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Zhong J, Guo L, Wang Y, Jiang X, Wang C, Xiao Y, Wang Y, Zhou F, Wu C, Chen L, Wang X, Wang J, Cao B, Li M, Ren L. Gut Microbiota Improves Prognostic Prediction in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients Alongside Immunological and Hematological Indicators. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0389. [PMID: 38779486 PMCID: PMC11109594 DOI: 10.34133/research.0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota undergoes substantial changes in COVID-19 patients; yet, the utility of these alterations as prognostic biomarkers at the time of hospital admission, and its correlation with immunological and hematological parameters, remains unclear. The objective of this study is to investigate the gut microbiota's dynamic change in critically ill patients with COVID-19 and evaluate its predictive capability for clinical outcomes alongside immunological and hematological parameters. In this study, anal swabs were consecutively collected from 192 COVID-19 patients (583 samples) upon hospital admission for metagenome sequencing. Simultaneously, blood samples were obtained to measure the concentrations of 27 cytokines and chemokines, along with hematological and biochemical indicators. Our findings indicate a significant correlation between the composition and dynamics of gut microbiota with disease severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Recovered patients exhibited a higher abundance of Veillonella and denser interactions among gut commensal bacteria compared to deceased patients. Furthermore, the abundance of gut commensal bacteria exhibited a negative correlation with the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines and organ damage markers. The gut microbiota upon admission showed moderate prognostic prediction ability with an AUC of 0.78, which was less effective compared to predictions based on immunological and hematological parameters (AUC 0.80 and 0.88, respectively). Noteworthy, the integration of these three datasets yielded a higher predictive accuracy (AUC 0.93). Our findings suggest the gut microbiota as an informative biomarker for COVID-19 prognosis, augmenting existing immune and hematological indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhong
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Guo
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yeming Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital,
Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases,
Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xiao
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital,
Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases,
Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Chen
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Cao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital,
Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases,
Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingkun Li
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - LiLi Ren
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Jurek JM, Castro-Marrero J. A Narrative Review on Gut Microbiome Disturbances and Microbial Preparations in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Implications for Long COVID. Nutrients 2024; 16:1545. [PMID: 38892479 PMCID: PMC11173566 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis, also known as chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), and long COVID are complex, multisystemic and long-term disabling conditions characterized by debilitating post-exertional malaise and other core symptoms related to immune dysregulation resultant from post-viral infection, including mitochondrial dysfunction, chronic neuroinflammation and gut dysbiosis. The reported associations between altered microbiota composition and cardinal symptoms of ME/CFS and long COVID suggest that the use of microbial preparations, such as probiotics, by restoring the homeostasis of the brain-immune-gut axis, may help in the management of symptoms in both conditions. Therefore, this review aims to investigate the implications of alerted gut microbiome and assess the evidence supporting use of microbial-based preparations, including probiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics alone and/or in combination with other nutraceuticals in the management of fatigue, inflammation and neuropsychiatric and gastrointestinal symptoms among patients with ME/CFS and long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Michalina Jurek
- Unit of Research in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Long COVID, Rheumatology Research Division, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)-Medicina Aplicada (URV), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43005 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jesus Castro-Marrero
- Unit of Research in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Long COVID, Rheumatology Research Division, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
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3
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Liu S, Wang B, Chen T, Wang H, Liu J, Zhao X, Zhang Y. Two new and effective food-extracted immunomodulatory agents exhibit anti-inflammatory response activity in the hACE2 acute lung injury murine model of COVID-19. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1374541. [PMID: 38807598 PMCID: PMC11130445 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1374541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread rapidly and claimed millions of lives worldwide. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the major cause of COVID-19-associated deaths. Due to the limitations of current drugs, developing effective therapeutic options that can be used rapidly and safely in clinics for treating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections is necessary. This study aims to investigate the effects of two food-extracted immunomodulatory agents, ajoene-enriched garlic extract (AGE) and cruciferous vegetables-extracted sulforaphane (SFN), on anti-inflammatory and immune responses in a SARS-CoV-2 acute lung injury mouse model. Methods In this study, we established a mouse model to mimic the SARS-CoV-2 infection acute lung injury model via intratracheal injection of polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly[I:C]) and SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein (SP). After the different agents treatment, lung sections, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and fresh faeces were harvested. Then, H&E staining was used to examine symptoms of interstitial pneumonia. Flow cytometry was used to examine the change of immune cell populations. Multiplex cytokines assay was used to examine the inflammatory cytokines.16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing was used to examine the change of gut microbiome. Results Our results showed that AGE and SFN significantly suppressed the symptoms of interstitial pneumonia, effectively inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines, decreased the percentage of inflammatory cell populations, and elevated T cell populations in the mouse model. Furthermore, we also observed that the gut microbiome of genus Paramuribaculum were enriched in the AGE-treated group. Conclusion Here, for the first time, we observed that these two novel, safe, and relatively inexpensive immunomodulatory agents exhibited the same effects on anti-inflammatory and immune responses as neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against interleukin 6 receptor (IL-6R), which have been suggested for treating COVID-19 patients. Our results revealed the therapeutic ability of these two immunomodulatory agents in a mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 acute lung injury by promoting anti-inflammatory and immune responses. These results suggest that AGE and SFN are promising candidates for the COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Liu
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Baiqiao Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tianran Chen
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Key Laboratory for Cell Therapy of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
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4
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Zhang Y, Zhang H, Xu T, Zeng L, Liu F, Huang X, Liu Q. Interactions among microorganisms open up a new world for anti-infectious therapy. FEBS J 2024; 291:1615-1631. [PMID: 36527169 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The human microbiome, containing bacteria, fungi, and viruses, is a community that coexists peacefully with humans most of the time, but with the potential to cause disease under certain conditions. When the environment changes or certain stimuli are received, microbes may interact with each other, causing or increasing the severity of disease in a host. With the appropriate methods, we can make these microbiota work for us, creating new applications for human health. This review discusses the wide range of interactions between microorganisms that result in an increase in susceptibility to, severity of, and mortality of diseases, and also briefly introduces how microorganisms interact with each other directly or indirectly. The study of microbial interactions and their mechanisms has revealed a new world of treatments for infectious disease. The regulation of the balance between intestinal flora, the correct application of probiotics, and the development of effective drugs by symbiosis all demonstrate the great contributions of the microbiota to human health and its powerful potential value. Consequently, the study of interactions between microorganisms plays an essential role in identifying the causes of diseases and the development of treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejia Zhang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Hanchi Zhang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Tian Xu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Lingbing Zeng
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Fadi Liu
- The Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaotian Huang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
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5
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Carneiro VL, Littlefield KM, Watson R, Palmer BE, Lozupone C. Inflammation-associated gut microbiome in postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 points towards new therapeutic targets. Gut 2024; 73:376-378. [PMID: 36717218 PMCID: PMC10850647 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-328757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine M Littlefield
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Renee Watson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Brent E Palmer
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Catherine Lozupone
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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6
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Brīvība M, Silamiķele L, Birzniece L, Ansone L, Megnis K, Silamiķelis I, Pelcmane L, Borisova D, Rozenberga M, Jagare L, Elbere I, Kloviņš J. Gut Microbiome Composition and Dynamics in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients and Patients with Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:567. [PMID: 38203738 PMCID: PMC10779053 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in the modulation of host responses during viral infections, and recent studies have underscored its significance in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to investigate the dynamics and compositional changes in the gut microbiome of COVID-19 patients, addressing both the acute phase and the recovery process, with a particular focus on the emergence of post-COVID-19 conditions. Involving 146 COVID-19 patients and 110 healthy controls, this study employed a shotgun metagenomics approach for cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses with one- and three-month follow-ups. We observed a decline in taxonomic diversity among hospitalized COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls, while a subsequent increase in alpha diversity was shown during the recovery process. A notable contribution of Enterococcus faecium was identified in the acute phase of the infection, accompanied by an increasing abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria (e.g., Roseburia, Lachnospiraceae_unclassified) during the recovery period. We highlighted a protective role of the Prevotella genus in the long-term recovery process and suggested a potential significance of population-specificity in the early gut microbiome markers of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Our study represents distinctive gut microbiome signatures in COVID-19, with potential diagnostic and prognostic implications, pinpointing potential modulators of the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monta Brīvība
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (L.S.); (L.B.); (L.A.); (K.M.); (I.S.); (L.P.); (D.B.); (I.E.); (J.K.)
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7
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Sun X, Zhou X, He W, Sun W, Xu Z. Co-Housing and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: Technical Support for TCM Herbal Treatment of Extra-Intestinal Diseases Based on Gut Microbial Ecosystem Remodeling. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:3803-3831. [PMID: 38155743 PMCID: PMC10753978 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s443462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the gut microbial ecosystem (GME) (eg, alterations in the gut microbiota, gut-derived metabolites, and gut barrier) may contribute to the onset and progression of extra-intestinal diseases. Previous studies have found that Traditional Chinese Medicine herbs (TCMs) play an important role in manipulating the GME, but a prominent obstacle in current TCM research is the causal relationship between GME and disease amelioration. Encouragingly, co-housing and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) provide evidence-based support for TCMs to treat extra-intestinal diseases by targeting GME. In this review, we documented the principles, operational procedures, applications and limitations of the key technologies (ie, co-housing and FMT); furthermore, we provided evidence that TCM works through the GME, especially the gut microbiota (eg, SCFA- and BSH-producing bacteria), the gut-derived metabolites (eg, IS, pCS, and SCFAs), and intestinal barrier to alleviate extra-intestinal diseases. This will be beneficial in constructing microecological pathways for TCM treatment of extra-intestinal diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Sun
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Zhou
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiming He
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Fan R, Liu S, Sun N, Yang Y, Deng X, Hu B, Sun C, Wen C, Li H, Cheng D, Huang C, Hou P, Zhang T. Gut microbiota composition is associated with disease severity and host immune responses in COVID-19. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1274690. [PMID: 38149007 PMCID: PMC10749918 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1274690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human gut microbiota play a crucial role in the immune response of the host to respiratory viral infection. However, evidence regarding the association between the gut microbiome, host immune responses, and disease severity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains insufficient. Methods To better comprehend the interactions between the host and gut microbiota in COVID-19, we conducted 16S rRNA sequencing and characterized the gut microbiome compositions in stool samples from 40 COVID-19 patients and 33 non-pneumonia controls. We assessed several hematological parameters to determine the immune status. Results We found that the gut microbial composition was significantly changed in COVID-19 patients, which was characterized by increased opportunistic pathogens and decreased commensal bacteria. The frequency of prevalent opportunistic pathogens Enterococcus and Lactobacillus increased, especially in severe patients; yet the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, and Anaerostipes, decreased significantly, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii might help discriminate severe patients from moderate patients and non-pneumonia people. Furthermore, we then obtained a correlation map between the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 and severity-related gut microbiota. We observed a notable correlation between the abundance of Enterococcus faecium and abnormal neutrophil or lymphocyte percentage in all COVID-19 patients. Faecalibacterium was positively correlated with lymphocyte counts, while negatively correlated with neutrophil percentage. Conclusion These results suggested that the gut microbiome could have a potential function in regulating host immune responses and impacting the severity or consequences of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyue Fan
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory Disease, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Na Sun
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xia Deng
- School of Public Healthy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Changhua Sun
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chengli Wen
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Li
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dong Cheng
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanjun Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory Disease, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peibin Hou
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tianliang Zhang
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
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9
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Venugopal N, Armstrong PA, Wright TJ, Randolph KM, Batson RD, Yuen KCJ, Masel B, Sheffield-Moore M, Pyles RB, Urban RJ. Is there a role for growth hormone replacement in adults to control acute and post-acute COVID-19? Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 37:101842. [PMID: 37996257 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2023.101842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic created a multitude of medical crossroads requiring real time adaptations of best practice covering preventative and interventional aspects of care. Among the many discoveries borne from efforts to address the myriad clinical presentations across multiple organ systems was a common impact on tissues with cells that express the ACE-2 receptor. The vast majority of acute infections began and often ended in the respiratory tract, but more recent evaluations have confirmed significant extrapulmonary manifestations including symptom clusters that extend beyond the acute phase of infection collectively referred to as "post-acute sequelae SARS-CoV-2 infection" (PASC) or more commonly as "long (-haul) COVID". Both acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and PASC are associated with gut microbiome dysbiosis and alterations in the gut-brain and HPA-axis in a subset of the infected. Mounting evidence suggests these extrapulmonary manifestations may ultimately lead to reduced growth hormone (GH) secretion as demonstrated following stimulation tests. Disrupted GH secretion could cause or exacerbate long lasting neuropsychological symptoms as seen in other similar manifesting conditions. Ongoing clinical research has shown promising improvement in PASC patients with fatigue and cognition complaints can be achieved via GH replacement therapy. GH stimulation testing should be considered in PASC workups and future research should delve deeper into the mechanistic effects of GH on acute COVID and PASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Venugopal
- John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Peyton A Armstrong
- John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Traver J Wright
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Kathleen M Randolph
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | | | - Kevin C J Yuen
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Barrow Pituitary Center and Barrow Neuroendocrinology Clinic, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA.
