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Hoffman LC, Schreuder J, Cozzolino D. Food authenticity and the interactions with human health and climate change. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-14. [PMID: 39101830 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2387329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Food authenticity and fraud, as well as the interest in food traceability have become a topic of increasing interest not only for consumers but also for the research community and the food manufacturing industry. Food authenticity and fraud are becoming prevalent in both the food supply and value chains since ancient times where different issues (e.g., food spoilage during shipment and storage, mixing decay foods with fresh products) has resulted in foods that influence consumers health. The effect of climate change on the quality of food ingredients and products could also have the potential to influence food authenticity. However, this issue has not been considered. This article focused on the interactions between consumer health and the potential effects of climate change on food authenticity and fraud. The role of technology and development of risk management tools to mitigate these issues are also discussed. Where applicable papers that underline the links between the interactions of climate change, human health and food fraud were referenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louwrens C Hoffman
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jana Schreuder
- Food Science Department, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Daniel Cozzolino
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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2
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AlFraj NK. Determinants of meat and milk production of Awassi sheep in Syria: A Cobb-Douglas production function estimation approach. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34566. [PMID: 39114024 PMCID: PMC11304007 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Awassi is a fat-tailed sheep breed, and the best breed in Syria is famous. Awassi sheep are Syria's main source of red meat and milk production. In this study, we estimated the influence of various factors on sheep meat and milk production using time-series data from 1961 to 2020. This study employed the Cobb-Douglas production function to analyze the data. The results obtained indicate that Awassi meat production in Syria was positively and significantly influenced by carcass weight (p < 0.001) and quantity of slaughtered sheep (p < 0.001), with elasticity coefficients of 0.994 and 1.000, respectively. The model results show that raw milk yield and milk animals have a positive and significant influence on milk production at the 0.1 % significance level, with an elasticity coefficient of 0.998. However, climatic factors (precipitation and temperature) have a significant effect and negative influence on milk production at the 1 % and 5 % significance levels, respectively. This result sheds light on the policies and procedures the government should implement to develop sheep production in Syria. Therefore, it can be stated that policymakers should enhance the quality and productivity characterization of sheep through the implementation of breeding programs, improve grazing potential, and protect natural pastures. Furthermore, feed rations should be supported to help breeders overcome the effects of drought and high feed prices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naji Khames AlFraj
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Al Furat University, Deir-ez-Zor, Syrian Arab Republic
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3
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Chotigawin R, Semangoen T, Chailerd N, Sangnim T, Asa P, Pahasup-Anan T, Huanbutta K. Air quality assessment of poultry and swine houses in Chonburi Province. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38976285 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2024.2376578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The increased consumption of animal products has led to a proliferation of animal husbandry operations, particularly in agricultural countries. Animal husbandry facilities or livestock farming directly impact the physical, chemical, and biological aspects of the environment, giving rise to various issues such as odors, contamination of water and air sources with pathogens, and potential contamination of meat products originating from these facilities. This research aims to assess the impacts on the physical (temperature, relative humidity and air velocity), chemical (carbon dioxide, total volatile organic compounds and particulate matter), and biological air quality assessment (amount and type of bioaerosols) aspects resulting from pig and poultry farming. The findings will serve as valuable data for managing and addressing these aforementioned issues. It was found that both in poultry and swine houses generated total suspended particles (TSP) and PM10 (Particulate Matter with a diameter of 10 µm or less). Analysis of poultry house exhaust revealed elevated concentrations of TSP and PM10 exceeding established health benchmarks. Chickens tend to produce a higher concentration of VOCs (2.07 ± 0.57 ppm) compared to swine (0.82 ± 0.53 ppm). Staphylococcus epidermidis was predominant bacteria in both swine and poultry houses while Cladosporium sp was the most prevalent fungi in poultry houses. These results in this study are very useful for developing targeted mitigation strategies, products, devices to address specific pollutants produced by each type of livestock, reducing overall environmental impact and improving air quality within and around animal husbandry facilities.Implications: This research highlights how the growing demand for meat is affecting the environment, especially in farming areas. By studying the effects of pig and poultry farming on things like air and water quality, the study shows the challenges these farms pose, like bad smells and pollution. They found that both types of farms release a lot of tiny particles and smelly chemicals into the air, but there are differences between them. Understanding these findings can help us develop ways to reduce the pollution from these farms and make the air cleaner for everyone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotruedee Chotigawin
- Programme of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Tistaya Semangoen
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Nattida Chailerd
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Tanikan Sangnim
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Paradee Asa
- Programme of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Taddao Pahasup-Anan
- Programme of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Kampanart Huanbutta
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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Kahiu N, Anchang J, Alulu V, Fava FP, Jensen N, Hanan NP. Leveraging browse and grazing forage estimates to optimize index-based livestock insurance. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14834. [PMID: 38937500 PMCID: PMC11211467 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62893-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
African pastoralists suffer recurrent droughts that cause high livestock mortality and vulnerability to climate change. The index-based livestock insurance (IBLI) program offers protection against drought impacts. However, the current IBLI design relying on the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) may pose limitation because it does not consider the mixed composition of rangelands (including herbaceous and woody plants) and the diverse feeding habits of grazers and browsers. To enhance IBLI, we assessed the efficacy of utilizing distinct browse and grazing forage estimates from woody LAI (LAIW) and herbaceous LAI (LAIH), respectively, derived from aggregate leaf area index (LAIA), as an alternative to NDVI for refined IBLI design. Using historical livestock mortality data from northern Kenya as reference ground dataset, our analysis compared two competing models for (1) aggregate forage estimates including sub-models for NDVI, LAI (LAIA); and (2) partitioned biomass model (LAIP) comprising LAIH and LAIW. By integrating forage estimates with ancillary environmental variables, we found that LAIP, with separate forage estimates, outperformed the aggregate models. For total livestock mortality, LAIP yielded the lowest RMSE (5.9 TLUs) and higher R2 (0.83), surpassing NDVI and LAIA models RMSE (9.3 TLUs) and R2 (0.6). A similar pattern was observed for species-specific livestock mortality. The influence of environmental variables across the models varied, depending on level of mortality aggregation or separation. Overall, forage availability was consistently the most influential variable, with species-specific models showing the different forage preferences in various animal types. These results suggest that deriving distinct browse and grazing forage estimates from LAIP has the potential to reduce basis risk by enhancing IBLI index accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Njoki Kahiu
- New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, USA.
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - J Anchang
- New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, USA
| | - V Alulu
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - F P Fava
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - N Jensen
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - N P Hanan
- New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, USA
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Lee J, Kim DH, Lee K. Myostatin gene role in regulating traits of poultry species for potential industrial applications. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:82. [PMID: 38825693 PMCID: PMC11145818 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The myostatin (MSTN) gene is considered a potential genetic marker to improve economically important traits in livestock, since the discovery of its function using the MSTN knockout mice. The anti-myogenic function of the MSTN gene was further demonstrated in farm animal species with natural or induced mutations. In poultry species, myogenesis in cell culture was regulated by modulation of the MSTN gene. Also, different expression levels of the MSTN gene in poultry models with different muscle mass have been reported, indicating the conserved myogenic function of the MSTN gene between mammalian and avian species. Recent advances of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing techniques have led to development of genome-edited poultry species targeting the MSTN gene to clearly demonstrate its anti-myogenic function and further investigate other potential functions in poultry species. This review summarizes research conducted to understand the function of the MSTN gene in various poultry models from cells to whole organisms. Furthermore, the genome-edited poultry models targeting the MSTN gene are reviewed to integrate diverse effects of the MSTN gene on different traits of poultry species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonbum Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Dong-Hwan Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Kichoon Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Islam MS, Mondal AK, Auwul MR, Faruk Siddiki S, Islam MA. Analysis of the climatic trends and heat stress periods for ruminants rearing in Bangladesh. Vet Anim Sci 2024; 24:100359. [PMID: 38812585 PMCID: PMC11133977 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The production of ruminant livestock is greatly impacted by climate change, as it is anticipated to jeopardise food security due to the increasing heat stress experienced by the animals, which can be measured using the Temperature Humidity Index (THI). The objective of our study was to analyze climatic patterns, identify influential variables and evaluate heat stress episodes through the utilization of the THI to establish a rearing system for ruminants in Bangladesh. The THI value was determined by analyzing meteorological station data spanning from 1995 to 2022 across various climatic zones in Bangladesh. The Mann-Kendall evaluation was used to analyze the THI patterns throughout the study. Our findings indicated that heat stress problems are expected to occur in Bangladesh when THI for ruminant rearing exceeds 74, particularly from February to December. The severity of heat stress in THIruminant 71-90 varied significantly, ranging from normal to extremely severe. We observed that June (90) was the hottest month in the west central region, while January (71) was the coldest in the northwest area. When examining the impact of climatic factors on the THI, we found that air temperature has the highest influence, while relative humidity had the second-highest influence on THI in all areas of Bangladesh. Sunlight length and wind speed influenced the yearly THI marginally but not seasonally. Our findings highlighted a seasonal threat associated with heat stress in the climatic conditions of Bangladesh. It is essential to identify heat stress in ruminants, especially considering the continuing global warming issue. Our results recommend the implementation of heat stress mitigation strategies for ruminant farmers in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Sodrul Islam
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Apurbo Kumar Mondal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Rabiul Auwul
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - S. H. M. Faruk Siddiki
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ashraful Islam
- Department of Livestock services (DLS), Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock (MOFL), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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da Silva WC, da Silva JAR, Martorano LG, da Silva ÉBR, de Carvalho KC, Sousa CEL, Neves KAL, Júnior RNCC, Belo TS, de Santos AGS, de Araújo CV, Joaquim LA, Rodrigues TCGDC, Lourenço-Júnior JDB. Thermal Comfort of Nelore Cattle ( Bos indicus) Managed in Silvopastoral and Traditional Systems Associated with Rumination in a Humid Tropical Environment in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil. Vet Sci 2024; 11:236. [PMID: 38921983 PMCID: PMC11209581 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11060236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the thermal comfort of Nelore cattle (Bos indicus) managed in silvopastoral and traditional systems associated with rumination behavior in a humid tropical environment in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil. The study was carried out on a rural property in Mojuí dos Campos, Pará, Brazil, during the transition period of the year, from June to July 2023. Over these two months, six consecutive data collection days were held. We selected 20 clinically healthy non-castrated male Nelore cattle, aged between 18 and 20 months, with an average weight of 250 kg and body condition score of 3.5 (1-5). These animals were randomly divided into two groups: traditional system (TS) and silvopastoral system (SS). The physiological variables evaluated included RR, RT and BST. The variables were analyzed using the linear mixed model. For agrometeorological variables, higher values were observed between 10:00 a.m. (33 °C) and 6:00 p.m. (30 °C), with the highest temperature observed at 4:00 p.m. (40 °C). The RR showed interactions (p = 0.0214) between systems and times; in general, higher RR were obtained in the Traditional. The animals' RT showed no significant difference (p < 0.05) between the production systems, but there was a statistically significant difference in relation to the time of collection (p < 0.0001). In the BGHI, it was possible to observe that there was mild stress in the period from 22:00 at night to 6:00 in the morning and moderate stress in the period of greatest increase in temperature, from 10:00 in the morning to 18:00 at night. BST showed no statistical difference between the regions studied or between the SP (35.6 °C) and TS (36.25 °C) systems. RT in the TS showed a positive correlation with AT (r = 0.31507; p = 0.0477). RT in the SP showed a positive correlation with THI (r = 35583; p = 0.0242). On the other hand, RT in the SP (r = 0.42873; p = 0.0058) and ST (r = 0.51015; p = 0.0008) showed a positive correlation with BGHI. RR in the TS showed a positive correlation with BGHI (r = 0.44908; p = 0.0037). The greatest amounts of rumination were carried out by animals in the SP system, generally ruminating lying down (p < 0.05). With regard to rumination behavior in the morning and afternoon, there were higher numbers of WS and LD in the TS (p > 0.05). Most of the time, the cattle were LD during the morning and afternoon shifts, and at night and dawn they were WS in the TS. Therefore, the SP offers more thermal comfort advantages compared to the TS system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Welligton Conceição da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Castanhal 68740-970, PA, Brazil; (É.B.R.d.S.); (R.N.C.C.J.); (L.A.J.); (T.C.G.d.C.R.); (J.d.B.L.-J.)
