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Permana BH, Krobthong S, Yingchutrakul Y, Thiravetyan P, Treesubsuntorn C. Sansevieria trifasciata's specific metabolite improves tolerance and efficiency for particulate matter and volatile organic compound removal. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 355:124199. [PMID: 38788990 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Phytoremediation has become famous for removing particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), but the ability is affected by plant health. Lately, the priming technique was a simple approach to studying improving plant tolerance against abiotic stress by specific metabolites that accumulated, known as "memory", but the mechanism underlying this mechanism and how long this "memory" was retained in the plant was a lack of study. Sansevieria trifasciata was primed for one week for PM and VOC stress to improve plant efficiency on PM and VOC. After that, the plant was recovered for two- or five-weeks, then re-exposed to the same stress with similar PM and VOC concentrations from cigarette smoke. Primed S. trifasciata showed improved removal of PMs entirely within 2 h and VOC within 24 h. The primed plant can maintain a malondialdehyde (MDA) level and retain the "memory" for two weeks. Metabolomics analysis showed that an ornithine-related compound was accumulated as a responsive metabolite under exposure to PM and VOC stress. Exogenous ornithine can maintain plant efficiency and prevent stress by increasing proline and antioxidant enzymes. This study is the first to demonstrate plant "memory" mechanisms under PM and VOC stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayu Hadi Permana
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Sucheewin Krobthong
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Yodying Yingchutrakul
- Proteomics Research Team, National Omics Center, NSTDA, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Paitip Thiravetyan
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Chairat Treesubsuntorn
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand.
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Ali H, Mahmood I, Ali MF, Waheed A, Jawad H, Hussain S, Abasi F, Zulfiqar U, Siddiqui MH, Alamri S. Individual and interactive effects of amino acid and paracetamol on growth, physiological and biochemical aspects of Brassica napus L . under drought conditions. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31544. [PMID: 38882271 PMCID: PMC11176763 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Drought stress poses a significant threat to Brassica napus (L.), impacting its growth, yield, and profitability. This study investigates the effects of foliar application of individual and interactive pharmaceutical (Paracetamol; 0 and 250 mg L-1) and amino acid (0 and 4 ml/L) on the growth, physiology, and yield of B. napus under drought stress. Seedlings were subjected to varying levels of drought stress (100% field capacity (FC; control) and 50% FC). Sole amino acid application significantly improved chlorophyll content, proline content, and relative water contents, as well as the activities of antioxidative enzymes (such as superoxide dismutase and catalase) while potentially decreased malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents under drought stress conditions. Pearson correlation analysis revealed strong positive correlations between these parameters and seed yield (R2 = 0.8-1), indicating their potential to enhance seed yield. On the contrary, sole application of paracetamol exhibited toxic effects on seedling growth and physiological aspects of B. napus. Furthermore, the combined application of paracetamol and amino acids disrupted physio-biochemical functions, leading to reduced yield. Overall, sole application of amino acids proves to be more effective in ameliorating the negative effects of drought on B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Ali
- Department of Agronomy, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Murree Road, Rawalpindi, Punjab, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Imran Mahmood
- Department of Agronomy, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Murree Road, Rawalpindi, Punjab, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faizan Ali
- Department of Agronomy, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Murree Road, Rawalpindi, Punjab, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Alishba Waheed
- Department of Life Sciences, Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan Punjab, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Husnain Jawad
- Agronomic Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, 38850, Pakistan
| | - Sadam Hussain
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Fozia Abasi
- Department of Life Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Usman Zulfiqar
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Manzer H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alamri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Permana BH, Thiravetyan P, Treesubsuntorn C. Exogenous of different elicitors: proline and ornithine on Sansevieria trifasciata under particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic compounds (VOC). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:34028-34037. [PMID: 38693456 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33513-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Phytoremediation has become famous for removing particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) in situ. Plants for removing PM and VOC were associated with botanical biofilters to attract pollution to the plant. On the other hand, persistent pollution exposure can lower plant health and phytoremediation effectiveness; therefore, improving plant tolerance against stress is necessary. Various elicitors can enhance plant tolerance to certain stressors. This study aims to investigate different elicitors to maintain plant health and improve the use of plants in phytoremediation for PM and VOC pollution. This experiment used Sansevieria trifasciata hort. ex Prain under PM and VOC stress. Exogenous elicitors, such as proline, ornithine, and a commercial product, were applied to the leaf parts before exposure to PM and VOC stress. The initial concentrations of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 were 300-350, 350-450, and 400-500 µg m-3, respectively, while the VOC concentration was 2.5-3.0 mg m-3. The plant was stressed for 7 days. The result indicated that ornithine 10 mM is vital in improving plant tolerance and inducing antioxidant enzymes against PM and VOC, while proline 50 mM and a commercial product could not reduce plant stress. This study suggests that ornithine might be an important metabolite to improve plant tolerance to PM and VOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayu Hadi Permana
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Paitip Thiravetyan
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Chairat Treesubsuntorn
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand.
