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Sun T, Golestani R, Zhan H, Krishnamurti U, Harigopal M, Zhong M, Liang Y. Clinicopathologic Characteristics of MYC Copy Number Amplification in Breast Cancer. Int J Surg Pathol 2024:10668969241256109. [PMID: 38839260 DOI: 10.1177/10668969241256109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Introduction. MYC overexpression is a known phenomenon in breast cancer. This study investigates the correlation of MYC gene copy number amplification and MYC protein overexpression with coexisting genetic abnormalities and associated clinicopathologic features in breast cancer patients. Methods. The study analyzed data from 81 patients with localized or metastatic breast cancers using targeted next-generation sequencing and MYC immunohistochemical studies, along with pathological and clinical data. Results. Applying the criteria of MYC/chromosome 8 ratio ≥5, MYC copy number amplified tumors (n = 11, 14%) were associated with invasive ductal carcinoma (91% vs 68%, P = .048), poorly differentiated (grade 3, 64% vs 30%, P = .032), mitotically active (Nottingham mitotic score 3, 71% vs 20%, P = .004), estrogen receptor (ER)-negative (45% vs 12%, P = .008), and triple-negative (56% vs 12%, P = .013) compared to MYC non-amplified tumors. Among MYC-amplified breast cancer patients, those with triple-negative status showed significantly shorter disease-free survival time than non-triple negative MYC-amplified patients (median survival month: 25.5 vs 127.6, P = .049). MYC amplification is significantly associated with TP53 mutation (P = .007). The majority (10 of 11; 91%) of MYC-amplified tumors showed positive c-MYC immunostaining. Conclusion. Breast cancers with MYC copy number amplication display distinct clinicopathologic characteristics indicative of more aggressive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Sun
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Reza Golestani
- Department of Pathology, Cayuga Medical Center, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Haiying Zhan
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Uma Krishnamurti
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Malini Harigopal
- Department of Pathology, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Minghao Zhong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yuanxin Liang
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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2
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O'Malley DE, Raspin K, Melton PE, Burdon KP, Dickinson JL, FitzGerald LM. Acquired copy number variation in prostate tumours: a review of common somatic copy number alterations, how they are formed and their clinical utility. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:347-357. [PMID: 37945750 PMCID: PMC10844642 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02485-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in men and unfortunately, disease will progress in up to a third of patients despite primary treatment. Currently, there is a significant lack of prognostic tests that accurately predict disease course; however, the acquisition of somatic chromosomal variation in the form of DNA copy number variants may help understand disease progression. Notably, studies have found that a higher burden of somatic copy number alterations (SCNA) correlates with more aggressive disease, recurrence after surgery and metastasis. Here we will review the literature surrounding SCNA formation, including the roles of key tumour suppressors and oncogenes (PTEN, BRCA2, NKX3.1, ERG and AR), and their potential to inform diagnostic and prognostic clinical testing to improve predictive value. Ultimately, SCNAs, or inherited germline alterations that predispose to SCNAs, could have significant clinical utility in diagnostic and prognostic tests, in addition to guiding therapeutic selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dannielle E O'Malley
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Kelsie Raspin
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Phillip E Melton
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Kathryn P Burdon
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Joanne L Dickinson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Liesel M FitzGerald
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia.
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3
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Ebrahimizadeh W, Guérard KP, Rouzbeh S, Scarlata E, Brimo F, Patel PG, Jamaspishvili T, Hamel L, Aprikian AG, Lee AY, Berman DM, Bartlett JMS, Chevalier S, Lapointe J. A DNA copy number alteration classifier as a prognostic tool for prostate cancer patients. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:2165-2174. [PMID: 37037938 PMCID: PMC10241891 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02236-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distinguishing between true indolent and potentially life-threatening prostate cancer is challenging in tumours displaying clinicopathologic features associated with low or intermediate risk of relapse. Several somatic DNA copy number alterations (CNAs) have been identified as potential prognostic biomarkers, but the standard cytogenetic method to assess them has a limited multiplexing capability. METHODS Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) targeting 14 genes was optimised to survey 448 tumours of patients with low or intermediate risk (Grade Group 1-3, Gleason score ≤7) who underwent radical prostatectomy. A 6-gene CNA classifier was developed using random survival forest and Cox proportional hazard modelling to predict biochemical recurrence. RESULTS The classifier score was significantly associated with biochemical recurrence after adjusting for standard clinicopathologic variables and the known prognostic index CAPRA-S score with a hazard ratio of 2.17 and 1.80, respectively (n = 406, P < 0.01). The prognostic value of this classifier was externally validated in published CNA data from three radical prostatectomy cohorts and one radiation therapy pre-treatment biopsy cohort. CONCLUSION The 6-gene CNA classifier generated by a single MLPA assay compatible with the small quantities of DNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue specimens has the potential to improve the clinical management of patients with low or intermediate risk disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walead Ebrahimizadeh
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI MUHC), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Current affiliation: IMV Inc., Dartmouth, Canada
| | - Karl-Philippe Guérard
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI MUHC), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shaghayegh Rouzbeh
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI MUHC), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Eleonora Scarlata
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI MUHC), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Fadi Brimo
- Department of Pathology, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI MUHC), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Palak G Patel
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Tamara Jamaspishvili
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Lucie Hamel
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI MUHC), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Armen G Aprikian
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI MUHC), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anna Y Lee
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David M Berman
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - John M S Bartlett
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simone Chevalier
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI MUHC), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques Lapointe
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI MUHC), Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Li M, Liu M, Han W, Wang Z, Han D, Patalano S, Macoska JA, Balk SP, He HH, Corey E, Gao S, Cai C. LSD1 Inhibition Disrupts Super-Enhancer-Driven Oncogenic Transcriptional Programs in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cancer Res 2023; 83:1684-1698. [PMID: 36877164 PMCID: PMC10192194 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-2433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
The lysine demethylase LSD1 (also called KDM1A) plays important roles in promoting multiple malignancies including both hematologic cancers and solid tumors. LSD1 targets histone and nonhistone proteins and can function as a transcriptional corepressor or coactivator. LSD1 has been reported to act as a coactivator of androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer and to regulate the AR cistrome via demethylation of its pioneer factor FOXA1. A deeper understanding of the key oncogenic programs targeted by LSD1 could help stratify prostate cancer patients for treatment with LSD1 inhibitors, which are currently under clinical investigation. In this study, we performed transcriptomic profiling in an array of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) xenograft models that are sensitive to LSD1 inhibitor treatment. Impaired tumor growth by LSD1 inhibition was attributed to significantly decreased MYC signaling, and MYC was found to be a consistent target of LSD1. Moreover, LSD1 formed a network with BRD4 and FOXA1 and was enriched at super-enhancer regions exhibiting liquid-liquid phase separation. Combining LSD1 inhibitors with BET inhibitors exhibited strong synergy in disrupting the activities of multiple drivers in CRPC, thereby inducing significant growth repression of tumors. Importantly, the combination treatment showed superior effects than either inhibitor alone in disrupting a subset of newly identified CRPC-specific super-enhancers. These results provide mechanistic and therapeutic insights for cotargeting two key epigenetic factors and could be rapidly translated in the clinic for CRPC patients. SIGNIFICANCE LSD1 drives prostate cancer progression by activating super-enhancer-mediated oncogenic programs, which can be targeted with the combination of LSD1 and BRD4 inhibitors to suppress the growth of CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muqing Li
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, USA
| | - Mingyu Liu
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, USA
| | - Wanting Han
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, USA
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Zifeng Wang
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, USA
| | - Dong Han
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, USA
| | - Susan Patalano
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, USA
| | - Jill A. Macoska
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, USA
| | - Steven P. Balk
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Housheng Hansen He
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G1L7, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Shuai Gao
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA
| | - Changmeng Cai
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, USA
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5
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Multiomics Study of a Novel Naturally Derived Small Molecule, NSC772864, as a Potential Inhibitor of Proto-Oncogenes Regulating Cell Cycle Progression in Colorectal Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020340. [PMID: 36672275 PMCID: PMC9856482 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors, and it contributes to high numbers of deaths globally. Although advances in understanding CRC molecular mechanisms have shed significant light on its pathogenicity, current treatment options, including combined chemotherapy and molecular-targeted agents, are still limited due to resistance, with almost 25% of patients developing distant metastasis. Therefore, identifying novel biomarkers for early diagnosis is crucial, as they will also influence strategies for new targeted therapies. The proto-oncogene, c-Met, a tyrosine kinase that promotes cell proliferation, motility, and invasion; c-MYC, a transcription factor associated with the modulation of the cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis; and cyclin D1 (CCND1), an essential regulatory protein in the cell cycle, all play crucial roles in cancer progression. In the present study, we explored computational simulations through bioinformatics analysis and identified the overexpression of c-Met/GSK3β/MYC/CCND1 oncogenic signatures that were associated with cancer progression, drug resistance, metastasis, and poor clinical outcomes in CRC. We further demonstrated the anticancer activities of our newly synthesized quinoline-derived compound, NSC772864, against panels of the National Cancer Institute's human CRC cell lines. The compound exhibited cytotoxic activities against various CRC cell lines. Using target prediction tools, we found that c-Met/GSK3β/MYC/CCND1 were target genes for the NSC772864 compound. Subsequently, we performed in silico molecular docking to investigate protein-ligand interactions and discovered that NSC772864 exhibited higher binding affinities with these oncogenes compared to FDA-approved drugs. These findings strongly suggest that NSC772864 is a novel and potential antiCRC agent.
