1
|
Huang J, Siyar S, Sharma R, Herrig I, Wise L, Aidt S, List E, Kopchick JJ, Puri V, Lee KY. Adipocyte Subpopulations Mediate Growth Hormone-induced Lipolysis and Glucose Tolerance in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad151. [PMID: 37897489 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
In adipose tissue, growth hormone (GH) stimulates lipolysis, leading to an increase in plasma free fatty acid levels and a reduction in insulin sensitivity. In our previous studies, we have found that GH increases lipolysis by reducing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) transcription activity, leading to a reduction of tat-specific protein 27 (FSP27, also known as CIDEC) expression. In previous studies, our laboratory uncovered 3 developmentally distinct subpopulations of white adipocytes. In this manuscript, we show that one of the subpopulations, termed type 2 adipocytes, has increased GH-induced signaling and lipolysis compared to other adipocyte subtypes. To assess the physiological role of GH-mediated lipolysis mediated by this adipocyte subpopulation, we specifically expressed human FSP27 (hFSP27) transgene in type 2 adipocytes (type2Ad-hFSP27tg mice). Systemically, male type2Ad-hFSP27tg mice displayed reduced serum glycerol release and nonesterified fatty acids levels after acute GH treatment, and improvement in acute, but not chronic, GH-induced glucose intolerance. Furthermore, we demonstrate that type2Ad-hFSP27tg mice displayed improved hepatic insulin signaling. Taken together, these results indicate that this adipocyte subpopulation is a critical regulator of the GH-mediated lipolytic and metabolic response. Thus, further investigation of adipocyte subpopulations may provide novel treatment strategies to regulate GH-induced glucose intolerance in patients with growth and metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Sohana Siyar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Rita Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Isabella Herrig
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Lauren Wise
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Spencer Aidt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Edward List
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - John J Kopchick
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Vishwajeet Puri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Kevin Y Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chang C, Li H, Zhang R. Zebrafish facilitate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease research: Tools, models and applications. Liver Int 2023; 43:1385-1398. [PMID: 37122203 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become an increasingly epidemic metabolic disease worldwide. NAFLD can gradually deteriorate from simple liver steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis to liver cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. Zebrafish are vertebrate animal models that are genetically and metabolically conserved with mammals and have unique advantages such as high fecundity, rapid development ex utero and optical transparency. These features have rendered zebrafish an emerging model system for liver diseases and metabolic diseases favoured by many researchers in recent years. In the present review, we summarize a series of tools for zebrafish NAFLD research and the models established through different dietary feeding, hepatotoxic chemical treatments and genetic manipulations via transgenic or genome editing technologies. We also discuss how zebrafish models facilitate NAFLD studies by providing novel insights into NAFLD pathogenesis, toxicology research, and drug evaluation and discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huicong Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruilin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao L, Jiang H. Growth hormone stimulates lipolysis in mice but not in adipose tissue or adipocyte culture. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 13:1028191. [PMID: 36686475 PMCID: PMC9846043 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1028191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory effect of growth hormone (GH) on adipose tissue growth and the stimulatory effect of GH on lipolysis are well known, but the mechanisms underlying these effects are not completely understood. In this study, we revisited the effects of GH on adipose tissue growth and lipolysis in the lit/lit mouse model. The lit/lit mice are GH deficient because of a mutation in the GH releasing hormone receptor gene. We found that the lit/lit mice had more subcutaneous fat and larger adipocytes than their heterozygous lit/+ littermates and that these differences were partially reversed by 4-week GH injection. We also found that GH injection to the lit/lit mice caused the mature adipose tissue and adipocytes to reduce in size. These results demonstrate that GH inhibits adipose tissue growth at least in part by stimulating lipolysis. To determine the mechanism by which GH stimulates lipolysis, we cultured adipose tissue explants and adipocytes derived from lit/lit mice with GH and/or isoproterenol, an agonist of the beta-adrenergic receptors. These experiments showed that whereas isoproterenol, expectedly, stimulated potent lipolysis, GH, surprisingly, had no effect on basal lipolysis or isoproterenol-induced lipolysis in adipose tissue explants or adipocytes. We also found that both isoproterenol-induced lipolysis and phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase were not different between lit/lit and lit/+ mice. Taken together, these results support the conclusion that GH has lipolytic effect in mice but argue against the notion that GH stimulates lipolysis by directly acting on adipocytes or by enhancing β-adrenergic receptors-mediated lipolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Honglin Jiang
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cui Y, Cruz M, Palatnik A, Olivier-Van Stichelen S. O-GlcNAc transferase contributes to sex-specific placental deregulation in gestational diabetes. Placenta 2023; 131:1-12. [PMID: 36442303 PMCID: PMC9839643 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gestational diabetes (GDM) is traditionally thought to emerge from placental endocrine dysregulations, but recent evidence suggests that fetal sex can also impact GDM development. Understanding the molecular mechanisms through which sex modulates placenta physiology can help identify novel molecular targets for future clinical care. Thus, we investigated the nutrient-sensing O-GlcNAc pathway as a potential mediator of sex-specific placenta dysfunction in GDM. METHODS Expression levels of O-GlcNAc enzymes were measured in male and female (n = 9+/gender) human placentas based on the maternal diagnosis of GDM. We then simulated the observed differences in both BeWo cells and human syncytiotrophoblasts primary cells (SCT) from male and female origins (n = 6/gender). RNA sequencing and targeted qPCR were performed to characterize the subsequent changes in the placenta transcriptome related to gestational diabetes. RESULTS O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) expression was significantly reduced only in male placenta collected from mothers with GDM compared to healthy controls. Similar downregulation of OGT in trophoblast-like BeWo male cells demonstrated significant gene expression deregulations that overlapped with known GDM-related genes. Notably, placental growth hormone (GH) production was significantly elevated, while compensatory factors against GH-related insulin resistance were diminished. Inflammatory and immunologic factors with toxic effects on pancreatic β cell mass were also increased, altogether leaning toward a decompensatory diabetic profile. Similar changes in hormone expression were confirmed in male human primary SCTs transfected with siOGT. However, down-regulating OGT in female primary SCTs did not impact hormone production. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated the significant deregulation of placental OGT levels in mothers with GDM carrying a male fetus. When simulated in vitro, such deregulation impacted hormonal production in BeWo trophoblast cells and primary SCTs purified from male placentas. Interestingly, female placentas were only modestly impacted by OGT downregulation, suggesting that the sex-specific presentation observed in gestational diabetes could be related to O-GlcNAc-mediated regulation of placental hormone production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Meredith Cruz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Anna Palatnik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA; Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Stephanie Olivier-Van Stichelen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA; Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Castell AL, Goubault C, Ethier M, Fergusson G, Tremblay C, Baltz M, Dal Soglio D, Ghislain J, Poitout V. β Cell mass expansion during puberty involves serotonin signaling and determines glucose homeostasis in adulthood. JCI Insight 2022; 7:160854. [PMID: 36107617 PMCID: PMC9675460 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.160854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Puberty is associated with transient insulin resistance that normally recedes at the end of puberty; however, in overweight children, insulin resistance persists, leading to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. The mechanisms whereby pancreatic β cells adapt to pubertal insulin resistance, and how they are affected by the metabolic status, have not been investigated. Here, we show that puberty is associated with a transient increase in β cell proliferation in rats and humans of both sexes. In rats, β cell proliferation correlated with a rise in growth hormone (GH) levels. Serum from pubertal rats and humans promoted β cell proliferation, suggesting the implication of a circulating factor. In pubertal rat islets, expression of genes of the GH/serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) pathway underwent changes consistent with a proliferative effect. Inhibition of the pro-proliferative 5-HT receptor isoform HTR2B blocked the increase in β cell proliferation in pubertal islets ex vivo and in vivo. Peripubertal metabolic stress blunted β cell proliferation during puberty and led to altered glucose homeostasis later in life. This study identifies a role of GH/GH receptor/5-HT/HTR2B signaling in the control of β cell mass expansion during puberty and identifies a mechanistic link between pubertal obesity and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Castell
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine and
| | - Clara Goubault
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Ethier
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Grace Fergusson
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caroline Tremblay
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie Baltz
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dorothée Dal Soglio
- CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julien Ghislain
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincent Poitout
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine and
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Muñoz MC, Piazza VG, Burghi V, Giani JF, Martinez CS, Cicconi NS, Muia NV, Fang Y, Lavandero S, Sotelo AI, Bartke A, Pennisi PA, Dominici FP, Miquet JG. Insulin signaling in the heart is impaired by growth hormone: a direct and early event. J Mol Endocrinol 2022; 69:357-376. [PMID: 35608964 PMCID: PMC9339477 DOI: 10.1530/jme-21-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) exerts major actions in cardiac growth and metabolism. Considering the important role of insulin in the heart and the well-established anti-insulin effects of GH, cardiac insulin resistance may play a role in the cardiopathology observed in acromegalic patients. As conditions of prolonged exposure to GH are associated with a concomitant increase of circulating GH, IGF1 and insulin levels, to dissect the direct effects of GH, in this study, we evaluated the activation of insulin signaling in the heart using four different models: (i) transgenic mice overexpressing GH, with chronically elevated GH, IGF1 and insulin circulating levels; (ii) liver IGF1-deficient mice, with chronically elevated GH and insulin but decreased IGF1 circulating levels; (iii) mice treated with GH for a short period of time; (iv) primary culture of rat cardiomyocytes incubated with GH. Despite the differences in the development of cardiomegaly and in the metabolic alterations among the three experimental mouse models analyzed, exposure to GH was consistently associated with a decreased response to acute insulin stimulation in the heart at the receptor level and through the PI3K/AKT pathway. Moreover, a blunted response to insulin stimulation of this signaling pathway was also observed in cultured cardiomyocytes of neonatal rats incubated with GH. Therefore, the key novel finding of this work is that impairment of insulin signaling in the heart is a direct and early event observed as a consequence of exposure to GH, which may play a major role in the development of cardiac pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina C Muñoz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica G Piazza