| | | | | | - Éder Bruno Rebelo da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Castanhal 68740-970, PA, Brazil; (É.B.R.d.S.); (R.N.C.C.J.); (L.A.J.); (T.C.G.d.C.R.); (J.d.B.L.-J.)
| | - Katarina Cardoso de Carvalho
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Center of the Amazon (UNAMA), Santarem 68010-200, PA, Brazil; (K.C.d.C.); (C.E.L.S.); (T.S.B.); (A.G.S.d.S.)
| | - Carlos Eduardo Lima Sousa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Center of the Amazon (UNAMA), Santarem 68010-200, PA, Brazil; (K.C.d.C.); (C.E.L.S.); (T.S.B.); (A.G.S.d.S.)
| | | | - Raimundo Nonato Colares Camargo Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Castanhal 68740-970, PA, Brazil; (É.B.R.d.S.); (R.N.C.C.J.); (L.A.J.); (T.C.G.d.C.R.); (J.d.B.L.-J.)
| | - Tatiane Silva Belo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Center of the Amazon (UNAMA), Santarem 68010-200, PA, Brazil; (K.C.d.C.); (C.E.L.S.); (T.S.B.); (A.G.S.d.S.)
| | - Ana Gizela Souza de Santos
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Center of the Amazon (UNAMA), Santarem 68010-200, PA, Brazil; (K.C.d.C.); (C.E.L.S.); (T.S.B.); (A.G.S.d.S.)
| | - Cláudio Vieira de Araújo
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Sinop 78550-728, MT, Brazil;
| | - Leonel António Joaquim
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Castanhal 68740-970, PA, Brazil; (É.B.R.d.S.); (R.N.C.C.J.); (L.A.J.); (T.C.G.d.C.R.); (J.d.B.L.-J.)
| | - Thomaz Cyro Guimarães de Carvalho Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Castanhal 68740-970, PA, Brazil; (É.B.R.d.S.); (R.N.C.C.J.); (L.A.J.); (T.C.G.d.C.R.); (J.d.B.L.-J.)
| | - José de Brito Lourenço-Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Castanhal 68740-970, PA, Brazil; (É.B.R.d.S.); (R.N.C.C.J.); (L.A.J.); (T.C.G.d.C.R.); (J.d.B.L.-J.)
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Fotakis EA, Kontele I, Tzoutzou M, Grammatikopoulou MG, Arvanitaki E, Sergentanis TN, Kotrokois K, Kornarou E, Vassilakou T. Food Insecurity in Greece and across the Globe: A Narrative Literature Review. Foods 2024; 13:1579. [PMID: 38790879 PMCID: PMC11121129 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Food insecurity comprises a major global public health threat, as its effects are detrimental to the mental, physical, and social aspects of the health and well-being of those experiencing it. We performed a narrative literature review on the magnitude of global food insecurity with a special emphasis on Greece and analyzed the major factors driving food insecurity, taking into consideration also the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic. An electronic search of international literature was conducted in three databases. More than 900 million people worldwide experience severe food insecurity, with future projections showing increasing trends. Within Europe, Eastern and Southern European countries display the highest food insecurity prevalence rates, with Greece reporting a prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity ranging between 6.6% and 8% for the period 2019-2022. Climate change, war, armed conflicts and economic crises are major underlying drivers of food insecurity. Amidst these drivers, the COVID-19 pandemic had a profound impact on food insecurity levels around the globe, through halting economic growth, disrupting food supply chains and increasing unemployment and poverty. Tackling food insecurity through addressing its key drivers is essential to any progress towards succeeding the Sustainable Development Goal of "Zero Hunger".
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Alexandros Fotakis
- Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 196 Alexandras Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece; (E.A.F.); (I.K.); (E.A.); (T.N.S.); (K.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Ioanna Kontele
- Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 196 Alexandras Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece; (E.A.F.); (I.K.); (E.A.); (T.N.S.); (K.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Milia Tzoutzou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 72300 Sitia, Greece;
| | - Maria G. Grammatikopoulou
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Eirini Arvanitaki
- Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 196 Alexandras Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece; (E.A.F.); (I.K.); (E.A.); (T.N.S.); (K.K.); (E.K.)
- Open Elderly Care Center, Municipality of Keratsini-Drapetsona, 18756 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros N. Sergentanis
- Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 196 Alexandras Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece; (E.A.F.); (I.K.); (E.A.); (T.N.S.); (K.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Konstantinos Kotrokois
- Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 196 Alexandras Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece; (E.A.F.); (I.K.); (E.A.); (T.N.S.); (K.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Eleni Kornarou
- Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 196 Alexandras Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece; (E.A.F.); (I.K.); (E.A.); (T.N.S.); (K.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Tonia Vassilakou
- Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 196 Alexandras Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece; (E.A.F.); (I.K.); (E.A.); (T.N.S.); (K.K.); (E.K.)
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Sosa D, Alves FM, Prieto MA, Pedrosa MC, Heleno SA, Barros L, Feliciano M, Carocho M. Lemna minor: Unlocking the Value of This Duckweed for the Food and Feed Industry. Foods 2024; 13:1435. [PMID: 38790736 PMCID: PMC11120004 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Duckweed (Lemna minor L.) is a small floating aquatic plant that has an important economic impact in several industrial areas. With its high biomass production, reasonable protein content, and resilience to several climates, it has been attracting increasing interest for potential use in animal and human food systems. Historically consumed in southwest Asia, this duckweed is now gaining attention as a potential novel food in Europe. This manuscript explores the contributions of duckweed to various food and feed industries, including aquaculture and livestock, while also pointing out the incipient research carried out for human consumption. Most importantly, it highlights the potential of Lemna minor as a vegetable for future human consumption whether eaten whole or through extraction of its nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Sosa
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (D.S.); (F.M.A.); (M.C.P.); (S.A.H.); (L.B.); (M.F.)
- Laboratório Associado Para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Felipe M. Alves
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (D.S.); (F.M.A.); (M.C.P.); (S.A.H.); (L.B.); (M.F.)
- Laboratório Associado Para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Miguel A. Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain;
| | - Mariana C. Pedrosa
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (D.S.); (F.M.A.); (M.C.P.); (S.A.H.); (L.B.); (M.F.)
- Laboratório Associado Para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina (CBQF), Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandrina A. Heleno
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (D.S.); (F.M.A.); (M.C.P.); (S.A.H.); (L.B.); (M.F.)
- Laboratório Associado Para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (D.S.); (F.M.A.); (M.C.P.); (S.A.H.); (L.B.); (M.F.)
- Laboratório Associado Para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Manuel Feliciano
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (D.S.); (F.M.A.); (M.C.P.); (S.A.H.); (L.B.); (M.F.)
- Laboratório Associado Para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Márcio Carocho
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (D.S.); (F.M.A.); (M.C.P.); (S.A.H.); (L.B.); (M.F.)
- Laboratório Associado Para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
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10
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Bokharaeian M, Toghdory A, Ghoorchi T. Evaluating the dose-dependent effects of curcumin nano-micelles on rumen fermentation, nitrogen metabolism, and nutrient digestibility in heat-stressed fattening lambs: Implications for climate change and sustainable animal production. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024. [PMID: 38643352 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Global warming threatens livestock production, especially in hot climates. This study evaluated the dose-dependent impacts of dietary curcumin nano-micelles (CNM) on rumen fermentation, nitrogen metabolism, and nutrient digestibility in heat-stressed fattening lambs. Thirty-two crossbred male lambs [ˆIle-de-France × (Dalagh × Romanov)] were utilized within the current study. The initial weight of lambs was documented as averaged by 31.2 ± 1.55 kg, while they were in their 4th to 5th months of age. Animals were fed increasing doses of dietary CNM (0, 20, 40, and 80 mg/day) over 97 days, under severe heat stress conditions with average temperature-humidity index (THI) of 24.5. Quadratic improvements (p < 0.01) occurred in weight gain, average daily gain (ADG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) by 28.7%, 27.4%, and 23.9%, respectively, in the T40 group compared to the control. Additionally, T40 increased fiber digestion by 2.8% (p < 0.05). Furthermore, T40 quadratically improved parameters of rumen fermentation, including concentrations of NH3-N (p < 0.05), total volatile fatty acids (TVFA; p < 0.01), acetate (p < 0.05), and iso-valerate (p < 0.05), by 13.9%, 12.5%, 15.0%, and 43.5%, respectively, compared to the control. Quadratic increases were also observed in nitrogen balance (p < 0.05) and microbial protein synthesis (p < 0.01) by 19.8% and 37.6%, respectively, in the T40 group. Quadratic models estimated optimal CNM levels between 41.5 and 48.6 mg/day for multiple parameters. These findings indicate CNM at dose level of 40 mg/day could benefit heat-stressed lambs through enhanced rumen function and microbiota. Further research should refine ideal dosing for various species and production phases as higher levels adversely impacted fiber digestibility. Overall, CNM shows promise as a sustainable nutritional intervention for livestock production facing global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Bokharaeian
- Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Animal Science Faculty, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Abdolhakim Toghdory
- Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Animal Science Faculty, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Taghi Ghoorchi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Animal Science Faculty, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
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11
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Tchonkouang RD, Onyeaka H, Nkoutchou H. Assessing the vulnerability of food supply chains to climate change-induced disruptions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 920:171047. [PMID: 38373458 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is one of the most significant challenges worldwide. There is strong evidence from research that climate change will impact several food chain-related elements such as agricultural output, incomes, prices, food access, food quality, and food safety. This scoping review seeks to outline the state of knowledge of the food supply chain's vulnerability to climate change and to identify existing literature that may guide future research, policy, and decision-making aimed at enhancing the resilience of the food supply chain. A total of 1526 publications were identified using the SCOPUS database, of which 67 were selected for the present study. The vulnerability assessment methods as well as the adaptation and resilience measures that have been employed to alleviate the impact of climate change in the food supply chain were discussed. The results revealed a growing number of publications providing evidence of the weakening of the food supply chain due to climate change and extreme weather events. Our assessment demonstrated the need to broaden research into the entire food supply chain and various forms of climatic variability because most studies have concentrated on the relationships between climatic fluctuations (especially extreme rainfall, temperatures, and drought) and production. A lack of knowledge about the effects of climate change on the food supply chain and the underlying socio-economic consequences could result in underperformance or failure of the food supply chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Daphnee Tchonkouang
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & Change-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Helen Onyeaka
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
| | - Hugue Nkoutchou
- Public Policy in Africa Initiative (PPiAI), Douala, Cameroon
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12
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Laftouhi A, Mahraz MA, Hmamou A, Assouguem A, Ullah R, Bari A, Lahlali R, Ercisli S, Kaur S, Idrissi AM, Eloutassi N, Rais Z, Taleb A, Taleb M. Analysis of Primary and Secondary Metabolites, Physical Properties, Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities, and Chemical Composition of Rosmarinus officinalis Essential Oils under Differential Water Stress Conditions. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:16656-16664. [PMID: 38617605 PMCID: PMC11007863 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of varying water stress levels on Rosmarinus officinalis essential oils (EO). Three samples (S1, S2, and S3) were cultivated under different stress levels (40, 60, and 80%). Increased water stress led to changes in primary and secondary metabolites, EO contents, and physical properties. Antioxidant activity varied, with S2 exhibiting the highest IC50 value. In terms of antidiabetic activity, S2 showed robust α-amylase inhibition, while S3 displayed a commendable influence. For α-galactosidase inhibition, S3 had a moderate effect, and S2 stood out with increased efficacy. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed stress-induced changes in major compounds. The study enhances the understanding of plant responses to water stress, with potential applications in antioxidant therapy and diabetes management. The findings emphasize the importance of sustainable water management for optimizing the EO quality in its various uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelouahid Laftouhi
- Laboratory
of Electrochemistry, Modeling and Environment Engineering (LIEME)
Faculty of Sciences Fes, Sidi Mohamed Ben
Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Adil Mahraz
- Laboratory
of Electrochemistry, Modeling and Environment Engineering (LIEME)
Faculty of Sciences Fes, Sidi Mohamed Ben
Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Anouar Hmamou
- Laboratory
of Electrochemistry, Modeling and Environment Engineering (LIEME)
Faculty of Sciences Fes, Sidi Mohamed Ben
Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Amine Assouguem
- Department
of Plant Protection and Environment, École
Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Km.10, Route Haj Kaddour, B.P.S/40, Meknes 50001, Morocco
- Laboratory
of Functional Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Imouzzer Street, P.O. Box 2202, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King
Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Bari
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rachid Lahlali
- Department
of Plant Protection and Environment, École
Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Km.10, Route Haj Kaddour, B.P.S/40, Meknes 50001, Morocco
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Department
of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Sawinder Kaur
- Department
of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Amine Mounadi Idrissi
- Laboratory
of Electrochemistry, Modeling and Environment Engineering (LIEME)
Faculty of Sciences Fes, Sidi Mohamed Ben
Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Noureddine Eloutassi
- Laboratory
of Electrochemistry, Modeling and Environment Engineering (LIEME)
Faculty of Sciences Fes, Sidi Mohamed Ben
Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Zakia Rais
- Laboratory
of Electrochemistry, Modeling and Environment Engineering (LIEME)
Faculty of Sciences Fes, Sidi Mohamed Ben
Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Abdslam Taleb
- Environmental
