettrow T, Hafer JF, Geyer H, Jeka JJ. Interactions Between Different Age-Related Factors Affecting Balance Control in Walking. Front Sports Act Living 2020; 2:94. [PMID: 33345085 PMCID: PMC7739654 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2020.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining balance during walking is a continuous sensorimotor control problem. Throughout the movement, the central nervous system has to collect sensory data about the current state of the body in space, use this information to detect possible threats to balance and adapt the movement pattern to ensure stability. Failure of this sensorimotor loop can lead to dire consequences in the form of falls, injury and death. Such failures tend to become more prevalent as people get older. While research has established a number of factors associated with higher risk of falls, we know relatively little about age-related changes of the underlying sensorimotor control loop and how such changes are related to empirically established risk factors. This paper approaches the problem of age-related fall risk from a neural control perspective. We begin by summarizing recent empirical findings about the neural control laws mapping sensory input to motor output for balance control during walking. These findings were established in young, neurotypical study populations and establish a baseline of sensorimotor control of balance. We then review correlates for deteriorating balance control in older adults, of muscle weakness, slow walking, cognitive decline, and increased visual dependency. While empirical associations between these factors and fall risk have been established reasonably well, we know relatively little about the underlying causal relationships. Establishing such causal relationships is hard, because the different factors all co-vary with age and are difficult to isolate empirically. One option to analyze the role of an individual factor for balance control is to use computational models of walking comprising all levels of the sensorimotor control loop. We introduce one such model that generates walking movement patterns from a short list of spinal reflex modules with limited supraspinal modulation for balance. We show how this model can be used to simulate empirical studies, and how comparison between the model and empirical results can indicate gaps in our current understanding of balance control. We also show how different aspects of aging can be added to this model to study their effect on balance control in isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Reimann
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Rachid Ramadan
- Institute for Neural Computation, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tyler Fettrow
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jocelyn F. Hafer
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Hartmut Geyer
- Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - John J. Jeka
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
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Wang Y, Wang S, Bolton R, Kaur T, Bhatt T. Effects of task-specific obstacle-induced trip-perturbation training: proactive and reactive adaptation to reduce fall-risk in community-dwelling older adults. Aging Clin Exp Res 2020; 32:893-905. [PMID: 31321743 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01268-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trips account for over half of outdoor falls among community-dwelling older adults. AIMS To investigate to what extent obstacle-induced trip-perturbation training could reduce fall-risk among older adults and to see whether training effects could be retained short term. METHODS Forty community-dwelling older adults were exposed to 24 repeated trip-perturbations given in a "blocked-and-mixed" manner during over-ground gait. Another trip was given 30 min post-training. For each trip, recovery strategies and outcomes (fall versus no fall) were analyzed. Within-trial changes to proactive and reactive dynamic center of mass stability, pre-trip toe clearance and trunk angle, trunk angle at recovery completion, and recovery step length were analyzed. RESULTS 48% of participants fell on their novel trip. The fall rate decreased significantly for subsequent trips, with no falls on the last trip. The decreased fall incidence resulted from improved feedforward and feedback adjustments for controlling center of mass stability and body kinematics. Proactive adaptations included reduced forward center of mass velocity, which lessened forward instability, and larger toe clearance, which increased the likelihood of obstacle avoidance. Reactive adjustments included reduced forward instability and improved trunk control (reduced forward rotation) at recovery step completion. Post-training, training effects were retained in terms of fall incidence, with slight decay in toe clearance and reactive stability. CONCLUSIONS Older adults demonstrated appropriate locomotor-based proactive and reactive adaptations to repeated obstacle-induced trips with short-term retention similar to young adults, and thus could reduce their fall-risk through such training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiru Wang
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health and Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 West Taylor Street (M/C 898), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- PhD Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Health and Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Shuaijie Wang
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health and Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 West Taylor Street (M/C 898), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Ryan Bolton
- College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Tanjeev Kaur
- College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Tanvi Bhatt