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Burghi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge F Giani
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina S Martinez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nadia S Cicconi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nadia V Muia
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yimin Fang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ana I Sotelo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrzej Bartke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Patricia A Pennisi
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas 'Dr. César Bergadá' (CEDIE) CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando P Dominici
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Johanna G Miquet
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Arlien-Søborg MC, Dal J, Madsen MA, Høgild ML, Hjelholt AJ, Pedersen SB, Møller N, Jessen N, Jørgensen JOL. Reversible insulin resistance in muscle and fat unrelated to the metabolic syndrome in patients with acromegaly. EBioMedicine 2021; 75:103763. [PMID: 34929488 PMCID: PMC8688588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with active acromegaly exhibit insulin resistance despite a lean phenotype whereas controlled disease improves insulin sensitivity and increases fat mass. The mechanisms underlying this paradox remain elusive, but growth hormone (GH)-induced lipolysis plays a central role. The aim of the study was to investigative the molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance dissociated from obesity in patients with acromegaly. METHODS In a prospective study, twenty-one patients with newly diagnosed acromegaly were studied at diagnosis and after disease control obtained by either surgery alone (n=10) or somatostatin analogue (SA) treatment (n=11) with assessment of body composition (DXA scan), whole body and tissue-specific insulin sensitivity and GH and insulin signalling in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. FINDINGS Disease control of acromegaly significantly reduced lean body mass (p<0.001) and increased fat mass (p<0.001). At diagnosis, GH signalling (pSTAT5) was constitutively activated in fat and enhanced expression of GH-regulated genes (CISH and IGF-I) were detected in muscle and fat. Insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue increased after disease control regardless of treatment modality. This was associated with enhanced insulin signalling in both muscle and fat including downregulation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) together with reduced signalling of GH and lipolytic activators in fat. INTERPRETATION In conclusion, the study support that uncontrolled lipolysis is a major feature of insulin resistance in active acromegaly, and is characterized by upregulation of PTEN and suppression of insulin signalling in both muscle and fat. FUNDING This work was supported by a grant from the Independent Research Fund, Denmark (7016-00303A) and from the Alfred Benzon Foundation, Denmark.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mai C Arlien-Søborg
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
| | - Jakob Dal
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Centre North, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Michael Alle Madsen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Morten Lyng Høgild
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Astrid Johannesson Hjelholt
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Niels Møller
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Steno Diabetes Centre, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Jens O L Jørgensen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Khaire SS, Gada JV, Varthakavi PK, Bhagwat NM. Prevalence and predictors of abnormal glucose tolerance and its resolution in acromegaly: Single Centre retrospective study of 90 cases. Growth Horm IGF Res 2021; 59:101394. [PMID: 33984540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Aims The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and predictors of abnormal glucose tolerance (Diabetes + Prediabetes) and its resolution in Acromegaly. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Retrospective observational study. METHODS AND MATERIAL Ninety patients with acromegaly and followed up post operatively for 1 year were included. The study cohort was divided into two groups: Group A: abnormal glucose tolerance [AGT: Diabetes + prediabetes (n = 40)] and Group B: normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (n = 50).The impact of the following parameters: age, sex, Waist Circumference(WC), Body Mass Index (BMI), duration of acromegaly, Growth Hormone (GH) levels, Insulin like Growth Factor 1 (IGF1) levels, pituitary tumour size, hypertension, and family history of diabetes as predictors for diabetes were studied pre surgery and post-surgery at 3 months and 1 year affecting glycaemia. Unpaired t-test, chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of AGT in our cohort was 44.44% (Diabetes 37.77%, prediabetes 6.66%).Patients with AGT were older (44.2 ± 12.21 years vs. 34.92 ± 11.62 years; p = 0.00040) and had higher WC (in cm) (91.35 ± 7.87 vs.87.12 ± 6.07; p = 0.005) than NGT. Hypertension and family history of diabetes were significantly more frequent in patients with AGT. GH and IGF1 levels were not significantly different between the groups. On binary logistic regression, Sex (p = 0.0105) (OR = 6.0985), waist circumference (p = 0.0023) (OR = 1.2276) and hypertension (p = 0.0236) (OR = 1.632) were found to be significant predictors of AGT in acromegaly. After surgery 42.5% and 62.5% patients became normoglycemic at 3 months and 1 year respectively. On binary logistic regression there were no predictors for achieving normoglycemia at 3 months or 1 year, however the delta change in GH, BMI and tumour size were significant. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of AGT was 44.44%. Female sex, WC and hypertension were found to be significant predictors of AGT in acromegaly. Post-surgery normoglycemia was achieved in 42.5% at 3 months and 62.5% at 1 year with no predictors for normalisation of AGT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suhas S Khaire
- Department of Endocrinology, Bai Yamunabai Laxman (BYL) Nair Charitable Hospital and Topiwala National Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jugal V Gada
- Department of Endocrinology, Bai Yamunabai Laxman (BYL) Nair Charitable Hospital and Topiwala National Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Premlata K Varthakavi
- Department of Endocrinology, Bai Yamunabai Laxman (BYL) Nair Charitable Hospital and Topiwala National Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nikhil M Bhagwat
- Department of Endocrinology, Bai Yamunabai Laxman (BYL) Nair Charitable Hospital and Topiwala National Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Esclarin-Ruz A, Rodríguez-Carrión I, Ceruelo-Abajo S, Palazón-Garcia R, Ayuga-Loro F, Carrasco-Lopez C, Alcobendas-Maestro M, Casado-Lopez RM, Talavera-Diaz F, Soto-León V, Campolo M, Romero-Ganuza FJ, Florensa-Vila J, Garcia-Marco D, Rotondi M, Oliviero A. Phase II/III placebo-controlled randomized trial of safety and efficacy of growth hormone treatment in incomplete chronic traumatic spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2021; 59:917-924. [PMID: 34226654 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-021-00662-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN This is a double blind phase II/III placebo-controlled randomized trial of the safety and efficacy of GH treatment in incomplete chronic traumatic spinal cord injury. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility to use exogenous GH administration for motor recovery in chronic traumatic incomplete human SCI. The objectives were to establish safety and efficacy of a combined treatment of subcutaneous GH (or placebo) and rehabilitation in this population. SETTING Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos METHODS: The pharmacological treatment was a subcutaneous daily dose of growth hormone (GH, Genotonorm 0.4 mg, Pfizer Pharmaceuticals) or placebo for one year. The pharmacological treatment was performed, during the first six months under hospitalization and supervised rehabilitation. RESULTS The main findings were that the combined treatment of GH plus rehabilitation treatment is feasible and safe, and that GH but not placebo increases the ISNCSCI motor score. On the other hand, the motor-score increment was marginal (after one-year combined treatment, the mean increment of the motor-score was around 2.5 points). Moreover, we found that intensive and long-lasting rehabilitation program per se increases the functional outcome of SCI individuals (measured using SCIM III and WISCI II). CONCLUSIONS It is important to highlight that our aim was to propose GH as a possible treatment to improve motor functions in incomplete SCI individuals. At least with the doses we used, we think that the therapeutic effects of this approach are not clinically relevant in most subjects with SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Esclarin-Ruz
- Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Silvia Ceruelo-Abajo
- Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Ramiro Palazón-Garcia
- Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | | | | | - Monica Alcobendas-Maestro
- Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Rosa M Casado-Lopez
- Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Francisco Talavera-Diaz
- Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Vanesa Soto-León
- FENNSI group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Michela Campolo
- FENNSI group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Jose Florensa-Vila
- Radiology Department, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Mario Rotondi
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS-Maugeri I.R.C.C.S., Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Oliviero
- FENNSI group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pöppl ÁG, Valle SC, Mottin TS, Leal JS, González FHD, Kucharski LC, Da Silva RSM. Pyometra-associated insulin resistance assessment by insulin binding assay and tyrosine kinase activity evaluation in canine muscle tissue. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2021; 76:106626. [PMID: 33866106 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2021.106626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Diestrus is associated with insulin resistance in bitches and pyometra can further impair insulin sensitivity. This study aimed to compare insulin sensitivity, insulin binding, and tyrosine kinase activity in bitches in anestrus, diestrus, or with pyometra. Patients submitted to elective ovariohysterectomy were divided into anestrus (n = 11) or diestrus (n = 13) according to reproductive history, vaginal cytology, and uterine histology. The group pyometra (n = 8) included bitches diagnosed with the disease based on clinical presentation and abdominal ultrasound findings and further confirmed by uterine histopathology. All patients were submitted to an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) before ovariohysterectomy, and rectus abdominis muscle samples were collected during surgery for plasmatic membrane suspension preparation. Muscle-membranes were submitted to cold saturation insulin binding assay for dissociation constant (Kd) and maximum binding capacity (Bmax) determination, as well as exogenous substrate Poly (Glu: Tyr 4:1) phosphorylation assay for basal tyrosine kinase evaluation. Bitches with pyometra showed higher basal insulin (P < 0.001) and higher area under the curve (AUC) for insulin (P = 0.01) and glucose (P < 0.001) response during the IVGTT in comparison with bitches in anestrus or diestrus. Diestrus (P < 0.0001) and pyometra (P = 0.001) were associated with reduced tyrosine kinase activity in comparison with anestrus. No differences were documented in Kd and Bmax results for the low-affinity/high-capacity insulin receptors; however, high-affinity/low-capacity insulin receptors showed higher Kd and Bmax results in bitches in diestrus or with pyometra (P < 0.05) in comparison with anestrus. Despite the pyometra group showed the highest Kd values (P < 0.01), its Bmax results did not differ from the diestrus group (P > 0.05). Diestrus' higher Kd values and reduced tyrosine kinase activity in muscle tissue were compensated by increased total insulin binding capacity. Absent differences in IVGTT results between diestrus and anestrus bitches corroborate this finding. However, in bitches with pyometra, the highest Kd values were not compensated by increased total insulin binding capacity. This finding was associated with insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in IVGTT results. Moreover, pyometra resolution restored insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. These features can play a key role in pyometra-associated CDM, as well as in diabetic remission after pyometra resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Á G Pöppl
- Laboratório de Metabolismo e Endocrinologia Comparada, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Sarmento Leite 500, Porto Alegre - RS, Brazil. CEP: 90050-170; Departamento de Medicina Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre - RS, Brazil. CEP: 91540-000; Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre - RS, Brazil. CEP: 91540-000.