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Dai Y, Kawaguchi T, Nishio M, Otani J, Tashiro H, Terai Y, Sasaki R, Maehama T, Suzuki A. The TIGD5 gene located in 8q24 and frequently amplified in ovarian cancers is a tumor suppressor. Genes Cells 2022; 27:633-642. [PMID: 36054307 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the fifth most common cancer of female cancer death and leading cause of lethal gynecological cancers. High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is an aggressive malignancy that is rapidly fatal. Many cases of OC show amplification of the 8q24 chromosomal region, which contains the well-known oncogene MYC. Although MYC amplification is more frequently observed in OCs than in other tumor types, due to the large size of the 8q24 amplicon, the functions of the vast majority of the genes it contains are still unknown. The TIGD5 gene is located at 8q24.3 and encodes a nuclear protein with a DNA-binding motif, but its precise role is obscure. We show here that TIGD5 often co-amplifies with MYC in OCs, and that OC patients with high TIGD5 mRNA expression have a poor prognosis. However, we also found that TIGD5 overexpression in ovarian cancer cell lines unexpectedly suppressed their growth, adhesion, and invasion in vitro, and also reduced tumor growth in xenografted nude mice in vivo. Thus, our work suggests that TIGD5 may in fact operate as a tumor suppressor in OCs rather than as an oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Dai
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kawaguchi
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Miki Nishio
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Junji Otani
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hironori Tashiro
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshito Terai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ryohei Sasaki
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Maehama
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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7
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Peng Y, Liu J, Wang Z, Cui C, Zhang T, Zhang S, Gao P, Hou Z, Liu H, Guo J, Zhang J, Wen Y, Wei W, Zhang L, Liu J, Long J. Prostate-specific oncogene OTUD6A promotes prostatic tumorigenesis via deubiquitinating and stabilizing c-Myc. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:1730-1743. [PMID: 35217790 PMCID: PMC9433443 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-00960-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
MYC drives the tumorigenesis of human cancers, including prostate cancer (PrCa), thus deubiquitinase (DUB) that maintains high level of c-Myc oncoprotein is a rational therapeutic target. Several ubiquitin-specific protease (USP) family members of DUB have been reported to deubiquitinate c-Myc, but none of them is the physiological DUB for c-Myc in PrCa. By screening all the DUBs, here we reveal that OTUD6A is exclusively amplified and overexpressed in PrCa but not in other cancers, eliciting a prostatic-specific oncogenic role through deubiquitinating and stabilizing c-Myc oncoprotein. Moreover, genetic ablation of OTUD6A efficiently represses prostatic tumorigenesis of both human PrCa cells and the Hi-Myc transgenic PrCa mice, via reversing the metabolic remodeling caused by c-Myc overexpression in PrCa. These results indicate that OTUD6A is a physiological DUB for c-Myc in PrCa setting and specifically promotes prostatic tumorigenesis through stabilizing c-Myc oncoprotein, suggesting that OTUD6A could be a unique therapeutic target for Myc-driven PrCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Peng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Zhen Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Chunping Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Shuangxi Zhang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Peipei Gao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhanwu Hou
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Huadong Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jianping Guo
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinfang Zhang
- Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yurong Wen
- Department of Talent Highland, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 100850, Beijing, China.
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
- University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Jiangang Long
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
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8
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Jillson LK, Yette GA, Laajala TD, Tilley WD, Costello JC, Cramer SD. Androgen Receptor Signaling in Prostate Cancer Genomic Subtypes. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3272. [PMID: 34208794 PMCID: PMC8269091 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While many prostate cancer (PCa) cases remain indolent and treatable, others are aggressive and progress to the metastatic stage where there are limited curative therapies. Androgen receptor (AR) signaling remains an important pathway for proliferative and survival programs in PCa, making disruption of AR signaling a viable therapy option. However, most patients develop resistance to AR-targeted therapies or inherently never respond. The field has turned to PCa genomics to aid in stratifying high risk patients, and to better understand the mechanisms driving aggressive PCa and therapy resistance. While alterations to the AR gene itself occur at later stages, genomic changes at the primary stage can affect the AR axis and impact response to AR-directed therapies. Here, we review common genomic alterations in primary PCa and their influence on AR function and activity. Through a meta-analysis of multiple independent primary PCa databases, we also identified subtypes of significantly co-occurring alterations and examined their combinatorial effects on the AR axis. Further, we discussed the subsequent implications for response to AR-targeted therapies and other treatments. We identified multiple primary PCa genomic subtypes, and given their differing effects on AR activity, patient tumor genetics may be an important stratifying factor for AR therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K. Jillson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (J.K.L.); (G.A.Y.); (T.D.L.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Gabriel A. Yette
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (J.K.L.); (G.A.Y.); (T.D.L.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Teemu D. Laajala
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (J.K.L.); (G.A.Y.); (T.D.L.); (J.C.C.)
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Wayne D. Tilley
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
- Freemason’s Foundation Centre for Men’s Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - James C. Costello
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (J.K.L.); (G.A.Y.); (T.D.L.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Scott D. Cramer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (J.K.L.); (G.A.Y.); (T.D.L.); (J.C.C.)
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9
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Zheng Y, Cheng Y, Zhang C, Fu S, He G, Cai L, Qiu L, Huang K, Chen Q, Xie W, Chen T, Huang M, Bai Y, Pan M. Co-amplification of genes in chromosome 8q24: a robust prognostic marker in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 12:1086-1100. [PMID: 34295559 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-21-205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of tumor-associated death worldwide, owing to its high 5-year postoperative recurrence rate and inter-individual heterogeneity. Thus, a prognostic model is urgently needed for patients with HCC. Several researches have reported that copy number amplification of the 8q24 chromosomal region is associated with low survival in many cancers. In the present work, we set out to construct a multi-gene model for prognostic prediction in HCC. Methods RNA sequencing and copy number variant data of tumor tissue samples of HCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (n=328) were used to identify differentially expressed messenger RNAs of genes located on the chromosomal 8q24 region by the Wilcox test. Univariate Cox and Lasso-Cox regression analyses were carried out for the screening and construction of a prognostic multi-gene signature in The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort (n=119). The multi-gene signature was validated in a cohort from the International Cancer Genome Consortium (n=240). A nomogram for prognostic prediction was built, and the underpinning molecular mechanisms were studied by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. Results We successfully established a 7-gene prognostic signature model to predict the prognosis of patients with HCC. Using the model, we divided individuals into high-risk and low-risk sets, which showed a significant difference in overall survival in the training dataset (HR =0.17, 95% CI: 0.1-0.28; P<0.001) and in the testing dataset (HR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.23-0.74; P=0.002). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed the signature to be an independent prognostic factor of HCC survival. A nomogram including the prognostic signature was constructed and showed a better predictive performance in short-term (1 and 3 years) than in long-term (5 years) survival. Furthermore, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis identified several pathways of significance, which may aid in explaining the underlying molecular mechanism. Conclusions Our 7-gene signature is a reliable prognostic marker for HCC, which may provide meaningful information for therapeutic customization and treatment-related decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Zheng
- Second Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Second Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Second Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shunjun Fu
- Second Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guolin He
- Second Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Cai
- Second Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Second Department of Surgery, Dongfeng People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kunhua Huang
- Second Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qunhui Chen
- Second Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenzhuan Xie
- The Research and Development Center of Precision Medicine, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- The Research and Development Center of Precision Medicine, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Mengli Huang
- The Research and Development Center of Precision Medicine, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Yuezong Bai
- The Research and Development Center of Precision Medicine, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxin Pan
- Second Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Salles DC, Vidotto T, Faisal FA, Tosoian JJ, Guedes LB, Muranyi A, Bai I, Singh S, Yan D, Shanmugam K, Lotan TL. Assessment of MYC/PTEN Status by Gene-Protein Assay in Grade Group 2 Prostate Biopsies. J Mol Diagn 2021; 23:1030-1041. [PMID: 34062284 PMCID: PMC8491088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study leveraged a gene-protein assay to assess MYC and PTEN status at prostate cancer biopsy and examined the association with adverse outcomes after surgery. MYC gain and PTEN loss were simultaneously assessed by chromogenic in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively, using 277 Grade Group 2 needle biopsies that were followed by prostatectomy. The maximal size of cribriform Gleason pattern 4 carcinoma (CRIB), the presence of intraductal carcinoma (IDC), and percentage of Gleason pattern 4 carcinoma at biopsy were also annotated. MYC gain or PTEN loss was present in 19% and 18% of biopsies, respectively, whereas both alterations were present in 9% of biopsies. Tumors with one or both alterations were significantly more likely to have non-organ-confined disease (NOCD) at radical prostatectomy. In logistic regression models, including clinical stage, tumor volume on biopsy, and presence of CRIB/IDC, cases with MYC gain and PTEN loss remained at higher risk for NOCD (odds ratio, 6.23; 95% CI, 1.74-24.55; P = 0.005). The area under the curve for a baseline model using CAPRA variables (age, prostate-specific antigen, percentage of core involvement, clinical stage) was increased from 0.68 to 0.69 with inclusion of CRIB/IDC status and to 0.75 with MYC/PTEN status. Dual MYC/PTEN status can be assessed in a single slide and is independently associated with increased risk of NOCD for Grade Group 2 biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela C Salles
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thiago Vidotto
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Farzana A Faisal
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Liana B Guedes
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Isaac Bai
- Roche Tissue Diagnostics, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | | | | | - Tamara L Lotan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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11
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Lv SD, Wang HY, Yu XP, Zhai QL, Wu YB, Wei Q, Huang WH. Integrative molecular characterization of Chinese prostate cancer specimens. Asian J Androl 2021; 22:162-168. [PMID: 31134918 PMCID: PMC7155802 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_36_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) exhibits epidemiological and molecular heterogeneity. Despite extensive studies of its phenotypic and genetic properties in Western populations, its molecular basis is not clear in Chinese patients. To determine critical molecular characteristics and explore correlations between genomic markers and clinical parameters in Chinese populations, we applied an integrative genetic/transcriptomic assay that combines targeted next-generation sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) on samples from 46 Chinese patients with PCa. Lysine (K)-specific methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D), zinc finger homeobox 3 (ZFHX3), A-kinase anchoring protein 9 (AKAP9), and GLI family zinc finger 1 (GLI1) were frequently mutated in our cohort. Moreover, a clinicopathological analysis showed that RB transcriptional corepressor 1 (RB1) deletion was common in patients with a high risk of disease progression. Remarkably, four genomic events, MYC proto-oncogene (MYC) amplification, RB1 deletion, APC regulator of WNT signaling pathway (APC) mutation or deletion, and cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12) mutation, were correlated with poor disease-free survival. In addition, a close link between KMT2D expression and the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway was observed both in our cohort and in The Cancer Genome Atlas Prostate Adenocarcinoma (TCGA-PRAD) data. In summary, our results demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of integrative molecular characterization of PCa samples in disease pathology research and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Dong Lv
- National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hong-Yi Wang
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xin-Pei Yu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Qi-Liang Zhai
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yao-Bin Wu
- National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wen-Hua Huang
- National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangzhou 510515, China
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12
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Zhang DX, Vu LT, Ismail NN, Le MTN, Grimson A. Landscape of extracellular vesicles in the tumour microenvironment: Interactions with stromal cells and with non-cell components, and impacts on metabolic reprogramming, horizontal transfer of neoplastic traits, and the emergence of therapeutic resistance. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 74:24-44. [PMID: 33545339 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly recognised as a pivotal player in cell-cell communication, an attribute of EVs that derives from their ability to transport bioactive cargoes between cells, resulting in complex intercellular signalling mediated by EVs, which occurs under both physiological and pathological conditions. In the context of cancer, recent studies have demonstrated the versatile and crucial roles of EVs in the tumour microenvironment (TME). Here, we revisit EV biology, and focus on EV-mediated interactions between cancer cells and stromal cells, including fibroblasts, immune cells, endothelial cells and neurons. In addition, we focus on recent reports indicating interactions between EVs and non-cell constituents within the TME, including the extracellular matrix. We also review and summarise the intricate cancer-associated network modulated by EVs, which promotes metabolic reprogramming, horizontal transfer of neoplastic traits, and therapeutic resistance in the TME. We aim to provide a comprehensive and updated landscape of EVs in the TME, focusing on oncogenesis, cancer progression and therapeutic resistance, together with our future perspectives on the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Xin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Luyen Tien Vu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nur Nadiah Ismail
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Minh T N Le
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Andrew Grimson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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13
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Cellular and Molecular Progression of Prostate Cancer: Models for Basic and Preclinical Research. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092651. [PMID: 32957478 PMCID: PMC7563251 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The molecular progression of prostate cancer is complex and elusive. Biological research relies heavily on in vitro and in vivo models that can be used to examine gene functions and responses to the external agents in laboratory and preclinical settings. Over the years, several models have been developed and found to be very helpful in understanding the biology of prostate cancer. Here we describe these models in the context of available information on the cellular and molecular progression of prostate cancer to suggest their potential utility in basic and preclinical prostate cancer research. The information discussed herein should serve as a hands-on resource for scholars engaged in prostate cancer research or to those who are making a transition to explore the complex biology of prostate cancer. Abstract We have witnessed noteworthy progress in our understanding of prostate cancer over the past decades. This basic knowledge has been translated into efficient diagnostic and treatment approaches leading to the improvement in patient survival. However, the molecular pathogenesis of prostate cancer appears to be complex, and histological findings often do not provide an accurate assessment of disease aggressiveness and future course. Moreover, we also witness tremendous racial disparity in prostate cancer incidence and clinical outcomes necessitating a deeper understanding of molecular and mechanistic bases of prostate cancer. Biological research heavily relies on model systems that can be easily manipulated and tested under a controlled experimental environment. Over the years, several cancer cell lines have been developed representing diverse molecular subtypes of prostate cancer. In addition, several animal models have been developed to demonstrate the etiological molecular basis of the prostate cancer. In recent years, patient-derived xenograft and 3-D culture models have also been created and utilized in preclinical research. This review is an attempt to succinctly discuss existing information on the cellular and molecular progression of prostate cancer. We also discuss available model systems and their tested and potential utility in basic and preclinical prostate cancer research.