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Yolcu S, Skorupa M, Uras ME, Mazur J, Ozyiğit II. Genome-wide identification, phylogenetic classification of histone acetyltransferase genes, and their expression analysis in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) under salt stress. PLANTA 2024; 259:85. [PMID: 38448714 PMCID: PMC10917867 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04361-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION This study identified seven histone acetyltransferase-encoding genes (HATs) from Beta vulgaris L. (sugar beet) genome through bioinformatics tools and analyzed their expression profiles under salt stress. Sugar beet HATs are phylogenetically divided into four families: GNAT, MYST, CBP, and TAFII250. The BvHAT genes were differentially transcribed in leaves, stems, and roots of B. vulgaris salt-resistant (Casino) and -sensitive (Bravo) cultivars under salt stress. Histone acetylation is regulated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs), which catalyze ɛ-amino bond formation between lysine residues and acetyl groups with a cofactor, acetyl-CoA. Even though the HATs are known to participate in stress response and development in model plants, little is known about the functions of HATs in crops. In sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), they have not yet been identified and characterized. Here, an in silico analysis of the HAT gene family in sugar beet was performed, and their expression patterns in leaves, stems, and roots of B. vulgaris were analyzed under salt stress. Salt-resistant (Casino) and -sensitive (Bravo) beet cultivars were used for gene expression assays. Seven HATs were identified from sugar beet genome, and named BvHAG1, BvHAG2, BvHAG3, BvHAG4, BvHAC1, BvHAC2, and BvHAF1. The HAT proteins were divided into 4 groups including MYST, GNAT (GCN5, HAT1, ELP3), CBP and TAFII250. Analysis of cis-acting elements indicated that the BvHAT genes might be involved in hormonal regulation, light response, plant development, and abiotic stress response. The BvHAT genes were differentially expressed in leaves, stems, and roots under control and 300 mM NaCl. In roots of B. vulgaris cv. Bravo, the BvHAG1, BvHAG2, BvHAG4, BvHAF1, and BvHAC1 genes were dramatically expressed after 7 and 14 days of salt stress. Interestingly, the BvHAC2 gene was not expressed under both control and stress conditions. However, the expression of BvHAG2, BvHAG3, BvHAG4, BvHAC1, BvHAC2 genes showed a significant increase in response to salt stress in the roots of cv. Casino. This study provides new insights into the potential roles of histone acetyltransferases in sugar beet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seher Yolcu
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956, Istanbul, Türkiye.
| | - Monika Skorupa
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100, Torun, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Mehmet Emin Uras
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Haliç University, 34060, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Justyna Mazur
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100, Torun, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Ibrahim Ilker Ozyiğit
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Marmara University, 34722, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Yang Y, Cai Q, Luo L, Sun Z, Li L. Genome-Wide Analysis of C-Repeat Binding Factor Gene Family in Capsicum baccatum and Functional Exploration in Low-Temperature Response. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:549. [PMID: 38498531 PMCID: PMC10891952 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Capsicum baccatum is a close relative of edible chili peppers (Capsicum annuum) with high economic value. The CBF gene family plays an important role in plant stress resistance physiology. We detected a total of five CBF genes in the C. baccatum genome-wide sequencing data. These genes were scattered irregularly across four chromosomes. The genes were categorized into three groupings according to their evolutionary relationships, with genes in the same category showing comparable principles for motif composition. The 2000 bp upstream of CbCBF contains many resistance-responsive elements, hormone-responsive elements, and transcription factor binding sites. These findings emphasize the crucial functions of these genes in responding to challenging conditions and physiological regulation. Analysis of tissue-specific expression revealed that CbCBF3 exhibited the greatest level of expression among all tissues. Under conditions of low-temperature stress, all CbCBF genes exhibited different levels of responsiveness, with CbCBF3 showing a considerable up-regulation after 0.25 h of cold stress, indicating a high sensitivity to low-temperature response. The importance of the CbCBF3 gene in the cold response of C. baccatum was confirmed by the use of virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology, as well as the prediction of its protein interaction network. To summarize, this study conducts a thorough bioinformatics investigation of the CbCBF gene family, showcases the practicality of employing VIGS technology in C. baccatum, and confirms the significance of the CbCBF3 gene in response to low temperatures. These findings provide significant references for future research on the adaptation of C. baccatum to low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Yang
- College of Geography and Ecotourism, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China;
| | - Qihang Cai
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Q.C.); (L.L.)
- Yunnan International Joint R&D Center for Intergrated Utilization of Ornamental Grass, International Technological Cooperation Base of High Effective Economic Forestry Cultivating of Yunnan Province, South and Southeast Asia Joint R&D Center of Economic Forest Full Industry Chain of Yunnan Province, College of Landscape and Horticulture, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Li Luo
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Q.C.); (L.L.)
| | - Zhenghai Sun
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Q.C.); (L.L.)
- Yunnan International Joint R&D Center for Intergrated Utilization of Ornamental Grass, International Technological Cooperation Base of High Effective Economic Forestry Cultivating of Yunnan Province, South and Southeast Asia Joint R&D Center of Economic Forest Full Industry Chain of Yunnan Province, College of Landscape and Horticulture, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Liping Li
- College of Wetland, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
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Xue G, Wu W, Fan Y, Ma C, Xiong R, Bai Q, Yao X, Weng W, Cheng J, Ruan J. Genome-wide identification, evolution, and role of SPL gene family in beet (Beta vulgaris L.) under cold stress. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:101. [PMID: 38262939 PMCID: PMC10804631 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-09995-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SPL transcription factors play vital roles in regulating plant growth, development, and abiotic stress responses. Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), one of the world's main sugar-producing crops, is a major source of edible and industrial sugars for humans. Although the SPL gene family has been extensively identified in other species, no reports on the SPL gene family in sugar beet are available. RESULTS Eight BvSPL genes were identified at the whole-genome level and were renamed based on their positions on the chromosome. The gene structure, SBP domain sequences, and phylogenetic relationship with Arabidopsis were analyzed for the sugar beet SPL gene family. The eight BvSPL genes were divided into six groups (II, IV, V, VI, VII, and VIII). Of the BvSPL genes, no tandem duplication events were found, but one pair of segmental duplications was present. Multiple cis-regulatory elements related to growth and development were identified in the 2000-bp region upstream of the BvSPL gene start codon (ATG). Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the expression profiles of the eight BvSPL genes were examined under eight types of abiotic stress and during the maturation stage. BvSPL transcription factors played a vital role in abiotic stress, with BvSPL3 and BvSPL6 being particularly noteworthy. CONCLUSION Eight sugar beet SPL genes were identified at the whole-genome level. Phylogenetic trees, gene structures, gene duplication events, and expression profiles were investigated. The qRT-PCR analysis indicated that BvSPLs play a substantial role in the growth and development of sugar beet, potentially participating in the regulation of root expansion and sugar accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxing Xue
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijiao Wu
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Xinjiang Institute of Technology, 843199, Aksu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Ma
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqi Xiong
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Bai
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yao
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfeng Weng
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Cheng
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjun Ruan
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, People's Republic of China.