| | - S C Valle
- Laboratório de Metabolismo e Endocrinologia Comparada, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Sarmento Leite 500, Porto Alegre - RS, Brazil. CEP: 90050-170
| | - T S Mottin
- Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre - RS, Brazil. CEP: 91540-000
| | - J S Leal
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre - RS, Brazil. CEP: 91540-000
| | - F H D González
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre - RS, Brazil. CEP: 91540-000
| | - L C Kucharski
- Laboratório de Metabolismo e Endocrinologia Comparada, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Sarmento Leite 500, Porto Alegre - RS, Brazil. CEP: 90050-170
| | - R S M Da Silva
- Laboratório de Metabolismo e Endocrinologia Comparada, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Sarmento Leite 500, Porto Alegre - RS, Brazil. CEP: 90050-170
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Duran-Ortiz S, Corbin KL, Jahan I, Whitticar NB, Morris SE, Bartholomew AN, Slepchenko KG, West HL, Max Harry IM, List EO, Kopchick JJ, Nunemaker CS. Loss of growth hormone signaling in the mouse germline or in adulthood reduces islet mass and alters islet function with notable sex differences. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E1158-E1172. [PMID: 33938235 PMCID: PMC8285598 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00075.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In the endocrine pancreas, growth hormone (GH) is known to promote pancreatic islet growth and insulin secretion. In this study, we show that GH receptor (GHR) loss in the germline and in adulthood impacts islet mass in general but more profoundly in male mice. GHR knockout (GHRKO) mice have enhanced insulin sensitivity and low circulating insulin. We show that the total cross-sectional area of isolated islets (estimated islet mass) was reduced by 72% in male but by only 29% in female GHRKO mice compared with wild-type controls. Also, islets from GHRKO mice secreted ∼50% less glucose-stimulated insulin compared with size-matched islets from wild-type mice. We next used mice with a floxed Ghr gene to knock down the GHR in adult mice at 6 mo of age (6mGHRKO) and examined the impact on glucose and islet metabolism. By 12 mo of age, female 6mGHRKO mice had increased body fat and reduced islet mass but had no change in glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity. However, male 6mGHRKO mice had nearly twice as much body fat, substantially reduced islet mass, and enhanced insulin sensitivity, but no change in glucose tolerance. Despite large losses in islet mass, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from isolated islets was not significantly different between male 6mGHRKO and controls, whereas isolated islets from female 6mGHRKO mice showed increased glucose-stimulated insulin release. Our findings demonstrate the importance of GH to islet mass throughout life and that unique sex-specific adaptations to the loss of GH signaling allow mice to maintain normal glucose metabolism.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Growth hormone (GH) is important for more than just growth. GH helps to maintain pancreatic islet mass and insulin secretion throughout life. Sex-specific adaptations to the loss of GH signaling allow mice to maintain normal glucose regulation despite losing islet mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Duran-Ortiz
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | - Kathryn L Corbin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | - Ishrat Jahan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | - Nicholas B Whitticar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | - Sarah E Morris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | - Ania N Bartholomew
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | - Kira G Slepchenko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | - Hannah L West
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | - Ibiagbani Mercy Max Harry
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | - Edward O List
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
- Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | - Craig S Nunemaker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
- Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Domené S, Domené HM. The role of acid-labile subunit (ALS) in the modulation of GH-IGF-I action. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:111006. [PMID: 32861700 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acid-labile subunit (ALS) deficiency (ACLSD) constitutes the first monogenic defect involving a member of the Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) binding protein system. The lack of ALS completely disrupts the circulating IGF system. Autocrine/paracrine action of local produced IGF-I could explain the mild effect on growth. In the present work we have revised the more relevant clinical and biochemical consequences of complete ACLSD in 61 reported subjects from 31 families. Low birth weight and/or length, reduced head circumference, height between -2 and -3 SD, pubertal delay and insulin resistance are commonly observed. Partial ACLSD could be present in children initially labeled as idiopathic short stature, presenting low IGF-I levels, suggesting that one functional IGFALS allele is insufficient to stabilize ternary complexes. Dysfunction of the GH-IGF axis observed in ACLSD may eventually result in increased risk for type-2 diabetes and tumor progression. Consequently, long term surveillance is recommended in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Domené
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas 'Dr César Bergadá', (CEDIE) CONICET, FEI, División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Horacio M Domené
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas 'Dr César Bergadá', (CEDIE) CONICET, FEI, División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Martínez-Moreno CG, Arámburo C. Growth hormone (GH) and synaptogenesis. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2020; 114:91-123. [PMID: 32723552 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) is known to exert several roles during development and function of the nervous system. Initially, GH was exclusively considered a pituitary hormone that regulates body growth and metabolism, but now its alternative extrapituitary production and pleiotropic functions are widely accepted. Through excess and deficit models, the critical role of GH in nervous system development and adult brain function has been extensively demonstrated. Moreover, neurotrophic actions of GH in neural tissues include pro-survival effects, neuroprotection, axonal growth, synaptogenesis, neurogenesis and neuroregeneration. The positive effects of GH upon memory, behavior, mood, sensorimotor function and quality of life, clearly implicate a beneficial action in synaptic physiology. Experimental and clinical evidence about GH actions in synaptic function modulation, protection and restoration are revised in this chapter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos G Martínez-Moreno
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - Carlos Arámburo
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Martín‐Rodríguez JF, Ramos‐Herrero VD, Parras GG, Flores‐Martínez Á, Madrazo‐Atutxa A, Cano DA, Gruart A, Delgado‐García JM, Leal‐Cerro A, Leal‐Campanario R. Chronic adult-onset of growth hormone/IGF-I hypersecretion improves cognitive functions and LTP and promotes neuronal differentiation in adult rats. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 229:e13293. [PMID: 31059193 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM Besides their metabolic and endocrine functions, the growth hormone (GH) and its mediated factor, the insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), have been implicated in different brain functions, including neurogenesis. Long-lasting elevated GH and IGF-I levels result in non-reversible somatic, endocrine and metabolic morbidities. However, the subcutaneous implantation of the GH-secreting (GH-S) GC cell line in rats leads to the controllable over-secretion of GH and elevated IGF-I levels, allowing the experimental study of their short-term effects on brain functions. METHODS Adult rats were implanted with GC cells and checked 10 weeks later, when a GH/IGF-I-secreting tumour was already formed. RESULTS Tumour-bearing rats acquired different operant conditioning tasks faster and better than controls and tumour-resected groups. They also presented better retentions of long-term memories in the passive avoidance test. Experimentally evoked long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus was also larger and longer lasting in the tumour bearing than in the other groups. Chronic adult-onset of GH/IGF-I hypersecretion caused an acceleration of early progenitors, facilitating a faster neural differentiation, maturation and integration in the dentate gyrus, and increased the complexity of dendritic arbours and spine density of granule neurons. CONCLUSION Thus, adult-onset hypersecretion of GH/IGF-I improves neurocognitive functions, long-term memories, experimental LTP and neural differentiation, migration and maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Francisco Martín‐Rodríguez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS) Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla Seville Spain
| | - Víctor Darío Ramos‐Herrero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS) Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla Seville Spain
- Division of Neurosciences Pablo de Olavide University Seville Spain
| | - Gloria G. Parras
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS) Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla Seville Spain
- Division of Neurosciences Pablo de Olavide University Seville Spain
| | - Álvaro Flores‐Martínez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS) Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla Seville Spain
| | - Ainara Madrazo‐Atutxa
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS) Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla Seville Spain
| | - David A. Cano
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS) Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla Seville Spain
| | - Agnès Gruart
- Division of Neurosciences Pablo de Olavide University Seville Spain
| | | | - Alfonso Leal‐Cerro
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS) Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla Seville Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Janssen JAMJL. Mechanisms of putative IGF-I receptor resistance in active acromegaly. Growth Horm IGF Res 2020; 52:101319. [PMID: 32339897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2020.101319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acromegaly is a disease characterized by overproduction of growth hormone (GH). As a consequence of excessive GH secretion, circulating insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is elevated in active (untreated) acromegaly. IGF-I is often used as a marker of disease activity and growth hormone status in acromegaly. Although IGF-I can directly improve insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake in muscles, the excessive GH secretion in active acromegaly frequently leads to insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and even diabetes. In this review evidence will be discussed that in active acromegaly chronically elevated IGF-I, insulin and soluble Klotho (S-Klotho) levels play a pathophysiological role in the development of IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) resistance. It is postulated that as soon as circulating IGF-I, insulin and S-Klotho rise above a certain level the IGF-IR becomes relatively resistant to actions of IGF-I. The development of a degree of IGF-IR resistance for metabolic actions may help to explain why in active acromegaly diabetogenic effects of GH predominate and are not completely counteracted and neutralized by elevated circulating levels of IGF-I. Further studies are necessary in order to support this hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A M J L Janssen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kopchick JJ, Berryman DE, Puri V, Lee KY, Jorgensen JOL. The effects of growth hormone on adipose tissue: old observations, new mechanisms. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020; 16:135-146. [PMID: 31780780 PMCID: PMC7180987 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-019-0280-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The ability of growth hormone (GH) to induce adipose tissue lipolysis has been known for over five decades; however, the molecular mechanisms that mediate this effect and the ability of GH to inhibit insulin-stimulated glucose uptake have scarcely been documented. In this same time frame, our understanding of adipose tissue has evolved to reveal a complex structure with distinct types of adipocyte, depot-specific differences, a biologically significant extracellular matrix and important endocrine properties mediated by adipokines. All these aforementioned features, in turn, can influence lipolysis. In this Review, we provide a historical and current overview of the lipolytic effect of GH in humans, mice and cultured cells. More globally, we explain lipolysis in terms of GH-induced intracellular signalling and its effect on obesity, insulin resistance and lipotoxicity. In this regard, findings that define molecular mechanisms by which GH induces lipolysis are described. Finally, data are presented for the differential effect of GH on specific adipose tissue depots and on distinct classes of metabolically active adipocytes. Together, these cellular, animal and human studies reveal novel cellular phenotypes and molecular pathways regulating the metabolic effects of GH on adipose tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, USA.
| | - Darlene E Berryman
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Vishwajeet Puri
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Kevin Y Lee
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Jens O L Jorgensen
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Insulin signaling pathway and related molecules: Role in neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Int 2020; 135:104707. [PMID: 32092326 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Its major pathological hallmarks, neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), and amyloid-β plaques can result from dysfunctional insulin signaling. Insulin is an important growth factor that regulates cell growth, energy utilization, mitochondrial function, autophagy, oxidative stress, synaptic plasticity, and cognitive function. Insulin and its downstream signaling molecules are located majorly in the regions of cortex and hippocampus. The major molecules involved in impaired insulin signaling include IRS, PI3K, Akt, and GSK-3β. Activation or inactivation of these major molecules through increased or decreased phosphorylation plays a role in insulin signaling abnormalities or insulin resistance. Insulin resistance, therefore, is considered as a major culprit in generating the hallmarks of AD arising from neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, etc. Moreover, caspases, Nrf2, and NF-κB influence this pathway in an indirect way. Various studies also suggest a strong link between Diabetes Mellitus and AD due to the impairment of insulin signaling pathway. Moreover, studies also depict a strong correlation of other neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease with insulin resistance. Hence this review will provide an insight into the role of insulin signaling pathway and related molecules as therapeutic targets in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
18
|
Dunger D, Darendeliler F, Kandemir N, Harris M, Rabbani A, Kappelgaard AM. What is the evidence for beneficial effects of growth hormone treatment beyond height in short children born small for gestational age? A review of published literature. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2020; 33:53-70. [PMID: 31860471 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2019-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background An increasing body of evidence supports the view that both an adverse intrauterine milieu and rapid postnatal weight gain in children born small for gestational age (SGA) contribute towards the risk for the development of chronic diseases in adult life. Content The aim of this review was to identify and summarize the published evidence on metabolic and cardiovascular risk, as well as risk of impaired cardiac function, intellectual capacity, quality of life, pubertal development and bone strength among children born SGA. The review will then address whether growth hormone (GH) therapy, commonly prescribed to reduce the height deficit in children born SGA who do not catch up in height, increases or decreases these risks over time. Summary Overall, there are limited data in support of a modest beneficial effect of GH therapy on the adverse metabolic and cardiovascular risk observed in short children born SGA. Evidence to support a positive effect of GH on bone strength and psychosocial outcomes is less convincing. Outlook Further evaluation into the clinical relevance of any potential long-term benefits of GH therapy on metabolic and cardiovascular endpoints is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Dunger
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 116, Level 8, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.,The Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Feyza Darendeliler
- Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nurgun Kandemir
- İhsan Doğramacı Children's Hospital, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mark Harris
- Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ali Rabbani
- Growth and Development Research Center, Children's Medical Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Non‑toxic sulfur enhances growth hormone signaling through the JAK2/STAT5b/IGF‑1 pathway in C2C12 cells. Int J Mol Med 2019; 45:931-938. [PMID: 31894268 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin‑like growth factor‑1 (IGF‑1) regulates cell growth, glucose uptake and protein metabolism, and is required for growth hormone (GH) signaling‑mediated insulin production and secretion. IGF1 expression is associated with STAT5, which binds to a region (TTCNNNGAA) of the gene. Although sulfur is used in various fields, the toxicity of this element is a significant disadvantage as it causes indigestion, vomiting, diarrhea, pain and migraine. Therefore, it is difficult to conduct in vitro experiments to directly determine the effects of dietary sulfur. Additionally, it is difficult to dissolve non‑toxic sulfur (NTS). The present study aimed to identify the role of NTS in GH signaling as a Jak2/STAT5b/IGF‑1 pathway regulator. MTT assay was used to identify an optimum NTS concentration for C2C12 mouse muscle cells. Western blotting, RT‑PCR, chromatin immunoprecipitation, overexpression and small interfering RNA analyses were performed. NTS was dissolved in 1 mg/ml DMSO and could be used in vitro. Therefore, the present study determined whether NTS induced mouse muscle cell growth via GH signaling. NTS notably increased STAT5b binding to the Igf1 promoter. NTS also promoted GH signaling by upregulating GH receptor expression, similar to GH treatment. NTS enhanced GH signaling by regulating Jak2/STAT5b/IGF‑1 signaling pathway factor expression in C2C12 mouse muscle cells. Thus, NTS may be used as a GH‑enhancing growth stimulator.
