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Huo Q, Chen C, Liao J, Zeng Q, Nie G, Zhang B. Application of self-assembly palladium single-atom nanozyme over polyoxometalates in protection against neomycin-induced hearing loss by inhibiting ferroptosis. Biomaterials 2024; 311:122665. [PMID: 38875882 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Deafness mainly results from irreversible impairment of hair cells (HCs), which may relate to oxidative stress, yet therapeutical solutions is lacked due to limited understanding on the exact molecular mechanism. Herein, mimicking the molecular structure of natural enzymes, a palladium (Pd) single-atom nanozyme (SAN) was fabricated, exhibiting superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, transforming reactive oxygen species (ROS) into O2 and H2O. We examined the involvement of Pd in neomycin-induced HCs loss in vitro and in vivo over zebrafish. Our results revealed that neomycin treatment induced apoptosis in HCs, resulting in substantial of ROS elevation in HEI-OC1 cells, decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, and increase in lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation, ultimately leading to iron-mediated cell death. Noteworthy, Pd SAN treatment exhibited significant protective effects against HCs damage and impaired HCs function in zebrafish by inhibiting ferroptosis. Furthermore, the application of iron death inducer RSL3 resulted in notable exacerbation of neomycin-induced harm, which was mitigated by Pd administration. Our investigation demonstrates that antioxidants is promising for inhibiting ferroptosis and repairing of mitochondrial function in HCs and the enzyme-mimic SAN provides a good strategy for designing drugs alleviating neomycin-induced ototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Huo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanozymes and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanozymes and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Jiahao Liao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanozymes and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Qingdong Zeng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanozymes and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Guohui Nie
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanozymes and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanozymes and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China.
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Hu S, Sun Q, Xu F, Jiang N, Gao J. Age-related hearing loss and its potential drug candidates: a systematic review. Chin Med 2023; 18:121. [PMID: 37730634 PMCID: PMC10512576 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00825-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is one of the main illnesses afflicting the aged population and has a significant negative impact on society, economy, and health. However, there is presently no appropriate therapeutic treatment of ARHL due to the absence of comprehensive trials. OBJECTIVES The goal of this review is to systematically evaluate and analyze recent statistics on the pathologic classifications, risk factors, treatment strategies, and drug candidates of ARHL, including that from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), to provide potential new approaches for preventing and treating ARHL. METHODS Literature related to ARHL was conducted in databases such as PubMed, WOS, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang from the establishment of the database to Jan, 2023. The pathology, causal factor, pathophysiological mechanism, treatment strategy, and the drug candidate of ARHL were extracted and pooled for synthesis. RESULTS Many hypotheses about the etiology of ARHL are based on genetic and environmental elements. Most of the current research on the pathology of ARHL focuses on oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, cochlear blood flow, ion homeostasis, etc. In TCM, herbs belonging to the kidney, lung, and liver meridians exhibit good hearing protection. Seven herbs belonging to the kidney meridian, 9 belonging to the lung meridian, and 4 belonging to the liver meridian were ultimately retrieved in this review, such as Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., Panax ginseng C.A. Mey, and Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi. Their active compounds, 2,3,4',5-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-D-glucoside, ginsenoside Rb1, and puerarin, may act as the molecular substance for their anti-ARHL efficacy, and show anti-oxidative, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, or mitochondrial protective effects. CONCLUSION Anti-oxidants, modulators of mitochondrial function, anti-inflammation agents, vasodilators, K+ channel openers, Ca2+ channel blockers, JNK inhibitors, and nerve growth factors/neurotrophic factors all contribute to hearing protection, and herbs are an important source of potential anti-ARHL drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingru Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ninghua Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianli Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Uribe PM, Hudson AM, Lockard G, Jiang M, Harding J, Steyger PS, Coffin AB. Hepatocyte growth factor mimetic confers protection from aminoglycoside-induced hair cell death in vitro. Hear Res 2023; 434:108786. [PMID: 37192594 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2023.108786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Loss of sensory hair cells from exposure to certain licit drugs, such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, can result in permanent hearing damage. Exogenous application of the neurotrophic molecule hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) promotes neuronal cell survival in a variety of contexts, including protecting hair cells from aminoglycoside ototoxicity. HGF itself is not an ideal therapeutic due to a short half-life and limited blood-brain barrier permeability. MM-201 is a chemically stable, blood-brain barrier permeable, synthetic HGF mimetic that serves as a functional ligand to activate the HGF receptor and its downstream signaling cascade. We previously demonstrated that MM-201 robustly protects zebrafish lateral line hair cells from aminoglycoside ototoxicity. Here, we examined the ability of MM-201 to protect mammalian sensory hair cells from aminoglycoside damage to further evaluate MM-201's clinical potential. We found that MM-201 exhibited dose-dependent protection from neomycin and gentamicin ototoxicity in mature mouse utricular explants. MM-201's protection was reduced following inhibition of mTOR, a downstream target of HGF receptor activation, implicating the activation of endogenous intracellular substrates by MM-201 as critical for the observed protection. We then asked if MM-201 altered the bactericidal properties of aminoglycosides. Using either plate or liquid growth assays we found that MM-201 did not alter the bactericidal efficacy of aminoglycoside antibiotics at therapeutically relevant concentrations. We therefore assessed the protective capacity of MM-201 in an in vivo mouse model of kanamycin ototoxicity. In contrast to our in vitro data, MM-201 did not attenuate kanamycin ototoxicity in vivo. Further, we found that MM-201 was ototoxic to mice across the dose range tested here. These data suggest species- and tissue-specific differences in otoprotective capacity. Next generation HGF mimetics are in clinical trials for neurodegenerative diseases and show excellent safety profiles, but neither preclinical studies nor clinical trials have examined hearing loss as a potential consequence of pharmaceutical HGF activation. Further research is needed to determine the consequences of systemic MM-201 application on the auditory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip M Uribe
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA
| | - Alexandria M Hudson
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA
| | - Gavin Lockard
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA
| | - Meiyan Jiang
- Oregon Hearing Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Joseph Harding
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - Peter S Steyger
- Translational Hearing Center, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Allison B Coffin
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA.
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Li C, Wang X, Qiao X, Fan L, Zhu H, Chen Y, He Y, Zhang Z. 5,7-Dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin modulates the JNK/FoxO1 signaling pathway to attenuate cisplatin-induced ototoxicity by suppressing oxidative stress and apoptosis in vitro. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119437. [PMID: 36754151 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
5,7-Dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin (D4M) is attributed to free radical scavenging effects, with wide application for anti-oxidation. This work aimed to assess D4M's impact on cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. The cell viability was estimated with CCK-8 assay. Apoptosis was detected by the Annexin V-FITC and PI assay. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was determined by MitoSOX-Red and CellROX-Green probes. Mitochondrial membrane potential was analyzed with TMRM staining. Immunofluorescence was utilized for hair cells and spiral ganglion neuron detection. Apoptosis-associated proteins were assessed by cleaved caspase-3 and TUNEL staining. These results showed that D4M pretreatment protected hair cells from cisplatin-induced damage, increased cell viability, and decreased apoptosis in House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti1 (HEI-OC1) cells and neonatal mouse cochlear explants. D4M significantly inhibited cisplatin-induced mitochondrial apoptosis and reduced ROS accumulation. In addition, the protective effect of D4M on cisplatin-induced ototoxicity was also confirmed in cochlear hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons in neonatal mice. Mechanistic studies showed that D4M markedly downregulated p-JNK and elevated the expression ratio of p-FoxO1/FoxO1, thereby reducing cisplatin-induced caspase-dependent apoptosis. Meanwhile, D4M-related protection of HEI-OC1 cells was significantly blunted by JNK signaling induction with anisomycin. This study supports the possibility that D4M may be used as a new compound to prevent cisplatin-related hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xiangyun Qiao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yutao Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yingzi He
- ENT institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
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Chen J, Qin J, Liu J. Elucidation of the mechanism of miR‑122‑5p in mediating FOXO3 injury and apoptosis of mouse cochlear hair cells induced by hydrogen peroxide. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:435. [PMID: 35607378 PMCID: PMC9121211 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Unveiling the mechanism of miR-122-5p in the mediation of forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) in regards to cochlear hair cell damage provides an effective solution for the treatment of ear hearing disorders. An oxidative stress model using a mouse cochlear hair cell line (HEI-OC1) was established via hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Then HEI-OC1 cells were transfected with miR-122-5p mimic, miR-122-5p inhibitor, and lentiviral vector FOXO3-WT/MUT. Cell viability and apoptosis rate were determined by MTT assay and flow cytometry. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Bcl-2, Bax, capase-3 and c-caspase-9 levels were quantified by western blot analysis and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and flow cytometry was performed to measure the mitochondrial membrane potential levels. In the HEI-OC1 oxidative stress model after transfection, the miR-122-5p level was decreased, whereas the FOXO3 level was increased, Moreover, the increased FOXO3 level diminished the cell viability, but promoted cell apoptosis. Apart from this, the Bcl-2 level was downregulated, while levels of Bax, c-caspase-3, c-caspase-9, ROS and MDA were upregulated. Meanwhile, the mitochondrial membrane potential level was also elevated. Overexpression of miR-122-5p was able to partially offset the effects of FOXO3 in the H2O2-treated HEI-OC1 cells. Collectively, miR-122-5p restrained the decrease in HEI-OC1 cell viability and apoptosis induced by treatment with H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
| | - Jixin Qin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
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ASK1 is a novel molecular target for preventing aminoglycoside-induced hair cell death. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:797-813. [PMID: 35471608 PMCID: PMC9110505 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02188-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Aminoglycoside antibiotics are lifesaving medicines, crucial for the treatment of chronic or drug resistant infections. However, aminoglycosides are toxic to the sensory hair cells in the inner ear. As a result, aminoglycoside-treated individuals can develop permanent hearing loss and vestibular impairment. There is considerable evidence that reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the subsequent phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P38) drives apoptosis in aminoglycoside-treated hair cells. However, treatment strategies that directly inhibit ROS, JNK, or P38 are limited by the importance of these molecules for normal cellular function. Alternatively, the upstream regulator apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1/MAP3K5) is a key mediator of ROS-induced JNK and P38 activation under pathologic but not homeostatic conditions. We investigated ASK1 as a mediator of drug-induced hair cell death using cochlear explants from Ask1 knockout mice, demonstrating that Ask1 deficiency attenuates neomycin-induced hair cell death. We then evaluated pharmacological inhibition of ASK1 with GS-444217 as a potential otoprotective therapy. GS-444217 significantly attenuated hair cell death in neomycin-treated explants but did not impact aminoglycoside efficacy against P. aeruginosa in the broth dilution test. Overall, we provide significant pre-clinical evidence that ASK1 inhibition represents a novel strategy for preventing aminoglycoside ototoxicity. KEY MESSAGES: • ASK1 is an upstream, redox-sensitive regulator of P38 and JNK, which are known mediators of hair cell death. • Ask1 knockout does not affect hair cell development in vivo, but significantly reduces aminoglycoside-induced hair cell death in vitro. • A small-molecule inhibitor of ASK1 attenuates neomycin-induced hair cell death, and does not impact antibiotic efficacy in vitro. • ASK1 may be a novel molecular target for preventing aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss.
