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Harasym J, Dziendzikowska K, Kopiasz Ł, Wilczak J, Sapierzyński R, Gromadzka-Ostrowska J. Consumption of Feed Supplemented with Oat Beta-Glucan as a Chemopreventive Agent against Colon Cancerogenesis in Rats. Nutrients 2024; 16:1125. [PMID: 38674816 PMCID: PMC11054053 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for 30% of all cancer cases worldwide and is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. CRC develops over a long period of time, and in the early stages, pathological changes can be mitigated through nutritional interventions using bioactive plant compounds. Our study aims to determine the effect of highly purified oat beta-glucan on an animal CRC model. The study was performed on forty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats with azoxymethane-induced early-stage CRC, which consumed feed containing 1% or 3% low molar mass oat beta-glucan (OBG) for 8 weeks. In the large intestine, morphological changes, CRC signaling pathway genes (RT-PCR), and proteins (Western blot, immunohistochemistry) expression were analyzed. Whole blood hematology and blood redox status were also performed. Results indicated that the histologically confirmed CRC condition led to a downregulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway, along with alterations in oncogenic and tumor suppressor gene expression. However, OBG significantly modulated these effects, with the 3% OBG showing a more pronounced impact. Furthermore, CRC rats exhibited elevated levels of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activity in the blood, along with decreased white blood cell and lymphocyte counts. Consumption of OBG at any dose normalized these parameters. The minimal effect of OBG in the physiological intestine and the high activity in the pathological condition suggest that OBG is both safe and effective in early-stage CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Harasym
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Analysis, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, 53-345 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dziendzikowska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (K.D.); (J.G.-O.)
| | - Łukasz Kopiasz
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (K.D.); (J.G.-O.)
| | - Jacek Wilczak
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Rafał Sapierzyński
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Joanna Gromadzka-Ostrowska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (K.D.); (J.G.-O.)
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2
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Rajabi A, Nejati M, Homayoonfal M, Arj A, Razavi ZS, Ostadian A, Mohammadzadeh B, Vosough M, Karimi M, Rahimian N, Hamblin MR, Anoushirvani AA, Mirzaei H. Doxorubicin-loaded zymosan nanoparticles: Synergistic cytotoxicity and modulation of apoptosis and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in C26 colorectal cancer cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:128949. [PMID: 38143055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Zymosan is a β-glucan isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae that could be employed for drug delivery. We synthesized zymosan nanoparticles and measured their structural and morphological properties using XRD, UV-Vis spectroscopy, TEM and AFM. The loading of doxorubicin (DOX) onto the nanoparticles was confirmed by FT-IR, and the DOX release was shown to be pH-dependent. The effect of these agents on C26 cell viability was evaluated by MTT tests and the expression of genes connected with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and apoptosis were analyzed by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. Treatments were able to suppress the proliferation of C26 cells, and the zymosan nanocarriers loaded with DOX enhanced the anti-proliferative effect of DOX in a synergistic manner. Zymosan nanoparticles were able to suppress the expression of cyclin D1, VEGF, ZEB1, and Twist mRNAs. Treatment groups upregulated the expression of caspase-8, while reducing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, thus promoting apoptosis. In conclusion, zymosan nanoparticles as DOX nanocarriers could provide a more targeted drug delivery through pH-responsiveness, and showed synergistic cytotoxicity by modifying Wnt/β-catenin signaling and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rajabi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Majid Nejati
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mina Homayoonfal
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Abbas Arj
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zahra Sadat Razavi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amirreza Ostadian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Merat Karimi
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Neda Rahimian
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Ali Arash Anoushirvani
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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3
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Noorbakhsh Varnosfaderani SM, Ebrahimzadeh F, Akbari Oryani M, Khalili S, Almasi F, Mosaddeghi Heris R, Payandeh Z, Li C, Nabi Afjadi M, Alagheband Bahrami A. Potential promising anticancer applications of β-glucans: a review. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20231686. [PMID: 38088444 PMCID: PMC10776902 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20231686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
β-Glucans are valuable functional polysaccharides distributed in nature, especially in the cell walls of fungi, yeasts, bacteria, and cereals. The unique features of β-glucans, such as water solubility, viscosity, molecular weight, and so on, have rendered them to be broadly applied in various food systems as well as in medicine to improve human health. Moreover, inhibition of cancer development could be achieved by an increase in immune system activity via β-glucans. β-glucans, which are part of a class of naturally occurring substances known as biological response modifiers (BRMs), have also shown evidence of being anti-tumorogenic, anti-cytotoxic, and anti-mutagenic. These properties make them attractive candidates for use as pharmaceutical health promoters. Along these lines, they could activate particular proteins or receptors, like lactosylceramide (LacCer), Dickin-1, complement receptor 3 (CR3), scavenge receptors (SR), and the toll-like receptor (TLR). This would cause the release of cytokines, which would then activate other antitumor immune cells, like macrophages stimulating neutrophils and monocytes. These cells are biased toward pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis and phagocytosis enhancing the elicited immunological responses. So, to consider the importance of β-glucans, the present review introduces the structure characteristics, biological activity, and antitumor functions of fungal β-glucans, as well as their application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farnoosh Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahsa Akbari Oryani
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeed Khalili
- Department of Biology Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Almasi
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Lab, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Payandeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mohsen Nabi Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armina Alagheband Bahrami