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14
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Koga Y, Song H, Chalmers ZR, Newberg J, Kim E, Carrot-Zhang J, Piou D, Polak P, Abdulkadir SA, Ziv E, Meyerson M, Frampton GM, Campbell JD, Huang FW. Genomic Profiling of Prostate Cancers from Men with African and European Ancestry. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:4651-4660. [PMID: 32651179 PMCID: PMC7597977 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-4112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE African American (AFR) men have the highest mortality rate from prostate cancer (PCa) compared with men of other racial/ancestral groups. Differences in the spectrum of somatic genome alterations in tumors between AFR men and other populations have not been well-characterized due to a lack of inclusion of significant numbers in genomic studies. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN To identify genomic alterations associated with race, we compared the frequencies of somatic alterations in PCa obtained from four publicly available datasets comprising 250 AFR and 611 European American (EUR) men and a targeted sequencing dataset from a commercial platform of 436 AFR and 3018 EUR men. RESULTS Mutations in ZFHX3 as well as focal deletions in ETV3 were more frequent in tumors from AFR men. TP53 mutations were associated with increasing Gleason score. MYC amplifications were more frequent in tumors from AFR men with metastatic PCa, whereas deletions in PTEN and rearrangements in TMPRSS2-ERG were less frequent in tumors from AFR men. KMT2D truncations and CCND1 amplifications were more frequent in primary PCa from AFR men. Genomic features that could impact clinical decision making were not significantly different between the two groups including tumor mutation burden, MSI status, and genomic alterations in select DNA repair genes, CDK12, and in AR. CONCLUSIONS Although we identified some novel differences in AFR men compared with other populations, the frequencies of genomic alterations in current therapeutic targets for PCa were similar between AFR and EUR men, suggesting that existing precision medicine approaches could be equally beneficial if applied equitably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Koga
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hanbing Song
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center; Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute; Institute for Human Genetics; San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Zachary R Chalmers
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | | | - Eejung Kim
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jian Carrot-Zhang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daphnee Piou
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Paz Polak
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Sarki A Abdulkadir
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Elad Ziv
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Joshua D Campbell
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Franklin W Huang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center; Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute; Institute for Human Genetics; San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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15
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Pan W, Wang W, Huang J, Lu K, Huang S, Jiang D, Bu D, Liu J, Jing H, Yao J, Hou Y. The prognostic role of c-MYC amplification in schistosomiasis-associated colorectal cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2020; 50:446-455. [PMID: 32297641 PMCID: PMC7160914 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyz210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to explore the prognostic role of c-MYC amplification in colorectal cancer, particularly in schistosomiasis-associated colorectal cancer. METHODS Three hundred and fifty four cases of colorectal cancer, which were from Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, were retrospectively analyzed in a tissue microarray (TMA) format, with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay and immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS c-MYC gene amplification was found in 14.1% (50 out of 354) of patients with colorectal cancer and was correlated with old age (P = 0.028), positive lymph node metastasis (P = 0.004) and advanced stage tumors (P = 0.002). The overexpression of c-MYC was closely associated with the amplification status (P = 0.023). Kaplan-Meier survival curves for overall survival (OS) showed a statistically significant difference for patients with c-MYC amplification in full cohort of colorectal cancer, stage III-IV set and patients with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.002, 0.034, 0.012, respectively). Further analysis found c-MYC amplification associated with poorer survival in the subgroup of colorectal cancer with schistosomiasis (CRC-S, P < 0.001), but not in colorectal cancer without schistosomiasis (CRC-NS, P = 0.155). By multivariate analysis, c-MYC amplification was an independent poor-prognostic factor in CRC-S set (P = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS Our study firstly found c-MYC amplification could predict poor prognosis in schistosomiasis-associated colorectal cancer, but not in colorectal cancer without schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Pan
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weixia Wang
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kui Lu
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sinian Huang
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongxian Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dacheng Bu
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyan Jing
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junxia Yao
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingyong Hou
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Xiao GQ, Nguyen E, Unger PD, Sherrod AE. Comparative expression of immunohistochemical biomarkers in cribriform and pattern 4 non-cribriform prostatic adenocarcinoma. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 114:104400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Liu J, Yan J, Mao R, Ren G, Liu X, Zhang Y, Wang J, Wang Y, Li M, Qiu Q, Wang L, Liu G, Jin S, Ma L, Ma Y, Zhao N, Zhang H, Lin B. Exome sequencing identified six copy number variations as a prediction model for recurrence of primary prostate cancers with distinctive prognosis. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:2231-2242. [PMID: 35117583 PMCID: PMC8798897 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2020.03.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common type of malignancy, which represents one of the leading causes of death among men worldwide. Copy number variations (CNVs) and gene fusions play important roles in PCa and may serve as markers for the prognosis of this condition. Methods We have presently conducted an analysis of CNVs and gene fusions in PCa, using whole exome sequencing (WES) data of primary tumors. For this, a cohort of 74 PCa patients, including 30 recurrent and 44 non-recurrent cases, were assessed during 5 years of follow-up. Results We have identified 66 CNVs that were specific to the primary tumor tissues from the recurrent PCa group. Most of duplicated genomic regions were located in 8q2, suggesting that this chromosomal region could be important for the prognosis of PCa. Meanwhile, we have developed a random forest model, using six selected CNVs, with an accuracy near 90% for predicting PCa recurrence according to a 10-fold cross validation. In addition, we have detected 16 recurrent oncogenic gene fusions in PCa. Among these, ALK (ALK receptor tyrosine kinase)-involved fusions were the most common type of gene fusion (n=7). Four of these fusions (i.e., EML4-ALK, STRN-ALK, CLTC-ALK, ETV6-ALK) were previously identified in other cancer types, while the remaining three gene fusions (FRYL-ALK, ABL1-ALK, and BCR-ALK) were here identified. Conclusions Our findings expand the current understanding in regard to prostate carcinogenesis. Current data might be further used for assay development as well as to predict PCa recurrence, using primary tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,Systems Biology Division, Zhejiang-California International NanoSystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jiajun Yan
- Department of Urology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Ruifang Mao
- Systems Biology Division, Zhejiang-California International NanoSystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Guoping Ren
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical College, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical College, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical College, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical College, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Jili Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical College, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical College, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Meiling Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qingchong Qiu
- Systems Biology Division, Zhejiang-California International NanoSystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Systems Biology Division, Zhejiang-California International NanoSystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Guanfeng Liu
- Systems Biology Division, Zhejiang-California International NanoSystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shanshan Jin
- Systems Biology Division, Zhejiang-California International NanoSystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Systems Biology Division, Zhejiang-California International NanoSystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yingying Ma
- Systems Biology Division, Zhejiang-California International NanoSystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Systems Biology Division, Zhejiang-California International NanoSystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Biaoyang Lin
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,Systems Biology Division, Zhejiang-California International NanoSystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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18
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Small Molecule Binds with Lymphocyte Antigen 6K to Induce Cancer Cell Death. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020509. [PMID: 32098321 PMCID: PMC7072568 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated gene expression of Lymphocyte antigen 6K (LY6K) in cancer cells is associated with poor survival outcomes in multiple different cancer types including cervical, breast, ovarian, lung, and head and neck cancer. Since inhibition of LY6K expression inhibits cancer cell growth, we set out to explore whether pharmacological inhibition of LY6K could produce the same effect. We screened small molecule libraries for direct binding to recombinant LY6K protein in a surface plasmon resonance assay. We found that NSC243928 directly binds to the full-length and mature forms of LY6K and inhibits growth of HeLa cells that express LY6K. NSC243928 did not display binding with LY6D or LY6E. Our data demonstrate a first-time proof of principle study that pharmacological inhibition of LY6K using small molecules in cancer cells is a valid approach to developing targeted therapies against LY6K. This approach will be specifically relevant in hard-to-treat cancers where LY6K is highly expressed, such as cervical, pancreatic, ovarian, head and neck, lung, gastric, and triple-negative breast cancers.
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19
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Onagoruwa OT, Pal G, Ochu C, Ogunwobi OO. Oncogenic Role of PVT1 and Therapeutic Implications. Front Oncol 2020; 10:17. [PMID: 32117705 PMCID: PMC7010636 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PVT1, a long non-coding RNA has been implicated in a variety of human cancers. Recent advancements have led to increasing discovery of the critical roles of PVT1 in cancer initiation and progression. Novel insight is emerging about PVT1's mechanism of action in different cancers. Identifying and understanding the variety of activities of PVT1 involved in cancers is a necessity for the development of PVT1 as a diagnostic biomarker or therapeutic target in cancers where PVT1 is dysregulated. PVT1's varied activities include overexpression, modulation of miRNA expression, protein interactions, targeting of regulatory genes, formation of fusion genes, functioning as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA), and interactions with MYC, among many others. Furthermore, bioinformatic analysis of PVT1 interactions in cancers has aided understanding of the numerous pathways involved in PVT1 contribution to carcinogenesis in a cancer type-specific manner. However, these recent findings show that there is much more to be learned to be able to fully exploit PVT1 for cancer prognostication and therapy. In this review, we summarize some of the latest findings on PVT1's oncogenic activities, signaling networks and how targeting these networks can be a strategy for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gargi Pal
- Hunter College (CUNY), New York, NY, United States
| | - Chika Ochu
- Hunter College (CUNY), New York, NY, United States
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20
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The Genomic and Molecular Pathology of Prostate Cancer: Clinical Implications for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapy. Adv Anat Pathol 2020; 27:11-19. [PMID: 31503032 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common noncutaneous malignancy affecting American men and the second most common cause of cancer death. The traditional risk classification schemes for PCa are limited due to the vast clinical and molecular heterogeneity of the disease. Fortunately, recent advancements in sequencing technologies have provided us with valuable insight into the genomics of PCa. To date, a wide array of recurrent genomic alterations in PCa have been identified. Incorporating these distinct molecular subtypes of PCa into prediction models provides opportunities for improved risk stratification and ultimately better patient outcomes. In this review, we summarize the key molecular subtypes of PCa and focus on those genomic alterations that have clinical implications for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic response.
