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Baba SM, Shafi T, Rasool R, Hameed A, Shafi S, Ahmad SF. Molecular investigation of vitamin D receptor (VDR) genetic variants and their impact on VDR mRNA and serum vitamin D levels in allergic rhinitis in an Indian population: A case-control study. Int J Immunogenet 2024. [PMID: 38809236 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is widespread and poses a significant health concern, as emerging research links it to allergic diseases owing to its immunomodulatory functions. The optimal functioning of vitamin D and its activation depend on its nuclear receptor, vitamin D receptor (VDR). Genetic variants of VDR have been explored as potential factors in autoimmune and allergic diseases, with limited studies on their association with allergic rhinitis (AR). The present investigation aims to analyse the role of three VDR genetic variants - TaqI, FokI and BsmI - in AR susceptibility and their impact on VDR mRNA and serum vitamin D levels. A total of 550 subjects, consisting of 250 AR cases and 300 age- and gender-matched controls, underwent genotyping by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). VDR mRNA and vitamin D levels were determined by quantitative real-time PCR and chemiluminescence, respectively. Although TaqI did not exhibit significant differences, FokI demonstrated a noteworthy association with AR, particularly with the CC genotype (odds ratio [OR]: 3.34; confidence interval [CI]: 1.79-6.23). Similarly, BsmI revealed an increased risk for AR, with the GA + AA genotypes showing a 2.2-fold elevated risk (OR: 2.20; CI: 1.53-3.16). VDR mRNA expression was threefold lower in AR patients (p < .0001), accompanied by reduced serum vitamin D levels (p < .0001). In addition, CC (p = .01) and AA (p = .02) genotypes of FokI and BsmI were associated with reduced VDR mRNA levels, whereas TaqI showed no such association. Similarly, heterozygous genotypes of TaqI and FokI, as well as homozygous AA of BsmI, correlated with lower serum vitamin D levels (p < .001). This study emphasizes the intricate relationship among VDR genetic variations, altered VDR activity, immune modulation and vitamin D metabolism in AR. Further research involving diverse populations is crucial for confirming and generalizing these findings, paving the way for personalized therapeutic interventions in vitamin D-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid M Baba
- Centre for Vocational Studies, Islamic University of Science & Technology, Awantipora, Pulwama, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Tabasum Shafi
- Department of Immunology & Molecular Medicine, SKIMS, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Roohi Rasool
- Department of Immunology & Molecular Medicine, SKIMS, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Afaq Hameed
- Department of Immunology & Molecular Medicine, SKIMS, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Saba Shafi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sheikh F Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Gupta M, Bredenoord AJ. EoE in the Sunlight: The Contribution of Vitamin D to Disease Presentation and Severity. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:1090-1092. [PMID: 38183557 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-08259-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Milli Gupta
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Albert J Bredenoord
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Bastyte D, Tamasauskiene L, Stakaitiene I, Ugenskiene R, Gradauskiene (Sitkauskiene) B. The Association of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms with Vitamin D, Total IgE, and Blood Eosinophils in Patients with Atopy. Biomolecules 2024; 14:212. [PMID: 38397449 PMCID: PMC10887061 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to improve the control of atopic diseases, it is important to clarify the pathogenesis of atopy and identify its various triggers. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) may impact atopy. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible associations between VDR SNPs and vitamin D, total IgE, and eosinophils in atopy. METHODS In total, 203 adults, including 122 patients with atopic diseases (45 with atopic dermatitis, 77 with allergic asthma) and 81 healthy controls, were involved in the study. The blood eosinophil count was determined with an automated hematology analyzer. Vitamin D and total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were evaluated using the ELISA method. Polymorphisms in the VDR gene were analyzed with real-time PCR using TaqMan probes. RESULTS We analyzed six VDR single nucleotide polymorphisms and found a significant association between VDR rs731236 GG genotype and normal vitamin D levels in atopic patients and healthy subjects (OR 11.33; 95% CI: 1.049-122.388 and OR 4.04; 95% CI: 1.117-14.588, respectively, p < 0.05). Additionally, the study results revealed a significant relationship between the VDR rs2228570 GG genotype and normal vitamin D levels in patients with atopy and healthy subjects (OR 3.80; 95% CI: 1.190-12.134 and OR 2.09; 95% CI: 1.044-4.194, respectively, p < 0.05). The rs2228570 allele A was associated with decreased vitamin D levels in patients with atopy and healthy subjects (OR 0.28; 95% CI: 0.098-0.804 and OR 0.229; 95% CI: 0.069-0.761, respectively, p < 0.05). The VDR rs3847987 genotypes AA and AC were significantly associated with normal vitamin D levels in healthy subjects (OR 35.99; 95% CI: 6.401-202.446 and OR 4.72; 95% CI: 1.489-15.007, respectively, p < 0.05). In addition, a decreased amount of vitamin D was associated with atopic diseases such as atopic dermatitis and allergic asthma (OR 0.49; 95% CI: 0.439-1.308 and OR 0.58; 95% CI: 0.372-0.908, respectively, p < 0.05). The rs11168293 allele T was associated with the normal range of total IgE in atopy (OR 2.366; 95% CI: 1.133-5.027; p < 0.05). Significant associations were found between VDR rs731263 allele G, rs11168293 allele G, and increased blood eosinophil levels in patients with atopy (OR 0.319; 95% CI: 0.163-0.934 and OR 0.323; 95% CI: 0.112-0.935, respectively, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS A decreased vitamin D level showed a significant relationship with atopic diseases (atopic dermatitis and allergic asthma). The association between the VDR gene polymorphisms rs2228570, rs731236, and rs11168293 and vitamin D, total IgE, and blood eosinophils in patients with atopy suggested that VDR polymorphisms and the vitamin D level should be considered when examining the factors associated with atopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daina Bastyte
- Department of Immunology and Allergology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Allergology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Laura Tamasauskiene
- Department of Immunology and Allergology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Allergology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Stakaitiene
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Ugenskiene
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Paramonova N, Trapina I, Gradauskiene (Sitkauskiene) B, Plavina S, Tamasauskiene L, Bastyte D, Rumba-Rozenfelde I, Tapina S, Stakaitiene I, Ugenskiene R, Shih-Hsin Wu L, Wang JY, Hsieh MH, Chen PC, Sjakste N. Genetic Diversity in Bronchial Asthma Susceptibility: Exploring the Role of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in Varied Geographic Contexts. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1943. [PMID: 38339221 PMCID: PMC10856277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bronchial asthma (BA) exhibits varying prevalence across global populations, prompting a comprehensive investigation into genetic and environmental determinants. Vitamin D is a potent immunomodulator capable of suppressing inflammatory signals in several cell types involved in the asthmatic response; it exerts effects on the immune system by binding to the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR). VDR gene genetic variations are affecting serum vitamin D levels with a possible role in the BA risk. The current study aimed to examine the complex interaction of various factors (genetic background, serum vitamin D levels, and geographic location) to identify differences in the influence of these factors on the susceptibility to asthma between populations at different latitudes. Focusing on Eastern European cohorts from Latvia and Lithuania and comparing them with published data on East Asian populations, we explore the impact of VDR gene polymorphisms on BA susceptibility. Genotyping four key VDR SNPs and assessing their association with 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, our study unveils significant associations of the studied loci with the risk of asthma-both risk-reducing and increasing effects, differently distributed between Baltic and East Asian populations. The functional effects of in silico VDR gene genetic variations are also identified and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Paramonova
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (N.P.); (S.P.); (N.S.)