| | - Brent Masel
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Centre for Neuro Skills, Bakersfield, CA 93313, USA.
| | - Melinda Sheffield-Moore
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Richard B Pyles
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Randall J Urban
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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Hashimoto K. Detrimental effects of COVID-19 in the brain and therapeutic options for long COVID: The role of Epstein-Barr virus and the gut-brain axis. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4968-4976. [PMID: 37402856 PMCID: PMC11041741 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02161-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has resulted in a serious public health burden worldwide. In addition to respiratory, heart, and gastrointestinal symptoms, patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 experience a number of persistent neurological and psychiatric symptoms, known as long COVID or "brain fog". Studies of autopsy samples from patients who died from COVID-19 detected SARS-CoV-2 in the brain. Furthermore, increasing evidence shows that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation after SARS-CoV-2 infection might play a role in long COVID symptoms. Moreover, alterations in the microbiome after SARS-CoV-2 infection might contribute to acute and long COVID symptoms. In this article, the author reviews the detrimental effects of COVID-19 on the brain, and the biological mechanisms (e.g., EBV reactivation, and changes in the gut, nasal, oral, or lung microbiomes) underlying long COVID. In addition, the author discusses potential therapeutic approaches based on the gut-brain axis, including plant-based diet, probiotics and prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and vagus nerve stimulation, and sigma-1 receptor agonist fluvoxamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
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11
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Luchian ML, Higny J, Benoit M, Robaye B, Berners Y, Henry JP, Colle B, Xhaët O, Blommaert D, Droogmans S, Motoc AI, Cosyns B, Gabriel L, Guedes A, Demeure F. Unmasking Pandemic Echoes: An In-Depth Review of Long COVID's Unabated Cardiovascular Consequences beyond 2020. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3368. [PMID: 37958264 PMCID: PMC10647305 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13213368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
At the beginning of 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged as a new pandemic, leading to a worldwide health crisis and overwhelming healthcare systems due to high numbers of hospital admissions, insufficient resources, and a lack of standardized therapeutic protocols. Multiple genetic variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been detected since its first public declaration in 2020, some of them being considered variants of concern (VOCs) corresponding to several pandemic waves. Nevertheless, a growing number of COVID-19 patients are continuously discharged from hospitals, remaining symptomatic even months after their first episode of COVID-19 infection. Long COVID-19 or 'post-acute COVID-19 syndrome' emerged as the new pandemic, being characterized by a high variability of clinical manifestations ranging from cardiorespiratory and neurological symptoms such as chest pain, exertional dyspnoea or cognitive disturbance to psychological disturbances, e.g., depression, anxiety or sleep disturbance with a crucial impact on patients' quality of life. Moreover, Long COVID is viewed as a new cardiovascular risk factor capable of modifying the trajectory of current and future cardiovascular diseases, altering the patients' prognosis. Therefore, in this review we address the current definitions of Long COVID and its pathophysiology, with a focus on cardiovascular manifestations. Furthermore, we aim to review the mechanisms of acute and chronic cardiac injury and the variety of cardiovascular sequelae observed in recovered COVID-19 patients, in addition to the potential role of Long COVID clinics in the medical management of this new condition. We will further address the role of future research for a better understanding of the actual impact of Long COVID and future therapeutic directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Luiza Luchian
- Department of Cardiology, Université Catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur Site Godinne, Av. Dr. G. Thérasse, 1, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium (A.G.); (F.D.)
| | - Julien Higny
- Department of Cardiology, Université Catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur Site Godinne, Av. Dr. G. Thérasse, 1, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium (A.G.); (F.D.)
| | - Martin Benoit
- Department of Cardiology, Université Catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur Site Godinne, Av. Dr. G. Thérasse, 1, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium (A.G.); (F.D.)
| | - Benoit Robaye
- Department of Cardiology, Université Catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur Site Godinne, Av. Dr. G. Thérasse, 1, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium (A.G.); (F.D.)
| | - Yannick Berners
- Department of Cardiology, Université Catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur Site Godinne, Av. Dr. G. Thérasse, 1, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium (A.G.); (F.D.)
| | - Jean-Philippe Henry
- Department of Cardiology, Université Catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur Site Godinne, Av. Dr. G. Thérasse, 1, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium (A.G.); (F.D.)
| | - Benjamin Colle
- Department of Cardiology, Université Catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur Site Godinne, Av. Dr. G. Thérasse, 1, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium (A.G.); (F.D.)
| | - Olivier Xhaët
- Department of Cardiology, Université Catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur Site Godinne, Av. Dr. G. Thérasse, 1, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium (A.G.); (F.D.)
| | - Dominique Blommaert
- Department of Cardiology, Université Catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur Site Godinne, Av. Dr. G. Thérasse, 1, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium (A.G.); (F.D.)
| | - Steven Droogmans
- Department of Cardiology, Centrum voor Hart-en Vaatziekten, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andreea Iulia Motoc
- Department of Cardiology, Centrum voor Hart-en Vaatziekten, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Cosyns
- Department of Cardiology, Centrum voor Hart-en Vaatziekten, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence Gabriel
- Department of Cardiology, Université Catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur Site Godinne, Av. Dr. G. Thérasse, 1, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium (A.G.); (F.D.)
| | - Antoine Guedes
- Department of Cardiology, Université Catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur Site Godinne, Av. Dr. G. Thérasse, 1, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium (A.G.); (F.D.)
| | - Fabian Demeure
- Department of Cardiology, Université Catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur Site Godinne, Av. Dr. G. Thérasse, 1, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium (A.G.); (F.D.)
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12
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Liu S, Zhao Y, Feng X, Xu H. SARS-CoV-2 infection threatening intestinal health: A review of potential mechanisms and treatment strategies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:12578-12596. [PMID: 35894645 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2103090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has brought great problems to mankind, including economic recession and poor health. COVID-19 patients are frequently reported with gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea and vomiting in clinical diagnosis. Maintaining intestinal health is the key guarantee to maintain the normal function of multiple organs, otherwise it will be a disaster. Therefore, the purpose of this review was deeply understanded the potential mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection threatening intestinal health and put forward reasonable treatment strategies. Combined with the existing researches, we summarized the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection threatening intestinal health, including intestinal microbiome disruption, intestinal barrier dysfunction, intestinal oxidative stress and intestinal cytokine storm. These adverse intestinal events may affect other organs through the circulatory system or aggravate the course of the disease. Typically, intestinal disadvantage may promote the progression of SARS-CoV-2 through the gut-lung axis and increase the disease degree of COVID-19 patients. In view of the lack of specific drugs to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication, the current review described new strategies of probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics and nutrients to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection and maintain intestinal health. To provide new insights for the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal symptoms and pneumonia in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanji Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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13
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Li Y, Chen Q, Wang L, Chen X, Wang B, Zhong W. The mechanisms of nerve injury caused by viral infection in the occurrence of gastrointestinal motility disorder-related diseases. Virol J 2023; 20:251. [PMID: 37915051 PMCID: PMC10621196 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02185-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal motility refers to the peristalsis and contractility of gastrointestinal muscles, including the force and frequency of gastrointestinal muscle contraction. Gastrointestinal motility maintains the normal digestive function of the human body and is a critical component of the physiological function of the digestive tract. At present, gastrointestinal motility disorder-related diseases are gradually affecting human production and life. In recent years, it has been consistently reported that the enteric nervous system has a coordinating and controlling role in gastrointestinal motility. Motility disorders are closely related to functional or anatomical changes in the gastrointestinal nervous system. At the same time, some viral infections, such as herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus infections, can cause damage to the gastrointestinal nervous system. Therefore, this paper describes the mechanisms of viral infection in the gastrointestinal nervous system and the associated clinical manifestations. Studies have indicated that the means by which viruses can cause the infection of the enteric nervous system are various, including retrograde transport, hematogenous transmission and centrifugal transmission from the central nervous system. When viruses infect the enteric nervous system, they can cause clinical symptoms, such as abdominal pain, abdominal distension, early satiation, belching, diarrhea, and constipation, by recruiting macrophages, lymphocytes and neutrophils and regulating intestinal microbes. The findings of several case‒control studies suggest that viruses are the cause of some gastrointestinal motility disorders. It is concluded that one of the causes of gastrointestinal motility disorders is viral infection of the enteric nervous system. In such disorders, the relationships between viruses and nerves remain to be studied more deeply. Further studies are necessary to evaluate whether prophylactic antiviral therapy is feasible in gastrointestinal motility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Qiuyu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300110, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Weilong Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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14
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Koleničová V, Vňuková MS, Anders M, Fišerová M, Raboch J, Ptáček R. A Review Article on Exercise Intolerance in Long COVID: Unmasking the Causes and Optimizing Treatment Strategies. Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e941079. [PMID: 37897034 PMCID: PMC10619330 DOI: 10.12659/msm.941079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of research on SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), previously known as the post-COVID syndrome, a chronic condition characterized by symptoms that persist after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among these symptoms, feelings of physical exhaustion and prolonged fatigue are particularly prevalent and can significantly impact patients' quality of life. These symptoms are associated with reduced overall physical capacity, decreased daily physical activity, malaise after intense training, and intolerance to physical activity (IFA). IFA, described as a reduced ability to perform physical activities typical for the patient's age, can often lead to a sedentary lifestyle. Prolonged physical inactivity can cause deterioration in the overall physical condition and disrupt mitochondrial function, triggering a vicious cycle of gradual symptom worsening. The underlying causes of PASC remain unclear; however, several biochemical mechanisms have been discussed to explain the body's energy depletion, and a multidisciplinary approach that combines physical and cognitive rehabilitation and lifestyle interventions such as exercise and diet modifications has been suggested to improve the overall health and well-being of PASC patients. This critical review aims to review the existing research on the possible causes and links among chronic fatigue, reduced physical activity, and exercise intolerance in patients with PASC. Further research into the underlying causes and treatment of PASC and the importance of developing individualized treatment is needed to address each patient's unique health requirements.