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Zhao J, Liu H, Huang Z, Yang R, Gong L. The Ameliorative Effect of JNK Inhibitor D-JNKI-1 on Neomycin-Induced Apoptosis in HEI-OC1 Cells. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:824762. [PMID: 35359571 PMCID: PMC8963355 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.824762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoglycosides can cause ototoxicity and lead to hair cell damage. Neomycin-induced ototoxicity is related to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and triggering hair cell apoptosis. The c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway plays an essential role during hair cell damage. This study was designed to investigate an inhibitor of JNK, D-JNKI-1 (AM-111/brimapitide) in neomycin-induced HEI-OC1 cell apoptosis. The results demonstrate that neomycin increased intracellular ROS accumulation, which induces apoptosis. D-JNKI-1 decreased neomycin-induced ROS generation, reduced caspase-8 and cleavage of caspase-3 expression, sustained JNK activation and AMPK and p38 phosphorylation, downregulated Bax, and upregulated Bcl-2. Together, D-JNKI-1 plays an essential role in protecting against neomycin-induced HEI-OC1 cell apoptosis by suppressing ROS generation, which inhibited JNK activation and AMPK and p38 phosphorylation to ameliorate JNK-mediated HEI-OC1 cell apoptosis.
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Abstract
Vestibular hair cells are mechanosensory receptors that are capable of detecting changes in head position and thereby allow animals to maintain their posture and coordinate their movement. Vestibular hair cells are susceptible to ototoxic drugs, aging, and genetic factors that can lead to permanent vestibular dysfunction. Vestibular dysfunction mainly results from the injury of hair cells, which are located in the vestibular sensory epithelium. This review summarizes the mechanisms of different factors causing vestibular hair cell damage and therapeutic strategies to protect vestibular hair cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoying Jiang
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhiwei Zheng
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yingzi He
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Abstract
Hearing loss is often caused by death of sensory hair cells (HCs) in the inner ear. HCs are vulnerable to some ototoxic drugs, such as aminoglycosides(AGs) and the cisplatin.The most predominant form of drug-induced cell death is apoptosis. Many efforts have been made to protect HCs from cell death after ototoxic drug exposure. These mechanisms and potential targets of HCs protection will be discussed in this review.And we also propose further investigation in the field of HCs necrosis and regeneration, as well as future clinical utilization.
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Sun Y, Jiang X, Xue M, Yu Y, Tao J. Suppression of delayed rectifier K + channels by gentamicin induces membrane hyperexcitability through JNK and PKA signaling pathways in vestibular ganglion neurons. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 135:111185. [PMID: 33422932 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as gentamicin, are known to have vestibulotoxic effects, including ataxia and disequilibrium. To date, however, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, we determined the role of gentamicin in regulating the sustained delayed rectifier K+ current (IDR) and membrane excitability in vestibular ganglion (VG) neurons in mice. Our results showed that the application of gentamicin to VG neurons decreased the IDR in a concentration-dependent manner, while the transient outward A-type K+ current (IA) remained unaffected. The decrease in IDR induced by gentamicin was independent of G-protein activity and led to a hyperpolarizing shift of the inactivation Vhalf. The analysis of phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK) revealed that gentamicin significantly stimulated JNK, while p-ERK and p-p38 remained unaffected. Blocking Kv1 channels with α-dendrotoxin or pretreating VG neurons with the JNK inhibitor II abrogated the gentamicin-induced decrease in IDR. Antagonism of JNK signaling attenuated the gentamicin-induced stimulation of PKA activity, whereas PKA inhibition prevented the IDR response induced by gentamicin. Moreover, gentamicin significantly increased the number of action potentials fired in both phasic and tonic firing type neurons; pretreating VG neurons with the JNK inhibitor II and the blockade of the IDR abolished this effect. Taken together, our results demonstrate that gentamicin decreases the IDR through a G-protein-independent but JNK and PKA-mediated signaling pathways. This gentamicin-induced IDR response mediates VG neuronal hyperexcitability and might contribute to its pharmacological vestibular effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunmei Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China; Department of Physiology and Neurobiology & Centre for Ion Channelopathy, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics & Institute of Neuroscience, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, PR China; Department of Physiology and Neurobiology & Centre for Ion Channelopathy, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Zizhang Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Yufang Sun
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology & Centre for Ion Channelopathy, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Xinghong Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology & Centre for Ion Channelopathy, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Man Xue
- Suzhou Institute for Drug Control, Suzhou 215000, PR China
| | - Yafeng Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China.
| | - Jin Tao
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology & Centre for Ion Channelopathy, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
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Su Y, Yang LM, Ornitz DM. FGF20-FGFR1 signaling through MAPK and PI3K controls sensory progenitor differentiation in the organ of Corti. Dev Dyn 2021; 250:134-144. [PMID: 32735383 PMCID: PMC8415122 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast Growth Factor 20 (FGF20)-FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) signaling is essential for cochlear hair cell (HC) and supporting cell (SC) differentiation. In other organ systems, FGFR1 signals through several intracellular pathways including MAPK (ERK), PI3K, phospholipase C ɣ (PLCɣ), and p38. Previous studies implicated MAPK and PI3K pathways in HC and SC development. We hypothesized that one or both would be important downstream mediators of FGF20-FGFR1 signaling for HC differentiation. RESULTS By inhibiting pathways downstream of FGFR1 in cochlea explant cultures, we established that both MAPK and PI3K pathways are required for HC differentiation while PLCɣ and p38 pathways are not. Examining the canonical PI3K pathway, we found that while AKT is necessary for HC differentiation, it is not sufficient to rescue the Fgf20-/- phenotype. To determine whether PI3K functions downstream of FGF20, we inhibited Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog (PTEN) in Fgf20-/- explants. Overactivation of PI3K resulted in a partial rescue of the Fgf20-/- phenotype, demonstrating a requirement for PI3K downstream of FGF20. Consistent with a requirement for the MAPK pathway for FGF20-regulated HC differentiation, we show that treating Fgf20-/- explants with FGF9 increased levels of dpERK. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data provide evidence that both MAPK and PI3K are important downstream mediators of FGF20-FGFR1 signaling during HC and SC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Su
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lu M Yang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Zhang Y, Li W, He Z, Wang Y, Shao B, Cheng C, Zhang S, Tang M, Qian X, Kong W, Wang H, Chai R, Gao X. Pre-treatment With Fasudil Prevents Neomycin-Induced Hair Cell Damage by Reducing the Accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:264. [PMID: 31780893 PMCID: PMC6851027 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ototoxic drug-induced hair cell (HC) damage is one of the main causes of sensorineural hearing loss, which is one of the most common sensory disorders in humans. Aminoglycoside antibiotics are common ototoxic drugs, and these can cause the accumulation of intracellular oxygen free radicals and lead to apoptosis in HCs. Fasudil is a Rho kinase inhibitor and vasodilator that has been widely used in the clinic and has been shown to have neuroprotective effects. However, the possible application of fasudil in protecting against aminoglycoside-induced HC loss and hearing loss has not been investigated. In this study, we investigated the ability of fasudil to protect against neomycin-induced HC loss both in vitro and in vivo. We found that fasudil significantly reduced the HC loss in cochlear whole-organ explant cultures and reduced the cell death of auditory HEI-OC1 cells after neomycin exposure in vitro. Moreover, we found that fasudil significantly prevented the HC loss and hearing loss of mice in the in vivo neomycin damage model. Furthermore, we found that fasudil could significantly inhibit the Rho signaling pathway in the auditory HEI-OC1 cells after neomycin exposure, thus further reducing the neomycin-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species and subsequent apoptosis in HEI-OC1 cells. This study suggests that fasudil might contribute to the increased viability of HCs after neomycin exposure by inhibition of the Rho signaling pathway and suggests a new therapeutic target for the prevention of aminoglycoside-induced HC loss and hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zuhong He
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Fenyang Vision & Audition Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Buwei Shao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingliang Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Qian
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weijia Kong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing, China
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13
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Luo X, Xia Y, Li XD, Wang JY. The effect of AP-2δ on transcription of the Prestin gene in HEI-OC1 cells upon oxidative stress. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2019; 24:45. [PMID: 31297132 PMCID: PMC6595603 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-019-0170-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The study aimed to investigate the effect of oxidative stress on Prestin expression, and explore the transcription factors (TFs) that are involved in regulating the expression of Prestin in House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 (HEI-OC1) cells upon oxidative stress. Methods Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were used to detect the expression level of Prestin. Reverse chromatin immunoprecipitation (reverse ChIP) assay was performed to identify proteins that could bind to the Prestin gene. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments were used to further verify the results. HEI-OC1 cells were incubated with four different concentrations of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) for 24 h or 48 h to construct the oxidative stress model. Results Oxidative stress induced Prestin increase at the mRNA level but with a concomitant decrease at the protein level. TF activating enhancer binding protein-2δ (AP-2δ) screened by reverse ChIP assay was demonstrated to bind to transcriptional start site 1441 of the Prestin promoter region and negatively regulate the expression of Prestin by siRNA and ChIP experiments. Furthermore, AP-2δ was down-regulated under oxidative stress. Conclusions In conclusion, oxidative stress inhibits the expression of Prestin protein, and the transcription mechanism is triggered to compensate for the loss of Prestin protein. AP-2δ is one of the important TFs that suppresses transcription of the Prestin gene, and AP-2δ suppression further boosted Prestin mRNA activation under oxidative stress. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s11658-019-0170-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Luo
- 1Department of Labor Health and Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510310 China
| | - Yun Xia
- 2Department of Labor Health and Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510310 China
| | - Xu-Dong Li
- Key Laboratory, Occupational Disease Prevention and Control of Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510300 China
| | - Jun-Yi Wang
- 1Department of Labor Health and Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510310 China
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14