| | - Ilva Trapina
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (N.P.); (S.P.); (N.S.)
| | | | - Samanta Plavina
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (N.P.); (S.P.); (N.S.)
| | - Laura Tamasauskiene
- Department of Immunology and Allergology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania (L.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Daina Bastyte
- Department of Immunology and Allergology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania (L.T.); (D.B.)
| | | | - Sandra Tapina
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia; (I.R.-R.); (S.T.)
| | - Ieva Stakaitiene
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (I.S.); (R.U.)
| | - Rasa Ugenskiene
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (I.S.); (R.U.)
| | - Lawrence Shih-Hsin Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan;
- Research Center of Allergy, Immunology, and Microbiome (AIM), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan; (J.-Y.W.); (M.-H.H.); (P.-C.C.)
| | - Jiu-Yao Wang
- Research Center of Allergy, Immunology, and Microbiome (AIM), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan; (J.-Y.W.); (M.-H.H.); (P.-C.C.)
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, China Medical University Children’s Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Miao-Hsi Hsieh
- Research Center of Allergy, Immunology, and Microbiome (AIM), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan; (J.-Y.W.); (M.-H.H.); (P.-C.C.)
| | - Pei-Chi Chen
- Research Center of Allergy, Immunology, and Microbiome (AIM), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan; (J.-Y.W.); (M.-H.H.); (P.-C.C.)
| | - Nikolajs Sjakste
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (N.P.); (S.P.); (N.S.)
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Mendes MM, Gomes APO, Araújo MM, Coelho ASG, Carvalho KMB, Botelho PB. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in South America: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2023; 81:1290-1309. [PMID: 36882047 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Vitamin D deficiency is considered a global public health issue, even in low-latitude countries where there is abundant sunlight radiation. Nevertheless, the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in the South American continent has not been well characterized. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review was to estimate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxy-calciferol < 20 ng/mL) in South American populations. DATA SOURCES Seven electronic databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, SciELO, Scopus, and Google Scholar) were searched systematically for observational studies published before July 1, 2021, and reporting vitamin D status of healthy adults in South America. DATA EXTRACTION Data were extracted using a standardized form. Risk of bias was assessed by the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Instrument for Studies Reporting Prevalence. All steps were conducted independently by two authors. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. Stratified meta-analysis and meta-regression were conducted (R software). DATA ANALYSIS Of 9460 articles identified, 96 studies with a total of 227 758 participants were included. The overall prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 34.76% (79 studies; 95%CI, 29.68-40.21; I2 = 99%). There were significant differences in prevalence rates related to age, sex, country, latitude, season, and year of publication. CONCLUSION The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is unexpectedly elevated in South American populations. Public health strategies should include efforts to prevent, detect, and treat vitamin D deficiency. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number CRD42020169439.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela M Mendes
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Anna P O Gomes
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Maísa M Araújo
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Alexandre S G Coelho
- Department of Biology, Agronomy School, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Kênia M B Carvalho
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Patrícia B Botelho
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
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Çiçek F, Köle MT. Evaluation of the Impact of Serum Vitamin D Levels on the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis Index in Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1522. [PMID: 37761483 PMCID: PMC10529228 DOI: 10.3390/children10091522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory skin condition characterized by itching, eczematous plaques, and dry skin. Despite ongoing research, its exact cause remains elusive. In this study, we aimed to explore the factors that influence the severity of AD in children and assess the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and the disease's severity. We enrolled 96 AD patients in our investigation, evaluated their clinical condition using the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index, and compared them to a group of 90 healthy controls. Our analysis revealed that serum vitamin D levels and eosinophil counts significantly impacted the SCORAD index (p < 0.001). According to standardized regression coefficients, for each incremental unit in serum vitamin D levels, the SCORAD index exhibited a decrease of 0.449 units. Similarly, a one-unit increase in eosinophil count resulted in a 0.009 unit increase in the SCORAD index. It is worth noting that the influence of serum vitamin D levels on disease severity surpasses that of eosinophil counts and atopic conditions. In our patient cohort, we uncovered a negative correlation (r = -0.419, p < 0.001) between serum vitamin D levels and the SCORAD index. Our findings suggest that low serum vitamin D levels may have a more substantial impact on AD severity than atopic conditions and eosinophilia. Furthermore, we observed a negative association between the severity of AD and serum 25(OH)D3 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Çiçek
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34870, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tolga Köle
- Department of Pediatrics, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34870, Turkey;
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Levita J, Wilar G, Wahyuni I, Bawono LC, Ramadaini T, Rohani R, Diantini A. Clinical Toxicology of Vitamin D in Pediatrics: A Review and Case Reports. TOXICS 2023; 11:642. [PMID: 37505607 PMCID: PMC10385357 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Intoxication of vitamin D is not a common case in pediatrics. Vitamin D supplements are sold as OTC drugs; however, there is a lack of public education about the permissible limits of vitamin D intake which may lead to vitamin D toxicity (VDT). This review aims to give insights to readers or practitioners about the clinical toxicology of vitamin D in pediatrics, which includes the mechanism of VDT, case reports, and the management of vitamin D poisoning. VDT refers to serum 25(OH)D levels, particularly when the level exceeds 100 ng/mL (250 nmol/L) or is defined as hypervitaminosis D. Hypercalcemia is a common condition of vitamin D toxicity. Vitamin D and its metabolites in moderate levels can induce hypercalcemia, as indicated by the elevation of osteoclastic bone resorption, the presence of calcium in renal tubules, intestinal calcium intake (through increased production of calcium-binding protein in enterocytes), and the decrease of parathyroid hormone synthesis. VDT in pediatrics can be managed by discontinuing vitamin D intake; using activated charcoal, furosemide, prednisone, and calcitonin; rehydration using intravenous sodium chloride 0.9%; and dextrose fluid therapy. It is important for parents to be more careful when providing vitamin D to their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutti Levita
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Gofarana Wilar
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Ika Wahyuni
- Master Program in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Lidya Cahyo Bawono
