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Dartois V, Bonfield TL, Boyce JP, Daley CL, Dick T, Gonzalez-Juarrero M, Gupta S, Kramnik I, Lamichhane G, Laughon BE, Lorè NI, Malcolm KC, Olivier KN, Tuggle KL, Jackson M. Preclinical murine models for the testing of antimicrobials against Mycobacterium abscessus pulmonary infections: Current practices and recommendations. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2024; 147:102503. [PMID: 38729070 PMCID: PMC11168888 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2024.102503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus, a rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacterium, is increasingly recognized as an important pathogen of the human lung, disproportionally affecting people with cystic fibrosis (CF) and other susceptible individuals with non-CF bronchiectasis and compromised immune functions. M. abscessus infections are extremely difficult to treat due to intrinsic resistance to many antibiotics, including most anti-tuberculous drugs. Current standard-of-care chemotherapy is long, includes multiple oral and parenteral repurposed drugs, and is associated with significant toxicity. The development of more effective oral antibiotics to treat M. abscessus infections has thus emerged as a high priority. While murine models have proven instrumental in predicting the efficacy of therapeutic treatments for M. tuberculosis infections, the preclinical evaluation of drugs against M. abscessus infections has proven more challenging due to the difficulty of establishing a progressive, sustained, pulmonary infection with this pathogen in mice. To address this issue, a series of three workshops were hosted in 2023 by the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (CFF) and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) to review the current murine models of M. abscessus infections, discuss current challenges and identify priorities toward establishing validated and globally harmonized preclinical models. This paper summarizes the key points from these workshops. The hope is that the recommendations that emerged from this exercise will facilitate the implementation of informative murine models of therapeutic efficacy testing across laboratories, improve reproducibility from lab-to-lab and accelerate preclinical-to-clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Dartois
- Center for Discovery and Innovation & Department of Medical Sciences, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA.
| | - Tracey L Bonfield
- Genetics and Genome Sciences and National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jim P Boyce
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Charles L Daley
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Thomas Dick
- Center for Discovery and Innovation & Department of Medical Sciences, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mercedes Gonzalez-Juarrero
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1682, USA
| | - Shashank Gupta
- Laboratory of Chronic Airway Infection, Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Igor Kramnik
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Gyanu Lamichhane
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Barbara E Laughon
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicola I Lorè
- Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Kenneth C Malcolm
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kenneth N Olivier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, University of North Carolina, USA; Marsico Lung Institute, Chapel Hill, 27599-7248, NC, USA
| | | | - Mary Jackson
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1682, USA.
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2
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Lei L, Pan W, Shou X, Shao Y, Ye S, Zhang J, Kolliputi N, Shi L. Nanomaterials-assisted gene editing and synthetic biology for optimizing the treatment of pulmonary diseases. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:343. [PMID: 38890749 PMCID: PMC11186260 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02627-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of nanomaterials in gene editing and synthetic biology has emerged as a pivotal strategy in the pursuit of refined treatment methodologies for pulmonary disorders. This review discusses the utilization of nanomaterial-assisted gene editing tools and synthetic biology techniques to promote the development of more precise and efficient treatments for pulmonary diseases. First, we briefly outline the characterization of the respiratory system and succinctly describe the principal applications of diverse nanomaterials in lung ailment treatment. Second, we elaborate on gene-editing tools, their configurations, and assorted delivery methods, while delving into the present state of nanomaterial-facilitated gene-editing interventions for a spectrum of pulmonary diseases. Subsequently, we briefly expound on synthetic biology and its deployment in biomedicine, focusing on research advances in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary conditions against the backdrop of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Finally, we summarize the extant lacunae in current research and delineate prospects for advancement in this domain. This holistic approach augments the development of pioneering solutions in lung disease treatment, thereby endowing patients with more efficacious and personalized therapeutic alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanjie Lei
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310015, China
| | - Wenjie Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, China
| | - Xin Shou
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310015, China
| | - Yunyuan Shao
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310015, China
| | - Shuxuan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310015, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Medical Microbiology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Narasaiah Kolliputi
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Liyun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310015, China.
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3
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Sun Y, Chatterjee S, Lian X, Traylor Z, Sattiraju SR, Xiao Y, Dilliard SA, Sung YC, Kim M, Lee SM, Moore S, Wang X, Zhang D, Wu S, Basak P, Wang J, Liu J, Mann RJ, LePage DF, Jiang W, Abid S, Hennig M, Martinez A, Wustman BA, Lockhart DJ, Jain R, Conlon RA, Drumm ML, Hodges CA, Siegwart DJ. In vivo editing of lung stem cells for durable gene correction in mice. Science 2024; 384:1196-1202. [PMID: 38870301 DOI: 10.1126/science.adk9428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
In vivo genome correction holds promise for generating durable disease cures; yet, effective stem cell editing remains challenging. In this work, we demonstrate that optimized lung-targeting lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) enable high levels of genome editing in stem cells, yielding durable responses. Intravenously administered gene-editing LNPs in activatable tdTomato mice achieved >70% lung stem cell editing, sustaining tdTomato expression in >80% of lung epithelial cells for 660 days. Addressing cystic fibrosis (CF), NG-ABE8e messenger RNA (mRNA)-sgR553X LNPs mediated >95% cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) DNA correction, restored CFTR function in primary patient-derived bronchial epithelial cells equivalent to Trikafta for F508del, corrected intestinal organoids and corrected R553X nonsense mutations in 50% of lung stem cells in CF mice. These findings introduce LNP-enabled tissue stem cell editing for disease-modifying genome correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehui Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sumanta Chatterjee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xizhen Lian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Zachary Traylor
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | | | - Yufen Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sean A Dilliard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yun-Chieh Sung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Minjeong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sang M Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Stephen Moore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shiying Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Pratima Basak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jialu Wang
- ReCode Therapeutics, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- ReCode Therapeutics, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Rachel J Mann
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - David F LePage
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Weihong Jiang
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Shadaan Abid
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Raksha Jain
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ronald A Conlon
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mitchell L Drumm
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Craig A Hodges
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Daniel J Siegwart
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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4
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Banda A, Impomeni O, Singh A, Baloch AR, Hu W, Jaijyan DK. Precision in Action: The Role of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/Cas in Gene Therapies. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:636. [PMID: 38932365 PMCID: PMC11209408 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR)-associated enzyme-CAS holds great promise for treating many uncured human diseases and illnesses by precisely correcting harmful point mutations and disrupting disease-causing genes. The recent Food and Drug Association (FDA) approval of the first CRISPR-based gene therapy for sickle cell anemia marks the beginning of a new era in gene editing. However, delivering CRISPR specifically into diseased cells in vivo is a significant challenge and an area of intense research. The identification of new CRISPR/Cas variants, particularly ultra-compact CAS systems with robust gene editing activities, paves the way for the low-capacity delivery vectors to be used in gene therapies. CRISPR/Cas technology has evolved beyond editing DNA to cover a wide spectrum of functionalities, including RNA targeting, disease diagnosis, transcriptional/epigenetic regulation, chromatin imaging, high-throughput screening, and new disease modeling. CRISPR/Cas can be used to engineer B-cells to produce potent antibodies for more effective vaccines and enhance CAR T-cells for the more precise and efficient targeting of tumor cells. However, CRISPR/Cas technology has challenges, including off-target effects, toxicity, immune responses, and inadequate tissue-specific delivery. Overcoming these challenges necessitates the development of a more effective and specific CRISPR/Cas delivery system. This entails strategically utilizing specific gRNAs in conjunction with robust CRISPR/Cas variants to mitigate off-target effects. This review seeks to delve into the intricacies of the CRISPR/Cas mechanism, explore progress in gene therapies, evaluate gene delivery systems, highlight limitations, outline necessary precautions, and scrutinize the ethical considerations associated with its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrutha Banda
