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Bhamdare H, Pahade P, Bose D, Durgbanshi A, Carda-Broch S, Peris-Vicente J. Evaluating the effectiveness of different household washing techniques for removal of insecticides from spinach and chickpea leaves by micellar liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1730:465043. [PMID: 38908066 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
In the past few decades, the employment of green analytical approaches in chromatographic method development has attracted the analytical separation community. The greenness of the developed method depends upon the toxicity of solvents and the amount of generated post-analysis waste generated. In this concern, micellar liquid chromatography (MLC) is a simple and rapid technique that generates very low toxic waste compared to traditional chromatographic pesticide detection methods. Here, MLC method has been validated and applied for the determination of monocrotofos (MCF), imidacloprid (ICP), dimethoate (DM) and profenofos (PFF) in spinach and chickpea leaves. The optimized mobile phase was 0.065 M SDS-2 % 1-propanol, 0.01 M NaH2PO4 buffered to pH 7. A C18 column was used for separation with a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The developed method has been validated following the guidelines of SANTE/11,312/2021 and ICH guidelines for; limit of quantification (0.05-0.20 mg/kg), linearity (r2> 0.997-0.999), precision (<6.3 %), accuracy (96.3 %-99.8 %) and robustness (<6) in real samples. ICP and MCF, apart from DM and PFF, were detected in the present work. After detecting insecticides in spinach and chickpea leaves both were washed with different household chemicals i.e. normal, lukewarm, common salt, lemon juice water and commercial ozonizer. Based on five washing techniques with insecticide concentration time intervals reduction rates were calculated for each washing treatment. The results show that lemon juice, common salt water, and ozonizer can be used as washing techniques for the reduction of superficial and systematic residues of ICP and MCF. Common salt and lemon juice water were better for washing over vinegar and potassium permanganate (KMnO4) as they enhance the colour of the green leafy vegetables and are available in every Indian kitchen. They can be easily used by lower socioeconomic classes who cannot afford KMnO4 and vinegar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemlata Bhamdare
- Department of Criminology and Forensic Science, Doctor Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh 470003, India
| | - Priyanka Pahade
- Department of Criminology and Forensic Science, Doctor Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh 470003, India
| | - Devasish Bose
- Department of Criminology and Forensic Science, Doctor Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh 470003, India
| | - Abhilasha Durgbanshi
- Department of Chemistry, Doctor Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh 470003, India.
| | - Samuel Carda-Broch
- Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, Castello 12071, Spain
| | - Juan Peris-Vicente
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat de València, Burjassot-Valencia 46100, Spain
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Gebreslassie S, Jida M, Puente ML, Covacevich F, Belay Z. Inoculation of Native Arbuscular Mycorrhizae and Bacillus subtilis Can Improve Growth in Vegetable Crops. Int J Microbiol 2024; 2024:9226715. [PMID: 38745889 PMCID: PMC11093691 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9226715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and some rhizobacteria are known as plant growth-promoting microorganism (PGPM) as they play significant roles in improving soil fertility structure, plant nutrition, growth, and health. However, little is known about the PGPM potential of AMF and rhizobacteria native to the Rift Valley and highland regions of Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the PGPM effect of single and co-inoculation of AMF and the Bacillus subtilis ALCR46 strain, on tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.), onion (Allium cepa L.), and squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) plants. The experimental setup was a randomized complete block design with three replications of the following treatments: (i) inoculation with a consortium of AMF, (ii) co-inoculation with a consortium of AMF and the Bacillus subtilis, (iii) inoculation with Rhizophagus clarus, (iv) co-inoculation with R. clarus and B. subtilis, (v) inoculation with B. subtilis, (vi) plants without inoculation (negative control), and (vii) plants treated with chemical fertilizer (positive control). Plants were maintained in a greenhouse for 60 days, and after harvest, plant growth parameters, percentage of AMF root colonization, and spore number were analyzed. The result shows that the growth of crops significantly increased by co-inoculation with the consortium of AMF and B. subtilis. AMF spore density and root colonization rate were also increased in co-inoculated plants. Highest root colonization, spore number, and mycorrhizal dependency were observed in A. cepa. Our results suggest that there is a synergistic effect between the AMF and B. subtilis ALCR46, and between AMF inoculants. However, the application of present findings under field conditions is required to be confirmed by further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gebreslassie
- Department of Applied Biology, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia
| | - Mulissa Jida
- Bio and Emerging Technology Institute, Ras Biru Street, Near TemenJa Yaj, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mariana Laura Puente
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Covacevich
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Zerihun Belay
- Department of Applied Biology, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia
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Pugliese M, Gilardi G, Garibaldi A, Gullino ML. The Impact of Climate Change on Vegetable Crop Diseases and Their Management: The Value of Phytotron Studies for the Agricultural Industry and Associated Stakeholders. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:843-854. [PMID: 38648074 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-23-0284-kc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is having a significant impact on global agriculture, particularly on vegetable crops, which play a critical role in global nutrition. Recently, increasing research has concentrated on the impact of climate change on vegetable crop diseases, with several studies being conducted in phytotrons, which have been used to explore the effects of increased temperatures and CO2 concentrations to simulate future scenarios. This review focuses on the combined effects of temperature and carbon dioxide increases on foliar and soilborne vegetable diseases, as evaluated under phytotron conditions. The influence of climate change on mycotoxin production and disease management strategies is also explored through case studies. The results offer valuable information that can be used to guide both seed and agrochemical industries, as well as to develop disease-resistant varieties and innovative control measures, including biocontrol agents, considering the diseases that are likely to become prevalent under future climatic scenarios. Recommendations on how to manage vegetable diseases under ongoing climate change are proposed to facilitate plants' adaptation to and enhanced against the changing conditions. A proactive and comprehensive response to climate-induced challenges in vegetable farming is imperative to ensure food security and sustainability.
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Miller SA, Testen AL, Jacobs JM, Ivey MLL. Mitigating Emerging and Reemerging Diseases of Fruit and Vegetable Crops in a Changing Climate. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:917-929. [PMID: 38170665 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-10-23-0393-kc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Fruit and vegetable crops are important sources of nutrition and income globally. Producing these high-value crops requires significant investment of often scarce resources, and, therefore, the risks associated with climate change and accompanying disease pressures are especially important. Climate change influences the occurrence and pressure of plant diseases, enabling new pathogens to emerge and old enemies to reemerge. Specific environmental changes attributed to climate change, particularly temperature fluctuations and intense rainfall events, greatly alter fruit and vegetable disease incidence and severity. In turn, fruit and vegetable microbiomes, and subsequently overall plant health, are also affected by climate change. Changing disease pressures cause growers and researchers to reassess disease management and climate change adaptation strategies. Approaches such as climate smart integrated pest management, smart sprayer technology, protected culture cultivation, advanced diagnostics, and new soilborne disease management strategies are providing new tools for specialty crops growers. Researchers and educators need to work closely with growers to establish fruit and vegetable production systems that are resilient and responsive to changing climates. This review explores the effects of climate change on specialty food crops, pathogens, insect vectors, and pathosystems, as well as adaptations needed to ensure optimal plant health and environmental and economic sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally A Miller
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - Anna L Testen
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Application Technology Research Unit, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - Jonathan M Jacobs
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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Mahomud MS, Islam MN, Roy J. Effect of low oxygen stress on the metabolic responses of tomato fruit cells. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24566. [PMID: 38327398 PMCID: PMC10847614 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Postharvest losses of fruits and vegetables can occur due to cell breakdown and browning during controlled atmosphere storage as a result of low oxygen (O2) stress. Therefore, the study was designed to better understand the underlying mechanisms of the response of isolated tomato fruit cells incubated at low O2 (hypoxic and anoxic) conditions as a model system. The O2 stress conditions used for the experiment were based on the results of the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) of respiration. A total of 56 polar metabolites belonging mainly to different functional groups, including amino acids, organic acids, sugars and sugar alcohols, were identified using GC-MS. O2 stress stimulated the biosynthesis of most of the free amino acids while decreasing the synthesis of most of the organic acids (especially those linked to the tricarboxylic acid cycle), sugars (except for ribose) and other nitrogen-containing compounds. The down-regulation of these TCA cycle metabolites served to provide energy to ensure the survival of the cell. Increases in the sugar alcohol levels and induction of fermentative metabolism were observed under low O2 stress. By employing multivariate statistics, metabolites were identified that were essential to the oxygen stress response and establishing the correlation between metabolite abundance, oxygen levels, and incubation period were achievable. A higher correlation was observed between the O2 levels and most of the metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Sultan Mahomud
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Nahidul Islam
- Department of Agro-Processing, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
- Institute of Food Safety and Processing, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Joysree Roy
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, 5200, Bangladesh
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Pierguidi L, Spinelli S, Prescott J, Monteleone E, Dinnella C. Responsiveness to warning sensations and anxiety-related psychological traits modulate individual differences in preference for vegetable foods with varied sensory properties. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113342. [PMID: 37803693 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The innate aversion to warning sensations is an important barrier to the acceptance of vegetable food often characterized by bitter and sour tastes, and astringency. Large individual variations exist in preference for this food category. The present study aimed at exploring differences in demographics, anthropometrics, taste responsiveness, personality traits and attitudes in consumers differing in their preference for vegetable food with varied levels of warning sensations. A panel of Italian consumers (n = 718; 53.6% women, age 18-74 years) self-reported familiarity with, preference for and choice of vegetables with high and low levels of warning sensations. Two clusters were identified: High Warning-Vegetable Consumers (HWVC, n = 464) and Low-Warning Vegetable Consumers (LWVC, n = 254). HWVC showed higher familiarity with and preference for vegetables as a whole and higher choice of vegetables characterized by warning sensations than LWVC. HWVC were more represented by older and normal weight individuals as compared to LWVC. Differences among clusters in liking for and perception of a phenol-enriched plant-based food model specifically developed to induce different levels of bitterness, sourness and astringency were found. HWVC rated bitterness, sourness, and astringency lower and liking higher than LWVC. Scores in anxiety-related psychological traits were lower while attitudes to healthy and high-quality food choice were higher in HWVC than in LWVC. The results of the present study depicted a coherent interplay among several person-related dimensions in modulating preference for vegetable foods. Higher responsiveness to warning sensations, higher level of anxiety-related traits, lower importance assigned to food healthy/quality aspects and younger age all acted as barriers to exposure and acceptance of vegetable food and call for a multidimensional approach to promote the consumption of this food category.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pierguidi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Italy.