- Master Program in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Tiara Ramadaini
- Master Program in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Rohani Rohani
- Master Program in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Ajeng Diantini
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
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Bastyte D, Tamasauskiene L, Golubickaite I, Ugenskiene R, Sitkauskiene B. Vitamin D receptor and vitamin D binding protein gene polymorphisms in patients with asthma: a pilot study. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:245. [PMID: 37407930 PMCID: PMC10324267 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02531-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of vitamin D are exerted by interaction with the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and vitamin D binding protein (VDBP). Polymorphisms in VDR or VDBP genes may affect vitamin D levels, influencing the pathogenesis of asthma and atopy. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association of VDR and VDBP gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), blood eosinophils and total IgE level in subjects with asthma in comparison with healthy individuals. METHODS This case-control study enrolled 63 subjects with asthma (45 allergic and 18 non-allergic) and 32 healthy subjects were involved in the study. Sensitization of subjects to inhaled allergens was determined by a skin prick test, lung function was evaluated by spirometry. Blood eosinophil count was determined by standard methods. Serum 25(OH)D and total IgE levels were evaluated by ELISA. Polymorphisms in the VDR and VDBP genes on the 12q13.11 and 4q13.3 chromosomal region were analyzed using TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay probes. RESULTS In asthma patients with vitamin D deficiency (< 20 ng/ml) the allele G of rs11168293 of VDR was more common than in those having insufficiency (20-30 ng/ml) of vitamin D (63% and 31%, p < 0.05). Moreover, asthmatic subject with rs11168293 G allele has significant higher blood eosinophil count compared to asthmatic without the rs11168293 G allele (8.5 ± 12.3% vs. 5.1 ± 1.5%, p < 0.05). Significantly higher IgE level was found in subjects with allergic asthma with the allele A of rs7041 on VDBP gene than in those without this allele (540 ± 110 and 240 ± 80 IU/ml, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The association of polymorphisms in VDBP and VDR gene, the rs11168293 G allele and the rs7041 A allele, with 25(OH)D, blood eosinophil and total IgE level in asthma, let us suggest that vitamin D, VDR and VDBP gene polymorphisms are important in pathogenesis of asthma despite its form in relation to atopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daina Bastyte
- Department of Immunology and Allergology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
- Lab of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Allergology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Laura Tamasauskiene
- Department of Immunology and Allergology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Lab of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Allergology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Golubickaite
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Ugenskiene
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Brigita Sitkauskiene
- Department of Immunology and Allergology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Gholamalizadeh M, Rabbani F, Ahmadzadeh M, Hajipour A, Musavi H, Mobarakeh KA, Salimi Z, Bahar B, Mahmoodi Z, Gholami S, Mirzaei Dahka S, Doaei S, Akbari ME. The association between vitamin D intake with inflammatory and biochemical indices and mortality in critically ill patients with COVID-19: A case-control study. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e844. [PMID: 37102656 PMCID: PMC10132183 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has become a worldwide health issue with widespread hospitalization and dependence on the intensive care unit (ICU). Vitamin D has a key role in modulating immune cells and modulating the inflammatory responses. This study aimed to investigate the association of vitamin D supplementation with inflammatory, biochemical, and mortality indices in critically ill patients with COVID-19. METHODS This case-control study was conducted on critically ill COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the ICU including the survived >30 day patients as the case group and dead patients as the control group. The status of vitamin D supplementation and inflammatory and biochemical indices of the patients were retrieved from the medical records. Logistic regression method was used to assess the association between 30 days survival and vitamin D supplement intake. RESULTS Compared to the group of COVID-19 patients who died in <30 day, the survived patients had a lower eosinophile level (2.2 ± 0.5 vs. 6 ± 0.0, p < .001) and higher vitamin D supplementation duration (9 ± 4.4 vs. 3.3 ± 1.9 day, p = .001). Vitamin D supplementation had a positive association with survival in COVID-19 patients (OR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.15-3.40, p < .05). The association remained significant after adjustments fot age, sex, underlying diseases, and smoking. CONCLUSION Vitamin D supplementation in critically ill patients with COVID-19 has the potential to increase survivability within the first 30 days of hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Gholamalizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Rabbani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mina Ahmadzadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Hajipour
- School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | | | - Khadijeh Abbasi Mobarakeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Salimi
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Bojlul Bahar
- Nutrition Sciences and Applied Food Safety Studies, Research Centre for Global Development, School of Sport & Health Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Zahra Mahmoodi
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Gholami
- Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Saeid Doaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kraemer AN, Schäfer AL, Sprenger DTL, Sehnert B, Williams JP, Luo A, Riechert L, Al-Kayyal Q, Dumortier H, Fauny JD, Winter Z, Heim K, Hofmann M, Herrmann M, Heine G, Voll RE, Chevalier N. Impact of dietary vitamin D on immunoregulation and disease pathology in lupus-prone NZB/W F1 mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:933191. [PMID: 36505422 PMCID: PMC9730823 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.933191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (VD) deficiency is a highly prevalent worldwide phenomenon and is extensively discussed as a risk factor for the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other immune-mediated diseases. In addition, it is now appreciated that VD possesses multiple immunomodulatory effects. This study aims to explore the impact of dietary VD intake on lupus manifestation and pathology in lupus-prone NZB/W F1 mice and identify the underlying immunological mechanisms modulated by VD. Here, we show that low VD intake accelerates lupus progression, reflected in reduced overall survival and an earlier onset of proteinuria, as well higher concentrations of anti-double-stranded DNA autoantibodies. This unfavorable effect gained statistical significance with additional low maternal VD intake during the prenatal period. Among examined immunological effects, we found that low VD intake consistently hampered the adoption of a regulatory phenotype in lymphocytes, significantly reducing both IL-10-expressing and regulatory CD4+ T cells. This goes along with a mildly decreased frequency of IL-10-expressing B cells. We did not observe consistent effects on the phenotype and function of innate immune cells, including cytokine production, costimulatory molecule expression, and phagocytic capacity. Hence, our study reveals that low VD intake promotes lupus pathology, likely via the deviation of adaptive immunity, and suggests that the correction of VD deficiency might not only exert beneficial functions by preventing osteoporosis but also serve as an important module in prophylaxis and as an add-on in the treatment of lupus and possibly other immune-mediated diseases. Further research is required to determine the most appropriate dosage, as too-high VD serum levels may also induce adverse effects, possibly also on lupus pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine N. Kraemer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Schäfer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dalina T. L. Sprenger