- Department of Biology, The College of New Jersey, Ewing Township, NJ 08618, USA
| | - Olivia Impomeni
- Department of Biology, The College of New Jersey, Ewing Township, NJ 08618, USA
| | - Aparana Singh
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Agartala 799046, India;
| | - Abdul Rasheed Baloch
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
| | - Dabbu Kumar Jaijyan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
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5
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Bardin E, Pranke I, Hinzpeter A, Sermet-Gaudelus I. [Therapeutics in cystic fibrosis: Clinical revolution and new challenges]. Med Sci (Paris) 2024; 40:258-267. [PMID: 38520101 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2024014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Over time, cystic fibrosis has become a model of synergy between research in pathophysiology and cell biology, and clinical advances. Therapies targeting the CFTR protein, in particular CFTR modulators, have transformed the prognosis of patients, bringing the hope of a normal life with the possibility of starting a family and growing old, challenging established statistics. However, patients are not yet cured, and side effects remain insufficiently documented. Epidemiological changes create new challenges for the management of cystic fibrosis. Approximately 10 % of patients still lack a therapeutic option. The community of researchers, pharmaceutical industries, patient associations, and health authorities remains committed to monitor the long-term effects of these still poorly characterised treatments, and to explore new pharmacological approaches, such as gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Bardin
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Iwona Pranke
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Hinzpeter
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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6
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Corrao F, Kelly-Aubert M, Sermet-Gaudelus I, Semeraro M. Unmet challenges in cystic fibrosis treatment with modulators. Expert Rev Respir Med 2024; 18:145-157. [PMID: 38755109 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2024.2357210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION 'Highly effective' modulator therapies (HEMTs) have radically changed the Cystic Fibrosis (CF) therapeutic landscape. AREAS COVERED A comprehensive search strategy was undertaken to assess impact of HEMT in life of pwCF, treatment challenges in specific populations such as very young children, and current knowledge gaps. EXPERT OPINION HEMTs are prescribed for pwCF with definite genotypes. The heterogeneity of variants complicates treatment possibilities and around 10% of pwCF worldwide remains ineligible. Genotype-specific treatments are prompting theratyping and personalized medicine strategies. Improvement in lung function and quality of life increase survival rates, shifting CF from a pediatric to an adult disease. This implies new studies addressing long-term efficacy, side effects, emergence of adult co-morbidities and possible drug-drug interactions. More sensitive and predictive biomarkers for both efficacy and toxicity are warranted. As HEMTs cross the placenta and are found in breast milk, studies addressing the potential consequences of treatment during pregnancy and breastfeeding are urgently needed. Finally, although the treatment and expected outcomes of CF have improved dramatically in high- and middle-income countries, lack of access in low-income countries to these life-changing medicines highlights inequity of care worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Corrao
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- INSERM, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | | | - Isabelle Sermet-Gaudelus
- INSERM, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Mucoviscidose et maladies apparentées. Site constitutif, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- European Reference Lung Center, Frankfurt, Germany
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Michaela Semeraro
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Centre Investigation Clinique, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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Jiang AY, Witten J, Raji IO, Eweje F, MacIsaac C, Meng S, Oladimeji FA, Hu Y, Manan RS, Langer R, Anderson DG. Combinatorial development of nebulized mRNA delivery formulations for the lungs. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 19:364-375. [PMID: 37985700 PMCID: PMC10954414 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01548-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Inhaled delivery of mRNA has the potential to treat a wide variety of diseases. However, nebulized mRNA lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) face several unique challenges including stability during nebulization and penetration through both cellular and extracellular barriers. Here we develop a combinatorial approach addressing these barriers. First, we observe that LNP formulations can be stabilized to resist nebulization-induced aggregation by altering the nebulization buffer to increase the LNP charge during nebulization, and by the addition of a branched polymeric excipient. Next, we synthesize a combinatorial library of ionizable, degradable lipids using reductive amination, and evaluate their delivery potential using fully differentiated air-liquid interface cultured primary lung epithelial cells. The final combination of ionizable lipid, charge-stabilized formulation and stability-enhancing excipient yields a significant improvement in lung mRNA delivery over current state-of-the-art LNPs and polymeric nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Y Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jacob Witten
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Idris O Raji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Feyisayo Eweje
- Harvard and MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard/MIT MD-PhD Program, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Corina MacIsaac
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard and MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sabrina Meng
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Favour A Oladimeji
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yizong Hu
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rajith S Manan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard and MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel G Anderson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard and MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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8
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Yeh HI, Sutcliffe KJ, Sheppard DN, Hwang TC. CFTR Modulators: From Mechanism to Targeted Therapeutics. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024; 283:219-247. [PMID: 35972584 DOI: 10.1007/164_2022_597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
People with cystic fibrosis (CF) suffer from a multi-organ disorder caused by loss-of-function variants in the gene encoding the epithelial anion channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Tremendous progress has been made in both basic and clinical sciences over the past three decades since the identification of the CFTR gene. Over 90% of people with CF now have access to therapies targeting dysfunctional CFTR. This success was made possible by numerous studies in the field that incrementally paved the way for the development of small molecules known as CFTR modulators. The advent of CFTR modulators transformed this life-threatening illness into a treatable disease by directly binding to the CFTR protein and correcting defects induced by pathogenic variants. In this chapter, we trace the trajectory of structural and functional studies that brought CF therapies from bench to bedside, with an emphasis on mechanistic understanding of CFTR modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-I Yeh
- Department of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Katy J Sutcliffe
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David N Sheppard
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tzyh-Chang Hwang
- Department of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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9
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Wei T, Sun Y, Cheng Q, Chatterjee S, Traylor Z, Johnson LT, Coquelin ML, Wang J, Torres MJ, Lian X, Wang X, Xiao Y, Hodges CA, Siegwart DJ. Lung SORT LNPs enable precise homology-directed repair mediated CRISPR/Cas genome correction in cystic fibrosis models. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7322. [PMID: 37951948 PMCID: PMC10640563 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42948-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 10% of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients, particularly those with CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene nonsense mutations, lack effective treatments. The potential of gene correction therapy through delivery of the CRISPR/Cas system to CF-relevant organs/cells is hindered by the lack of efficient genome editor delivery carriers. Herein, we report improved Lung Selective Organ Targeting Lipid Nanoparticles (SORT LNPs) for efficient delivery of Cas9 mRNA, sgRNA, and donor ssDNA templates, enabling precise homology-directed repair-mediated gene correction in CF models. Optimized Lung SORT LNPs deliver mRNA to lung basal cells in Ai9 reporter mice. SORT LNP treatment successfully corrected the CFTR mutations in homozygous G542X mice and in patient-derived human bronchial epithelial cells with homozygous F508del mutations, leading to the restoration of CFTR protein expression and chloride transport function. This proof-of-concept study will contribute to accelerating the clinical development of mRNA LNPs for CF treatment through CRISPR/Cas gene correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yehui Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Qiang Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sumanta Chatterjee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Zachary Traylor
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lindsay T Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Jialu Wang