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
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4
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Xu Y, Xu J, Fan Z, Zhang S, Wu Y, Han R, Yu N, Tong X. Effective separation of protein from Polygonatum cyrtonema crude polysaccharide utilizing ionic liquid tetrabutylammonium bromide. Front Chem 2024; 11:1287571. [PMID: 38260046 PMCID: PMC10800795 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1287571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Extraction of plant polysaccharides often results in a large amount of proteins, which is hard to eliminate from the crude extract, and conventional approaches for deproteinization are time-consuming and often involve hazardous organic solvents. In this study, ionic liquid tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBABr) was used to create an ionic liquid aqueous two-phase system (ILATPS) for the separation of the polysaccharide (PcP) and protein extracted from the rhizome of Polygonatum cyrtonema. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was first applied to assess the feasibility of the ILATPS, and MgSO4 was determined to be the most suitable inorganic salt. By adopting the Taguchi experiment with an L9 (3^4) orthogonal array, it was found that the best condition for the efficient separation of crude PcP was at 25°C, with 1.5 g of TBABr, 15 mg of PcP, and 2.0 g of MgSO4, with the extraction efficiency for the protein and polysaccharide as 98.6% and 93.5%, respectively. The purified PcP was homogeneous, and its weight average molecular weight (Mw) was 7,554 Da. Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated the PcP comprised mannose, galactose, glucose, galacturonic acid, arabinose, and rhamnose at a molar ratio of 33:13:8:3.5:2:1. This approach offers a practical tactic to purify polysaccharides of plant origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Zheng Fan
- Medical Department, Taihe Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Taihe, China
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanjie Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Rongchun Han
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Joint Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine of Anhui of IHM, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Nianjun Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaohui Tong
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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Kopiasz Ł, Dziendzikowska K, Oczkowski M, Harasym J, Gromadzka-Ostrowska J. Low-molar-mass oat beta-glucan impacts autophagy and apoptosis in early stages of induced colorectal carcinogenesis in rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127832. [PMID: 37924897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Oat beta-glucan is one of the soluble dietary fibre fractions with a wide spectrum of biological activities such as anti-inflammatory and anti-tumour properties. In the present study, the effect of low-molar-mass oat beta-glucan isolate (OβGl) on the level of autophagy and apoptosis in the colorectum of rats with induced early stages of colorectal cancer was investigated. Forty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two main groups: control and azoxymethane-induced early-stage colorectal carcinogenesis (CRC). Both groups were divided into three dietary subgroups fed standard feed without OβGl (OβGl-), with 1 % of OβGl (OβGl+1 %) or with 3 % of OβGl (OβGl+3 %). The expression of autophagy (LC3B, beclin-1) and apoptosis (caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, BAX, BCL-2 and PARP-1) markers was determined by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and PCR analysis. The obtained results showed that the expression of LC3B, caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 in the CRC mucosa, and LC3B-II expression in the CRC wall were higher in the OβGl+3 % compared to the OβGl- rats. A higher BAX/BCL-2 ratio was also observed in the CRC OβGl+1 % rats compared to the other CRC animals. In summary, OβGl+3 % has a modulatory effect, stimulating autophagy and the extrinsic apoptosis pathway, while OβGl+1 % has a stimulatory effect on the intrinsic apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Kopiasz
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Dziendzikowska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Michał Oczkowski
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Harasym
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Analysis, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, 53-345 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Gromadzka-Ostrowska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
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Sousa P, Tavares-Valente D, Amorim M, Azevedo-Silva J, Pintado M, Fernandes J. β-Glucan extracts as high-value multifunctional ingredients for skin health: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 322:121329. [PMID: 37839841 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
β-Glucans, which are naturally present in cereals, yeast, and mushrooms, have gained attention as a potential natural source for functional foods and pharmaceuticals. Due to the availability of β-glucans from several sources, different extraction methods can be employed to obtain high purity extracts that can be further modified to enhance their solubility or other biological properties. Apart from their known ability to interact with the immune system, β-glucans possess specific properties that could benefit overall skin health and prevent age-related signs, including soothing and antioxidant activities. As a result, the use of β-glucans to mitigate damage caused by environmental stressors or skin-related issues that accelerate skin aging or trigger chronic inflammation may represent a promising, natural, eco-friendly, and cost-effective approach to maintaining skin homeostasis balance. This review outlines β-glucan extraction methodologies, molecular structure, functionalization approaches, and explores skin-related benefits of β-glucans, along with an overview of related products in the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Sousa
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Tavares-Valente
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; Amyris Bio Products Portugal, Unipessoal Lda, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Amorim
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Azevedo-Silva
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Fernandes
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; Amyris Bio Products Portugal, Unipessoal Lda, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
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7