Collapse
|
20
|
Kruse CPS, Cottrill DA, Kopchick JJ. Could calgranulins and advanced glycated end products potentiate acromegaly pathophysiology? Growth Horm IGF Res 2019; 46-47:1-4. [PMID: 31071497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) exerts a diverse set of effects across many tissues including fat, muscle, bone, kidney, heart, and liver. GH is also a diabetogenic hormone in that it inhibits the actions of insulin. Acromegaly, a condition traditionally characterized by increased levels of growth hormone secretion as a result of pituitary adenoma, results in increased tissue growth, lipolysis, and can result in patients with hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. While current treatment modalities have greatly improved prognoses for most patients, a significant number present clinical symptoms of acromegaly with elevated levels of IGF-1 in the absence of increased GH levels, a phenomenon known as micromegaly. This condition presents a challenge to most currently used treatments since the high circulating IGF-1 levels are independent of elevated levels of GH. It has been previously shown that advanced glycation end products (AGE) can stimulate IGF-1 secretion by human monocytes in vitro, demonstrating a possible mechanism for increased IGF-1 levels. To further investigate AGE/GH/IGF-1 interaction, we have reanalyzed a publicly available RNAseq dataset from subcutaneous adipose tissue of patients with acromegaly. S100A1, a member of the calgranulin family of proteins and ligand of the AGE receptor, was shown to be significantly upregulated in patients with acromegaly. These findings identify an important consideration that may help explain the counterintuitive nature of micromegaly, while simultaneously providing new insight into the role of GH in diabetic, inflammatory, and immune pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colin P S Kruse
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Konneker Research Center, 172 Water Tower Dr., Athens, OH 45701, United States of America; Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, 317A Porter Hall, Athens, OH 45701, United States of America
| | - David A Cottrill
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Konneker Research Center, 172 Water Tower Dr., Athens, OH 45701, United States of America; Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, 317A Porter Hall, Athens, OH 45701, United States of America; Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, 107 Irvine Hall, Athens, OH 45701, United States of America
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Konneker Research Center, 172 Water Tower Dr., Athens, OH 45701, United States of America; Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, 317A Porter Hall, Athens, OH 45701, United States of America; Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, 107 Irvine Hall, Athens, OH 45701, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, 204 Ohio University, Grosvenor Hall, Athens, OH 45701, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chiarini F, Evangelisti C, Lattanzi G, McCubrey JA, Martelli AM. Advances in understanding the mechanisms of evasive and innate resistance to mTOR inhibition in cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:1322-1337. [PMID: 30928610 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of drug-resistance by neoplastic cells is recognized as a major cause of targeted therapy failure and disease progression. The mechanistic (previously mammalian) target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a highly conserved Ser/Thr kinase that acts as the catalytic subunit of two structurally and functionally distinct large multiprotein complexes, referred to as mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2. Both mTORC1 and mTORC2 play key roles in a variety of healthy cell types/tissues by regulating physiological anabolic and catabolic processes in response to external cues. However, a body of evidence identified aberrant activation of mTOR signaling as a common event in many human tumors. Therefore, mTOR is an attractive target for therapeutic targeting in cancer and this fact has driven the development of numerous mTOR inhibitors, several of which have progressed to clinical trials. Nevertheless, mTOR inhibitors have met with a very limited success as anticancer therapeutics. Among other reasons, this failure was initially ascribed to the activation of several compensatory signaling pathways that dampen the efficacy of mTOR inhibitors. The discovery of these regulatory feedback mechanisms greatly contributed to a better understanding of cancer cell resistance to mTOR targeting agents. However, over the last few years, other mechanisms of resistance have emerged, including epigenetic alterations, compensatory metabolism rewiring and the occurrence of mTOR mutations. In this article, we provide the reader with an updated overview of the mechanisms that could explain resistance of cancer cells to the various classes of mTOR inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Chiarini
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Camilla Evangelisti
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lattanzi
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, BO, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Forrest L, Sedmak C, Sikder S, Grewal S, Harman SM, Blackman MR, Muniyappa R. Effects of growth hormone on hepatic insulin sensitivity and glucose effectiveness in healthy older adults. Endocrine 2019; 63:497-506. [PMID: 30617738 PMCID: PMC6420854 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-01834-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Growth hormone (GH) replacement decreases insulin sensitivity in healthy individuals. However, the effects of GH on organ-specific insulin sensitivity and glucose effectiveness are not well characterized. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of GH administration for 26 weeks on muscle and hepatic insulin sensitivity and glucose effectiveness in healthy older individuals. METHODS This report is from a 26-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel-group trial in healthy, ambulatory, community-dwelling older women and men. We compared surrogate indices of insulin sensitivity [quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI), muscle insulin sensitivity index (MISI), hepatic insulin resistance index (HIRI)] and glucose effectiveness [oral glucose effectiveness index (oGE)] derived from oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) in subjects before and after 26 weeks of administration of GH (n = 17) or placebo (n = 15) as an exploratory outcome. RESULTS GH administration for 26 weeks significantly increased fasting insulin concentrations and HIRI but did not significantly change MISI or oGE compared to placebo. CONCLUSIONS GH administration for 26 weeks in healthy older subjects impairs insulin sensitivity in the liver but not skeletal muscle and does not alter glucose effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lala Forrest
- Clinical Endocrine Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Caroline Sedmak
- Clinical Endocrine Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shanaz Sikder
- Clinical Endocrine Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shivraj Grewal
- Clinical Endocrine Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S Mitchell Harman
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Medicine, Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Marc R Blackman
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
- Department of Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Ranganath Muniyappa
- Clinical Endocrine Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Høgild ML, Bak AM, Pedersen SB, Rungby J, Frystyk J, Møller N, Jessen N, Jørgensen JOL. Growth hormone signaling and action in obese versus lean human subjects. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E333-E344. [PMID: 30576246 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00431.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) levels are blunted in obesity, but it is not known whether this relates to altered GH sensitivity and whether this influences the metabolic adaptation to fasting. Therefore, we investigated the effect of obesity on GH signal transduction and fasting-induced changes in GH action. Nine obese (BMI 35.7 kg/m2) and nine lean (BMI 21.5 kg/m2) men were studied in a randomized crossover design with 1) an intravenous GH bolus, 2) an intravenous saline bolus, and 3) 72 h of fasting. Insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp) and substrate metabolism (glucose tracer and indirect calorimetry) were measured in studies 1 and 2. In vivo GH signaling was assessed in muscle and fat biopsies. GH pharmacokinetics did not differ between obese and lean subjects, but endogenous GH levels were reduced in obesity. GH signaling (STAT5b phosphorylation and CISH mRNA transcription), and GH action (induction of lipolysis and peripheral insulin resistance) were similar in the two groups, but a GH-induced insulin antagonistic effect on endogenous glucose production only occurred in the obese. Fasting-induced IGF-I reduction was completely abrogated in obese subjects despite a comparable relative increase in GH levels (ΔIGF-I: lean, -66 ± 10 vs. obese, 27 ± 16 µg/l; P < 0.01; ΔGH: lean, 647 ± 280 vs. obese, 544 ± 220%; P = 0.76]. We conclude that 1) GH signaling is normal in obesity, 2) in the obese state, the preservation of IGF-I with fasting and the augmented GH-induced central insulin resistance indicate increased hepatic GH sensitivity, 3) blunted GH levels in obesity may protect against insulin resistance without compromising IGF-I status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morten Lyng Høgild
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital , Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , Denmark
| | - Ann Mosegaard Bak
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital , Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , Denmark
| | - Steen Bønløkke Pedersen
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital , Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , Denmark
| | - Jørgen Rungby
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University , Denmark
| | - Jan Frystyk
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital , Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , Denmark
| | - Niels Møller
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital , Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University , Denmark
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital , Denmark
| | - Jens O L Jørgensen
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital , Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Vila G, Jørgensen JOL, Luger A, Stalla GK. Insulin Resistance in Patients With Acromegaly. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:509. [PMID: 31417493 PMCID: PMC6683662 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acromegaly is characterized by chronic overproduction of growth hormone (GH) that leads to insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and, ultimately, diabetes. The GH-induced sustained stimulation of lipolysis plays a major role not only in the development of insulin resistance and prediabetes/diabetes, but also in the reduction of lipid accumulation, making acromegaly a unique case of severe insulin resistance in the presence of reduced body fat. In the present review, we elucidate the effects of GH hypersecretion on metabolic organs, describing the pathophysiology of impaired glucose tolerance in acromegaly, as well as the impact of acromegaly-specific therapies on glucose metabolism. In addition, we highlight the role of insulin resistance in the development of acromegaly-associated complications such as hypertension, cardiac disease, sleep apnea, polycystic ovaries, bone disease, and cancer. Taken together, insulin resistance is an important metabolic hallmark of acromegaly, which is strongly related to disease activity, the development of comorbidities, and might even impact the response to drugs used in the treatment of acromegaly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greisa Vila
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jens Otto L. Jørgensen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anton Luger
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Günter K. Stalla
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Günter K. Stalla ;
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sharma R, Luong Q, Sharma VM, Harberson M, Harper B, Colborn A, Berryman DE, Jessen N, Jørgensen JOL, Kopchick JJ, Puri V, Lee KY. Growth hormone controls lipolysis by regulation of FSP27 expression. J Endocrinol 2018; 239:289-301. [PMID: 30400015 PMCID: PMC6226059 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) has long been known to stimulate lipolysis and insulin resistance; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are unknown. In the present study, we demonstrate that GH acutely induces lipolysis in cultured adipocytes. This effect is secondary to the reduced expression of a negative regulator of lipolysis, fat-specific protein 27 (FSP27; aka Cidec) at both the mRNA and protein levels. These effects are mimicked in vivo as transgenic overexpression of GH leads to a reduction of FSP27 expression. Mechanistically, we show GH modulation of FSP27 expression is mediated through activation of both MEK/ERK- and STAT5-dependent intracellular signaling. These two molecular pathways interact to differentially manipulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activity (PPARγ) on the FSP27 promoter. Furthermore, overexpression of FSP27 is sufficient to fully suppress GH-induced lipolysis and insulin resistance in cultured adipocytes. Taken together, these data decipher a molecular mechanism by which GH acutely regulates lipolysis and insulin resistance in adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH