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health and Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 West Taylor Street (M/C 898), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Mohamed AA. Can Proprioceptive Training Enhance Fatigability and Decrease Progression Rate of Sarcopenia in Seniors? A Novel Approach. Curr Rheumatol Rev 2020; 17:58-67. [PMID: 32348231 DOI: 10.2174/1573397116666200429113226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a common condition in older adults, which causes the frequent occurrence of muscle fatigue. Muscle fatigue commonly develops among seniors. Muscle fatigue is a type of physical fatigue that occurs due to either motor or sensory dysfunctions. Current interventions developed to decrease the occurrence of muscle fatigue, which include either increasing rest periods or subdividing large tasks into small ones. The effectiveness of these interventions is highly contradicted. Recently, researchers discovered that mechanoreceptors are the main receptors of muscle fatigue, however, no clinical study investigated the effect of performing proprioceptive training to enhance the mechanoreceptors and decrease the occurrence of muscle fatigue. Performing proprioceptive training could improve muscle fatigue by improving its sensory part. The function of mechanoreceptors might consequently enhance fatigue and decrease the progression rate of sarcopenia. Thus, this review was conducted to suggest a novel approach of treatment to enhance fatigue and decrease Sarcopenia in seniors. This might be accomplished through increasing the firing rate of α- motor neurons, increasing the amount of Ca2+ ions in the neuromuscular junction, slowing the progression rate of Sarcopenia, and correcting movement deviations, which commonly occur with muscle fatigue in seniors. In conclusion, proprioceptive training could play an effective role in decreasing the progression rate of sarcopenia and enhancing the fatigability among seniors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman A Mohamed
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul, Turkey
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dos Santos PCR, Barbieri FA, Zijdewind I, Gobbi LTB, Lamoth C, Hortobágyi T. Effects of experimentally induced fatigue on healthy older adults' gait: A systematic review. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226939. [PMID: 31887182 PMCID: PMC6936857 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction While fatigue is ubiquitous in old age and visibly interferes with mobility, studies have not yet examined the effects of self-reported fatigue on healthy older adults’ gait. As a model that simulates this daily phenomenon, we systematically reviewed eleven studies that compared the effects of experimentally induced muscle and mental performance fatigability on gait kinematics, variability, kinetics, and muscle activity in healthy older adults. Methods We searched for studies in databases (PubMed and Web of Science) using Fatigue, Gait, and Clinical conditions as the main terms and extracted the data only from studies that experimentally induced fatigue by sustained muscle or mental activities in healthy older adults. Results Eleven studies were included. After muscle performance fatigability, six of nine studies observed increases in stride length, width, gait velocity (Effect Size [ES] range: 0.30 to 1.22), inter-stride trunk acceleration variability (ES: 2.06), and ankle muscle coactivation during gait (ES: 0.59, n = 1 study). After sustained mental activity, the coefficient of variation of stride outcomes increased (ES: 0.59 to 0.67, n = 1 study) during dual-task but not single-task walking. Conclusion Muscle performance fatigability affects spatial and temporal features of gait and, mainly, inter-stride trunk acceleration variability. In contrast, sustained mental activity tends only to affect step variability during dual tasking. A critical and immediate step for future studies is to determine the effects of self-reported fatigue on gait biomechanics and variability in healthy older adults to verify the viability of experimentally induced fatigue as a model for the study of gait adaptability in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Cezar Rocha dos Santos
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO), Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Fabio Augusto Barbieri
- Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Inge Zijdewind
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lilian Teresa Bucken Gobbi
- Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO), Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Claudine Lamoth
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Santos PCRD, Hortobágyi T, Zijdewind I, Bucken Gobbi LT, Barbieri FA, Lamoth C. Minimal effects of age and prolonged physical and mental exercise on healthy adults' gait. Gait Posture 2019; 74:205-211. [PMID: 31561118 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gait adaptability in old age can be examined by responses to various perturbations. Fatigability due to mental or muscle exercises can perturb internal cognitive and muscle resources, necessitating adaptations in gait. RESEARCH QUESTION What are the effects of age and mental and muscle fatigability on stride outcomes and gait variability? METHODS Twelve older (66-75yrs) and twelve young (20-25 yrs) adults walked at 1.2 m/s before and after two fatigue conditions in two separate sessions. Fatigue conditions were induced by repetitive sit-to-stand task (RSTS) and by 30-min of mental tasks and randomized between days (about a week apart). We calculated the average and coefficient of variation of stride length, width, single support, swing time and cadence, and the detrended fluctuations analysis (DFA) based on 120 strides time intervals. We also calculated multi-scale sample entropy (MSE) and the maximal Lyapunov exponent (λmax) of mediolateral (ML) and anteroposterior (AP) of the Center of Pressure (CoP) trajectories. RESULTS In both age groups, RSTS modestly affected stride length, single support time, cadence, and CV of stride length (p ≤ 0.05), while the mental task did not affect gait. After fatigability, λmax - ML increased (p ≤ 0.05), independent of fatigue condition. All observed effects were small (η²: 0.001 to 0.02). SIGNIFICANCE Muscle and mental fatigability had minimal effects on gait in young and healthy older adults possibly because treadmill walking makes gait uniform. It is still possible that age-dependent muscle activation underlies the uniform gait on the treadmill. Age- and fatigability effects might be more overt during real life compared with treadmill walking, creating a more effective model for examining gait and age adaptability to fatigability perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Cezar Rocha Dos Santos
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Post-graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO), Rio Claro, Brazil.