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Castañeda R, Natarajan S, Jeong SY, Hong BN, Kang TH. Traditional oriental medicine for sensorineural hearing loss: Can ethnopharmacology contribute to potential drug discovery? JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 231:409-428. [PMID: 30439402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Traditional Oriental Medicine (TOM), the development of hearing pathologies is related to an inadequate nourishment of the ears by the kidney and other organs involved in regulation of bodily fluids and nutrients. Several herbal species have historically been prescribed for promoting the production of bodily fluids or as antiaging agents to treat deficiencies in hearing. AIM OF REVIEW The prevalence of hearing loss has been increasing in the last decade and is projected to grow considerably in the coming years. Recently, several herbal-derived products prescribed in TOM have demonstrated a therapeutic potential for acquired sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus. Therefore, the aims of this review are to provide a comprehensive overview of the current known efficacy of the herbs used in TOM for preventing different forms of acquired sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus, and associate the traditional principle with the demonstrated pharmacological mechanisms to establish a solid foundation for directing future research. METHODS The present review collected the literature related to herbs used in TOM or related compounds on hearing from Chinese, Korean, and Japanese herbal classics; library catalogs; and scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar; and Science Direct). RESULTS This review shows that approximately 25 herbal species and 40 active compounds prescribed in TOM for hearing loss and tinnitus have shown in vitro or in vivo beneficial effects for acquired sensorineural hearing loss produced by noise, aging, ototoxic drugs or diabetes. The inner ear is highly vulnerable to ischemia and oxidative damage, where several TOM agents have revealed a direct effect on the auditory system by normalizing the blood supply to the cochlea and increasing the antioxidant defense in sensory hair cells. These strategies have shown a positive impact on maintaining the inner ear potential, sustaining the production of endolymph, reducing the accumulation of toxic and inflammatory substances, preventing sensory cell death and preserving sensory transmission. There are still several herbal species with demonstrated therapeutic efficacy whose mechanisms have not been deeply studied and others that have been traditionally used in hearing loss but have not been tested experimentally. In clinical studies, Ginkgo biloba, Panax ginseng, and Astragalus propinquus have demonstrated to improve hearing thresholds in patients with sensorineural hearing loss and alleviated the symptoms of tinnitus. However, some of these clinical studies have been limited by small sample sizes, lack of an adequate control group or contradictory results. CONCLUSIONS Current therapeutic strategies have proven that the goal of the traditional oriental medicine principle of increasing bodily fluids is a relevant approach for reducing the development of hearing loss by improving microcirculation in the blood-labyrinth barrier and increasing cochlear blood flow. The potential benefits of TOM agents expand to a multi-target approach on different auditory structures of the inner ear related to increased cochlear blood flow, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective activities. However, more research is required, given the evidence is very limited in terms of the mechanism of action at the preclinical in vivo level and the scarce number of clinical studies published.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Castañeda
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Global Campus, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sathishkumar Natarajan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Global Campus, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seo Yule Jeong
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Global Campus, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bin Na Hong
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tong Ho Kang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Global Campus, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Bai H, Wang X, Gao X, Bing J, Wang W, Zhang X, Xi C, Jiang L, Zhang X, Han Z, Zeng S, Xu J. Study of the Mechanisms by Which Aminoglycoside Damage Is Prevented in Chick Embryonic Hair Cells. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2018; 20:21-35. [PMID: 30341698 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-018-00700-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A major side effect of aminoglycoside antibiotics is mammalian hair cell death. It is thus intriguing that embryonic chick hair cells treated with aminoglycosides at embryonic day (E) 12 are insensitive to ototoxicity. To exclude some unknown factors in vivo that might be involved in preventing aminoglycoside damage to embryonic hair cells, we first cultured chick embryonic basilar papilla (BP) with an aminoglycoside antibiotic in vitro. The results indicated that the hair cells were almost intact at E12 and E14 and were only moderately damaged in most parts of the BP at E16 and E18. Generally, hair cells residing in the approximate and abneural regions were more susceptible to streptomycin damage. After incubation with gentamicin-conjugated Texas Red (GTTR), which is typically used to trace the entry route of aminoglycosides, GTTR fluorescence was not remarkable in hair cells at E12, was weak at E14, but was relatively strong in the proximal part of BP at E18. This result indicates that the amounts of GTTR that entered the hair cells are related to the degrees of aminoglycoside damage. The study further showed that the fluorescence intensity of GTTR decreased to a low level at E14 to E18 after disruption of mechanotransduction machinery, suggesting that the aminoglycoside entry into hair cells was mainly through mechanotransduction channels. In addition, most of the entered GTTR was not found to be colocalized with mitochondria even at E18. This finding provides another reason to explain why embryonic chick hair cells are insensitive to aminoglycoside damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanju Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Jie Bing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Weiqian Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Xuebo Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, China
| | - Chao Xi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Lingling Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, China
| | - Zhongming Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Shaoju Zeng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Jincao Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, 100088, China.
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16
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Zhou M, Sun G, Zhang L, Zhang G, Yang Q, Yin H, Li H, Liu W, Bai X, Li J, Wang H. STK33 alleviates gentamicin-induced ototoxicity in cochlear hair cells and House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 cells. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:5286-5299. [PMID: 30256516 PMCID: PMC6201369 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine/threonine kinase 33 (STK33), a member of the calcium/calmodulin‐dependent kinase (CAMK), plays vital roles in a wide spectrum of cell processes. The present study was designed to investigate whether STK33 expressed in the mammalian cochlea and, if so, what effect STK33 exerted on aminoglycoside‐induced ototoxicity in House Ear Institute‐Organ of Corti 1 (HEI‐OC1) cells. Immunofluorescence staining and western blotting were performed to investigate STK33 expression in cochlear hair cells (HCs) and HEI‐OC1 cells with or without gentamicin treatment. CCK8, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence staining and western blotting were employed to detect the effects of STK33 knockdown, and/or U0126, and/or N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC) on the sensitivity to gentamicin‐induced ototoxicity in HEI‐OC1 cells. We found that STK33 was expressed in both mice cochlear HCs and HEI‐OC1 cells, and the expression of STK33 was significantly decreased in cochlear HCs and HEI‐OC1 cells after gentamicin exposure. STK33 knockdown resulted in an increase in the cleaved caspase‐3 and Bax expressions as well as cell apoptosis after gentamicin damage in HEI‐OC1 cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that knockdown of STK33 led to activated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway as well as augmented reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation after gentamicin damage. Moreover, STK33 was involved in extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 pathway in primary culture of HCs and HEI‐OC1 cells in response to gentamicin insult. The findings from this work indicate that STK33 decreases the sensitivity to the apoptosis dependent on mitochondrial apoptotic pathway by regulating ROS generation after gentamicin treatment, which provides a new potential target for protection from the aminoglycoside‐induced ototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Zhou
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, China.,Shandong Institute of Otolaryngology, Jinan, China
| | - Gaoying Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, China.,Shandong Institute of Otolaryngology, Jinan, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, China
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, China
| | - Haiyan Yin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, China
| | - Hongrui Li
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, China.,Shandong Institute of Otolaryngology, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohui Bai
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, China.,Shandong Institute of Otolaryngology, Jinan, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, China.,Shandong Institute of Otolaryngology, Jinan, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, China.,Shandong Institute of Otolaryngology, Jinan, China
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17
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Chowdhury S, Owens KN, Herr RJ, Jiang Q, Chen X, Johnson G, Groppi VE, Raible DW, Rubel EW, Simon JA. Phenotypic Optimization of Urea-Thiophene Carboxamides To Yield Potent, Well Tolerated, and Orally Active Protective Agents against Aminoglycoside-Induced Hearing Loss. J Med Chem 2017; 61:84-97. [PMID: 28992413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hearing loss is a major public health concern with no pharmaceutical intervention for hearing protection or restoration. Using zebrafish neuromast hair cells, a robust model for mammalian auditory and vestibular hair cells, we identified a urea-thiophene carboxamide, 1 (ORC-001), as protective against aminoglycoside antibiotic (AGA)-induced hair cell death. The 50% protection (HC50) concentration conferred by 1 is 3.2 μM with protection against 200 μM neomycin approaching 100%. Compound 1 was sufficiently safe and drug-like to validate otoprotection in an in vivo rat hearing loss model. We explored the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of this compound series to improve otoprotective potency, improve pharmacokinetic properties and eliminate off-target activity. We present the optimization of 1 to yield 90 (ORC-13661). Compound 90 protects mechanosensory hair cells with HC50 of 120 nM and demonstrates 100% protection in the zebrafish assay and superior physiochemical, pharmacokinetic, and toxicologic properties, as well as complete in vivo protection in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly N Owens
- Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | | | - Qin Jiang
- AMRI , Albany, New York 12203, United States
| | | | - Graham Johnson
- NuPharmAdvise LLC , Sanbornton, New Hampshire 03269 United States.,Oricula Therapeutics , Seattle, Washington 98154, United States
| | - Vincent E Groppi
- Center for Discovery of New Molecules, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - David W Raible
- Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.,Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Edwin W Rubel
- Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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18
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Wiedenhoft H, Hayashi L, Coffin AB. PI3K and Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins Modulate Gentamicin- Induced Hair Cell Death in the Zebrafish Lateral Line. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:326. [PMID: 29093665 PMCID: PMC5651234 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inner ear hair cell death leads to sensorineural hearing loss and can be a direct consequence of aminoglycoside antibiotic treatment. Aminoglycosides such as gentamicin are effective therapy for serious Gram-negative bacterial infections such as some forms of meningitis, pneumonia, and sepsis. Aminoglycosides enter hair cells through mechanotransduction channels at the apical end of hair bundles and initiate intrinsic cell death cascades, but the precise cell signaling that leads to hair cell death is incompletely understood. Here, we examine the cell death pathways involved in aminoglycoside damage using the zebrafish (Danio rerio). The zebrafish lateral line contains hair cell-bearing organs called neuromasts that are homologous to hair cells of the mammalian inner ear and represents an excellent model to study ototoxicity. Based on previous research demonstrating a role for p53, Bcl2 signaling, autophagy, and proteasomal degradation in aminoglycoside-damaged hair cells, we used the Cytoscape GeneMANIA Database to identify additional proteins that might play a role in neomycin or gentamicin ototoxicity. Our bioinformatics analysis identified the pro-survival proteins phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1) and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (Xiap) as potential mediators of gentamicin-induced hair cell damage. Pharmacological inhibition of PDK1 or its downstream mediator protein kinase C facilitated gentamicin toxicity, as did Xiap mutation, suggesting that both PI3K and endogenous Xiap confer protection. Surprisingly, aminoglycoside-induced hair cell death was highly attenuated in wild type Tupfel long-fin (TL fish; the background strain for the Xiap mutant line) compared to wild type ∗AB zebrafish. Pharmacologic manipulation of p53 suggested that the strain difference might result from decreased p53 in TL hair cells, allowing for increased hair cell survival. Overall, our studies identified additional steps in the cell death cascade triggered by aminoglycoside damage, suggesting possible drug targets to combat hearing loss resulting from aminoglycoside exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Wiedenhoft
- College of Arts and Sciences, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, United States
| | - Lauren Hayashi
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Allison B Coffin
- College of Arts and Sciences, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, United States.,Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, United States
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19