- ReCode Therapeutics, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | - Xizhen Lian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yufen Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Craig A Hodges
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Daniel J Siegwart
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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10
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Oliver KE, Carlon MS, Pedemonte N, Lopes-Pacheco M. The revolution of personalized pharmacotherapies for cystic fibrosis: what does the future hold? Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023; 24:1545-1565. [PMID: 37379072 PMCID: PMC10528905 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2023.2230129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cystic fibrosis (CF), a potentially fatal genetic disease, is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding for the CFTR chloride/bicarbonate channel. Modulator drugs rescuing mutant CFTR traffic and function are now in the clinic, providing unprecedented breakthrough therapies for people with CF (PwCF) carrying specific genotypes. However, several CFTR variants are unresponsive to these therapies. AREA COVERED We discussed several therapeutic approaches that are under development to tackle the fundamental cause of CF, including strategies targeting defective CFTR mRNA and/or protein expression and function. Alternatively, defective chloride secretion and dehydration in CF epithelia could be restored by exploiting pharmacological modulation of alternative targets, i.e., ion channels/transporters that concur with CFTR to maintain the airway surface liquid homeostasis (e.g., ENaC, TMEM16A, SLC26A4, SLC26A9, and ATP12A). Finally, we assessed progress and challenges in the development of gene-based therapies to replace or correct the mutant CFTR gene. EXPERT OPINION CFTR modulators are benefiting many PwCF responsive to these drugs, yielding substantial improvements in various clinical outcomes. Meanwhile, the CF therapy development pipeline continues to expand with the development of novel CFTR modulators and alternative therapeutic strategies with the ultimate goal of providing effective therapies for all PwCF in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E. Oliver
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Marianne S. Carlon
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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11
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Egan ME. Non-Modulator Therapies: Developing a Therapy for Every Cystic Fibrosis Patient. Clin Chest Med 2022; 43:717-725. [PMID: 36344076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator therapy brings hope to most patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), but not all. For approximately 12% of CF patients with premature termination codon mutations, large deletions, insertions, and frameshifts, the CFTR modulator therapy is not effective. Many believe that genetic-based therapies such as RNA therapies, DNA therapies, and gene editing technologies will be needed to treat mutations that are not responsive to modulator therapy. Delivery of these therapeutic agents to affected cells is the major challenge that will need to be overcome if we are to harness the power of these emerging therapies for the treatment of CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie E Egan
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy Immunology Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Pulmonary Allergy Immunology and Sleep Medicine, Yale Cystic Fibrosis Center, School of Medicine, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208064, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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12
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Piotrowski-Daspit AS, Barone C, Lin CY, Deng Y, Wu D, Binns TC, Xu E, Ricciardi AS, Putman R, Garrison A, Nguyen R, Gupta A, Fan R, Glazer PM, Saltzman WM, Egan ME. In vivo correction of cystic fibrosis mediated by PNA nanoparticles. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo0522. [PMID: 36197984 PMCID: PMC9534507 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo0522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. We sought to correct the multiple organ dysfunction of the F508del CF-causing mutation using systemic delivery of peptide nucleic acid gene editing technology mediated by biocompatible polymeric nanoparticles. We confirmed phenotypic and genotypic modification in vitro in primary nasal epithelial cells from F508del mice grown at air-liquid interface and in vivo in F508del mice following intravenous delivery. In vivo treatment resulted in a partial gain of CFTR function in epithelia as measured by in situ potential differences and Ussing chamber assays and correction of CFTR in both airway and GI tissues with no off-target effects above background. Our studies demonstrate that systemic gene editing is possible, and more specifically that intravenous delivery of PNA NPs designed to correct CF-causing mutations is a viable option to ameliorate CF in multiple affected organs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Barone
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Chun-Yu Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Yanxiang Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Douglas Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Thomas C. Binns
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Emily Xu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Adele S. Ricciardi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Rachael Putman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Alannah Garrison
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Richard Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Anisha Gupta
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Peter M. Glazer
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - W. Mark Saltzman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Marie E. Egan
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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13
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Langmüller AM, Champer J, Lapinska S, Xie L, Metzloff M, Champer SE, Liu J, Xu Y, Du J, Clark AG, Messer PW. Fitness effects of CRISPR endonucleases in Drosophila melanogaster populations. eLife 2022; 11:e71809. [PMID: 36135925 PMCID: PMC9545523 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 provides a highly efficient and flexible genome editing technology with numerous potential applications ranging from gene therapy to population control. Some proposed applications involve the integration of CRISPR/Cas9 endonucleases into an organism's genome, which raises questions about potentially harmful effects to the transgenic individuals. One example for which this is particularly relevant are CRISPR-based gene drives conceived for the genetic alteration of entire populations. The performance of such drives can strongly depend on fitness costs experienced by drive carriers, yet relatively little is known about the magnitude and causes of these costs. Here, we assess the fitness effects of genomic CRISPR/Cas9 expression in Drosophila melanogaster cage populations by tracking allele frequencies of four different transgenic constructs that allow us to disentangle 'direct' fitness costs due to the integration, expression, and target-site activity of Cas9, from fitness costs due to potential off-target cleavage. Using a maximum likelihood framework, we find that a model with no direct fitness costs but moderate costs due to off-target effects fits our cage data best. Consistent with this, we do not observe fitness costs for a construct with Cas9HF1, a high-fidelity version of Cas9. We further demonstrate that using Cas9HF1 instead of standard Cas9 in a homing drive achieves similar drive conversion efficiency. These results suggest that gene drives should be designed with high-fidelity endonucleases and may have implications for other applications that involve genomic integration of CRISPR endonucleases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Langmüller
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
- Institut für Populationsgenetik, Vetmeduni ViennaViennaAustria
- Vienna Graduate School of Population Genetics, Vetmeduni ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Jackson Champer
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
- Center for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Sandra Lapinska
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - Matthew Metzloff
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - Samuel E Champer
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - Jingxian Liu
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - Yineng Xu
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - Jie Du
- Center for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Andrew G Clark
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - Philipp W Messer
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
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14
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Wan T, Zhong J, Pan Q, Zhou T, Ping Y, Liu X. Exosome-mediated delivery of Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes for tissue-specific gene therapy of liver diseases. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabp9435. [PMID: 36103526 PMCID: PMC9473578 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abp9435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing has emerged as a powerful therapeutic technology, but the lack of safe and efficient in vivo delivery systems, especially for tissue-specific vectors, limits its broad clinical applications. Delivery of Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) owns competitive advantages over other options; however, the large size of RNPs exceeds the loading capacity of currently available delivery vectors. Here, we report a previously unidentified genome editing delivery system, named exosomeRNP, in which Cas9 RNPs were loaded into purified exosomes isolated from hepatic stellate cells through electroporation. ExosomeRNP facilitated effective cytosolic delivery of RNP in vitro while specifically accumulated in the liver tissue in vivo. ExosomeRNP showed vigorous therapeutic potential in acute liver injury, chronic liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma mouse models via targeting p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), cyclin E1 (CcnE1), and K (lysine) acetyltransferase 5 (KAT5), respectively. The developed exosomeRNP provides a feasible platform for precise and tissue-specific gene therapies of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wan
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiafeng Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Gastroenterology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Qi Pan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tianhua Zhou
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Corresponding author. (X.L.); (Y.P.); (T.Z.)