| | - S Spinelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Italy
| | - J Prescott
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Italy; TasteMatters Research & Consulting, Sydney, Australia
| | - E Monteleone
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Italy
| | - C Dinnella
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Italy
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DiGiacomo G, Nelson SGA, Jacobson J, Klodd A, Hutchison WD. Hail netting: an economically competitive IPM alternative to insecticides for Midwest apple production. FRONTIERS IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 3:1266426. [PMID: 38469531 PMCID: PMC10926452 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2023.1266426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Apple orchards are highly managed agricultural ecosystems where growers typically rely on insecticides to minimize the risk of pest-related fruit losses. Apple growers practicing integrated pest management require cost-effective alternatives to conventional insecticides for control of major pests such as codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.) and apple maggot (Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh). Exclusion netting has been shown to effectively control multiple insect pest species, limit fruit damage and reduce the use of insecticides while also conferring consumer and environmental benefits. In this study, partial budgeting was applied to explore the financial efficacy of using a hail netting (DrapeNet®) system as a sustainable pest management strategy for Midwest U.S. apple (Malus x domestica). The cost of the hail netting was compared to a common Midwest insecticide spray regimen for apples using yield and quality data from a field study at two Minnesota apple orchards in 2021-2022. The PB analysis indicated that the netting system was an economically competitive alternative to conventional insecticide applications. The economic results were robust across a range of apple prices and yields suggesting that Minnesota apple growers can benefit economically from the application of hail netting for sustainable pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gigi DiGiacomo
- Dept. of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Sally G. A. Nelson
- Dept. of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - John Jacobson
- Pine Tree Apple Orchard, White Bear Lake, MN, United States
| | - Annie Klodd
- Minnesota Landscape Arboretum, University of Minnesota, Chaska, MN, United States
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Al Amin Hossain M, Islam T, Khan JM, Joy MTR, Mahbub S, Khan SA, Ahmad A, Rahman MM, Anamul Hoque M, Kabir SE. Physicochemical parameters and modes of interaction associated with the micelle formation of a mixture of tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide and cefixime trihydrate: effects of hydrotropes and temperature. RSC Adv 2023; 13:30429-30442. [PMID: 37854490 PMCID: PMC10580262 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04748b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between an antibiotic drug (cefixime trihydrate (CMT)) and a cationic surfactant (tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB)) was examined in the presence of both ionic and non-ionic hydrotropes (HTs) over the temperature range of 300.55 to 320.55 K. The values of the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the TTAB + CMT mixture were experienced to have dwindled with an enhancement of the concentrations of resorcinol (ReSC), sodium benzoate (NaBz), sodium salicylate (NaS), while for the same system, a monotonically augmentation of CMC was observed in aq. 4-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) solution. A gradual increase in CMC, as a function of temperature, was also observed. The values of the degree of counterion binding (β) for the TTAB + CMT mixture were experienced to be influenced by the concentrations of ReSC/NaBz/NaS/PABA and a change in temperature. The micellization process of TTAB + CMT was observed to be spontaneous (negative standard Gibbs free energy change (ΔG0m)) at all conditions studied. Also, the values of standard enthalpy change (ΔH0m) and entropy change (ΔS0m) were found negative and positive, respectively (with a few exceptions), for the test cases indicating an exothermic and enthalpy-entropy directed micellization process. The recommended interaction forces between the components in the micellar system are electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. In this study, the values of ΔC0m were negative in aqueous NaBz, ReSC, and PABA media, and positive in case of NaS. An excellent compensation scenario between the enthalpy and entropy for the CMT + TTAB mixed system in the investigated HTs solutions is well defined in the current work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Al Amin Hossain
- Department of Chemistry, Jashore University of Science and Technology Jashore 7408 Bangladesh
| | - Tamanna Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Jashore University of Science and Technology Jashore 7408 Bangladesh
| | - Javed Masood Khan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Tuhinur R Joy
- Department of Chemistry, Jashore University of Science and Technology Jashore 7408 Bangladesh
| | - Shamim Mahbub
- Nuclear Safety, Security & Safeguards Division, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Regulatory Authority Agargaon Dhaka 1207 Bangladesh
| | - Salman A Khan
- Physical Sciences Section (Chemistry), School of Sciences, Maulana Azad National Urdu University Hyderabad 500032 Telangana India
| | - Anis Ahmad
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | | | - Md Anamul Hoque
- Department of Chemistry, Jahangirnagar University Savar Dhaka 1342 Bangladesh
| | - Shariff E Kabir
- Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University Dhaka 1100 Bangladesh
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Mulungu K, Tekelewold H, Abro Z, Sevgan S, Muriithi B, Ecuru J, Beesigamukama D, Kassie M. Pollinator-dependent crops significantly contribute to diets and reduce household nutrient deficiencies in sub-Saharan Africa. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15452. [PMID: 37723171 PMCID: PMC10507062 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41217-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent literature highlights the potential of animal pollinator-dependent (PD) crops in enhancing food and nutrition security, although there is a lack of detailed household-level estimates. In this study, we investigate the nutrient composition, productivity, and contribution of PD and pollinator-independent (PI) crops to household nutrition in four sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. We also evaluate the impact of reallocating resources from PI crops to PD crops on nutrient deficiencies, utilizing nationally representative panel data from three waves and over 30,000 household-year observations. Our findings reveal that PD crops exhibit higher micronutrient content per unit, albeit with lower macronutrient content compared to PI crops. PI crops have higher yield of calories per hectare while PD crops have higher vitamin A yield per hectare. However, protein and iron yield for PD and PI crops varies across countries. PI crops predominantly contribute to macronutrients and iron, while PD crops significantly contribute to vitamin A production. Our econometric results demonstrate that increasing the cultivation of PD crops relative to PI crops reduces the prevalence of nutrient deficiencies and increases crop income without compromising macronutrients production. This suggests that greater investment in PD crop production can be an integral approach to achieving nutrition security in SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Mulungu
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | | | - Zewdu Abro
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Subramanian Sevgan
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Beatrice Muriithi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Julius Ecuru
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Dennis Beesigamukama
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Menale Kassie
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
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Issahaku G, Kornher L, Saiful Islam AHM, Abdul-Rahaman A. Heterogeneous impacts of home-gardening on household food and nutrition security in Rwanda. Food Secur 2023; 15:731-750. [PMID: 36846209 PMCID: PMC9938516 DOI: 10.1007/s12571-023-01344-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
This study examines farmers' decisions to engage in subsistence home-gardening and its impact on food and nutrition security among farm households in Rwanda under diverse conditions. The study uses a nationally representative dataset from Rwanda from 2012, 2015, and 2018. We employ an endogenous switching regression model to jointly estimate the drivers of home-gardening participation decisions and food and nutrition security outcomes, whiles accounting for selection bias from observable and unobservable factors. We also estimate the treatment effects of home-gardening participation on dietary diversity, food consumption score, and anthropometric markers of women and children. The treatment effects are calculated at sample means and connected to market-related variables, such as land ownership, commercialization extent, and market distance. We find that having a home-garden is linked to improved dietary diversity and better nutritional outcomes. If households have restricted access to land and reside further away from marketplaces, the benefits are larger. In contrast, the benefits of home-gardening are positive and significant regardless of the level of commercialization of production. We also discover that family size, gender, education, access to land, and livestock ownership are statistically significant drivers of home-gardening participation in Rwanda. However, the amount of commercialization did not affect a household's decision to participate in home-gardening. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12571-023-01344-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gazali Issahaku
- Center for Development Research, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Food Security and Climate Change, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Lukas Kornher
- Center for Development Research, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Abu Hayat Md. Saiful Islam
- Center for Development Research, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Awal Abdul-Rahaman
- Department of Agribusiness, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
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Giri VP, Shukla P, Tripathi A, Verma P, Kumar N, Pandey S, Dimkpa CO, Mishra A. A Review of Sustainable Use of Biogenic Nanoscale Agro-Materials to Enhance Stress Tolerance and Nutritional Value of Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12040815. [PMID: 36840163 PMCID: PMC9967242 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is more likely to have a detrimental effect on the world's productive assets. Several undesirable conditions and practices, including extreme temperature, drought, and uncontrolled use of agrochemicals, result in stresses that strain agriculture. In addition, nutritional inadequacies in food crops are wreaking havoc on human health, especially in rural regions of less developed countries. This could be because plants are unable to absorb the nutrients in conventional fertilizers, or these fertilizers have an inappropriate or unbalanced nutrient composition. Chemical fertilizers have been used for centuries and have considerably increased crop yields. However, they also disrupt soil quality and structure, eventually impacting the entire ecosystem. To address the situation, it is necessary to develop advanced materials that can release nutrients to targeted points in the plant-soil environment or appropriate receptors on the leaf in the case of foliar applications. Recently, nanotechnology-based interventions have been strongly encouraged to meet the world's growing food demand and to promote food security in an environmentally friendly manner. Biological approaches for the synthesis of nanoscale agro-materials have become a promising area of research, with a wide range of product types such as nanopesticides, nanoinsecticides, nanoherbicides, nanobactericides/fungicides, bio-conjugated nanocomplexes, and nanoemulsions emerging therefrom. These materials are more sustainable and target-oriented than conventional agrochemicals. In this paper, we reviewed the literature on major abiotic and biotic stresses that are detrimental to plant growth and productivity. We comprehensively discussed the different forms of nanoscale agro-materials and provided an overview of biological approaches in nano-enabled strategies that can efficiently alleviate plant biotic and abiotic stresses while potentially enhancing the nutritional values of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ved Prakash Giri
- Division of Microbial Technology, CSIR—National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
- Department of Botany, Lucknow University, Hasanganj, Lucknow 226007, India
| | - Pallavi Shukla
- Division of Microbial Technology, CSIR—National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ashutosh Tripathi
- Division of Microbial Technology, CSIR—National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Priya Verma
- Division of Microbial Technology, CSIR—National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Navinit Kumar
- Division of Microbial Technology, CSIR—National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shipra Pandey