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He Z, Guo L, Shu Y, Fang Q, Zhou H, Liu Y, Liu D, Lu L, Zhang X, Ding X, Liu D, Tang M, Kong W, Sha S, Li H, Gao X, Chai R. Autophagy protects auditory hair cells against neomycin-induced damage. Autophagy 2017; 13:1884-1904. [PMID: 28968134 PMCID: PMC5788479 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1359449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminoglycosides are toxic to sensory hair cells (HCs). Macroautophagy/autophagy is an essential and highly conserved self-digestion pathway that plays important roles in the maintenance of cellular function and viability under stress. However, the role of autophagy in aminoglycoside-induced HC injury is unknown. Here, we first found that autophagy activity was significantly increased, including enhanced autophagosome-lysosome fusion, in both cochlear HCs and HEI-OC-1 cells after neomycin or gentamicin injury, suggesting that autophagy might be correlated with aminoglycoside-induced cell death. We then used rapamycin, an autophagy activator, to increase the autophagy activity and found that the ROS levels, apoptosis, and cell death were significantly decreased after neomycin or gentamicin injury. In contrast, treatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or knockdown of autophagy-related (ATG) proteins resulted in reduced autophagy activity and significantly increased ROS levels, apoptosis, and cell death after neomycin or gentamicin injury. Finally, after neomycin injury, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine could successfully prevent the increased apoptosis and HC loss induced by 3-MA treatment or ATG knockdown, suggesting that autophagy protects against neomycin-induced HC damage by inhibiting oxidative stress. We also found that the dysfunctional mitochondria were not eliminated by selective autophagy (mitophagy) in HEI-OC-1 cells after neomycin treatment, suggesting that autophagy might not directly target the damaged mitochondria for degradation. This study demonstrates that moderate ROS levels can promote autophagy to recycle damaged cellular constituents and maintain cellular homeostasis, while the induction of autophagy can inhibit apoptosis and protect the HCs by suppressing ROS accumulation after aminoglycoside injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhong He
- a Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences , Southeast University , Nanjing , China.,b Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Lingna Guo
- a Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences , Southeast University , Nanjing , China.,c Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration , Nantong University , Nantong , China
| | - Yilai Shu
- d Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research Institute , Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,e Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine , National Health and Family Planning Commission , Shangha i, China
| | - Qiaojun Fang
- a Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences , Southeast University , Nanjing , China.,c Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration , Nantong University , Nantong , China
| | - Han Zhou
- f Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory) , Nanjing , China
| | - Yongze Liu
- f Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory) , Nanjing , China
| | - Dingding Liu
- f Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory) , Nanjing , China
| | - Ling Lu
- f Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory) , Nanjing , China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- f Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory) , Nanjing , China
| | - Xiaoqiong Ding
- g Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital , Southeast University , Nanjing , China
| | - Dong Liu
- c Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration , Nantong University , Nantong , China
| | - Mingliang Tang
- a Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences , Southeast University , Nanjing , China.,c Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration , Nantong University , Nantong , China
| | - Weijia Kong
- b Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Suhua Sha
- h Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , SC , USA
| | - Huawei Li
- d Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research Institute , Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,e Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine , National Health and Family Planning Commission , Shangha i, China
| | - Xia Gao
- f Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory) , Nanjing , China.,i Research Institute of Otolaryngology , Nanjing , China
| | - Renjie Chai
- a Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences , Southeast University , Nanjing , China.,c Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration , Nantong University , Nantong , China.,i Research Institute of Otolaryngology , Nanjing , China
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20
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Francis SP, Cunningham LL. Non-autonomous Cellular Responses to Ototoxic Drug-Induced Stress and Death. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:252. [PMID: 28878625 PMCID: PMC5572385 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The first major recognition of drug-induced hearing loss can be traced back more than seven decades to the development of streptomycin as an antimicrobial agent. Since then at least 130 therapeutic drugs have been recognized as having ototoxic side-effects. Two important classes of ototoxic drugs are the aminoglycoside antibiotics and the platinum-based antineoplastic agents. These drugs save the lives of millions of people worldwide, but they also cause irreparable hearing loss. In the inner ear, sensory hair cells (HCs) and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) are important cellular targets of these drugs, and most mechanistic studies have focused on the cell-autonomous responses of these cell types in response to ototoxic stress. Despite several decades of studies on ototoxicity, important unanswered questions remain, including the cellular and molecular mechanisms that determine whether HCs and SGNs will live or die when confronted with ototoxic challenge. Emerging evidence indicates that other cell types in the inner ear can act as mediators of survival or death of sensory cells and SGNs. For example, glia-like supporting cells (SCs) can promote survival of both HCs and SGNs. Alternatively, SCs can act to promote HC death and inhibit neural fiber expansion. Similarly, tissue resident macrophages activate either pro-survival or pro-death signaling that can influence HC survival after exposure to ototoxic agents. Together these data indicate that autonomous responses that occur within a stressed HC or SGN are not the only (and possibly not the primary) determinants of whether the stressed cell ultimately lives or dies. Instead non-cell-autonomous responses are emerging as significant determinants of HC and SGN survival vs. death in the face of ototoxic stress. The goal of this review is to summarize the current evidence on non-cell-autonomous responses to ototoxic stress and to discuss ways in which this knowledge may advance the development of therapies to reduce hearing loss caused by these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimon P Francis
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lisa L Cunningham
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD, United States
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To critically review and evaluate the proposed mechanisms and documented results of the therapeutics currently in active clinical drug trials for the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss. DATA SOURCES US National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Trials registry, MEDLINE/PubMed. STUDY SELECTION & DATA EXTRACTION A review of the NIH Clinical Trials registry identified candidate hearing loss therapies, and supporting publications were acquired from MEDLINE/PubMed. Proof-of-concept, therapeutic mechanisms, and clinical outcomes were critically appraised. DATA SYNTHESIS Twenty-two active clinical drug trials registered in the United States were identified, and six potentially therapeutic molecules were reviewed. Of the six molecules reviewed, four comprised mechanisms pertaining to mitigating oxidative stress pathways that presumably lead to inner ear cell death. One remaining therapy sought to manipulate the cell death cascade, and the last remaining therapy was a novel cell replacement therapy approach to introduce a transcription factor that promotes hair cell regeneration. CONCLUSION A common theme in recent clinical trials registered in the United States appears to be the targeting of cell death pathways and influence of oxidant stressors on cochlear sensory neuroepithelium. In addition, a virus-delivered cell replacement therapy would be the first of its kind should it prove safe and efficacious. Significant challenges for bringing these bench-to-bedside therapies to market remain. It is never assured that results in non-human animal models translate to effective therapies in the setting of human biology. Moreover, as additional processes are described in association with hearing loss, such as an immune response and loss of synaptic contacts, additional pathways for targeting become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. Crowson
- Division of Head & Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC USA
| | - Ronna Hertzano
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Anatomy and Neurobiology and Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Debara Tucci
- Division of Head & Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC USA
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Lee JH, Kim MS, Park BR. Vestibular end organ injury induced by middle ear treatment with ferric chloride in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 36:146-159. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327116639365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss, ataxia, pyramidal signs, and vestibular deficits characterize superficial siderosis of the central nervous system. This study investigated changes in vestibular function, free radical formation, and phosphorylated cJun expression in the vestibular end organs after middle ear treatment with a ferric chloride (FeCl3) solution. A single injection of 70% FeCl3 solution into the unilateral middle ear cavity caused static vestibular symptoms, such as spontaneous nystagmus and head tilt. Asymmetric expression of c-Fos protein was observed in the bilateral vestibular nuclei and prepositus hypoglossal nuclei within 6 h after injection. Histopathologic examinations revealed partial hair cell loss, degeneration of the supporting stroma, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling-positive cells in the neuroepithelial layer of the crista ampullaris in FeCl3-treated animals. 5-(And-6)-chloromethyl-2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, acetyl ester and diaminofluorescein–2 diacetate fluorescence and immunoreactivity for nitrotyrosine increased markedly in the sensory neuroepithelial layer and nerve bundles of the crista ampullaris after 2 h. Strong immunoreactivity for phospho-cJun and cJun was observed in the type I hair cells of the crista ampullaris 120 h after injection. Thus, a single short-term treatment with a high concentration of FeCl3 in the unilateral middle ear cavity can induce activation of intracellular signals for cJun protein and oxidative stress through the formation of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in vestibular sensory receptors, resulting in vestibular dysfunction. These results suggest that activation of intracellular signals for cJun protein and oxidative stress may be a key component of the pathogenesis of vestibular deficits in patients with superficial siderosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- JH Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - MS Kim
- Department of Physiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine and Brain Science Institute at Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - BR Park
- Department of Physiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine and Brain Science Institute at Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
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Chang J, Choi J, Rah YC, Yoo MH, Oh KH, Im GJ, Lee SH, Kwon SY, Park HC, Chae SW, Jung HH. Sodium Selenite Acts as an Otoprotectant against Neomycin-Induced Hair Cell Damage in a Zebrafish Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151557. [PMID: 26974429 PMCID: PMC4790947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium selenite is a trace element essential for many physiological functions in the body. It is involved in various biological processes; it acts as a cofactor for antioxidant enzymes that protect against free radicals and is reported to limit metal-mediated oxidative DNA damage. In the present study, we investigated the effect of sodium selenite on neomycin ototoxicity in wild-type and transgenic zebrafish (Brn3C: EGFP). Five or six days post-fertilization, zebrafish larvae were co-exposed to 125 μM neomycin and various concentrations (10 μM, 100 μM, 250 μM, and 500 μM) of sodium selenite for 1 h. Hair cells within neuromasts of the supraorbital (SO1 and SO2), otic (O1), and occipital (OC1) lateral lines were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy (n = 10 fish per treatment). Hair cell survival was estimated as the ratio of the hair cell numbers in each group compared to those of the control group that were not exposed to neomycin. Apoptosis and hair cell damage of neuromasts were evaluated using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and 2-[4-(dimethylamino) styryl]-N-ethylpyridinium iodide (DASPEI) assay, respectively. Ultrastructural changes were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Neuromast hair cells were preserved in zebrafish exposed to 125 μM neomycin and 500 μM sodium selenite for 1 h. Sodium selenite protected against neomycin-induced hair cell loss of neuromasts, reduced apoptosis, and prevented zebrafish ultrastructural changes. We propose that sodium selenite protects against neomycin-induced hair cell damage by inhibiting apoptosis, decreasing the disarray of stereocilia, and preventing ultrastructural changes in the neuromast hair cells of the zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Chang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - June Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Yoon Chan Rah