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de Carvalho RH, Callegari MA, Dias CP, Kirwan S, da Costa MCR, da Silva CA. Euglena gracilis β-Glucans (1,3): Enriching Colostrum of Sow for Enhanced Piglet Immunity. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3490. [PMID: 38003108 PMCID: PMC10668842 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of supplementing the diet of sows with βG-(1,3) derived from Euglena gracilis algae were assessed regarding quality and amount of colostrum as well as performance of piglets. A total of 120 sows (first (nulliparous) to sixth parity (multiparous)) from D85 of gestation until weaning were divided into two groups: the control diet group (n = 60) and the βG-(1,3) diet group (n = 60). Sows receiving βG-(1,3) exhibited an average increase of 870 g (24.9%) in colostrum production, leading to a 25.17% higher intake of colostrum by piglets. Furthermore, piglets in the βG-(1,3) group showed significantly superior weight gain of 34 g (50%) compared to the control group 18 h after birth (p < 0.05). Sows fed with βG-(1,3) produced colostrum with significantly higher concentrations of IgG (5.914 mg/mL, 16.16%) and IgM (0.378 mg/mL, 16.29%) than the control group (p < 0.05). Similarly, serum concentrations of IgG (13.86 mg/mL, 51.25%), IgA (17.16 mg/mL, 120.19%), and IgM (13.23 mg/mL, 144.78%) were significantly higher in sows fed with βG-(1,3) than in the control group (p < 0.05). Supplementing sows with βG-(1,3) derived from the Euglena gracilis algae resulted in increased colostrum production and consumption, along with greater weight gain in piglets during the first 18 h after birth. Additionally, both the colostrum produced by the sows and the blood serum of the piglets exhibited higher concentrations of immunoglobulins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Humberto de Carvalho
- Department of Zootechnology, Center of Agrarian Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057970, PR, Brazil;
- Akei Animal Research, Fartura 18870970, SP, Brazil; (M.A.C.); (C.P.D.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Caio Abércio da Silva
- Department of Zootechnology, Center of Agrarian Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057970, PR, Brazil;
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Zhang J, Zheng M, Zhou L, Li X, Yu Y, Wang J, Sun B. Oat β-glucan alleviates muscle atrophy via promoting myotube formation and suppressing protein degradation. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:6252-6262. [PMID: 37160715 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dangerous inducers of muscle atrophy are inflammatory reaction, oxidative stress, and cachexia, etc. β-Glucan, an important food derived active ingredient, has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory effects, however, its effects on regulating myoblast differentiation and protein degradation are unclear. This study is aimed to investigate the mechanism of oat β-glucan on alleviating muscle atrophy. RESULTS The results showed that oat β-glucan treatment reversed tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) induced abnormal myoblast differentiation and reduced muscle atrophy related MuRF-1 and Atrogin-1 protein expression. The similar phenomenon was observed after using MCC950 (NLRP3 specific inhibitor) or AS1842856 (FoxO1 specific inhibitor) to suppress NLRP3 and FoxO1 expression, respectively. Exposure to β-glucan or AS1842856 also inhibited TNF-α induced the activation of TLR4/NF-κB pathway by inactivating FoxO1, and subsequently suppressed the expression of NLRP3. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that oat β-glucan exerts essential roles in promoting myoblast differentiation and alleviating muscle atrophy via inactivating FoxO1 and NLRP3 inflammasome signal pathway. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Zhang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjun Zheng
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Linyue Zhou
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinping Li
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghui Yu
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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9
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Singh RP, Bhardwaj A. β-glucans: a potential source for maintaining gut microbiota and the immune system. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1143682. [PMID: 37215217 PMCID: PMC10198134 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1143682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract holds a complex and dynamic population of microbial communities, which exerts a marked influence on the host physiology during homeostasis and disease conditions. Diet is considered one of the main factors in structuring the gut microbiota across a lifespan. Intestinal microbial communities play a vital role in sustaining immune and metabolic homeostasis as well as protecting against pathogens. The negatively altered gut bacterial composition has related to many inflammatory diseases and infections. β-glucans are a heterogeneous assemblage of glucose polymers with a typical structure comprising a leading chain of β-(1,4) and/or β-(1,3)-glucopyranosyl units with various branches and lengths as a side chain. β-glucans bind to specific receptors on immune cells and initiate immune responses. However, β-glucans from different sources differ in their structures, conformation, physical properties, and binding affinity to receptors. How these properties modulate biological functions in terms of molecular mechanisms is not known in many examples. This review provides a critical understanding of the structures of β-glucans and their functions for modulating the gut microbiota and immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Pal Singh
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Gujarat Biotechnology University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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10
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Sushytskyi L, Synytsya A, Čopíková J, Lukáč P, Rajsiglová L, Tenti P, Vannucci LE. Perspectives in the Application of High, Medium, and Low Molecular Weight Oat β-d-Glucans in Dietary Nutrition and Food Technology-A Short Overview. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061121. [PMID: 36981048 PMCID: PMC10048208 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
For centuries human civilization has cultivated oats, and now they are consumed in various forms of food, from instant breakfasts to beverages. They are a nutrient-rich food containing linear mixed-linkage (1 → 3) (1 → 4)-β-d-glucans, which are relatively well soluble in water and responsible for various biological effects: the regulation of the blood cholesterol level, as well as being anti-inflammatory, prebiotic, antioxidant, and tumor-preventing. Numerous studies, especially in the last two decades, highlight the differences in the biological properties of the oat β-d-glucan fractions of low, medium, and high molecular weight. These fractions differ in their features due to variations in bioavailability related to the rheological properties of these polysaccharides, and their association with food matrices, purity, and mode of preparation or modification. There is strong evidence that, under different conditions, the molecular weight may determine the potency of oat-extracted β-d-glucans. In this review, we intend to give a concise overview of the properties and studies of the biological activities of oat β-d-glucan preparations depending on their molecular weight and how they represent a prospective ingredient of functional food with the potential to prevent or modulate various pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Sushytskyi
- Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andriy Synytsya
- Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Čopíková
- Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavol Lukáč