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Wang P, Wan Z, Luo S, Wei H, Zhao J, Wang G, Yu J, Zhang G. Silencing the CsSnRK2.11 Gene Decreases Drought Tolerance of Cucumis sativus L. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15761. [PMID: 37958744 PMCID: PMC10649623 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought stress restricts vegetable growth, and abscisic acid plays an important role in its regulation. Sucrose non-fermenting1-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) is a key enzyme in regulating ABA signal transduction in plants, and it plays a significant role in response to multiple abiotic stresses. Our previous experiments demonstrated that the SnRK2.11 gene exhibits a significant response to drought stress in cucumbers. To further investigate the function of SnRK2.11 under drought stress, we used VIGS (virus-induced gene silencing) technology to silence this gene and conducted RNA-seq analysis. The SnRK2.11-silencing plants displayed increased sensitivity to drought stress, which led to stunted growth and increased wilting speed. Moreover, various physiological parameters related to photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf water content, chlorophyll content, and antioxidant enzyme activity were significantly reduced. The intercellular CO2 concentration, non-photochemical burst coefficient, and malondialdehyde and proline content were significantly increased. RNA-seq analysis identified 534 differentially expressed genes (DEGs): 311 were upregulated and 223 were downregulated. GO functional annotation analysis indicated that these DEGs were significantly enriched for molecular functions related to host cells, enzyme activity, and stress responses. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis further revealed that these DEGs were significantly enriched in phytohormone signalling, MAPK signalling, and carotenoid biosynthesis pathways, all of which were associated with abscisic acid. This study used VIGS technology and transcriptome data to investigate the role of CsSnRK2.11 under drought stress, offering valuable insights into the mechanism of the SnRK2 gene in enhancing drought resistance in cucumbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (P.W.); (Z.W.); (S.L.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (G.W.); (J.Y.)
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zilong Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (P.W.); (Z.W.); (S.L.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (G.W.); (J.Y.)
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Shilei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (P.W.); (Z.W.); (S.L.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (G.W.); (J.Y.)
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Haotai Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (P.W.); (Z.W.); (S.L.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (G.W.); (J.Y.)
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jianuo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (P.W.); (Z.W.); (S.L.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (G.W.); (J.Y.)
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Guoshuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (P.W.); (Z.W.); (S.L.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (G.W.); (J.Y.)
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jihua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (P.W.); (Z.W.); (S.L.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (G.W.); (J.Y.)
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Guobin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (P.W.); (Z.W.); (S.L.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (G.W.); (J.Y.)
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Alavilli H, Yolcu S, Skorupa M, Aciksoz SB, Asif M. Salt and drought stress-mitigating approaches in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) to improve its performance and yield. PLANTA 2023; 258:30. [PMID: 37358618 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04189-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Although sugar beet is a salt- and drought-tolerant crop, high salinity, and water deprivation significantly reduce its yield and growth. Several reports have demonstrated stress tolerance enhancement through stress-mitigating strategies including the exogenous application of osmolytes or metabolites, nanoparticles, seed treatments, breeding salt/drought-tolerant varieties. These approaches would assist in achieving sustainable yields despite global climatic changes. Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is an economically vital crop for ~ 30% of world sugar production. They also provide essential raw materials for bioethanol, animal fodder, pulp, pectin, and functional food-related industries. Due to fewer irrigation water requirements and shorter regeneration time than sugarcane, beet cultivation is spreading to subtropical climates from temperate climates. However, beet varieties from different geographical locations display different stress tolerance levels. Although sugar beet can endure moderate exposure to various abiotic stresses, including high salinity and drought, prolonged exposure to salt and drought stress causes a significant decrease in crop yield and production. Hence, plant biologists and agronomists have devised several strategies to mitigate the stress-induced damage to sugar beet cultivation. Recently, several studies substantiated that the exogenous application of osmolytes or metabolite substances can help plants overcome injuries induced by salt or drought stress. Furthermore, these compounds likely elicit different physio-biochemical impacts, including improving nutrient/ionic homeostasis, photosynthetic efficiency, strengthening defense response, and water status improvement under various abiotic stress conditions. In the current review, we compiled different stress-mitigating agricultural strategies, prospects, and future experiments that can secure sustainable yields for sugar beets despite high saline or drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemasundar Alavilli
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM (Deemed to be) University, Visakhapatnam, 530045, India
| | - Seher Yolcu
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey.
| | - Monika Skorupa
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100, Torun, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Seher Bahar Aciksoz
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey
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Malécange M, Sergheraert R, Teulat B, Mounier E, Lothier J, Sakr S. Biostimulant Properties of Protein Hydrolysates: Recent Advances and Future Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119714. [PMID: 37298664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, plant biostimulants have been increasingly used in agriculture as environment-friendly tools that improve the sustainability and resilience of crop production systems under environmental stresses. Protein hydrolysates (PHs) are a main category of biostimulants produced by chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins from animal or plant sources. Mostly composed of amino acids and peptides, PHs have a beneficial effect on multiple physiological processes, including photosynthetic activity, nutrient assimilation and translocation, and also quality parameters. They also seem to have hormone-like activities. Moreover, PHs enhance tolerance to abiotic stresses, notably through the stimulation of protective processes such as cell antioxidant activity and osmotic adjustment. Knowledge on their mode of action, however, is still piecemeal. The aims of this review are as follows: (i) Giving a comprehensive overview of current findings about the hypothetical mechanisms of action of PHs; (ii) Emphasizing the knowledge gaps that deserve to be urgently addressed with a view to efficiently improve the benefits of biostimulants for different plant crops in the context of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe Malécange
- Institut Agro, Univ Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QuaSaV, 49000 Angers, France
- BCF Life Sciences, Boisel, 56140 Pleucadeuc, France
| | | | - Béatrice Teulat
- Institut Agro, Univ Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QuaSaV, 49000 Angers, France
| | | | - Jérémy Lothier
- Institut Agro, Univ Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QuaSaV, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Soulaiman Sakr
- Institut Agro, Univ Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QuaSaV, 49000 Angers, France
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10
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Mechanisms and Applications of Bacterial Inoculants in Plant Drought Stress Tolerance. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020502. [PMID: 36838467 PMCID: PMC9958599 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Agricultural systems are highly affected by climatic factors such as temperature, rain, humidity, wind, and solar radiation, so the climate and its changes are major risk factors for agricultural activities. A small portion of the agricultural areas of Brazil is irrigated, while the vast majority directly depends on the natural variations of the rains. The increase in temperatures due to climate change will lead to increased water consumption by farmers and a reduction in water availability, putting production capacity at risk. Drought is a limiting environmental factor for plant growth and one of the natural phenomena that most affects agricultural productivity. The response of plants to water stress is complex and involves coordination between gene expression and its integration with hormones. Studies suggest that bacteria have mechanisms to mitigate the effects of water stress and promote more significant growth in these plant species. The underlined mechanism involves root-to-shoot phenotypic changes in growth rate, architecture, hydraulic conductivity, water conservation, plant cell protection, and damage restoration through integrating phytohormones modulation, stress-induced enzymatic apparatus, and metabolites. Thus, this review aims to demonstrate how plant growth-promoting bacteria could mitigate negative responses in plants exposed to water stress and provide examples of technological conversion applied to agroecosystems.