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Inge Zijdewind
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lilian Teresa Bucken Gobbi
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Post-graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Fabio Augusto Barbieri
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Post-graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Department of Physical Education, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Claudine Lamoth
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Cho H, Romine NL, Barbieri FA, Rietdyk S. Gaze diversion affects cognitive and motor performance in young adults when stepping over obstacles. Gait Posture 2019; 73:273-278. [PMID: 31394370 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.07.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In many common multi-tasks, vision is used for two or more of the tasks, such as viewing cars, traffic signals, and the sidewalk curb at a crosswalk. RESEARCH QUESTION How does gaze diversion affect adaptive locomotion in young adults? METHODS Seventeen young adults completed a simple reaction time (RT) task while (1) standing and (2) during the approach to an obstacle on an 8 m walkway. Participants pressed a remote switch in response to a light cue (activated once during approach phase). The light cue was located either (1) on the obstacle (gaze diverted to obstacle) or (2) at eye level (gaze diverted away from obstacle). A gait baseline task with no RT task was included. RESULTS An interaction was observed (task (standing versus walking) by gaze location (on versus away from obstacle), p = 0.01), where RT was not affected by the gaze location in the standing task, but RT was longer when gaze was diverted away from the obstacle in the gait task. Furthermore, trail foot placement was closer to the obstacle when the gaze was diverted away from the obstacle (p = 0.002), which increased risk of tripping. SIGNIFICANCE Gaze diversion did not affect cognitive performance in the standing task, as information regarding the obstacle was not relevant for the standing task. However, completing a simple discrete visual cognitive task during obstacle crossing impaired both cognitive and gait performance, but only when gaze was diverted away from the obstacle. The impaired performance is likely due to the larger amount of structural interference when gaze was diverted away from the obstacle. These findings highlight the critical role of vision during the approach phase to an obstacle.
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Affiliation(s)
- HyeYoung Cho
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Nathaniel Lee Romine
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Fabio Augusto Barbieri
- Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Shirley Rietdyk
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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Richer N, Bisson EJ, Bilodeau M, Paquet N, Lajoie Y. Effect of Bilateral and Unilateral Plantarflexor Muscle Fatigue on Blind Navigation Precision and Gait Parameters. J Mot Behav 2019; 52:41-49. [PMID: 30794083 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2019.1576157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the impact of bilateral and unilateral fatigue of the plantarflexor muscles on blind navigation. Thirty-eight young adults walked 8-m without vision before fatigue (pre-fatigue), then fatigued either one or both of their plantarflexor muscles by performing isometric contractions. After each fatigue, two blind navigation trials were performed (post-fatigue trials 1 and 2). Results revealed no effect of bilateral muscle fatigue on navigation precision and gait parameters. Unilateral muscle fatigue led to longer linear distance travelled during post-fatigue trial 2 compared to pre-fatigue and to a change in angular deviation between pre- and post-fatigue. In general, results suggest that participants were able to make adaptive changes to counter muscle fatigue during blind navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Richer
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Etienne J Bisson
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Bilodeau
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole Paquet
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Yves Lajoie
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Alota Ignacio Pereira V, Augusto Barbieri F, Moura Zagatto A, Cezar Rocha Dos Santos P, Simieli L, Augusto Barbieri R, Pivetta Carpes F, Teresa Bucken Gobbi L. Muscle Fatigue Does Not Change the Effects on Lower Limbs Strength Caused by Aging and Parkinson's Disease. Aging Dis 2018; 9:988-998. [PMID: 30574412 PMCID: PMC6284767 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the impact of aging and Parkinson’s disease (PD) on lower limb muscle strength before and after muscle fatigue. One hundred thirty-five individuals were distributed over seven groups according to their age (20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 years old) and disease. Participants performed maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) in a leg press device followed by the muscle fatigue protocol (repeated sit-to-stand task). Immediately after muscle fatigue (less than 2 min), the MVIC were repeated. The peak force, peak rate of force development (first 50, 100, 200 ms), and root mean square and peak values of the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis muscle activity during MVIC were calculated before and after muscle fatigue. We found more pronounced reductions in lower limb muscle strength parameters (lower limb force, RFD-100 and RFD-200 - p<0.05) in individuals over 50 years of age and with PD. In addition, there was an inverse relation between aging and lower limb muscle strength parameters. The main findings were the lack of changes in peak force, RFDs and muscle activity of the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis after muscle fatigue according to aging and PD, and similar lower limb muscle strength parameters (before and after muscle fatigue) and effect of muscle fatigue in PD compared to the aged groups (60 and 70 years old groups).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Alota Ignacio Pereira
- 1Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Fabio Augusto Barbieri
- 1Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Moura Zagatto
- 1Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cezar Rocha Dos Santos
- 2Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Lucas Simieli
- 1Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Augusto Barbieri
- 3Graduate Program in Physical Education and Sport at School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto (EEFERP), University of Sao Paulo, Centro Universitário Estacio de Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Felipe Pivetta Carpes