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15
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Zhang Y, Gan Y, Bao H, Wang R. Perturbations of gut microbiome and metabolome of pigs infected with Mycoplasma hyorhinis. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:6219-6232. [PMID: 37145100 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycoplasma hyorhinis is a prevalent respiratory pathogen in swine, causing significant economic loss to pig producers. There is growing evidence that respiratory pathogen infections have a large impact on intestinal microecology. To study the effect of M. hyorhinis infection on gut microbial composition and metabolome profile, pigs were infected with M. hyorhinis. Metagenomic sequencing analysis was performed of fecal samples and a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis of gut digesta was made. RESULTS Pigs infected with M. hyorhinis had enriched Sutterella and Mailhella, and depleted Dechloromonas, Succinatimonas, Campylobacter, Blastocystis, Treponema, and Megasphaera. The pigs infected with M. hyorhinis also had greater abundances of bacterium_0_1xD8_71, Ruminococcus_sp__CAG_353, Firmicutes_bacterium_CAG_194, Firmicutes_bacterium_CAG_534, bacterium_1xD42_87, and lower abundances of Chlamydia_suis, Megasphaera_elsdenii, Treponema_porcinum, Bacteroides_sp__CAG_1060, Faecalibacterium_prausnitzii. Metabolomic analysis revealed that some lipids and lipid-like molecules increased in the small intestine, whereas most lipids and lipid-like molecule metabolites decreased in the large intestine. These altered metabolites induce changes in intestinal sphingolipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and thiamine metabolism. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that infection with M. hyorhinis can alter the gut microbial composition and metabolite structure in pigs, which may further affect amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism in the intestine. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Gan
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongduo Bao
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
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16
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Zhao X, Hu X, Han J, Yin R, Zhang S, Liu H. Gut mycobiome: A "black box" of gut microbiome-host interactions. WIREs Mech Dis 2023; 15:e1611. [PMID: 37157158 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Fungi, being a necessary component of the gut microbiome, potentially have direct or indirect effects on the health and illness status of the host. The gut mycobiome is an inducer of the host's immunity, maintaining intestinal homeostasis, and protecting against infections, as well as a reservoir of opportunistic microorganisms and a potential cofactor when the host is immunocompromised. In addition, gut fungi interact with a diverse range of microbes in the intestinal niches. In this article, we reviewed the composition of gut mycobiome, their association with host health and illness, and summarized the specific Candida albicans-host interactions, in order to provide insights and directions for the ongoing study of fungi. This article is categorized under: Infectious Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Hu
- Department of Medical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Han
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruopeng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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17
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Galperine T, Choi Y, Pagani JL, Kritikos A, Papadimitriou-Olivgeris M, Méan M, Scherz V, Opota O, Greub G, Guery B, Bertelli C. Temporal changes in fecal microbiota of patients infected with COVID-19: a longitudinal cohort. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:537. [PMID: 37596518 PMCID: PMC10436399 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08511-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a multifaceted disease potentially responsible for various clinical manifestations including gastro-intestinal symptoms. Several evidences suggest that the intestine is a critical site of immune cell development, gut microbiota could therefore play a key role in lung immune response. We designed a monocentric longitudinal observational study to describe the gut microbiota profile in COVID-19 patients and compare it to a pre-existing cohort of ventilated non-COVID-19 patients. METHODS From March to December 2020, we included patients admitted for COVID-19 in medicine (43 not ventilated) or intensive care unit (ICU) (14 ventilated) with a positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR assay in a respiratory tract sample. 16S metagenomics was performed on rectal swabs from these 57 COVID-19 patients, 35 with one and 22 with multiple stool collections. Nineteen non-COVID-19 ICU controls were also enrolled, among which 14 developed ventilator-associated pneumonia (pneumonia group) and five remained without infection (control group). SARS-CoV-2 viral loads in fecal samples were measured by qPCR. RESULTS Although similar at inclusion, Shannon alpha diversity appeared significantly lower in COVID-19 and pneumonia groups than in the control group at day 7. Furthermore, the microbiota composition became distinct between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 groups. The fecal microbiota of COVID-19 patients was characterized by increased Bacteroides and the pneumonia group by Prevotella. In a distance-based redundancy analysis, only COVID-19 presented significant effects on the microbiota composition. Moreover, patients in ICU harbored increased Campylobacter and decreased butyrate-producing bacteria, such as Lachnospiraceae, Roseburia and Faecalibacterium as compared to patients in medicine. Both the stay in ICU and patient were significant factors affecting the microbiota composition. SARS-CoV-2 viral loads were higher in ICU than in non-ICU patients. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we identified distinct characteristics of the gut microbiota in COVID-19 patients compared to control groups. COVID-19 patients were primarily characterized by increased Bacteroides and decreased Prevotella. Moreover, disease severity showed a negative correlation with butyrate-producing bacteria. These features could offer valuable insights into potential targets for modulating the host response through the microbiota and contribute to a better understanding of the disease's pathophysiology. TRIAL REGISTRATION CER-VD 2020-00755 (05.05.2020) & 2017-01820 (08.06.2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Galperine
- Service of Infectious Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, BH10-553, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yangji Choi
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Pagani
- Service of Intensive Care, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antonios Kritikos
- Service of Infectious Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, BH10-553, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthaios Papadimitriou-Olivgeris
- Service of Infectious Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, BH10-553, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie Méan
- Division of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Scherz
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Onya Opota
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gilbert Greub
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benoit Guery
- Service of Infectious Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, BH10-553, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Claire Bertelli
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Hensen T, Fässler D, O’Mahony L, Albrich WC, Barda B, Garzoni C, Kleger GR, Pietsch U, Suh N, Hertel J, Thiele I. The Effects of Hospitalisation on the Serum Metabolome in COVID-19 Patients. Metabolites 2023; 13:951. [PMID: 37623894 PMCID: PMC10456321 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, a systemic multi-organ disease resulting from infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is known to result in a wide array of disease outcomes, ranging from asymptomatic to fatal. Despite persistent progress, there is a continued need for more accurate determinants of disease outcomes, including post-acute symptoms after COVID-19. In this study, we characterised the serum metabolomic changes due to hospitalisation and COVID-19 disease progression by mapping the serum metabolomic trajectories of 71 newly hospitalised moderate and severe patients in their first week after hospitalisation. These 71 patients were spread out over three hospitals in Switzerland, enabling us to meta-analyse the metabolomic trajectories and filter consistently changing metabolites. Additionally, we investigated differential metabolite-metabolite trajectories between fatal, severe, and moderate disease outcomes to find prognostic markers of disease severity. We found drastic changes in serum metabolite concentrations for 448 out of the 901 metabolites. These results included markers of hospitalisation, such as environmental exposures, dietary changes, and altered drug administration, but also possible markers of physiological functioning, including carboxyethyl-GABA and fibrinopeptides, which might be prognostic for worsening lung injury. Possible markers of disease progression included altered urea cycle metabolites and metabolites of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, indicating a SARS-CoV-2-induced reprogramming of the host metabolism. Glycerophosphorylcholine was identified as a potential marker of disease severity. Taken together, this study describes the metabolome-wide changes due to hospitalisation and COVID-19 disease progression. Moreover, we propose a wide range of novel potential biomarkers for monitoring COVID-19 disease course, both dependent and independent of the severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Hensen
- School of Medicine, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland;
- School of Microbiology, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
- Ryan Institute, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland; (L.O.); (W.C.A.)
| | - Daniel Fässler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Liam O’Mahony
- APC Microbiome Ireland, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland; (L.O.); (W.C.A.)
- Department of Medicine and School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
| | - Werner C. Albrich
- APC Microbiome Ireland, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland; (L.O.); (W.C.A.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Barda
- Fondazione Epatocentro Ticino, Via Soldino 5, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; (B.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Christian Garzoni
- Fondazione Epatocentro Ticino, Via Soldino 5, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; (B.B.); (C.G.)
- Clinic of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Clinica Luganese Moncucco, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Gian-Reto Kleger
- Division of Intensive Care, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland;
| | - Urs Pietsch
- Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland;
| | - Noémie Suh
- Division of Intensive Care, Geneva University Hospitals, The Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Johannes Hertel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany;
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ines Thiele
- School of Medicine, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland;
- School of Microbiology, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
- Ryan Institute, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland; (L.O.); (W.C.A.)