- Division of Microbial Technology, CSIR—National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Christian O. Dimkpa
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Aradhana Mishra
- Division of Microbial Technology, CSIR—National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Elemental content in under-utilized green leafy vegetables of urban waterbodies in Kolkata, India and their associated health risk. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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13
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Deshpande R, Patidar H. Tomato plant leaf disease detection using generative adversarial network and deep convolutional neural network. THE IMAGING SCIENCE JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/13682199.2022.2161696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Deshpande
- Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Oriental University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Hemant Patidar
- Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Oriental University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Mao Y, Zhang H, Cheng Y, Zhao J, Huang Z. The characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus output in China's highly urbanized Pearl River Delta region. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 325:116543. [PMID: 36279771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) transportation due to the anthropogenic activities have strong correlations to the water pollution events. In the highly urbanized Pearl River Delta (PRD) region of China, the main input pathways for N and P have been changed. However, their main output pathways have not yet been understood. Based on the modified export coefficient model (ECM), we have quantified the N and P outputs and identified the main factors affecting the N and P outputs in highly urbanized areas such as PRD. The results showed that the N output intensity of the PRD has increased from 3010 to 3970 kg km-2·a-1 from 2008 to 2016. The P output exhibited a similar trend, from 549 to 769 kg km-2·a-1. In terms of spatial distribution, the output intensity gradually increased from economically underdeveloped regions to economically developed regions. N and P emissions in urban wastewater increased significantly with increasing urbanization rates, with output intensities increasing by 640 kg km-2·a-1 and 141 kg km-2·a-1 from 2008 to 2016, respectively. The correlation analysis showed that population density and urbanization rate were the most relevant factors with N and P outputs intensity in highly urbanized areas. This indicates that improving the effluent standards and utilization rates of wastewater treatment plants in these regions are effective measures to control N and P output. Our findings provide some new theoretical basis for the identification and management of pollution sources in highly urbanized areas for other regions, especially developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
| | - Yuanhui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Jianwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Zhiwei Huang
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
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Geyik Ö, Hadjikakou M, Bryan BA. Climate-friendly and nutrition-sensitive interventions can close the global dietary nutrient gap while reducing GHG emissions. NATURE FOOD 2022; 4:61-73. [PMID: 37118573 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-022-00648-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sustainable food systems require malnutrition and climate change to be addressed in parallel. Here, we estimate the non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions resulting from closing the world's dietary nutrient gap-that between country-level nutrient supply and population requirements-for energy, protein, iron, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin B12 and folate under five climate-friendly intervention scenarios in 2030. We show that improving crop and livestock productivity and halving food loss and waste can close the nutrient gap with up to 42% lower emissions (3.03 Gt CO2eq yr-1) compared with business-as-usual supply patterns with a persistent nutrient gap (5.48 Gt CO2eq yr-1). Increased production and trade of vegetables, eggs, and roots and tubers can close the nutrient gap with the lowest emissions in most countries-with ≤23% increase in total caloric production required for 2030 relative to 2015. We conclude that the world's nutrient gap could be closed without exceeding global climate targets and without drastic changes to national food baskets.
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16
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Mungofa N, Sibanyoni JJ, Mashau ME, Beswa D. Prospective Role of Indigenous Leafy Vegetables as Functional Food Ingredients. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227995. [PMID: 36432098 PMCID: PMC9696032 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Indigenous leafy vegetables (ILVs) play a pivotal role in sustaining the lives of many people of low socio-economic status who reside in rural areas of most developing countries. Such ILVs contribute to food security since they withstand harsher weather and soil conditions than their commercial counterparts and supply important nutrients such as dietary fibre, vitamins and minerals. Furthermore, ILVs contain bioactive components such as phenolic compounds, flavonoids, dietary fibre, carotene content and vitamin C that confer health benefits on consumers. Several studies have demonstrated that regular and adequate consumption of vegetables reduces risks of chronic conditions such as diabetes, cancer, metabolic disorders such as obesity in children and adults, as well as cardiovascular disease. However, consumption of ILVs is very low globally as they are associated with unbalanced and poor diets, with being food for the poor and with possibly containing toxic heavy metals. Therefore, this paper reviews the role of ILVs as food security crops, the biodiversity of ILVs, the effects of processing on the bioactivity of ILVs, consumer acceptability of food derived from ILVs, potential toxicity of some ILVs and the potential role ILVs play in the future of eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyarai Mungofa
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Science Campus, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa
| | - July Johannes Sibanyoni
- School of Hospitality and Tourism, University of Mpumalanga, Mbombela Campus, Mbombela 1200, South Africa
| | - Mpho Edward Mashau
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa
| | - Daniso Beswa
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Science Campus, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa
- Correspondence:
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Santos M, Moreira H, Cabral JA, Gabriel R, Teixeira A, Bastos R, Aires A. Contribution of Home Gardens to Sustainable Development: Perspectives from A Supported Opinion Essay. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192013715. [PMID: 36294295 PMCID: PMC9603381 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Home gardening has a long history that started when humans became sedentary, being traditionally considered an accessible source of food and medicinal plants to treat common illnesses. With trends towards urbanization and industrialization, particularly in the post-World War II period, the importance of home gardens as important spaces for growing food and medicinal plants reduced and they began to be increasingly seen as decorative and leisure spaces. However, the growing awareness of the negative impacts of agricultural intensification and urbanization for human health, food quality, ecosystem resilience, and biodiversity conservation motivated the emergence of new approaches concerning home gardens. Societies began to question the potential of nearby green infrastructures to human wellbeing, food provisioning, and the conservation of traditional varieties, as well as providers of important services, such as ecological corridors for wild species and carbon sinks. In this context. and to foster adaptive and resilient social-ecological systems, our supported viewpoint intends to be more than an exhaustive set of perceptions, but a reflection of ideas about the important contribution of home gardens to sustainable development. We envision these humble spaces strengthening social and ecological components, by providing a set of diversified and intermingled goods and services for an increasingly urban population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Santos
- Laboratory of Fluvial and Terrestrial Ecology, Innovation and Development Center, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-911 Vila Real, Portugal
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Maranhão, Rua do Comercio, 100, Buriticupu 65393-000, MA, Brazil
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro) and Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-259350000
| | - Helena Moreira
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro) and Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Sports, Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-911 Vila Real, Portugal
- CIDESD—Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - João Alexandre Cabral
- Laboratory of Fluvial and Terrestrial Ecology, Innovation and Development Center, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-911 Vila Real, Portugal
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro) and Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ronaldo Gabriel
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro) and Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Sports, Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-911 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Andreia Teixeira
- Department of Sports, Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-911 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rita Bastos
- Laboratory of Fluvial and Terrestrial Ecology, Innovation and Development Center, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-911 Vila Real, Portugal
- CIBIO/InBIO/BioPolis, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Alfredo Aires
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro) and Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Agronomy, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Singh DP, Bisen MS, Shukla R, Prabha R, Maurya S, Reddy YS, Singh PM, Rai N, Chaubey T, Chaturvedi KK, Srivastava S, Farooqi MS, Gupta VK, Sarma BK, Rai A, Behera TK. Metabolomics-Driven Mining of Metabolite Resources: Applications and Prospects for Improving Vegetable Crops. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012062. [PMID: 36292920 PMCID: PMC9603451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetable crops possess a prominent nutri-metabolite pool that not only contributes to the crop performance in the fields, but also offers nutritional security for humans. In the pursuit of identifying, quantifying and functionally characterizing the cellular metabolome pool, biomolecule separation technologies, data acquisition platforms, chemical libraries, bioinformatics tools, databases and visualization techniques have come to play significant role. High-throughput metabolomics unravels structurally diverse nutrition-rich metabolites and their entangled interactions in vegetable plants. It has helped to link identified phytometabolites with unique phenotypic traits, nutri-functional characters, defense mechanisms and crop productivity. In this study, we explore mining diverse metabolites, localizing cellular metabolic pathways, classifying functional biomolecules and establishing linkages between metabolic fluxes and genomic regulations, using comprehensive metabolomics deciphers of the plant’s performance in the environment. We discuss exemplary reports covering the implications of metabolomics, addressing metabolic changes in vegetable plants during crop domestication, stage-dependent growth, fruit development, nutri-metabolic capabilities, climatic impacts, plant-microbe-pest interactions and anthropogenic activities. Efforts leading to identify biomarker metabolites, candidate proteins and the genes responsible for plant health, defense mechanisms and nutri-rich crop produce are documented. With the insights on metabolite-QTL (mQTL) driven genetic architecture, molecular breeding in vegetable crops can be revolutionized for developing better nutritional capabilities, improved tolerance against diseases/pests and enhanced climate resilience in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjaya Pratap Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Mansi Singh Bisen
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Renu Shukla
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Krishi Bhawan, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Road, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Ratna Prabha
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sudarshan Maurya
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Yesaru S. Reddy
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Prabhakar Mohan Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Nagendra Rai
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Tribhuwan Chaubey
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Chaturvedi
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sudhir Srivastava
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Mohammad Samir Farooqi
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Centre, Scotland’s Rural College, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Birinchi K. Sarma