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Sehnert
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johanna P. Williams
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Aileen Luo
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura Riechert
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Qusai Al-Kayyal
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hélène Dumortier
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) UPR3572, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Fauny
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) UPR3572, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Strasbourg, France
| | - Zoltan Winter
- Institute of Radiology, Preclinical Imaging Platform Erlangen (PIPE), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Heim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maike Hofmann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Medical Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Guido Heine
- Division of Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Reinhard E. Voll
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,*Correspondence: Nina Chevalier, ; Reinhard E. Voll,
| | - Nina Chevalier
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,*Correspondence: Nina Chevalier, ; Reinhard E. Voll,
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11
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Kajal S, Shrestha P, Gupta Y, Deepak R, Verma H. Vitamin D Deficiency and Interleukin Levels in Allergic Rhinitis: A Case-Control Study. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022; 74:1720-1724. [PMID: 36452580 PMCID: PMC9702483 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-021-02897-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Various studies have shown a positive co-relation between Vitamin D deficiency and severity of Allergic Rhinitis (AR) based on subjective symptoms. AR is also associated with serum eosinophilia and raised levels of various interleukins (IL)-particularly IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13. To compare serum Vitamin D levels, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 levels, and eosinophilia in AR patients with healthy controls and co-relate disease severity using Sino-nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) score in patients with Vitamin D deficiency. 30 patients and 30 healthy controls were recruited. 10 ml blood sample was drawn from each patient and healthy control. It was then processed to evaluate absolute eosinophil count, serum levels of Vitamin D, and IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. 93.33% of patients with AR and 70% of healthy controls had decreased Vitamin D levels (below 25 ng/ml). The mean Vitamin D levels was 10.50 ± 2.34 ng/ml and 17.54 ± 2.84 ng/ml in the patient and control group, respectively (p = 0.001). But there was no significant co-relation between SNOT-22 score and Vitamin D level, and between interleukin levels in patient and control group. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with Allergic Rhinitis and therefore, checking Vitamin D levels in patients with AR can be considered as routine practice in outpatient clinics. However, co-relation between severity of Allergic Rhinitis and Vitamin D levels and the proven therapeutic role of Vitamin D in Allergic Rhinitis is still debatable and thus, requires large sample size randomised controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smile Kajal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Room 4075, 4th Floor, Academic block, New Delhi, India
| | - Prazwal Shrestha
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Room 4075, 4th Floor, Academic block, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Rakesh Deepak
- Department of Immunogenetics and Transplant Immunology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Hitesh Verma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Room 4075, 4th Floor, Academic block, New Delhi, India
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12
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Gaudet M, Plesa M, Mogas A, Jalaleddine N, Hamid Q, Al Heialy S. Recent advances in vitamin D implications in chronic respiratory diseases. Respir Res 2022; 23:252. [PMID: 36117182 PMCID: PMC9483459 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02147-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic airway inflammatory and infectious respiratory diseases are the most common medical respiratory conditions, associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3) deficiency has been shown to be highly prevalent in patients with chronic airway inflammatory and infectious diseases, correlated with increased disease severity. It has been established that vitamin D modulates ongoing abnormal immune responses in chronic respiratory diseases and is shown to restrict bacterial and viral colonization into the lungs. On the contrary, other studies revealed controversy findings regarding vitamin D efficacy in respiratory diseases. This review aims to update the current evidence regarding the role of vitamin D in airway inflammation and in various respiratory diseases. A comprehensive search of the last five years of literature was conducted using MEDLINE and non-MEDLINE PubMed databases, Ovid MEDLINE, SCOPUS-Elsevier, and data from in vitro and in vivo experiments, including clinical studies. This review highlights the importance of understanding the full range of implications that vitamin D may have on lung inflammation, infection, and disease severity in the context of chronic respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mellissa Gaudet
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Maria Plesa
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrea Mogas
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nour Jalaleddine
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada. .,College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Saba Al Heialy
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada. .,College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
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13
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Mast Cells and Vitamin D Status: A Clinical and Biological Link in the Onset of Allergy and Bone Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081877. [PMID: 36009422 PMCID: PMC9405764 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is made up by an extremely composite group of cells, whose regulated and harmonious activity is fundamental to maintain health. The mast cells are an essential effector of inflammatory response which is characterized by a massive release of mediators accumulated in cytoplasmic secretory granules. However, beyond the effects on immune response, mast cells can modify bone metabolism and are capable of intervening in the genesis of pathologies such as osteoporosis and osteopenia. Vitamin D is recognized to induce changes in bone metabolism, but it is also able to influence immune response, suppressing mast cell activation and IgE synthesis from B cells and increasing the number of dendritic cells and IL-10-generating regulatory T cells. Vitamin D deficit has been reported to worsen sensitization and allergic manifestations in several different experimental models. However, in clinical situations, contradictory findings have been described concerning the correlation between allergy and vitamin D deficit. The aim of this review was to analyze the close relationships between mast cells and vitamin D, which contribute, through the activation of different molecular or cellular activation pathways, to the determination of bone pathologies and the onset of allergic diseases.