| | - Yuan Ping
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Corresponding author. (X.L.); (Y.P.); (T.Z.)
| | - Xiangrui Liu
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Gastroenterology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Corresponding author. (X.L.); (Y.P.); (T.Z.)
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15
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Fajac I, Sermet-Gaudelus I. Emerging medicines to improve the basic defect in cystic fibrosis. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2022; 27:229-239. [PMID: 35731915 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2022.2092612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a severe autosomal recessive disorder featuring exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and bronchiectasis. It is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR) encoding the CFTR protein, which is an anion channel. CF treatment has long been based only on intensive symptomatic treatment. During the last 10 years, new drugs called CFTR modulators aiming at restoring the CFTR protein function have become available, and they will benefit around 80% of patients with CF. However, more than 10% of CFTR mutations do not produce any CFTR protein for CFTR modulators to act upon. AREAS COVERED The development of CFTR modulators and their effectiveness in patients with CF will be reviewed. Then, the different strategies to treat patients bearing mutations non-responsive to CFTR modulators will be covered. They comprise DNA- and RNA-based therapies, readthrough agents for nonsense mutations, and cell-based therapies. EXPERT OPINION CF disease has changed tremendously since the advent of CFTR modulators. For mutations that are not amenable to CFTR modulators, new approaches that are being developed benefit from advances in molecular therapy, but many challenges will have to be solved before they can be safely translated to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Fajac
- AP-HP. Centre - Université Paris Cité; Hôpital Cochin, Centre de Référence Maladie Rare- Mucoviscidose, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Sermet-Gaudelus
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U 1151, Paris, France.,AP-HP. Centre - Université Paris Cité; Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Centre de Référence Maladie Rare - Mucoviscidose, Paris, France
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16
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Anticipating New Treatments for Cystic Fibrosis: A Global Survey of Researchers. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051283. [PMID: 35268374 PMCID: PMC8911007 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is a life-threatening disease that affects at least 100,000 people worldwide. It is caused by a defect in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene and presently, 360 CFTR-causing mutations have been identified. Since the discovery of the CFTR gene, the expectation of developing treatments that can substantially increase the quality of life or even cure cystic fibrosis patients is growing. Yet, it is still uncertain today which developing treatments will be successful against cystic fibrosis. This study addresses this gap by assessing the opinions of over 524 cystic fibrosis researchers who participated in a global web-based survey. For most respondents, CFTR modulator therapies are the most likely to succeed in treating cystic fibrosis in the next 15 years, especially through the use of CFTR modulator combinations. Most respondents also believe that fixing or replacing the CFTR gene will lead to a cure for cystic fibrosis within 15 years, with CRISPR-Cas9 being the most likely genetic tool for this purpose.
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17
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Schoger E, Lelek S, Panáková D, Zelarayán LC. Tailoring Cardiac Synthetic Transcriptional Modulation Towards Precision Medicine. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:783072. [PMID: 35097003 PMCID: PMC8795974 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.783072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular and genetic differences between individual cells within tissues underlie cellular heterogeneities defining organ physiology and function in homeostasis as well as in disease states. Transcriptional control of endogenous gene expression has been intensively studied for decades. Thanks to a fast-developing field of single cell genomics, we are facing an unprecedented leap in information available pertaining organ biology offering a comprehensive overview. The single-cell technologies that arose aided in resolving the precise cellular composition of many organ systems in the past years. Importantly, when applied to diseased tissues, the novel approaches have been immensely improving our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of common human diseases. With this information, precise prediction of regulatory elements controlling gene expression upon perturbations in a given cell type or a specific context will be realistic. Simultaneously, the technological advances in CRISPR-mediated regulation of gene transcription as well as their application in the context of epigenome modulation, have opened up novel avenues for targeted therapy and personalized medicine. Here, we discuss the fast-paced advancements during the recent years and the applications thereof in the context of cardiac biology and common cardiac disease. The combination of single cell technologies and the deep knowledge of fundamental biology of the diseased heart together with the CRISPR-mediated modulation of gene regulatory networks will be instrumental in tailoring the right strategies for personalized and precision medicine in the near future. In this review, we provide a brief overview of how single cell transcriptomics has advanced our knowledge and paved the way for emerging CRISPR/Cas9-technologies in clinical applications in cardiac biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Schoger
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: From Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells”, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sara Lelek
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Panáková
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Daniela Panáková
| | - Laura Cecilia Zelarayán
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: From Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells”, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Laura Cecilia Zelarayán
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18
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Braga LAM, Conte Filho CG, Mota FB. Future of genetic therapies for rare genetic diseases: what to expect for the next 15 years? THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN RARE DISEASE 2022; 3:26330040221100840. [PMID: 37180410 PMCID: PMC10032453 DOI: 10.1177/26330040221100840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Rare genetic diseases affect millions of people worldwide. Most of them are caused by defective genes that impair quality of life and can lead to premature death. As genetic therapies aim to fix or replace defective genes, they are considered the most promising treatment for rare genetic diseases. Yet, as these therapies are still under development, it is still unclear whether they will be successful in treating these diseases. This study aims to address this gap by assessing researchers' opinions on the future of genetic therapies for the treatment of rare genetic diseases. Methods We conducted a global cross-sectional web-based survey of researchers who recently authored peer-reviewed articles related to rare genetic diseases. Results We assessed the opinions of 1430 researchers with high and good knowledge about genetic therapies for the treatment of rare genetic diseases. Overall, the respondents believed that genetic therapies would be the standard of care for rare genetic diseases before 2036, leading to cures after this period. CRISPR-Cas9 was considered the most likely approach to fixing or replacing defective genes in the next 15 years. The respondents with good knowledge believed that genetic therapies would only have long-lasting effects after 2036, while those with high knowledge were divided on this issue. The respondents with good knowledge on the subject believed that non-viral vectors are more likely to be successful in fixing or replacing defective genes in the next 15 years, while most of the respondents with high knowledge believed viral vectors would be more successful. Conclusion Overall, the researchers who participated in this study expect that in the future genetic therapies will greatly benefit the treatment of patients with rare genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fabio Batista Mota
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo
Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Pavilhão 108,
Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21040-360, Brazil
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19
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Therapeutic pipeline for individuals with cystic fibrosis with mutations nonresponsive to current cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator modulators. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2021; 27:567-574. [PMID: 34494979 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000000827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cystic fibrosis is a severe autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR) encoding the CFTR protein, a chloride channel expressed in many epithelial cells. New drugs called CFTR modulators aim at restoring the CFTR protein function and they will benefit most of the patients with cystic fibrosis in the near future. However, more than 10% of CFTR mutations do not produce any CFTR protein for CFTR modulators to act upon, and the purpose of this review is to provide an overview of different approaches pursued to treat patients bearing mutations nonresponsive to CFTR modulators. RECENT FINDINGS These different approaches constitute readthrough agents for nonsense mutations, nucleic acid-based therapies, RNA-based or DNA-based, and cell-based therapies. Some approaches using mRNA or cDNA combined with a delivery vehicle are mutation-agnostic therapies. Other approaches, such as the use of tRNA, antisense oligonucleotides, gene editing or cell-based therapies are mutation-specific therapies. SUMMARY Most of these approaches are in preclinical development or for some of them, early clinical phases. Many hurdles and challenges will have to be solved before they can be safely translated to patients.