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Malambane G, Madumane K, Sewelo LT, Batlang U. Drought stress tolerance mechanisms and their potential common indicators to salinity, insights from the wild watermelon (Citrullus lanatus): A review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1074395. [PMID: 36815012 PMCID: PMC9939662 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1074395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has escalated the effect of drought on crop production as it has negatively altered the environmental condition. Wild watermelon grows abundantly in the Kgalagadi desert even though the environment is characterized by minimal rainfall, high temperatures and intense sunshine during growing season. This area is also characterized by sandy soils with low water holding capacity, thus bringing about drought stress. Drought stress affects crop productivity through its effects on development and physiological functions as dictated by molecular responses. Not only one or two physiological process or genes are responsible for drought tolerance, but a combination of various factors do work together to aid crop tolerance mechanism. Various studies have shown that wild watermelon possess superior qualities that aid its survival in unfavorable conditions. These mechanisms include resilient root growth, timely stomatal closure, chlorophyll fluorescence quenching under water deficit as key physiological responses. At biochemical and molecular level, the crop responds through citrulline accumulation and expression of genes associated with drought tolerance in this species and other plants. Previous salinity stress studies involving other plants have identified citrulline accumulation and expression of some of these genes (chloroplast APX, Type-2 metallothionein), to be associated with tolerance. Emerging evidence indicates that the upstream of functional genes are the transcription factor that regulates drought and salinity stress responses as well as adaptation. In this review we discuss the drought tolerance mechanisms in watermelons and some of its common indicators to salinity at physiological, biochemical and molecular level.
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Alghamdi SA, Alharby HF, Bamagoos AA, Zaki SNS, Abu El-Hassan AMA, Desoky ESM, Mohamed IAA, Rady MM. Rebalancing Nutrients, Reinforcing Antioxidant and Osmoregulatory Capacity, and Improving Yield Quality in Drought-Stressed Phaseolus vulgaris by Foliar Application of a Bee-Honey Solution. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:plants12010063. [PMID: 36616192 PMCID: PMC9823359 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bee-honey solution (BHS) is considered a plant growth multi-biostimulator because it is rich in osmoprotectants, antioxidants, vitamins, and mineral nutrients that can promote drought stress (DtS) resistance in common bean plants. As a novel strategy, BHS has been used in a few studies, which shows that the application of BHS can overcome the stress effects on plant productivity and can contribute significantly to bridging the gap between agricultural production and the steady increase in population under climate changes. Under sufficient watering (SW (100% of crop evapotranspiration; ETc) and DtS (60% of ETc)), the enhancing impacts of foliar application with BHS (0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%) on growth, productivity, yield quality, physiological-biochemical indices, antioxidative defense ingredients, and nutrient status were examined in common bean plants (cultivar Bronco). DtS considerably decreased growth and yield traits, green pod quality, and water use efficiency (WUE); however, application of BHS at all concentrations significantly increased all of these parameters under normal or DtS conditions. Membrane stability index, relative water content, nutrient contents, SPAD (chlorophyll content), and PSII efficiency (Fv/Fm, photochemical activity, and performance index) were markedly reduced under DtS; however, they increased significantly under normal or DtS conditions by foliar spraying of BHS at all concentrations. The negative impacts of DtS were due to increased oxidants [hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide (O2•-)], electrolyte leakage (EL), and malondialdehyde (MDA). As a result, the activity of the antioxidant system (ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, α-tocopherol, glutathione, and ascorbate) and levels of osmoprotectants (soluble protein, soluble sugars, glycine betaine, and proline) were increased. However, all BHS concentrations further increased osmoprotectant and antioxidant capacity, along with decreased MDA and EL under DtS. What is interesting in this study was that a BHS concentration of 1.0% gave the best results under SW, while a BHS concentration of 1.5% gave the best results under DtS. Therefore, a BHS concentration of 1.5% could be a viable strategy to mitigate the DtS impairment in common beans to achieve satisfactory growth, productivity, and green pod quality under DtS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameera A. Alghamdi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham F. Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atif A. Bamagoos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safi-naz S. Zaki
- Department of Water Relations and Field Irrigation, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | | | - El-Sayed M. Desoky
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | | | - Mostafa M. Rady
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
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Li XY, Wang Y, Hou XY, Chen Y, Li CX, Ma XR. Flexible response and rapid recovery strategies of the plateau forage Poa crymophila to cold and drought. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:970496. [PMID: 36426156 PMCID: PMC9681527 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.970496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cold and drought stress are the two most severe abiotic stresses in alpine regions. Poa crymophila is widely grown in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with strong tolerance. Here, by profiling gene expression patterns and metabolomics-associated transcriptomics co-expression network, the acclimation of Poa crymophila to the two stresses was characterized. (1) The genes and metabolites with stress tolerance were induced by cold and drought, while those related with growth were inhibited, and most of them were restored faster after stresses disappeared. In particular, the genes for the photosynthesis system had strong resilience. (2) Additionally, cold and drought activated hypoxia and UV-B adaptation genes, indicating long-term life on the plateau could produce special adaptations. (3) Phenolamines, polyamines, and amino acids, especially N',N″,N'″-p-coumaroyl-cinnamoyl-caffeoyl spermidine, putrescine, and arginine, play key roles in harsh environments. Flexible response and quick recovery are strategies for adaptation to drought and cold in P. crymophila, accounting for its robust tolerance and resilience. In this study, we presented a comprehensive stress response profile of P. crymophila and provided many candidate genes or metabolites for future forage improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin-Yi Hou