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Rajsiglová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Paolo Tenti
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Luca E Vannucci
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
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11
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Li J, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Cui L, Lu H, Zhu Y, Zhao Y, Fan S, Xiao X. Barley β-glucan inhibits digestion of soybean oil in vitro and lipid-lowering effects of digested products in cell co-culture model. Food Res Int 2023; 164:112378. [PMID: 36737963 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The effect of barley β-glucan on soybean oil digestion characteristics before and after fermentation was studied in an in vitro-simulated gastrointestinal digestion model. The addition of barley β-glucan made the system more unstable, the particle size increased significantly, and confocal laser imaging showed that it was easier to form agglomerates. The addition of barley β-glucan increased the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in digestion products, and reduced digestibility of soybean oil. In a co-culture model of Caco-2/HT29 and HepG2 cells, the effects of digestive products of soybean oil and barley β-glucan before and after fermentation on lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells were investigated. The results showed that adding only soybean oil digestion products significantly increased triglycerides (TG) content and lipid accumulation in basolateral HepG2 cells. When fermented barley β-glucan was added, lipid deposition was significantly decreased, and the lipid-lowering activity was better than that of unfermented barley β-glucan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yurong Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jiayan Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ling Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Haina Lu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yansheng Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Songtao Fan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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12
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Insight into the structural and immunomodulatory relationships of polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale-an in vivo study. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.108560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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13
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Rizzi J, Moro TR, Winnischofer SMB, Colusse GA, Tamiello CS, Trombetta-Lima M, Noleto GR, Dolga AM, Duarte MER, Noseda MD. Chemical structure and biological activity of the (1 → 3)-linked β-D-glucan isolated from marine diatom Conticribra weissflogii. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:584-593. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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14
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Quiñones-Muñoz TA, Villanueva-Rodríguez SJ, Torruco-Uco JG. Nutraceutical Properties of Medicago sativa L., Agave Spp., Zea mays L. and Avena sativa L.: A Review of Metabolites and Mechanisms. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090806. [PMID: 36144213 PMCID: PMC9503698 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are the main sources of bioactive compounds (nutraceuticals) that function under different mechanisms of action for the benefit of human health. Mexico ranks fifth in the world in biodiversity, offering opportunities for healthy food. An important variety of crops are produced in the state of Hidalgo, e.g., based on the 2021 production, alfalfa, oats, maguey, and corn. The present review presents the latest findings of these crops, regarding the benefits they provide to health (bioactivity, nutraceuticals), and presents the compounds and mechanisms identified by which the benefit is provided. The knowledge compiled here is for the benefit of the recovery of the crops, the recognition of their bioactivities, in search of identifying the best routes of action for prevention, treatment and possible cure of chronic degenerative diseases (thereby promoting crop valorization). Exhaustive bibliographic research was carried out by means of engines and scientific databases. Articles published between 2001 and 2022 that included specific keywords (Scopus, EMBASE, EBSCO, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Google Scholar). Outstanding activities have been identified for the compounds in the crops, such as antiinflammatory, anticholesterolemic, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and chelating. The compounds that provide these properties are total phenols, phenolic acids, tannins, anthocyanins, carotenoids, iso-flavones, phytosterols, saponins, fructans, glycosides, glucans, avenanthramides, and polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tannia A. Quiñones-Muñoz
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT)—Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Av. Normalistas 800, Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara C.P. 44270, Mexico
- Correspondence:
| | - Socorro J. Villanueva-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Av. Normalistas 800, Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara C.P. 44270, Mexico
| | - Juan G. Torruco-Uco
- Tecnológico Nacional de Mexico/Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtepec, Calzada Dr. Víctor Bravo Ahuja, 561, Col. Predio el Paraíso, San Juan Bautista Tuxtepec C.P. 68350, Mexico
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15
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Poonia A, Phogat DS, Versha, Nagar S, Sharma P, Kumar V. Biochemical assessment of oat genotypes revealed variability in grain quality with nutrition and crop improvement implications. Food Chem 2022; 377:131982. [PMID: 34999462 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Oat is a potent source of nutrients and bioactive compounds offering potential health benefits and role in combating micronutrient malnutrition problems. To exploit nutritional and quality traits of oats, a biochemical assessment of 112 oat genotypes was conducted. The high range of variability for total phenol (1.7-31.3 mg/g), β-glucan (1.0-8.0 mg/g), calcium (1.91-4.34 mg/g), zinc (3.80-6.50 mg/100 g), iron (0.66-4.89 mg/100 g) and manganese (2.88-8.0 mg/100 g) was revealed among genotypes. A higher amount of iron and zinc was found in genotypes OS-6, HFO-638, HFO-915 & HFO-918, whereas, elevated levels of manganese and zinc were recorded in genotypes OS-403 & OL-1804. The results revealed groups of low phytic acid oat genotypes containing high crude protein (HFO-52, HFO-270, HFO-330), β-glucan (HFO-62, HFO-588, HFO-926). A significant positive correlation was obtained between copper with iron, manganese, and calcium content. These findings could be useful for developing value-added oat food products and novel oat varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atman Poonia
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - D S Phogat
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India.
| | - Versha
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Sushil Nagar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Paras Sharma
- Division of Food Chemistry and Nutrient Analysis, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India.