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21
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Dong H, Hu J, Wang L, Qi M, Lu N, Tan X, Yang M, Bai X, Zhan X, Han B. SOX4 is activated by C-MYC in prostate cancer. Med Oncol 2019; 36:92. [PMID: 31560094 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-019-1317-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although MYC proto-oncogene (C-MYC) amplification has been consistently reported to be a potential marker for prostate cancer (PCa) progression and prognosis, the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of C-MYC protein expression remains controversial. Overexpression of SOX4 has been shown to play important roles in multiple cancers including PCa. However, the link between these two critical genetic aberrations is unclear. In the current study, we showed that C-MYC was overexpressed in 16.2% (17/105) of Chinese patients with localized PCa. Overexpression of C-MYC was significantly associated with high Gleason scores (P = 0.012) and high Ki67 labeling index (P = 0.005). C-MYC overexpression was correlated with cancer-related mortality and suggested to be an unfavorable prognostic factor in Chinese PCa patients (P = 0.018). Overexpression of C-MYC is associated with SOX4 overexpression in PCa tissues. Notably, SOX4 is a direct target gene of C-MYC; C-MYC activates SOX4 expression via binding to its promoter. In addition, Co-IP analysis demonstrated a physical interaction between C-MYC and SOX4 protein in PCa cells. Clinically, C-MYC+/SOX4+ characterized poor prognosis in a subset of PCa patients. In total, C-MYC overexpression may contribute to PCa progression by activating SOX4. Our findings highlight an important role of C-MYC/SOX4 in PCa progression in a subset of PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Department of Pathology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Jing Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Research Center for Medical Biotechnology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Mei Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ning Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- Department of Pathology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Muyi Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xinnuo Bai
- Department of Human Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S3J6, Canada
| | - Xuemei Zhan
- Department of Pathology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Bo Han
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, China.
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22
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Zhao M, Qi M, Li X, Hu J, Zhang J, Jiao M, Bai X, Peng X, Han B. CUL4B/miR-33b/C-MYC axis promotes prostate cancer progression. Prostate 2019; 79:480-488. [PMID: 30609075 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cullin 4B (CUL4B), a scaffold protein that assembles CRL4B ubiquitin ligase complexes, is overexpressed in many types of solid tumors and contributes to epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressors. However, its clinical significance and underlying molecular mechanisms in prostate cancer (PCa) remain unknown. METHODS The clinical significance of CUL4B in PCa was characterized by in silico method. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to study the transcript and protein expression levels of CUL4B and C-MYC. Bioinformatics tools, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase reporter assay were utilized to identify and characterize the microRNAs (miRNAs) regulated by CUL4B. The biological function of CUL4B and miR-33b-5p was evaluated by MTS, transwell, and wound healing assays, accordingly. RESULTS CUL4B is significantly overexpressed in PCa tissues compared with benign prostatic tissues and its overexpression is correlated with poor prognosis. CUL4B promotes proliferation and aggressiveness of PCa cells in vitro. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that CUL4B upregulates the expression of C-MYC at post-transcriptional level through epigenetic silencing of miR-33b-5p. Importantly, CUL4B-induced oncogenic activity in PCa by targeting C-MYC is repressed by miR-33b-5p. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested a novel CUL4B/miR-33b/C-MYC axis implicated in PCa cell growth and progression. This might provide novel insight into how CUL4B contributed to PCa aggressiveness and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfeng Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, Shandong University QiLu Medical College, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Mei Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, Shandong University QiLu Medical College, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xinjun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, Shandong University QiLu Medical College, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Jing Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, Shandong University QiLu Medical College, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Meng Jiao
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, Shandong University QiLu Medical College, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xinnuo Bai
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xijia Peng
- Human Biology Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bo Han
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, Shandong University QiLu Medical College, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University QiLu Hospital, Jinan, China
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23
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Horak P, Weischenfeldt J, von Amsberg G, Beyer B, Schütte A, Uhrig S, Gieldon L, Klink B, Feuerbach L, Hübschmann D, Kreutzfeldt S, Heining C, Maier S, Hutter B, Penzel R, Schlesner M, Eils R, Sauter G, Stenzinger A, Brors B, Schröck E, Glimm H, Fröhling S, Schlomm T. Response to olaparib in a PALB2 germline mutated prostate cancer and genetic events associated with resistance. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2019; 5:mcs.a003657. [PMID: 30833416 PMCID: PMC6549578 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a003657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancers harboring DNA repair gene alterations are particularly sensitive to PARP inhibitor treatment. We report a case of an advanced prostate cancer patient profiled within the NCT-MASTER (Molecularly Aided Stratification for Tumor Eradication Research) precision oncology program using next-generation sequencing. Comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic analysis identified a pathogenic germline PALB2 variant as well as a mutational signature associated with disturbed homologous recombination together with structural genomic rearrangements. A molecular tumor board identified a potential benefit of targeted therapy and recommended PARP inhibition and platinum-based chemotherapy. Single-agent treatment with the PARP inhibitor olaparib as well as subsequent combination with platinum-based chemotherapy resulted in disease stabilization and substantial improvement of clinical symptoms. Upon progression, we performed whole-exome and RNA sequencing of a liver metastasis, which demonstrated up-regulation of several genes characteristic for the neuroendocrine prostate cancer phenotype as well as a novel translocation resulting in an in-frame, loss-of-function fusion of RB1. We suggest that multidimensional genomic characterization of prostate cancer patients undergoing PARP inhibitor therapy will be necessary to capture and understand predictive biomarkers of PARP inhibitor sensitivity and resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Horak
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,DKFZ-Heidelberg Center for Personalized Oncology (HIPO), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Weischenfeldt
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC) and Finsen Laboratory, University of Copenhagen and Rigshospitalet, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Urology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunhild von Amsberg
- Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Beyer
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schütte
- Department of Urology, St. Antonius-Hospital, 48599 Gronau, Germany
| | - Sebastian Uhrig
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Applied Bioinformatics, DKFZ and NCT Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Gieldon
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,NCT Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Klink
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,NCT Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lars Feuerbach
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Applied Bioinformatics, DKFZ and NCT Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Hübschmann
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany and Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Kreutzfeldt
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Heining
- NCT Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Translational Medical Oncology, NCT Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Barbara Hutter
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Applied Bioinformatics, DKFZ and NCT Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Penzel
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schlesner
- Bioinformatics and Omics Data Analytics, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Eils
- Health Data Science Unit, Bioquant, Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health and Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Albrecht Stenzinger
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Brors
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Applied Bioinformatics, DKFZ and NCT Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Evelin Schröck
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,NCT Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hanno Glimm
- NCT Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Translational Medical Oncology, NCT Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Fröhling
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,DKFZ-Heidelberg Center for Personalized Oncology (HIPO), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Department of Urology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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24
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Neural Transcription Factors in Disease Progression. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1210:437-462. [PMID: 31900920 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32656-2_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Progression to the malignant state is fundamentally dependent on transcriptional regulation in cancer cells. Optimum abundance of cell cycle proteins, angiogenesis factors, immune evasion markers, etc. is needed for proliferation, metastasis or resistance to treatment. Therefore, dysregulation of transcription factors can compromise the normal prostate transcriptional network and contribute to malignant disease progression.The androgen receptor (AR) is considered to be a key transcription factor in prostate cancer (PCa) development and progression. Consequently, androgen pathway inhibitors (APIs) are currently the mainstay in PCa treatment, especially in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, emerging evidence suggests that with increased administration of potent APIs, prostate cancer can progress to a highly aggressive disease that morphologically resembles small cell carcinoma, which is referred to as neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), treatment-induced or treatment-emergent small cell prostate cancer. This chapter will review how neuronal transcription factors play a part in inducing a plastic stage in prostate cancer cells that eventually progresses to a more aggressive state such as NEPC.