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19
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Yan H, Zhao S, Huang HX, Xie P, Cai XH, Qu YD, Zhang W, Luo JQ, Zhang L, Li X. Systematic Mendelian randomization study of the effect of gut microbiome and plasma metabolome on severe COVID-19. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1211612. [PMID: 37662924 PMCID: PMC10468967 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1211612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 could develop severe respiratory symptoms in certain infected patients, especially in the patients with immune disorders. Gut microbiome and plasma metabolome act important immunological modulators in the human body and could contribute to the immune responses impacting the progression of COVID-19. However, the causal relationship between specific intestinal bacteria, metabolites and severe COVID-19 remains not clear. Methods Based on two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) framework, the causal effects of 131 intestinal taxa and 452 plasma metabolites on severe COVID-19 were evaluated. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) strongly associated with the abundance of intestinal taxa and the concentration of plasma metabolites had been utilized as the instrument variables to infer whether they were causal factors of severe COVID-19. In addition, mediation analysis was conducted to find the potential association between the taxon and metabolite, and further colocalization analysis had been performed to validate the causal relationships. Results MR analysis identified 13 taxa and 53 metabolites, which were significantly associated with severe COVID-19 as causal factors. Mediation analysis revealed 11 mediated relationships. Myo-inositol, 2-stearoylglycerophosphocholine, and alpha-glutamyltyrosine, potentially contributed to the association of Howardella and Ruminiclostridium 6 with severe COVID-19, respectively. Butyrivibrio and Ruminococcus gnavus could mediate the association of myo-inositol and N-acetylalanine, respectively. In addition, Ruminococcus torques abundance was colocalized with severe COVID-19 (PP.H4 = 0.77) and the colon expression of permeability related protein RASIP1 (PP.H4 = 0.95). Conclusions Our study highlights the potential causal relationships between gut microbiome, plasma metabolome and severe COVID-19, which potentially serve as clinical biomarkers for risk stratification and prognostication and benefit the mechanism mechanistic investigation of severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Si Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Han-Xue Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pan Xie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xin-He Cai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yun-Dan Qu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian-Quan Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Longbo Zhang
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changde, Hunan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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20
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Gawey B, Yang J, Bauer B, Song J, Wang XJ. The use of complementary and alternative medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal symptoms in Long COVID: a systematic review. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2023; 14:20406223231190548. [PMID: 37577106 PMCID: PMC10422885 DOI: 10.1177/20406223231190548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Most people with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) experience resolution of symptoms within days to weeks following initial infection. In a subset of individuals, symptoms persist longer than 4 weeks, known as 'Long COVID'. Many gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms persist as part of this syndrome; yet, an approach to treatment remains unclear. Prior studies have demonstrated the efficacy of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for the treatment of acute COVID-19 infections, but little data exist regarding the potential use of CAM in the treatment of Long COVID. Objectives Identify CAM approaches useful in treating the GI symptoms of Long COVID. Design A systematic review of studies reporting on the use of CAM for the treatment of GI symptoms of Long COVID was performed. Data Sources and Methods Five electronic databases were searched from January 2019 to November 2022. Studies describing the use of CAM to treat GI symptoms of Long COVID were included and assessed by two independent reviewers. Studies not reporting on GI symptoms or using CAM were excluded. Studies chosen for final review underwent quality and bias assessment using predetermined criteria. The extracted data were synthesized utilizing a framework derived from the National Center of Complementary and Integrative Health categories. Results The initial search yielded 396 articles. After applying the eligibility criteria, a total of four studies (three case reports and one case series) were included for final review. Two studies used nutritional supplements and two studies used traditional Chinese medicine. Reductions in nausea, loss of appetite, diarrhea, acid reflux, epigastric pain, and bloating were reported. Conclusion This is the first systematic review to explore the role of CAM in treating GI manifestations of Long COVID. The review identified four studies, all reporting reductions in the GI symptoms of Long COVID. Despite the positive studies included in this review, the overall search yielded few results, all of which were non-experimental. As the post-infectious sequelae of COVID-19 become better recognized in the wake of the pandemic, higher-quality clinical studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent Gawey
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Juan Yang
- Mayo Clinic, Research Services, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brent Bauer
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joanne Song
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Xiao Jing Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rochester, MN, USA
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21
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Daddi L, Dorsett Y, Geng T, Bokoliya S, Yuan H, Wang P, Xu W, Zhou Y. Baseline Gut Microbiome Signatures Correlate with Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11703. [PMID: 37511464 PMCID: PMC10380288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The powerful immune responses elicited by the mRNA vaccines targeting the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein contribute to their high efficacy. Yet, their efficacy can vary greatly between individuals. For vaccines not based on mRNA, cumulative evidence suggests that differences in the composition of the gut microbiome, which impact vaccine immunogenicity, are some of the factors that contribute to variations in efficacy. However, it is unclear if the microbiome impacts the novel mode of immunogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines. We conducted a prospective longitudinal cohort study of individuals receiving SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines where we measured levels of anti-Spike IgG and characterized microbiome composition, at pre-vaccination (baseline), and one week following the first and second immunizations. While we found that microbial diversity at all timepoints correlated with final IgG levels, only at baseline did microbial composition and predicted function correlate with vaccine immunogenicity. Specifically, the phylum Desulfobacterota and genus Bilophila, producers of immunostimulatory LPS, positively correlated with IgG, while Bacteroides was negatively correlated. KEGG predicted pathways relating to SCFA metabolism and sulfur metabolism, as well as structural components such as flagellin and capsular polysaccharides, also positively correlated with IgG levels. Consistent with these findings, depleting the microbiome with antibiotics reduced the immunogenicity of the BNT162b2 vaccine in mice. These findings suggest that gut microbiome composition impacts the immunogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Daddi
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Yair Dorsett
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Tingting Geng
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Suresh Bokoliya
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Hanshu Yuan
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Penghua Wang
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Wanli Xu
- School of Nursing, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yanjiao Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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22
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Tong J, Chen Y, He M, Wang W, Wang Y, Li N, Xia Q. The triangle relationship between human genome, gut microbiome, and COVID-19: opening of a Pandora's box. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1190939. [PMID: 37455722 PMCID: PMC10344606 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1190939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the pandemic started, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread worldwide. In patients with COVID-19, the gut microbiome (GM) has been supposed to be closely related to the progress of the disease. The gut microbiota composition and human genetic variation are also connected in COVID-19 patients, assuming a triangular relationship between the genome, GM, and COVID-19. Here, we reviewed the recent developments in the study of the relationship between gut microbiota and COVID-19. The keywords "COVID-19," "microbiome," and "genome" were used to search the literature in the PubMed database. We first found that the composition of the GM in COVID-19 patients varies according to the severity of the illness. Most obviously, Candida albicans abnormally increased while the probiotic Bifidobacterium decreased in severe cases of COVID-19. Interestingly, clinical studies have consistently emphasized that the family Lachnospiraceae plays a critical role in patients with COVID-19. Additionally, we have demonstrated the impact of microbiome-related genes on COVID-19. Specially, we focused on angiotensin-converting enzyme 2's dual functions in SARS-CoV-2 infection and gut microbiota alternation. In summary, these studies showed that the diversity of GMs is closely connected to COVID-19. A triangular relationship exists between COVID-19, the human genome, and the gut flora, suggesting that human genetic variations may offer a chance for a precise diagnosis of COVID-19, and the important relationships between genetic makeup and microbiome regulation may affect the therapy of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, School of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yuran Chen
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Mei He
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yiyang Wang
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, School of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Department of Tropical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Qianfeng Xia
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, School of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Department of Tropical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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23
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Sha A, Liu Y, Zhao X. SARS-CoV-2 and gastrointestinal diseases. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1177741. [PMID: 37323898 PMCID: PMC10267706 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1177741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, which has caused serious challenges for public health systems worldwide. Literature review SARS-CoV-2 invades not only the respiratory system, but also the digestive system, causing a variety of gastrointestinal diseases. Significance Understanding the gastrointestinal diseases caused by SARS-CoV-2, and the damage mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 to the gastrointestinal tracts and gastrointestinal glands are crucial to treating the gastrointestinal diseases caused by SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion This review summarizes the gastrointestinal diseases caused by SARS-CoV-2, including gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders, gastrointestinal ulcer diseases, gastrointestinal bleeding, and gastrointestinal thrombotic diseases, etc. Furthermore, the mechanisms of gastrointestinal injury induced by SARS-COV-2 were analyzed and summarized, and the suggestions for drug prevention and treatment were put forward for the reference of clinical workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailong Sha
- School of Teacher Education, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, China
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuewen Zhao
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, China
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24
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Halma MTJ, Plothe C, Marik P, Lawrie TA. Strategies for the Management of Spike Protein-Related Pathology. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1308. [PMID: 37317282 PMCID: PMC10222799 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In the wake of the COVID-19 crisis, a need has arisen to prevent and treat two related conditions, COVID-19 vaccine injury and long COVID-19, both of which can trace at least part of their aetiology to the spike protein, which can cause harm through several mechanisms. One significant mechanism of harm is vascular, and it is mediated by the spike protein, a common element of the COVID-19 illness, and it is related to receiving a COVID-19 vaccine. Given the significant number of people experiencing these two related conditions, it is imperative to develop treatment protocols, as well as to consider the diversity of people experiencing long COVID-19 and vaccine injury. This review summarizes the known treatment options for long COVID-19 and vaccine injury, their mechanisms, and their evidentiary basis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christof Plothe
- Center for Biophysical Osteopathy, Am Wegweiser 27, 55232 Alzey, Germany
| | - Paul Marik
- Front Line COVID-19 Critical Care Alliance (FLCCC), 2001 L St. NW Suite 500, Washington, DC 20036, USA;
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25
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Mouchati C, Durieux JC, Zisis SN, Labbato D, Rodgers MA, Ailstock K, Reinert BL, Funderburg NT, McComsey GA. Increase in gut permeability and oxidized ldl is associated with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1182544. [PMID: 37251403 PMCID: PMC10217362 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1182544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) is marked by persistent or newly developing symptoms beyond 4 weeks of infection. Investigating gut integrity, oxidized lipids and inflammatory markers is important for understanding PASC pathogenesis. Methods A cross-sectional study including COVID+ with PASC, COVID+ without PASC, and COVID-negative (COVID-) participants. We measured plasma markers by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to assess intestinal permeability (ZONULIN), microbial translocation (lipopolysaccharide-binding protein or LBP), systemic inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein or hs-CRP), and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL). Results 415 participants were enrolled in this study; 37.83% (n=157) had prior COVID diagnosis and among COVID+, 54% (n=85) had PASC. The median zonulin among COVID- was 3.37 (IQR: 2.13, 4.91) mg/mL, 3.43 (IQR: 1.65, 5.25) mg/mL among COVID+ no PASC, and highest [4.76 (IQR: 3.2, 7.35) mg/mL] among COVID+ PASC+ (p<.0001). The median ox-LDL among COVID- was 47.02 (IQR: 35.52, 62.77) U/L, 57.24 (IQR: 40.7, 75.37) U/L among COVID+ No PASC, and the highest [76.75 (IQR: 59.95, 103.28) U/L] among COVID+ PASC+ (p<.0001). COVID+ PASC+ was positively associated with zonulin (p=0.0002) and ox-LDL (p<.0001), and COVID- was negatively associated with ox-LDL (p=0.01), compared to COVID+ No PASC. Every unit increase in zonulin was associated with 44% higher predicted odds of having PASC [aOR: 1.44 (95%CI: 1.1, 1.9)] and every one-unit increase in ox-LDL was associated with more than four-fold increased odds of having PASC [aOR: 2.44 (95%CI: 1.67, 3.55)]. Conclusions PASC is associated with increased gut permeability and oxidized lipids. Further studies are needed to clarify whether these relationships are causal which could lead to targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mouchati
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jared C. Durieux
- Center for Clinical Research, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Sokratis N. Zisis