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16
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Adamska I, Tokarczyk G. Possibilities of Using Macrolepiota procera in the Production of Prohealth Food and in Medicine. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2022; 2022:5773275. [PMID: 35655802 PMCID: PMC9153936 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5773275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Parasol mushroom (Macrolepiota procera) is a fungus that is often included in the menu of people looking for replacements for meat products and at the same time appreciating mushrooms. Its fruiting bodies are known for their delicate flavor and aroma. The aim of the publication was to analyze the latest information (mainly from 2015 to 2021) on the chemical composition of the M. procera fruiting bodies and their antioxidant properties. The data on other health-promoting properties and the possibilities of using these mushrooms in medicine were also compiled and summarized, taking into account their antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, regulatory, antidepressant, and anticancer effects. Moreover, the influence of various forms of processing and conservation of raw mushroom on its health-promoting properties was discussed. The possibilities of controlling the quality of both the raw material and the prepared dishes were also discussed. Such an opportunity is offered by the possibility of modifying the growing conditions, in particular, the appropriate selection of the substrate for mushroom cultivation and the deliberate enrichment of its composition with the selected substances, which will then be incorporated into the fungus organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Adamska
- Department of Fish, Plant and Gastronomy Technology, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Tokarczyk
- Department of Fish, Plant and Gastronomy Technology, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
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17
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Li YC, Luo Y, Meng FB, Li J, Chen WJ, Liu DY, Zou LH, Zhou L. Preparation and characterization of feruloylated oat β-glucan with antioxidant activity and colon-targeted delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 279:119002. [PMID: 34980350 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.119002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ferulic acid (FA) is an effective chemopreventive and therapeutic agent for colorectal cancer. However, FA cannot stably reach the colon through human digestive system, and it can be grafted into oligosaccharides to improve its digestion stability. Therefore, in this study, different degrees of substitution of feruloylated oat β-glucan (FA-OβG) were prepared by grafting FA onto water soluble oat β-glucan. FA grafting changed the crystallinity and surface morphology of OβG, and the thermal stability of the FA-OβG improved. As the DS increased, the antioxidant activity of FA-OβG increased, and FA-OβG III with DS of 0.184 showed the same antioxidant activities compared to the equal amount of free FA. The FA-OβG showed higher stability under gastrointestinal and colonic conditions than free FA. Furthermore, the FA-OβG conjugates exhibited good in vitro anticancer activity against human colorectal cancer cells, while FA-OβG III showed better anticancer activity than an equal amount of free FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Cheng Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yan Luo
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; Sichuan Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Fan-Bing Meng
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
| | - Jian Li
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Wei-Jun Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Da-Yu Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Long-Hua Zou
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Li Zhou
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
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18
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Arzami AN, Ho TM, Mikkonen KS. Valorization of cereal by-product hemicelluloses: Fractionation and purity considerations. Food Res Int 2022; 151:110818. [PMID: 34980370 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The biomass from cereal side streams is rich in valuable components, such as hemicelluloses. Among the hemicelluloses, arabinoxylans and β-glucans are the most acknowledged for potential health benefits. Numerous publications discuss the potential to use purified forms of these hemicelluloses for various applications. However, as the purification of hemicelluloses may not be economically feasible to upscale, sustainable and cost-effective methods are needed to make their valorization more realistic for industrial applications. Co-components present in hemicellulose-rich fractions may also provide added functionality, such as flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity. This review provides an overview on the feasibility of sustainably upscaling hemicellulose extraction processes, focusing on by-products from different cereal streams. We describe the hemicelluloses' physicochemical properties and provide various possible applications of pure and impure fractions from small scale to pilot and industrial scale. Furthermore, real case examples on the industrial utilization of cereal side streams are enclosed. This review provides pathways for future research for developing the hemicellulose extraction methods to obtain fractions with optimized purity, and offers suggestions to valorize them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis N Arzami
- Department of Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 66, 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Thao M Ho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 66, 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), P.O. Box 65, 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi S Mikkonen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 66, 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), P.O. Box 65, 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
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19
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Chen R, Xu J, Wu W, Wen Y, Lu S, El-Seedi HR, Zhao C. Structure–immunomodulatory activity relationships of dietary polysaccharides. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:1330-1341. [PMID: 36082139 PMCID: PMC9445227 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are usually composed of more than ten monosaccharide units, which are connected by linear or branched glycosidic bonds. The immunomodulatory effect of natural polysaccharides is one of the most important bioactive function. In this review, molecular weight, monosaccharide (including galactose, mannose, rhamnogalacturonan-I arabinogalactan and uronic acid), functional groups (namely sulfate, selenium, and acetyl groups), types of glycoside bond connection (including β-1,3-D-glucosyl, α-1,4-D-glucosyl, β-1,4-D-glucosyl, α-1,6-D-glucosyl, β-1,4-D-mannosyl, and β-1,4-D-Xylopyranosyl), conformation and the branching degrees are systematically identified as their contribution to the immunostimulatory activity of polysaccharides. At present, studies on the structure-activity relationships of polysaccharides are limited due to their low purity and high heterogeneity. However, it is an important step in providing useful guidance for dietary supplements with polysaccharides. The chemical structures and the process of immune responses induced are necessary to be discussed. Polysaccharides may bind with the cell surface receptors to modulate immune responses. This review mainly discusses the structure-activity relationship of dietary polysaccharides. Structure - activity relationships of polysaccharides with immune-enhancing effect are proposed. Polysaccharides with the higher molecular weight are helpful to improve immunity. Higer galactose, mannose, rhamnogalacturonan-I, arabinogalacta,n and uronic acid contents have immunoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxin Chen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jingxiang Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Weihao Wu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yuxi Wen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Suyue Lu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hesham R. El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Box 574, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu Education Department, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Corresponding author.No.15 Shangxiadian Rd, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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20