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25
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Markowski MC, Hubbard GK, Hicks JL, Zheng Q, King A, Esopi D, Rege A, Yegnasubramanian S, Bieberich CJ, De Marzo AM. Characterization of novel cell lines derived from a MYC-driven murine model of lethal metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Prostate 2018; 78:992-1000. [PMID: 29851094 PMCID: PMC9844589 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss or mutation of PTEN alleles at 10q23 in combination with 8q24 amplification (encompassing MYC) are common findings in aggressive, human prostate cancer. Our group recently developed a transgenic murine model of prostate cancer involving prostate-specific Pten deletion and forced expression of MYC under the control of the Hoxb13 promoter. MYC overexpression cooperated with Pten loss to recapitulate lethal, human prostate cancer. METHOD We now report on the generation of two mouse prostate cancer cell lines, BMPC1 and BMPC2, derived from a lymph node, and liver metastasis, respectively. RESULTS Both cell lines demonstrate a phenotype consistent with adenocarcinoma and grew under standard tissue culture conditions. Androgen receptor (AR) protein expression is minimal (BMPC1) or absent (BMPC2) consistent with AR loss observed in the BMPC mouse model of invasive adenocarcinoma. Growth in media containing charcoal-stripped serum resulted in an increase in AR mRNA in BMPC1 cells with no effect on protein expression, unless androgens were added, in which case AR protein was stabilized, and showed nuclear localization. AR expression in BMPC2 cells was not effected by growth media or treatment with androgens. Treatment with an anti-androgen/castration or androgen supplemented media did not affect in vitro or in vivo growth of either cell line, irrespective of nuclear AR detection. DISCUSSION These cell lines are a novel model of androgen-insensitive prostatic adenocarcinoma driven by MYC over-expression and Pten loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Markowski
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gretchen K. Hubbard
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jessica L. Hicks
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Qizhi Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alexia King
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David Esopi
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Apurv Rege
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Charles J. Bieberich
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Angelo M. De Marzo
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School, Baltimore, Maryland
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26
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Salvi S, Casadio V, Martignano F, Gurioli G, Tumedei MM, Calistri D, Gunelli R, Costantini M. Carcinosarcoma of the prostate: case report with molecular and histological characterization. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 33:540-544. [DOI: 10.1177/1724600818791463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: We report a case of prostatic carcinosarcoma, a rare variant of prostatic cancer, which is composed of a mixture of epithelial and mesenchymal components with a generally poor outcome. Aims and methods: We aim to identify molecular alterations, in particular copy number variations of AR and c -MYC genes, methylation and expression of glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), AR, and phosphorylated AR expression. Results: We found a distinct molecular pattern between adenocarcinoma and carcinosarcoma, which was characterized by high AR copy number variation gain; positive expression of PD-L1, AR, and phosphorylated AR; low espression of GSTP1 in epithelial component. The sarcomatoid component had a lower gain of the AR gene, and no expression of PD-L1, AR, phosphorylated AR, or GSTP1. Both components had a gain of c-MYC copy number variation. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that carcinosarcoma has specific molecular characteristics that could be indicative for early diagnosis and treatment selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Salvi
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Valentina Casadio
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Filippo Martignano
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giorgia Gurioli
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Maria Maddalena Tumedei
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Daniele Calistri
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Roberta Gunelli
- Department of Urology, Morgagni Pierantoni Hospital, Forli, Italy
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27
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Vagner T, Spinelli C, Minciacchi VR, Balaj L, Zandian M, Conley A, Zijlstra A, Freeman MR, Demichelis F, De S, Posadas EM, Tanaka H, Di Vizio D. Large extracellular vesicles carry most of the tumour DNA circulating in prostate cancer patient plasma. J Extracell Vesicles 2018; 7:1505403. [PMID: 30108686 PMCID: PMC6084494 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2018.1505403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed structures of highly variable size. EVs contain a myriad of substances (proteins, lipid, RNA, DNA) that provide a reservoir of circulating molecules, thus offering a good source of biomarkers. We demonstrate here that large EVs (L-EV) (large oncosomes) isolated from prostate cancer (PCa) cells and patient plasma are an EV population that is enriched in chromosomal DNA, including large fragments up to 2 million base pair long. While L-EVs and small EVs (S-EV) (exosomes) isolated from the same cells contained similar amounts of protein, the DNA was more abundant in L-EV, despite S-EVs being more numerous. Consistent with in vitro observations, the abundance of DNA in L-EV obtained from PCa patient plasma was variable but frequently high. Conversely, negligible amounts of DNA were present in the S-EVs from the same patients. Controlled experimental conditions, with spike-ins of L-EVs and S-EVs from cancer cells in human plasma from healthy subjects, showed that circulating DNA is almost exclusively enclosed in L-EVs. Whole genome sequencing revealed that the DNA in L-EVs reflects genetic aberrations of the cell of origin, including copy number variations of genes frequently altered in metastatic PCa (i.e. MYC, AKT1, PTK2, KLF10 and PTEN). These results demonstrate that L-EV-derived DNA reflects the genomic make-up of the tumour of origin. They also support the conclusion that L-EVs are the fraction of plasma EVs with DNA content that should be interrogated for tumour-derived genomic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Vagner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cristiana Spinelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Valentina R Minciacchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Leonora Balaj
- Department of Neurology, Program in Neuroscience, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mandana Zandian
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Conley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andries Zijlstra
- Dep nartment of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael R Freeman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Subhajyoti De
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Edwin M Posadas
- Urologic Oncology Program and Uro-Oncology Research Laboratories, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hisashi Tanaka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dolores Di Vizio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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PanCD44 Immunohistochemical Evaluation in Prostatectomies from Patients with Adenocarcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:2061268. [PMID: 29682524 PMCID: PMC5846379 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2061268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Introduction CD44 has been proposed as a prognostic marker and a stem cell marker but studies in patients with prostate cancer have yielded inconsistent results. Patients and Methods Patients submitted to radical prostatectomy between 2008 and 2013 at a university hospital were followed with biannual serum PSA tests to determine the biochemical recurrence (BR). Archived paraffin blocks with neoplastic and nonneoplastic tissue were evaluated immunohistochemically for a panCD44 and MYC. Results Sixty-nine patients completed follow-up and were included. CD44 positivity was observed in inflammatory cells (42%), nonneoplastic epithelium (39.7%), and neoplastic tissue (12.3%). In nonneoplastic tissues staining was observed in basal and luminal cells with the morphology of terminally differentiated cells. In neoplastic tissues, CD44 negativity was correlated with higher Gleason scores (Rho = −0.204; p = 0.042) and higher preoperative serum PSA levels when evaluated continuously (p = 0.029). CD44 expression was not associated with tumor stage (p = 0.668), surgical margin status (p = 0.471), or BR (p = 0.346), nor was there any association between CD44 and MYC expression in neoplastic tissue (p = 1.0). Conclusion In the bulk of cells, the minority of cancer stem cells would not be detected by immunohistochemistry using panCD44. As a prognostic marker, its expression was weakly correlated with Gleason score and preoperative PSA level, but not with surgical margin status, tumor stage, or BR.
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Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world and distant metastasis is the leading cause of death among CRC patients. However, the underlying mechanisms of distant metastasis remain largely unknown. Amplification of 8q24 is a common chromosomal abnormality in CRC. In the present study, a putative oncogene at 8q24, TRIB1, was characterized for its role in CRC metastasis and underlying molecular mechanisms. Higher expression of TRIB1 protein was detected in 58/83 (69.9%) of CRC tissues, compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues. Moreover, the expression of TRIB1 was significantly associated with distant metastasis (P=0.043) and advanced staging (P=0.008) in CRC tissues. TRIB1 overexpression was also correlated with poor prognosis in CRC patients as analyzed in PrognoScan database. In addition, elevated expression of TRIB1 promoted CRC cell motility and adhesive ability, while silencing of TRIB1 reduced those effects. Further study revealed that TRIB1-mediated migration and invasion of CRC cells required up-regulation of MMP-2 through the activation of FAK/Src and ERK pathway. Collectively, the results suggest that TRIB1 promotes CRC cell motility by activation MMP-2 via the FAK/Src and ERK pathways. It may provide a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for CRC.
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Prostate Cancer Genomics: Recent Advances and the Prevailing Underrepresentation from Racial and Ethnic Minorities. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041255. [PMID: 29690565 PMCID: PMC5979433 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (CaP) is the most commonly diagnosed non-cutaneous cancer and the second leading cause of male cancer deaths in the United States. Among African American (AA) men, CaP is the most prevalent malignancy, with disproportionately higher incidence and mortality rates. Even after discounting the influence of socioeconomic factors, the effect of molecular and genetic factors on racial disparity of CaP is evident. Earlier studies on the molecular basis for CaP disparity have focused on the influence of heritable mutations and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Most CaP susceptibility alleles identified based on genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were common, low-penetrance variants. Germline CaP-associated mutations that are highly penetrant, such as those found in HOXB13 and BRCA2, are usually rare. More recently, genomic studies enabled by Next-Gen Sequencing (NGS) technologies have focused on the identification of somatic mutations that contribute to CaP tumorigenesis. These studies confirmed the high prevalence of ERG gene fusions and PTEN deletions among Caucasian Americans and identified novel somatic alterations in SPOP and FOXA1 genes in early stages of CaP. Individuals with African ancestry and other minorities are often underrepresented in these large-scale genomic studies, which are performed primarily using tumors from men of European ancestry. The insufficient number of specimens from AA men and other minority populations, together with the heterogeneity in the molecular etiology of CaP across populations, challenge the generalizability of findings from these projects. Efforts to close this gap by sequencing larger numbers of tumor specimens from more diverse populations, although still at an early stage, have discovered distinct genomic alterations. These research findings can have a direct impact on the diagnosis of CaP, the stratification of patients for treatment, and can help to address the disparity in incidence and mortality of CaP. This review examines the progress of understanding in CaP genetics and genomics and highlight the need to increase the representation from minority populations.
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miR-1204 targets VDR to promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in breast cancer. Oncogene 2018; 37:3426-3439. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0215-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Association between 8q24 (rs13281615 and rs6983267) polymorphism and breast cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis involving 117,355 subjects. Oncotarget 2018; 7:68002-68011. [PMID: 27634905 PMCID: PMC5356534 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Published data on the association between 8q24 polymorphism and breast cancer (BC) risk are inconclusive. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between 8q24 (rs13281615 and rs6983267) polymorphism and BC risk. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library up to August 13, 2015 for relevant studies. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the strength of associations. Twenty-six studies published from 2008 to 2014, with a total of 52,683 cases and 64,672 controls, were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that there was significant association between 8q24 rs13281615 polymorphism and BC risk in any genetic model. In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, the effects remained in Asians and Caucasians. However, no genetic models reached statistical association in Africans. There was no association in any genetic model in rs6983267. This meta-analysis suggests that 8q24 rs13281615 polymorphism is a risk factor for susceptibility to BC in Asians, Caucasians and in overall population, While, there was no association in Africans. The rs6983267 polymorphism has no association with BC risk in any genetic model. Further large scale multicenter epidemiological studies are warranted to confirm this finding.