- 4Applied Neuromechanics Group, Laboratory of Neuromechanics, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | - Lilian Teresa Bucken Gobbi
- 2Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Rio Claro, Brazil
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Petis SM, Vasarhelyi EM, Howard JL, Lanting BA. Gait analysis following release of the short external rotators during an anterior approach for total hip arthroplasty. Hip Int 2018; 28:584-590. [PMID: 30033777 DOI: 10.1177/1120700017752514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadaveric and clinical studies suggest surgical release of the short external rotators is sometimes necessary to improve exposure during total hip arthroplasty (THA) using an anterior approach. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of those surgical releases on gait following THA. METHODS 15 patients undergoing THA using an anterior approach, anterior approach with surgical releases, or posterior approach underwent 3-D gait analysis preoperatively, and at 6 and 12 weeks postoperatively. At each time point, temporal parameters, kinematics, and kinetics were compared. The anterior approach was compared to the anterior approach cohort with surgical releases, and the surgical release cohort was compared to a posterior approach cohort. The mean change score between preoperative and 6 weeks, and 6-week to 12-week analyses were analysed. RESULTS There were no demographic differences between the groups. There were no significant differences between the groups for the temporal parameters and kinematic analyses at either time point comparison. The surgical release cohort had a lower hip internal rotation moment compared to the anterior approach cohort for the 6- to 12-week comparison ( p = 0.05), and compared to the posterior approach cohort for the preoperative to 6-week ( p = 0.03) and 6- to 12-week comparison ( p = 0.02). CONCLUSION Releasing the short external rotators during an anterior approach did not cause significant temporal and kinematic changes after THA. However, small changes in hip internal rotation moments can be expected. These findings should be correlated with patient-reported outcome measures to determine if these gait anomalies predict poor outcome following THA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Petis
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, University Hospital, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edward M Vasarhelyi
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, University Hospital, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - James L Howard
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, University Hospital, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brent A Lanting
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, University Hospital, London, Ontario, Canada
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Influence of obstacle color on locomotor and gaze behaviors during obstacle avoidance in people with Parkinson’s disease. Exp Brain Res 2018; 236:3319-3325. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-018-5385-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Watanabe K. Relationship Between Toe Clearance Strategy and Regional Regulation of Rectus Femoris Muscle During Swing Phase in Prolonged Walking in Young and Older Adults. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1274. [PMID: 30237768 PMCID: PMC6136235 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The toe clearance strategy during leg swinging while walking is closely associated with the risk of tripping and/or falling and is influenced by aging and a fall history. However, it remains unclear how the toe clearance strategy is regulated by the neuromuscular system. The present study investigated the effect of aging and fall/tripping history in the older adults on the toe clearance strategy and neuromuscular regulation of the rectus femoris (RF) muscle, which plays an important role in leg swinging, during prolonged walking. Thirteen older adults (age: 71.3 ± 5.7 years) and nine young adults (age: 20.9 ± 0.8 years) men volunteered for the present study. The older adults were divided into those with (n = 6) and without (n = 7) a fall/tripping history. Subjects walked on a treadmill at their preferred gait speed for 20 min, and lower extremity kinematics and multi-channel surface electromyography along the RF muscle were recorded. Variability of the minimum toe clearance (MTC) and central locus activation (CLA) of the RF muscle in older adults was significantly greater than in the young adults (p < 0.05). MTC significantly decreased with time in the older adults (p < 0.05), but not in the young adults (p > 0.05). There were no significant correlations between any parameters of MTC and CLA in the older adults or young adults (p > 0.05). MTC and variability of CLA significantly decreased with time in the older adults without a fall/tripping history (p < 0.05), but not in the older adults with such a history (p > 0.05). These results suggest that aging and a fall/tripping history in the older adults alter the toe clearance strategy and regional neural regulation of the RF muscle during prolonged walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Watanabe
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Biomechanics, School of International Liberal Studies, Chukyo University, Nagoya, Japan
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Barbieri FA, Polastri PF, Gobbi LTB, Simieli L, Pereira VIA, Baptista AM, Moretto GF, Fiorelli CM, Imaizumi LFI, Rodrigues ST. Obstacle circumvention and eye coordination during walking to least and most affected side in people with Parkinson's disease. Behav Brain Res 2018; 346:105-114. [PMID: 29180136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms that contribute to gait asymmetry in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) are unclear, mainly during gait with greater environmental demand, such as when an obstacle is circumvented while walking. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of obstacle circumvention of the least and most affected side on motor and gaze behavior in people with PD under/without the effects of dopaminergic medication. METHODS Fifteen people with PD and 15 matched-control individuals were instructed to walk along a pathway, at a self-selected velocity, and to circumvent an obstacle, avoiding contact with it. Each participant performed five trials for each side. Kinematic parameters, mediolateral and horizontal body clearance to the obstacle, strategy to circumvent the obstacle, and gaze behavior were calculated. Parameters were grouped according to the side that the obstacle was circumvented and compared by three-way ANOVAs. RESULTS Both people with PD and the control group presented asymmetry to circumvent an obstacle during walking, however this was exacerbated in people with PD. Individuals with PD presented safe strategies (largest mediolateral and horizontal body clearance to the obstacle, "lead-out" strategy, and higher number and time of fixations on the obstacle) during obstacle circumvention for the least affected side compared to the most affected side. In addition, positive effects of dopaminergic medication on body clearance, spatial-temporal parameters, and gaze behavior were evidenced only when the obstacle was circumvented to the least affected side. CONCLUSIONS The obstacle circumvention to the most affected side is risky for people with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Augusto Barbieri