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Hoon Yoo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Ho Oh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gi Jung Im
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hoon Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Young Kwon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae-Chul Park
- Laboratory of Neurodevelopmental Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Won Chae
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hak Hyun Jung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Niwa K, Matsunobu T, Kurioka T, Kamide D, Tamura A, Tadokoro S, Satoh Y, Shiotani A. The beneficial effect of Hangesha-shin-to (TJ-014) in gentamicin-induced hair cell loss in the rat cochlea. Auris Nasus Larynx 2016; 43:507-13. [PMID: 26797463 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ototoxic damage caused by aminoglycosides (AG) leads to the loss of cochlear hair cells (HCs). In mammals, mature cochlear HCs are unable to regenerate, and their loss results in permanent hearing deficits. Our objective was to protect the inner ear from damage after an AG challenge. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), one of the earliest events in the process of AG ototoxicity, is considered to play a key role in the initiation of HC death. We examined whether Hangesha-shin-to (TJ-014), a traditional Japanese Kampo medicine considered to be a potent antioxidant, protects HCs from gentamicin (GM)-induced damage. METHODS Organ of Corti explants removed from postnatal day 3-5 rats were maintained in tissue culture and exposed to 50μM GM for up to 48h. The effects of TJ-014 on GM-induced ototoxicity were assessed by HC counts and immunohistochemistry against cleaved caspase-3, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and a probe reacting to mitochondrial function changes. RESULTS TJ-014 treatments significantly reduced GM-induced HC loss and immunoreactivities for cleaved caspase-3 and 8-OHdG; these effects were correlated with increasing TJ-014 concentrations. Moreover, TJ-014 protected the mitochondrial membrane potential from GM ototoxicity. CONCLUSION These findings indicate the potential of TJ-014 to prevent GM-induced cochlear damage involving ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuki Niwa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsunobu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Japan; Division of Otolaryngology, New Tokyo Hospital, 1271 Wanagaya, Matsudo, Japan.
| | - Takaomi Kurioka
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kamide
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tamura
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Japan
| | - Shin Tadokoro
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Japan
| | - Yasushi Satoh
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Akihiro Shiotani
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Japan
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Adjunctive and long-acting nanoformulated antiretroviral therapies for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2015; 9:585-90. [PMID: 25226025 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We are pleased to review current and future strategies being developed to modulate neuroinflammation while reducing residual viral burden in the central nervous system. This has been realized by targeted long-acting antiretroviral nano and adjunctive therapies being developed for HIV-infected people. Our ultimate goal is to eliminate virus from its central nervous system reservoirs and, in so doing, reverse the cognitive and motor dysfunctions. RECENT FINDINGS Herein, we highlight our laboratories' development of adjunctive and nanomedicine therapies for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. An emphasis is placed on drug-drug interactions that target both the viral life cycle and secretory proinflammatory neurotoxic factors and signaling pathways. SUMMARY Antiretroviral therapy has improved the quality and duration of life for people living with HIV-1. A significant long-term comorbid illness is HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Symptoms, although reduced in severity, are common. Disease occurs, in part, through continued low-level viral replication, inducing secondary glial neuroinflammatory activities. Our recent works and those of others have seen disease attenuated in animal models through the use of adjunctive and long-acting reservoir-targeted nanoformulated antiretroviral therapy. The translation of these inventions from animals to humans is the focus of this review.
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26
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Yoshida S, Sugahara K, Hashimoto M, Hirose Y, Shimogori H, Yamashita H. The minimum peptides of IGF-1 and substance P protect vestibular hair cells against neomycin ototoxicity. Acta Otolaryngol 2015; 135:411-5. [PMID: 25739461 DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2014.979438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that SSSR and SSSR + FGLM-NH2 protect sensory hair cells against neomycin-induced death in the vestibular epithelium. In addition, the results show that SSSR and FGLM-NH2 can be used as protective molecules against aminoglycoside ototoxicity. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the role of the peptides SSSR and SSSR + FGLM-NH2 in mammalian vestibular hair cell death induced by aminoglycoside. METHODS Cultured utricles from mature CBA/N mice were used in this study. The cultured utricles were assigned to five groups (control group, neomycin group, neomycin + SSSR group, neomycin + FGLM-NH2 group, and neomycin + SSSR + FGLM-NH2 group). Aat 24 h after exposure to neomycin, the hair cells were labeled immunohistochemically, and the rate of survival of vestibular hair cells was evaluated using a fluorescence microscope. RESULTS The rate of survival of vestibular hair cells was significantly higher in the neomycin + SSSR and neomycin + SSSR + FGLM-NH2 groups than in the neomycin group. The results suggest that SSSR could protect hair cells against aminoglycoside ototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Yoshida
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine , Ube, Yamaguchi , Japan
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27
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Sun S, Sun M, Zhang Y, Cheng C, Waqas M, Yu H, He Y, Xu B, Wang L, Wang J, Yin S, Chai R, Li H. In vivo overexpression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein protects against neomycin-induced hair cell loss in the apical turn of the cochlea during the ototoxic-sensitive period. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:248. [PMID: 25278835 PMCID: PMC4166379 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminoglycoside-induced cochlear ototoxicity causes hair cell (HC) loss and results in hearing impairment in patients. Previous studies have developed the concept of an ototoxicity-sensitive period during which the cochleae of young mice are more vulnerable to auditory trauma than adults. Here, we compared neomycin-induced ototoxicity at the following four developmental ages in mice: postnatal day (P)1–P7, P8–P14, P15–P21, and P60–P66. We found that when neomycin was administered between P8 and P14, the auditory brainstem response threshold increase was significantly higher at low frequencies and HC loss was significantly greater in the apical turn of the cochlea compared to neomycin administration during the other age ranges. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) data revealed that the expression of apoptotic markers, including Casp3 and Casp9, was significantly higher when neomycin was injected from P8 to P14, while the expression of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) gene was significantly higher when neomycin was injected from P60 to P66. Because XIAP expression was low during the neomycin-sensitive period, we overexpressed XIAP in mice and found that it could protect against neomycin-induced hearing loss at low frequencies and HC loss in the apical turn of the cochlea. Altogether, our findings demonstrate a protective role for XIAP against neomycin-induced hearing loss and HC loss in the apical turn of the cochlea during the ototoxic-sensitive period, and suggest that apoptotic factors mediate the effect of neomycin during the ototoxic-sensitive period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Sun
- Research Center, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Mingzhi Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Research Center, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University Nanjing, China
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University Nanjing, China
| | - Huiqian Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Yingzi He
- Research Center, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Anesthesiology Department, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regeneration Medicine, Institutions of Biomedical Science, Fudan University Shanghai, China ; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Sixth Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
| | - Shankai Yin
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Sixth Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University Nanjing, China
| | - Huawei Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai, China ; Institute of Stem Cell and Regeneration Medicine, Institutions of Biomedical Science, Fudan University Shanghai, China ; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University Shanghai, China
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Tian CJ, Kim SW, Kim YJ, Lim HJ, Park R, So HS, Choung YH. Red ginseng protects against gentamicin-induced balance dysfunction and hearing loss in rats through antiapoptotic functions of ginsenoside Rb1. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 60:369-76. [PMID: 23933362 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Revised: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The authors evaluated the protective effects of Korean red ginseng (KRG) against gentamicin (GM)-induced unilateral vestibular and hearing dysfunction and investigated its effective mechanism using in vitro cell cultures. Vestibular function was comprehensively evaluated by a scoring system that ranged from 0 (normal) to 3 (worst) points, using head tilt, tail hanging, and swimming tests. The GM group showed significantly more deteriorated vestibular function (0 point--5 rats, 1 point--1 rat, 2 points--3 rats, and 3 points--3 rats) than the KRG+GM group (0 point--9 rats and 1 point--1 rat) (p<0.01). The hearing thresholds were better in the KRG+GM group than in the GM group (p<0.05). Quantitative analysis of hair cell damage in the scanning electron microscopy was closely related with vestibular and hearing functional results. In vitro study showed that ginsenoside Rb1 (gRb1) attenuated reactive oxygen species production, suppressed JNK activation, up-regulated Bcl-xL and down-regulated Bax, cytochrome c, caspase 3, and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase in GM-treated VOT-E36 cells. These findings suggest that KRG including gRb1 component protects against vestibular/hearing dysfunction by inhibiting apoptotic pathways when ototoxicity is induced by unilateral intratympanic injection with GM in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Jie Tian
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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29
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Lee SD, Osei-Twum JA, Wasan KM. Dose-dependent targeted suppression of P-glycoprotein expression and function in Caco-2 cells. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:2323-30. [PMID: 23611024 PMCID: PMC3674641 DOI: 10.1021/mp300668e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The efflux transporter P-glycoprotein
(Pgp), encoded by the ABCB1 gene, decreases the bioavailability
of a wide range
of orally administered drugs. Drug permeability studies using the
in vitro Caco-2 cell model commonly rely on small molecule modulators
to estimate the contribution of Pgp to drug efflux. The use of such
modulators may be limited by their interactions with other membrane
transporters. RNA interference, a tool allowing for the specific degradation
of a target gene’s mRNA, has emerged as a technique to study
gene expression and function. This manuscript describes the use of
chemically modified small interfering RNA (siRNA) for a dose-dependent
suppression of ABCB1 in Caco-2 cells and the subsequent
drug permeability assay. We transfected Caco-2 cells while in suspension
with chemically modified synthetic siRNA–lipid complexes and
then seeded the cells on polycarbonate semipermeable supports. Once
the monolayer of Caco-2 cells formed tight junctions and expressed
brush border enzymes, we determined the dose-dependent suppression
of the ABCB1 gene using RT-qPCR. We measured the
duration of silencing at the optimal siRNA dose by Western blot for
Pgp protein. The utility of this in vitro model was determined by
performing bidirectional transport studies using a well-established
substrate for Pgp, rhodamine 123. A single 4 h transfection of the
Caco-2 cells with ≥100 nM siRNA reduced the expression of ABCB1 mRNA by >85% at day five in culture. The time-course
study revealed that the single transfection reduces Pgp protein levels
for 9 days in culture. This magnitude of silencing was sufficient
to reduce the efflux of rhodamine 123 as measured by the apparent
permeability coefficient and intracellular accumulation. In this study,
we demonstrate the dose-dependent, targeted degradation of Pgp in
Caco-2 cells as a new model for assessing drug efflux from enterocytes.