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Anil Rai
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Tusar Kanti Behera
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
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19
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Churikova AK, Nekoval SN. Biological agents and their metabolites to control <i>Meloidogyne</i> spp. when growing vegetables (review). SOUTH OF RUSSIA: ECOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-175-186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Aim. Analysis of modern studies on the effectiveness of fungi and antagonist bacteria against Meloidogyne root‐knot nematodes on vegetable crops.Materials and Methods. Studies of Russian and foreign scientists on the use of biological agents and their metabolites to control Meloidogyne spp. when growing vegetables have been carefully analysed.Results. The harmfulness of gall nematodes on vegetable crops is described. Studies on the most pathogenic species of Meloidogyne, including those common in Russia, are summarised. Information is given regarding features of the relationship between the host plant and phytoparasites are highlighted. An analysis of the range of chemical and biological nematicides is presented. The problem of the lack of effective environmentally friendly products able to control root‐knot nematodes on vegetables, including the prospect of using biological agents, has been identified. The features of ongoing research on the study of the nematicidal activity of biological agents and their metabolites to control various stages of development of Meloidogyne species have been collected, analysed, systematised and described. The prospect of studying the mechanisms of action of microorganisms against root‐knot nematodes is substantiated in order to create new effective biological nematicides that allow the growth of high‐quality and healthy vegetable products.Conclusion. Gall nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) remain a current pest of soil‐grown vegetables. Scientists are actively working on the study of nematophagous fungi and antagonist bacteria to create environmentally friendly biological nematicides. With proper use, biological agents and their metabolites can help protect plants from phytoparasites at the level of chemical nematicides and have an additional beneficial effect on the growth and development of vegetable crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. N. Nekoval
- Federal Research Center of Biological Plant Protection
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20
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Barka GD, Lee J. Advances in S gene targeted genome-editing and its applicability to disease resistance breeding in selected Solanaceae crop plants. Bioengineered 2022; 13:14646-14666. [PMID: 35891620 PMCID: PMC9342254 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2099599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-editing tools for the development of traits to tolerate abiotic and biotic adversaries are the recently devised breeding techniques revolutionizing molecular breeding by addressing the issues of rapidness and precision. To that end, disease resistance development by disrupting disease susceptibility genes (S genes) to intervene in the biological mechanism of pathogenicity has significantly improved the techniques of molecular breeding. Despite the achievements in genome-editing aimed at the intervention of the function of susceptibility determinants or gene regulatory elements, off-target effects associated with yield-related traits are still the main setbacks. The challenges are attributed to the complexity of the inheritance of traits controlled by pleiotropic genes. Therefore, a more rigorous genome-editing tool with ultra-precision and efficiency for the development of broad-spectrum and durable disease resistance applied to staple crop plants is of critical importance in molecular breeding programs. The main objective of this article is to review the most impressive progresses achieved in resistance breeding against the main diseases of three Solanaceae crops (potato, Solanum tuberosum; tomato, Solanum lycopersicum and pepper, Capsicum annuum) using genome-editing by disrupting the sequences of S genes, their promoters, or pathogen genes. In this paper, we discussed the complexity and applicability of genome-editing tools, summarized the main disease of Solanaceae crops, and compiled the recent reports on disease resistance developed by S-gene silencing and their off-target effects. Moreover, GO count and gene annotation were made for pooled S-genes from biological databases. Achievements and prospects of S-gene-based next-generation breeding technologies are also discussed. Most S genes are membrane –anchored and are involved in infection and pre-penetration process S gene-editing is less likely to cause an off-target effect Gene-editing has been considered a more acceptable engineering tool Editing S genes either from the pathogen or host ends has opened new possibilities
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Affiliation(s)
- Geleta Dugassa Barka
- Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea.,Department of Applied Biology, School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia
| | - Jundae Lee
- Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
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The invasion biology of tomato begomoviruses in Costa Rica reveals neutral synergism that may lead to increased disease pressure and economic loss. Virus Res 2022; 317:198793. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Khar A, Zimik M, Verma P, Singh H, Mangal M, Singh MC, Gupta AJ. Molecular marker-based characterization of cytoplasm and restorer of male sterility (Ms) locus in commercially grown onions in India. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:5535-5545. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07451-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Alarcón S, Tereucán G, Cornejo P, Contreras B, Ruiz A. Metabolic and antioxidant effects of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in crops of flesh-coloured Solanum tuberosum treated with fungicides. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:2270-2280. [PMID: 34625964 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solanum tuberosum tubers have higher content of phenolic compounds such as hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives (HCAD) and anthocyanins in coloured genotypes. The use of fungicides for crops is common, but there are few studies regarding the interaction of fungicides and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Here, the AMF-plant interactions and the metabolic responses of three potato genotypes with different tuber colorations (VR808, CB2011-509 and CB2011-104) inoculated with Claroideoglomus claroideum (CC), Claroideoglomus lamellosum (HMC26) or Funneliformis mosseae (HMC7) were studied together with the use of the fungicides MONCUT (M) and ReflectXtra (R). Mycorrhizal traits, phenolic compound profiles and antioxidant activity (AA) were evaluated. RESULTS Despite only two HCADs being identified, with 5-caffeolquinic acid the most abundant, four anthocyanins were detected only in purple potato genotypes. The anthocyanin and HCAD profiles, as well as AA, showed that the CB2011-104 genotype had better characteristics than the other genotypes, while VR808 and CB509 showed similar responses. The responses were dependent on the specific combinations of genotype, fungicide and the AMF strain, and generally showed better responses when colonized by AMFs. CONCLUSION The three potato genotypes had differential responses depending on the inoculated AMFs and the fungicide applied before sowing, where the optimal combinations for antioxidant response, mycorrhization degree and performance were HMC26/R for VR808, HMC7/M for CB2011-509 and HMC26/M for CB2011-104. Our results suggest the existence of functional compatibility that can be registered as beneficial effects even at the genotypic level of the host regarding a specific AMF strain. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Alarcón
- Centro de Investigación en Micorrizas y Sustentabilidad Agroambiental, CIMYSA, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Tereucán
- Centro de Investigación en Micorrizas y Sustentabilidad Agroambiental, CIMYSA, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Pablo Cornejo
- Centro de Investigación en Micorrizas y Sustentabilidad Agroambiental, CIMYSA, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Boris Contreras
- Novaseed Ltda. and Papas Arcoiris Ltda., Puerto Varas, Chile
| | - Antonieta Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación en Micorrizas y Sustentabilidad Agroambiental, CIMYSA, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Coghlan C, Bhagwat S. Geographical patterns in food availability from pollinator-dependent crops: Towards a Pollinator Threat Index of food security. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2022.100614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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25
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Rueda D, Awika HO, Bedre R, Kandel DR, Mandadi KK, Crosby K, Avila CA. Phenotypic Diversity and Association Mapping of Ascorbic Acid Content in Spinach. Front Genet 2022; 12:752313. [PMID: 35046997 PMCID: PMC8762172 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.752313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AsA), or vitamin C, is an essential nutrient for humans. In plants, AsA functions as an antioxidant during normal metabolism or in response to stress. Spinach is a highly nutritious green leafy vegetable that is consumed fresh, cooked or as a part of other dishes. One current goal in spinach breeding programs is to enhance quality and nutritional content. However, little is known about the diversity of nutritional content present in spinach germplasm, especially for AsA content. In this study, a worldwide panel of 352 accessions was screened for AsA content showing that variability in spinach germplasm is high and could be utilized for cultivar improvement. In addition, a genome-wide association study for marker-trait association was performed using three models, and associated markers were searched in the genome for functional annotation analysis. The generalized linear model (GLM), the compressed mixed linear model (CMLM) based on population parameters previously determined (P3D) and the perMarker model together identified a total of 490 significant markers distributed across all six spinach chromosomes indicating the complex inheritance of the trait. The different association models identified unique and overlapping marker sets, where 27 markers were identified by all three models. Identified high AsA content accessions can be used as parental lines for trait introgression and to create segregating populations for further genetic analysis. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that identified markers can differentiate between high and low AsA content accessions and that, upon validation, these markers should be useful for breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Rueda
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Henry O Awika
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States
| | - Renesh Bedre
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States
| | - Devi R Kandel
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States
| | - Kranthi K Mandadi
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States.,Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Kevin Crosby
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Carlos A Avila
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.,Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States
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26
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Aviles MV, Naef EF, Gómez MB, Abalos RA. Consumer-consumption characteristics of ready-to-eat sous vide food products within the habitual context of the household. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-6723.05121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Preparing cooked food by sous vide is an alternative for the design of products that permit the consumer to eat quickly and practically, without losing the sensory and nutritional characteristics of foods. This study aimed to determine the sensory properties, the overall liking, and the consumer-consumption characteristics and predispositions regarding ready-to-eat high-nutritional-quality preparations made with locally produced vegetables and cooked by the sous vide technique. A vegetable millefeuille and a chicken and vegetable hamburger were prepared for sensory characterization. Questions related to the consumer's consumption characteristics and predisposition to purchase this type of product were incorporated into the survey. Consumers performed the sensory evaluation in their home, within the habitual living ambience where they consumed their usual diet. The results revealed that most consumers accepted both millefeuille (100 %) and chicken and vegetable hamburger (92 %) and also reported a predisposition for purchasing both preparations (87 % and 84 %, respectively). The main characteristics that made the consumption attractive were quality (95%), market availability (89 %), lack of practical cooking skills (87 %), the price (84 %), the shortness of time invested in preparation (78 %), and the consumer's occupation (73 %). These types of preparations constitute an innovative alternative for the design of products of higher nutritional quality, without ignoring the requirements for their consumption.