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cai-Xia Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin-Rong Ma
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Zhang M, Liu N, Teixeira da Silva JA, Liu X, Deng R, Yao Y, Duan J, He C. Physiological and transcriptomic analysis uncovers salinity stress mechanisms in a facultative crassulacean acid metabolism plant Dendrobium officinale. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1028245. [PMID: 36275597 PMCID: PMC9582936 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1028245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dendrobium officinale is a precious medicinal Chinese herb that employs facultative crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) and has a high degree of abiotic stress tolerance, but the molecular mechanism underlying the response of this orchid to abiotic stresses is poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed the root microstructure of D. officinale plantlets and verified the presence of chloroplasts by transmission electron microscopy. To obtain a more comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanism underlying their tolerance to abiotic stress, we performed whole-transcriptome sequencing of the roots of 10-month-old plantlets exposed to salt (NaCl) treatment in a time-course experiment (0, 4 and 12 h). The total of 7376 differentially expressed genes that were identified were grouped into three clusters (P < 0.05). Metabolic pathway analysis revealed that the expression of genes related to hormone (such as auxins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, ethylene and jasmonic acid) biosynthesis and response, as well as the expression of genes related to photosynthesis, amino acid and flavonoid metabolism, and the SOS pathway, were either up- or down-regulated after salt treatment. Additionally, we identified an up-regulated WRKY transcription factor, DoWRKY69, whose ectopic expression in Arabidopsis promoted seed germination under salt tress. Collectively, our findings provide a greater understanding of the salt stress response mechanisms in the roots of a facultative CAM plant. A number of candidate genes that were discovered may help plants to cope with salt stress when introduced via genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingze Zhang
- The Department of Life Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun, China
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Xuncheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rufang Deng
- Opening Public Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxian Yao
- The Department of Life Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun, China
| | - Jun Duan
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunmei He
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Hussein HAA, Alshammari SO. Cysteine mitigates the effect of NaCl salt toxicity in flax (Linum usitatissimum L) plants by modulating antioxidant systems. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11359. [PMID: 35790862 PMCID: PMC9256724 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14689-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Agriculture, the main water-consuming factor, faces a global water scarcity crisis. Saline water is an alternative water source, while excess NaCl decreases plant growth and productivity of crops. L-cysteine (Cys) is a promising thiol amino acid in plant growth and development. Flax; Linum usitatissimum L. is an economical plant with low salt tolerance. NaCl salt stress at 50 and 100 mM inhibited the growth parameters, the photosynthetic pigments, total soluble sugars, total phenols, and amino nitrogen in flax plants. Salt stress led to a marked rise in proline and lipid peroxidation and altered the protein profile. Foliar application of cysteine at 0.8 and 1.6 mM mitigates the unfriendly effects of NaCl stress on flax plants. Cysteine enhanced the growth traits, photosynthetic pigments, amino nitrogen, total phenols, and new polypeptides in NaCl-stressed plants. However, cysteine declined the total sugars, proline, the activity of peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase. The results confirmed that cysteine had reductant properties. Furthermore, it decreased the NaCl oxidative stress and maintained the stability of membranes by lowering lipid peroxidation. Overall, the redox capacity of L-cysteine is the cause behind its potential counteracting of the adverse effects of NaCl toxicity on the growth of flax plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebat-Allah A Hussein
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science (Girls Branch), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11754, Egypt. .,Biology Department, University College of Nairiyah, University of Hafr Al-Batin (UHB), Nairiyah, 31991, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shifaa O Alshammari
- Biology Department, College of Science, University of Hafr Al-Batin (UHB), Hafr Al Batin, 31991, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Priming with Small Molecule-Based Biostimulants to Improve Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11101287. [PMID: 35631712 PMCID: PMC9144751 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Biostimulants became a hotspot in the fight to alleviate the consequences of abiotic stresses in crops. Due to their complex nature, it is challenging to obtain stable and reproducible final products and more challenging to define their mechanism of action. As an alternative, small molecule-based biostimulants, such as polyamines have promoted plant growth and improved stress tolerance. However, profound research about their mechanisms of action is still missing. To go further, we tested the effect of putrescine (Put) and its precursor ornithine (Orn) and degradation product 1,3-diaminopropane (DAP) at two different concentrations (0.1 and 1 mM) as a seed priming on in vitro Arabidopsis seedlings grown under optimal growth conditions, osmotic or salt stress. None of the primings affected the growth of the seedlings in optimal conditions but altered the metabolism of the plants. Under stress conditions, almost all primed plants grew better and improved their greenness. Only Orn-primed plants showed different plant responses. Interestingly, the metabolic analysis revealed the implication of the N- acetylornithine and Orn and polyamine conjugation as the leading player regulating growth and development under control and stress conditions. We corroborated polyamines as very powerful small molecule-based biostimulants to alleviate the adverse abiotic stress effects.