Process Engineering Laboratory-Faculty of Science and Technology Mohammedia, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca 20000, Morocco
| | - Mustapha Taleb
- Laboratory
of Electrochemistry, Modeling and Environment Engineering (LIEME)
Faculty of Sciences Fes, Sidi Mohamed Ben
Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
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13
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Mancin E, Maltecca C, Huang YJ, Mantovani R, Tiezzi F. A first characterization of the microbiota-resilience link in swine. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:53. [PMID: 38486255 PMCID: PMC10941389 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01771-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in understanding complex biological mechanisms, including host resilience to stressors. Investigating the microbiota-resilience link in animals and plants holds relevance in addressing challenges like adaptation of agricultural species to a warming environment. This study aims to characterize the microbiota-resilience connection in swine. As resilience is not directly observable, we estimated it using four distinct indicators based on daily feed consumption variability, assuming animals with greater intake variation may face challenges in maintaining stable physiological status. These indicators were analyzed both as linear and categorical variables. In our first set of analyses, we explored the microbiota-resilience link using PERMANOVA, α-diversity analysis, and discriminant analysis. Additionally, we quantified the ratio of estimated microbiota variance to total phenotypic variance (microbiability). Finally, we conducted a Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) to assess the classification performance of the microbiota with indicators expressed in classes. RESULTS This study offers four key insights. Firstly, among all indicators, two effectively captured resilience. Secondly, our analyses revealed robust relationship between microbial composition and resilience in terms of both composition and richness. We found decreased α-diversity in less-resilient animals, while specific amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) and KEGG pathways associated with inflammatory responses were negatively linked to resilience. Thirdly, considering resilience indicators in classes, we observed significant differences in microbial composition primarily in animals with lower resilience. Lastly, our study indicates that gut microbial composition can serve as a reliable biomarker for distinguishing individuals with lower resilience. CONCLUSION Our comprehensive analyses have highlighted the host-microbiota and resilience connection, contributing valuable insights to the existing scientific knowledge. The practical implications of PLS-DA and microbiability results are noteworthy. PLS-DA suggests that host-microbiota interactions could be utilized as biomarkers for monitoring resilience. Furthermore, the microbiability findings show that leveraging host-microbiota insights may improve the identification of resilient animals, supporting their adaptive capacity in response to changing environmental conditions. These practical implications offer promising avenues for enhancing animal well-being and adaptation strategies in the context of environmental challenges faced by livestock populations. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Mancin
- Department of Agronomy, Animals and Environment, (DAFNAE), Food, Natural Resources, University of Padova, Viale del Università 14, 35020, Legnaro (Padova), Italy
| | - Christian Maltecca
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144, Firenze, Italy
| | - Yi Jian Huang
- Smithfield Premium Genetics, Rose Hill, NC, 28458, USA
| | - Roberto Mantovani
- Department of Agronomy, Animals and Environment, (DAFNAE), Food, Natural Resources, University of Padova, Viale del Università 14, 35020, Legnaro (Padova), Italy
| | - Francesco Tiezzi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144, Firenze, Italy.
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14
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Ritzel C, Möhring A, von Ow A. Vulnerability assessment of food imports-Conceptual framework and empirical application to the case of Switzerland. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27058. [PMID: 38455563 PMCID: PMC10918195 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The world's food supply is becoming increasingly vulnerable because of rising political and climatic crises. To identify food supply vulnerabilities at an early stage, this paper proposes a multifactorial and standardized import vulnerability index (IVI). The IVI encompasses (i) an exporter vulnerability index (EVI) consisting of four exporter-specific factors and (ii) a product vulnerability index (PVI) consisting of three product-specific factors. We applied a robust principal component analysis to derive weights to combine these individual factors into a standardized IVI. The IVI was applied to food import-dependent Switzerland from 2014 to 2019 as an empirical case study. The results showed that a large share of Swiss food imports mainly originated from neighboring countries, indicating a very low to moderate EVI. Regarding the PVI, only product groups that were imported from a small number of countries (e.g., oilseeds) or that showed a low self-sufficiency ratio (e.g., coffee) or high price volatility (e.g., meat) exhibited a high value. Moreover, the findings demonstrate that the IVI showed neither large fluctuations nor a decreasing or increasing trend. With regular updates, the proposed indicator can become a valuable monitoring tool for food supply security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ritzel
- Agroscope, Research Group Economic Modelling and Policy Analysis, 8356, Ettenhausen, Switzerland
| | - Anke Möhring
- FiBL, Research Group Evaluation and Impact Assessment, 5070, Frick, Switzerland
| | - Albert von Ow
- Agroscope, Research Group Economic Modelling and Policy Analysis, 8356, Ettenhausen, Switzerland
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15
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Mayberry D, Lees A. Australian assessment highlights global risks for sheep production in a warmer climate. NATURE FOOD 2024; 5:198-199. [PMID: 38459391 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-00942-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Dianne Mayberry
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Angela Lees
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
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16
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Phillips CJC. Farm Animal Welfare-From the Farmers' Perspective. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:671. [PMID: 38473056 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Improvements in the welfare of animals in the intensive production industries are increasingly being demanded by the public. Scientific methods of welfare improvement have been developed and are beginning to be used on farms, including those provided by precision livestock farming. The number of welfare challenges that animals are facing in the livestock production industries is growing rapidly, and farmers are a key component in attempts to improve welfare because their livelihood is at stake. The challenges include climate change, which not only exposes animals to heat stress but also potentially reduces forage and water availability for livestock production systems. Heat-stressed animals have reduced welfare, and it is important to farmers that they convert feed to products for human consumption less efficiently, their immune system is compromised, and both the quality of the products and the animals' reproduction are adversely affected. Livestock farmers are also facing escalating feed and fertiliser costs, both of which may jeopardise feed availability for the animals. The availability of skilled labour to work in livestock industries is increasingly limited, with rural migration to cities and the succession of older farmers uncertain. In future, high-energy and protein feeds are unlikely to be available in large quantities when required for the expanding human population. It is expected that livestock farming will increasingly be confined to marginal land offering low-quality pasture, which will favour ruminant livestock, at the expense of pigs and poultry unable to readily digest coarse fibre in plants. Farmers also face disease challenges to their animals' welfare, as the development of antibiotic resistance in microbes has heralded an era when we can no longer rely on antibiotics to control disease or improve the feed conversion efficiency of livestock. Farmers can use medicinal plants, pro-, pre- and synbiotics and good husbandry to help maintain a high standard of health in their animals. Loss of biodiversity in livestock breeds reduces the availability of less productive genotypes that survive better on nutrient-poor diets than animals selected for high productivity. Farmers have a range of options to help address these challenges, including changing to less intensive diets, diversification from livestock farming to other enterprises, such as cereal and pseudocereal crops, silvopastoral systems and using less highly selected breeds. These options may not always produce good animal welfare, but they will help to give farm animals a better life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clive J C Phillips
- Curtin University Sustainability Policy (CUSP) Institute, Kent St., Bentley 6102, Australia
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
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17
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Omondi VO, Bosire GO, Onyari JM, Kibet C, Mwasya S, Onyonyi VN, Getahun MN. Multi-omics analyses reveal rumen microbes and secondary metabolites that are unique to livestock species. mSystems 2024; 9:e0122823. [PMID: 38294243 PMCID: PMC10878066 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01228-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Ruminant livestock, including cattle, sheep, goats, and camels, possess a distinctive digestive system with complex microbiota communities critical for feed conversion and secondary metabolite production, including greenhouse gases. Yet, there is limited knowledge regarding the diversity of rumen microbes and metabolites benefiting livestock physiology, productivity, climate impact, and defense mechanisms across ruminant species. In this study, we utilized metataxonomics and metabolomics data from four evolutionarily distinct livestock species, which had fed on diverse plant materials like grass, shrubs, and acacia trees, to uncover the unique signature microbes and secondary metabolites. We established the presence of a distinctive anaerobic fungus called Oontomyces in camels, while cattle exhibited a higher prevalence of unique microbes like Psychrobacter, Anaeromyces, Cyllamyces, and Orpinomyces. Goats hosted Cleistothelebolus, and Liebetanzomyces was unique to sheep. Furthermore, we identified a set of conserved core microbes, including Prevotella, Rickenellaceae, Cladosporium, and Pecoramyces, present in all the ruminants, irrespective of host genetics and dietary composition. This underscores their indispensable role in maintaining crucial physiological functions. Regarding secondary metabolites, camel's rumen is rich in organic acids, goat's rumen is rich in alcohols and hydrocarbons, sheep's rumen is rich in indoles, and cattle's rumen is rich in sesquiterpenes. Additionally, linalool propionate and terpinolene were uniquely found in sheep rumen, while valencene was exclusive to cattle. This may suggest the existence of species-specific microbes and metabolites that require host rumen-microbes' environment balance. These results have implications for manipulating the rumen environment to target specific microbes and secondary metabolite networks, thereby enhancing livestock productivity, resilience, reducing susceptibility to vectors, and environmentally preferred livestock husbandry.IMPORTANCERumen fermentation, which depends on feed components and rumen microbes, plays a crucial role in feed conversion and the production of various metabolites important for the physiological functions, health, and environmental smartness of ruminant livestock, in addition to providing food for humans. However, given the complexity and variation of the rumen ecosystem and feed of these various livestock species, combined with inter-individual differences between gut microbial communities, how they influence the rumen secondary metabolites remains elusive. Using metagenomics and metabolomics approaches, we show that each livestock species has a signature microbe(s) and secondary metabolites. These findings may contribute toward understanding the rumen ecosystem, microbiome and metabolite networks, which may provide a gateway to manipulating rumen ecosystem pathways toward making livestock production efficient, sustainable, and environmentally friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor O. Omondi
- Animal Health Theme and Behavioural and Chemical Ecology Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi (U.o.N), Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - John M. Onyari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi (U.o.N), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Caleb Kibet
- Animal Health Theme and Behavioural and Chemical Ecology Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Samuel Mwasya
- Animal Health Theme and Behavioural and Chemical Ecology Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Vanessa N. Onyonyi
- Animal Health Theme and Behavioural and Chemical Ecology Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Merid N. Getahun
- Animal Health Theme and Behavioural and Chemical Ecology Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
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18
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de Sá MKN, de Andrade AP, de Araújo GGL, Magalhães ALR, Araújo CDA, Valença RDL, de Macedo A, Oliveira ARDS, Zanine ADM, Ferreira DDJ, Negrão FDM, da Silva TGF, Campos FS, Gois GC. Fermentation Profile, Aerobic Stability, and Chemical and Mineral Composition of Cactus Pear Silages with Different Inclusion Levels of Gliricidia Hay. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:195. [PMID: 38256748 PMCID: PMC10821388 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Cactus pear is used in large proportions in diets for small ruminants in semiarid regions. However, its exclusive use is not recommended due to the low fiber and crude protein content and the high water and mineral content, leading to metabolic disorders, low dry matter intake, and weight loss. The use of mixed cactus silage associated with protein and fibrous sources seeks to overcome the deficits in dry matter, fiber and crude protein, aiming to improve the nutritional quality of the diets that will be offered to ruminants. Thus, the use of gliricidia hay in cactus pear silages could represent an important alternative to improve the nutritional and fermentative characteristics of the ensiled material. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate the fermentation dynamics, nutritional characteristics, and aerobic stability of mixed silages of cactus pear combined with different levels of gliricidia hay. This was a completely randomized experimental design with five treatments and five repetitions. The treatments consisted of different levels of inclusion of gliricidia hay (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40% on a dry matter basis) in the composition of mixed cactus pear silages. The inclusion of gliricidia hay in the composition of mixed silages of cactus pear resulted in a quadratic effect for dry matter recovery, pH, NH3-N, buffering capacity, aerobic stability, ether extract, P, K, Na, and Zn (p < 0.05). There was a reduction in density, effluent losses, maximum pH, mineral matter, non-fiber carbohydrates, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Mn (p < 0.05), and an increase in the time to reach maximum pH as well as an upward trend in pH, dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and B (p < 0.05). Under experimental conditions, the inclusion of gliricidia hay between 20 and 30% in cactus pear-based silage provided an improvement to the chemical composition and fermentation parameters of the silages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moema Kelly Nogueira de Sá
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal e Pastagens, Universidade Federal do Agreste de Pernambuco, Garanhuns 55292-270, Brazil; (M.K.N.d.S.); (A.P.d.A.); (A.L.R.M.); (A.R.d.S.O.)