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Assef ANB, da Costa BB, Moreira TA, do Carmo LD, de Souza TDFG, Alencar NMN, Alves APNN, Cinelli LP, Wilke DV. Antitumor and immunostimulating sulfated polysaccharides from brown algae Dictyota caribaea. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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21
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Paudel D, Dhungana B, Caffe M, Krishnan P. A Review of Health-Beneficial Properties of Oats. Foods 2021; 10:2591. [PMID: 34828872 PMCID: PMC8625765 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oat is among the food crops and ancient grains cultivated and consumed worldwide. It is gaining in popularity owing to its nutritional composition and multifunctional benefits of select bioactive compounds. Beta-glucan is an important component of dietary fiber found in oat grains. It is the major active compound in oats with proven cholesterol-lowering and antidiabetic effects. Oats also provide substantial levels of other bioactive compounds such as phenolic acids, tocols, sterols, avenacosides, and avenanthramides. The consumption of oats has been determined to be beneficial for human health by promoting immunomodulation and improving gut microbiota. In addition, oat consumption assists in preventing diseases such as atherosclerosis, dermatitis, and some forms of cancer. While much has been published in relation to oat nutrients and oat fibers and their impact on major diseases, the oat industries and consumers may benefit from greater knowledge and understanding of clinical effects, range of occurrence, distribution, therapeutic doses and food functional attributes of other oat bioactives such as avenanthramides and saponins as well as other anti-inflammatory agents found in the cereal. This review focuses on the various studies relevant to the contribution of the consumption of oats and oat-based products in preventing human diseases and promoting human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Paudel
- Dairy and Food Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA;
| | - Bandana Dhungana
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; (B.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Melanie Caffe
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; (B.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Padmanaban Krishnan
- Dairy and Food Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA;
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22
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Shah MA, Rasul A, Yousaf R, Haris M, Faheem HI, Hamid A, Khan H, Khan AH, Aschnar M, Batiha GES. Combination of natural antivirals and potent immune invigorators: A natural remedy to combat COVID-19. Phytother Res 2021; 35:6530-6551. [PMID: 34396612 PMCID: PMC8441799 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The flare‐up in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) that emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and spread expeditiously worldwide has become a health challenge globally. The rapid transmission, absence of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 drugs, and inexistence of vaccine are further exacerbating the situation. Several drugs, including chloroquine, remdesivir, and favipiravir, are presently undergoing clinical investigation to further scrutinize their effectiveness and validity in the management of COVID‐19. Natural products (NPs) in general, and plants constituents specifically, are unique sources for various effective and novel drugs. Immunostimulants, including vitamins, iron, zinc, chrysin, caffeic acid, and gallic acid, act as potent weapons against COVID‐19 by reinvigorating the defensive mechanisms of the immune system. Immunity boosters prevent COVID‐19 by stimulating the proliferation of T‐cells, B‐cells, and neutrophils, neutralizing the free radicals, inhibiting the immunosuppressive agents, and promoting cytokine production. Presently, antiviral therapy includes several lead compounds, such as baicalin, glycyrrhizin, theaflavin, and herbacetin, all of which seem to act against SARS‐CoV‐2 via particular targets, such as blocking virus entry, attachment to host cell receptor, inhibiting viral replication, and assembly and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ajmal Shah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rimsha Yousaf
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Haris
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hafiza Ishmal Faheem
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Hamid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Haleem Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Michael Aschnar
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Al-Beheira, Egypt
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23
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Eom SJ, Lim TG, Jhun H, Lee NH, Kang MC, Song KM. Inhibitory effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae extract obtained through ultrasound-assisted extraction on melanoma cells. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 76:105620. [PMID: 34119906 PMCID: PMC8207304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although the immune enhancing effect of yeast has been widely reported, studies specifically investigating its effects on skin cancer are lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a yeast extract capable of inhibiting melanoma cells using ultrasound technology, which can lyse the cell walls allowing subsequent rapid yeast extraction. To compare the extraction efficiency across different extraction methods, the total yield, as well as total glucan, α-glucan, and β-glucan yields were measured. Ultrasound-assisted extract of yeast (UAEY) was found to effectively inhibit melanoma cell growth and proliferation as well as the expression of cyclin D1 and c-myc, in vitro. Additionally, the extract reduced melanoma tumor volume and cyclin D1 levels in BALB/c nu/nu mice. The optimal extraction conditions were 0.2 M NaOH, 3 h, 70 °C, 20 kHz, and 800 W, resulting in an increased total extraction and β-glucan yields of 73.6% and 7.1%, respectively, compared with that achieved using a conventional chemical (0.5 M NaOH) extraction method. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that UAEY may represent an effective anti-skin cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Eom
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, 245 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Gyu Lim
- Food Science and Technology, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjhung Jhun
- Technical Assistance Center, Korea Food Research Institute, 245 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Hyouck Lee
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, 245 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Cheol Kang
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, 245 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Mo Song
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, 245 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.
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β-Glucan: A dual regulator of apoptosis and cell proliferation. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:1229-1237. [PMID: 33991557 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
β-Glucans are polysaccharides generally obtained from the cell wall of bacteria, fungi, yeasts, and aleurone layer of cereals. β-Glucans are polymers, with β-1,3 glucose as core linear structure, but they differ in their main branch length, linkages and branching patterns, giving rise to high and low-molecular-weight β-glucans. They are well-known cell response modifiers with immune-modulating, nutraceutical and health beneficial effects, including anticancer and pro-apoptotic properties. β-Glucan extracts have shown positive responses in controlling tumor cell proliferation and activation of the immune system. The immunomodulatory action of β-glucans enhances the host's antitumor defense against cancer. In consonance with the above, many studies have shown that β-glucan treatment leads to the induction of apoptotic death of cancer cells. The ability of β-glucans to stimulate apoptotic pathways or the proteins involved in apoptosis prompting a new domain in cancer therapy. β-glucan can be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of cancer. However, there is a need to legitimize the β-glucan type, as most of the studies include β-glucan from different sources having different physicochemical properties. The body of literature presented here focuses on the effects of β-glucan on immunomodulation, proliferation, cell death and the possible mechanisms and pathways involved in these processes.