| | - Quyen Luong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH
| | - Vishva M. Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH
| | - Mitchell Harberson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH
| | - Brian Harper
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH
| | - Andrew Colborn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH
| | - Darlene E. Berryman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH
| | - Niels Jessen
- Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Jens Otto Lunde Jørgensen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Medical Research Laboratory, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - John J. Kopchick
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH
| | - Vishwajeet Puri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH
| | - Kevin Y. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Napso T, Yong HEJ, Lopez-Tello J, Sferruzzi-Perri AN. The Role of Placental Hormones in Mediating Maternal Adaptations to Support Pregnancy and Lactation. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1091. [PMID: 30174608 PMCID: PMC6108594 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, the mother must adapt her body systems to support nutrient and oxygen supply for growth of the baby in utero and during the subsequent lactation. These include changes in the cardiovascular, pulmonary, immune and metabolic systems of the mother. Failure to appropriately adjust maternal physiology to the pregnant state may result in pregnancy complications, including gestational diabetes and abnormal birth weight, which can further lead to a range of medically significant complications for the mother and baby. The placenta, which forms the functional interface separating the maternal and fetal circulations, is important for mediating adaptations in maternal physiology. It secretes a plethora of hormones into the maternal circulation which modulate her physiology and transfers the oxygen and nutrients available to the fetus for growth. Among these placental hormones, the prolactin-growth hormone family, steroids and neuropeptides play critical roles in driving maternal physiological adaptations during pregnancy. This review examines the changes that occur in maternal physiology in response to pregnancy and the significance of placental hormone production in mediating such changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Napso
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah E J Yong
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge Lopez-Tello
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda N Sferruzzi-Perri
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Du S, Shi MJ, Sun ZZ, Li W. Clinical diagnosis for dusk phenomenon of diabetes. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11873. [PMID: 30142783 PMCID: PMC6112941 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The diabetes dusk phenomenon (spontaneous and transient pre-dinner hyperglycemia) anecdotally exists but has not been investigated.A total of 80 diabetic patients that received continuous subcutaneous insulin infusions were retrospectively studied. They were grouped into a routine group (R) (consecutive δDG [dusk blood glucose difference] <0 mmol/L) and a classic dusk phenomenon group (CDP, consecutive δDG≥0 mmol/L). δDG represents differences in blood glucose measurements between pre-dinner and post-lunch (δDG: dusk blood glucose difference). Other patients were placed in a suspicious group (S). The suspicious group was further divided into 3 groups based on the frequency at which the δDG occurred: suspicious 1 group (S1), δDG≥0 mmol/L occurred once only; suspicious 3 group (S3), δDG < 0 mmol/L occurred once only, and the remaining patients were grouped in the suspicious 2 group (S2).We identified the CDP and S3 groups as the "clinical dusk phenomenon" group (CLDP). We confirmed that the S1 and R groups to be in the "clinical routine" group. The S2 group was significantly different from the CDP group. In addition, the S2 group had significant differences in δDG measurements and post-lunch blood glucose values compared with the R group, but no differences in other parameters were seen. Multiple comparisons with the other suspicious groups also showed no statistical difference in many parameters. Thus, we placed these patients into the "suspicious clinical dusk phenomenon" group (SDP). The δDG cut-off for the CLDP group was 1.0167 mmol/L. The pre-dinner-pre-lunch blood glucose cut-off for this group was 2.72 mmol/L. The δDG cut-off for the SDP group was -0.95 mmol/L. The pre-dinner-pre-lunch blood glucose cut-off for this group was 0.87 mmol/L. The cut-off points for the post-dinner-post-lunch blood glucose measurements in the CLDP and SDP groups were both 1.2667 mmol/L.A consecutive δDG≥0 or a once only δDG < 0 could be diagnosed as falling into the CLDP group. The CLDP could be excluded when a consecutive δDG < 0 or a once only δDG≥0 was found. Patients falling into other categories were placed into the SDP group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sina Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Cixi
| | - Min-jia Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Cixi
| | - Zhan-zhan Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Cixi
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Eastern Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
GH/IGF-1 Signaling and Current Knowledge of Epigenetics; a Review and Considerations on Possible Therapeutic Options. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18101624. [PMID: 28981462 PMCID: PMC5666699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18101624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in the regulation of the Growth Hormone- Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (GH-IGF1) axis and in processes for controlling long bone growth, and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Improvement of methodologies that allow for the assessment of epigenetic regulation have contributed enormously to the understanding of GH action, but many questions still remain to be clarified. The reversible nature of epigenetic factors and, particularly, their role as mediators between the genome and the environment, make them viable therapeutic target candidates. Rather than reviewing the molecular and epigenetic pathways regulated by GH action, in this review we have focused on the use of epigenetic modulators as potential drugs to improve the GH response. We first discuss recent progress in the understanding of intracellular molecular mechanisms controlling GH and IGF-I action. We then emphasize current advances in genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that control gene expression, and which support a key role for epigenetic regulation in the cascade of intracellular events that trigger GH action when coupled to its receptor. Thirdly, we focus on fetal programming and epigenetic regulation at the IGF1 locus. We then discuss epigenetic alterations in intrauterine growth retardation, and the possibility for a potential epigenetic pharmaceutical approach in short stature associated with this fetal condition. Lastly, we review an example of epigenetic therapeutics in the context of growth-related epigenetic deregulation disorders. The advance of our understanding of epigenetic changes and the impact they are having on new forms of therapy creates exciting prospects for the future.
Collapse
|
29
|
Pöppl AG, de Carvalho GLC, Vivian IF, Corbellini LG, González FHD. Canine diabetes mellitus risk factors: A matched case-control study. Res Vet Sci 2017; 114:469-473. [PMID: 28802947 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Different subtypes of canine diabetes mellitus (CDM) have been described based on their aetiopathogenesis. Therefore, manifold risk factors may be involved in CDM development. This study aims to investigate canine diabetes mellitus risk factors. Owners of 110 diabetic dogs and 136 healthy controls matched by breed, sex, and age were interviewed concerning aspects related to diet, weight, physical activity, oral health, reproductive history, pancreatitis, and exposure to exogenous glucocorticoids. Two multivariate multivariable statistical models were created: The UMod included males and females without variables related to oestrous cycle, while the FMod included only females with all analysed variables. In the UMod, "Not exclusively commercial diet" (OR 4.86, 95%CI 2.2-10.7, P<0.001) and "Overweight" (OR 3.51, 95%CI 1.6-7.5, P=0.001) were statistically significant, while in the FMod, "Not exclusively commercial diet" (OR 4.14, 95%CI 1.3-12.7, P=0.01), "Table scraps abuse" (OR 3.62, 95%CI 1.1-12.2, P=0.03), "Overweight" (OR 3.91, 95%CI 1.2-12.6, P=0.02), and "Dioestrus" (OR 5.53, 95%CI 1.9-16.3, P=0.002) were statistically significant. The findings in this study support feeding not exclusively balanced commercial dog food, overweight, treats abuse, and diestrus, as main CDM risk factors. Moreover, those results give subside for preventive care studies against CDM development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Gomes Pöppl
- Departamento de Medicina Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Luiz Carvalho de Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias (PPGCV), Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Itatiele Farias Vivian
- Laboratório de Análises Clínicas Veterinárias (LACVet), Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Luis Gustavo Corbellini
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia (EpiLab), Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Félix Hilário Díaz González
- Laboratório de Análises Clínicas Veterinárias (LACVet), Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Aiello A, Accardi G, Candore G, Gambino CM, Mirisola M, Taormina G, Virruso C, Caruso C. Nutrient sensing pathways as therapeutic targets for healthy ageing. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:371-380. [PMID: 28281903 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1294684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the present paper, the authors have discussed anti-aging strategies which aim to slow the aging process and to delay the onset of age-related diseases, focusing on nutrient sensing pathways (NSPs) as therapeutic targets. Indeed, several studies have already demonstrated that both in animal models and humans, dietary interventions might have a positive impact on the aging process through the modulation of these pathways. Areas covered: Achieving healthy aging is the main challenge of the twenty-first century because lifespan is increasing, but not in tandem with good health. The authors have illustrated different approaches that can act on NSPs, modulating the rate of the aging process. Expert opinion: Humanity's lasting dream is to reverse or, at least, postpone aging. In recent years, increasing attention has been devoted to anti-aging therapies. The subject is very popular among the general public, whose imagination runs wild with all the possible tools to delay aging and to gain immortality. Some approaches discussed in the present review should be able to substantially slow down the aging process, extending our productive, youthful lives, without frailty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Aiello
- a Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Giulia Accardi
- a Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- a Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Caterina Maria Gambino
- a Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Mario Mirisola
- b Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Giusi Taormina
- b Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Claudia Virruso
- b Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Calogero Caruso
- a Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
IGF-1 mediated phosphorylation of specific IRS-1 serines in Ames dwarf fibroblasts is associated with longevity. Oncotarget 2016; 6:35315-23. [PMID: 26474286 PMCID: PMC4742107 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin/IGF-1 signaling involves phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of serine/threonine or tyrosine residues of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins and is associated with hormonal control of longevity determination of certain long-lived mice. The stimulation of serine phosphorylations by IGF-1 suggests there is insulin/IGF-1 crosstalk that involves the phosphorylation of the same serine residues. By this mechanism, insulin and IGF-1 mediated phosphorylation of specific IRS-1 serines could play a role in longevity determination. We used fibroblasts from WT and Ames dwarf mice to examine whether: (a) IGF-1 stimulates phosphorylation of IRS-1 serines targeted by insulin; (b) the levels of serine phosphorylation differ in WT vs. Ames fibroblasts; and (c) aging affects the levels of these serine phosphorylations which are altered in the Ames dwarf mutant. We have shown that IRS-1 is a substrate for IGF-1 induced phosphorylation of Ser307, Ser612, Ser636/639, and Ser1101; that the levels of phosphorylation of these serines are significantly lower in Ames vs. WT cells; that IGF-1 mediated phosphorylation of these serines increases with age in WT cells. We propose that insulin/IGF-1 cross talk and level of phosphorylation of specific IRS-1 serines may promote the Ames dwarf longevity phenotype.