| | - Alberício Pereira de Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal e Pastagens, Universidade Federal do Agreste de Pernambuco, Garanhuns 55292-270, Brazil; (M.K.N.d.S.); (A.P.d.A.); (A.L.R.M.); (A.R.d.S.O.)
| | - Gherman Garcia Leal de Araújo
- Setor de Produção Animal, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Semiárido, Petrolina 56302-970, Brazil;
| | - André Luiz Rodrigues Magalhães
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal e Pastagens, Universidade Federal do Agreste de Pernambuco, Garanhuns 55292-270, Brazil; (M.K.N.d.S.); (A.P.d.A.); (A.L.R.M.); (A.R.d.S.O.)
| | - Cleyton de Almeida Araújo
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina 56310-770, Brazil; (C.d.A.A.); (A.d.M.)
| | - Roberta de Lima Valença
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre 29500-000, Brazil;
| | - Amélia de Macedo
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina 56310-770, Brazil; (C.d.A.A.); (A.d.M.)
| | - Antônia Rafaela da Silva Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal e Pastagens, Universidade Federal do Agreste de Pernambuco, Garanhuns 55292-270, Brazil; (M.K.N.d.S.); (A.P.d.A.); (A.L.R.M.); (A.R.d.S.O.)
| | - Anderson de Moura Zanine
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Chapadinha 65500-000, Brazil; (A.d.M.Z.); (D.d.J.F.); (F.S.C.)
| | - Daniele de Jesus Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Chapadinha 65500-000, Brazil; (A.d.M.Z.); (D.d.J.F.); (F.S.C.)
| | - Fagton de Mattos Negrão
- Departmento de Zootecnia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Rondônia, Colorado do Oeste 76993-000, Brazil;
| | - Thieres George Freire da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Serra Talhada 56909-535, Brazil;
| | - Fleming Sena Campos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Chapadinha 65500-000, Brazil; (A.d.M.Z.); (D.d.J.F.); (F.S.C.)
| | - Glayciane Costa Gois
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Chapadinha 65500-000, Brazil; (A.d.M.Z.); (D.d.J.F.); (F.S.C.)
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Souf IB, Saidani M, Ben Larbi M, M'Hamdi N. Editorial: Farm animal welfare and climate change: methods of assessment and mitigation. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1343934. [PMID: 38249558 PMCID: PMC10797115 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1343934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Ben Souf
- Research Laboratory of Ecosystems and Aquatic Resources, UR03AGRO, National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mariem Saidani
- Research Unit of Biodiversity and Resource Development in Mountain Areas of Tunisia, UR17AGR14, Higher School of Agriculture of Mateur, Carthage University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Manel Ben Larbi
- Research Unit of Biodiversity and Resource Development in Mountain Areas of Tunisia, UR17AGR14, Higher School of Agriculture of Mateur, Carthage University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Naceur M'Hamdi
- Research Laboratory of Ecosystems and Aquatic Resources, UR03AGRO, National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
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20
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Kanakai N, Wongtangtintharn S, Suntara C, Cherdthong A. Feeding Pellets Containing Agro-Industrial Waste Enhances Feed Utilization and Rumen Functions in Thai Beef Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3861. [PMID: 38136898 PMCID: PMC10740786 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of citric waste fermented with yeast waste pellet (CWYWP) supplementation on feed intake, rumen characteristics, and blood metabolites in native Thai beef cattle that are fed a rice-straw-based diet. Four native male Thai beef cattle (1.0-1.5 years old) with an initial body weight (BW) of 116 ± 16 kg were held in a 4 × 4 Latin square design within 21-day periods. The animals were assigned to receive CWYWP supplementation at 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% of the total dry matter (DM) intake per day. The results indicate that feeding beef cattle with CWYWP leads to a linear increase in the total intake as well was the intake of crude protein (CP) and the digestibility of CP, with the maximum levels observed at 6% CWYWP supplementation (p < 0.05). Rumen characteristics, including pH, blood urea-nitrogen concentration, and protozoal population, showed no significant alterations in response to the varying CWYWP dosages (p > 0.05). In addition, the CWYWP supplementation resulted in no significant changes in the concentration of ammonia-nitrogen, remaining within an average normal range of 10.19-10.38 mg/dL (p > 0.05). The inclusion of 6% CWYWP resulted in the highest population of ruminal bacteria (p < 0.05). Additionally, the CWYWP supplementation led to a statistically significant increase in the mean propionic acid concentration as compared to the group that did not receive the CWYWP supplementation (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this experiment demonstrates that supplementing Thai native beef cattle with CWYWP at either 4% or 6% DM per day can enhance their total CP intake as well as the CP digestibility and rumen bacterial population, and can increase propionate concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anusorn Cherdthong
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (N.K.); (S.W.); (C.S.)
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21
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Yang P, Yu M, Ma X, Deng D. Carbon Footprint of the Pork Product Chain and Recent Advancements in Mitigation Strategies. Foods 2023; 12:4203. [PMID: 38231615 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The carbon footprint of pork production is a pressing concern due to the industry's significant greenhouse gas emissions. It is crucial to achieve low-carbon development and carbon neutrality in pork production. Thus, this paper reviewed the recent studies about various sources of carbon emissions throughout the current pork production chain; feed production, processing, and manure management are the major sources of carbon emissions. The carbon footprint of the pork production chain varies from 0.6 to 6.75 kg CO2e·kg-1 pig live weight, and the carbon footprint of 1 kg of pork cuts is equivalent to 2.25 to 4.52 kg CO2e. A large reduction in carbon emissions could be achieved simultaneously if combining strategies of reducing transportation distances, optimizing farmland management, minimizing chemical fertilizer usage, promoting organic farming, increasing renewable energy adoption, and improving production efficiency. In summary, these mitigation strategies could effectively decrease carbon emissions by 6.5% to 50% in each sector. Therefore, a proper combination of mitigation strategies is essential to alleviate greenhouse gas emissions without sacrificing pork supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed of South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed of South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xianyong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed of South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed of South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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22
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Arshed N. Intervening long-run fundamentals of fossil energy demand-an effort towards responsible and clean energy consumption. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:114873-114885. [PMID: 37875754 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30495-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Energy is crucial for growth, but over-reliance on fossil energy undermines sustainability. COP27 has emphasized over transition towards clean energy. Empirical studies have pointed out that energy transition requires infrastructure development which is costly in the short run. Global and national efforts to transition to renewable energy require investigating what matters in global fossil energy demand. While empirical studies have focused on motivating renewable energy, this study explores the determinants of fossil energy in anticipation of reducing its reliance and moving towards sustainable development goals. A non-linear panel quantile ARDL regression was deployed using data from 137 countries and showed that increased forest and natural resource rents and health expenditures are already playing their role. The quadratic models highlighted the importance of optimizing resource rents to nudge the renewable resource decision. Now, policymakers need to intervene in terms of income, education, and fossil energy rents to help households and firms prefer renewable energy sources and move towards sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noman Arshed
- Department of Economics, Division of Management and Administrative Science, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan.
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23
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Zago FC, Schütz LF, Gerger RPDC, de Aguiar LH, Pinzón-Osorio CA, Mezzallira A, Rodrigues JL, Forell F, Bertolini M. In vitro and in vivo embryo production efficiency in Flemish and Holstein donor females. Anim Reprod 2023; 20:e20230080. [PMID: 38025999 PMCID: PMC10681134 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2023-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare embryo production efficiency in Flemish and Holstein donor females using ovum pick-up and in vitro fertilization (OPU-IVF) or in vivo production (superovulation; SOV) procedures. The study was conducted using a split-plot design, with eight Flemish and eight Holstein non-lactating cycling females. Females were subjected to ten weekly OPU/IVF sessions and/or two SOV/embryo collections sessions at a 63-day interval, for a total of 160 OPU-IVF and 32 SOV sessions. Mean numbers of follicles and corpora lutea, and cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) recovery rates were similar between breeds after the OPU and SOV sessions. However, Flemish donors yielded better quality grade II COCs (301, 41.9%) than Holstein females (609, and 202, 33.1%). Also, cleavage and blastocyst rates, and the total number and the mean number of viable embryos obtained after OPU-IVF were higher in Flemish (49.6% and 11.8%, and 63 and 11.8 per donor, respectively) than in Holstein (32.8% and 7.2%, and 34 and 7.2 per donor, respectively) females. Flemish females were also more efficient in yielding viable embryos after SOV (111, 7.3 per donor) than Holstein (48, 3.3 per donor) females. Overall, Flemish donor females had better responses to OPU-IVF or SOV procedures than Holstein counterparts. Irrespective of the breeds, SOV procedures were more efficient than OPU-IVF in yielding more viable embryos, under the conditions of this study. Both reproductive procedures were useful tools for the genetic conservation of the Flemish cattle breed in Southern Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano Carminatti Zago
- Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina, Lages, SC, Brasil
- Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, SC, Brasil
| | - Luís Fernando Schütz
- Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, SC, Brasil
| | | | - Luís Henrique de Aguiar
- Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, SC, Brasil
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | | | - Alceu Mezzallira
- Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, SC, Brasil
| | - José Luiz Rodrigues
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Fabiana Forell
- Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, SC, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Bertolini
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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24
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Pixley KV, Cairns JE, Lopez-Ridaura S, Ojiewo CO, Dawud MA, Drabo I, Mindaye T, Nebie B, Asea G, Das B, Daudi H, Desmae H, Batieno BJ, Boukar O, Mukankusi CTM, Nkalubo ST, Hearne SJ, Dhugga KS, Gandhi H, Snapp S, Zepeda-Villarreal EA. Redesigning crop varieties to win the race between climate change and food security. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:1590-1611. [PMID: 37674314 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Climate change poses daunting challenges to agricultural production and food security. Rising temperatures, shifting weather patterns, and more frequent extreme events have already demonstrated their effects on local, regional, and global agricultural systems. Crop varieties that withstand climate-related stresses and are suitable for cultivation in innovative cropping systems will be crucial to maximize risk avoidance, productivity, and profitability under climate-changed environments. We surveyed 588 expert stakeholders to predict current and novel traits that may be essential for future pearl millet, sorghum, maize, groundnut, cowpea, and common bean varieties, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. We then review the current progress and prospects for breeding three prioritized future-essential traits for each of these crops. Experts predict that most current breeding priorities will remain important, but that rates of genetic gain must increase to keep pace with climate challenges and consumer demands. Importantly, the predicted future-essential traits include innovative breeding targets that must also be prioritized; for example, (1) optimized rhizosphere microbiome, with benefits for P, N, and water use efficiency, (2) optimized performance across or in specific cropping systems, (3) lower nighttime respiration, (4) improved stover quality, and (5) increased early vigor. We further discuss cutting-edge tools and approaches to discover, validate, and incorporate novel genetic diversity from exotic germplasm into breeding populations with unprecedented precision, accuracy, and speed. We conclude that the greatest challenge to developing crop varieties to win the race between climate change and food security might be our innovativeness in defining and boldness to breed for the traits of tomorrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin V Pixley
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico.