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Żyła E, Dziendzikowska K, Kamola D, Wilczak J, Sapierzyński R, Harasym J, Gromadzka-Ostrowska J. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Oat Beta-Glucans in a Crohn's Disease Model: Time- and Molar Mass-Dependent Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4485. [PMID: 33923129 PMCID: PMC8123447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of Crohn's disease (CD) is increasing worldwide, and it has currently become a serious public health issue in society. The treatment of CD continues throughout a patient's lifetime, and therefore, it is necessary to develop new, effective treatment methods, including dietotherapy. The present study aimed to determine the effects of consumption of oat beta-glucans with different molar mass on colon inflammation (colitis) in the early stages of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced CD in an animal model. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats (control and TNBS-induced CD) were divided into three dietary groups and fed for 3 days (reflecting acute inflammation) or 7 days (reflecting remission) with a feed containing 1% low (βGl) or high (βGh) molar mass oat beta-glucan or a feed without this polysaccharide. The level of colon inflammatory markers and the expression of cytokines and their receptor genes were measured by ELISA and RT-PCR methods, respectively. RESULTS Acute inflammation or remission (3 or 7 days after TNBS administration, respectively) stages of experimentally induced CD were characterized by an increase in the level of inflammatory markers (IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α, CRP, MPO, COX, and PGE2) and the disruption of some cytokine signaling pathways as well as macro- and microscopic changes of colon tissue. The consumption of oat beta-glucans reduced the level of inflammatory markers and recovered the signaling pathways and histological changes, with stronger effects of βGl after 7 days of colitis. CONCLUSIONS Dietary oat beta-glucans can reduce colitis at the molecular and organ level and accelerate CD remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Żyła
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (E.Ż.); (J.G.-O.)
| | - Katarzyna Dziendzikowska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (E.Ż.); (J.G.-O.)
| | - Dariusz Kamola
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (D.K.); (J.W.)
| | - Jacek Wilczak
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (D.K.); (J.W.)
| | - Rafał Sapierzyński
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Joanna Harasym
- Adaptive Food Systems Accelerator—Research Centre, Wrocław University of Economics, Komandorska 118/120, 53-345 Wrocław, Poland;
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Analysis, Wrocław University of Economics, Komandorska 118/120, 53-345 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Gromadzka-Ostrowska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (E.Ż.); (J.G.-O.)
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Fernandez-Julia PJ, Munoz-Munoz J, van Sinderen D. A comprehensive review on the impact of β-glucan metabolism by Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium species as members of the gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 181:877-889. [PMID: 33864864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
β-glucans are polysaccharides which can be obtained from different sources, and which have been described as potential prebiotics. The beneficial effects associated with β-glucan intake are that they reduce energy intake, lower cholesterol levels and support the immune system. Nevertheless, the mechanism(s) of action underpinning these health effects related to β-glucans are still unclear, and the precise impact of β-glucans on the gut microbiota has been subject to debate and revision. In this review, we summarize the most recent advances involving structurally different types of β-glucans as fermentable substrates for Bacteroidetes (mainly Bacteroides) and Bifidobacterium species as glycan degraders. Bacteroides is one of the most abundant bacterial components of the human gut microbiota, while bifidobacteria are widely employed as a probiotic ingredient. Both are generalist glycan degraders capable of using a wide range of substrates: Bacteroides spp. are specialized as primary degraders in the metabolism of complex carbohydrates, whereas Bifidobacterium spp. more commonly metabolize smaller glycans, in particular oligosaccharides, sometimes through syntrophic interactions with Bacteroides spp., in which they act as secondary degraders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J Fernandez-Julia
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England, United Kingdom
| | - Jose Munoz-Munoz
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England, United Kingdom.
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- School of Microbiology & APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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Zhang Y, Chen C, Wang N, Chen Y, Yu J, Zheng X, Li S, Chen Y. Developing a new modification technology of oat flour based on differential pressure explosion puffing. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.110967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Antitumor effect of soluble β-glucan as an immune stimulant. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 179:116-124. [PMID: 33667560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
β-glucans are linear polysaccharides of d-glucose monomers linked through β-glycosidic bonds and are widely present in nature. Different sources lead to their structural differences. β-glucan has long been acknowledged to be a safe and functional component. Its biological activities include lipid-lowering, hypoglycemic, antitumor and immune regulation etc. A large number of studies have shown that soluble β-glucan can bind to their receptors on the surface of immune cells, activates the pro-inflammatory response of innate immune cells, and enhances the host's antitumor defense. A variety of soluble β-glucans have been widely used in clinical antitumor studies as an immunostimulant to treat the cancer patient. In this paper, we reviewed the molecular structure, antitumor immune activities, structure-activity relationship and clinical trials of soluble β-glucans in order to provide the overall scene of β-glucans as immunostimulant to fight the cancer.
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29
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Pakbin B, Pishkhan Dibazar S, Allahyari S, Javadi M, Farasat A, Darzi S. Probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii supernatant inhibits survivin gene expression and induces apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:692-700. [PMID: 33598154 PMCID: PMC7866606 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural anticancer drug and compounds with other great benefits are of interest recently due to lower side effects than chemotherapy for cancer treatment and prevention. Different natural and synthetic drugs have been suggested to be used for treatment of gastric cancers, the second deadly cancer worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate anticancer activity of SBS including inducing apoptosis and inhibition of survivin gene expression in gastric cancer cells. We evaluated cell viability, inducing apoptosis and change in survivin gene expression of EPG85-257P (EPG) and EPG85-257RDB (resistant to Daunorubicin, RDB) cell lines under exposure of SBS after 24, 48, and 72 hr. We found that SBS decreased cell viability, induced apoptosis, and reduced survivin gene expression in treated EPG and RDB cells (with the significant IC50 values of 387 and 575 µg/ml after 72 and 48 hr for EPG and RDB cells respectively). However, we observed SBS was more efficient to induce apoptosis in EPG than RDB cells. We strongly suggest SBS be considered as a prospective anticancer agent or in formulation of complementary medication to treat and prevent gastric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Pakbin