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Danielle Labbato
- Center for Clinical Research, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Michael A. Rodgers
- Center for Clinical Research, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Kate Ailstock
- Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Brian L. Reinert
- Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Nicholas T. Funderburg
- Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Grace A. McComsey
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Center for Clinical Research, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
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26
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Chen Y, Li X, Yu C, Wang E, Luo C, Jin Y, Zhang L, Ma Y, Jin Y, Yang L, Sun B, Qiao J, Zhou X, Rasche L, Einsele H, Song J, Bai T, Hou X. Gut microbiome alterations in patients with COVID-19-related coagulopathy. Ann Hematol 2023; 102:1589-1598. [PMID: 37039875 PMCID: PMC10098242 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05186-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is characterized by a predominantly prothrombotic state, which underlies severe disease and poor outcomes. Imbalances of the gut microbiome have been linked with abnormal hemostatic processes. Understanding the relationship between the gut microbiome and abnormal coagulation parameters in COVID-19 could provide a novel framework for the diagnosis and management of COVID-related coagulopathies (CRC). This cross-sectional study used shotgun metagenomic sequencing to examine the gut microbiota of patients with CRC (n = 66) and compared it to COVID control (CCs) (n = 27) and non-COVID control (NCs) (n = 22) groups. Three, 1, and 3 taxa were found enriched in CRCs, CCs, and NCs. Next, random forest models using 7 microbial biomarkers and differential clinical characteristics were constructed and achieved strong diagnostic potential in distinguishing CRC. Specifically, the most promising biomarker species for CRC were Streptococcus thermophilus, Enterococcus faecium, and Citrobacter portucalensis. Conversely, Enterobacteriaceae family and Fusicatenibacter genus are potentially protective against CRC in COVID patients. We further identified 4 species contributing to 20 MetaCyc pathways that were differentially abundant among groups, with S. thermophilus as the main coding species in CRCs. Our findings suggest that the alterations of gut microbiota compositional and functional profiles may influence the pathogenesis of CRC and that microbiota-based diagnosis and treatment could potentially benefit COVID patients in preventing and alleviating thrombosis-related clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youli Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Paediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Cheng Yu
- Ultrasonic Department, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Erchuan Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chang Luo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yu Jin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yanling Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Binlian Sun
- Wuhan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jialu Qiao
- Wuhan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Julius-Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Leo Rasche
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Julius-Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Einsele
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Julius-Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jun Song
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Tao Bai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Xiaohua Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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27
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D'Ambrosio F. Oral Mycobiome and COVID-19. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040982. [PMID: 37110405 PMCID: PMC10142434 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common signs and symptoms of COVID-19 include fever, cough, dyspnea, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, and olfactory and gustatory disturbances [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco D'Ambrosio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy
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28
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Low RN, Low RJ, Akrami A. A review of cytokine-based pathophysiology of Long COVID symptoms. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1011936. [PMID: 37064029 PMCID: PMC10103649 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1011936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Long COVID/Post Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) group includes patients with initial mild-to-moderate symptoms during the acute phase of the illness, in whom recovery is prolonged, or new symptoms are developed over months. Here, we propose a description of the pathophysiology of the Long COVID presentation based on inflammatory cytokine cascades and the p38 MAP kinase signaling pathways that regulate cytokine production. In this model, the SARS-CoV-2 viral infection is hypothesized to trigger a dysregulated peripheral immune system activation with subsequent cytokine release. Chronic low-grade inflammation leads to dysregulated brain microglia with an exaggerated release of central cytokines, producing neuroinflammation. Immunothrombosis linked to chronic inflammation with microclot formation leads to decreased tissue perfusion and ischemia. Intermittent fatigue, Post Exertional Malaise (PEM), CNS symptoms with "brain fog," arthralgias, paresthesias, dysautonomia, and GI and ophthalmic problems can consequently arise as result of the elevated peripheral and central cytokines. There are abundant similarities between symptoms in Long COVID and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). DNA polymorphisms and viral-induced epigenetic changes to cytokine gene expression may lead to chronic inflammation in Long COVID patients, predisposing some to develop autoimmunity, which may be the gateway to ME/CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan J. Low
- Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Athena Akrami
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Bell MG, Ganesh R, Bonnes SL. COVID-19, the Gut, and Nutritional Implications. Curr Nutr Rep 2023:10.1007/s13668-023-00465-0. [PMID: 36894741 PMCID: PMC9998140 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00465-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Our goal is to provide the most recent and accurate scientific evidence available regarding COVID-19's interaction with the human gut and the role of nutrition/nutritional supplementation in the prevention and treatment of the disease. RECENT FINDINGS Gastrointestinal symptoms of COVID-19 are common and often persist even after classically defined illness resolution. Nutritional status and content have been shown to impact infection risk and severity. Well-balanced diets are associated with decreased infection risk/severity, and early nutrition is associated with better outcomes in the critically ill. No specific vitamin supplementation regimen has shown consistent benefit for infection treatment or prevention. The impact of COVID-19 extends far past the pulmonary system, and its impact on the gut should not be ignored. For those interested in adopting lifestyle modifications to prevent severe COVID-19 infection/side effects, consideration should be made for adoption of a well-balanced diet (e.g., Mediterranean style), utilization of probiotics, and addressing nutritional/vitamin deficiencies. Future, high-quality research is needed in this arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Bell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ravindra Ganesh
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Sara L Bonnes
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
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Bonilla H, Peluso MJ, Rodgers K, Aberg JA, Patterson TF, Tamburro R, Baizer L, Goldman JD, Rouphael N, Deitchman A, Fine J, Fontelo P, Kim AY, Shaw G, Stratford J, Ceger P, Costantine MM, Fisher L, O’Brien L, Maughan C, Quigley JG, Gabbay V, Mohandas S, Williams D, McComsey GA. Therapeutic trials for long COVID-19: A call to action from the interventions taskforce of the RECOVER initiative. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1129459. [PMID: 36969241 PMCID: PMC10034329 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1129459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although most individuals recover from acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, a significant number continue to suffer from Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), including the unexplained symptoms that are frequently referred to as long COVID, which could last for weeks, months, or even years after the acute phase of illness. The National Institutes of Health is currently funding large multi-center research programs as part of its Researching COVID to Enhance Recover (RECOVER) initiative to understand why some individuals do not recover fully from COVID-19. Several ongoing pathobiology studies have provided clues to potential mechanisms contributing to this condition. These include persistence of SARS-CoV-2 antigen and/or genetic material, immune dysregulation, reactivation of other latent viral infections, microvascular dysfunction, and gut dysbiosis, among others. Although our understanding of the causes of long COVID remains incomplete, these early pathophysiologic studies suggest biological pathways that could be targeted in therapeutic trials that aim to ameliorate symptoms. Repurposed medicines and novel therapeutics deserve formal testing in clinical trial settings prior to adoption. While we endorse clinical trials, especially those that prioritize inclusion of the diverse populations most affected by COVID-19 and long COVID, we discourage off-label experimentation in uncontrolled and/or unsupervised settings. Here, we review ongoing, planned, and potential future therapeutic interventions for long COVID based on the current understanding of the pathobiological processes underlying this condition. We focus on clinical, pharmacological, and feasibility data, with the goal of informing future interventional research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Bonilla
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Michael J. Peluso
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kathleen Rodgers
- Center for Innovations in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Judith A. Aberg
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Chief, Division of Infectious Disease, New York, NY, United States
| | - Thomas F. Patterson
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Robert Tamburro
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lawrence Baizer
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Division of Lung Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jason D. Goldman
- Department of Medicine, Organ Transplant and Liver Center, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Nadine Rouphael
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Amelia Deitchman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey Fine
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine at New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, New York University (NYU), New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Paul Fontelo
- Applied Clinical Informatics Branch, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Arthur Y. Kim
- Department of Medicine at Harvard Medical School, Division of Infectious Disease, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gwendolyn Shaw
- Research Triangle Institute (RTI), International, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jeran Stratford
- Research Triangle Institute (RTI), International, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Patricia Ceger
- Research Triangle Institute (RTI), International, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Maged M. Costantine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Liza Fisher
- Long COVID Families, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lisa O’Brien
- Utah Covid-19 Long Haulers, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | | | - John G. Quigley
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Vilma Gabbay
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sindhu Mohandas
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David Williams
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Grace A. McComsey
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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31
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Should We Expect an Increase in the Number of Cancer Cases in People with Long COVID? Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030713. [PMID: 36985286 PMCID: PMC10051562 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between viral infections and the risk of developing cancer is well known. Multiple mechanisms participate in and determine this process. The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has resulted in the deaths of millions of people worldwide. Although the effects of COVID-19 are limited for most people, a large number of people continue to show symptoms for a long period of time (long COVID). Several studies have suggested that cancer could also be a potential long-term complication of the virus; however, the causes of this risk are not yet well understood. In this review, we investigated arguments that could support or reject this possibility.
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Li J, Jing Q, Li J, Hua M, Di L, Song C, Huang Y, Wang J, Chen C, Wu AR. Assessment of microbiota in the gut and upper respiratory tract associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:38. [PMID: 36869345 PMCID: PMC9982190 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01447-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human microbiome plays an important role in modulating the host metabolism and immune system. Connections and interactions have been found between the microbiome of the gut and oral pharynx in the context of SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections; hence, to broaden our understanding of host-viral responses in general and to deepen our knowledge of COVID-19, we performed a large-scale, systematic evaluation of the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on human microbiota in patients with varying disease severity. RESULTS We processed 521 samples from 203 COVID-19 patients with varying disease severity and 94 samples from 31 healthy donors, consisting of 213 pharyngeal swabs, 250 sputa, and 152 fecal samples, and obtained meta-transcriptomes as well as SARS-CoV-2 sequences from each sample. Detailed assessment of these samples revealed altered microbial composition and function in the upper respiratory tract (URT) and gut of COVID-19 patients, and these changes are significantly associated with disease severity. Moreover, URT and gut microbiota show different patterns of alteration, where gut microbiome seems to be more variable and in direct correlation with viral load; and microbial community in the upper respiratory tract renders a high risk of antibiotic resistance. Longitudinally, the microbial composition remains relatively stable during the study period. CONCLUSIONS Our study has revealed different trends and the relative sensitivity of microbiome in different body sites to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, while the use of antibiotics is often essential for the prevention and treatment of secondary infections, our results indicate a need to evaluate potential antibiotic resistance in the management of COVID-19 patients in the ongoing pandemic. Moreover, a longitudinal follow-up to monitor the restoration of the microbiome could enhance our understanding of the long-term effects of COVID-19. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Li
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Qiuyu Jing
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Mingxi Hua
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Lin Di
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chuan Song
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Yanyi Huang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing, 100871, China
- Institute for Cell Analysis, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Guangdong, 518132, China
| | - Jianbin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Biomedical Innovation Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100038, Beijing, China.
| | - Angela Ruohao Wu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R., China.