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Barros-Silva D, Costa-Pinheiro P, Duarte H, Sousa EJ, Evangelista AF, Graça I, Carneiro I, Martins AT, Oliveira J, Carvalho AL, Marques MM, Henrique R, Jerónimo C. MicroRNA-27a-5p regulation by promoter methylation and MYC signaling in prostate carcinogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:167. [PMID: 29415999 PMCID: PMC5833437 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0241-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Upregulation of MYC and miRNAs deregulation are common in prostate cancer (PCa). Overactive MYC may cause miRNAs’ expression deregulation through transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms and epigenetic alterations are also involved in miRNAs dysregulation. Herein, we aimed to elucidate the role of regulatory network between MYC and miRNAs in prostate carcinogenesis. MYC expression was found upregulated in PCa cases and matched precursor lesions. MicroRNA’s microarray analysis of PCa samples with opposed MYC levels identified miRNAs significantly overexpressed in high-MYC PCa. However, validation of miR-27a-5p in primary prostate tissues disclosed downregulation in PCa, instead, correlating with aberrant promoter methylation. In a series of castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) cases, miR-27a-5p was upregulated, along with promoter hypomethylation. MYC and miR-27a-5p expression levels in LNCaP and PC3 cells mirrored those observed in hormone-naíve PCa and CRPC, respectively. ChIP analysis showed that miR-27a-5p expression is only regulated by c-Myc in the absence of aberrant promoter methylation. MiR-27a-5p knockdown in PC3 cells promoted cell growth, whereas miRNA forced expression in LNCaP and stable MYC-knockdown PC3 cells attenuated the malignant phenotype, suggesting a tumor suppressive role for miR-27a-5p. Furthermore, miR-27a-5p upregulation decreased EGFR/Akt1/mTOR signaling. We concluded that miR-27a-5p is positively regulated by MYC, and its silencing due to aberrant promoter methylation occurs early in prostate carcinogenesis, concomitantly with loss of MYC regulatory activity. Our results further suggest that along PCa progression, miR-27a-5p promoter becomes hypomethylated, allowing for MYC to resume its regulatory activity. However, the altered cellular context averts miR-27a-5p from successfully accomplishing its tumor suppressive function at this stage of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Barros-Silva
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Master in Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar-University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Costa-Pinheiro
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Henrique Duarte
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Elsa Joana Sousa
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Inês Graça
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Isa Carneiro
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Master in Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar-University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Teresa Martins
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Master in Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar-University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Oliveira
- Department of Urology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - André L Carvalho
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcia M Marques
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil.,Barretos School of Health Sciences, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS)-University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal. .,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS)-University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Pettersson A, Gerke T, Penney KL, Lis RT, Stack EC, Pértega-Gomes N, Zadra G, Tyekucheva S, Giovannucci EL, Mucci LA, Loda M. MYC Overexpression at the Protein and mRNA Level and Cancer Outcomes among Men Treated with Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 27:201-207. [PMID: 29141848 PMCID: PMC5831163 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-0637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The proto-oncogene MYC is implicated in prostate cancer progression. Whether MYC tumor expression at the protein or mRNA level is associated with poorer prognosis has not been well studied.Methods: We conducted a cohort study including 634 men from the Physicians' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study treated with radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer in 1983-2004 and followed up for a median of 13.7 years. MYC protein expression was evaluated using IHC, and we used Cox regression to calculate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of its association with lethal prostate cancer (distant metastases/prostate cancer-related death). We assessed the association between MYC mRNA expression and lethal prostate cancer in a case-control study, including 113 lethal cases and 291 indolent controls.Results: MYC nuclear protein expression was present in 97% of tumors. MYC protein expression was positively correlated with tumor proliferation rate (r = 0.37; P < 0.001) and negatively correlated with apoptotic count (r = -0.17; P < 0.001). There were no significant associations between MYC protein expression and stage, grade, or PSA level at diagnosis. The multivariable HR for lethal prostate cancer among men in the top versus bottom quartile of MYC protein expression was 1.09 (95% CI, 0.50-2.35). There was no significant association between MYC mRNA expression and lethal prostate cancer.Conclusions: Neither MYC protein overexpression nor MYC mRNA overexpression are strong prognostic markers in men treated with radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer.Impact: This is the largest study to examine the prognostic role of MYC protein and mRNA expression in prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(2); 201-7. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Pettersson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Travis Gerke
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Kathryn L Penney
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rosina T Lis
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edward C Stack
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nelma Pértega-Gomes
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Giorgia Zadra
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Svitlana Tyekucheva
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Departments of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Liu H, Li J, Koirala P, Ding X, Chen B, Wang Y, Wang Z, Wang C, Zhang X, Mo YY. Long non-coding RNAs as prognostic markers in human breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:20584-96. [PMID: 26942882 PMCID: PMC4991477 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been recently shown to play an important role in gene regulation and normal cellular functions, and disease processes. However, despite the overwhelming number of lncRNAs identified to date, little is known about their role in cancer for vast majority of them. The present study aims to determine whether lncRNAs can serve as prognostic markers in human breast cancer. We interrogated the breast invasive carcinoma dataset of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) at the cBioPortal consisting of ~ 1,000 cases. Among 2,730 lncRNAs analyzed, 577 lncRNAs had alterations ranging from 1% to 32% frequency, which include mutations, alterations of copy number and RNA expression. We found that deregulation of 11 lncRNAs, primarily due to copy number alteration, is associated with poor overall survival. At RNA expression level, upregulation of 4 lncRNAs (LINC00657, LINC00346, LINC00654 and HCG11) was associated with poor overall survival. A third signature consists of 9 lncRNAs (LINC00705, LINC00310, LINC00704, LINC00574, FAM74A3, UMODL1-AS1, ARRDC1-AS1, HAR1A, and LINC00323) and their upregulation can predict recurrence. Finally, we selected LINC00657 to determine their role in breast cancer, and found that LINC00657 knockout significantly suppresses tumor cell growth and proliferation, suggesting that it plays an oncogenic role. Together, these results highlight the clinical significance of lncRNAs, and thus, these lncRNAs may serve as prognostic markers for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Liu
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.,Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Juan Li
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shangdong Province, China
| | - Pratirodh Koirala
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Xianfeng Ding
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.,College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Binghai Chen
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yiheng Wang
- School of Computing, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Zheng Wang
- School of Computing, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Chuanxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shangdong Province, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Yin-Yuan Mo
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.,Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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Böttcher R, Kweldam CF, Livingstone J, Lalonde E, Yamaguchi TN, Huang V, Yousif F, Fraser M, Bristow RG, van der Kwast T, Boutros PC, Jenster G, van Leenders GJLH. Cribriform and intraductal prostate cancer are associated with increased genomic instability and distinct genomic alterations. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:8. [PMID: 29295717 PMCID: PMC5751811 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3976-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive cribriform and intraductal carcinoma (CR/IDC) is associated with adverse outcome of prostate cancer patients. The aim of this study was to determine the molecular aberrations associated with CR/IDC in primary prostate cancer, focusing on genomic instability and somatic copy number alterations (CNA). METHODS Whole-slide images of The Cancer Genome Atlas Project (TCGA, N = 260) and the Canadian Prostate Cancer Genome Network (CPC-GENE, N = 199) radical prostatectomy datasets were reviewed for Gleason score (GS) and presence of CR/IDC. Genomic instability was assessed by calculating the percentage of genome altered (PGA). Somatic copy number alterations (CNA) were determined using Fisher-Boschloo tests and logistic regression. Primary analysis were performed on TCGA (N = 260) as discovery and CPC-GENE (N = 199) as validation set. RESULTS CR/IDC growth was present in 80/260 (31%) TCGA and 76/199 (38%) CPC-GENE cases. Patients with CR/IDC and ≥ GS 7 had significantly higher PGA than men without this pattern in both TCGA (2.2 fold; p = 0.0003) and CPC-GENE (1.7 fold; p = 0.004) cohorts. CR/IDC growth was associated with deletions of 8p, 16q, 10q23, 13q22, 17p13, 21q22, and amplification of 8q24. CNAs comprised a total of 1299 gene deletions and 369 amplifications in the TCGA dataset, of which 474 and 328 events were independently validated, respectively. Several of the affected genes were known to be associated with aggressive prostate cancer such as loss of PTEN, CDH1, BCAR1 and gain of MYC. Point mutations in TP53, SPOP and FOXA1were also associated with CR/IDC, but occurred less frequently than CNAs. CONCLUSIONS CR/IDC growth is associated with increased genomic instability clustering to genetic regions involved in aggressive prostate cancer. Therefore, CR/IDC is a pathologic substrate for progressive molecular tumour derangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Böttcher
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte F. Kweldam
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Josephine Nefkens Institute building, Be-222, P.O. Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA The Netherlands
| | - Julie Livingstone
- Informatics & Biocomputing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Emilie Lalonde
- Informatics & Biocomputing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Takafumi N. Yamaguchi
- Informatics & Biocomputing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Vincent Huang
- Informatics & Biocomputing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Fouad Yousif
- Informatics & Biocomputing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Michael Fraser
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Robert G. Bristow
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Theodorus van der Kwast
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Paul C. Boutros
- Informatics & Biocomputing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Guido Jenster
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Geert J. L. H. van Leenders
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Josephine Nefkens Institute building, Be-222, P.O. Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA The Netherlands
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Geng C, Kaochar S, Li M, Rajapakshe K, Fiskus W, Dong J, Foley C, Dong B, Zhang L, Kwon OJ, Shah SS, Bolaki M, Xin L, Ittmann M, O’Malley BW, Coarfa C, Mitsiades N. SPOP regulates prostate epithelial cell proliferation and promotes ubiquitination and turnover of c-MYC oncoprotein. Oncogene 2017; 36:4767-4777. [PMID: 28414305 PMCID: PMC5887163 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The E3 ubiquitin ligase adaptor speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP) is frequently dysregulated in prostate adenocarcinoma (PC), via either somatic mutations or mRNA downregulation, suggesting an important tumour suppressor function. To examine its physiologic role in the prostate epithelium in vivo, we generated mice with prostate-specific biallelic ablation of Spop. These mice exhibited increased prostate mass, prostate epithelial cell proliferation, and expression of c-MYC protein compared to littermate controls, and eventually developed prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). We found that SPOPWT can physically interact with c-MYC protein and, upon exogenous expression in vitro, can promote c-MYC ubiquitination and degradation. This effect was attenuated in PC cells by introducing PC-associated SPOP mutants or upon knockdown of SPOP via short-hairpin-RNA, suggesting that SPOP inactivation directly increases c-MYC protein levels. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis revealed enrichment of Myc-induced genes in transcriptomic signatures associated with SPOPMT. Likewise, we observed strong inverse correlation between c-MYC activity and SPOP mRNA levels in two independent PC patient cohorts. The core SPOPMT;MYCHigh transcriptomic response, defined by the overlap between the SPOPMT and c-MYC transcriptomic programmes, was also associated with inferior clinical outcome in human PCs. Finally, the organoid-forming capacity of Spop-null murine prostate cells was more sensitive to c-MYC inhibition than that of Spop-WT cells, suggesting that c-MYC upregulation functionally contributes to the proliferative phenotype of Spop knock-out prostates. Taken together, our data highlight SPOP as an important regulator of luminal epithelial cell proliferation and c-MYC expression in prostate physiology, identify c-MYC as a novel bona fide SPOP substrate, and help explain the frequent inactivation of SPOP in human PC. We propose SPOPMT-induced stabilization of c-MYC protein as a novel mechanism that can increase total c-MYC levels in PC cells, in addition to amplification of c-MYC locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuandong Geng
- Dept. of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Dept. of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Salma Kaochar
- Dept. of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Dept. of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Min Li
- Dept. of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Dept. of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Houston, TX 77030
| | | | - Warren Fiskus
- Dept. of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Dept. of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jianrong Dong
- Dept. of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Christopher Foley
- Dept. of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Dept. of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Boming Dong
- Dept. of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Dept. of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Li Zhang
- Dept. of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Oh-Joon Kwon
- Dept. of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Shrijal S. Shah
- Dept. of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Dept. of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Menaka Bolaki
- Dept. of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Dept. of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Li Xin
- Dept. of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Houston, TX 77030
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Michael Ittmann
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
- Dept. of Pathology and Immunology and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | | | - Cristian Coarfa
- Dept. of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Houston, TX 77030
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Nicholas Mitsiades
- Dept. of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Dept. of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Houston, TX 77030
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
- Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
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Rebello RJ, Pearson RB, Hannan RD, Furic L. Therapeutic Approaches Targeting MYC-Driven Prostate Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8020071. [PMID: 28212321 PMCID: PMC5333060 DOI: 10.3390/genes8020071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcript encoding the proto-oncogene MYC is commonly overexpressed in prostate cancer (PC). MYC protein abundance is also increased in the majority of cases of advanced and metastatic castrate-resistant PC (mCRPC). Accordingly, the MYC-directed transcriptional program directly contributes to PC by upregulating the expression of a number of pro-tumorigenic factors involved in cell growth and proliferation. A key cellular process downstream of MYC activity is the regulation of ribosome biogenesis which sustains tumor growth. MYC activity also cooperates with the dysregulation of the phosphoinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mTOR pathway to promote PC cell survival. Recent advances in the understanding of these interactions through the use of animal models have provided significant insight into the therapeutic efficacy of targeting MYC activity by interfering with its transcriptional program, and indirectly by targeting downstream cellular events linked to MYC transformation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Rebello
- Prostate Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Richard B Pearson
- Oncogenic Signalling and Growth Control Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Ross D Hannan
- Oncogenic Signalling and Growth Control Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.