Collapse
|
32
|
Liao S, Vickers MH, Evans A, Stanley JL, Baker PN, Perry JK. Comparison of pulsatile vs. continuous administration of human placental growth hormone in female C57BL/6J mice. Endocrine 2016; 54:169-181. [PMID: 27515803 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-1060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous growth hormone has different actions depending on the method of administration. However, the effects of different modes of administration of the placental variant of growth hormone on growth, body composition and glucose metabolism have not been investigated. In this study, we examined the effect of pulsatile vs. continuous administration of recombinant variant of growth hormone in a normal mouse model. Female C57BL/6J mice were randomized to receive vehicle or variant of growth hormone (2 or 5 mg/kg per day) by daily subcutaneous injection (pulsatile) or osmotic pump for 6 days. Pulsatile treatment with 2 and 5 mg/kg per day significantly increased body weight. There was also an increase in liver, kidney and spleen weight via pulsatile treatment, whereas continuous treatment did not affect body weight or organ size. Pulsatile treatment with 5 mg/kg per day significantly increased fasting plasma insulin concentration, whereas with continuous treatment, fasting insulin concentration was not significantly different from the vehicle-treated control. However, a dose-dependent increase in fasting insulin concentration and decrease in insulin sensitivity, as assessed by HOMA, was observed with both modes of treatment. At 5 mg/kg per day, hepatic growth hormone receptor expression was increased compared to vehicle-treated animals, by both modes of administration. Pulsatile variant of growth hormone did not alter the plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 concentration, whereas a slight decrease was observed with continuous variant of growth hormone treatment. Neither pulsatile nor continuous treatment affected hepatic insulin-like growth factor-1 mRNA expression. Our findings suggest that pulsatile variant of growth hormone treatment was more effective in stimulating growth but caused marked hyperinsulinemia in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shutan Liao
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, Auckland, New Zealand
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mark H Vickers
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Angharad Evans
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joanna L Stanley
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Philip N Baker
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jo K Perry
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, Auckland, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pöppl ÁG, Valle SC, González FH, Kucharski LC, Silva RSD. Insulin binding characteristics in canine muscle tissue: effects of the estrous cycle phases. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2016000800014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Abstract: Hormonal fluctuations during the different estrous cycle are a well-recognized cause of insulin resistance in bitches, and little is known about insulin receptor binding or post-binding defects associated with insulin resistance in dogs. To evaluate insulin binding characteristics in muscle tissue of bitches during the estrous cycle, 17 owned bitches were used in the study (six in anestrus, five in estrus, and six in diestrus). An intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed in all patients by means of injection of 1mL/kg of a glucose 50% solution (500mg/kg), with blood sample collection for glucose determination at 0, 3, 5, 7, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after glucose infusion. Muscle samples, taken after spaying surgery, were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and then stored at -80 ºC until the membranes were prepared by sequential centrifugation after being homogenized. For binding studies, membranes were incubated in the presence of 20,000cpm of human 125I-insulin and in increasing concentrations of unlabeled human regular insulin for cold saturation. The IVGTT showed no differences among bitches during the estrous cycle regarding baseline glycemia or glycemic response after glucose infusion. Two insulin binding sites - high-affinity and low-affinity ones - were detected by Scatchard analysis, and significant statistical differences were observed in the dissociation constant (Kd1) and maximum binding capacity (Bmax1) of the high-affinity binding sites. The Kd1 for the anestrus group (6.54±2.77nM/mg of protein) was smaller (P<0.001) than for the estrus (28.54±6.94nM/mg of protein) and diestrus (15.56±3.88nM/mg of protein) groups. Bmax1 in the estrus (0.83±0.42nM/mg of protein) and diestrus (1.24±0.24nM/mg of protein) groups were also higher (P<0.001) than the values observed in anestrus (0.35±0.06nM/mg of protein). These results indicate modulation of insulin binding characteristics during different phases of the estrous cycle in dogs, showing that muscle insulin binding affinity for its receptor is reduced during estrus and diestrus. However, this poor hormone-receptor affinity is compensated for by a greater total binding capacity, once there is no difference in patients' glycemic response after an intravenous glucose load.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Álan G. Pöppl
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Olarescu NC, Bollerslev J. The Impact of Adipose Tissue on Insulin Resistance in Acromegaly. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2016; 27:226-237. [PMID: 26948712 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is recognized as key contributor to the systemic insulin resistance and overt diabetes seen in metabolic syndrome. Acromegaly is a disease characterized by excessive secretion of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). GH is known both for its action on AT and for its detrimental effect on glucose metabolism and insulin signaling. In active acromegaly, while body fat deports are diminished, insulin resistance is increased. Early studies have demonstrated defects in insulin action, both at the hepatic and extrahepatic (i.e., muscle and fat) levels, in active disease. This review discusses recent data suggesting that AT inflammation, altered AT distribution, and impaired adipogenesis are potential mechanisms contributing to systemic insulin resistance in acromegaly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Cristina Olarescu
- Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jens Bollerslev
- Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Liao S, Vickers MH, Stanley JL, Ponnampalam AP, Baker PN, Perry JK. The Placental Variant of Human Growth Hormone Reduces Maternal Insulin Sensitivity in a Dose-Dependent Manner in C57BL/6J Mice. Endocrinology 2016; 157:1175-86. [PMID: 26671184 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The human placental GH variant (GH-V) is secreted continuously from the syncytiotrophoblast layer of the placenta during pregnancy and is thought to play a key role in the maternal adaptation to pregnancy. Maternal GH-V concentrations are closely related to fetal growth in humans. GH-V has also been proposed as a potential candidate to mediate insulin resistance observed later in pregnancy. To determine the effect of maternal GH-V administration on maternal and fetal growth and metabolic outcomes during pregnancy, we examined the dose-response relationship for GH-V administration in a mouse model of normal pregnancy. Pregnant C57BL/6J mice were randomized to receive vehicle or GH-V (0.25, 1, 2, or 5 mg/kg · d) by osmotic pump from gestational days 12.5 to 18.5. Fetal linear growth was slightly reduced in the 5 mg/kg dose compared with vehicle and the 0.25 mg/kg groups, respectively, whereas placental weight was not affected. GH-V treatment did not affect maternal body weights or food intake. However, treatment with 5 mg/kg · d significantly increased maternal fasting plasma insulin concentrations with impaired insulin sensitivity observed at day 18.5 as assessed by homeostasis model assessment. At 5 mg/kg · d, there was also an increase in maternal hepatic GH receptor/binding protein (Ghr/Ghbp) and IGF binding protein 3 (Igfbp3) mRNA levels, but GH-V did not alter maternal plasma IGF-1 concentrations or hepatic Igf-1 mRNA expression. Our findings suggest that at higher doses, GH-V treatment can cause hyperinsulinemia and is a likely mediator of the insulin resistance associated with late pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shutan Liao
- Liggins Institute (S.L., M.H.V., J.L.S., A.P.P., P.N.B., J.K.P.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development (S.L., M.H.V., J.L.S., A.P.P., P.N.B., J.K.P.), Auckland 1142, New Zealand; and The First Affiliated Hospital (S.L.), Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, China
| | - Mark H Vickers
- Liggins Institute (S.L., M.H.V., J.L.S., A.P.P., P.N.B., J.K.P.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development (S.L., M.H.V., J.L.S., A.P.P., P.N.B., J.K.P.), Auckland 1142, New Zealand; and The First Affiliated Hospital (S.L.), Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, China
| | - Joanna L Stanley
- Liggins Institute (S.L., M.H.V., J.L.S., A.P.P., P.N.B., J.K.P.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development (S.L., M.H.V., J.L.S., A.P.P., P.N.B., J.K.P.), Auckland 1142, New Zealand; and The First Affiliated Hospital (S.L.), Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, China
| | - Anna P Ponnampalam
- Liggins Institute (S.L., M.H.V., J.L.S., A.P.P., P.N.B., J.K.P.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development (S.L., M.H.V., J.L.S., A.P.P., P.N.B., J.K.P.), Auckland 1142, New Zealand; and The First Affiliated Hospital (S.L.), Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, China
| | - Philip N Baker
- Liggins Institute (S.L., M.H.V., J.L.S., A.P.P., P.N.B., J.K.P.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development (S.L., M.H.V., J.L.S., A.P.P., P.N.B., J.K.P.), Auckland 1142, New Zealand; and The First Affiliated Hospital (S.L.), Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jo K Perry
- Liggins Institute (S.L., M.H.V., J.L.S., A.P.P., P.N.B., J.K.P.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development (S.L., M.H.V., J.L.S., A.P.P., P.N.B., J.K.P.), Auckland 1142, New Zealand; and The First Affiliated Hospital (S.L.), Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Do A, Menon V, Zhi X, Gesing A, Wiesenborn DS, Spong A, Sun L, Bartke A, Masternak MM. Thyroxine modifies the effects of growth hormone in Ames dwarf mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 7:241-55. [PMID: 25935838 PMCID: PMC4429089 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ames dwarf (df/df) mice lack growth hormone (GH), thyroid stimulating hormone and prolactin. Treatment of juvenile df/df mice with GH alone stimulates somatic growth, reduces insulin sensitivity and shortens lifespan. Early‐life treatment with thyroxine (T4) alone produces modest growth stimulation but does not affect longevity. In this study, we examined the effects of treatment of juvenile Ames dwarf mice with a combination of GH + T4 and compared them to the effects of GH alone. Treatment of female and male dwarfs with GH + T4 between the ages of 2 and 8 weeks rescued somatic growth yet did not reduce lifespan to match normal controls, thus contrasting with the previously reported effects of GH alone. While the male dwarf GH + T4 treatment group had no significant effect on lifespan, the female dwarfs undergoing treatment showed a decrease in maximal longevity. Expression of genes related to GH and insulin signaling in the skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue (WAT) of female dwarfs was differentially affected by treatment with GH + T4 vs. GH alone. Differences in the effects of GH + T4 vs. GH alone on insulin target tissues may contribute to the differential effects of these treatments on longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Do
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Vinal Menon
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Xu Zhi
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA.,Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Adam Gesing
- Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Denise S Wiesenborn
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Saarland, 66421 Homburg, Germany.,Department of Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, 66482 Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Adam Spong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794, USA
| | - Liou Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794, USA
| | - Andrzej Bartke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794, USA
| | - Michal M Masternak
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sumida Y, Yonei Y, Tanaka S, Mori K, Kanemasa K, Imai S, Taketani H, Hara T, Seko Y, Ishiba H, Okajima A, Yamaguchi K, Moriguchi M, Mitsuyoshi H, Yasui K, Minami M, Itoh Y. Lower levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 standard deviation score are associated with histological severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatol Res 2015; 45:771-81. [PMID: 25163357 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Growth hormone (GH) deficiency may be associated with histological progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which includes non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is mainly produced by hepatocytes and its secretion is stimulated by GH. Our aim was to determine whether more histologically advanced NAFLD is associated with low circulating levels of IGF-1 in Japanese patients. METHODS Serum samples were obtained in 199 Japanese patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD and in 2911 sex- and age-matched healthy people undergoing health checkups. The serum levels of IGF-1 were measured using a commercially available immunoradiometric assay. The standard deviation scores (SDS) of IGF-1 according to age and sex were also calculated in NAFLD patients. RESULTS The serum IGF-1 levels in NAFLD patients were significantly lower (median, 112 ng/mL) compared with the control population (median, 121 ng/mL, P < 0.0001). IGF-1 SDS less than -2.0 SD from median were found in 11.6% of 199 patients. NASH patients exhibited significantly lower levels of IGF-1 SDS (n = 130; median, -0.7) compared with NAFL patients (n = 69; median, -0.3; P = 0.026). The IGF-1 SDS values decreased significantly with increasing lobular inflammation (P < 0.001) and fibrosis (P < 0.001). In multiple regressions, the association between the IGF-1 SDS values and the severity of NAFLD persisted after adjusting for age, sex and insulin resistance. CONCLUSION Low levels of circulating IGF-1 may have a role in the development of advanced NAFLD, independent of insulin resistance. Supplementation with GH/IGF-1 may be a candidate for the treatment of NASH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Sumida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Yonei