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20
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Therapeutic Approaches for Patients with Cystic Fibrosis Not Eligible for Current CFTR Modulators. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102793. [PMID: 34685773 PMCID: PMC8534516 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is a severe autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene encoding the CFTR protein, a chloride channel expressed in many epithelial cells. New drugs called CFTR modulators aim at restoring the CFTR protein function, and they will benefit many patients with cystic fibrosis in the near future. However, some patients bear rare mutations that are not yet eligible for CFTR modulators, although they might be amenable to these new disease-modifying drugs. Moreover, more than 10% of CFTR mutations do not produce any CFTR protein for CFTR modulators to act upon. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of different approaches pursued to treat patients bearing mutations ineligible for CFTR modulators. One approach is to broaden the numbers of mutations eligible for CFTR modulators. This requires developing strategies to evaluate drugs in populations bearing very rare genotypes. Other approaches aiming at correcting the CFTR defect develop new mutation-specific or mutation-agnostic therapies for mutations that do not produce a CFTR protein: readthrough agents for nonsense mutations, nucleic acid-based therapies, RNA- or DNA-based, and cell-based therapies. Most of these approaches are in pre-clinical development or, for some of them, early clinical phases. Many hurdles and challenges will have to be solved before they can be safely translated to patients.
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21
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Calderón M, Hedtrich S. The Delivery Challenge of Genome Editing in Human Epithelia. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100847. [PMID: 34165913 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite exciting advances in gene editing, their clinical translation is still hampered by the lack of delivery systems that can encapsulate and deliver gene editing tools like CRISPR-Cas9 or prime editors to the target side. This is particularly challenging in human epithelia, such as the skin and the lung; the latter of which being a mucosal surface that is covered by a mucus layer. In this perspective, the design and biological assessment of delivery systems for gene editing tools like CRISPR in skin and mucosal surfaces are discussed. The current state-of-the-art, current knowledge, and translational gaps, and guide toward improved translation are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Calderón
- POLYMAT Applied Chemistry Department Faculty of Chemistry University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3 Donostia‐San Sebastián 20018 Spain
- IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao 48009 Spain
| | - Sarah Hedtrich
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of British Columbia 2405 Wesbrook Mall Vancouver BC V6T1Z3 Canada
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22
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Tong Y, Zhang S, Riddle S, Zhang L, Song R, Yue D. Intrauterine Hypoxia and Epigenetic Programming in Lung Development and Disease. Biomedicines 2021; 9:944. [PMID: 34440150 PMCID: PMC8394854 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinically, intrauterine hypoxia is the foremost cause of perinatal morbidity and developmental plasticity in the fetus and newborn infant. Under hypoxia, deviations occur in the lung cell epigenome. Epigenetic mechanisms (e.g., DNA methylation, histone modification, and miRNA expression) control phenotypic programming and are associated with physiological responses and the risk of developmental disorders, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia. This developmental disorder is the most frequent chronic pulmonary complication in preterm labor. The pathogenesis of this disease involves many factors, including aberrant oxygen conditions and mechanical ventilation-mediated lung injury, infection/inflammation, and epigenetic/genetic risk factors. This review is focused on various aspects related to intrauterine hypoxia and epigenetic programming in lung development and disease, summarizes our current knowledge of hypoxia-induced epigenetic programming and discusses potential therapeutic interventions for lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Tong
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China;
| | - Shuqing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China;
| | - Suzette Riddle
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA;
| | - Rui Song
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA;
| | - Dongmei Yue
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China;
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23
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Potential of helper-dependent Adenoviral vectors in CRISPR-cas9-mediated lung gene therapy. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:145. [PMID: 34301308 PMCID: PMC8305863 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00662-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since CRISPR/Cas9 was harnessed to edit DNA, the field of gene therapy has witnessed great advances in gene editing. New avenues were created for the treatment of diseases such as Cystic Fibrosis (CF). CF is caused by mutations in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene. Despite the success of gene editing with the CRISPR/Cas9 in vitro, challenges still exist when using CRISPR/Cas9 in vivo to cure CF lung disease. The delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 into lungs, as well as the difficulty to achieve the efficiency required for clinical efficacy, has brought forth new challenges. Viral and non-viral vectors have been shown to deliver DNA successfully in vivo, but the sustained expression of CFTR was not adequate. Before the introduction of Helper-Dependent Adenoviral vectors (HD-Ad), clinical trials of treating pulmonary genetic diseases with first-generation viral vectors have shown limited efficacy. With the advantages of larger capacity and lower immunogenicity of HD-Ad, together with the versatility of the CRISPR/Cas9 system, delivering CRISPR/Cas9 to the airway with HD-Ad for lung gene therapy shows great potential. In this review, we discuss the status of the application of CRISPR/Cas9 in CF gene therapy, the existing challenges in the field, as well as new hurdles introduced by the presence of CRISPR/Cas9 in the lungs. Through the analysis of these challenges, we present the potential of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated lung gene therapy using HD-Ad vectors with Cystic Fibrosis lung disease as a model of therapy.