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17
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Hussein HAA, Alshammari SO, Kenawy SKM, Elkady FM, Badawy AA. Grain-Priming with L-Arginine Improves the Growth Performance of Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) Plants under Drought Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11091219. [PMID: 35567220 PMCID: PMC9100063 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Drought is the main limiting abiotic environmental stress worldwide. Water scarcity restricts the growth, development, and productivity of crops. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a fundamentally cultivated cereal crop. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of grain-priming with arginine (0.25, 0.5, and 1 mM) on growth performance and some physiological aspects of wheat plants under normal or drought-stressed conditions. Morphological growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, free amino acids, proline, total phenols, flavonoids, and proteins profiles were determined. Drought stress lowered plant growth parameters and chlorophyll a and b contents while increasing carotenoids, soluble sugars, free amino acids, proline, total phenols, and flavonoids. Soaking wheat grains with arginine (0.25, 0.5, and 1 mM) improves plant growth and mitigates the harmful effects of drought stress. The most effective treatment to alleviate the effects of drought stress on wheat plants was (1 mM) arginine, that increased root length (48.3%), leaves number (136%), shoot fresh weight (110.5%), root fresh weight (110.8%), root dry weight (107.7%), chlorophyll a (11.4%), chlorophyll b (38.7%), and carotenoids content (41.9%) compared to the corresponding control values. Arginine enhanced the synthesis of soluble sugars, proline, free amino acids, phenols, and flavonoids in wheat plants under normal or stressed conditions. Furthermore, the protein profile varies in response to drought stress and arginine pretreatments. Ultimately, pretreatment with arginine had a powerful potential to face the impacts of drought stress on wheat plants by promoting physiological and metabolic aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebat-Allah A. Hussein
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science (Girls Branch), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11754, Egypt; (H.-A.A.H.); (S.K.M.K.)
- Biology Department, University College of Nairiyah, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Nairiyah 31991, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shifaa O. Alshammari
- Biology Department, College of Science, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr Al-Batin 31991, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sahar K. M. Kenawy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science (Girls Branch), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11754, Egypt; (H.-A.A.H.); (S.K.M.K.)
| | - Fatma M. Elkady
- National Research Centre, Department of Botany, Dokki, Giza 12311, Egypt;
| | - Ali A. Badawy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-1006069161
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18
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Gupta R, Min CW, Son S, Lee GH, Jang JW, Kwon SW, Park SR, Kim ST. Comparative proteome profiling of susceptible and resistant rice cultivars identified an arginase involved in rice defense against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 171:105-114. [PMID: 34979446 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), the causative agent of bacterial blight, is one of the major threats to rice productivity. Yet, the molecular mechanism of rice-Xoo interaction is elusive. Here, we report comparative proteome profiles of Xoo susceptible (Dongjin) and resistant (Hwayeong) cultivars of rice in response to two-time points (3 and 6 days) of Xoo infection. Low-abundance proteins were enriched using a protamine sulfate (PS) precipitation method and isolated proteins were quantified by a label-free quantitative analysis, leading to the identification of 3846 proteins. Of these, 1128 proteins were significantly changed between mock and Xoo infected plants of Dongjin and Hwayeong cultivars. Based on the abundance pattern and functions of the identified proteins, a total of 23 candidate proteins were shortlisted that potentially participate in plant defense against Xoo in the resistant cultivar. Of these candidate proteins, a mitochondrial arginase-1 showed Hwayeong specific abundance and was significantly accumulated following Xoo inoculation. Overexpression of arginase 1 (OsArg 1) in susceptible rice cultivar (Dongjin) resulted in enhanced tolerance against Xoo as compared to the wild-type. In addition, expression analysis of defense-related genes encoding PR1, glucanase I, and chitinase II by qRT-PCR showed their enhanced expression in the overexpression lines as compared to wild-type. Taken together, our results uncover the proteome changes in the rice cultivars and highlight the functions of OsARG1 in plant defense against Xoo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Gupta
- College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, South Korea
| | - Cheol Woo Min
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, South Korea
| | - Seungmin Son
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Hyun Lee
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, South Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Jang
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, South Korea
| | - Soon Wook Kwon
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, South Korea
| | - Sang Ryeol Park
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun Tae Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, South Korea.
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Zhang H, Sun X, Dai M. Improving crop drought resistance with plant growth regulators and rhizobacteria: Mechanisms, applications, and perspectives. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100228. [PMID: 35059626 PMCID: PMC8760038 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Drought is one of the main abiotic stresses that cause crop yield loss. Improving crop yield under drought stress is a major goal of crop breeding, as it is critical to food security. The mechanism of plant drought resistance has been well studied, and diverse drought resistance genes have been identified in recent years, but transferring this knowledge from the laboratory to field production remains a significant challenge. Recently, some new strategies have become research frontiers owing to their advantages of low cost, convenience, strong field operability, and/or environmental friendliness. Exogenous plant growth regulator (PGR) treatment and microbe-based plant biotechnology have been used to effectively improve crop drought tolerance and preserve yield under drought stress. However, our understanding of the mechanisms by which PGRs regulate plant drought resistance and of plant-microbiome interactions under drought is still incomplete. In this review, we summarize these two strategies reported in recent studies, focusing on the mechanisms by which these exogenous treatments regulate crop drought resistance. Finally, future challenges and directions in crop drought resistance breeding are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaopeng Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mingqiu Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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20
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Islam MJ, Uddin MJ, Hossain MA, Henry R, Begum MK, Sohel MAT, Mou MA, Ahn J, Cheong EJ, Lim YS. Exogenous putrescine attenuates the negative impact of drought stress by modulating physio-biochemical traits and gene expression in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262099. [PMID: 34995297 PMCID: PMC8741020 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought tolerance is a complex trait controlled by many metabolic pathways and genes and identifying a solution to increase the resilience of plants to drought stress is one of the grand challenges in plant biology. This study provided compelling evidence of increased drought stress tolerance in two sugar beet genotypes when treated with exogenous putrescine (Put) at the seedling stage. Morpho-physiological and biochemical traits and gene expression were assessed in thirty-day-old sugar beet seedlings subjected to drought stress with or without Put (0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 mM) application. Sugar beet plants exposed to drought stress exhibited a significant decline in growth and development as evidenced by root and shoot growth characteristics, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzyme activities, and gene expression. Drought stress resulted in a sharp increase in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (89.4 and 118% in SBT-010 and BSRI Sugar beet 2, respectively) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (35.6 and 27.1% in SBT-010 and BSRI Sugar beet 2, respectively). These changes were strongly linked to growth retardation as evidenced by principal component analysis (PCA) and heatmap clustering. Importantly, Put-sprayed plants suffered from less oxidative stress as indicated by lower H2O2 and MDA accumulation. They better regulated the physiological processes supporting growth, dry matter accumulation, photosynthetic pigmentation and gas exchange, relative water content; modulated biochemical changes including proline, total soluble carbohydrate, total soluble sugar, and ascorbic acid; and enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes and gene expression. PCA results strongly suggested that Put conferred drought tolerance mostly by enhancing antioxidant enzymes activities that regulated homeostasis of reactive oxygen species. These findings collectively provide an important illustration of the use of Put in modulating drought tolerance in sugar beet plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jahirul Islam