- Anti-Aging Medical Research Center, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan
| | - Saiyu Tanaka
- Center for Digestive and Liver Diseases, Nara City Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Kojiroh Mori
- Center for Digestive and Liver Diseases, Nara City Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kanemasa
- Center for Digestive and Liver Diseases, Nara City Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Imai
- Department of Pathology, Nara City Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Taketani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tasuku Hara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuya Seko
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishiba
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Okajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kanji Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michihisa Moriguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hironori Mitsuyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kohichiroh Yasui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahito Minami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshito Itoh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Dai Z, Wang H, Jin X, Wang H, He J, Liu M, Yin Z, Sun Y, Lou Q. Depletion of suppressor of cytokine signaling-1a causes hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in zebrafish. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 308:E849-59. [PMID: 25759395 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00540.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling-1a (SOCS1a) is a member of the suppressor of cytokine signaling family, a group of related molecules that mediate the negative regulation of the JAK-STAT pathway. Here, we depleted SOCS1a using the transcription activator-like (TAL) effector nuclease (TALEN) technique to understand its physiological roles in zebrafish. Although elevated levels of JAK-STAT5 activation and erythropoiesis have been observed in socs1a-deficient zebrafish, these animals exhibited normal growth during the early stages. Socs1a-deficient zebrafish began to grow slowly with certain mortalities after 20 days postfertilization (dpf), whereas the heterozygous socs1a-deficient zebrafish exhibited enhanced somatic growth. Decreased adiposity, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance were observed in our socs1a-deficient adult zebrafish, which is similar to the lipodystrophy phenotypes observed in mammals. Comparative transcriptomic analyses revealed elevated levels of gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, and hypoxia-inducible response and decreased activities of lipogenesis and glycolysis in the hepatocytes of socs1a-deflicient adult zebrafish. Evident mitochondrial dysfunction has also been observed in hepatocytes from socs1a-deficient zebrafish. Taken together, our results suggest that the negative regulatory roles of SOCS1a on JAK-STAT5 signaling may be involved in the suppression of the erythropoiesis and growth hormone activities, which was also reflected in the enhanced somatic growth performance observed in the heterozygous socs1a-deficient fish. The differences in the effects caused by SOCS1a depletion on insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory responses between zebrafish and mammalian models observed here may reflect differences between the functional mechanisms of SOCS members in terrestrial mammals and aquatic teleosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziru Dai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and
| | - Hualin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xia Jin
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and
| | - Houpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiangyan He
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and
| | - Mugen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and
| | - Yonghua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiyong Lou
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Becker MA, Haluska P, Bale LK, Oxvig C, Conover CA. A novel neutralizing antibody targeting pregnancy-associated plasma protein-a inhibits ovarian cancer growth and ascites accumulation in patient mouse tumorgrafts. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:973-81. [PMID: 25695953 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The majority of ovarian cancer patients acquire resistance to standard platinum chemotherapy and novel therapies to reduce tumor burden and ascites accumulation are needed. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) plays a key role in promoting insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway activity, which directly correlates to ovarian cancer cell transformation, growth, and invasiveness. Herein, we evaluate PAPP-A expression in tumors and ascites of women with ovarian cancer, and determine the antitumor efficacy of a neutralizing monoclonal PAPP-A antibody (mAb-PA) in ovarian cancer using primary patient ovarian tumorgrafts ("Ovatars"). PAPP-A mRNA expression in patient ovarian tumors correlated with poor outcome and was validated as a prognostic surrogate in Ovatar tumors. Following confirmation of mAb-PA bioavailability and target efficacy in vivo, the antitumor efficacy of mAb-PA in multiple Ovatar tumor models was examined and the response was found to depend on PAPP-A expression. Strikingly, the addition of mAb-PA to standard platinum chemotherapy effectively sensitized platinum-resistant Ovatar tumors. PAPP-A protein in ascites was also assessed in a large cohort of patients and very high levels were evident across the entire sample set. Therefore, we evaluated targeted PAPP-A inhibition as a novel approach to managing ovarian ascites, and found that mAb-PA inhibited the development, attenuated the progression, and induced the regression of Ovatar ascites. Together, these data indicate PAPP-A as a potential palliative and adjunct therapeutic target for women with ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Becker
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Paul Haluska
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Laurie K Bale
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
|
41
|
de Graaff LCG, Clark AJL, Tauber M, Ranke MB, Johnston LB, Caliebe J, Molinas C, Amin N, van Duijn C, Wollmann H, Wallaschofski H, Savage MO, Hokken-Koelega ACS. Association analysis of ten candidate genes in a large multinational cohort of small for gestational age children and children with idiopathic short stature (NESTEGG study). Horm Res Paediatr 2014; 80:466-76. [PMID: 24280783 DOI: 10.1159/000355409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal growth failure has been associated with an increased risk of hypertension, cardiovascular disease and diabetes in adulthood. Exploring the mechanisms underlying this association should improve our understanding of these common adult diseases. PATIENTS AND METHODS We investigated 225 SNPs in 10 genes involved in growth and glucose metabolism (GH1, GHR, IGF1, IGF1R, STAT5A, STAT5B, MAPK1, MAPK3, PPARγ and INS) in 1,437 children from the multinational NESTEGG consortium: 345 patients born small for gestational age who remained short (SGA-S), 288 who showed catch-up growth (SGA-Cu), 410 idiopathic short stature (ISS) and 394 controls. We related genotype to pre- and/or postnatal growth parameters, response to growth hormone (if applicable) and blood pressure. RESULTS We found several clinical associations for GH1, GHR, IGF1, IGF1R, PPARγ and MAPK1. One SNP remained significant after Bonferroni's correction: IGF1R SNP rs4966035's minor allele A was significantly more prevalent among SGA and associated with smaller birth length (p = 0.000378) and birth weight (weaker association), independent of gestational age. CONCLUSION IGF1R SNP rs4966035 is significantly associated with birth length, independent of gestational age. This and other associations suggest that polymorphisms in these genes might partly explain the phenotype of short children born SGA and children with ISS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L C G de Graaff
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yonamine CY, Teixeira SS, Campello RS, Gerlinger-Romero F, Rodrigues CF, Guimarães-Ferreira L, Machado UF, Nunes MT. Beta hydroxy beta methylbutyrate supplementation impairs peripheral insulin sensitivity in healthy sedentary Wistar rats. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 212:62-74. [PMID: 24962220 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Investigate, in healthy sedentary rats, the potential mechanisms involved on the effects of beta hydroxy beta methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation upon the glycaemic homeostasis, by evaluating the insulin sensitivity in liver, skeletal muscle, and white adipose tissue. METHODS Rats were supplemented with either beta hydroxy beta methylbutyrate (320 mg kg(-1) BW) or saline by gavage for 4 weeks. After the experimental period, the animals were subjected to the glucose tolerance test (GTT) and plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentration measurements. The soleus skeletal muscle, liver and white adipose tissue were removed for molecular (western blotting and RT-PCR) and histological analysis. RESULTS The beta hydroxy beta methylbutyrate supplemented rats presented: (i) higher ratio between the area under the curve (AUC) of insulinaemia and glycaemia during glucose tolerance test; (ii) impairment of insulin sensitivity on liver and soleus skeletal muscle after insulin overload; (iii) reduction of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT 4) total and plasma membrane content on soleus; (iv) increased hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) mRNA and protein expression on white adipose tissue and plasma NEFA levels and (v) reduction of fibre cross-sectional area of soleus muscle. CONCLUSION The data altogether indicate that beta hydroxy beta methylbutyrate supplementation impairs insulin sensitivity in healthy sedentary rats, which, in the long-term, could lead to an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. Y. Yonamine
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - S. S. Teixeira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - R. S. Campello
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - F. Gerlinger-Romero
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - C. F. Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - L. Guimarães-Ferreira
- Department of Sports; Center of Physical Education and Sports; Federal University of Espírito Santo; Vitória Brazil
| | - U. F. Machado
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - M. T. Nunes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Szczesny E, Basta-Kaim A, Slusarczyk J, Trojan E, Glombik K, Regulska M, Leskiewicz M, Budziszewska B, Kubera M, Lason W. The impact of prenatal stress on insulin-like growth factor-1 and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in the brains of adult male rats: the possible role of suppressors of cytokine signaling proteins. J Neuroimmunol 2014; 276:37-46. [PMID: 25151093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Stress, inflammation and the reduced expression of neurotrophic factors are risk factors for depression. The objective of this study was to determine if prenatal stress affects IGF-1 - cytokine interactions by influencing suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) in the brains of adult rats, in basal conditions and after acute lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. We demonstrated that prenatal stress leads to depression-like behavior, decreased IGF-1, increased IL-1β, TNF-α and IFN-γ release and disturbed SOCS-1, SOCS-2 and SOCS-3 expression in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of adult offspring. Furthermore, prenatal stress enhances the brain response to LPS-evoked inflammatory challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Szczesny
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna St., 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Basta-Kaim
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna St., 31-343 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Joanna Slusarczyk
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna St., 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Trojan
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna St., 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Glombik
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna St., 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Regulska
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna St., 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Leskiewicz
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna St., 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Boguslawa Budziszewska
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna St., 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Kubera
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna St., 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Wladyslaw Lason