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24
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Santos L, Mention K, Cavusoglu-Doran K, Sanz DJ, Bacalhau M, Lopes-Pacheco M, Harrison PT, Farinha CM. Comparison of Cas9 and Cas12a CRISPR editing methods to correct the W1282X-CFTR mutation. J Cyst Fibros 2021; 21:181-187. [PMID: 34103250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2021.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND W1282X-CFTR variant (c.3846G>A) is the second most common nonsense cystic fibrosis (CF)-causing mutation in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene. Even though remarkable breakthroughs have been done towards CF treatment with the approval of four CFTR protein modulators, none of these are approved for patients with nonsense mutations. CRISPR gene editing tools can be of great value to permanently correct the genetic defects caused by these mutations. METHODS We compared the capacity of homology-directed repair (HDR) mediated by Cas9 or Cas12a to correct W1282X CFTR mutation in the CFF-16HBEge W1282X CFTR cell line (obtained from CFF), using Cas9/gRNA and Cas12a/gRNA ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) and single strand DNA (ssODN) oligonucleotide donors. RESULTS Cas9 shows higher levels of correction than Cas12a as, by electroporating cells with Cas9 RNPs and ssODN donor, nearly 18% of precise editing was achieved compared to just 8% for Cas12a. Such levels of correction increase the abundance of CFTR mRNA and protein, and partially restore CFTR function in the pool of edited cells to 18% of WT CFTR function. Moreover, homozygous corrected clones produced levels of mRNA, protein, and function comparable to those of cells expressing WT CFTR. CONCLUSION Altogether, this work demonstrates the potential of gene editing as a therapeutic strategy for CF directly correcting the root cause of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lúcia Santos
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, C8 bdg, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal; Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Karen Mention
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | | | - David J Sanz
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Mafalda Bacalhau
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, C8 bdg, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, C8 bdg, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Patrick T Harrison
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Carlos M Farinha
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, C8 bdg, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal.
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25
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van Heeckeren AM, Sutton MT, Fletcher DR, Hodges CA, Caplan AI, Bonfield TL. Enhancing Cystic Fibrosis Immune Regulation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:573065. [PMID: 34054509 PMCID: PMC8155373 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.573065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In cystic fibrosis (CF), sustained infection and exuberant inflammation results in debilitating and often fatal lung disease. Advancement in CF therapeutics has provided successful treatment regimens for a variety of clinical consequences in CF; however effective means to treat the pulmonary infection and inflammation continues to be problematic. Even with the successful development of small molecule cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) correctors and potentiators, there is only a modest effect on established infection and inflammation in CF patients. In the pursuit of therapeutics to treat inflammation, the conundrum to address is how to overcome the inflammatory response without jeopardizing the required immunity to manage pathogens and prevent infection. The key therapeutic would have the capacity to dull the inflammatory response, while sustaining the ability to manage infections. Advances in cell-based therapy have opened up the avenue for dynamic and versatile immune interventions that may support this requirement. Cell based therapy has the capacity to augment the patient’s own ability to manage their inflammatory status while at the same time sustaining anti-pathogen immunity. The studies highlighted in this manuscript outline the potential use of cell-based therapy for CF. The data demonstrate that 1) total bone marrow aspirates containing Cftr sufficient hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) provide Cftr deficient mice >50% improvement in survival and improved management of infection and inflammation; 2) myeloid cells can provide sufficient Cftr to provide pre-clinical anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial benefit; 3) hMSCs provide significant improvement in survival and management of infection and inflammation in CF; 4) the combined interaction between macrophages and hMSCs can potentially enhance anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial support through manipulating PPARγ. These data support the development of optimized cell-based therapeutics to enhance CF patient’s own immune repertoire and capacity to maintain the balance between inflammation and pathogen management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M van Heeckeren
- Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Morgan T Sutton
- Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Skeletal Research Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States.,National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States.,St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - David R Fletcher
- Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States.,National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Craig A Hodges
- Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Arnold I Caplan
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Skeletal Research Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States.,National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Tracey L Bonfield
- Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Skeletal Research Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States.,National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
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26
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Mercier J, Ruffin M, Corvol H, Guillot L. Gene Therapy: A Possible Alternative to CFTR Modulators? Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:648203. [PMID: 33967785 PMCID: PMC8097140 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.648203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a rare genetic disease that affects several organs, but lung disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality. The gene responsible for CF, the CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator) gene, has been discovered in 1989. Since then, gene therapy i.e., defective gene replacement by a functional one, remained the ultimate goal but unfortunately, it has not yet been achieved. However, patients care and symptomatic treatments considerably increased CF patients’ life expectancy ranging from 5 years old in the 1960s to 40 today. In the last decade, research works on CFTR protein structure and activity led to the development of new drugs which, by readdressing CFTR to the plasma membrane (correctors) or by enhancing its transport activity (potentiators), allow, alone or in combination, an improvement of CF patients’ lung function and quality of life. While expected, it is not yet known whether taking these drugs from an early age and for years will improve the quality of life of CF patients in the long term and further increase their life expectancy. Besides, these molecules are not available (specific variants of CFTR) or accessible (national health policies) for all patients and there is still no curative treatment. Another alternative that could benefit from new technologies, such as gene therapy, is therefore still attractive, although it is not yet offered to patients. Faced with the development of new CFTR correctors and potentiators, the question arises as to whether there is still a place for gene therapy and this is discussed in this perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mercier
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche, Saint Antoine, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - M Ruffin
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche, Saint Antoine, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - H Corvol
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche, Saint Antoine, F-75012, Paris, France.,Pneumologie Pédiatrique, APHP, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - L Guillot
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche, Saint Antoine, F-75012, Paris, France
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27
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Egan ME. Emerging technologies for cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator restoration in all people with CF. Pediatr Pulmonol 2021; 56 Suppl 1:S32-S39. [PMID: 32681713 PMCID: PMC8114183 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although effective cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator therapy has the potential to change the lives of many patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), it is unlikely that these drugs will be a game changing therapy for all. There are about 10% of patients with CF who don't produce a mutant protein tomodulate, potentiate, or optimize and for these patients such therapies are unlikely to be of significant benefit. There is a need to develop new therapeutic approaches that can work for this patient population and can advance CF therapies. These new therapies will be genetic-based therapies and each approach will result in functional CFTR protein inpreviously affected CF cells. In this review we will examine the potential of RNA therapies, gene transfer therapies, and gene editing therapies for the treatment of CF as well as the challenges that will need to be facedas we harness the power of these emerging therapies towards a one-time cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie E Egan
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy Immunology Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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28
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Nguyen JP, Kim Y, Cao Q, Hirota JA. Interactions between ABCC4/MRP4 and ABCC7/CFTR in human airway epithelial cells in lung health and disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 133:105936. [PMID: 33529712 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.105936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters are present in all three domains of life - Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. The conserved nature is a testament to the importance of these transporters in regulating endogenous and exogenous substrates required for life to exist. In humans, 49 ABC transporters have been identified to date with broad expression in different lung cell types with multiple transporter family members contributing to lung health and disease. The ABC transporter most commonly known to be linked to lung pathology is ABCC7, also known as cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator - CFTR. Closely related to the CFTR genomic sequence is ABCC4/multi-drug resistance protein-4. Genomic proximity is shared with physical proximity, with ABCC4 and CFTR physically coupled in cell membrane microenvironments of epithelial cells to orchestrate functional consequences of cyclic-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent second messenger signaling and extracellular transport of endogenous and exogenous substrates. The present concise review summarizes the emerging data defining a role of the (ABCC7/CFTR)-ABCC4 macromolecular complex in human airway epithelial cells as a physiologically important pathway capable of impacting endogenous and exogenous mediator transport and ion transport in both lung health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny P Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Canada; Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St. Joseph's Hospital, Canada
| | - Yechan Kim
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Canada; Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St. Joseph's Hospital, Canada
| | - Quynh Cao
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Canada; Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St. Joseph's Hospital, Canada
| | - Jeremy A Hirota
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Canada; Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St. Joseph's Hospital, Canada; McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada.