- São Paulo State University (Unesp) - Campus Bauru, Scholl of Science, Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB) and Laboratory of Information, Vision and Action (LIVIA), Department of Physical Education, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Paula Favaro Polastri
- São Paulo State University (Unesp) - Campus Bauru, Scholl of Science, Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB) and Laboratory of Information, Vision and Action (LIVIA), Department of Physical Education, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Lilian Teresa Bucken Gobbi
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Campus Rio Claro, Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO), Department of Physical Education, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Simieli
- São Paulo State University (Unesp) - Campus Bauru, Scholl of Science, Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB) and Laboratory of Information, Vision and Action (LIVIA), Department of Physical Education, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Ignácio Alota Pereira
- São Paulo State University (Unesp) - Campus Bauru, Scholl of Science, Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB) and Laboratory of Information, Vision and Action (LIVIA), Department of Physical Education, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - André Macari Baptista
- São Paulo State University (Unesp) - Campus Bauru, Scholl of Science, Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB) and Laboratory of Information, Vision and Action (LIVIA), Department of Physical Education, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Felipe Moretto
- São Paulo State University (Unesp) - Campus Bauru, Scholl of Science, Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB) and Laboratory of Information, Vision and Action (LIVIA), Department of Physical Education, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Menezes Fiorelli
- São Paulo State University (Unesp) - Campus Bauru, Scholl of Science, Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB) and Laboratory of Information, Vision and Action (LIVIA), Department of Physical Education, Bauru, SP, Brazil; Universidade Sagrado Coração, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Felipe Itikawa Imaizumi
- São Paulo State University (Unesp) - Campus Bauru, Scholl of Science, Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB) and Laboratory of Information, Vision and Action (LIVIA), Department of Physical Education, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Tosi Rodrigues
- São Paulo State University (Unesp) - Campus Bauru, Scholl of Science, Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB) and Laboratory of Information, Vision and Action (LIVIA), Department of Physical Education, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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Impact of age and obstacle negotiation on timing measures of gait initiation. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2018; 22:361-365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Orcioli-Silva D, Barbieri FA, Simieli L, Santos PCRD, Beretta VS, Coelho FGDM, Andrade LPD, Gobbi LTB. A program of physical activity improves gait impairment in people with Alzheimer's disease. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574201800010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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AminiAghdam S, Blickhan R. The effects of an expected twofold perturbation on able-bodied gait: Trunk flexion and uneven ground surface. Gait Posture 2018; 61:431-438. [PMID: 29477127 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although alteration in trunk orientation and ground level potentially affects gait pattern individually, it is plausible to examine the interaction effects of such factors. OBJECTIVE The interaction effects between trunk-flexed gait and uneven ground on able-bodied gait pattern. METHODS For twelve able-bodied participants, we compared the adaptive mechanisms in kinematics, kinetics and spatial-temporal parameters of gait (STPG) with bent postures (30° and 50° of sagittal trunk flexion) across uneven surface (10-cm visible drop at the sight of the second ground contact) with that of upright posture on even ground surface. RESULTS Significant between-posture changes on the uneven surface included a decreased peak ankle dorsiflexion angle and vertical ground reaction force (GRF) 2nd peak as trunk flexion increased. Moreover, significant between-ground surface changes for each individual gait posture were a decreased peak ankle dorsiflexion angle and ankle range of motion irrespective of trunk posture and a reduced trailing step duration and vertical GRF 2nd peak in upright walking. The spatial parameters of gait remained unchanged across uneven surface, but at the expense of pronounced adjustments in temporal parameters, i.e., a more conservative gait strategy, indicating a distinct contribution from spatial and temporal strategies in trunk-flexed gaits. This was associated with greater peak flexion angles across lower limb joints regardless of trunk posture, alongside with an exertion of greater forces at faster rates earlier in stance and attenuated forces at lower rates at the end of the stance (i.e., early-skewed vertical GRF). When considering the main effect of posture, a more crouched gait was executed with reduced temporal parameters (except for cadence) and an early-skewed vertical GRF patterns with increasing trunk flexion. SIGNIFICANCE These results may have implications for understanding the nature of compensatory mechanisms in gait pattern of older adults and/or patients with altered trunk orientations while accommodating uneven ground.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soran AminiAghdam
- Department of Motion Science, Institute of Sport Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Seidelstraße 20, 07740 Jena, Germany.