| | - Jill E Cairns
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Harare, Zimbabwe
| | | | - Chris O Ojiewo
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Inoussa Drabo
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Dakar, Senegal
| | - Taye Mindaye
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Baloua Nebie
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Dakar, Senegal
| | - Godfrey Asea
- National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Biswanath Das
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Happy Daudi
- Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute (TARI), Naliendele, Tanzania
| | - Haile Desmae
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Dakar, Senegal
| | - Benoit Joseph Batieno
- Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Ousmane Boukar
- International Institute of Tropicl Agriculture (IITA), Kano, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Sarah J Hearne
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Kanwarpal S Dhugga
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Harish Gandhi
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sieglinde Snapp
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
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25
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Muzammil S, Ashraf A, Siddique MH, Aslam B, Rasul I, Abbas R, Afzal M, Faisal M, Hayat S. A review on toxicity of nanomaterials in agriculture: Current scenario and future prospects. Sci Prog 2023; 106:368504231221672. [PMID: 38131108 DOI: 10.1177/00368504231221672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Phytonanotechnology plays a crucial part in the production of good quality and high-yield food. It can also alter the plant's production systems, hence permitting the efficient, controlled and stable release of agrochemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides. An advanced understanding of nanomaterials interaction with plant responses like localization and uptake, etc. could transfigure the production of crops with high disease resistance and efficient nutrients utilization. In agriculture, the use of nanomaterials has gained acceptance due to their wide-range applications. However, their toxicity and bioavailability are the major hurdles for their massive employment. Undoubtedly, nanoparticles positively influence seeds germination, growth and development, stress management and post-harvest handling of vegetables and fruits. These nanoparticles may also cause toxicity in plants through oxidative stress by generation of excessive reactive oxygen species thus affecting the cellular biomolecules and targeting different channels. Nanoparticles have shown to exert various effects on plants that are mainly affected by various attributes such as physicochemical features of nanomaterials, coating materials for nanoparticles, type of plant, growth stages and growth medium for plants. This article discusses the interaction, accretion and toxicity of nanomaterials in plants. The factors inducing nanotoxicity and the mechanisms followed by nanomaterials causing toxicity are also instructed. At the end, detoxification mechanism of plant is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Muzammil
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asma Ashraf
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Bilal Aslam
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ijaz Rasul
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rasti Abbas
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faisal
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sumreen Hayat
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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26
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Sharma A, Singh RN, Song XP, Singh RK, Guo DJ, Singh P, Verma KK, Li YR. Genome analysis of a halophilic Virgibacillus halodenitrificans ASH15 revealed salt adaptation, plant growth promotion, and isoprenoid biosynthetic machinery. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1229955. [PMID: 37808307 PMCID: PMC10556750 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1229955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, due to widespread dispersion, intraspecific diversity, and crucial ecological components of halophilic ecosystems, halophilic bacteria is considered one of the key models for ecological, adaptative, and biotechnological applications research in saline environments. With this aim, the present study was to enlighten the plant growth-promoting features and investigate the systematic genome of a halophilic bacteria, Virgibacillus halodenitrificans ASH15, through single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing technology. Results showed that strain ASH15 could survive in high salinity up to 25% (w/v) NaCl concentration and express plant growth-promoting traits such as nitrogen fixation, plant growth hormones, and hydrolytic enzymes, which sustain salt stress. The results of pot experiment revealed that strain ASH15 significantly enhanced sugarcane plant growth (root shoot length and weight) under salt stress conditions. Moreover, the sequencing analysis of the strain ASH15 genome exhibited that this strain contained a circular chromosome of 3,832,903 bp with an average G+C content of 37.54%: 3721 predicted protein-coding sequences (CDSs), 24 rRNA genes, and 62 tRNA genes. Genome analysis revealed that the genes related to the synthesis and transport of compatible solutes (glycine, betaine, ectoine, hydroxyectoine, and glutamate) confirm salt stress as well as heavy metal resistance. Furthermore, functional annotation showed that the strain ASH15 encodes genes for root colonization, biofilm formation, phytohormone IAA production, nitrogen fixation, phosphate metabolism, and siderophore production, which are beneficial for plant growth promotion. Strain ASH15 also has a gene resistance to antibiotics and pathogens. In addition, analysis also revealed that the genome strain ASH15 has insertion sequences and CRISPRs, which suggest its ability to acquire new genes through horizontal gene transfer and acquire immunity to the attack of viruses. This work provides knowledge of the mechanism through which V. halodenitrificans ASH15 tolerates salt stress. Deep genome analysis, identified MVA pathway involved in biosynthesis of isoprenoids, more precisely "Squalene." Squalene has various applications, such as an antioxidant, anti-cancer agent, anti-aging agent, hemopreventive agent, anti-bacterial agent, adjuvant for vaccines and drug carriers, and detoxifier. Our findings indicated that strain ASH15 has enormous potential in industries such as in agriculture, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjney Sharma
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GXXAS), Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ram Nageena Singh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, United States
| | - Xiu-Peng Song
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GXXAS), Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Dao-Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GXXAS), Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical, College of Agriculture, Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Pratiksha Singh
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GXXAS), Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Krishan K. Verma
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GXXAS), Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yang-Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GXXAS), Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical, College of Agriculture, Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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27
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Antanaitis R, Džermeikaitė K, Bespalovaitė A, Ribelytė I, Rutkauskas A, Japertas S, Baumgartner W. Assessment of Ruminating, Eating, and Locomotion Behavior during Heat Stress in Dairy Cattle by Using Advanced Technological Monitoring. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2825. [PMID: 37760226 PMCID: PMC10525662 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) significantly impacts dairy farming, prompting interest in precision dairy farming (PDF) for gauging its effects on cow health. This study assessed the influence of the Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) on rumination, eating, and locomotor activity. Various parameters, like rumination time, drinking gulps, chews per minute, and others were analyzed. The hypothesis was that precision dairy farming technology could help detect HS. Nine healthy Lithuanian Black-and-White cows were randomly selected for the trial. RumiWatch noseband sensors recorded behaviors, while SmaXtec climate sensors monitored THI. The data collection spanned from 14 June to 30 June. Cows in the THI class ≥ 72 exhibited reduced drinking time (51.16% decrease, p < 0.01), fewer chews per minute (12.9% decrease, p < 0.01), and higher activity levels (16.99% increase, p < 0.01). THI showed an inverse correlation with drinking time (r = -0.191, p < 0.05) and chews per bolus (r = -0.172, p < 0.01). Innovative technologies like RumiWatch are effective in detecting HS effects on behaviors. Future studies should explore the impact of HS on RWS biomarkers, considering factors such as lactation stage, number, yield, and pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramūnas Antanaitis
- Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania (I.R.)
| | - Karina Džermeikaitė
- Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania (I.R.)
| | - Agnė Bespalovaitė
- Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania (I.R.)
| | - Ieva Ribelytė
- Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania (I.R.)
| | - Arūnas Rutkauskas
- Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania (I.R.)
| | - Sigitas Japertas
- Practical Training and Research Center, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Topolių g. 6, LT-54310 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Walter Baumgartner
- University Clinic for Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
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28
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Elghandour MMMY, Maggiolino A, Alvarado-Ramírez ER, Hernández-Meléndez J, Rivas-Cacerese RR, Hernández-Ruiz PE, Khusro A, De Palo P, Salem AZM. Marine Microalgae as a Nutritive Tool to Mitigate Ruminal Greenhouse Gas Production: In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics of Fresh and Ensiled Maize ( Zea mays L.) Forage. Vet Sci 2023; 10:556. [PMID: 37756078 PMCID: PMC10534631 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10090556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of marine microalgae (Dunaliella salina) as a food additive on biogas (BG), methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production kinetics, as well as in in vitro rumen fermentation and the CH4 conversion efficiency of different genotypes of maize (Zea mays L.) and states of forage. The treatments were characterized by the forage of five maize genotypes (Amarillo, Montesa, Olotillo, Tampiqueño, and Tuxpeño), two states of forage (fresh and ensiled), and the addition of 3% (on DM basis) of microalgae (with and without). The parameters (b = asymptotic production, c = production rate, and Lag = delay phase before gas production) of the production of BG, CH4, CO, and H2S showed an effect (p < 0.05) of the genotype, the state of the forage, the addition of the microalgae, or some of its interactions, except for the time in the CO delay phase (p > 0.05). Moreover, the addition of microalgae decreased (p < 0.05) the production of BG, CH4, and H2S in most of the genotypes and stages of the forage, but the production of CO increased (p < 0.05). In the case of fermentation characteristics, the microalgae increased (p < 0.05) the pH, DMD, SCFA, and ME in most genotypes and forage states. With the addition of the microalgae, the fresh forage from Olotillo obtained the highest pH (p < 0.05), and the ensiled from Amarillo, the highest (p < 0.05) DMD, SCFA, and ME. However, the ensiled forage produced more (p < 0.05) CH4 per unit of SFCA, ME, and OM, and the microalgae increased it (p < 0.05) even more, and the fresh forage from Amarillo presented the highest (p < 0.05) quantity of CH4 per unit of product. In conclusion, the D. salina microalga showed a potential to reduce the production of BG, CH4, and H2S in maize forage, but its effect depended on the chemical composition of the genotype and the state of the forage. Despite the above, the energy value of the forage (fresh and ensiled) improved, the DMD increased, and in some cases, SCFA and ME also increased, all without compromising CH4 conversion efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aristide Maggiolino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy;
| | | | - Javier Hernández-Meléndez
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria 87149, Tamaulipas, Mexico;
| | - Raymundo Rene Rivas-Cacerese
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico;
| | - Pedro Enrique Hernández-Ruiz
- Escuela Superior de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia No. 3, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Técpan de Galeana 40900, Guerrero, Mexico;
| | - Ameer Khusro
- Research Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Chennai 600034, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Pasquale De Palo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy;