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R., China.
- Hong Kong Branch of Guangdong Southern Marine Science and Engineering Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R., China.
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33
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Islam MS, Wang Z, Abdel-Mohsen M, Chen X, Montaner LJ. Tissue injury and leukocyte changes in post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2: review of 2833 post-acute patient outcomes per immune dysregulation and microbial translocation in long COVID. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 113:236-254. [PMID: 36807444 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant number of persons with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) experience persistent, recurrent, or new symptoms several months after the acute stage of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This phenomenon, termed post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) or long COVID, is associated with high viral titers during acute infection, a persistently hyperactivated immune system, tissue injury by NETosis-induced micro-thrombofibrosis (NETinjury), microbial translocation, complement deposition, fibrotic macrophages, the presence of autoantibodies, and lymphopenic immune environments. Here, we review the current literature on the immunological imbalances that occur during PASC. Specifically, we focus on data supporting common immunopathogenesis and tissue injury mechanisms shared across this highly heterogenous disorder, including NETosis, coagulopathy, and fibrosis. Mechanisms include changes in leukocyte subsets/functions, fibroblast activation, cytokine imbalances, lower cortisol, autoantibodies, co-pathogen reactivation, and residual immune activation driven by persistent viral antigens and/or microbial translocation. Taken together, we develop the premise that SARS-CoV-2 infection results in PASC as a consequence of acute and/or persistent single or multiple organ injury mediated by PASC determinants to include the degree of host responses (inflammation, NETinjury), residual viral antigen (persistent antigen), and exogenous factors (microbial translocation). Determinants of PASC may be amplified by comorbidities, age, and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sahidul Islam
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa 999078, University of Macau, Macau S.A.R., China
| | - Zhaoxiong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa 999078, University of Macau, Macau S.A.R., China
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Mohsen
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa 999078, University of Macau, Macau S.A.R., China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa 999078, Macau S.A.R., China.,MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa 999078, Macau S.A.R., China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Research Building N22, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa 999078, Macau S.A.R., China
| | - Luis J Montaner
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
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Liu Y, Chen L, Ma T, Li X, Zheng M, Zhou X, Chen L, Qian X, Xi J, Lu H, Cao H, Ma X, Bian B, Zhang P, Wu J, Gan R, Jia B, Sun L, Ju Z, Gao Y, Wen T, Chen T. EasyAmplicon: An easy-to-use, open-source, reproducible, and community-based pipeline for amplicon data analysis in microbiome research. IMETA 2023; 2:e83. [PMID: 38868346 PMCID: PMC10989771 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
It is difficult for beginners to learn and use amplicon analysis software because there are so many software tools to choose from, and all of them need multiple steps of operation. Herein, we provide a cross-platform, open-source, and community-supported analysis pipeline EasyAmplicon. EasyAmplicon has most of the modules needed for an amplicon analysis, including data quality control, merging of paired-end reads, dereplication, clustering or denoising, chimera detection, generation of feature tables, taxonomic diversity analysis, compositional analysis, biomarker discovery, and publication-quality visualization. EasyAmplicon includes more than 30 cross-platform modules and R packages commonly used in the field. All steps of the pipeline are integrated into RStudio, which reduces learning costs, keeps the flexibility of the analysis process, and facilitates personalized analysis. The pipeline is maintained and updated by the authors and editors of WeChat official account "Meta-genome." Our team will regularly release the latest tutorials both in Chinese and English, read the feedback from users, and provide help to them in the WeChat account and GitHub. The pipeline can be deployed on various platforms, and the installation time is less than half an hour. On an ordinary laptop, the whole analysis process for dozens of samples can be completed within 3 h. The pipeline is available at GitHub (https://github.com/YongxinLiu/EasyAmplicon) and Gitee (https://gitee.com/YongxinLiu/EasyAmplicon).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong‐Xin Liu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fu Xing HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Tengfei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystems, Centre for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Centre for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShijiazhuangChina
| | - Maosheng Zheng
- College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xin Zhou
- Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Liang Chen
- Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xubo Qian
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Jinhua HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineJinhuaZhejiangChina
| | - Jiao Xi
- College of Natural Resources and EnvironmentNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Hongye Lu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of MedicineStomatology HospitalHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Huiluo Cao
- Department of MicrobiologyUniversity of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Xiaoya Ma
- Center of Excellence in Fungal ResearchMae Fah Luang UniversityChiang RaiThailand
| | - Bian Bian
- Graduate School of Frontier SciencesUniversity of TokyoChibaJapan
| | - Pengfan Zhang
- Department of Plant‐Microbe InteractionsMax Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchCologneGermany
| | - Jiqiu Wu
- APC Microbiome InstituteUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Ren‐You Gan
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Baolei Jia
- Department of Life ScienceChung‐Ang UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Linyang Sun
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Zhicheng Ju
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Yunyun Gao
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Tao Wen
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic‐Based FertilizersNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Tong Chen
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia MedicaChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina
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Kim JG, Zhang A, Rauseo AM, Goss CW, Mudd PA, O'Halloran JA, Wang L. The salivary and nasopharyngeal microbiomes are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease severity. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28445. [PMID: 36583481 PMCID: PMC9880756 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests the oral and upper respiratory microbiota may play important roles in modulating host immune responses to viral infection. As the host microbiome may be involved in the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we investigated associations between the oral and nasopharyngeal microbiome and COVID-19 severity. We collected saliva (n = 78) and nasopharyngeal swab (n = 66) samples from a COVID-19 cohort and characterized the microbiomes using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. We also examined associations between the salivary and nasopharyngeal microbiome and age, COVID-19 symptoms, and blood cytokines. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection status, but not COVID-19 severity, was associated with community-level differences in the oral and nasopharyngeal microbiomes. Salivary and nasopharyngeal microbiome alpha diversity negatively correlated with age and were associated with fever and diarrhea. Oral Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Solobacterium were depleted in patients with severe COVID-19. Nasopharyngeal Paracoccus was depleted while nasopharyngeal Proteus, Cupravidus, and Lactobacillus were increased in patients with severe COVID-19. Further analysis revealed that the abundance of oral Bifidobacterium was negatively associated with plasma concentrations of known COVID-19 biomarkers interleukin 17F and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Our results suggest COVID-19 disease severity is associated with the relative abundance of certain bacterial taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh G. Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and ImmunologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Ai Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and ImmunologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Adriana M. Rauseo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious DiseasesWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Charles W. Goss
- Division of BiostatisticsWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Philip A. Mudd
- Department of Emergency MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Jane A. O'Halloran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious DiseasesWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Leyao Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and ImmunologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
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Vitiello A, Ferrara F, Zovi A. The direct correlation between microbiota and SARS-CoV-2 infectious disease. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:603-610. [PMID: 36725821 PMCID: PMC9891758 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The human microbiota is the good part of the human organism and is a collection of symbiotic microorganisms which aid in human physiological functions. Diseases that can be generated by an altered microbiota are continuously being studied, but it is quite evident how a damaged microbiota is involved in chronic inflammatory diseases, psychiatric diseases, and some bacterial or viral infections. However, the role of the microbiota in the host immune response to bacterial and viral infections is still not entirely understood. Metabolites or components which are produced by the microbiota are useful in mediating microbiota-host interactions, thus influencing the host's immune capacity. Recent evidence shows that the microbiota is evidently altered in patients with viral infections such as post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS). In this review, the associations between microbiota and COVID-19 infection are highlighted in terms of biological and clinical significance by emphasizing the mechanisms through which metabolites produced by the microbiota modulate immune responses to COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Ferrara
- Pharmaceutical Department, Asl Napoli 3 Sud, Dell’amicizia Street 22, 80035 Nola, Naples Italy
| | - Andrea Zovi
- Ministry of Health, Viale Giorgio Ribotta 5, 00144 Rome, Italy
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37
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Liang S, Wang L, Wu X, Hu X, Wang T, Jin F. The different trends in the burden of neurological and mental disorders following dietary transition in China, the USA, and the world: An extension analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Front Nutr 2023; 9:957688. [PMID: 36698474 PMCID: PMC9869872 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.957688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The highly processed western diet is substituting the low-processed traditional diet in the last decades globally. Increasing research found that a diet with poor quality such as western diet disrupts gut microbiota and increases the susceptibility to various neurological and mental disorders, while a balanced diet regulates gut microbiota and prevents and alleviates the neurological and mental disorders. Yet, there is limited research on the association between the disease burden expanding of neurological and mental disorders with a dietary transition. Methods We compared the disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) trend by age for neurological and mental disorders in China, in the United States of America (USA), and across the world from 1990 to 2019, evaluated the dietary transition in the past 60 years, and analyzed the association between the burden trend of the two disorders with the changes in diet composition and food production. Results We identified an age-related upward pattern in disease burden in China. Compared with the USA and the world, the Chinese neurological and mental disorders DALY percent was least in the generation over 75 but rapidly increased in younger generations and surpassed the USA and/or the world in the last decades. The age-related upward pattern in Chinese disease burdens had not only shown in the presence of cardiovascular diseases, neoplasms, and diabetes mellitus but also appeared in the presence of depressive disorders, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, schizophrenia, headache disorders, anxiety disorders, conduct disorders, autism spectrum disorders, and eating disorders, successively. Additionally, the upward trend was associated with the dramatic dietary transition including a reduction in dietary quality and food production sustainability, during which the younger generation is more affected than the older. Following the increase in total calorie intake, alcohol intake, ratios of animal to vegetal foods, and poultry meat to pulses, the burdens of the above diseases continuously rose. Then, following the rise of the ratios of meat to pulses, eggs to pulses, and pork to pulses, the usage of fertilizers, the farming density of pigs, and the burdens of the above disease except diabetes mellitus were also ever-increasing. Even the usage of pesticides was positively correlated with the burdens of Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, cardiovascular diseases, and neoplasms. Contrary to China, the corresponding burdens of the USA trended to reduce with the improvements in diet quality and food production sustainability. Discussion Our results suggest that improving diet quality and food production sustainability might be a promising way to stop the expanding burdens of neurological and mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Gut-brain Psychology Laboratory, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Shan Liang,
| | - Li Wang
- Department for the History of Science and Scientific Archaeology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Gut-brain Psychology Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Gut-brain Psychology Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Gut-brain Psychology Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Gut-brain Psychology Laboratory, Beijing, China,Feng Jin,
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38
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Nardelli C, Scaglione GL, Testa D, Setaro M, Russo F, Di Domenico C, Atripaldi L, Zollo M, Corrado F, Salvatore P, Pinchera B, Gentile I, Capoluongo E. Nasal Microbiome in COVID-19: A Potential Role of Corynebacterium in Anosmia. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:53. [PMID: 36583787 PMCID: PMC9802018 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03106-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The evolution and the development of the symptoms of Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) are due to different factors, where the microbiome plays a relevant role. The possible relationships between the gut, lung, nasopharyngeal, and oral microbiome with COVID-19 have been investigated. We analyzed the nasal microbiome of both positive and negative SARS-CoV-2 individuals, showing differences in terms of bacterial composition in this niche of respiratory tract. The microbiota solution A (Arrow Diagnostics) was used to cover the hypervariable V1-V3 regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. MicrobAT Suite and MicrobiomeAnalyst program were used to identify the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and to perform the statistical analysis, respectively. The main taxa identified in nasal microbiome of COVID-19 patients and in Healthy Control subjects belonged to three distinct phyla: Proteobacteria (HC = 14%, Cov19 = 35.8%), Firmicutes (HC = 28.8%, Cov19 = 30.6%), and Actinobacteria (HC = 56.7%, Cov19 = 14.4%) with a relative abundance > 1% in all groups. A significant reduction of Actinobacteria in Cov19 group compared to controls (P < 0.001, FDR = 0.01) was found. The significant reduction of Actinobacteria was identified in all taxonomic levels down to the genus (P < 0.01) using the ANOVA test. Indeed, a significantly reduced relative abundance of Corynebacterium was found in the patients compared to healthy controls (P = 0.001). Reduced abundance of Corynebacterium has been widely associated with anosmia, a common symptom of COVID-19 as suffered from our patients. Contrastingly, the Corynebacterium genus was highly represented in the nasal mucosa of healthy subjects. Further investigations on larger cohorts are necessary to establish functional relationships between nasal microbiota content and clinical features of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Nardelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.a R.L., Naples, Italy
- Task Force On Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Luca Scaglione
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.a R.L., Naples, Italy
- Istituto Dermopatico Dell'Immacolata IDI-IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Testa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Setaro
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.a R.L., Naples, Italy
| | - Filippo Russo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.a R.L., Naples, Italy
| | | | - Lidia Atripaldi
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, AORN Ospedale Dei Colli, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Zollo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.a R.L., Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Corrado
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Salvatore
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.a R.L., Naples, Italy
| | - Biagio Pinchera
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ivan Gentile
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ettore Capoluongo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Genomics, Azienda Ospedaliera Per L'Emergenza Cannizzaro, Catania, Italy.