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27
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Quantification of Heavy Metals and Pesticide Residues in Widely Consumed Nigerian Food Crops Using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and Gas Chromatography (GC). Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13120870. [PMID: 34941708 PMCID: PMC8705029 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13120870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
More still needs to be learned regards the relative contamination of heavy metals and pesticide residues, particularly those found in widely consumed Nigerian food crops like cereals, vegetables, and tubers. In this current study, the heavy metals and pesticide residues detectable in widely consumed Nigerian food crops were respectively quantified using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and gas chromatography (GC). Specifically, the widely consumed Nigerian food crops included cereals (rice, millet, and maize), legume (soybean), tubers (yam and cassava), as well as leaf (fluted pumpkin, Amaranthus leaf, waterleaf, and scent leaf) and fruit vegetables (okro, cucumber, carrot, and watermelon). Results showed that the detected heavy metals included arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), and nickel (Ni), whereas the pesticide residues included Aldrin, Carbofuran, g-chlordane, Chlorpyrifos, DichloroBiphenyl, Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), Dichlorvos, Endosulfan, Heptachlor, Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), Isopropylamine, Lindane, t-nonachlor, and Profenofos. Across the studied food crops, the concentrations of heavy metals and pesticides were varied, with different trends as they largely fell below the established maximum permissible limits, and with some exceptions. Our findings suggest there could be a somewhat gradual decline in the concentration of the heavy metals and pesticide residues of these studied food crops when compared to previously published reports specific to Nigeria. To help substantiate this observation and supplement existing information, further investigations are required into the concentration of these heavy metals and pesticide residues specific to these studied food crops at other parts of the country.
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28
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Cooper GS, Shankar B, Rich KM, Ratna NN, Alam MJ, Singh N, Kadiyala S. Can fruit and vegetable aggregation systems better balance improved producer livelihoods with more equitable distribution? WORLD DEVELOPMENT 2021; 148:105678. [PMID: 34866757 PMCID: PMC8520944 DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The need for food systems to generate sustainable and equitable benefits for all is a global imperative. However, whilst ample evidence exists linking smallholder farmer coordination and aggregation (i.e. the collective transport and marketing of produce on behalf of multiple farmers) to improved market participation and farmer incomes, the extent to which interventions that aim to improve farmer market engagement may co-develop equitable consumer benefits remains uncertain. This challenge is pertinent to the horticultural systems of South Asia, where the increasing purchasing power of urban consumers, lengthening urban catchments, underdeveloped rural infrastructures and inadequate local demands combine to undermine the delivery of fresh fruits and vegetables to smaller, often rural or semi-rural markets serving nutritionally insecure populations. To this end, we investigate the potential for aggregation to be developed to increase fruit and vegetable delivery to these neglected smaller markets, whilst simultaneously improving farmer returns. Using an innovative system dynamics modelling approach based on an aggregation scheme in Bihar, India, we identify potential trade-offs between outcomes relating to farmers and consumers in smaller local markets. We find that changes to aggregation alone (i.e. scaling-up participation; subsidising small market transportation; mandating quotas for smaller markets) are unable to achieve significant improvements in smaller market delivery without risking reduced farmer participation in aggregation. Contrastingly, combining aggregation with the introduction of market-based cold storage and measures that boost demand improves fruit and vegetable availability significantly in smaller markets, whilst avoiding farmer-facing trade-offs. Critically, our study emphasises the benefits that may be attained from combining multiple nutrition-sensitive market interventions, and stresses the need for policies that narrow the fruit and vegetable cold storage deficits that exist away from more lucrative markets in developing countries. The future pathways and policy options discovered work towards making win-win futures for farmers and disadvantaged consumers a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Cooper
- Institute for Sustainable Food and Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - B Shankar
- Institute for Sustainable Food and Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - K M Rich
- Ferguson College of Agriculture, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), West Africa Regional Office, Dakar, Senegal
| | - N N Ratna
- Department of Global Value Chain & Trade, Faculty of Agribusiness and Commerce, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - M J Alam
- Department of Agribusiness and Marketing, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - N Singh
- Digital Green, North India Office, New Delhi, India
| | - S Kadiyala
- Department for Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, United Kingdom
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29
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Trivedi NK, Gautam V, Anand A, Aljahdali HM, Villar SG, Anand D, Goyal N, Kadry S. Early Detection and Classification of Tomato Leaf Disease Using High-Performance Deep Neural Network. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21237987. [PMID: 34883991 PMCID: PMC8659659 DOI: 10.3390/s21237987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Tomato is one of the most essential and consumable crops in the world. Tomatoes differ in quantity depending on how they are fertilized. Leaf disease is the primary factor impacting the amount and quality of crop yield. As a result, it is critical to diagnose and classify these disorders appropriately. Different kinds of diseases influence the production of tomatoes. Earlier identification of these diseases would reduce the disease’s effect on tomato plants and enhance good crop yield. Different innovative ways of identifying and classifying certain diseases have been used extensively. The motive of work is to support farmers in identifying early-stage diseases accurately and informing them about these diseases. The Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is used to effectively define and classify tomato diseases. Google Colab is used to conduct the complete experiment with a dataset containing 3000 images of tomato leaves affected by nine different diseases and a healthy leaf. The complete process is described: Firstly, the input images are preprocessed, and the targeted area of images are segmented from the original images. Secondly, the images are further processed with varying hyper-parameters of the CNN model. Finally, CNN extracts other characteristics from pictures like colors, texture, and edges, etc. The findings demonstrate that the proposed model predictions are 98.49% accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh K. Trivedi
- Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (N.K.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Vinay Gautam
- School of Computing, DIT University, Dehradun 248009, India;
| | - Abhineet Anand
- Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (N.K.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Hani Moaiteq Aljahdali
- Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 37848, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Santos Gracia Villar
- Higher Polytechnic School/Industrial Organization Engineering, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain;
- Department of Project Management, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche 24560, Mexico
| | - Divya Anand
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India;
| | - Nitin Goyal
- Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (N.K.T.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence: (N.G.)
| | - Seifedine Kadry
- Faculty of Applied Computing and Technology, Noroff University College, 4608 Kristiansand, Norway;
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30
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Komarnytsky S, Retchin S, Vong CI, Lila MA. Gains and Losses of Agricultural Food Production: Implications for the Twenty-First Century. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2021; 13:239-261. [PMID: 34813357 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-082421-114831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The world food supply depends on a diminishing list of plant crops and animal livestock to not only feed the ever-growing human population but also improve its nutritional state and lower the disease burden. Over the past century or so, technological advances in agricultural and food processing have helped reduce hunger and poverty but have not adequately addressed sustainability targets. This has led to an erosion of agricultural biodiversity and balanced diets and contributed to climate change and rising rates of chronic metabolic diseases. Modern food supply chains have progressively lost dietary fiber, complex carbohydrates, micronutrients, and several classes of phytochemicals with high bioactivity and nutritional relevance. This review introduces the concept of agricultural food systems losses and focuses on improved sources of agricultural diversity, proteins with enhanced resilience, and novel monitoring, processing, and distribution technologies that are poised to improve food security, reduce food loss and waste, and improve health profiles in the near future. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Food Science and Technology, Volume 13 is March 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavko Komarnytsky
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina; .,Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Sophia Retchin
- Kenan-Flagler Business School, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Chi In Vong
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina; .,Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Mary Ann Lila
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina; .,Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
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31
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Kumar M, Giri VP, Pandey S, Gupta A, Patel MK, Bajpai AB, Jenkins S, Siddique KHM. Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Emerging as an Effective Bioinoculant to Improve the Growth, Production, and Stress Tolerance of Vegetable Crops. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212245. [PMID: 34830124 PMCID: PMC8622033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetable cultivation is a promising economic activity, and vegetable consumption is important for human health due to the high nutritional content of vegetables. Vegetables are rich in vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, and several phytochemical compounds. However, the production of vegetables is insufficient to meet the demand of the ever-increasing population. Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) facilitate the growth and production of vegetable crops by acquiring nutrients, producing phytohormones, and protecting them from various detrimental effects. In this review, we highlight well-developed and cutting-edge findings focusing on the role of a PGPR-based bioinoculant formulation in enhancing vegetable crop production. We also discuss the role of PGPR in promoting vegetable crop growth and resisting the adverse effects arising from various abiotic (drought, salinity, heat, heavy metals) and biotic (fungi, bacteria, nematodes, and insect pests) stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (K.H.M.S.)
| | - Ved Prakash Giri
- Division of Microbial Technology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India;
| | - Shipra Pandey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay 400076, India;
| | - Anmol Gupta
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India;
| | - Manish Kumar Patel
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel;
| | | | - Sasha Jenkins
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture and UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia;
| | - Kadambot H. M. Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture and UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia;
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (K.H.M.S.)