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Hamdy E, Al-Askar AA, El-Gendi H, Khamis WM, Behiry SI, Valentini F, Abd-Elsalam KA, Abdelkhalek A. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Biosynthesized by Eriobotrya japonica Leaf Extract: Characterization, Insecticidal and Antibacterial Properties. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2826. [PMID: 37570980 PMCID: PMC10421472 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have gained significant attention in nanotechnology due to their unique properties and potential applications in various fields, including insecticidal and antibacterial activities. The ZnO-NPs were biosynthesized by Eriobotrya japonica leaf extract and characterized by various techniques such as UV-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential analysis. The results of SEM revealed that NPs were irregular and spherical-shaped, with a diameter between 5 and 27 nm. Meanwhile, DLS supported that the measured size distributions were 202.8 and 94.7 nm at 11.1° and 90.0°, respectively, which supported the polydisperse nature of NPs, and the corresponding zeta potential was -20.4 mV. The insecticidal activity of the produced ZnO-NPs was determined against the adult stage of coleopteran pests, Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus) (Curculionidae) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Tenebrionidae). The LC50 values of ZnO-NPs against adults of S. oryzae and T. castaneum at 24 h of exposure were 7125.35 and 5642.65 μg/mL, respectively, whereas the LC90 values were 121,824.56 and 66,825.76 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the biosynthesized nanoparticles exhibited antibacterial activity against three potato bacterial pathogens, and the size of the inhibition zone was concentration-dependent. The data showed that the inhibition zone size increased with an increase in the concentration of nanoparticles for all bacterial isolates tested. The highest inhibition zone was observed for Ralstonia solanacearum at a concentration of 5 µg/mL, followed by Pectobacterium atrosepticum and P. carotovorum. Eventually, ZnO-NPs could be successfully used as an influential agent in pest management programs against stored-product pests and potato bacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa Hamdy
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
| | - Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hamada El-Gendi
- Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab City 21934, Egypt;
| | - Wael M. Khamis
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Al-Sabhia, Alexandria 21616, Egypt;
| | - Said I. Behiry
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt;
| | - Franco Valentini
- Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari, Via Ceglie 9, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy;
| | - Kamel A. Abd-Elsalam
- Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdelkhalek
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
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Karakoc DB, Konar M, Puma MJ, Varshney LR. Structural chokepoints determine the resilience of agri-food supply chains in the United States. NATURE FOOD 2023; 4:607-615. [PMID: 37474801 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-023-00793-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The agricultural and food systems of the United States are critical for ensuring the stability of both domestic and global food systems. Thus, it is essential to understand the structural resilience of the country's agri-food supply chains to a suite of threats. Here we employ complex network statistics to identify the spatially resolved structural chokepoints in the agri-food supply chains of the United States. We identify seven chokepoints at county scale: Riverside CA, San Bernardino CA, Los Angeles CA, Shelby TN, Maricopa AZ, San Diego CA and Cook IL; as well as seven chokepoints at freight analysis framework scale: Los Angeles-Long Beach CA, Chicago-Naperville IL, New York-New Jersey NJ, New York-New Jersey NY, Remainder of Texas, Remainder of Pennsylvania, and San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland CA. These structural chokepoints are generally consistent through time (2007, 2012, 2017), particularly for processed food commodities. This study improves our understanding of agri-food supply-chain security and may aid policies aimed at enhancing its resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Berfin Karakoc
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Megan Konar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Michael J Puma
- Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lav R Varshney
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Cornescu GM, Panaite TD, Untea AE, Varzaru I, Saracila M, Dumitru M, Vlaicu PA, Gavris T. Mitigation of heat stress effects on laying hens' performances, egg quality, and some blood parameters by adding dietary zinc-enriched yeasts, parsley, and their combination. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1202058. [PMID: 37397001 PMCID: PMC10310801 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1202058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Finding natural, handy and efficient nutritional solutions to prevent and mitigate negative effects caused by environmental heat stress and to be applied to large-scale laying hen industry. Research design A 3-weeks trial was conducted on 128 laying hens TETRA-SL LL (50 weeks of age) housed in 8 cages/group, 4 laying hens/cage, 32 laying hens/group, under heat stress conditions (34±1°C). The basal diet on corn and soybean meal was formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenic. Compared to Control group diet (C), experimental groups E1 included 1% zinc-enriched yeast; E2 included 2% parsley and E3 included 1% zinc-enriched yeast combined with 2% parsley to minimize the heat stress effects. Methods The parsley and the zinc-enriched yeast were analysed for their chemical composition, total polyphenols, antioxidant capacity, minerals, vitamin E and incorporated into the ration structure. Production parameters, egg quality, biochemical and haematological profiles of blood samples were analysed during the trial. Results A statistically significant (p < 0.05) average egg weight was noticed on E2 and E3 compared to Control group, and also during the 1st week compared to the 2nd and the 3rd experimental weeks. Average daily feed intake values were highly significant (p < 0.001) on E3 group compared to C, E1, E2, and on the 2nd week compared to the 3rd experimental week (p < 0.021). Feed conversion rate was highly significant (p < 0.001) during the 2nd and the 3rd experimental weeks compared to the 1st week. The average daily egg production was highly significant (p < 0.001) within 1st week compared to the 2nd and 3rd weeks. A highly significant (p < 0.001) yolk coloration was noticed on E2 and E3 groups. The malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration decreased significantly (p < 0.05) to all experimental groups compared to Control group during the 14th and 28th days of storage. Conclusion These findings suggest that the two ingredients minimized the heat stress effects on production performance parameters with a demonstrated antioxidant capacity role by delaying the lipid peroxidation during different storage time periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Maria Cornescu
- Animal Nutrition Physiology Department, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Balotesti, Romania
| | - Tatiana Dumitra Panaite
- Animal Nutrition Physiology Department, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Balotesti, Romania
| | - Arabela Elena Untea
- Animal Nutrition Physiology Department, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Balotesti, Romania
| | - Iulia Varzaru
- Animal Nutrition Physiology Department, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Balotesti, Romania
| | - Mihaela Saracila
- Animal Nutrition Physiology Department, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Balotesti, Romania
| | - Mihaela Dumitru
- Animal Nutrition Physiology Department, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Balotesti, Romania
| | - Petru Alexandru Vlaicu
- Faculty of Animal Production Engineering and Management, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Teodor Gavris
- Faculty of Animal Production Engineering and Management, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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Navarro JM, Antolinos V, Botía P, Robles JM. Deficit Irrigation Applied to Lemon Trees Grafted on Two Rootstocks and Irrigated with Desalinated Seawater. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2300. [PMID: 37375925 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The use of desalinated seawater (DSW) for irrigation in semi-arid regions is taking hold. Citrus tolerance to ions that predominate in DSW and water stress depends on the rootstock. Deficit irrigation was applied to DSW-irrigated lemon trees and grafted on rootstocks with different tolerance (Citrus macrophylla (CM) and sour orange (SO)). Plants were irrigated with DSW or Control treatment (distilled water), and, 140 days later, irrigation treatments were started: full irrigation (FI) or DI (50% of the volume applied to FI). After 75 days, differences between CM and SO plants irrigated with DSW and under DI were found. The higher concentrations of Cl- and Na+ in CM and B in SO were the main causes of shoot growth reduction. The osmotic adjustment of CM plants was made possible by the accumulation of Na+, Cl-, and proline, but SO failed to adjust osmotically. In CM and SO plants, photosynthesis reduction was due to lower chlorophyll levels, but also to stomatal factors (CM plants) or alterations of the photochemical machinery (SO plants). Finally, unlike CM, SO had a good antioxidant system. In the future, knowing the different responses of CM and SO under these stressful conditions could be useful in citrus-growing areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefa M Navarro
- Equipo de Riego y Fisiología del Estrés, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Medioambiental, 30150 Murcia, Spain
| | - Vera Antolinos
- Equipo de Riego y Fisiología del Estrés, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Medioambiental, 30150 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo Botía
- Equipo de Riego y Fisiología del Estrés, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Medioambiental, 30150 Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan M Robles
- Equipo de Riego y Fisiología del Estrés, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Medioambiental, 30150 Murcia, Spain
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Genangeli A, Avola G, Bindi M, Cantini C, Cellini F, Grillo S, Petrozza A, Riggi E, Ruggiero A, Summerer S, Tedeschi A, Gioli B. Low-Cost Hyperspectral Imaging to Detect Drought Stress in High-Throughput Phenotyping. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1730. [PMID: 37111953 PMCID: PMC10143644 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in low-cost imaging hyperspectral cameras have opened up new possibilities for high-throughput phenotyping (HTP), allowing for high-resolution spectral data to be obtained in the visible and near-infrared spectral range. This study presents, for the first time, the integration of a low-cost hyperspectral camera Senop HSC-2 into an HTP platform to evaluate the drought stress resistance and physiological response of four tomato genotypes (770P, 990P, Red Setter and Torremaggiore) during two cycles of well-watered and deficit irrigation. Over 120 gigabytes of hyperspectral data were collected, and an innovative segmentation method able to reduce the hyperspectral dataset by 85.5% was developed and applied. A hyperspectral index (H-index) based on the red-edge slope was selected, and its ability to discriminate stress conditions was compared with three optical indices (OIs) obtained by the HTP platform. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) applied to the OIs and H-index revealed the better capacity of the H-index to describe the dynamic of drought stress trend compared to OIs, especially in the first stress and recovery phases. Selected OIs were instead capable of describing structural changes during plant growth. Finally, the OIs and H-index results have revealed a higher susceptibility to drought stress in 770P and 990P than Red Setter and Torremaggiore genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Genangeli
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Florence, Italy; (A.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Giovanni Avola
- Institute of Bioeconomy (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Florence, Italy; (G.A.); (C.C.); (E.R.)
| | - Marco Bindi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Florence, Italy; (A.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Claudio Cantini
- Institute of Bioeconomy (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Florence, Italy; (G.A.); (C.C.); (E.R.)
| | - Francesco Cellini
- Centro Ricerche Metapontum Agrobios-Agenzia Lucana di Sviluppo e di Innovazione in Agricoltura (ALSIA), S.S. Jonica 106, km 448,2, 75010 Metaponto di Bernalda, Italy; (F.C.); (A.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Stefania Grillo
- D1 National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (S.G.); (A.R.); (A.T.)
| | - Angelo Petrozza
- Centro Ricerche Metapontum Agrobios-Agenzia Lucana di Sviluppo e di Innovazione in Agricoltura (ALSIA), S.S. Jonica 106, km 448,2, 75010 Metaponto di Bernalda, Italy; (F.C.); (A.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Ezio Riggi
- Institute of Bioeconomy (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Florence, Italy; (G.A.); (C.C.); (E.R.)
| | - Alessandra Ruggiero
- D1 National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (S.G.); (A.R.); (A.T.)
| | - Stephan Summerer
- Centro Ricerche Metapontum Agrobios-Agenzia Lucana di Sviluppo e di Innovazione in Agricoltura (ALSIA), S.S. Jonica 106, km 448,2, 75010 Metaponto di Bernalda, Italy; (F.C.); (A.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Anna Tedeschi
- D1 National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (S.G.); (A.R.); (A.T.)
| | - Beniamino Gioli
- Institute of Bioeconomy (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Florence, Italy; (G.A.); (C.C.); (E.R.)