- The ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Luc Furic
- Prostate Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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40
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Silva MP, Barros-Silva JD, Ersvær E, Kildal W, Hveem TS, Pradhan M, Vieira J, Teixeira MR, Danielsen HE. Cancer Prognosis Defined by the Combined Analysis of 8q, PTEN and ERG. Transl Oncol 2016; 9:575-582. [PMID: 27916292 PMCID: PMC5143339 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Overtreatment is a major concern in men diagnosed with prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined prognostic role of three frequent molecular alterations in prostate cancer, namely relative 8q gain, ERG overexpression, and loss of PTEN expression, in a series of 136 patients with prostate cancer treated with prostatectomy and with a long follow-up. Fluorescent in situ hybridization was used to detect the relative copy number of 8q and immunohistochemistry was used for quantitative assessment of ERG and PTEN expression. During a median follow-up period of 117.8 months, 66 (49%) patients had disease recurrence. Relative 8q gain, ERG overexpression, and loss of PTEN expression were observed in 18%, 56%, and 33% of the cases, respectively. No association with patient recurrence-free survival was found for relative 8q gain or ERG overexpression on their own, whereas loss of PTEN expression was associated with worse recurrence-free survival (P=.006). Interestingly, in the subgroup of patients with normal PTEN expression, we found that the combined relative 8q gain/ERG overexpression is associated with high risk of recurrence (P=.008), suggesting that alternative mechanisms exist for progression into clinically aggressive disease. Additionally, in intermediate-risk patients with normal PTEN expression in their tumors, the combination of 8q gain/ERG overexpression was associated with a poor recurrence-free survival (P<.001), thus indicating independent prognostic value. This study shows that the combined analysis of 8q, ERG and PTEN contributes to an improved clinical outcome stratification of prostate cancer patients treated with radical prostatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Silva
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal; Cancer Genetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - João D Barros-Silva
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal; Cancer Genetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Elin Ersvær
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Center for Cancer Biomedicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wanja Kildal
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Center for Cancer Biomedicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tarjei Sveinsgjerd Hveem
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Center for Cancer Biomedicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Manohar Pradhan
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Center for Cancer Biomedicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joana Vieira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal; Cancer Genetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Håvard E Danielsen
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Center for Cancer Biomedicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, 0310 Oslo, Norway; Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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41
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Dalin MG, Desrichard A, Katabi N, Makarov V, Walsh LA, Lee KW, Wang Q, Armenia J, West L, Dogan S, Wang L, Ramaswami D, Ho AL, Ganly I, Solit DB, Berger MF, Schultz ND, Reis-Filho JS, Chan TA, Morris LGT. Comprehensive Molecular Characterization of Salivary Duct Carcinoma Reveals Actionable Targets and Similarity to Apocrine Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:4623-33. [PMID: 27103403 PMCID: PMC5026550 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is an aggressive salivary malignancy, which is resistant to chemotherapy and has high mortality rates. We investigated the molecular landscape of SDC, focusing on genetic alterations and gene expression profiles. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We performed whole-exome sequencing, RNA sequencing, and immunohistochemical analyses in 16 SDC tumors and examined selected alterations via targeted sequencing of 410 genes in a second cohort of 15 SDCs. RESULTS SDCs harbored a higher mutational burden than many other salivary carcinomas (1.7 mutations/Mb). The most frequent genetic alterations were mutations in TP53 (55%), HRAS (23%), PIK3CA (23%), and amplification of ERBB2 (35%). Most (74%) tumors had alterations in either MAPK (BRAF/HRAS/NF1) genes or ERBB2 Potentially targetable alterations based on supportive clinical evidence were present in 61% of tumors. Androgen receptor (AR) was overexpressed in 75%; several potential resistance mechanisms to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) were identified, including the AR-V7 splice variant (present in 50%, often at low ratios compared with full-length AR) and FOXA1 mutations (10%). Consensus clustering and pathway analyses in transcriptome data revealed striking similarities between SDC and molecular apocrine breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS This study illuminates the landscape of genetic alterations and gene expression programs in SDC, identifying numerous molecular targets and potential determinants of response to AR antagonism. This has relevance for emerging clinical studies of ADT and other targeted therapies in SDC. The similarities between SDC and apocrine breast cancer indicate that clinical data in breast cancer may generate useful hypotheses for SDC. Clin Cancer Res; 22(18); 4623-33. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin G Dalin
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Alexis Desrichard
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nora Katabi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Vladimir Makarov
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Logan A Walsh
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ken-Wing Lee
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Qingguo Wang
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Joshua Armenia
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lyndsay West
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Snjezana Dogan
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Deepa Ramaswami
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Alan L Ho
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ian Ganly
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - David B Solit
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael F Berger
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nikolaus D Schultz
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jorge S Reis-Filho
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Timothy A Chan
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
| | - Luc G T Morris
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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Udager AM, De Marzo AM, Shi Y, Hicks JL, Cao X, Siddiqui J, Jiang H, Chinnaiyan AM, Mehra R. Concurrent nuclear ERG and MYC protein overexpression defines a subset of locally advanced prostate cancer: Potential opportunities for synergistic targeted therapeutics. Prostate 2016; 76:845-53. [PMID: 27159573 PMCID: PMC4975940 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent ERG gene fusions, the most common genetic alterations in prostate cancer, drive overexpression of the nuclear transcription factor ERG, and are early clonal events in prostate cancer progression. The nuclear transcription factor MYC is also frequently overexpressed in prostate cancer and may play a role in tumor initiation and/or progression. The relationship between nuclear ERG and MYC protein overexpression in prostate cancer, as well as the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of ERG-positive/MYC high tumors, is not well understood. METHODS Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for ERG and MYC was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue from prostate cancer tissue microarrays (TMAs), and nuclear staining was scored semi-quantitatively (IHC product score range = 0-300). Correlation between nuclear ERG and MYC protein expression and association with clinicopathologic parameters and biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy was assessed. RESULTS 29.1% of all tumor nodules showed concurrent nuclear ERG and MYC protein overexpression (i.e., ERG-positive/MYC high), including 35.0% of secondary nodules. Overall, there was weak positive correlation between ERG and MYC expression across all tumor nodules (rpb = 0.149, P = 0.045), although this correlation was strongest in secondary nodules (rpb = 0.520, P = 0.019). In radical prostatectomy specimens, ERG-positive/MYC high tumors were positively associated with the presence of extraprostatic extension (EPE), relative to all other ERG/MYC expression subgroups, however, there was no significant association between concurrent nuclear ERG and MYC protein overexpression and time to biochemical recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Concurrent nuclear ERG and MYC protein overexpression is common in prostate cancer and defines a subset of locally advanced tumors. Recent data indicates that BET bromodomain proteins regulate ERG gene fusion and MYC gene expression in prostate cancer, suggesting possible synergistic targeted therapeutics in ERG-positive/MYC high tumors. Prostate 76:845-853, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. Udager
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Angelo M. De Marzo
- Department of Pathology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center and The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jessica L. Hicks
- Department of Pathology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center and The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Xuhong Cao
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Javed Siddiqui
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Arul M. Chinnaiyan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Rohit Mehra
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Ann Arbor, MI
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI
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Silva MP, Barros-Silva JD, Vieira J, Lisboa S, Torres L, Correia C, Vieira-Coimbra M, Martins AT, Jerónimo C, Henrique R, Paulo P, Teixeira MR. NCOA2 is a candidate target gene of 8q gain associated with clinically aggressive prostate cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2016; 55:365-74. [PMID: 26799514 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate carcinomas harboring 8q gains are associated with poor clinical outcome, but the target genes of this genomic alteration remain to be unveiled. In this study, we aimed to identify potential 8q target genes associated with clinically aggressive prostate cancer (PCa) using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), genome-wide mRNA expression, and protein expression analyses. Using FISH, we first characterized the relative copy number of 8q (assessed with MYC flanking probes) of a series of 50 radical prostatectomy specimens, with available global gene expression data and typed for E26 transformation specific (ETS) rearrangements, and then compared the gene expression profile of PCa subsets with and without 8q24 gain using Significance Analysis of Microarrays. In the subset of tumors with ERG fusion genes (ERG+), five genes were identified as significantly overexpressed (false discovery rate [FDR], ≤ 5%) in tumors with relative 8q24 gain, namely VN1R1, ZNF417, CDON, IKZF2, and NCOA2. Of these, only NCOA2 is located in 8q (8q13.3), showing a statistically higher mRNA expression in the subgroup with relative 8q gain, both in the ERG+ subgroup and in the whole series (P = 0.000152 and P = 0.008, respectively). Combining all the cases with NCOA2 overexpression, either at the mRNA or at the protein level, we identified a group of tumors with NCOA2 copy-number increase, independently of ETS status and relative 8q24 gain. Furthermore, for the first time, we detected a structural rearrangement involving NCOA2 in PCa. These findings warrant further studies with larger series to evaluate if NCOA2 relative copy-number gain presents prognostic value independently of the well-established poor prognosis associated with MYC relative copy-number gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Silva
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Cancer Genetics Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - João D Barros-Silva
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Cancer Genetics Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Vieira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Lisboa
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Lurdes Torres
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Cecília Correia
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Cancer Genetics Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Márcia Vieira-Coimbra
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana T Martins
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Paulo
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Cancer Genetics Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Cancer Genetics Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Lee KS, Kwak Y, Nam KH, Kim DW, Kang SB, Choe G, Kim WH, Lee HS. c-MYC Copy-Number Gain Is an Independent Prognostic Factor in Patients with Colorectal Cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139727. [PMID: 26426996 PMCID: PMC4591346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and clinicopathological significance of c-MYC gene copy-number (GCN) gain in patients with primary colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods The c-MYC GCN was investigated in 367 consecutive CRC patients (cohort 1) by using dual-color silver in situ hybridization. Additionally, to evaluate regional heterogeneity, we examined CRC tissue from 3 sites including the primary cancer, distant metastasis, and lymph-node metastasis in 152 advanced CRC patients (cohort 2). KRAS exons 2 and 3 were investigated for mutations. Results In cohort 1, c-MYC gene amplification, defined by a c-MYC:centromere of chromosome 8 ratio ≥ 2.0, was detected in 31 (8.4%) of 367 patients. A c-MYC GCN gain, defined by ≥ 4.0 c-MYC copies/nucleus, was found in 63 (17.2%) patients and was associated with poor prognosis (P = 0.015). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the hazard ratio for c-MYC GCN gain was 2.35 (95% confidence interval, 1.453–3.802; P < 0.001). In a subgroup of stage II-III CRC patients, c-MYC GCN gain was significantly associated with poor prognosis by univariate (P = 0.034) and multivariate (P = 0.040) analyses. c-MYC protein overexpression was observed in 201 (54.8%) out of 367 patients and weakly correlated with c-MYC GCN gain (ρ, 0.211). In cohort 2, the c-MYC genetic status was heterogenous in advanced CRC patients. Discordance between GCN gain in the primary tumor and either distant or lymph-node metastasis was 25.7% and 30.4%, respectively. A similar frequency for c-MYC GCN gain and amplification was observed in CRC patients with both wild-type and mutated KRAS. Conclusions c-MYC GCN gain was an independent factor for poor prognosis in consecutive CRC patients and in the stage II-III subgroup. Our findings indicate that the status of c-MYC may be helpful in predicting the patients’ outcome and for managing CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Sang Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjin Kwak
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Han Nam
- Department of Pathology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Duck-Woo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Bum Kang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Gheeyoung Choe
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Seung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Schrecengost RS, Keller SN, Schiewer MJ, Knudsen KE, Smith CD. Downregulation of Critical Oncogenes by the Selective SK2 Inhibitor ABC294640 Hinders Prostate Cancer Progression. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 13:1591-601. [PMID: 26271487 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The bioactive sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) drives several hallmark processes of cancer, making the enzymes that synthesize S1P, that is, sphingosine kinase 1 and 2 (SK1 and SK2), important molecular targets for cancer drug development. ABC294640 is a first-in-class SK2 small-molecule inhibitor that effectively inhibits cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Given that AR and Myc are two of the most widely implicated oncogenes in prostate cancer, and that sphingolipids affect signaling by both proteins, the therapeutic potential for using ABC294640 in the treatment of prostate cancer was evaluated. This study demonstrates that ABC294640 abrogates signaling pathways requisite for prostate cancer growth and proliferation. Key findings validate that ABC294640 treatment of early-stage and advanced prostate cancer models downregulate Myc and AR expression and activity. This corresponds with significant inhibition of growth, proliferation, and cell-cycle progression. Finally, oral administration of ABC294640 was found to dramatically impede xenograft tumor growth. Together, these pre-clinical findings support the hypotheses that SK2 activity is required for prostate cancer function and that ABC294640 represents a new pharmacological agent for treatment of early stage and aggressive prostate cancer. IMPLICATIONS Sphingosine kinase inhibition disrupts multiple oncogenic signaling pathways that are deregulated in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Staci N Keller
- Apogee Biotechnology Corporation, Hummelstown, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew J Schiewer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Karen E Knudsen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Department of Urology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Department of Radiation Oncology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Charles D Smith
- Apogee Biotechnology Corporation, Hummelstown, Pennsylvania.