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14
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Khattab Y, Reda R, El-Gaafary M, Zeitoun Y, Abo-Shady R, Abdelhady W. BsmI gene polymorphism of vitamin D receptor in obese Egyptian male medical students and its relationship with vitamin D deficiency. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00275-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Vitamin D regulates cell proliferation and differentiation and exhibits immunoregulatory, antiangiogenic, and antioxidant characteristics. Vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms have been associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome components such as abdominal obesity, with both vitamin D deficiency and VDR gene polymorphisms contributing to its development. Obesity, metabolic disorders, and bone mass defects are associated with VDR alleles. The importance of VDR in the etiology of obesity has been related to the existence of the VDR polymorphisms FokI, BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI. VDR expression in adipocytes affects energy metabolism and aids in obesity development.
Objective
The aim of this study was to examine a possible association between BsmI (B, b allele) polymorphism in the VDR gene and vitamin D status in obese Egyptian male medical students.
Patients and methods
This study was based on a comprehensive experiment known as “Nutritional Assessment of Medical Educational Students (NAMES)” that was completed in 2018 with 700 healthy participants (men and women). In total, out of the 700 participants 30 healthy men were enrolled in this study who matched our inclusion criteria. They attended Ain Shams University Hospital in Cairo between April 2019 and November 2020. This study was conducted at the Clinical Pathology Department of Ain Shams University Hospital, which is a part of the Faculty of Medicine. Participants were divided into two groups: Group I consisted of 12 obese men with nondeficient vitamin D levels (> 20 ng/dl), and Group II consisted of 18 obese men with deficient vitamin D levels (20 ng/dl). Peripheral blood samples were collected into EDTA tubes from all groups, and DNA was extracted and purified using spin purification for PCR (QIA amp DNA Mini Kit). A commercial real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) kit with predesigned TaqMan probes was used to analyze the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (BsmI) rs 1544410 in the VDR gene.
Results
No statistically significant relationship was observed between vitamin D levels and all InBody bioelectrical impedance characteristics, as well as BsmI gene polymorphism and all InBody bioelectrical impedance parameters (P > 0.05). Regarding Bb and BB genotypes, no statistically significant difference was observed between Groups I and II. The prevalence of BB genotype was higher in vitamin-D-deficient individuals, and Bb genotype was more common among obese participants than BB genotype, which showed a higher prevalence of the “b” gene; however, these were not significant. Iron profile (iron level, ferritin level, TIBC, and transferrin saturation) and BsmI gene polymorphism showed no statistically significant relationship (P > 0.05). Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level and BsmI gene polymorphism showed a statistically significant relationship (P = 0.002), with a higher mean value among Bb genotype carriers than among BB genotype carriers. Eosinophil count showed a statistically significant difference between BB and Bb genotype carriers (P = 0.045), with a higher mean value among Bb genotype carriers than among BB genotype carriers. Bsml gene polymorphism showed no statistically significant relationship with any other complete blood count parameters (P > 0.05.)
Conclusion
There was no significant relationship between VDR gene polymorphism (BsmI) and body mass index (BMI) nor between the different InBody bioelectrical impedance parameters. We noticed the prevalence of BB genotype among vitamin-D-deficient obese students and the frequency of the “b” allele among obese candidates according to the findings of our study. There was also no significant relationship between BsmI gene polymorphism and vitamin D levels. However, BsmI gene polymorphism and HbA1c levels and eosinophil count showed a relationship, which requires further investigation.
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15
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What influences complementary medicine use for children with eosinophilic esophagitis? Findings from a cross-sectional survey. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2021; 45:101448. [PMID: 34583253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Utilization of complementary medicines (CMs) amongst children with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) in Australia is high. Carers' beliefs, perceptions and use of CM can influence the decision to use CM in children in their care. This study explores the factors influencing the use of CM for a child's EoE when the carer also uses CM. MATERIALS AND METHODS Carers of children aged 0-18 years with EoE participated in a national cross-sectional online survey, conducted in Australia between September 2018 and February 2019. Data analysis included bivariate analysis, Cramer's V, backwards stepwise logistic regression and binomial logistic regression. RESULTS Of the 181 total survey responses, 165 (91.2 %) respondents indicated they had utilized some form of CM for themselves. Children whose carer had used some form of CM for themselves were more likely to have used CM than children whose carer had not used CM (OR 4.6; p = 0.001). Of the CM self-using carers, 125 (75.8 %) had also chosen to utilize CM for their child's EoE. Use of CM in children was more likely amongst children who had used a pharmaceutical for their EoE (OR 7.51; p = 0.010), and those whose carer had consulted with "other health practitioners or health workers" for their child's EoE (OR 5.34; p < 0.001) or had consulted with a chiropractor for themselves (OR 2.70; p = 0.029). CONCLUSION High CM self-use amongst carers is associated with their decision to also use CM for their child's EoE, a concern given the absence of evidence for CM's safety and efficacy in this population. CM use in this population warrants further attention. Effective conventional medicines for EoE are limited and utilization of CM amongst children with EoE in Australia is high. The recommendation of CM for children with EoE warrants further attention given the substantial concomitant pharmaceutical care, and the absence of evidence for CM's safety and efficacy in this population. Further research into the role of CM practitioners, products, and therapies in an integrative model between CM and conventional healthcare must be undertaken.