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Vicario DR, Holman I, Sutcliffe C, Hess T. Synergies and trade-offs in drought resilience within a multi-level UK food supply chain. REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE 2023; 23:55. [PMID: 37033697 PMCID: PMC10073057 DOI: 10.1007/s10113-023-02046-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Weather extremes are the biggest challenge for supply chains worldwide, with food supply chains particularly exposed due to agriculture's sensitivity to weather conditions. Whilst attention has been paid to farm-level impacts from, and adaptation to, weather extremes, there remains a need to better understand how different actors along the supply chain suffer, react and adapt to these natural hazards and how their resilience-building strategies affect other actors' and the whole system's resilience. Taking the UK potato supply chain as a case study, this paper analyses the synergies and trade-offs in drought resilience in a multi-level food supply chain. Data from an online survey (87) and interviews with key informants (27) representing potato supply-chain actors (growers, packers, processors, retailers) were used to analyse drought risk perceptions, impacts and coping strategies, long-term resilience measures and further actions to build system resilience. Results suggest that the potato supply chain has increased its resilience to weather extremes due to retailers and packers having a wider geographical spread of supply, an increasing reliance on forward contracts and favouring growers with water security. However, a conceptual framework of resilience-building strategies adopted by supply chain actors shows that these measures are largely designed to reduce their own risk without considering implications for other parts of the chain and the system as a whole. A more integrated approach to promote drought resilience in complex food supply chains that enables improved vertical collaboration and trust between actors is therefore needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Rey Vicario
- Centre for Water, Environment and Development, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedford, MK43 0AL UK
| | - Ian Holman
- Centre for Water, Environment and Development, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedford, MK43 0AL UK
| | - Chloe Sutcliffe
- Centre for Water, Environment and Development, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedford, MK43 0AL UK
- Science and Collections Division, Royal Horticultural Society, Wisley, Woking UK
| | - Tim Hess
- Centre for Water, Environment and Development, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedford, MK43 0AL UK
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da Silva WC, da Silva JAR, Camargo-Júnior RNC, da Silva ÉBR, dos Santos MRP, Viana RB, Silva AGME, da Silva CMG, Lourenço-Júnior JDB. Animal welfare and effects of per-female stress on male and cattle reproduction—A review. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1083469. [PMID: 37065229 PMCID: PMC10102491 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1083469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermal stress causes severe effects on the wellbeing and reproduction of cattle, including changes in oogenesis and spermatogenesis, generating great concerns, which last for decades. In cattle, the occurrence of thermal stress is associated with a reduction in the production of spermatozoids and ovarian follicles, in addition to the increase of major and minor defects in gametes or in their intermediate stages. In bovine females able to reproduce, a reduction in the rate of estrus manifestation and an increase in embryonic mortality has been observed. Therefore, keeping animals on good welfare conditions, with water supply and in shaded areas can favor the improvement of different reproductive parameters. For all this, the present study aimed to gather, synthesize and argue recent studies related to animal welfare, focusing on the effects of thermal stress on the reproduction of cattle, aiming to support possible strategies to mitigate the harmful effects of thermal stress in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Welligton Conceição da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), UFRA, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Castanhal, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Welligton Conceição da Silva
| | | | - Raimundo Nonato Colares Camargo-Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), UFRA, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Castanhal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rinaldo Batista Viana
- Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Institute of Animal Health and Production, Belém, Brazil
| | - André Guimarães Maciel e Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), UFRA, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Castanhal, Brazil
| | - Cleidson Manoel Gomes da Silva
- Federal University of the South and Southeast of Pará (UNIFESSPA), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Xinguara, Pará, Brazil
| | - José de Brito Lourenço-Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), UFRA, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Castanhal, Brazil
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Chandregowda MH, Tjoelker MG, Pendall E, Zhang H, Churchill AC, Power SA. Belowground carbon allocation, root trait plasticity, and productivity during drought and warming in a pasture grass. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:2127-2145. [PMID: 36640126 PMCID: PMC10084810 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sustaining grassland production in a changing climate requires an understanding of plant adaptation strategies, including trait plasticity under warmer and drier conditions. However, our knowledge to date disproportionately relies on aboveground responses, despite the importance of belowground traits in maintaining aboveground growth, especially in grazed systems. We subjected a perennial pasture grass, Festuca arundinacea, to year-round warming (+3 °C) and cool-season drought (60% rainfall reduction) in a factorial field experiment to test the hypotheses that: (i) drought and warming increase carbon allocation belowground and shift root traits towards greater resource acquisition and (ii) increased belowground carbon reserves support post-drought aboveground recovery. Drought and warming reduced plant production and biomass allocation belowground. Drought increased specific root length and reduced root diameter in warmed plots but increased root starch concentrations under ambient temperature. Higher diameter and soluble sugar concentrations of roots and starch storage in crowns explained aboveground production under climate extremes. However, the lack of association between post-drought aboveground biomass and belowground carbon and nitrogen reserves contrasted with our predictions. These findings demonstrate that root trait plasticity and belowground carbon reserves play a key role in aboveground production during climate stress, helping predict pasture responses and inform management decisions under future climates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Elise Pendall
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Amber C Churchill
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour, University of Minnesota, 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Sally A Power
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
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Alba-Mejía JE, Dohnal V, Domínguez-Rodríguez G, Středa T, Klíma M, Mlejnková V, Skládanka J. Ergosterol and polyphenol contents as rapid indicators of orchardgrass silage safety. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14940. [PMID: 37064459 PMCID: PMC10102439 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The ergosterol (ERG) has been proposed as a potential indicator of fungal contamination, along with polyphenol content analysis to predict silage safety. Despite efforts in controlling fungal growth in silage, mycotoxin co-contamination represents a possible risk for animal and human health. Modern analytical techniques determine a multitude of fungal metabolites contaminating feed. Nonetheless, these methods require sometimes arduous sample pre-treatment, long separation times, and expensive standard compounds to identified contaminants. Thus, the goal of this study was to suggest a rapid analysis of ERG and polyphenol contents to assess silage hygienic quality in ten orchardgrass varieties ensiled without and with biological and chemical additives. The determination of ERG on samples was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography using UV detection and UV/Vis spectrophotometry to determine the polyphenol content. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) between varieties, years and silage additives were found. Bepro was the unique variety that did not present ERG in the first cut in 2012. ERG content increased in the first cut in 2013 using biological additives as well as ERG and polyphenol contents in the first cut in 2013 using chemical additives compared with untreated silage. In addition, biological and chemical additives used in this study did not satisfactorily reduce the content of ERG and polyphenols in silage grass. Consequently, our results provide fast information about the progressive fungal contamination of grass silage. To our knowledge, it is the first time that the presence of ERG and polyphenols is determined in ten different orchardgrass varieties treated without and with additives. In general, ERG and polyphenol contents showed to be good indicators of orchardgrass silage safety.
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Gil MG, Gomez-Raya L, Torres O, Cigarroa-Vazquez FA, Davila SG, Rauw WM. Heterophil/lymphocyte response of local Spanish breeds of laying hens to cold stress, heat stress, and water restriction. J Therm Biol 2023; 113:103542. [PMID: 37055118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Environmental challenges may adversely affect poultry production. Autochthonous breeds are particularly valuable in a climate change context because of adaptation to the local environment. The objective of the present study was to determine the impact of cold stress, water restriction, and heat stress on the stress response quantified by the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio (H/L) of ten local Spanish breeds of laying hens. Hens of these local breeds were consecutively subjected to three treatments: natural cold stress (2, 4, 6, 7, 9, and 13 °C), water restriction (with a duration of 2.5, 4.5, 7, 10, and 12 h, respectively), and natural heat stress (23, 26, 28, 30, 34, 38, 40, and 42 °C). During cold stress, H/L was higher at 9 and 13 °C than at 2, 4, and 6 °C, and higher at 9 °C than at 7 °C (P < 0.05). H/L values were similar during all water restriction levels. During heat stress, H/L was particularly elevated at temperatures higher than 40 °C (P < 0.05). Overall, Andaluza Azul, Andaluza Perdiz and Prat Codorniz showed lowest resilience to stress based on their H/L response, whereas Pardo de Leon, Villafranquina Roja, and Prat Leonada showed highest resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Gil
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Ctra. de la Coruña km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Gomez-Raya
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Ctra. de la Coruña km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Torres
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Ctra. de la Coruña km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sara G Davila
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Ctra. de la Coruña km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Wendy M Rauw
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Ctra. de la Coruña km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Brouillet A, Sultan B. Livestock exposure to future cumulated climate-related stressors in West Africa. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2698. [PMID: 36792631 PMCID: PMC9932094 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22544-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A large range of climate change impacts is expected during the twenty-first century in vulnerable regions such as West Africa, where local populations largely rely on livestock systems as their main food production and income source. As climate change threatens livestock systems in various ways, here we assess how regional livestock could be exposed to cumulated climate-related stressors in the future. Using the world's largest multi-model climate impacts simulations database ISIMIP, we find that a large part of West Africa will experience at least 5-6 cumulated multiple climate stressors before the 2030s, including amplified severe heat stress conditions and flood risks. Consequently, about 30% of the current total regional livestock could be exposed to these cumulated stressors, with sheep and goat as the most affected species. This paper brings new quantifications that may help policy makers to prioritize decisions that could prepare local populations to face multiple climate-related impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Brouillet
- ESPACE-DEV, Univ Montpellier, IRD, Univ Guyane, Univ Reunion, Univ Antilles, Univ Avignon, Maison de la Télédétection, 500 rue Jean-François Breton, F-34093, Montpellier, Cedex, France.
| | - Benjamin Sultan
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141ESPACE-DEV, Univ Montpellier, IRD, Univ Guyane, Univ Reunion, Univ Antilles, Univ Avignon, Maison de la Télédétection, 500 rue Jean-François Breton, F-34093 Montpellier, Cedex, France
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Galanakis CM. The "Vertigo" of the Food Sector within the Triangle of Climate Change, the Post-Pandemic World, and the Russian-Ukrainian War. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040721. [PMID: 36832796 PMCID: PMC9956103 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, the world has been facing dramatic changes due to a condensed period of multiple crises, including climate change, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Russian-Ukrainian war. Although different, these consecutive crises share common characteristics (e.g., systemic shocks and non-stationary nature) and impacts (e.g., disruption of markets and supply chains), questioning food safety, security, and sustainability. The current article analyses the effects of the noted crises in the food sector before proposing target mitigation measures to address the different challenges. The goal is to transform the food systems to increase their resilience and sustainability. This goal can only be achieved if all relevant actors within the supply chain (e.g., governments, companies, distributors, farmers, etc.) play their role by designing and implementing target interventions and policies. In addition, the transformation of the food sector should be proactive concerning food safety, circular (valorizing several bioresources under the principles of climate neutral economy and blue bioeconomy), digital (based on Industry 4.0 applications), and inclusive (ensuring that all citizens are actively engaged). Food production modernization (e.g., by implementing emerging technologies) and developing shorter and more domestic supply chains are also critical to achieving food resilience and security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charis M. Galanakis
- Galanakis Laboratories, Research & Innovation Department, 73131 Chania, Greece;
- Food Waste Recovery Group, ISEKI Food Association, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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Climate change and food security nexus in Asia: A regional comparison. ECOL INFORM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2023.102038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
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Khan W, Khan S, Dhamija A, Haseeb M, Ansari SA. Risk assessment in livestock supply chain using the MCDM method: a case of emerging economy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:20688-20703. [PMID: 36258112 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23640-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to identify and assess the risks related to the livestock supply chain. The major risk related to the livestock supply chain are identified through the comprehensive literature review and finalized with the help of the expert's feedback. Initially, seventeen major livestock supply chain risks are finalized, and these risks are categorized into four major dimensions. Further, analytical hierarchical process (AHP) is used to prioritize these identified major risks based on their severity. Finally, sensitivity analysis is conducted to check the robustness of the risk priorities. The result shows that "input supply risk" is the most significant risk dimension followed by "production risk," "post-harvest risk," and "marketing & price risk." The finding also suggests that "poor quality and under supply of feed and fodder," "lack of proper waste disposal," and "absence of certification for the quality of animals" are the major risks among all seventeen risks. The highest priority risks are input supply risks which require the attention of the livestock supply chain partners. The proposed research framework is used to identify and analyze the livestock supply chain risks. The findings of this research might be beneficial for the farmers and other livestock supply chain stakeholders in developing policies/plans/strategies to control the risk in their livestock supply chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Khan
- Department of Management, SMBS, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
| | - Shahbaz Khan
- Institute of Business Management, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India, 281406
| | - Aruna Dhamija
- Institute of Business Management, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India, 281406
| | - Mohammad Haseeb
- China Institute of Development Strategy and Planning, and Center for Industrial Economics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Saghir Ahmad Ansari