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Physiology and Sugar Chemistry Division, Bangladesh Sugarcrop Research institute, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jalal Uddin
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Research Group for Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology and Centre for New Antibacterial Strategies (CANS), UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Mohammad Anwar Hossain
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Robert Henry
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Mst. Kohinoor Begum
- Physiology and Sugar Chemistry Division, Bangladesh Sugarcrop Research institute, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abu Taher Sohel
- Agronomy and Farming System Division, Bangladesh Sugarcrop Research Institute, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh
| | - Masuma Akter Mou
- Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Juhee Ahn
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cheong
- Division of Forest Science, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Young-Seok Lim
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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González-Hernández AI, Scalschi L, Troncho P, García-Agustín P, Camañes G. Putrescine biosynthetic pathways modulate root growth differently in tomato seedlings grown under different N sources. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 268:153560. [PMID: 34798464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of putrescine is mainly driven by arginine decarboxylase (ADC) and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). Hence, in this study, we generated independent ADC and ODC transgenic silenced tomato lines (SilADC and SilODC, respectively) to test the effect of defective ADC and ODC gene expression on root development under nitrate (NN) or ammonium (NA) conditions. The results showed that SilODC seedlings displayed an increase in ADC expression that led to polyamine accumulation, suggesting a compensatory effect of ADC. However, this effect was not observed in SilADC seedlings. These pathways are involved in different growth processes. The SilADC seedlings showed an increase in fresh weight, shoot length, lateral root number and shoot:root ratio under the NN source and an enhancement in fresh weight, and shoot and root length under NA conditions. However, SilODC seedlings displayed greater weight and shoot length under the NN source, whereas a decrease in lateral root density was found under NA conditions. Moreover, two overexpressed ODC lines were generated to check the relevance of the compensatory effect of the ADC pathway when ODC was silenced. These overexpressed lines showed not only an enhancement of almost all the studied growth parameters under both N sources but also an amelioration of ammonium syndrome under NA conditions. Together, these results reflect the importance of both pathways in plant growth, particularly ODC silencing, which requires compensation by ADC induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel González-Hernández
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y Del Medio Natural, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Loredana Scalschi
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y Del Medio Natural, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Pilar Troncho
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y Del Medio Natural, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Pilar García-Agustín
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y Del Medio Natural, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Gemma Camañes
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y Del Medio Natural, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castellón, Spain.
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22
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Yolcu S, Alavilli H, Ganesh P, Asif M, Kumar M, Song K. An Insight into the Abiotic Stress Responses of Cultivated Beets ( Beta vulgaris L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:plants11010012. [PMID: 35009016 PMCID: PMC8747243 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated beets (sugar beets, fodder beets, leaf beets, and garden beets) belonging to the species Beta vulgaris L. are important sources for many products such as sugar, bioethanol, animal feed, human nutrition, pulp residue, pectin extract, and molasses. Beta maritima L. (sea beet or wild beet) is a halophytic wild ancestor of all cultivated beets. With a requirement of less water and having shorter growth period than sugarcane, cultivated beets are preferentially spreading from temperate regions to subtropical countries. The beet cultivars display tolerance to several abiotic stresses such as salt, drought, cold, heat, and heavy metals. However, many environmental factors adversely influence growth, yield, and quality of beets. Hence, selection of stress-tolerant beet varieties and knowledge on the response mechanisms of beet cultivars to different abiotic stress factors are most required. The present review discusses morpho-physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of cultivated beets (B. vulgaris L.) to different abiotic stresses including alkaline, cold, heat, heavy metals, and UV radiation. Additionally, we describe the beet genes reported for their involvement in response to these stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seher Yolcu
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey;
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (H.A.); (K.S.)
| | - Hemasundar Alavilli
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (H.A.); (K.S.)
| | - Pushpalatha Ganesh
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha 761211, India;
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey;
| | - Manu Kumar
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 10326, Korea;
| | - Kihwan Song
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (H.A.); (K.S.)
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23
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Yolcu S, Alavilli H, Ganesh P, Panigrahy M, Song K. Salt and Drought Stress Responses in Cultivated Beets ( Beta vulgaris L.) and Wild Beet ( Beta maritima L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1843. [PMID: 34579375 PMCID: PMC8472689 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cultivated beets, including leaf beets, garden beets, fodder beets, and sugar beets, which belong to the species Beta vulgaris L., are economically important edible crops that have been originated from a halophytic wild ancestor, Beta maritima L. (sea beet or wild beet). Salt and drought are major abiotic stresses, which limit crop growth and production and have been most studied in beets compared to other environmental stresses. Characteristically, beets are salt- and drought-tolerant crops; however, prolonged and persistent exposure to salt and drought stress results in a significant drop in beet productivity and yield. Hence, to harness the best benefits of beet cultivation, knowledge of stress-coping strategies, and stress-tolerant beet varieties, are prerequisites. In the current review, we have summarized morpho-physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of sugar beet, fodder beet, red beet, chard (B. vulgaris L.), and their ancestor, wild beet (B. maritima L.) under salt and drought stresses. We have also described the beet genes and noncoding RNAs previously reported for their roles in salt and drought response/tolerance. The plant biologists and breeders can potentiate the utilization of these resources as prospective targets for developing crops with abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seher Yolcu
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Hemasundar Alavilli
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Pushpalatha Ganesh
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Khurda 761211, Odisha, India;
| | - Madhusmita Panigrahy
- Biofuel & Bioprocessing Research Center, Institute of Technical Education & Research, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar 751030, Odisha, India;
| | - Kihwan Song
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
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24
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Rahaman MM, Zwart RS, Rupasinghe TWT, Hayden HL, Thompson JP. Metabolomic profiling of wheat genotypes resistant and susceptible to root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus thornei. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:381-406. [PMID: 33973100 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01156-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Motiur Rahaman
- University of Southern Queensland, Centre for Crop Health, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia
| | - Rebecca S Zwart
- University of Southern Queensland, Centre for Crop Health, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia.