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29
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Görücü Yilmaz S. Genome editing technologies: CRISPR, LEAPER, RESTORE, ARCUT, SATI, and RESCUE. EXCLI JOURNAL 2021; 20:19-45. [PMID: 33510590 PMCID: PMC7838830 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-3070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Genome editing technologies include techniques used for desired genetic modifications and allow the insertion, modification or deletion of specific DNA fragments. Recent advances in genome biology offer unprecedented promise for interdisciplinary collaboration and applications in gene editing. New genome editing technologies enable specific and efficient genome modifications. The sources that inspire these modifications and already exist in the genome are DNA degradation enzymes and DNA repair pathways. Six of these recent technologies are the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), leveraging endogenous ADAR for programmable editing of RNA (LEAPER), recruiting endogenous ADAR to specific transcripts for oligonucleotide-mediated RNA editing (RESTORE), chemistry-based artificial restriction DNA cutter (ARCUT), single homology arm donor mediated intron-targeting integration (SATI), RNA editing for specific C-to-U exchange (RESCUE). These technologies are widely used from various biomedical researches to clinics, agriculture, and allow you to rearrange genomic sequences, create cell lines and animal models to solve human diseases. This review emphasizes the characteristics, superiority, limitations, also whether each technology can be used in different biological systems and the potential application of these systems in the treatment of several human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senay Görücü Yilmaz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey 27310
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30
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Delivery of genome-editing biomacromolecules for treatment of lung genetic disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 168:196-216. [PMID: 32416111 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genome-editing systems based on clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/associated protein (CRISPR/Cas), are emerging as a revolutionary technology for the treatment of various genetic diseases. To date, the delivery of genome-editing biomacromolecules by viral or non-viral vectors have been proposed as new therapeutic options for lung genetic disorders, such as cystic fibrosis (CF) and α-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), and it has been accepted that these delivery vectors can introduce CRISPR/Cas9 machineries into target cells or tissues in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo. However, the efficient local or systemic delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 elements to the lung, enabled by either viral or by non-viral carriers, still remains elusive. Herein, we first introduce lung genetic disorders and their current treatment options, and then summarize CRISPR/Cas9-based strategies for the therapeutic genome editing of these disorders. We further summarize the pros and cons of different routes of administration for lung genetic disorders. In particular, the potentials of aerosol delivery for therapeutic CRISPR/Cas9 biomacromolecules for lung genome editing are discussed and highlighted. Finally, current challenges and future outlooks in this emerging area are briefly discussed.
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31
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Brinkert K, Hedtfeld S, Burhop A, Gastmeier R, Gad P, Wedekind D, Kloth C, Rothschuh J, Lachmann N, Hetzel M, Jirmo AC, Lopez-Rodriguez E, Brandenberger C, Hansen G, Schambach A, Ackermann M, Tümmler B, Munder A. Rescue from Pseudomonas aeruginosa Airway Infection via Stem Cell Transplantation. Mol Ther 2020; 29:1324-1334. [PMID: 33279724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, which lead to impaired ion transport in epithelial cells. Although lung failure due to chronic infection is the major comorbidity in individuals with cystic fibrosis, the role of CFTR in non-epithelial cells has not been definitively resolved. Given the important role of host defense cells, we evaluated the Cftr deficiency in pulmonary immune cells by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in cystic fibrosis mice. We transplanted healthy bone marrow stem cells and could reveal a stable chimerism of wild-type cells in peripheral blood. The outcome of stem cell transplantation and the impact of healthy immune cells were evaluated in acute Pseudomonas aeruginosa airway infection. In this study, mice transplanted with wild-type cells displayed better survival, lower lung bacterial numbers, and a milder disease course. This improved physiology of infected mice correlated with successful intrapulmonary engraftment of graft-derived alveolar macrophages, as seen by immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry of graft-specific leucocyte surface marker CD45 and macrophage marker CD68. Given the beneficial effect of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and stable engraftment of monocyte-derived CD68-positive macrophages, we conclude that replacement of mutant Cftr macrophages attenuates airway infection in cystic fibrosis mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Brinkert
- Clinic for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Silke Hedtfeld
- Clinic for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Annina Burhop
- Clinic for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Rena Gastmeier
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Pauline Gad
- Clinic for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Dirk Wedekind
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Kloth
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Justin Rothschuh
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nico Lachmann
- Clinic for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; REBIRTH Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Miriam Hetzel
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; REBIRTH Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Adan Chari Jirmo
- Clinic for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Elena Lopez-Rodriguez
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina Brandenberger
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany; Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Gesine Hansen
- Clinic for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; REBIRTH Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mania Ackermann
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; REBIRTH Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Burkhard Tümmler
- Clinic for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Antje Munder
- Clinic for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a hereditary, multisystemic disease caused by different mutations in the CFTR gene encoding CF transmembrane conductance regulator. CF is mainly characterized by pulmonary dysfunction as a result of deterioration in the mucociliary clearance and anion transport of airways. Mortality is mostly caused by bronchiectasis, bronchiole obstruction, and progressive respiratory dysfunction in the early years of life. Over the last decade, new therapeutic strategies rather than symptomatic treatment have been proposed, such as the small molecule approach, ion channel therapy, and pulmonary gene therapy. Due to considerable progress in the treatment options, CF has become an adult disease rather than a pediatric disease in recent years. Pulmonary gene therapy has gained special attention due to its mutation type independent aspect, therefore being applicable to all CF patients. On the other hand, the major obstacle for CF treatment is to predict the drug response of patients due to genetic complexity and heterogeneity. The advancement of 3D culture systems has made it possible to extrapolate the disease modeling and individual drug response in vitro by producing mini adult organs called "organoids" obtained from rectal cell biopsies. In this review, we summarize the advances in the novel therapeutic approaches, clinical interventions, and precision medicine concept for CF.