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Business Management, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Stylianou M, Papamichael I, Voukkali I, Tsangas M, Omirou M, Ioannides IM, Zorpas AA. LCA of Barley Production: A Case Study from Cyprus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2417. [PMID: 36767784 PMCID: PMC9916166 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse gas emissions (i.e., carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide) produced by agriculture contribute to global warming and climate change. Various practices followed by farmers in different environmental conditions contribute to the increase in the phenomena, and there is a need for immediate measures. The current study examines the environmental impact of barley production under rain-fed conditions in Cyprus. For this, four different nutrient management scenarios were investigated in order to evaluate the environmental performance of crop production, namely: (1) Nitrogen (20%), Phosphorous (20%), Potassium (10%); (2) Nitrogen (20%), Phosphorous (20%), Potassium (10%) and manure; (3) Nitrogen (25%), Phosphorous (10%), Potassium (0%); and (4) Nitrogen (25%), Phosphorous (10%), Potassium (0%) and manure. Data were collected from two different areas of Cyprus (Nicosia and Larnaca) through on-site visits and questionnaires. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was used as a method to quantify environmental impacts which were categorized into six impact categories: (i) acidification potential (AP), (ii) eutrophication potential (EP), (iii) global warming potential (GWP), (iv) ozone depletion potential (ODP), (v) photochemical, ozone creation potential (POCP), and (vi) terrestrial ecotoxicity (TAETP). LCA was used with system boundaries from field to harvest and a functional unit (FU) of one bale of hay. Research results showed that the addition of manure increased values in all impact categories. Comparing scenarios without manure (1 and 3) and with manure (2 and 4), the main process which contributed to GWP was field preparation, which resulted in 3 t CO2-Eq∙FU-1 and 46.96 t CO2-Eq∙FU-1, respectively. Furthermore, the highest contribution of sub-processes to GWP (kg CO2-Eq∙FU-1) was machinery maintenance (scenarios 2 and 4). The potential to reduce environmental impacts from barley and moreover, to mitigate the footprint of the agriculture sector in Cyprus is proposed by changing existing practices such as decreasing fuel consumption by agricultural machinery, and monitoring fertilizing and seeding. Conclusively, the carbon footprint of barley can be decreased through the improvement of nutrient management and cropping practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinos Stylianou
- Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Engineering Sustainability, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Open University of Cyprus, Giannou Kranidioti 33, Latsia, Nicosia 2220, Cyprus
| | - Iliana Papamichael
- Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Engineering Sustainability, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Open University of Cyprus, Giannou Kranidioti 33, Latsia, Nicosia 2220, Cyprus
| | - Irene Voukkali
- Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Engineering Sustainability, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Open University of Cyprus, Giannou Kranidioti 33, Latsia, Nicosia 2220, Cyprus
| | - Michail Tsangas
- Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Engineering Sustainability, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Open University of Cyprus, Giannou Kranidioti 33, Latsia, Nicosia 2220, Cyprus
| | - Michalis Omirou
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Agricultural Research Institute, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus
| | - Ioannis M. Ioannides
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Agricultural Research Institute, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus
| | - Antonis A. Zorpas
- Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Engineering Sustainability, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Open University of Cyprus, Giannou Kranidioti 33, Latsia, Nicosia 2220, Cyprus
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Mirón IJ, Linares C, Díaz J. The influence of climate change on food production and food safety. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114674. [PMID: 36341795 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Food security and food safety are two concepts related to food risks. The majority of studies regarding climate change and food risks are related to the security of food provision. The objective of this study was to review the current state of knowledge of the influence of climate change on food production and food safety. The literature search was carried out by specifying each area individually (crops, ranching, fishing, food safety, etc.), including the term "climate change" and other specific factors such as CO2, ozone, biotoxins, mortality, heat, etc.) The increase in carbon dioxide concentrations together with the increase in global temperatures theoretically produces greater yields in crops destined for human and animal consumption. However, the majority of studies have shown that crop yields are decreasing, due to the increase in the frequency of extreme weather events. Furthermore, these climate anomalies are irregularly distributed, with a greater impact on developing countries that have a lower capacity to address climate change. All of these factors result in greater uncertainty in terms of food provision and market speculation. An increase in average temperatures could lead to an increased risk of proliferation of micro-organisms that produce food-borne illnesses, such as salmonella and campylobacter. However, in developed countries with information systems that document the occurrence of these diseases over time, no clear trend has been determined, in part because of extensive food conservation controls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Linares
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Julio Díaz
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
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Cheng S, Li X, Cao Y. Global evidence of the exposure-lag-response associations between temperature anomalies and food markets. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 325:116592. [PMID: 36323119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed a landmark shift in global food prices due to the frequency of extreme weather events caused by temperature anomalies as well as the overlapping risks of COVID-19. Notably, the threat posed by temperature anomalies has spread beyond agricultural production to all aspects across food supply and demand channels, further amplifying volatility in food markets. Exploring trends in global food prices will give nations early warning signs to ensure the stability of food market. Accordingly, we utilize the Distributed Lag Non-Linear Model (DLNM) to simultaneously establish the exposure-lag-response associations between global temperature anomalies and food price returns in two dimensions: "Anomaly Degree" and "Response Time". Meanwhile, we also examine the cumulative lagged effects of temperature anomalies in terms of different quantiles and lag times. Several conclusions have been drawn. First, global food price returns will continue to decrease when the average temperature drops or rises slightly. While it turns up once the average temperature rises more than 1.1 °C. Second, major food commodities are more sensitive to temperature changes, and their price returns may also trend in a directional shift at different lags, with the trend in meat price being more particular. Third, food markets are more strongly affected in the case of extreme temperature anomalies. Many uncertainties still exist regarding the impact of climate change on food markets, and our work serves as a valuable reference for international trade regulation as well as the creation of dynamic climate risk hedging strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Cheng
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China; Resources Environmental Economic Research Center, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
| | - Xinran Li
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
| | - Yan Cao
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
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46
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Mthethwa KN, Ngidi MSC, Ojo TO, Hlatshwayo SI. The Determinants of Adoption and Intensity of Climate-Smart Agricultural Practices among Smallholder Maize Farmers. SUSTAINABILITY 2022; 14:16926. [PMID: 39077154 PMCID: PMC7616310 DOI: 10.3390/su142416926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Smallholder farmers' maize production is highly susceptible to climate change. Higher temperatures may result in reduced yields while encouraging weed, pest, and disease infestation. The impacts of climate change on agriculture are projected to be negative, threatening global food security; therefore, this is an important area of empirical research. This study sought to identify the factors affecting the adoption and intensity of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) adoption among smallholder maize farmers in the uMshwathi and uKhahlamba Municipal areas of KwaZulu Natal. The study used the primary data collected from 99 respondents who were selected through simple random sampling. The descriptive results indicated that farmers had experienced severe climatic conditions such as drought, pests, diseases, hailstorms, heavy rains (floods), soil infertility, and frost in their farming system. The first hurdle of the probit model results showed that drought, on-farm income, and household size significantly influenced the adoption of CSA practices. In contrast, the main source of income and educational level had a significant negative influence. The results from the second hurdle showed that drought had a significant positive impact on the intensity of CSA adoption, while marital status had a significant negative effect. Several factors influence the adoption of an intensification of CSA practices. The study recommends that policymakers and climate change champions consider smallholder farmers' socioeconomic factors when developing climate change adaptation programs. Local climate change organizations must scale up climate change awareness and adaptation programs collaboratively. Investments in public climate and adaptation education or training are needed, as well as localized meteorological observations and early warning systems. Mass media dissemination of climate change and adaptation information in locally understood languages is urgently required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khethiwe Naledi Mthethwa
- Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Resource Management, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg3201, South Africa
- Centre for Transformative Agricultural and Food Systems, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg3201, South Africa
| | - Mjabuliseni Simon Cloapas Ngidi
- Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Resource Management, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg3201, South Africa
- Centre for Transformative Agricultural and Food Systems, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg3201, South Africa
| | - Temitope Oluwaseun Ojo
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife220101, Nigeria
- Disaster Management Training and Education Centre for Africa, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein9301, South Africa
| | - Simphiwe Innocentia Hlatshwayo
- Centre for Transformative Agricultural and Food Systems, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg3201, South Africa
- African Centre for Food Security, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg3201, South Africa
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Aboul-Naga AM, Alsamman AM, El Allali A, Elshafie MH, Abdelal ES, Abdelkhalek TM, Abdelsabour TH, Mohamed LG, Hamwieh A. Genome-wide analysis identified candidate variants and genes associated with heat stress adaptation in Egyptian sheep breeds. Front Genet 2022; 13:898522. [PMID: 36263427 PMCID: PMC9574253 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.898522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress caused by climatic changes is one of the most significant stresses on livestock in hot and dry areas. It has particularly adverse effects on the ability of the breed to maintain homeothermy. Developing countries are advised to protect and prepare their animal resources in the face of potential threats such as climate change. The current study was conducted in Egypt’s three hot and dry agro-ecological zones. Three local sheep breeds (Saidi, Wahati, and Barki) were studied with a total of 206 ewes. The animals were exercised under natural heat stress. The heat tolerance index of the animals was calculated to identify animals with high and low heat tolerance based on their response to meteorological and physiological parameters. Genomic variation in these breeds was assessed using 64,756 single nucleotide polymorphic markers (SNPs). From the perspective of comparative adaptability to harsh conditions, our objective was to investigate the genomic structure that might control the adaptability of local sheep breeds to environmental stress under hot and dry conditions. In addition, indices of population structure and diversity of local breeds were examined. Measures of genetic diversity showed a significant influence of breed and location on populations. The standardized index of association (rbarD) ranged from 0.0012 (Dakhla) to 0.026 (Assuit), while for the breed, they ranged from 0.004 (Wahati) to 0.0103 (Saidi). The index of association analysis (Ia) ranged from 1.42 (Dakhla) to 35.88 (Assuit) by location and from 6.58 (Wahati) to 15.36 (Saidi) by breed. The most significant SNPs associated with heat tolerance were found in the MYO5A, PRKG1, GSTCD, and RTN1 genes (p ≤ 0.0001). MYO5A produces a protein widely distributed in the melanin-producing neural crest of the skin. Genetic association between genetic and phenotypic variations showed that OAR1_18300122.1, located in ST3GAL3, had the greatest positive effect on heat tolerance. Genome-wide association analysis identified SNPs associated with heat tolerance in the PLCB1, STEAP3, KSR2, UNC13C, PEBP4, and GPAT2 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel M. Aboul-Naga
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Cairo, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Adel M. Aboul-Naga, ; Alsamman M. Alsamman,
| | - Alsamman M. Alsamman
- Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Adel M. Aboul-Naga, ; Alsamman M. Alsamman,
| | - Achraf El Allali
- African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Mohmed H. Elshafie
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ehab S. Abdelal
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tarek M. Abdelkhalek
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Taha H. Abdelsabour
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Layaly G. Mohamed
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aladdin Hamwieh
- International Center For Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Giza, Egypt
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48
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Myers S, Fanzo J, Wiebe K, Huybers P, Smith M. Current guidance underestimates risk of global environmental change to food security. BMJ 2022; 378:e071533. [PMID: 36175018 PMCID: PMC9517947 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2022-071533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Projections of future food security require careful interpretation because they are often based on models that include only a subset of biophysical variables and have inherent uncertainties, caution Samuel Myers and colleagues
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Myers
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard University Center for the Environment, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Fanzo
- Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Berman Institute of Bioethics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Keith Wiebe
- International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC, USA
| | - Peter Huybers
- Harvard University Center for the Environment, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Smith
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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49
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Li J, Song Z. Dynamic Impacts of External Uncertainties on the Stability of the Food Supply Chain: Evidence from China. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172552. [PMID: 36076737 PMCID: PMC9454885 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The food supply chain operates in a complex and dynamic external environment, and the external uncertainties from natural and socio-economic environment pose great challenges to the development of the food industry. In particular, the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia–Ukraine conflict have further exacerbated the vulnerability of the global food supply chain. Analyzing the dynamic impacts of external uncertainties on the stability of food supply chain is central to guaranteeing the sustainable security of food supply. Based on the division of food supply chain and the classification of external uncertainties, the TVP-FAVAR-SV model was constructed to explore the dynamic impacts of external uncertainties on food supply chain. It was found that the impacts of external uncertainty elements were significantly different, the combination of different external uncertainty elements aggravated or reduced the risks of food supply chain. And some uncertainty elements had both positive and negative impacts in the whole sample period, as the magnitude and direction of the impacts of various uncertainties in different periods had time-varying characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingdong Li
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhouying Song
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-64889655
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Urom C, Guesmi K, Abid I, Enwo-Irem IN. Co-inventions, uncertainties and global food security. ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND POLICY STUDIES 2022. [PMCID: PMC9288818 DOI: 10.1007/s10018-022-00347-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This paper examines the effects of international collaborative efforts on climate-friendly agricultural technologies on global food security. In particular, we use patent data on environmental technological innovations for OECD countries and global food prices from the period 1990 to 2016. Also, we investigate the impact of uncertainties in weather conditions in terms of rising global temperature created by climate change using data on global surface temperature from the Energy Information Administration and the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) Surface Temperature Analysis of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). We used both impulse response functions and variance error decomposition from a panel Vector Auto-Regressive (VAR) model to examine both the response of global food prices to shocks on the concerned variables and the decomposition of error variance in global food prices. First, our results show that international collaborative efforts on climate-friendly agricultural technologies reduce global food prices while increasing global surface temperature increases food prices. Regarding the variance decomposition of global food prices, results show that surface temperature followed by international collaborations in climate-friendly innovations and other environment-related technologies are the main drivers of forecast error variance in global food prices. The food price variance share associated with greenhouse gas emissions is less when compared to that of technological innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Urom
- Paris School of Business, 54 Rue Nationale, Paris, France
| | - Khaled Guesmi
- Paris School of Business, 54 Rue Nationale, Paris, France
| | - Ilyes Abid
- ISC Paris Business School, Paris, France
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