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32
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Paradza VM, Khamis FM, Yusuf AA, Subramanian S, Akutse KS. Virulence and horizontal transmission of Metarhizium anisopliae by the adults of the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and the efficacy of oil formulations against its nymphs. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08277. [PMID: 34765790 PMCID: PMC8571502 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenicity of dry conidia and fungal suspensions of 16 entomopathogenic fungal isolates (10 Metarhizium anisopliae and six Beauveria bassiana) was evaluated against adults and second instar nymphs of the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum respectively. All the tested isolates were pathogenic to T. vaporariorum and caused mortality of 45-93% against the adults and 24-89% against the nymphs. However, M. anisopliae strains showed higher virulence to both developmental stages as compared to B. bassiana strains. The three most virulent isolates that caused high mortalities in adults were M. anisopliae ICIPE 18, ICIPE 62 and ICIPE 69, with cumulative mortalities of 82, 91 and 93%, and median lethal times (LT50) of 5.20, 5.05 and 4.78 days, respectively. These isolates were further assessed for spore acquisition and retention by the adult insects at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h after exposure to dry conidia spores. There was no significant difference among isolates on their acquisition by the insects, although the effect of time on the number of spores retained by each insect was significant. For M. anisopliae ICIPE 62 and ICIPE 69, spore number was significantly higher immediately after exposure at 0 h than at 24, 48 and 72 h, whereas for M. anisopliae ICIPE 18, the spore number remained constant for all the days. The infected "donor" insects were able to horizontally transmit the acquired spores to uninfected "recipient" insects causing high mortality rates in both donor and recipient groups. Metarhizium anisopliae ICIPE 7, ICIPE 18 and ICIPE 62 were the most virulent isolates against the nymphs in aqueous formulation during the first screening with >80% mortality. However, in 2% (v/v) oil formulations at 1 × 108 conidia/ml, canola formulated ICIPE 62, ICIPE 18 and olive formulated ICIPE 18 were the most effective, resulting in 87.8, 88.1 and 99.4% nymphal mortalities respectively and with lower LT50. Oil formulations significantly enhanced the efficacy and virulence of the isolates against the nymphs compared to aqueous formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vongai M. Paradza
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
| | - Fathiya M. Khamis
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Abdullahi A. Yusuf
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
| | - Sevgan Subramanian
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Komivi S. Akutse
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
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33
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Middendorf BJ, Traoré H, Middendorf G, Jha PK, Yonli D, Palé S, Prasad PVV. Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on vegetable production systems and livelihoods: Smallholder farmer experiences in Burkina Faso. Food Energy Secur 2021; 11:e337. [PMID: 34900239 PMCID: PMC8646566 DOI: 10.1002/fes3.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
At the onset of COVID-19, researchers quickly recognized the need for research on the consequences of the pandemic for agricultural and food systems, both in terms of immediate impacts on access to inputs and labor, disruptions in transportation and markets, and the longer-term implications on crop productivity, income, and livelihoods. Vegetable production and supply chains are particularly vulnerable due to the perishable nature of the products and labor-intensive production practices. The purpose of this study was to understand the impacts of COVID-19 on vegetable production in Burkina Faso in terms of both the biophysical aspects such as yields and access to inputs and socioeconomic aspects such as access to labor, markets, and social services. A survey was developed to better understand smallholder farmer experiences regarding the impacts of COVID-19 on their vegetable production systems and social well-being. The survey was administered (between August and October 2020) with smallholder farmers (n = 605) in 13 administrative regions covering all agroecological zones of Burkina Faso. The survey results clearly show impacts of COVID-19 on vegetable systems, including a reduction in access to inputs, a reduction in yields, a loss of income, reduced access to local and urban markets, reduced access to transportation, and an increase in post-harvest loss. Market access, distribution, and disruptions were a major shock to the system. Results also showed an increase in women's labor in the household, and for youth, an increase in unemployment, job loss, and concerns of poverty. Finally, food security and social supports were highlighted as major issues for resilience and livelihoods. The results from this survey should be helpful to policymakers and researchers to develop policies and strategies to minimize the negative impacts of this ongoing pandemic on the agri-food systems and support smallholder farmers to overcome stress caused by COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Jan Middendorf
- Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research on Sustainable Intensification Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas USA
| | - Hamidou Traoré
- Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso
| | - Gerad Middendorf
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas USA
| | - Prakash K Jha
- Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research on Sustainable Intensification Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas USA
| | - Djibril Yonli
- Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso
| | - Siébou Palé
- Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso
| | - P V Vara Prasad
- Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research on Sustainable Intensification Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas USA.,Department of Agronomy Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas USA
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34
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A Life Cycle Assessment Approach for Vegetables in Large-, Mid-, and Small-Scale Food Systems in the Midwest US. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132011368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although vegetables are important for healthy diets, there are concerns about the sustainability of food systems that provide them. For example, half of fresh-market vegetables sold in the United States (US) are produced in California, leading to negative impacts associated with transportation. In Iowa, the focus of this study, 90% of food is imported from outside the state. Previous life cycle assessment (LCA) studies indicate that food consumption patterns affect global warming potential (GWP), with animal products having more negative impacts than vegetables. However, studies focused on how GWP, energy, and water use vary between food systems and vegetable types are less common. The purpose of this study was to examine these environmental impacts to inform decisions to buy locally or grow vegetables in the Midwest. We used a life cycle approach to examine three food systems (large-, mid-, and small-scale) and 18 vegetables commonly grown in/near Des Moines, Iowa. We found differences in GWP, energy, and water use (p ≤ 0.001 for each) for the three food systems with the large-scale scenario producing more emissions. There were also differences among vegetables, with the highest GWP for romaine lettuce (1.92 CO2eq/kg vegetable) approximately three times that of leaf lettuce (0.65 CO2eq/kg vegetable) at the large scale. Hotspots and tradeoffs between GWP, energy, and water use were also identified and could inform vegetable production/consumption based on carbon and water use footprints for the US Midwest.
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35
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Ayenan MAT, Aglinglo LA, Zohoungbogbo HPF, N'Danikou S, Honfoga J, Dinssa FF, Hanson P, Afari-Sefa V. Seed Systems of Traditional African Vegetables in Eastern Africa: A Systematic Review. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.689909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional African Vegetables (TAV) play an important role in the livelihoods, food and nutritional security of local populations. Access to high-quality seeds of improved varieties is a foundation for increasing crop productivity. TAV seed systems have received little attention. We systematically reviewed the literature to assess the sustainability (seed quality, availability, accessibility, affordability, and profitability of seed businesses) of TAV seed systems in Eastern Africa. The review revealed that the private sector mediated seed system (i.e., formal) offered higher potential for seed quality, and profitability for seed growers. The community-based seed system showed higher potential in ensuring a better access to seeds. The quality of TAV seeds was partially addressed in the studies with a focus on germination percentage and purity, which varied across systems, crops, and geography. While there was a trend of poorer seed quality in the informal system, seed quality in the formal and community-based systems was not necessarily better. The affordability of seed from the various systems (private sector mediated, community based and informal) needs further investigation. Because TAV seed systems are localized and differ significantly among and within countries, tailored interventions are required when promoting a given TAV seed system. We identified inter-regional gaps in TAV seed systems studies, with all the studies concentrated in Eastern Africa, mainly in Tanzania and Kenya. Filling these gaps will require more investment in other regions in sub-Saharan Africa to document existing initiatives or initiate interventions seeking to promote access to high-quality TAV seeds. This review sheds light on existing gaps in research on TAV seed systems to guide future interventions.
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36
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Abstract
Sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most consumed vegetables in the world, being recognized as a food with high nutritional value. Recently, the market for sweet and colorful mini peppers has increased, especially among the most demanding consumers in the novelties in vegetables and functional foods. In this sense, we evaluated mini sweet peppers genotypes (Akamu, Kaiki, Kalani, Kaolin e Moke from Isla® seeds) regarding the physical-chemical, nutritional and sensory analysis aspects. A wide variability was observed among genotypes, highlighting the Kalani genotype for total carotenoids, and the genotypes Akamu, Kaiki and Kaolin for phenolic totals content and antioxidant activity. Moke and Kaolin showed higher vitamin C content and fruit firmness. Based on sensory analysis, Kalani, Kaiki, Kaolin and Akamu obtained greater global acceptance. The genotypes can be considered an important marketing strategy of mini sweet peppers trade, associating different shapes, colors and nutritional quality.