| | - Reinhard Blickhan
- Department of Motion Science, Institute of Sport Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Seidelstraße 20, 07740 Jena, Germany
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Kunzler MR, da Rocha ES, Dos Santos CS, Ceccon FG, Priario LA, Carpes FP. Should we consider steps with variable height for a safer stair negotiation in older adults? Work 2018; 59:15-21. [PMID: 29439376 DOI: 10.3233/wor-172658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effects of exercise on foot clearances are important. In older adults variations in foot clearances during walking may lead to a fall, but there is a lack of information concerning stair negotiation in older adults. Whether a condition of post exercise changes foot clearances between steps of a staircase in older adults still unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine differences in clearances when older adults negotiate different steps of a staircase before and after a session of aerobic exercise. METHODS Kinematics data from 30 older adults were acquired and the toe and heel clearances were determined for each step. Clearances were compared between the steps. RESULTS Smaller clearances were found at the highest step during ascending and descending, which was not changed by exercise. Smaller clearances suggest higher risk of tripping at the top of the staircase, regardless of exercise. CONCLUSION A smaller step at the top of a short flight of stairs could reduce chances of tripping in older adults. It suggests that steps with variable height could make stair negotiation safer in older adults. This hypothesis should be tested in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos R Kunzler
- Applied Neuromechanics Research Group, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel S da Rocha
- Applied Neuromechanics Research Group, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Biomechanics and Kinesiology Research Group, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando G Ceccon
- Applied Neuromechanics Research Group, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Liver A Priario
- Applied Neuromechanics Research Group, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Felipe P Carpes
- Applied Neuromechanics Research Group, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Orcioli-Silva D, Barbieri FA, Simieli L, Vitorio R, Santos PCRD, Beretta VS, Gobbi LTB. Walking behavior over multiple obstacles in people with Parkinson's disease. Gait Posture 2017; 58:510-515. [PMID: 28957776 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The presence of a second obstacle changed the planning and adjustments for obstacle avoidance performance, but this context is poorly understood in Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of this study was to investigate the walking behavior over multiple obstacles in people with PD. Nineteen people with PD and 19 healthy individuals walked across an 8m pathway, performing three trials for following conditions: unobstructed walking, walking with one obstacle avoidance (Single), and walking with two obstacles avoidance (Double). In the Double condition, the analysis was performed only for the first obstacle (First Double). The dependent variables were calculated separately for the approach and crossing phases in the obstacle conditions. The main results show that people with PD decreased single support and increased double support phase in both Single and Double conditions compared to the unobstructed walking. Both groups increased stride duration during approach phase in the Double condition compared to the unobstructed walking and Single conditions. The presence of the second obstacle led to a decrease in trailing toe clearance during obstacle avoidance of the First Double. In conclusion, people with PD use a conservative strategy while approaching obstacles. Both groups need more time to obtain and process environmental information and plan the action in environments with multiple obstacles. The smaller leading toe clearance might be an indicative that the presence of a second obstacle increase the likelihood of tripping during obstacle avoidance in both people with PD and healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Orcioli-Silva
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Biociências, Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO), Rio Claro, Brazil.