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Zhang X, Xu Y, He C, Guo X, Zhang J, He C, Zhang L, Kong M, Chen B, Zhu C. Elevated expression of CCAT2 is associated with poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Surg Oncol 2015; 111:834-9. [PMID: 25919911 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES CCAT2, a novel long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), is found to promote the metastasis and invasion of colon, lung, and breast cancers. This study aimed to investigate the level of CCAT2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and to elucidate its clinical significance. METHODS The expression level of CCAT2 and the status of MYC amplification were examined in 229 ESCC samples using quantitative real- time PCR. RESULTS CCAT2 was upregulated in ESCC tissues, especially in cases with lymph node metastasis (LNM), advanced TNM stages, and MYC amplification. Furthermore, the level of CCAT2 was positively correlated with TNM stages, LNM, and the number of positive lymph nodes. High CCAT2 expression and MYC amplification were significantly associated with TNM stages and LNM. Survival analyses revealed that high CCAT2 expression and MYC amplification were significantly associated with poorer overall survival in ESCC patients. Furthermore, patients with high CCAT2 expression and MYC amplification had a 2.199-fold increased risk of death compared with those with low CCAT2 expression and MYC non-amplification. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides the first evidence associating CCAT2 expression and poor survival in ESCC. CCAT2 may be a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
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Hwang DH, Sun H, Rodig SJ, Hornick JL, Sholl LM. Myc protein expression correlates with MYC amplification in small-cell lung carcinoma. Histopathology 2015; 67:81-9. [PMID: 25407018 DOI: 10.1111/his.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Myc family members are important contributors to oncogenesis in a variety of tumours. Identification of therapeutic targets is needed in small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), an aggressive disease with limited treatment options. Sequencing studies have identified MYC amplification in 2-7% of SCLCs. This study aims to determine the rate of MYC gene amplification and its correlation with Myc protein overexpression in SCLC. METHODS AND RESULTS One hundred and three cases of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded SCLC were examined. Myc protein expression was scored according to the extent of immunohistochemical staining. MYC copy number (CN) was evaluated with dual-colour chromogenic in-situ hybridization (CISH) for the MYC locus and a chromosome 8 (Chr8) centromeric control. Amplification was defined as a MYC/Chr8 ratio of ≥2. Thirty-eight per cent of SCLCs had some degree of Myc protein expression, and 9% of cases were MYC-amplified. MYC CN was significantly correlated with the extent of Myc protein expression (Spearman's ρ = 0.57, P < 0.01). There was no significant association between Myc expression or CN and clinicopathological features. CONCLUSIONS MYC amplification by CISH was identified in 9% of SCLCs, and correlated with protein expression. As novel Myc-targeted therapies are developed, CISH and IHC should be considered as biomarkers of Myc pathway dysregulation in SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Hwang
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heather Sun
- Dana Farber/Harvard Cancer Center Pathology Core, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott J Rodig
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Dana Farber/Harvard Cancer Center Pathology Core, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason L Hornick
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lynette M Sholl
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Felgueiras J, Fardilha M. Phosphoprotein phosphatase 1-interacting proteins as therapeutic targets in prostate cancer. World J Pharmacol 2014; 3:120-139. [DOI: 10.5497/wjp.v3.i4.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a major public health concern worldwide, being one of the most prevalent cancers in men. Great improvements have been made both in terms of early diagnosis and therapeutics. However, there is still an urgent need for reliable biomarkers that could overcome the lack of cancer-specificity of prostate-specific antigen, as well as alternative therapeutic targets for advanced metastatic cases. Reversible phosphorylation of proteins is a post-translational modification critical to the regulation of numerous cellular processes. Phosphoprotein phosphatase 1 (PPP1) is a major serine/threonine phosphatase, whose specificity is determined by its interacting proteins. These interactors can be PPP1 substrates, regulators, or even both. Deregulation of this protein-protein interaction network alters cell dynamics and underlies the development of several cancer hallmarks. Therefore, the identification of PPP1 interactome in specific cellular context is of crucial importance. The knowledge on PPP1 complexes in prostate cancer remains scarce, with only 4 holoenzymes characterized in human prostate cancer models. However, an increasing number of PPP1 interactors have been identified as expressed in human prostate tissue, including the tumor suppressors TP53 and RB1. Efforts should be made in order to identify the role of such proteins in prostate carcinogenesis, since only 26 have yet well-recognized roles. Here, we revise literature and human protein databases to provide an in-depth knowledge on the biological significance of PPP1 complexes in human prostate carcinogenesis and their potential use as therapeutic targets for the development of new therapies for prostate cancer.
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Wyce A, Degenhardt Y, Bai Y, Le B, Korenchuk S, Crouthame MC, McHugh CF, Vessella R, Creasy CL, Tummino PJ, Barbash O. Inhibition of BET bromodomain proteins as a therapeutic approach in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2014; 4:2419-29. [PMID: 24293458 PMCID: PMC3926837 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BET (bromodomain and extra-terminal) proteins regulate gene expression through their ability to bind to acetylated chromatin and subsequently activate RNA PolII-driven transcriptional elongation. Small molecule BET inhibitors prevent binding of BET proteins to acetylated histones and inhibit transcriptional activation of BET target genes. BET inhibitors attenuate cell growth and survival in several hematologic cancer models, partially through the down-regulation of the critical oncogene, MYC. We hypothesized that BET inhibitors will regulate MYC expression in solid tumors that frequently over-express MYC. Here we describe the effects of the highly specific BET inhibitor, I-BET762, on MYC expression in prostate cancer models. I-BET762 potently reduced MYC expression in prostate cancer cell lines and a patient-derived tumor model with subsequent inhibition of cell growth and reduction of tumor burden in vivo. Our data suggests that I-BET762 effects are partially driven by MYC down-regulation and underlines the critical importance of additional mechanisms of I-BET762 induced phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Wyce
- Cancer Epigenetics DPU, Oncology R and D GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
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Kelly GM, Kong YH, Dobi A, Srivastava S, Sesterhenn IA, Pathmanathan R, Tan HM, Tan SH, Cheong SC. ERG oncoprotein expression in prostate carcinoma patients of different ethnicities. Mol Clin Oncol 2014; 3:23-30. [PMID: 25469265 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2014.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the erythroblast transformation-specific-related gene (ERG) oncoprotein due to transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2)-ERG fusion, the most prevalent genomic alteration in prostate cancer (CaP), is more frequently observed among Caucasian patients compared to patients of African or Asian descent. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the prevalence of ERG alterations in a multiethnic cohort of CaP patients. A total of 191 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections of transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy specimens, collected from 120 patients treated at the Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Malaysia, were analyzed for ERG protein expression by immunohistochemistry using the anti-ERG monoclonal antibody 9FY as a surrogate for the detection of ERG fusion events. The overall frequency of ERG protein expression in the population evaluated in this study was 39.2%. Although seemingly similar to rates reported in other Asian communities, the expression of ERG was distinct amongst different ethnic groups (P=0.004). Malaysian Indian (MI) patients exhibited exceedingly high expression of ERG in their tumors, almost doubling that of Malaysian Chinese (MC) patients, whereas ERG expression was very low amongst Malay patients (12.5%). When collectively analyzing data, we observed a significant correlation between younger patients and higher ERG expression (P=0.04). The prevalence of ERG expression was significantly different amongst CaP patients of different ethnicities. The higher number of ERG-expressing tumors among MI patients suggested that the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion may be particularly important in the pathogenesis of CaP amongst this group of patients. Furthermore, the more frequent expression of ERG among the younger patients analyzed suggested an involvement of ERG in the early onset of CaP. The results of this study underline the value of using ERG status to better understand the differences in the etiology of CaP initiation and progression between ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Kelly
- Oral Cancer Research Team, Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation (CARIF), 2nd Floor Outpatient Centre, Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Yink Heay Kong
- Oral Cancer Research Team, Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation (CARIF), 2nd Floor Outpatient Centre, Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Albert Dobi
- Department of Surgery, Center for Prostate Disease Research, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Shiv Srivastava
- Department of Surgery, Center for Prostate Disease Research, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | | | | | - Hui Meng Tan
- Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500 ; Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Shyh-Han Tan
- Department of Surgery, Center for Prostate Disease Research, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Sok Ching Cheong
- Oral Cancer Research Team, Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation (CARIF), 2nd Floor Outpatient Centre, Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
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