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37
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Mohammadi L, Tanaka F, Tanaka F. Preservation of strawberry fruit with an
Aloe vera
gel and basil (
Ocimum basilicum
) essential oil coating at ambient temperature. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Mohammadi
- Laboratory of Post harvest Science Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Fumina Tanaka
- Laboratory of Post harvest Science Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Fumihiko Tanaka
- Laboratory of Post harvest Science Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
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38
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Sangija F, Martin H, Matemu A. African nightshades (Solanum nigrum complex): The potential contribution to human nutrition and livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:3284-3318. [PMID: 33938139 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Achieving zero hunger in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) without minimizing postharvest losses of agricultural products is impossible. Therefore, a holistic approach is vital to end hunger, simultaneously improving food security, diversity, and livelihoods. This review focuses on the African nightshades (ANS) Solanum spp. contribution to improving food and nutrition security in SSA. Different parts of ANS are utilized as food and medicine; however, pests and diseases hinder ANS utilization. African nightshade is rich in micronutrients such as β-carotene, vitamins C and E, minerals (iron, calcium, and zinc), and dietary fiber. The leaves contain a high amount of nutrients than the berries. Proper utilization of ANS can contribute to ending hidden hunger, mainly in children and pregnant women. Literature shows that ANS contains antinutritional factors such as oxalate, phytate, nitrate, and alkaloids; however, their quantities are low to cause potential health effects. Several improved varieties with high yields, rich in nutrients, and low alkaloids have been developed in SSA. Various processing and preservation techniques such as cooking, drying, and fermentation are feasible techniques for value addition on ANS in SSA; moreover, most societies are yet to adopt them effectively. Furthermore, promoting value addition and commercialization of ANS is of importance and can create more jobs. Therefore, this review provides an overview of ANS production and challenges that hinder their utilization, possible solutions, and future research suggestions. This review concludes that ANS is an essential nutritious leafy vegetable for improving nutrition and livelihoods in SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Sangija
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Nutritional Sciences (FBNS), Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Haikael Martin
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Nutritional Sciences (FBNS), Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Athanasia Matemu
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Nutritional Sciences (FBNS), Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), Arusha, Tanzania
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Puthiyottil P, Akkara Y. Pre treatment with Bacillus subtilis mitigates drought induced photo-oxidative damages in okra by modulating antioxidant system and photochemical activity. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:945-957. [PMID: 34092946 PMCID: PMC8140019 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-00982-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Growth promoting potential of Bacillus subtilis (BS) in drought stressed Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench (okra) was assessed by measuring the chlorophyll stability index (CSI), chlorophyll a (Chl-a) fluorescence, leaf osmotic potential and lipid peroxidation by malondialdehyde content, emission of reactive oxygen species (ROS), osmolyte content and the activity of non-enzyme and enzyme antioxidants. BS treatment significantly increased the leaf osmotic potential, osmolyte production and the activity of non-enzyme and enzyme antioxidants under drought stress. BS treatment mitigated the drought-induced reduction in Chl a fluorescence and CSI. Concomitant increase in total sugar, proline, non-enzyme antioxidants [glutathione and ascorbate] and enzyme antioxidants like superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase and dehydroascorbate reductase modulate the intracellular ROS concentration in okra to resist the stress induced oxidative damage in BS treated plants led to fast recovery and less photodamage. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-00982-8.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yusuf Akkara
- Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Calicut, Kerala 673635 India
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Mani SD, Pandey S, Govindan M, Muthamilarasan M, Nagarathnam R. Transcriptome dynamics underlying elicitor-induced defense responses against Septoria leaf spot disease of tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.). PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:873-888. [PMID: 33967469 PMCID: PMC8055812 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-00970-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Elicitor-induced defense response against potential plant pathogens has been widely reported in several crop plants; however, transcriptome dynamics underlying such defense response remains elusive. Our previous study identified and characterized a novel elicitor, κ-carrageenan, from Kappaphycus alvarezii, a marine red seaweed. Our preliminary studies have shown that the elicitor-treatment enhances the tolerance of a susceptible tomato cultivar to Septoria lycopersici (causative agent of leaf spot disease). To gain further insights into the genes regulated during elicitor treatment followed by pathogen infection, we have performed RNA-Seq experiments under different treatments, namely, control (untreated and uninfected), elicitor treatment, pathogen infection alone, and elicitor treatment followed by pathogen infection. To validate the results, forty-three genes belonging to five different classes, namely, ROS activating and detoxifying enzyme encoding genes, DEAD-box RNA helicase genes, autophagy-related genes, cysteine proteases, and pathogenesis-related genes, were chosen. Expression profiling of each gene was performed using qRT-PCR, and the data was correlated with the RNA-seq data. Altogether, the study has pinpointed a repertoire of genes that could be potential candidates for further functional characterization to provide insights into novel elicitor-induced fungal defense and develop transgenic lines resistant to foliar diseases. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-00970-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumithra Devi Mani
- Unit of Plant Pathology, Center for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Tamil Nadu, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025 India
| | - Saurabh Pandey
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110 067 India
| | - Muthukumar Govindan
- Unit of Plant Pathology, Center for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Tamil Nadu, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025 India
| | - Mehanathan Muthamilarasan
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046 Telangana India
| | - Radhakrishnan Nagarathnam
- Unit of Plant Pathology, Center for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Tamil Nadu, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025 India
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Sharma S, Katoch V, Kumar S, Chatterjee S. Functional relationship of vegetable colors and bioactive compounds: Implications in human health. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 92:108615. [PMID: 33705954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Vegetables are essential protective diet ingredients that supply ample amounts of minerals, vitamins, carbohydrates, proteins, dietary fiber, and various nutraceutical compounds for protection against various disease conditions. Color is the most important quality parameter for the farmers to access the harvest maturity while for the consumer's reliable indices to define acceptability or rejection. The colored vegetables contain functional compounds like chlorophylls, carotenoids, betalains, anthocyanins, etc. well recognized for their antioxidant, antimicrobial, hypolipidemic, neuroprotective, antiaging, diuretic, and antidiabetic properties. Recently, there has been a shift in food consumption patterns from processed to semi-processed or fresh fruits and vegetables to ensure a healthy disease-free life. This shifted the focus of agriculture scientists and food processors from food security to nutrition security. This has resulted in recent improvements to existing crops like blue tomato, orange cauliflower, colored and/or black carrots, with improved color, and thus enriched bioactive compounds. Exhaustive laboratory trials though are required to document and establish their minimum effective concentrations, bioavailability, and specific health benefits. Efforts should also be directed to breed color-rich cultivars or to improve the existing varieties through conventional and molecular breeding approaches. The present review has been devoted to a better understanding of vegetable colors with specific health benefits and to provide in-hand information about the effect of specific pigment on body organs, the effect of processing on their bioavailability, and recent improvements in colors to ensure a healthy lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Sharma
- Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK HPKV, Palampur-176062 (H.P.), India; MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan-173229 (H.P.), India.
| | - Viveka Katoch
- Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK HPKV, Palampur-176062 (H.P.), India
| | - Satish Kumar
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag, Mandi, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, 173230 (H.P.), India
| | - Subhrajyoti Chatterjee
- Department of Horticulture, MSSSOA, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India
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Schreinemachers P, Howard J, Turner M, Groot SN, Dubey B, Mwadzingeni L, Chagomoka T, Ngugi M, Afari-Sefa V, Hanson P, Wopereis MCS. Africa’s evolving vegetable seed sector: status, policy options and lessons from Asia. Food Secur 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12571-021-01146-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractFostering better access to more nutritious foods across sub-Saharan Africa will be critical to ending hunger and malnutrition. In Asia, vegetable production and consumption have grown rapidly since the 1990s and the development of a dynamic vegetable seed industry, led by the private sector, played a pivotal role in this process. The availability of locally-bred and adapted varieties facilitated the rapid expansion of production and increased the supply of affordable vegetables to consumers. In contrast, the vegetable seed sector in sub-Saharan Africa has been slow to develop and has received little attention in the development agenda. Drawing from Asia’s experience, this paper outlines a four-point strategy to accelerate the vegetable seed sector in sub-Saharan Africa. First, there is a need to strengthen the technical capacity of African seed companies to allow them to develop varieties that are well-adapted to local conditions and consumer preferences. Second, seed regulations, originally designed with food grains in mind, should be reviewed and revised to facilitate domestic vegetable breeding research and seed production. Third, more farmer extension is needed to exploit improved varieties together with good management practices. Fourth, vegetable marketing systems should be strengthened to reduce risks to farmers and traders. Investment in these four areas will help energize private sector investment in the vegetable seed sector. Asian experience suggests that investment in locally adapted vegetable varieties is a critical step in improving productivity, availability and ultimately consumption of nutritious vegetables.