| | - Fabio Augusto Barbieri
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências, Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Lucas Simieli
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências, Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Vitorio
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Biociências, Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cezar Rocha Dos Santos
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Biociências, Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Victor Spiandor Beretta
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Biociências, Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Lilian Teresa Bucken Gobbi
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Biociências, Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO), Rio Claro, Brazil
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31
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Santos PCR, Gobbi LTB, Orcioli-Silva D, Simieli L, van Dieën JH, Barbieri FA. Effects of leg muscle fatigue on gait in patients with Parkinson's disease and controls with high and low levels of daily physical activity. Gait Posture 2016; 47:86-91. [PMID: 27264409 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) are more susceptible to muscle fatigue, which can damage their gait. Physical activity can improve muscle condition, which is an important aspect during walking. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of lower limb muscle fatigue on gait in patients with PD and healthy individuals, grouped according to physical activity level. Twenty Patients with PD (PD group) and 20 matched individuals (control group) were distributed according to physical activity level into four subgroups of ten individuals (active and inactive). Participants performed three walking trials before and after lower limb muscle fatigue, induced by a repeated sit-to-stand task on a chair. Kinematic (stride length, width, duration, velocity and percentage of time in double support) and kinetic (propulsive and breaking anterior-posterior and medio-lateral impulse) gait parameters were analyzed. In both groups, participants increased stride length and velocity and decreased stride duration and braking vertical impulse after lower limb muscle fatigue. The PD groups presented higher step width and percentage of double time support than the control groups before muscle fatigue. The control groups increased step width and decreased percentage of time in double support, while the PD groups did not change these parameters. For physical activity level, active individuals presented longer stride length, greater stride velocity, higher braking and propulsive anterior-posterior impulse and shorter step width than inactive individuals. Groups sought more balance and safety after lower limb muscle fatigue. Physical activity level does not appear to modify the effects of lower limb muscle fatigue during unobstructed walking in individuals with PD or controls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lucas Simieli
- UNESP, Univ Estadual Paulista at Rio Claro - LEPLO, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaap H van Dieën
- MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fabio Augusto Barbieri
- UNESP, Univ Estadual Paulista at Rio Claro - LEPLO, São Paulo, Brazil; UNESP, Univ Estadual Paulista at Bauru - UNESP - LIVIA, São Paulo, Brazil
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Barbieri FA, Beretta SS, Pereira VAI, Simieli L, Orcioli-Silva D, dos Santos PCR, van Dieën JH, Gobbi LTB. Recovery of gait after quadriceps muscle fatigue. Gait Posture 2016; 43:270-4. [PMID: 26531768 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of recovery time after quadriceps muscle fatigue on gait in young adults. Forty young adults (20-40 years old) performed three 8-m gait trials at preferred velocity before and after muscle fatigue, and after 5, 10 and 20min of passive rest. In addition, at each time point, two maximal isometric voluntary contractions were preformed. Muscle fatigue was induced by repeated sit-to-stand transfers until task failure. Spatio-temporal, kinetic and muscle activity parameters, measured in the central stride of each trial, were analyzed. Data were compared between before and after the muscle fatigue protocol and after the recovery periods by one-way repeated measures ANOVA. The voluntary force was decreased after the fatigue protocol (p<0.001) and after 5, 10 and 20min of recovery compared to before the fatigue protocol. Step width (p<0.001) and RMS of biceps femoris (p<0.05) were increased immediately after the fatigue protocol and remained increased after the recovery periods. In addition, stride duration was decreased immediately after the fatigue protocol compared to before and to after 10 and 20min of rest (p<0.001). The anterior-posterior propulsive impulse was also decreased after the fatigue protocol (p<0.001) and remained low after 5, 10 and 20min of rest. We conclude that 20min is not enough to see full recovery of gait after exhaustive quadriceps muscle fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Augusto Barbieri
- Univ Estadual Paulista, Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory, Rio Claro, Brazil; Univ Estadual Paulista, Laboratory of Information, Vision, and Action, Bauru, Brazil.