The dose-dependent nature of the Pgp silencing in this study offers
significant improvements over other approaches to creating a Caco-2
model with suppressed ABCB1 expression. We envision
that this technique, in conjunction with better small molecule inhibitors,
will provide a useful tool for future drug permeability studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Lee
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, British Columbia, Canada
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Oesterle EC. Changes in the adult vertebrate auditory sensory epithelium after trauma. Hear Res 2013; 297:91-8. [PMID: 23178236 PMCID: PMC3637947 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Auditory hair cells transduce sound vibrations into membrane potential changes, ultimately leading to changes in neuronal firing and sound perception. This review provides an overview of the characteristics and repair capabilities of traumatized auditory sensory epithelium in the adult vertebrate ear. Injured mammalian auditory epithelium repairs itself by forming permanent scars but is unable to regenerate replacement hair cells. In contrast, injured non-mammalian vertebrate ear generates replacement hair cells to restore hearing functions. Non-sensory support cells within the auditory epithelium play key roles in the repair processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Oesterle
- Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, CHDD CD176, Box 357923, Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7923, USA.
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Shin YS, Song SJ, Kang S, Hwang HS, Jung YS, Kim CH. Novel synthetic protective compound, KR-22335, against cisplatin-induced auditory cell death. J Appl Toxicol 2013; 34:191-204. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.2852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Seob Shin
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine; Ajou University; Suwon Korea
- Center for Cell Death Regulating Biodrug, School of Medicine; Ajou University; Suwon Korea
| | - Suk Jin Song
- Bio-organic Science Division; Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; Yuseong Daejeon Korea
| | - SungUn Kang
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine; Ajou University; Suwon Korea
- Center for Cell Death Regulating Biodrug, School of Medicine; Ajou University; Suwon Korea
| | - Hye Sook Hwang
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine; Ajou University; Suwon Korea
- Center for Cell Death Regulating Biodrug, School of Medicine; Ajou University; Suwon Korea
| | - Young-Sik Jung
- Bio-organic Science Division; Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; Yuseong Daejeon Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine; Ajou University; Suwon Korea
- Center for Cell Death Regulating Biodrug, School of Medicine; Ajou University; Suwon Korea
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Various medications can modify the physiology of retinal and cochlear neurons and lead to major, sometime permanent, sensory loss. A better knowledge of pathogenic mechanisms and the establishment of relevant monitoring protocols are necessary to prevent permanent sensory impairment. In this article, we review main systemic medications associated with direct neuronal toxicity on the retina and cochlea, their putative pathogenic mechanisms, when identified, as well as current recommendations, when available, for monitoring protocols. RECENT FINDINGS Pathogenic mechanisms and cellular target of retinotoxic drugs are often not well characterized but a better knowledge of the course of visual defect has recently helped in defining more relevant monitoring protocols especially for antimalarials and vigabatrin. Mechanisms of ototoxicity have recently been better defined, from inner ear entry with the use of fluorescent tracers to evidence for the role of oxidative stress and program cell death pathways. SUMMARY Experimental and clinical studies have elucidated some of the pathogenic mechanisms, courses and risk factors of retinal toxicity and ototoxicity, which have led to establishment of relevant monitoring protocols. Further studies are, however, warranted to better understand cellular pathways leading to degeneration. These would help to build more efficient preventive intervention and may also contribute to understanding of other degenerative processes such as genetic disorders.
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Brandon CS, Voelkel-Johnson C, May LA, Cunningham LL. Dissection of adult mouse utricle and adenovirus-mediated supporting-cell infection. J Vis Exp 2012:3734. [PMID: 22491073 DOI: 10.3791/3734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss and balance disturbances are often caused by death of mechanosensory hair cells, which are the receptor cells of the inner ear. Since there is no cell line that satisfactorily represents mammalian hair cells, research on hair cells relies on primary organ cultures. The best-characterized in vitro model system of mature mammalian hair cells utilizes organ cultures of utricles from adult mice (Figure 1). The utricle is a vestibular organ, and the hair cells of the utricle are similar in both structure and function to the hair cells in the auditory organ, the organ of Corti. The adult mouse utricle preparation represents a mature sensory epithelium for studies of the molecular signals that regulate the survival, homeostasis, and death of these cells. Mammalian cochlear hair cells are terminally differentiated and are not regenerated when they are lost. In non-mammalian vertebrates, auditory or vestibular hair cell death is followed by robust regeneration which restores hearing and balance functions. Hair cell regeneration is mediated by glia-like supporting cells, which contact the basolateral surfaces of hair cells in the sensory epithelium. Supporting cells are also important mediators of hair cell survival and death. We have recently developed a technique for infection of supporting cells in cultured utricles using adenovirus. Using adenovirus type 5 (dE1/E3) to deliver a transgene containing GFP under the control of the CMV promoter, we find that adenovirus specifically and efficiently infects supporting cells. Supporting cell infection efficiency is approximately 25-50%, and hair cells are not infected (Figure 2). Importantly, we find that adenoviral infection of supporting cells does not result in toxicity to hair cells or supporting cells, as cell counts in Ad-GFP infected utricles are equivalent to those in non-infected utricles (Figure 3). Thus adenovirus-mediated gene expression in supporting cells of cultured utricles provides a powerful tool to study the roles of supporting cells as mediators of hair cell survival, death, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlene S Brandon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
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Mechanisms of aminoglycoside ototoxicity and targets of hair cell protection. Int J Otolaryngol 2011; 2011:937861. [PMID: 22121370 PMCID: PMC3202092 DOI: 10.1155/2011/937861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminoglycosides are commonly prescribed antibiotics with deleterious side effects to the inner ear. Due to their popular application as a result of their potent antimicrobial activities, many efforts have been undertaken to prevent aminoglycoside ototoxicity. Over the years, understanding of the antimicrobial as well as ototoxic mechanisms of aminoglycosides has increased. These mechanisms are reviewed in regard to established and potential future targets of hair cell protection.
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Di Domenico M, Ricciardi C, Martone T, Mazzarella N, Cassandro C, Chiarella G, D'Angelo L, Cassandro E. Towards gene therapy for deafness. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:2494-9. [PMID: 21792906 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Many hearing disorders are associated with the damage or loss of sensory hair cells (HC) which can produce a profound and irreversible deafness. Apoptosis pathway is reported to play an important role leading to rapid expansion of the HC lesion after exposure to intense noise. Furthermore, progress made over the last year in understanding molecular mechanisms involved in the proliferative and regenerative capacity of sensory cells in the mammalian inner ear has raised the possibility that targeted therapies might prevent the loss of these cells and preserve the patient's hearing. A first step towards the successful therapeutic exploitation is a better understanding of the different pathways that control survival and proliferation of sensory cells. In this review, we provide an overview of recent findings concerning the possibility to prevent apoptosis in auditory cells. We also show the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms involved in the potential regenerative behavior of these cells and the progress of gene therapy to prevent deafness noise-induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Di Domenico
- Department of General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize advances in the study of the interaction between sensory hair cells and aminoglycoside antibiotics. RECENT FINDINGS Aminoglycosides enter hair cells through mechanotransduction channels and initiate an active signaling pathway that leads to cell death. Early expression of heat shock proteins can protect hair cells from aminoglycosides, although signaling from surrounding supporting cells appears to promote hair cell death. Studies of certain human deafness mutations have revealed new insights into the role of mitochondria in aminoglycoside ototoxicity. SUMMARY The cellular mechanisms of aminoglycoside ototoxicity continue to be an active topic of research and newly developed animal models offer great promise for future advances. Nevertheless, proven clinical methods for the prevention of ototoxic injury are not yet available.