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Rodrigues BÁ, do Nascimento MMF, Bittencourt JVM. Mapping of the behavior of scientific publications since the decade of 1990 until the present day in the field of food and nutrition security. Scientometrics 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11192-020-03679-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gibson E, Stacey N, Sunderland TCH, Adhuri DS. Coping or adapting? Experiences of food and nutrition insecurity in specialised fishing households in Komodo District, eastern Indonesia. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:355. [PMID: 33588828 PMCID: PMC7885255 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10248-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing recognition of the need for fish to be better integrated into nutrition-sensitive strategies for addressing malnutrition. Fish are overwhelmingly produced by the small-scale sector, which supports food and nutrition security directly through the provision of fish and indirectly through the generation of income which can be used to purchase other desired foods. However, there has been relatively little research on the extent of food and nutrition security in specialised fishing communities. This study assessed food and nutrition security among households in specialised fishing communities in Komodo District, eastern Indonesia. METHODS We assessed the seasonal nutrition quality of household diets using the Food Consumption Score for nutritional analysis and food insecurity using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale in 66 households across three communities, using a modified cluster sampling strategy. We calculated and generated descriptive statistics for these indicators with Microsoft Excel and ran a logistic generalized linear mixed model to determine factors associated with severe food insecurity using SPSS. We used semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions to understand perceptions of, change over time, and strategies for dealing with food shortfalls. RESULTS While most households have acceptable access to nutritious foods, especially protein and heme iron-rich foods, nearly one half of households consumed vitamin A rich foods on less than 3 days of the 7-day recall period in either season. More than half of households reported experiencing a moderate or severe level of food insecurity, with higher food insecurity in the wet season. Low maternal education (OR: 3.8, 95%CI 1.5-9.9) and lower household wealth (OR: 0.5, 95%CI 0.3-0.9) were found to be associated with a severe level of food insecurity. Household's consumptive and non-consumptive response strategies reflect adaptation to chronic food insecurity but are nutritionally and economically unsustainable. CONCLUSION Households in specialised fishing communities in Komodo District consumed diets with low diversity and experienced high levels of food insecurity. There is a need for culturally-appropriate nutrition-sensitive strategies to enhance food and nutrition security in vulnerable fishing communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Gibson
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Darwin, Northern Territory Australia
| | - Natasha Stacey
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Darwin, Northern Territory Australia
| | - Terry C. H. Sunderland
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Colombia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Dedi S. Adhuri
- Research Centre for Society and Culture, Indonesia Institute of Sciences, Jl.Jend Gatot Subroto 10, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Buturi CV, Mauro RP, Fogliano V, Leonardi C, Giuffrida F. Mineral Biofortification of Vegetables as a Tool to Improve Human Diet. Foods 2021; 10:223. [PMID: 33494459 PMCID: PMC7911230 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetables represent pillars of good nutrition since they provide important phytochemicals such as fiber, vitamins, antioxidants, as well as minerals. Biofortification proposes a promising strategy to increase the content of specific compounds. As minerals have important functionalities in the human metabolism, the possibility of enriching fresh consumed products, such as many vegetables, adopting specific agronomic approaches, has been considered. This review discusses the most recent findings on agronomic biofortification of vegetables, aimed at increasing in the edible portions the content of important minerals, such as calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iodine (I), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and silicon (Si). The focus was on selenium and iodine biofortification thus far, while for the other mineral elements, aspects related to vegetable typology, genotypes, chemical form, and application protocols are far from being well defined. Even if agronomic fortification is considered an easy to apply technique, the approach is complex considering several interactions occurring at crop level, as well as the bioavailability of different minerals for the consumer. Considering the latter, only few studies examined in a broad approach both the definition of biofortification protocols and the quantification of bioavailable fraction of the element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Vanessa Buturi
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia, 5-95123 Catania, Italy; (C.V.B.); (C.L.); (F.G.)
| | - Rosario Paolo Mauro
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia, 5-95123 Catania, Italy; (C.V.B.); (C.L.); (F.G.)
| | - Vincenzo Fogliano
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Cherubino Leonardi
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia, 5-95123 Catania, Italy; (C.V.B.); (C.L.); (F.G.)
| | - Francesco Giuffrida
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia, 5-95123 Catania, Italy; (C.V.B.); (C.L.); (F.G.)
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Lebaka VR, Wee YJ, Ye W, Korivi M. Nutritional Composition and Bioactive Compounds in Three Different Parts of Mango Fruit. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:E741. [PMID: 33467139 PMCID: PMC7830918 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mango (Mangifera indica L.), known as the king of fruits, has an attractive taste and fragrance and high nutritional value. Mango is commercially important in India, where ~55% of the global crop is produced. The fruit has three main parts: pulp, peel, and kernel. The pulp is the most-consumed part, while the peel and kernel are usually discarded. Mango pulp is a source of a variety of reducing sugars, amino acids, aromatic compounds, and functional compounds, such as pectin, vitamins, anthocyanins, and polyphenols. Mango processing generates peels and kernels as bio-wastes, though they also have nutraceutical significance. Functional compounds in the peel, including protocatechuic acids, mangiferin and β-carotene are known for their antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic properties. The mango kernel has higher antioxidant and polyphenolic contents than the pulp and peel and is used for oil extraction; it's possible usage in combination with corn and wheat flour in preparing nutraceuticals is being increasingly emphasized. This review aims to provide nutraceutical and pharmacological information on all three parts of mango to help understand the defense mechanisms of its functional constituents, and the appropriate use of mangoes to enhance our nutrition and health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Young-Jung Wee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - Weibing Ye
- Exercise and Metabolism Research Center, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Mallikarjuna Korivi
- Exercise and Metabolism Research Center, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
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Zonneveld M, Kindt R, Solberg SØ, N'Danikou S, Dawson IK. Diversity and conservation of traditional African vegetables: Priorities for action. DIVERS DISTRIB 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Zonneveld
- Genetic Resources and Seed Unit World Vegetable CenterHeadquarters Shanhua Taiwan
| | | | - Svein Ø. Solberg
- Faculty of Applied Ecology Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences Elverum Norway
| | - Sognigbé N'Danikou
- World Vegetable Center, Eastern and Southern Africa office Arusha Tanzania
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Mkonyi L, Rubanga D, Richard M, Zekeya N, Sawahiko S, Maiseli B, Machuve D. Early identification of Tuta absoluta in tomato plants using deep learning. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Conservation Agriculture and Integrated Pest Management Practices Improve Yield and Income while Reducing Labor, Pests, Diseases and Chemical Pesticide Use in Smallholder Vegetable Farms in Nepal. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12166418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Improving smallholder vegetable farms are critical for improving food security and livelihoods of people in low-income countries. Vegetable production is labor intensive and prone to pests and diseases. Conservation agriculture (CA) and integrated pest management (IPM) practices provide options to increase yields and minimize the use of chemical pesticides. We compared integration of CA and IPM practices (improved alternative system) with farmers’ traditional practice (conventional system) under replicated on-farm tests in four different locations (Lalitpur, Banke, Surkhet, and Dadeldhura) in Nepal. Data on yield, benefit–cost ratio (B:C), labor requirement, insect and disease infestation, and pesticide sprays on five major vegetable crops (tomato, cucumber, bitter gourd, cabbage, cauliflower) were measured. In tomatoes, cucumbers, and bitter gourds, the improved alternative system produced a significantly higher yield, greater benefit-cost ratio, reduced labor, decreased the infestation of pests and diseases, and required fewer pesticidal sprays. Average yield and net income were superior in cabbages and cauliflowers, but nonsignificant. Improved alternative system for all the vegetables were sprayed significantly fewer times than the conventional system. Overall, the improved alternative system for vegetable crops contributed not only to the improved income and livelihoods of people, but also can improve environment and human health due to the reduced use of pesticides. Further research on scaling these improved alternative practices through appropriate farmer organizations, and government and non-government actors can enhance the adoption of CA and IPM practices by smallholder vegetable producers.
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Ebert AW. The Role of Vegetable Genetic Resources in Nutrition Security and Vegetable Breeding. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9060736. [PMID: 32545299 PMCID: PMC7357112 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Malnutrition, comprising undernutrition, micronutrient deficiency, and overnutrition, is more widespread than hunger per se and affects most nations around the globe. The diversity and the quality of food produced and consumed are decisive factors when addressing the triple burden of malnutrition. In this context, fruit, vegetables, and nuts are increasingly moving into the focus of the nutrition community. Agricultural policies and investments in agriculture are predominantly focused on staple food production, neglecting the economic and nutritional potential of fruit and vegetables. While global vegetables are well represented in genebanks around the globe, this is much less the case for traditional vegetables. Collecting efforts in hotspots of vegetable diversity in Africa and Asia are required to conserve this germplasm before it is being replaced by modern varieties. Home gardens, community seedbanks, and variety introduction through vegetable seed kits are ways how genebanks can link with the farming community to strengthen the informal seed sector. This in turn may result in more diverse production systems and increased consumption of fruit and vegetables. In the formal seed sector, vegetable breeders need access to a wide diversity of genetic resources, predominantly farmers’ varieties, landraces, and crop wild relatives. Genomics-assisted breeding is increasingly facilitating the introgression of favorable genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with complex inheritance patterns from wild species into cultigens. This will lead to wider use of crop wild relatives in the development of resilient cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas W Ebert
- World Vegetable Center, 60 Yi-Min Liao, Shanhua, Tainan 74151, Taiwan
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