| | | | - Vinicius A I Pereira
- Univ Estadual Paulista, Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory, Rio Claro, Brazil; Univ Estadual Paulista, Laboratory of Information, Vision, and Action, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Lucas Simieli
- Univ Estadual Paulista, Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Diego Orcioli-Silva
- Univ Estadual Paulista, Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | | | - Jaap H van Dieën
- MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Drijkoningen D, Caeyenberghs K, Vander Linden C, Van Herpe K, Duysens J, Swinnen SP. Associations between Muscle Strength Asymmetry and Impairments in Gait and Posture in Young Brain-Injured Patients. J Neurotrauma 2015; 32:1324-32. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2014.3787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Drijkoningen
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Caeyenberghs
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Child Rehabilitation Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Katrin Van Herpe
- Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience & Disease (LIND), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jacques Duysens
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephan P. Swinnen
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
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Shin S, Demura S, Watanabe T, Yabumoto T, Shi B, Sakakibara N, Matsuoka T. Age-related and obstacle height-related differences in movements while stepping over obstacles. J Physiol Anthropol 2015; 34:15. [PMID: 25858809 PMCID: PMC4408567 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-015-0052-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to examine age-related and obstacle height-related differences in movements while stepping over obstacles. Methods The participants included 16 elderly and nine young women. Obstacles that were either 5 or 20 cm high were positioned at the center of a 4-m walking path. The participants were instructed to walk along the path as quickly as possible. The participants’ movements were analyzed using a three-dimensional motion analysis system that recorded their movements as they walked and stepped over the obstacles. Results and conclusions Seven joint angles and the distances between the ground and six markers were examined in the initial contact and swing instants of the leading and trailing limbs. In the initial contact instant, the elderly women prepared for stepping with a lower toe height than the young women when stepping over the 20-cm obstacle. Trunk rotation was greater in the young women than in the elderly women. In the swing instant, the elderly women showed greater ankle dorsiflexion and hip adduction angles for the leading limb when stepping over the 20-cm obstacle. They moved the trailing limb with increased ankle dorsiflexion, knee flexion, hip flexion, and foot inversion to ensure that they did not touch the obstacle as they stepped over it. These movement patterns are characteristic of elderly individuals who cannot easily lift their lower limbs because of decreased lower-limb strength.
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Muir BC, Haddad JM, Heijnen MJH, Rietdyk S. Proactive gait strategies to mitigate risk of obstacle contact are more prevalent with advancing age. Gait Posture 2015; 41:233-9. [PMID: 25455212 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to determine if healthy older adults adopt strategies to decrease the likelihood of obstacle contact, and to determine how these strategies are modified as a function of advancing age. Three age groups were examined: 20-25 yo (N = 19), 65-79 yo (N = 11), and 80-91 yo (N = 18). Participants stepped over a stationary, visible obstacle on a walkway. Step length and gait speed progressively decreased with advancing age; the shorter step length resulted in closer foot placement to the obstacle and an associated increased risk of obstacle contact. Lead (first limb to cross the obstacle) and trail (second) limb trajectories were examined for behavior that mitigated the risk of contact. (1) Consistent trail foot placement before the obstacle across all ages allowed space and time for the trail foot to clear the obstacle. (2) To avoid lead limb contact due to closer foot placement before and after the obstacle, the lead toe was raised more vertically after toe-off, and then the foot was extended beyond the landing position (termed lead overshoot) and retracted backwards to achieve the shortened step length. Lead overshoot progressively increased with advancing age. (3) Head angle was progressively lower with advancing age, an apparent attempt to gather more visual information during approach. Overall, a series of proactive strategies were adopted to mitigate risk of contact. However, the larger, more abrupt movements associated with a more vertical foot trajectory and lead overshoot may compromise whole body balance, indicating a possible trade-off between risk of contact and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Muir
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Center on Aging and the Life Course, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - J M Haddad
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Center on Aging and the Life Course, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - M J H Heijnen
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - S Rietdyk
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Center on Aging and the Life Course, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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Brustio PR, Magistro D, Liubicich ME. Changes in temporal parameters during performance of the Step Test in older adults. Gait Posture 2015; 41:217-21. [PMID: 25455210 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the changes in the temporal parameters measured during the performance of the Step Test, to evaluate the relationship between age and these measurements and to determine their relationships to aerobic endurance, muscular strength and mobility in a sample of older adults. Eighty-eight older adults (mean age = 73.0 years, SD = 5.4) participated in the study. During the Step Test, we collected measurements of the following temporal parameters using the Optojump system: step number, support time and executive time. We also evaluated the performance of the Six-Minute Walk Test, the 30-Second Chair Rise Test and the Timed Up and Go Test. We observed a significant decrease in the step number and an increase in the support time and executive time (p = .001) during each minute of the test. The results revealed that the relationship between age and Step Test performance was attenuated when we controlled for potential confounding variables. Controlling for age, gender and BMI, variance in support time during the Step Test was accounted for by variance in 30-Second Chair Rise Test performance (partial r = -.224). Moreover, variance in executive time was accounted for by variance in 30-Second Chair Rise Test (partial r = .234) and Timed Up and Go Test performance (partial r = -.259). Understanding the factors that are associated with the performance of the Step Test may provide new insights into the development of specific intervention programmes for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo R Brustio
- SUISM, University of Torino, Italy; Department of Psychology, University of Torino, Italy.
| | - Daniele Magistro
- Department of Psychology, University of Torino, Italy; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, IDAC, Tohoku University, Japan.
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