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16
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Al-Thagfan SS, Alolayan SO, Ahmed S, Emara MM, Awadallah MF. Impacts of deficiency in vitamin D derivatives on disease severity in adult bronchial asthma patients. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2021; 70:102073. [PMID: 34418538 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2021.102073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D affects innate and adaptive immunity processes that impact treatment, severity, and morbidity of acute asthma episodes. Several vitamin D forms may help modulate immunity, including vitamin D2 (D2), vitamin D3 (D3), 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3), and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3). This study assessed serum levels of vitamin D derivatives in bronchial asthma patients and their correlation with disease markers. One hundred thirteen subjects, divided into two groups, were enrolled. The first group included 73 asthmatic patients (57 males and 16 females), and the second included 40 healthy adults (31 males and 9 females) as a control group. All subjects were evaluated with a careful history and clinical examination, a chest X-ray with a posteroanterior view, routine laboratory examination, spirometry, and asthma control tests (ACT). Vitamin D serum levels were assessed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with tandem mass spectrometry. Disease markers were assessed and correlated with serum levels of vitamin D forms. Markers included forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC%, peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory flow25-75% (FEF25-75%), eosinophilic blood count, and total immunoglobulin E (IgE). Asthmatic patients had significantly lower serum levels of vitamin D than healthy controls (p ≤ 0.001). Further, serum vitamin D levels decreased significantly in uncontrolled asthmatic patients than partially controlled and controlled patients. Correlations for 25(OH)D3 and 1,25-(OH) 2D3 were stronger than for D2 and D3. There were negative correlations for eosinophilic blood count, total IgE, and ACT. Serum levels of all vitamin D forms were reduced in asthmatic patients with moderate to strong correlations with disease severity. Vitamin D deficiency or even insufficiency may thus play a role in disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan S Al-Thagfan
- Department of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah AlMunawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan O Alolayan
- Department of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah AlMunawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameh Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah AlMunawarah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Magdy M Emara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taibah University, Al Madinah AlMunawarah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chest Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Fawzi Awadallah
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medical Science and Rehabilitation, Taibah University, Al Madinah AlMunawarah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chest Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, AL-Azhar University Damietta, Egypt
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17
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Story MJ. Essential sufficiency of zinc, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin D and magnesium for prevention and treatment of COVID-19, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, lung diseases and cancer. Biochimie 2021; 187:94-109. [PMID: 34082041 PMCID: PMC8166046 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the development of a number of vaccines for COVID-19, there remains a need for prevention and treatment of the virus SARS-CoV-2 and the ensuing disease COVID-19. This report discusses the key elements of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 that can be readily treated: viral entry, the immune system and inflammation, and the cytokine storm. It is shown that the essential nutrients zinc, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), vitamin D and magnesium provide the ideal combination for prevention and treatment of COVID-19: prevention of SARS-CoV-2 entry to host cells, prevention of proliferation of SARS-CoV-2, inhibition of excessive inflammation, improved control of the regulation of the immune system, inhibition of the cytokine storm, and reduction in the effects of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and associated non-communicable diseases. It is emphasized that the non-communicable diseases associated with COVID-19 are inherently more prevalent in the elderly than the young, and that the maintenance of sufficiency of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs, vitamin D and magnesium is essential for the elderly to prevent the occurrence of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, lung diseases and cancer. Annual checking of levels of these essential nutrients is recommended for those over 65 years of age, together with appropriate adjustments in their intake, with these services and supplies being at government cost. The cost:benefit ratio would be huge as the cost of the nutrients and the testing of their levels would be very small compared with the cost savings of specialists and hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Story
- Story Pharmaceutics Pty Ltd, PO Box 6086, Linden Park, South Australia, 5065, Australia.
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18
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Relationships between Vitamin D and Selected Cytokines and Hemogram Parameters in Professional Football Players-Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18137124. [PMID: 34281061 PMCID: PMC8297090 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18137124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D affects both innate and adaptive immunity. Most of the effects of vitamin D on innate immunity are anti-inflammatory. In monocytes/macrophages, vitamin D suppresses the production of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between 25(OH)D concentration and selected cytokines—IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β, which are hemogram parameters for professional football players. We enrolled 41 Polish premier league soccer players. The mean age, career duration, and VO2max were, respectively: 22.7 ± 5.3 years, 14.7 ± 4.5 years, and 55.8 ± 4.0 mL/kg/min. Serum levels of 25(OH)D were measured by electrochemiluminescence (ECLIA) using the Elecsys system (Roche, Switzerland). Serum levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α were measured by ELISA (R&D Systems, Minneapolis). Blood count with smear was measured on a Sysmex XT-4000i analyzer (Sysmex Corporation, Japan). Our study showed decreased serum 25(OH)D levels in 78% of the professional players. We found a significant negative correlation between 25(OH)D levels and TNF-α and LYMPH (%). The results also demonstrated a statistically significant positive correlation between vitamin D levels and NEUTH (%), NEUTH (tys/µL), and EOS (tys/µL). Based on the results of our study, we concluded that football players from Poland are not protected against vitamin D insufficiency in winter months. Moreover, vitamin D deficiency may be associated with an increased pro-inflammatory risk in well-trained athletes.
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Alkhatatbeh MJ, Almomani HS, Abdul-Razzak KK, Samrah S. Association of asthma with low serum vitamin D and its related musculoskeletal and psychological symptoms in adults: a case-control study. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med 2021; 31:27. [PMID: 33990605 PMCID: PMC8121852 DOI: 10.1038/s41533-021-00239-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There are complex potential inter-relationships between the chronic inflammation of asthma and poor control, vitamin D deficiency, musculoskeletal pain and anxiety and depression. The aim was to investigate associations between vitamin D and these possible co-morbidities. This case-controlled study involved 75 adults with asthma and 75 controls. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured, levels of anxiety, depression, musculoskeletal pain, and asthma control were assessed. Participants with asthma had lower 25(OH)D and higher anxiety scores and higher measures of musculoskeletal pain compared to controls. Binary logistic regression showed that asthma was associated with decreased 25(OH)D (Odds ratio (OR) = 0.86), general weakness (OR = 13.29), complaint of musculoskeletal pain (OR = 13.73), and increased intensity of musculoskeletal pain (OR = 0.61) and number of painful sites (OR = 2.58). Asthma was not associated with anxiety or depression. Further studies are required to investigate if vitamin D supplementation can improve asthma symptoms and musculoskeletal pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad J Alkhatatbeh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
| | - Haneen S Almomani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Khalid K Abdul-Razzak