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna St., 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ardiyanti A, Abe T, Tameoka N, Kobayashi E, Shoji N, Ohtani Y, Suzuki K, Roh SG, Katoh K. Effects of growth hormone gene polymorphism on lipogenic gene expression levels in diaphragm tissues of Japanese black heifers. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 25:1055-62. [PMID: 25049663 PMCID: PMC4093005 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Two SNPs, i.e. L127V and T172M, of bovine growth hormone (GH) causing the presence of GH gene haplotypes A, B, and C was previously shown to alter intramuscular fatty acid (FA) composition in Japanese Black (JB) heifers. To determine the SNP effect on somatotropic hormone concentration and lipogenesis, we measured plasma GH, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations. We also measured mRNA levels of fatty acid synthase (FASN), stearoyl-coA desaturase (SCD), and sterol regulatory element binding proteins-1 (SREBP-1) and FA composition in diaphragm tissues. Heifers with genotype CC had the lowest plasma insulin concentration and FASN and SCD mRNA levels among genotypes. FASN mRNA levels in haplotype A tended to positively correlate with saturated FA (SFA) content and negatively correlated with C18:2 and unsaturated FA (USFA) contents. SCD mRNA levels in haplotype A positively correlated with monounsaturated FA (MUFA) contents and negatively correlated with C18:0 content. They also tended to positively correlate with C16:1, C18:1, and USFA contents and USFA/SFA ratio and negatively correlate with SFA content. Taken together, GH gene polymorphism affects the lipogenic genes expression levels and their relationships with fatty acid compositions in diaphragm tissues of JB heifers at 31 months of age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tsuyoshi Abe
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Fukushima 961-8511, Japan
| | - Nanae Tameoka
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Fukushima 961-8511, Japan
| | - Eiji Kobayashi
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Fukushima 961-8511, Japan
| | - Noriaki Shoji
- Yamagata General Agricultural Research Center, Shinjo 996-0041, Japan
| | | | - Keiichi Suzuki
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
| | - Sang-Gun Roh
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Fukushima 961-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuo Katoh
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Fukushima 961-8511, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Deng HZ, Deng H, Cen CQ, Chen KY, Du ML. Post-receptor crosstalk between growth hormone and insulin signal in rats born small for gestational age with catch-up growth. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100459. [PMID: 24963636 PMCID: PMC4070916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Insulin resistance has been observed in individuals born small for gestational age (SGA) with catch-up growth (CUG), yet the mechanisms involved remain unclear. This study examined the role of GH and insulin signaling crosstalk in insulin resistance of SGA rats with CUG. Design and Methods SGA rats were developed by dietary restriction in pregnant rats. GH receptor inhibition was performed on four-week old CUG-SGA and AGA rats. Phosphorylation of IRS-1, AKT, and ERK, and expression of SOCS3 in the skeletal muscle were determined via immunoblot analysis at baseline and after insulin stimulation in CUG-SGA, NCUG-SGA and AGA groups. Results Compared to AGA controls, phosphorylation of IRS-1 and AKT in response to insulin stimulation in CUG-SGA rats was significantly blunted (P<0.05), and phosphorylation of ERK at baseline was dramatically activated (P<0.05). SOCS3 expression was significantly increased in CUG-SGA compared to AGA (P = 0.001) and NCUG-SGA (P = 0.006) rats, and was significantly suppressed following GHR inhibition (P<0.05). Furthermore, phosphorylation of IRS-1 and AKT in response to insulin stimulation increased after GHR inhibition (P<0.05). Conclusions Insulin resistance in CUG-SGA rats is associated with impairment of IRS-1-PI3K-AKT signaling, which may result from GH signaling-induced up-regulation of SOCS3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Zhu Deng
- Department of Pediatrics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Deng
- Department of Infectious diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Chao-Qun Cen
- Department of Pediatrics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai-Yun Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min-Lian Du
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Swanson EM, Snell-Rood EC. A Molecular Signaling Approach to Linking Intraspecific Variation and Macro-evolutionary Patterns. Integr Comp Biol 2014; 54:805-21. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icu057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
|
47
|
Muñoz MC, Burghi V, Miquet JG, Giani JF, Banegas RD, Toblli JE, Fang Y, Wang F, Bartke A, Dominici FP. Downregulation of the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis in transgenic mice overexpressing GH. J Endocrinol 2014; 221:215-27. [PMID: 24756097 PMCID: PMC5987768 DOI: 10.1530/joe-13-0497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a crucial role in the regulation of physiological homeostasis and diseases such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, and chronic renal failure. In this cascade, the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)/angiotensin II (Ang II)/AT1 receptor axis induces pathological effects, such as vasoconstriction, cell proliferation, and fibrosis, while the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis is protective for end-organ damage. The altered function of the RAS could be a contributing factor to the cardiac and renal alterations induced by GH excess. To further explore this issue, we evaluated the consequences of chronic GH exposure on the in vivo levels of Ang II, Ang-(1-7), ACE, ACE2, and Mas receptor in the heart and the kidney of GH-transgenic mice (bovine GH (bGH) mice). At the age of 7-8 months, female bGH mice displayed increased systolic blood pressure (SBP), a high degree of both cardiac and renal fibrosis, as well as increased levels of markers of tubular and glomerular damage. Angiotensinogen abundance was increased in the liver and the heart of bGH mice, along with a concomitant increase in cardiac Ang II levels. Importantly, the levels of ACE2, Ang-(1-7), and Mas receptor were markedly decreased in both tissues. In addition, Ang-(1-7) administration reduced SBP to control values in GH-transgenic mice, indicating that the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis is involved in GH-mediated hypertension. The data indicate that the altered expression profile of the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis in the heart and the kidney of bGH mice could contribute to the increased incidence of hypertension, cardiovascular, and renal alterations observed in these animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina C Muñoz
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (UBA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956 (1113) Buenos Aires, Argentina Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics Research, School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, Illinois 62702-4910, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Thankamony A, Tossavainen PH, Sleigh A, Acerini C, Elleri D, Dalton RN, Jackson NC, Umpleby AM, Williams RM, Dunger DB. Short-term administration of pegvisomant improves hepatic insulin sensitivity and reduces soleus muscle intramyocellular lipid content in young adults with type 1 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:639-47. [PMID: 24423298 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Data on the metabolic effects of GH derived from studies using GH suppression by pharmacological agents may not reflect selective actions. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of GH antagonism on glucose and lipid metabolism using pegvisomant, a selective GH receptor antagonist in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS In a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study, 10 young adults with T1D were evaluated at baseline and after 4 weeks of treatment with either 10 mg of pegvisomant or placebo. The assessments included an overnight euglycemic steady state followed by a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp and used glucose and glycerol cold stable isotopes. OUTCOME MEASURES Hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity (IS), lipid turnover, and intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) were measured. RESULTS Compared with placebo, pegvisomant treatment resulted in lower IGF-I levels (P < .001). During the overnight steady state, insulin requirements for euglycemia (P = .019), insulin levels (P = .008), and glucose production rates (Ra) (P = .033) were reduced. During the clamp study, glucose infusion rates (P = .031) increased and glucose Ra (P = .015) decreased whereas glucose disposal rates were unchanged. Free fatty acid levels were similar during the steady state but were lower during the clamp (P = .040) after pegvisomant. Soleus muscle IMCL decreased after treatment (P = .024); however, no change in tibialis anterior muscle was observed. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrates that GH antagonism in T1D results in improved hepatic insulin sensitivity. Lack of consistent changes in free fatty acid levels may suggest a direct effect of GH on IS. Unchanged peripheral IS despite reductions in IMCL indicate that GH-induced alterations in IMCL may not be causally linked to glucose metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Thankamony
- Department of Paediatrics (A.T., P.H.T., C.A., D.E., R.M.W., D.B.D.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre (A.S.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (P.H.T.), University of Oulu, 90029 OYS, Oulu, Finland; WellChild Laboratory (R.N.D.), King's College London, Evelina Children's Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom; Diabetes and Metabolic Medicine (N.C.J., A.M.U.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7WG, United Kingdom; and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre (D.B.D.), Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Feng X, Tang H, Leng J, Jiang Q. Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) and type 2 diabetes. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:2265-74. [PMID: 24414000 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3079-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are originally identified as negative regulators of cytokine-activated Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription signaling pathway, but increasing evidence reveals that SOCS proteins play an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes involving regulation of the insulin signaling and pancreatic β-cell function, and that SOCS are promising to be the targets for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In this review, we focus on the emerging role for SOCS and the potential drugs targeting SOCS for type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotao Feng
- Guangxi Scientific Experimental Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530001, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Gao Y, Su P, Wang C, Zhu K, Chen X, Liu S, He J. The role of PTEN in chronic growth hormone-induced hepatic insulin resistance. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68105. [PMID: 23840818 PMCID: PMC3695944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic growth hormone (GH) therapy has been shown to cause insulin resistance, but the mechanism remains unknown. PTEN, a tumor suppressor gene, is a major negative regulator of insulin signaling. In this study, we explored the effect of chronic GH on insulin signaling in the context of PTEN function. Balb/c healthy mice were given recombinant human or bovine GH intraperitoneally for 3 weeks. We found that phosphorylation of Akt was significantly decreased in chronic GH group and the expression of PTEN was significantly increased. We further examined this effect in the streptozotocin-induced Type I diabetic mouse model, in which endogenous insulin secretion was disrupted. Insulin/PI3K/Akt signaling was impaired. However, different from the observation in healthy mice, the expression of PTEN did not increase. Similarly, PTEN expression did not significantly increase in chronic GH-treated mice with hypoinsulinemia induced by prolonged fasting. We conducted in-vitro experiments in HepG2 cells to validate our in-vivo findings. Long-term exposure to GH caused similar resistance of insulin/PI3K/Akt signaling in HepG2 cells; and over-expression of PTEN enhanced the impairment of insulin signaling. On the other hand, disabling the PTEN gene by transfecting the mutant PTEN construct C124S or siPTEN, disrupted the chronic GH induced insulin resistance. Our data demonstrate that PTEN plays an important role in chronic-GH-induced insulin resistance. These findings may have implication in other pathological insulin resistance.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cattle
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fasting/metabolism
- Growth Hormone/metabolism
- Hep G2 Cells
- Humans
- Insulin/metabolism
- Insulin Resistance/physiology
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/physiology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/metabolism
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Phosphorylation/physiology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/physiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peizhu Su
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuqiong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kongqin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Side Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (JH); (SL)
| | - Jiman He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Liver Research Center, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JH); (SL)
| |
Collapse
|