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Yao Y, Liu ZJ, Zhang YK, Sun HJ. Mechanism and potential treatments for gastrointestinal dysfunction in patients with COVID-19. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:6811-6826. [PMID: 36632313 PMCID: PMC9827583 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i48.6811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become one of the biggest threats to the world since 2019. The respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts are the main targets for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection for they highly express angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 and transmembrane protease serine 2. In patients suffering from COVID-19, gastrointestinal symptoms have ranged from 12% to 61%. Anorexia, nausea and/or vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain are considered to be the main gastrointestinal symptoms of COVID-19. It has been reported that the direct damage of intestinal mucosal epithelial cells, malnutrition, and intestinal flora disorders are involved in COVID-19. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Thus, in this study, we reviewed and discussed the correlated mechanisms that cause gastrointestinal symptoms in order to help to develop the treatment strategy and build an appropriate guideline for medical workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, College of Basic Medical, Chongqing 404120, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
- Ministry of Public Infrastructure, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 404120, China
| | - Zhu-Jun Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, College of Basic Medical, Chongqing 404120, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 404120, China
- Department of Business Administration, Metropolitan College of Science and Technology, Chongqing 404120, China
| | - Yu-Kun Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, College of Basic Medical, Chongqing 404120, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hui-Jun Sun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, College of Basic Medical, Chongqing 404120, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
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Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Patients Co-Infected with SARS-CoV2 and Clostridioides difficile. Biomedicines 2022; 11:biomedicines11010007. [PMID: 36672518 PMCID: PMC9855959 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the treatment of Clostridioides Difficile (CD)-infected patients given the increasing number of co-infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this context, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) shows promise in modulating the immune system’s function and alleviating the burdens associated with this condition. Methods: To achieve this goal, we performed a comparative, retrospective, single-center study on 86 patients (admitted between January 2020 and March 2022). We based our approach on specific inclusion criteria: 1. The study group included 46 co-infected patients (COVID-19 and CD) receiving antibiotics and FMT; 2. In the control group, 40 co-infected patients received antibiotics only. Our results showed no significant group differences in terms of gender, age, risk factors such as cardiovascular and neurological diseases, type 2 diabetes, and obesity (p > 0.05), or in pre-treatment inflammatory status, evaluated by white blood cell (WBC) count and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. We report a significant decrease in inflammatory syndrome (CRP, WBC) in coinfected patients receiving FMT in addition to antibiotics (p < 0.05), with a lower relapse rate and mitigation of cramping and abdominal pain (91.3%). In addition, a higher level of fibrinogen, persistent moderate abdominal pain (82.5%), and a significantly higher CD infection relapse rate (42.5%) were recorded in co-infected patients treated only with antibiotics (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our study provides new data to support the multiple benefits of FMT in the case of COVID-19 and CD co-infection by improving patients’ quality of life and inflammatory syndrome.
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Hazan S, Dave S, Papoutsis AJ, Deshpande N, Howell MC, Martin LM. Vitamin C improves gut Bifidobacteria in humans. Future Microbiol 2022. [PMID: 36475828 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Numerous beneficial effects of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) supplementation have been reported in the literature. However, data on its effects toward the gut microbiome are limited. We assessed the effect of vitamin C supplementation on the abundance of beneficial bacterial species in the gut microbiome. Materials and methods: Stool samples were analyzed for relative abundance of gut microbiome bacteria using next-generation sequencing-based profiling and metagenomic shotgun analysis. Results: Supplementation with vitamin C increased the abundance of bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium (p = 0.0001) and affected various species. Conclusion: The beneficial effects of vitamin C supplementation may be attributed to modulation of the gut microbiome and the consequent health benefits thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Hazan
- ProgenaBIome, LLC, Ventura, CA 93003, USA
- Mcrobiome Research Foundation, Ventura, CA 93003, USA
| | - Sonya Dave
- Mcrobiome Research Foundation, Ventura, CA 93003, USA
| | | | | | | | - Leisha Ma Martin
- Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Department of Life Sciences, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
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Mazzarelli A, Giancola ML, Fontana A, Piselli P, Binda E, Trivieri N, Mencarelli G, Marchioni L, Vulcano A, De Giuli C, Panebianco C, Villani A, Copetti M, Perri F, Fontana C, Nicastri E, Pazienza V. Gut microbiota composition in COVID-19 hospitalized patients with mild or severe symptoms. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1049215. [PMID: 36560946 PMCID: PMC9763305 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1049215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aimCOVID-19, the infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus that has been causing a severe pandemic worldwide for more than 2 years, is characterized by a high heterogeneity of clinical presentations and evolution and, particularly, by a varying severity of respiratory involvement. This study aimed to analyze the diversity and taxonomic composition of the gut microbiota at hospital admission, in order to evaluate its association with COVID-19 outcome. In particular, the association between gut microbiota and a combination of several clinical covariates was analyzed in order to characterize the bacterial signature associate to mild or severe symptoms during the SARS-CoV-2 infection.Materials and methodsV3–V4 hypervariable region of 16S rRNA gene sequencing of 97 rectal swabs from a retrospective cohort of COVID-19 hospitalized patients was employed to study the gut microbiota composition. Patients were divided in two groups according to their outcome considering the respiratory supports they needed during hospital stay: (i) group “mild,” including 47 patients with a good prognosis and (ii) group “severe,” including 50 patients who experienced a more severe disease due to severe respiratory distress that required non-invasive or invasive ventilation. Identification of the clusters of bacterial population between patients with mild or severe outcome was assessed by PEnalized LOgistic Regression Analysis (PELORA).ResultsAlthough no changes for Chao1 and Shannon index were observed between the two groups a significant greater proportion of Campylobacterota and Actinobacteriota at phylum level was found in patients affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection who developed a more severe disease characterized by respiratory distress requiring invasive or non-invasive ventilation. Clusters have been identified with a useful early potential prognostic marker of the disease evolution.DiscussionMicroorganisms residing within the gut of the patients at hospital admission, were able to significantly discriminate the clinical evolution of COVID-19 patients, in particular who will develop mild or severe respiratory involvement. Our data show that patients affected by SARS-CoV-2 with mild or severe symptoms display different gut microbiota profiles which can be exploited as potential prognostic biomarkers paving also the way to new integrative therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Mazzarelli
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, INMI “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Giancola
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, INMI “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Fontana
- Biostatistic Unit, Fondazione-IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Pierluca Piselli
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, INMI “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Binda
- Cancer Stem Cells Unit, Institute for Stem Cell Biologyl, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (ISBReMIT), Fondazione-IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, Opera di San Pio da Pietrelcina, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Nadia Trivieri
- Cancer Stem Cells Unit, Institute for Stem Cell Biologyl, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (ISBReMIT), Fondazione-IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, Opera di San Pio da Pietrelcina, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Gandino Mencarelli
- Cancer Stem Cells Unit, Institute for Stem Cell Biologyl, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (ISBReMIT), Fondazione-IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, Opera di San Pio da Pietrelcina, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Luisa Marchioni
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, INMI “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Vulcano
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, INMI “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara De Giuli
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, INMI “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta Panebianco
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione-IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Annacandida Villani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione-IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Copetti
- Biostatistic Unit, Fondazione-IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Francesco Perri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione-IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Carla Fontana
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, INMI “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Nicastri
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, INMI “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, IRCCS, Rome, Italy,*Correspondence: Emanuele Nicastri,
| | - Valerio Pazienza
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione-IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy,Valerio Pazienza,
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Zhang F, Aschenbrenner D, Yoo JY, Zuo T. The gut mycobiome in health, disease, and clinical applications in association with the gut bacterial microbiome assembly. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2022; 3:e969-e983. [PMID: 36182668 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(22)00203-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The gut mycobiome (fungi) is a small but crucial component of the gut microbiome in humans. Intestinal fungi regulate host homoeostasis, pathophysiological and physiological processes, and the assembly of the co-residing gut bacterial microbiome. Over the past decade, accumulating studies have characterised the gut mycobiome in health and several pathological conditions. We review the compositional and functional diversity of the gut mycobiome in healthy populations from birth to adulthood. We describe factors influencing the gut mycobiome and the roles of intestinal fungi-especially Candida and Saccharomyces spp-in diseases and therapies with a particular focus on their synergism with the gut bacterial microbiome and host immunity. Finally, we discuss the underappreciated effects of gut fungi in clinical implications, and highlight future microbiome-based therapies that harness the tripartite relationship among the gut mycobiome, bacterial microbiome, and host immunity, aiming to restore a core gut mycobiome and microbiome and to improve clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dominik Aschenbrenner
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ji Youn Yoo
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Tao Zuo
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yatsen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Laboratory Animals Centre, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yatsen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Rossini V, Tolosa-Enguis V, Frances-Cuesta C, Sanz Y. Gut microbiome and anti-viral immunity in COVID-19. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4587-4602. [PMID: 36382631 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2143476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 mainly affects the respiratory system, but the gastrointestinal tract is also a target. Prolonged gut disorders, in COVID-19 patients, were correlated with decreased richness and diversity of the gut microbiota, immune deregulation and delayed viral clearance. Although there are no definitive conclusions, ample evidence would suggest that the gut microbiome composition and function play a role in COVID-19 progression. Microbiome modulation strategies for population stratification and management of COVID-19 infection are under investigation, representing an area of interest in the ongoing pandemic. In this review, we present the existing data related to the interaction between gut microbes and the host's immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and discuss the implications for current disease management and readiness to face future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Rossini