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33
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Jaques R, Shakeel A, Hoyle C. Novel therapeutic approaches for the management of cystic fibrosis. Multidiscip Respir Med 2020; 15:690. [PMID: 33282281 PMCID: PMC7706361 DOI: 10.4081/mrm.2020.690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic condition characterised by the build-up of thick, sticky mucus that can damage many of the body's organs. It is a life-long disease that results in a shortened life expectancy, often due to the progression of advanced lung disease. Treatment has previously targeted the downstream symptoms such as diminished mucus clearance and recurrent infection. More recently, significant advances have been made in treating the cause of the disease by targeting the faulty gene responsible. Hope for the development of potential therapies lies with ongoing research into new pharmacological agents and gene therapy. This review gives an overview of CF, and summarises the current evidence regarding the disease management and upcoming strategies aimed at treating or potentially curing this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Jaques
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, UK
| | - Arslan Shakeel
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, UK
| | - Cameron Hoyle
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, UK
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34
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Wei T, Sui H, Su Y, Cheng W, Liu Y, He Z, Ji Q, Xu C. Research advances in molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis: From technical improvement to clinical applications (Review). Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:4992-5002. [PMID: 33173976 PMCID: PMC7646950 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a chronic disease causing severe impairment to the respiratory system and digestive tracts. Currently, CF is incurable. As an autosomal recessive disorder, the morbidity of CF is significantly higher among Caucasians of European descent, whereas it is less pervasive among African and Asian populations. The disease is caused by identical mutations (homozygosity) or different mutations (heterozygosity) of an autosomal recessive mutation at position 7q31.2-q31.1 of chromosome 7. Diagnostic criteria and guidelines work concurrently with laboratory detection to facilitate precise CF detection. With technological advances, the understanding of CF pathogenesis has reached an unprecedented level, allowing for increasingly precise carrier screening, more effective early stage CF intervention and improved prognostic outcomes. These advances significantly increase the life quality and expectancy of patients with CF. Given the numerous improvements in the field of CF, the current review summarized the technical advances in the study of the molecular mechanisms underlying CF, as well as how these improvements facilitate the clinical outcomes of CF. Furthermore, challenges and obstacles to overcome are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wei
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Hongshu Sui
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Su
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Wanjing Cheng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Yunhua Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Zilin He
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Qingchao Ji
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Changlong Xu
- Reproductive Medical Center, Nanning Second People's Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530031, P.R. China
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Schoger E, Argyriou L, Zimmermann WH, Cyganek L, Zelarayán LC. Generation of homozygous CRISPRa human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines for sustained endogenous gene activation. Stem Cell Res 2020; 48:101944. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Bastola P, Song L, Gilger BC, Hirsch ML. Adeno-Associated Virus Mediated Gene Therapy for Corneal Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12080767. [PMID: 32823625 PMCID: PMC7464341 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12080767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, corneal diseases are the fourth leading cause of blindness worldwide accounting for 5.1% of all ocular deficiencies. Current therapies for corneal diseases, which include eye drops, oral medications, corrective surgeries, and corneal transplantation are largely inadequate, have undesirable side effects including blindness, and can require life-long applications. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) mediated gene therapy is an optimistic strategy that involves the delivery of genetic material to target human diseases through gene augmentation, gene deletion, and/or gene editing. With two therapies already approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration and 200 ongoing clinical trials, recombinant AAV (rAAV) has emerged as the in vivo viral vector-of-choice to deliver genetic material to target human diseases. Likewise, the relative ease of applications through targeted delivery and its compartmental nature makes the cornea an enticing tissue for AAV mediated gene therapy applications. This current review seeks to summarize the development of AAV gene therapy, highlight preclinical efficacy studies, and discuss potential applications and challenges of this technology for targeting corneal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Bastola
- Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (P.B.); (L.S.); (B.C.G.)
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Liujiang Song
- Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (P.B.); (L.S.); (B.C.G.)
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Brian C. Gilger
- Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (P.B.); (L.S.); (B.C.G.)
- Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Matthew L. Hirsch
- Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (P.B.); (L.S.); (B.C.G.)
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-919-966-0696
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Alton EWFW, Boyd AC, Davies JC, Gill DR, Griesenbach U, Harman TE, Hyde S, McLachlan G. Gene Therapy for Respiratory Diseases: Progress and a Changing Context. Hum Gene Ther 2020; 31:911-916. [PMID: 32746737 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2020.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eric W F W Alton
- Gene Therapy Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,UK CF Gene Therapy Consortium, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Christopher Boyd
- UK CF Gene Therapy Consortium, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jane C Davies
- Gene Therapy Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,UK CF Gene Therapy Consortium, London, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah R Gill
- UK CF Gene Therapy Consortium, London, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Uta Griesenbach
- Gene Therapy Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,UK CF Gene Therapy Consortium, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tracy E Harman
- Gene Therapy Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,UK CF Gene Therapy Consortium, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Hyde
- UK CF Gene Therapy Consortium, London, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gerry McLachlan
- UK CF Gene Therapy Consortium, London, United Kingdom.,The Roslin Institute & R(D)SVS, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Xie Y, Lu L, Tang XX, Moninger TO, Huang TJ, Stoltz DA, Welsh MJ. Acidic Submucosal Gland pH and Elevated Protein Concentration Produce Abnormal Cystic Fibrosis Mucus. Dev Cell 2020; 54:488-500.e5. [PMID: 32730755 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In response to respiratory insults, airway submucosal glands secrete copious mucus strands to increase mucociliary clearance and protect the lung. However, in cystic fibrosis, stimulating submucosal glands has the opposite effect, disrupting mucociliary transport. In cystic fibrosis (CF) pigs, loss of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) anion channels produced submucosal gland mucus that was abnormally acidic with an increased protein concentration. To test whether these variables alter mucus, we produced a microfluidic model of submucosal glands using mucus vesicles from banana slugs. Acidic pH and increased protein concentration decreased mucus gel volume and increased mucus strand elasticity and tensile strength. However, once mucus strands were formed, changing pH or protein concentration largely failed to alter the biophysical properties. Likewise, raising pH or apical perfusion did not improve clearance of mucus strands from CF airways. These findings reveal mechanisms responsible for impaired mucociliary transport in CF and have important implications for potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Xie
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Xiao Xiao Tang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Thomas O Moninger
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - David A Stoltz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Michael J Welsh
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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CRISPR, Prime Editing, Optogenetics, and DREADDs: New Therapeutic Approaches Provided by Emerging Technologies in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:2085-2100. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01861-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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40
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Mills EM, Barlow VL, Luk LYP, Tsai YH. Applying switchable Cas9 variants to in vivo gene editing for therapeutic applications. Cell Biol Toxicol 2019; 36:17-29. [PMID: 31418127 PMCID: PMC7051928 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-019-09488-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Progress in targeted gene editing by programmable endonucleases has paved the way for their use in gene therapy. Particularly, Cas9 is an endonuclease with high activity and flexibility, rendering it an attractive option for therapeutic applications in clinical settings. Many disease-causing mutations could potentially be corrected by this versatile new technology. In addition, recently developed switchable Cas9 variants, whose activity can be controlled by an external stimulus, provide an extra level of spatiotemporal control on gene editing and are particularly desirable for certain applications. Here, we discuss the considerations and difficulties for implementing Cas9 to in vivo gene therapy. We put particular emphasis on how switchable Cas9 variants may resolve some of these barriers and advance gene therapy in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Mills
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | | | - Louis Y P Luk
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Yu-Hsuan Tsai
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
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