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Shaher Samrah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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20
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Wan Z, Song L, Hu L, Lei X, Huang Y, Lv Y, Yu S. The role of systemic inflammation in the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:3661-3667. [PMID: 34130012 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains inconclusive. Moreover, whether inflammatory biomarkers are involved in this association has not been explored. This study aims to investigate serum 25(OH)D in relation to T2DM in a Chinese population and provide clues for the inflammatory mechanism whereby serum 25(OH)D deficiency increases T2DM risk. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 47,803 participants aged 18-96 years was performed in a health management center in 2017. Multivariate linear or logistic regression models and mediation analysis were used to examine the relationships between serum 25(OH)D, inflammatory biomarkers (white blood cell counts and mean platelet volume), and T2DM. RESULTS Of the 47,803 participants included, 5.2% were diabetic and 51.4% were serum 25(OH)D deficient. The study revealed a significant inverse association between serum 25(OH)D and T2DM risk after adjustment for potential confounders (P for trend = 0.002); the multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) across serum 25(OH)D levels (sufficiency, insufficiency, and deficiency) were 1.00 (reference), 1.17 (1.03-1.33), and 1.25 (1.09-1.43), respectively. This study also showed a significant indirect effect of serum 25(OH)D on T2DM risk through total white blood cell count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, and monocyte count (P values < 0.05); the proportions mediated were 9.89%, 7.51%, 2.94%, and 2.82%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Serum 25(OH)D deficiency was independently associated with an elevated risk of T2DM in a Chinese adult population and low-grade systemic inflammation might be one of its biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengce Wan
- Health Management Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lulu Song
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liu Hu
- Health Management Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaomei Lei
- Health Management Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuancheng Huang
- Health Management Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yongman Lv
- Health Management Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Shaojing Yu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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21
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Teixeira TL, Linden MA, Lomazi EA, Saron MGL, Riccetto AL, Bellomo-BrandÃo MÂ. CASE-CONTROL STUDY ON VITAMIN D STATUS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH EOSINOPHILIC ESOPHAGITIS. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2020; 57:409-415. [PMID: 33331474 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.202000000-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D is an essential fat-soluble steroid hormone and vitamin D deficiency is a global public health problem especially among children and adolescents. Factors such as the low intake of vitamin D-rich food sources, poor absorption and less exposure to the sun influence this outcome. Vitamin D has an anti-inflammatory effect in the body by promoting regulatory T cell differentiation as well as recovering T helper 17 cell response and secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic disease, histologically characterized by predominantly eosinophilic inflammation. The most common therapeutic approaches are allergen-eliminating diets, such as excluding cow's milk, egg, soy, wheat, peanuts and seafood, or more specific dietary restrictions. OBJECTIVE To verify the serum levels of vitamin D in children and adolescents with eosinophilic esophagitis on a restricted food diet and to analyze their association with nutritional status, consumption of different food sources, exposure to the sun and skin color. METHODS Case-control study conducted in the city of Campinas-SP, Brazil, in which included patients were aged 2 to 18 years old, and those diagnosed with eosinophilic esophagitis was referred to as the case group (n=15), meanwhile a control group (n=17) was also formed. Epidemiological data, nutritional status, data on vitamin D intake (24-hour recall - performed only by EoE patients - and self-reported intake of vitamin D food sources: milk and dairy products, canned tuna and sardines, Bull's liver, chicken eggs - applied in both groups), and daily time of sun exposure (≥30 min or ≤30 min) were recorded. The samples were collected for serum levels of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D, where sufficiency levels >30 ng/mL were considered, insufficiency 21 to 30 ng/mL, deficiency <20 ng/mL. RESULTS There was a higher frequency of vitamin D insufficiency/ deficiency in the Eosinophilic Esophagitis group (P=0.035), even with longer sun exposure (P= 0.035). Skin color was not associated with lower levels of vitamin D in both groups studied. No difference was found in nutritional status between the groups. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated a higher frequency of inadequate/ deficient levels of vitamin D in children and adolescents with EoE on a restricted diet. When necessary, serum levels should be investigated and correct exposure to the sun should be encouraged, with special attention to the recommended guidelines, time spent in the sun and the appropriate clothing for correct absorption. Since exposure for more than 30 minutes in the sun does not appear to have provided a protective effect in the EoE group, even in a region with high levels of solar radiation. There was a significant difference only in the consumption of cow's milk between the case and control groups, demonstrating the low adherence to the restriction diet by the case group. No association was found between serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels and nutritional status. Moreover, no association regarding the adequate or inadequate status of 25 hydroxyvitamin D and the consumption vitamin D-rich foods was identified. Multicentered studies with a larger number of cases should be performed to assess serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels and associated factors in pediatric patients with EoE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Longo Teixeira
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Marcela Almeida Linden
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Elizete Aparecida Lomazi
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Margareth Galvão Lopes Saron
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Adriana Lopes Riccetto
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Maria Ângela Bellomo-BrandÃo
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Campinas, SP, Brasil
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22
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Klement RJ, Koebrunner PS, Krage K, Sweeney RA. Low Vitamin D Status in a Cancer Patient Population from Franconia, Germany. Complement Med Res 2020; 28:300-307. [PMID: 33316808 PMCID: PMC7801956 DOI: 10.1159/000511993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D has been shown to be associated with reduced risk and severity of COVID-19 and exerts regulating effects on all hallmarks of cancer. The goal of this study was to analyze the vitamin D status of a cancer patient cohort from our clinic in the Franconian region, Germany. METHODS 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were available for 116 patients included in prospective trials in our clinic. Associations of vitamin D with anthropometric and blood parameters were investigated using Kendall's τ correlation coefficients and linear regression. RESULTS A total of 57 patients (49.1%) were vitamin D deficient (<20 ng/mL), and 92.2% did not meet the recommended vitamin D level of 40 ng/mL. There was a strong negative association between vitamin D and leukocyte count (τ = -0.173, p = 0.007) and C-reactive protein concentration (τ = -0.172, p = 0.007). In linear regression, the most important variables for predicting vitamin D levels were (in order of decreasing importance) season, fat mass index, platelet, and leukocyte count. CONCLUSIONS Despite appeals towards medical societies to target widespread vitamin D deficiency in Germany more than 10 years ago, our data indicate that these have been without avail. Low vitamin D levels in cancer patients should be corrected using reasonable sun exposure and supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Petra S Koebrunner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Leopoldina Hospital, Schweinfurt, Germany
| | - Kelley Krage
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Leopoldina Hospital, Schweinfurt, Germany
| | - Reinhart A Sweeney
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Leopoldina Hospital, Schweinfurt, Germany
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23