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - V Tolosa-Enguis
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - C Frances-Cuesta
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Y Sanz
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
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Iesanu MI, Zahiu CDM, Dogaru IA, Chitimus DM, Pircalabioru GG, Voiculescu SE, Isac S, Galos F, Pavel B, O’Mahony SM, Zagrean AM. Melatonin-Microbiome Two-Sided Interaction in Dysbiosis-Associated Conditions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2244. [PMID: 36421432 PMCID: PMC9686962 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a pineal indolamine, allegedly known as a circadian rhythm regulator, and an antioxidative and immunomodulatory molecule. In both experimental and clinical trials, melatonin has been shown to have positive effects in various pathologies, as a modulator of important biochemical pathways including inflammation, oxidative stress, cell injury, apoptosis, and energy metabolism. The gut represents one of melatonin's most abundant extra pineal sources, with a 400-times-higher concentration than the pineal gland. The importance of the gut microbial community-namely, the gut microbiota, in multiple critical functions of the organism- has been extensively studied throughout time, and its imbalance has been associated with a variety of human pathologies. Recent studies highlight a possible gut microbiota-modulating role of melatonin, with possible implications for the treatment of these pathologies. Consequently, melatonin might prove to be a valuable and versatile therapeutic agent, as it is well known to elicit positive functions on the microbiota in many dysbiosis-associated conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease, chronodisruption-induced dysbiosis, obesity, and neuropsychiatric disorders. This review intends to lay the basis for a deeper comprehension of melatonin, gut microbiota, and host-health subtle interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Ioana Iesanu
- Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pediatrics, Marie Curie Emergency Children’s Hospital, 041451 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Denise Mihaela Zahiu
- Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana-Alexandra Dogaru
- Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Diana Maria Chitimus
- Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gratiela Gradisteanu Pircalabioru
- Section Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 54 Splaiul Independentei Street, District 5, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Suzana Elena Voiculescu
- Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sebastian Isac
- Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care I, ‘Fundeni’ Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Felicia Galos
- Department of Pediatrics, Marie Curie Emergency Children’s Hospital, 041451 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pediatrics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Pavel
- Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Siobhain M. O’Mahony
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
| | - Ana-Maria Zagrean
- Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
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Abstract
The fast spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic and its high mortality were quickly noticed by the health community. B vitamins are essential micronutrients for the body with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immune-regulating properties. The present study can provide a comprehensive picture of the associations between B vitamins and COVID-19 incidence. This study was undertaken on 9189 adult participants of the Yazd Health Study (YaHS) and Taghzieh Mardom-e-Yazd (TAMIZ) study aged 20 to 69 years. Data on dietary intakes were obtained using a validated FFQ. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between B vitamins and COVID-19. Our findings indicated that participants in the fourth quartile of vitamin B5 intake compared with the first quartile had a protective effect against COVID-19 (OR: 0·53, 95 % CI 0·28, 0·99, P-trend = 0·02) after adjustment for all possible confounds in model 3. In addition, participants in the third quartile of vitamin B12 intake compared with the first quartile (OR: 0·63, 95 % CI 0·40, 0·98, P-trend = 0·11) had fewer odds of COVID-19 after full adjustments for confounders. Our findings indicated no significant relationship between dietary intake of vitamin B1, B2, B3, B9 and B-complex and COVID-19. A higher intake of vitamin B5 could reduce the odds of COVID-19 by 47 %, and a moderate intake of vitamin B12 had a protective effect on COVID-19. Although our study has promising results, stronger clinical studies are needed.
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Ahmadi Badi S, Malek A, Paolini A, Rouhollahi Masoumi M, Seyedi SA, Amanzadeh A, Masotti A, Khatami S, Siadat SD. Downregulation of ACE, AGTR1, and ACE2 genes mediating SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis by gut microbiota members and their postbiotics on Caco-2 cells. Microb Pathog 2022; 173:105798. [PMID: 36174833 PMCID: PMC9511898 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a complex infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that can cause also gastrointestinal symptoms. There are various factors that determine the host susceptibility and severity of infection, including the renin-angiotensin system, the immune response, and the gut microbiota. In this regard, we aimed to investigate the gene expression of ACE, AGTR1, ACE2, and TMPRSS2, which mediate SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis by Akkermansia muciniphila, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, and Bacteroides fragilis on Caco-2 cells. Also, the enrichment analysis considering the studied genes was analyzed on raw data from the microarray analysis of COVID-19 patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Caco-2 cells were treated with live, heat-inactivated form and cell free supernatants of A. muciniphila, F. prausnitzii, B. thetaiotaomicron and B. fragilis for overnight. After RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, the expression of studied genes was assessed by RT-qPCR. DNA methylation of studied genes was analyzed by Partek® Genomics Suite® software on the GSE174818 dataset. We used GSE164805 and GSE166552 datasets from COVID-19 patients to perform enrichment analysis by considering the mentioned genes via GEO2R, DAVID. Finally, the related microRNAs to GO terms concerned on the studied genes were identified by miRPath. RESULTS The downregulation of ACE, AGTR1, and ACE2 genes by A. muciniphila, F. prausnitzii, B. thetaiotaomicron, and B. fragilis in live, heat-inactivated, and cell-free supernatants was reported for the first time. These genes had hypomethylated DNA status in COVID-19 patients' raw data. The highest fold enrichment in upregulated RAS pathways and immune responses belonged to ACE, AGTR1, and ACE2 by considering the protein-protein interaction network. The common miRNAs targeting the studied genes were reported as miR-124-3p and miR-26b-5p. In combination with our experimental data and bioinformatic analysis, we showed the potential of A. muciniphila, F. prausnitzii, B. thetaiotaomicron, and B. fragilis and postbiotics to reduce ACE, ATR1, and ACE2 expression, which are essential genes that drive upregulated biological processes in COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSION Accordingly, due to the potential of studied bacteria on the alteration of ACE, AGTR1, ACE2 genes expression, understanding their correlation with demonstrated miRNAs expression could be valuable. These findings suggest the importance of considering targeted gut microbiota intervention when designing the possible therapeutic strategy for controlling the COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ahmadi Badi
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amin Malek
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alessandro Paolini
- Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù-IRCCS, Research Laboratories, V.le di San Paolo 15, 00146, Rome, Italy.
| | - Mahya Rouhollahi Masoumi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Amirhesam Seyedi
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Amanzadeh
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Andrea Masotti
- Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù-IRCCS, Research Laboratories, V.le di San Paolo 15, 00146, Rome, Italy.
| | - Shohreh Khatami
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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48
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Averyanov AV, Danilevskaya OV. Diffuse Lung Disease in Convalescents of COVID-19. HERALD OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 2022; 92:412-417. [PMID: 36091843 PMCID: PMC9447983 DOI: 10.1134/s1019331622040037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The most common causes of diffuse interstitial lung damage following COVID-19, often either imitate it but have a different nature or remain due to prolonged persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in the lower respiratory tract. A diagnostic algorithm is proposed to make mostly a correct diagnosis, the key element of which is study of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. V. Averyanov
- Pulmonology Research Institute, Federal Medical‒Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - O. V. Danilevskaya
- Pulmonology Research Institute, Federal Medical‒Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
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49
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Ma Y, Luo M, Deng Y, Yang X, Wang X, Chen G, Qin Z, Deng Y, Nan M, Chen Y, Wang P, Wei H, Han L, Fang X, Liu Z. Antibiotic-Induced Primary Biles Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Endoribonuclease Nsp15 Activity in Mouse Gut. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:896504. [PMID: 35967852 PMCID: PMC9366059 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.896504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome profile of COVID-19 patients was found to correlate with a viral load of SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 severity, and dysfunctional immune responses, suggesting that gut microbiota may be involved in anti-infection. In order to investigate the role of gut microbiota in anti-infection against SARS-CoV-2, we established a high-throughput in vitro screening system for COVID-19 therapeutics by targeting the endoribonuclease (Nsp15). We also evaluated the activity inhibition of the target by substances of intestinal origin, using a mouse model in an attempt to explore the interactions between gut microbiota and SARS-CoV-2. The results unexpectedly revealed that antibiotic treatment induced the appearance of substances with Nsp15 activity inhibition in the intestine of mice. Comprehensive analysis based on functional profiling of the fecal metagenomes and endoribonuclease assay of antibiotic-enriched bacteria and metabolites demonstrated that the Nsp15 inhibitors were the primary bile acids that accumulated in the gut as a result of antibiotic-induced deficiency of bile acid metabolizing microbes. This study provides a new perspective on the development of COVID-19 therapeutics using primary bile acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Ma
- Department of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mei Luo
- Department of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yusheng Deng
- Department of Scientific Research, KMHD, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoman Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xionglue Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guozhong Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zixin Qin
- Department of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Deng
- Department of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meiling Nan
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peihui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijuan Han
- Department of Scientific Research, KMHD, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhi Liu, ; Xiaodong Fang, ; Lijuan Han,
| | - Xiaodong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhi Liu, ; Xiaodong Fang, ; Lijuan Han,
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhi Liu, ; Xiaodong Fang, ; Lijuan Han,
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50
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Hazan S. Microbiome-Based Hypothesis on Ivermectin's Mechanism in COVID-19: Ivermectin Feeds Bifidobacteria to Boost Immunity. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:952321. [PMID: 35898916 PMCID: PMC9309549 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.952321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ivermectin is an anti-parasitic agent that has gained attention as a potential COVID-19 therapeutic. It is a compound of the type Avermectin, which is a fermented by-product of Streptomyces avermitilis. Bifidobacterium is a member of the same phylum as Streptomyces spp., suggesting it may have a symbiotic relation with Streptomyces. Decreased Bifidobacterium levels are observed in COVID-19 susceptibility states, including old age, autoimmune disorder, and obesity. We hypothesize that Ivermectin, as a by-product of Streptomyces fermentation, is capable of feeding Bifidobacterium, thereby possibly preventing against COVID-19 susceptibilities. Moreover, Bifidobacterium may be capable of boosting natural immunity, offering more direct COVID-19 protection. These data concord with our study, as well as others, that show Ivermectin protects against COVID-19.
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