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Polesskaya O, Cunningham LL, Francis SP, Luebke AE, Zhu X, Collins D, Vasilyeva ON, Sahler J, Desmet EA, Gelbard HA, Maggirwar SB, Walton JP, Frisina RD, Dewhurst S. Ablation of mixed lineage kinase 3 (Mlk3) does not inhibit ototoxicity induced by acoustic trauma or aminoglycoside exposure. Hear Res 2010; 270:21-7. [PMID: 20971179 PMCID: PMC2997883 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2010.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is activated in cochlear hair cells following acoustic trauma or exposure to aminoglycoside antibiotics. Blockade of JNK activation using mixed lineage kinase (MLK) inhibitors prevents hearing loss and hair cell death following these stresses. Since current pharmacologic inhibitors of MLKs block multiple members of this kinase family, we examined the contribution of the major neuronal family member (MLK3) to stress-induced ototoxicity, usingMlk3(-/-) mice. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that MLK3 is expressed in cochlear hair cells of C57/BL6 mice (but not in Mlk3(-/-) animals). After exposure to acoustic trauma there was no significant difference in DPOAE and ABR values betweenMlk3(-/-) and wild-type mice at 48 h following exposure or 2 weeks later. Susceptibility of hair cells to aminoglycoside toxicity was tested by exposing explanted utricles to gentamicin. Gentamicin-induced hair cell death was equivalent in utricles from wild-type and Mlk3(-/-) mice. Blockade of JNK activation with the pharmacologic inhibitor SP600125 attenuated cell death in utricles from both wild-type and Mlk3(-/-) mice. These data show that MLK3 ablation does not protect against hair cell death following acoustic trauma or exposure to aminoglycoside antibiotics, suggesting that MLK3 is not the major upstream regulator of JNK-mediated hair cell death following these stresses. Rather, other MLK family members such as MLK1, which is also expressed in cochlea, may have a previously unappreciated role in noise- and aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Death
- Disease Models, Animal
- Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem
- Female
- Gentamicins
- Hair Cells, Auditory/drug effects
- Hair Cells, Auditory/enzymology
- Hair Cells, Auditory/pathology
- Hearing Loss/chemically induced
- Hearing Loss/enzymology
- Hearing Loss/genetics
- Hearing Loss/pathology
- Hearing Loss/physiopathology
- Hearing Loss/prevention & control
- Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/enzymology
- Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/genetics
- Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/pathology
- Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/physiopathology
- JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/deficiency
- MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/genetics
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Time Factors
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase 11
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Polesskaya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY. USA
| | - Lisa L. Cunningham
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Shimon P. Francis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Anne E. Luebke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY. USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY. USA
| | - Xiaoxia Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY. USA
| | - David Collins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY. USA
| | - Olga N. Vasilyeva
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY. USA
| | - Julie Sahler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY. USA
| | - Emily A. Desmet
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY. USA
| | - Harris A. Gelbard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY. USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY. USA
- Center for Neural Development and Disease, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY. USA
| | - Sanjay B. Maggirwar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY. USA
| | - Joseph P. Walton
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY. USA
| | - Robert D. Frisina
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY. USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY. USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY. USA
- International Center for Hearing and Speech Research, Rochester, NY 14623
- National Technical Institute for the Deaf, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623
| | - Stephen Dewhurst
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY. USA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY. USA
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Wang Z, Liu Y, Han N, Chen X, Yu W, Zhang W, Zou F. Profiles of oxidative stress-related microRNA and mRNA expression in auditory cells. Brain Res 2010; 1346:14-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Revised: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Coffin AB, Ou H, Owens KN, Santos F, Simon JA, Rubel EW, Raible DW. Chemical screening for hair cell loss and protection in the zebrafish lateral line. Zebrafish 2010; 7:3-11. [PMID: 20192852 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2009.0639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, most hearing loss results from death of hair cells, the mechanosensory receptors of the inner ear. Two goals of current hearing research are to protect hair cells from degeneration and to regenerate new hair cells, replacing those that are lost due to aging, disease, or environmental challenges. One limitation of research in the auditory field has been the relative inaccessibility of the mechanosensory systems in the inner ear. Zebrafish possess hair cells in both their inner ear and their lateral line system that are morphologically and functionally similar to human hair cells. The external location of the mechanosensory hair cells in the lateral line and the ease of in vivo labeling and imaging make the zebrafish lateral line a unique system for the study of hair cell toxicity, protection, and regeneration. This review focuses on the lateral line system as a model for understanding loss and protection of mechanosensory hair cells. We discuss chemical screens to identify compounds that induce hair cell loss and others that protect hair cells from known toxins and the potential application of these screens to human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison B Coffin
- Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7923, USA.
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Chance MR, Chang J, Liu S, Gokulrangan G, Chen DHC, Lindsay A, Geng R, Zheng QY, Alagramam K. Proteomics, bioinformatics and targeted gene expression analysis reveals up-regulation of cochlin and identifies other potential biomarkers in the mouse model for deafness in Usher syndrome type 1F. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19:1515-27. [PMID: 20097680 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins and protein networks associated with cochlear pathogenesis in the Ames waltzer (av) mouse, a model for deafness in Usher syndrome 1F (USH1F), were identified. Cochlear protein from wild-type and av mice at postnatal day 30, a time point in which cochlear pathology is well established, was analyzed by quantitative 2D gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry (MS). The analytic gel resolved 2270 spots; 69 spots showed significant changes in intensity in the av cochlea compared with the control. The cochlin protein was identified in 20 peptide spots, most of which were up-regulated, while a few were down-regulated. Analysis of MS sequence data showed that, in the av cochlea, a set of full-length isoforms of cochlin was up-regulated, while isoforms missing the N-terminal FCH/LCCL domain were down-regulated. Protein interaction network analysis of all differentially expressed proteins was performed with Metacore software. That analysis revealed a number of statistically significant candidate protein networks predicted to be altered in the affected cochlea. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis of select candidates from the proteomic and bioinformatic investigations showed up-regulation of Coch mRNA and those of p53, Brn3a and Nrf2, transcription factors linked to stress response and survival. Increased mRNA of Brn3a and Nrf2 has previously been associated with increased expression of cochlin in human glaucomatous trabecular meshwork. Our report strongly suggests that increased level of cochlin is an important etiologic factor leading to the degeneration of cochlear neuroepithelia in the USH1F model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Chance
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Ou HC, Santos F, Raible DW, Simon JA, Rubel EW. Drug screening for hearing loss: using the zebrafish lateral line to screen for drugs that prevent and cause hearing loss. Drug Discov Today 2010; 15:265-71. [PMID: 20096805 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Several animal models have been used for the study of mechanosensory hair cells and hearing loss. Because of the difficulty of tissue acquisition and large animal size, these traditional models are impractical for high-throughput screening. The zebrafish has emerged as a powerful animal model for screening drugs that cause and prevent hair cell death. The unique characteristics of the zebrafish enable rapid in vivo imaging of hair cells and hair cell death. We have used this model to screen for and identify multiple drugs that protect hair cells from aminoglycoside-induced death. The identification of multiple drugs and drug-like compounds that inhibit multiple hair cell death pathways might enable the development of protective cocktails to achieve complete hair cell protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry C Ou
- Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Box 357923, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Taleb M, Brandon CS, Lee FS, Harris KC, Dillmann WH, Cunningham LL. Hsp70 inhibits aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss and cochlear hair cell death. Cell Stress Chaperones 2009; 14:427-37. [PMID: 19145477 PMCID: PMC2728278 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-008-0097-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2008] [Revised: 12/10/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory hair cells of the inner ear are sensitive to death from aging, noise trauma, and ototoxic drugs. Ototoxic drugs include the aminoglycoside antibiotics and the antineoplastic agent cisplatin. Exposure to aminoglycosides results in hair cell death that is mediated by specific apoptotic proteins, including c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and caspases. Induction of heat shock proteins (Hsps) can inhibit JNK- and caspase-dependent apoptosis in a variety of systems. We have previously shown that heat shock results in robust upregulation of Hsps in the hair cells of the adult mouse utricle in vitro. In addition, heat shock results in significant inhibition of both cisplatin- and aminoglycoside-induced hair cell death. In this system, Hsp70 is the most strongly induced Hsp, which is upregulated over 250-fold at the level of mRNA 2 h after heat shock. Hsp70 overexpression inhibits aminoglycoside-induced hair cell death in vitro. In this study, we utilized Hsp70-overexpressing mice to determine whether Hsp70 is protective in vivo. Both Hsp70-overexpressing mice and their wild-type littermates were treated with systemic kanamycin (700 mg/kg body weight) twice daily for 14 days. While kanamycin treatment resulted in significant hearing loss and hair cell death in wild-type mice, Hsp70-overexpressing mice were significantly protected against aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss and hair cell death. These data indicate that Hsp70 is protective against aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Taleb
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, MSC 908, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
| | - Carlene S. Brandon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, MSC 908, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
| | - Fu-Shing Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
| | - Kelly C. Harris
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
| | - Wolfgang H. Dillmann
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Lisa L. Cunningham
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, MSC 908, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
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Coffin AB, Reinhart KE, Owens KN, Raible DW, Rubel EW. Extracellular divalent cations modulate aminoglycoside-induced hair cell death in the zebrafish lateral line. Hear Res 2009; 253:42-51. [PMID: 19285547 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2009.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2008] [Revised: 02/11/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Aminoglycoside antibiotics cause death of sensory hair cells. Research over the past decade has identified several key players in the intracellular cascade. However, the role of the extracellular environment in aminoglycoside ototoxicity has received comparatively little attention. The present study uses the zebrafish lateral line to demonstrate that extracellular calcium and magnesium ions modulate hair cell death from neomycin and gentamicin in vivo, with high levels of either divalent cation providing significant protection. Imaging experiments with fluorescently-tagged gentamicin show that drug uptake is reduced under high calcium conditions. Treating fish with the hair cell transduction blocker amiloride also reduces aminoglycoside uptake, preventing the toxicity, and experiments with variable calcium and amiloride concentrations suggest complementary effects between the two protectants. Elevated magnesium, in contrast, does not appear to significantly attenuate drug uptake, suggesting that the two divalent cations may protect hair cells from aminoglycoside damage through different mechanisms. These results provide additional evidence for calcium- and transduction-dependent aminoglycoside uptake. Divalent cations provided differential protection from neomycin and gentamicin, with high cation concentrations almost completely protecting hair cells from neomycin and acute gentamicin toxicity, but offering reduced protection from continuous (6 h) gentamicin exposure. These experiments lend further support to the hypothesis that aminoglycoside toxicity occurs via multiple pathways in a both a drug and time course-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison B Coffin
- Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Box 357923, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Owens KN, Coffin AB, Hong LS, Bennett KO, Rubel EW, Raible DW. Response of mechanosensory hair cells of the zebrafish lateral line to aminoglycosides reveals distinct cell death pathways. Hear Res 2009; 253:32-41. [PMID: 19285126 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2009.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Revised: 02/15/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a series of experiments investigating the kinetics of hair cell loss in lateral line neuromasts of zebrafish larvae following exposure to aminoglycoside antibiotics. Comparisons of the rate of hair cell loss and the differential effects of acute versus chronic exposure to gentamicin and neomycin revealed markedly different results. Neomycin induced rapid and dramatic concentration-dependent hair cell loss that is essentially complete within 90 min, regardless of concentration or exposure time. Gentamicin-induced loss of half of the hair cells within 90 min and substantial additional loss, which was prolonged and cumulative over exposure times up to at least 24h. Small molecules and genetic mutations that inhibit neomycin-induced hair cell loss were ineffective against prolonged gentamicin exposure supporting the hypothesis that these two drugs are revealing at least two cellular pathways. The mechanosensory channel blocker amiloride blocked both neomycin and gentamicin-induced hair cell death acutely and chronically indicating that these aminoglycosides share a common entry route. Further tests with additional aminoglycosides revealed a spectrum of differential responses to acute and chronic exposure. The distinctions between the times of action of these aminoglycosides indicate that these drugs induce multiple cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly N Owens
- Department of Biological Structure, V.M. Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Box 357420, Seattle, WA 98195-7420, USA.