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Amorim CLCGD, Oliveira JMD, Rodrigues A, Furlanetto KC, Pitta F. Vitamin D: association with eosinophil counts and IgE levels in children with asthma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 47:e20200279. [PMID: 33174974 PMCID: PMC7889310 DOI: 10.36416/1806-3756/e20200279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the relationship that levels of vitamin D had with eosinophil counts and IgE levels in 26 children with asthma (6-12 years of age) in the city of Londrina, Brazil. Vitamin D levels were found to correlate significantly, albeit moderately, with age (r = −0.51) and eosinophilia (r = −0.49), although not with IgE levels (r = −0.12). When we stratified the sample into two groups by the median vitamin D level (< or ≥ 24 ng/mL), we found that those in the < 24 ng/mL group were older, had higher eosinophil counts, and had higher IgE levels. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show an association between low levels of vitamin D and more pronounced eosinophilia in children with asthma in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Luiz Castro Gomes de Amorim
- . Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina (PR) Brasil.,. Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fisioterapia Pulmonar, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina (PR) Brasil
| | - Joice Mara de Oliveira
- . Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fisioterapia Pulmonar, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina (PR) Brasil.,. Centro de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Universidade Pitágoras-Universidade Norte do Paraná - UNOPAR - Londrina (PR) Brasil
| | - Antenor Rodrigues
- . Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fisioterapia Pulmonar, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina (PR) Brasil.,. Rehabilitation Aimed at Muscle Performance-RAMP-University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karina Couto Furlanetto
- . Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fisioterapia Pulmonar, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina (PR) Brasil.,. Centro de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Universidade Pitágoras-Universidade Norte do Paraná - UNOPAR - Londrina (PR) Brasil
| | - Fabio Pitta
- . Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina (PR) Brasil.,. Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fisioterapia Pulmonar, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina (PR) Brasil
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24
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Pleiotropic actions of Vitamin D in composite musculoskeletal trauma. Injury 2020; 51:2099-2109. [PMID: 32624209 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Composite tissue injuries are the result of high energy impacts caused by motor vehicle accidents, gunshot wounds or blasts. These are highly traumatic injuries characterized by wide-spread, penetrating wounds affecting the entire musculoskeletal system, and are generally defined by frank volumetric muscle loss with concomitant segmental bone defects. At the tissue level, the breadth of damage to multiple tissue systems, and potential for infection from penetration, have been shown to lead to an exaggerated, often chronic inflammatory response with subsequent dysregulation of normal musculoskeletal healing mechanisms. Aside from the direct effects of inflammation on myogenesis and osteogenesis, frank muscle loss has been shown to directly impair fracture union and ultimately contribute to failed wound regeneration. Care for these injuries requires extensive surgical intervention and acute care strategies. However, often these interventions do not adequately mitigate inflammation or promote proper musculoskeletal injury repair and force amputation of the limb. Therefore, identification of factors that can promote tissue regeneration and mitigate inflammation could be key to restoring wound healing after composite tissue injury. One such factor that may directly affect both inflammation and tissue regeneration in response to these multi-tissue injuries may be Vitamin D. Beyond traditional roles, the pleiotropic and localized actions of Vitamin D are increasingly being recognized in most aspects of wound healing in complex tissue injuries - e.g., regulation of inflammation, myogenesis, fracture callus mineralization and remodeling. Conversely, pre-existing Vitamin D deficiency leads to musculoskeletal dysfunction, increased fracture risk or fracture non-unions, decreased strength/function and reduced capacity to heal wounds through increased inflammation. This Vitamin D deficient state requires acute supplementation in order to quickly restore circulating levels to an optimal level, thereby facilitating a robust wound healing response. Herein, the purpose of this review is to address the roles and critical functions of Vitamin D throughout the wound healing process. Findings from this review suggest that careful monitoring and/or supplementation of Vitamin D may be critical for wound regeneration in composite tissue injuries.
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Sirufo MM, Suppa M, Ginaldi L, De Martinis M. Does Allergy Break Bones? Osteoporosis and Its Connection to Allergy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E712. [PMID: 31973226 PMCID: PMC7037724 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
: Osteoporosis and allergic diseases are important causes of morbidity, and traditionally their coexistence has been attributed to causality, to independent processes, and they were considered unrelated. However, the increasing knowledge in the field of osteoimmunology and an increasing number of epidemiological and biological studies have provided support to a correlation between bone and allergy that share pathways, cells, cytokines and mediators. If the link between allergic pathology and bone alterations appears more subtle, there are conditions such as mastocytosis and hypereosinophilic or hyper-IgE syndromes characterized by the proliferation of cells or hyper-production of molecules that play a key role in allergies, in which this link is at least clinically more evident, and the diseases are accompanied by frank skeletal involvement, offering multiple speculation cues. The pathophysiological connection of allergy and osteoporosis is currently an intriguing area of research. The aim of this review is to summarize and bring together the current knowledge and pursue an opportunity to stimulate further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maddalena Sirufo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.M.S.); (L.G.)
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Center for the diagnosis and treatment of Osteoporosis, AUSL 04 Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Mariano Suppa
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Lia Ginaldi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.M.S.); (L.G.)
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Center for the diagnosis and treatment of Osteoporosis, AUSL 04 Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Massimo De Martinis
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.M.S.); (L.G.)
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Center for the diagnosis and treatment of Osteoporosis, AUSL 04 Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
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Xiang J, Wang H, Li T. Comorbidity of Vitamin A and Vitamin D Deficiency Exacerbates the Severity of Atopic Dermatitis in Children. Dermatology 2019; 235:196-204. [DOI: 10.1159/000496603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
<b><i>Background:</i></b> Several studies have suggested that vitamin D (VD) deficiency (VDD) is associated with atopic dermatitis (AD). However, little is known about the relationship between AD and vitamin A (VA). The interaction between VA and VD on AD requires further study. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> We detected serum levels of VA and VD in children with AD to explore how VA deficiency (VAD) and VDD affect AD severity. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We assessed the SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index, total immunoglobin E levels and peripheral blood eosinophil counts. VA and VD levels were determined with high-performance liquid chromatography. Correlations among variables were investigated with Pearson’s correlation analysis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The VD and VA levels were significantly lower in children with AD than in normal children (p < 0.001, p = 0.0423). Both VD and VA levels were negatively correlated with SCORAD scores. The SCORAD scores were significantly higher in AD patients with both VDD and VAD (co-deficiency) than in other AD patients. Significant inverse correlations were observed between peripheral blood eosinophil counts and serum VA and VD levels. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> VA and VD co-deficiency may exacerbate AD symptoms in children, but the specific mechanism underlying this relationship requires further study. These findings may indicate the need for studies evaluating the use of VD and VA as potential treatments for AD patients.
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