| | | | - Helen L Hayden
- Agriculture Victoria, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - John P Thompson
- University of Southern Queensland, Centre for Crop Health, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia
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Islam MJ, Ryu BR, Azad MOK, Rahman MH, Rana MS, Lim JD, Lim YS. Exogenous Putrescine Enhances Salt Tolerance and Ginsenosides Content in Korean Ginseng ( Panax ginseng Meyer) Sprouts. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1313. [PMID: 34203403 PMCID: PMC8309092 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effect of exogenously applied putrescine (Put) on salt stress tolerance was investigated in Panax ginseng. Thirty-day-old ginseng sprouts were grown in salinized nutrient solution (150 mM NaCl) for five days, while the control sprouts were grown in nutrients solution. Putrescine (0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 mM) was sprayed on the plants once at the onset of salinity treatment, whereas control plants were sprayed with water only. Ginseng seedlings tested under salinity exhibited reduced plant growth and biomass production, which was directly interlinked with reduced chlorophyll and chlorophyll fluorescence due to higher reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide; H2O2) and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde; MDA) production. Application of Put enhanced accumulation of proline, total soluble carbohydrate, total soluble sugar and total soluble protein. At the same time, activities of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase in leaves, stems, and roots of ginseng seedlings were increased. Such modulation of physio-biochemical processes reduced the level of H2O2 and MDA, which indicates a successful adaptation of ginseng seedlings to salinity stress. Moreover, protopanaxadiol (PPD) ginsenosides enhanced by both salinity stress and exogenous Put treatment. On the other hand, protopanaxatriol (PPT) ginsenosides enhanced in roots and reduced in leaves and stems under salinity stress condition. In contrast, they enhanced by exogenous Put application in all parts of the plants for most cases, also evidenced by principal component analysis. Collectively, our findings provide an important prospect for the use of Put in modulating salinity tolerance and ginsenosides content in ginseng sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Jahirul Islam
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.J.I.); (B.R.R.); (M.O.K.A.); (M.H.R.); (M.S.R.)
- Physiology and Sugar Chemistry Division, Bangladesh Sugarcrop Research Institute, Ishurdi 6620, Pabna, Bangladesh
| | - Byeong Ryeol Ryu
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.J.I.); (B.R.R.); (M.O.K.A.); (M.H.R.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Md. Obyedul Kalam Azad
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.J.I.); (B.R.R.); (M.O.K.A.); (M.H.R.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Md. Hafizur Rahman
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.J.I.); (B.R.R.); (M.O.K.A.); (M.H.R.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Md. Soyel Rana
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.J.I.); (B.R.R.); (M.O.K.A.); (M.H.R.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Jung-Dae Lim
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.J.I.); (B.R.R.); (M.O.K.A.); (M.H.R.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Young-Seok Lim
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.J.I.); (B.R.R.); (M.O.K.A.); (M.H.R.); (M.S.R.)
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LC-MS/MS-based profiling of bioactive metabolites of endophytic bacteria from Cannabis sativa and their anti-Phytophthora activity. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2021; 114:1165-1179. [PMID: 33945066 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-021-01586-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Protection of crop plants from phytopathogens through endophytic bacteria is a newly emerged area of biocontrol. In this study, endophytic bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of Cannabis sativa. Based on initial antimicrobial screening, three (03) bacteria Serratia marcescens MOSEL-w2, Enterobacter cloacae MOSEL-w7, and Paenibacillus MOSEL-w13 were selected. Antimicrobial assays of these selected bacteria against Phytophthora parasitica revealed that E. cloacae MOSEL-w7 and Paenibacillus sp. MOSEL-w13 possessed strong activity against P. parasitica. All these bacterial extracts showed strong inhibition against P. parasitica at different concentrations (4-400 µg mL-1). P. parasitica hyphae treated with ethyl acetate extract of E. cloacae MOSEL-w7 resulted in severe growth abnormalities compared to control. The extracts were further evaluated for in vivo detached-leaf assay against P. parasitica on the wild type tobacco. Application of 1% ethyl acetate bacterial extract of S. marcescens MOSEL-w2, E. cloacae MOSEL-w7, and Paenibacillus sp. MOSEL-w13 reduced P. parasitica induced lesion sizes and lesion frequencies by 60-80%. HPLC based fractions of each extract also showed bioactivity against P. parasitica. A total of 24 compounds were found in the S. marcescens MOSEL-w2, 15 compounds in E. cloacae MOSEL-w7 and 20 compounds found in Paenibacillus sp. MOSEL-w13. LC-MS/MS analyses showed different bioactive compounds in the bacterial extracts such as Cotinine (alkylpyrrolidine), L-tryptophan, L-lysine, L-Dopa, and L-ornithine. These results suggest that S. marcescens MOSEL-w2, E. cloacae MOSEL-w7, and Paenibacillus MOSEL-w13 are a source of bioactive metabolites and could be used in combination with other biocontrol agents, with other modes of action for controlling diseases caused by Phytophthora in crops. They could be a clue for the broad-spectrum biopesticides for agriculturally significant crops.
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