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Ou HC, Cunningham LL, Francis SP, Brandon CS, Simon JA, Raible DW, Rubel EW. Identification of FDA-approved drugs and bioactives that protect hair cells in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) lateral line and mouse (Mus musculus) utricle. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2009; 10:191-203. [PMID: 19241104 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-009-0158-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2008] [Accepted: 01/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The hair cells of the larval zebrafish lateral line provide a useful preparation in which to study hair cell death and to screen for genes and small molecules that modulate hair cell toxicity. We recently reported preliminary results from screening a small-molecule library for compounds that inhibit aminoglycoside-induced hair cell death. To potentially reduce the time required for development of drugs and drug combinations that can be clinically useful, we screened a library of 1,040 FDA-approved drugs and bioactive compounds (NINDS Custom Collection II). Seven compounds that protect against neomycin-induced hair cell death were identified. Four of the seven drugs inhibited aminoglycoside uptake, based on Texas-Red-conjugated gentamicin uptake. The activities of two of the remaining three drugs were evaluated using an in vitro adult mouse utricle preparation. One drug, 9-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine (tacrine) demonstrated conserved protective effects in the mouse utricle. These results demonstrate that the zebrafish lateral line can be used to screen successfully for drugs within a library of FDA-approved drugs and bioactives that inhibit hair cell death in the mammalian inner ear and identify tacrine as a promising protective drug for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry C Ou
- Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Box 357923, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Apoptosis-related genes change their expression with age and hearing loss in the mouse cochlea. Apoptosis 2008; 13:1303-21. [PMID: 18839313 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-008-0266-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
To understand possible causative roles of apoptosis gene regulation in age-related hearing loss (presbycusis), apoptotic gene expression patterns in the CBA mouse cochlea of four different age and hearing loss groups were compared, using GeneChip and real-time (qPCR) microarrays. GeneChip transcriptional expression patterns of 318 apoptosis-related genes were analyzed. Thirty eight probes (35 genes) showed significant differences in expression. The significant gene families include Caspases, B-cell leukemia/lymphoma2 family, P53, Calpains, Mitogen activated protein kinase family, Jun oncogene, Nuclear factor of kappa light chain gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor-related and tumor necrosis factor-related genes. The GeneChip results of 31 genes were validated using the new TaqMan Low Density Array (TLDA). Eight genes showed highly correlated results with the GeneChip data. These genes are: activating transcription factor3, B-cell leukemia/lymphoma2, Bcl2-like1, caspase4 apoptosis-related cysteine protease 4, Calpain2, dual specificity phosphatase9, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member12a, and Tumor necrosis factor superfamily member13b, suggesting they may play critical roles in inner ear aging.
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Tanigawa T, Tanaka H, Hayashi K, Nakayama M, Iwasaki S, Banno S, Takumida M, Brodie H, Inafuku S. Effects of hydrogen peroxide on vestibular hair cells in the guinea pig: importance of cell membrane impairment preceding cell death. Acta Otolaryngol 2008; 128:1196-202. [PMID: 18607894 DOI: 10.1080/00016480801918539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that oxidative stress induces morphological changes in vestibular hair cells and subsequently leads to cell death after 2.5 h. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to confirm the direct effects of oxidative stress on vestibular hair cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Vestibular hair cells isolated from guinea pigs were loaded with 1 or 10 mM H2O2, and morphological changes were observed. In addition, in a viability/cytotoxicity assay system, the numbers of dead cells in isolated cristae ampullares were counted 1, 3, and 5 h after loading with H2O2 or artificial perilymph (control). RESULTS Reactive oxygen, in the form of H2O2, directly affects the cell membrane of isolated vestibular hair cells and causes swelling of the cell body, bleb formation, and shortening of the neck region. Morphological changes occur within 30 min after loading with H2O2, but a significant increase in the number of dead cells is noted only after 3 h.
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Cotanche DA. Genetic and pharmacological intervention for treatment/prevention of hearing loss. JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2008; 41:421-443. [PMID: 18455177 PMCID: PMC2574670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2008.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2008] [Accepted: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Twenty years ago it was first demonstrated that birds could regenerate their cochlear hair cells following noise damage or aminoglycoside treatment. An understanding of how this structural and functional regeneration occurred might lead to the development of therapies for treatment of sensorineural hearing loss in humans. Recent experiments have demonstrated that noise exposure and aminoglycoside treatment lead to apoptosis of the hair cells. In birds, this programmed cell death induces the adjacent supporting cells to undergo regeneration to replace the lost hair cells. Although hair cells in the mammalian cochlea undergo apoptosis in response to noise damage and ototoxic drug treatment, the supporting cells do not possess the ability to undergo regeneration. However, current experiments on genetic manipulation, gene therapy, and stem cell transplantation suggest that regeneration in the mammalian cochlea may eventually be possible and may 1 day provide a therapeutic tool for hearing loss in humans. LEARNING OUTCOMES The reader should be able to: (1) Describe the anatomy of the avian and mammalian cochlea, identify the individual cell types in the organ of Corti, and distinguish major features that participate in hearing function, (2) Demonstrate a knowledge of how sound damage and aminoglycoside poisoning induce apoptosis of hair cells in the cochlea, (3) Define how hair cell loss in the avian cochlea leads to regeneration of new hair cells and distinguish this from the mammalian cochlea where there is no regeneration following damage, and (4) Interpret the potential for new approaches, such as genetic manipulation, gene therapy and stem cell transplantation, could provide a therapeutic approach to hair cell loss in the mammalian cochlea.
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MESH Headings
- Aminoglycosides/toxicity
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Birds
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Genetic Therapy
- Guinea Pigs
- Hair Cells, Auditory/drug effects
- Hair Cells, Auditory/pathology
- Hair Cells, Auditory/physiology
- Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/pathology
- Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/physiopathology
- Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/therapy
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/pathology
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/physiopathology
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/therapy
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Nerve Regeneration/drug effects
- Nerve Regeneration/genetics
- Nerve Regeneration/physiology
- Organ of Corti/drug effects
- Organ of Corti/pathology
- Organ of Corti/physiopathology
- Stem Cell Transplantation
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A Cotanche
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Hearing Research, Department of Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA.
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Taleb M, Brandon CS, Lee FS, Lomax MI, Dillmann WH, Cunningham LL. Hsp70 inhibits aminoglycoside-induced hair cell death and is necessary for the protective effect of heat shock. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2008; 9:277-89. [PMID: 18512096 PMCID: PMC2538150 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-008-0122-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Accepted: 04/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory hair cells of the inner ear are sensitive to death from aging, noise trauma, and ototoxic drugs. Ototoxic drugs include the aminoglycoside antibiotics and the antineoplastic agent cisplatin. Exposure to aminoglycosides results in hair cell death that is mediated by specific apoptotic proteins, including c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and caspases. Induction of heat shock proteins (Hsps) is a highly conserved stress response that can inhibit JNK- and caspase-dependent apoptosis in a variety of systems. We have previously shown that heat shock results in a robust upregulation of Hsps in the hair cells of the adult mouse utricle in vitro. In addition, heat shock results in significant inhibition of both cisplatin- and aminoglycoside-induced hair cell death. In our system, Hsp70 is the most strongly induced Hsp, which is upregulated over 250-fold at the level of mRNA 2 h after heat shock. Therefore, we have begun to examine the role of Hsp70 in mediating the protective effect of heat shock. To determine whether Hsp70 is necessary for the protective effect of heat shock against aminoglycoside-induced hair cell death, we utilized utricles from Hsp70.1/3 (-/-) mice. While heat shock inhibited gentamicin-induced hair cell death in wild-type utricles, utricles from Hsp70.1/3 (-/-) mice were not protected. In addition, we have examined the role of the major heat shock transcription factor, Hsf1, in mediating the protective effect of heat shock. Utricles from Hsf1 (-/-) mice and wild-type littermates were exposed to heat shock followed by gentamicin. The protective effect of heat shock on aminoglycoside-induced hair cell death was only observed in wild-type mice and not in Hsf1 (-/-) mice. To determine whether Hsp70 is sufficient to protect hair cells, we have utilized transgenic mice that constitutively overexpress Hsp70. Utricles from Hsp70-overexpressing mice and wild-type littermates were cultured in the presence of varying neomycin concentrations for 24 h. The Hsp70-overexpressing utricles were significantly protected against neomycin-induced hair cell death at moderate to high doses of neomycin. This protective effect was achieved without a heat shock. Taken together, these data indicate that Hsp70 and Hsf1 are each necessary for the protective effect of heat shock against aminoglycoside-induced death. Furthermore, overexpression of Hsp70 alone significantly inhibits aminoglycoside-induced hair cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Taleb
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403 USA
| | - Carlene S. Brandon
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403 USA
| | - Fu-Shing Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
| | - Margaret I. Lomax
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute and Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Wolfgang H. Dillmann
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Lisa L. Cunningham
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403 USA
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