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality of ControlFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | | | - Samaneh Allahyari
- Department of Food Hygiene and SafetySchool of HealthQazvin University of Medical sciencesQazvinIran
| | - Maryam Javadi
- Children Growth and Development Research CenterResearch Institute for prevention of Non‐ Communicable DiseaseQazvin University of Medical SciencesQazvinIran
- Cellular and Molecular Research CenterResearch Institute for prevention of Non‐Communicable DiseaseQazvin University of Medical SciencesQazvinIran
| | - Alireza Farasat
- Cellular and Molecular Research CenterResearch Institute for prevention of Non‐Communicable DiseaseQazvin University of Medical SciencesQazvinIran
- Department of Medical BiotechnologyQazvin University of Medical SciencesQazvinIran
| | - Sina Darzi
- Health Products Safety Research CenterQazvin University of Medical ScienceQazvinIran
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Expression of the Thermobifida fusca β-1,3-Glucanase in Yarrowia lipolytica and Its Application in Hydrolysis of β-1,3-Glucan from Four Kinds of Polyporaceae. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene encoding a thermostable β-1,3-glucanase was cloned from Thermobifida fusca and expressed constitutively by Yarrowia lipolytica using plasmid pYLSC1. The expression level of the recombinant β-1,3-glucanase reached up to 270 U/mL in the culture medium. After a treatment with endo-β-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase H, the recombinant protein appeared as a single protein band, with a molecular size of approximately 66 kDa on the SDS-polyacrylamide gel. The molecular weight was consistent with the size predicted from the nucleotide sequence. The optimum temperature and pH of the transformant β-1,3-glucanase were 60 °C and pH 8.0, respectively. This β-1,3-glucanase was tolerant to 10% methanol, ethanol, and DMSO, retaining 70% activity. The enzyme markedly hydrolyzed Wolfiporia cocos and Pycnoporus sanguineus glucans. The DPPH and ABTS scavenging potential, reducing power and total phenolic contents of these two Polyporaceae hydrolysates, were significantly increased after 18 h of the enzymatic reaction. The present results indicate that T. fusca β-1,3-glucanase from Y. lipolytica transformant (pYLSC1-13g) hydrolyzes W. cocos and P. sanguineus glucans and improves the antioxidant potential of the hydrolysates.
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31
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Schmidt M. Cereal beta-glucans: an underutilized health endorsing food ingredient. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:3281-3300. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1864619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Schmidt
- Department of Safety and Quality of Cereals, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI), Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Detmold, Germany
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32
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Yun L, Wu T, Mao Z, Li W, Zhang M, Sun X. A novel wheat germ polysaccharide: Structural characterization, potential antioxidant activities and mechanism. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:1978-1987. [PMID: 33098902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A wheat germ polysaccharide (WGP-1) was isolated from wheat germ through hot-water (pH = 7.3) extraction and further fractionated by anion-exchange column using DEAE-52 cellulose column and purified by gel-permeation chromatography using Sephacryl S-500 column. WGP-1 was mainly consisted with rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose and glucose, and linked with 1→, 1 → 2, 1 → 4, 1 → 3 and 1 → 6 glucosidic bands. The present study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant activities of WGP-1 in oleic acid (OA)-induced HepG2 cell model with its related mechanisms. Results showed that WGP-1 remarkably elevated the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and decreased the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in OA-treated cell. WGP-1 was found to promote the expression of PI3K, the phosphorylation of AKT and the translocation of Nrf2, further increased the expression of HO-1 in OA-induced cells. These results demonstrate again that WGP-1 can effectively improve OA-induced oxidative damage, probably by up-regulating of PI3K expression, Nrf2 translocation, and AKT phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, College of food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, College of food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Zhitao Mao
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, College of food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, College of food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300191, China.
| | - Xiaotao Sun
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
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33
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Metabolic flux and transcriptome analyses provide insights into the mechanism underlying zinc sulfate improved β-1,3-D-glucan production by Aureobasidium pullulans. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:140-148. [PMID: 32682036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The effects of zinc sulfate at various concentrations on β-1,3-D-glucan (β-glucan) and pullulan production were investigated in flasks, and 0.1 g/L zinc sulfate was found to be the optimum concentration favoring increased β-glucan production. When batch culture of Aureobasidium pullulans CCTCC M 2012259 with 0.1 g/L zinc sulfate was carried out, the maximum dry biomass decreased by 16.9% while β-glucan production significantly increased by 120.5%, compared to results obtained from the control without zinc sulfate addition. To reveal the mechanism underlying zinc sulfate improved β-glucan production, both metabolic flux analysis and RNA-seq analysis were performed. The results indicated that zinc sulfate decreased carbon flux towards biomass formation and ATP supply, down-regulated genes associated with membrane part and cellular components organization, leading to a decrease in dry cell weight. However, zinc sulfate increased metabolic flux towards β-glucan biosynthesis, up-regulated genes related to glycan biosynthesis and nucleotide metabolism, resulting in improved β-glucan production. This study provides insights into the changes in the metabolism of A. pullulans in response to zinc sulfate, and can serve as a valuable reference of genetic information for improving the production of polysaccharides through metabolic engineering.
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34
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Aguzzi C, Marinelli O, Zeppa L, Santoni G, Maggi F, Nabissi M. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory activities of Stimunex® and Stimunex D3® in human monocytes/macrophages stimulated with LPS or IL-4/IL-13. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110845. [PMID: 33080469 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages exert an important role in maintaining and/or ameliorating the inflammatory response. They are involved in the activation of an immune response to pathogens, with a balance between the immunomodulatory role and tissue integrity maintenance, however, excessive macrophage activity promotes tissue injury and chronic disease pathogenesis. There is a high interest in evaluating the anti-inflammatory properties of new botanical preparations. Stimunex® and Stimunex D3® are two food supplements formulated as syrups, containing the extract of elderflower (Sambucus nigra, Caprifoliaceae), standardized in polyphenol (6%) and anthocyanins (4%), associated with wellmune WGP® β-glucan, with the addiction of vitamin D3 (in Stimunex D3® formulation). The aim of the work was the evaluation of Stimunex® and Stimunex D3® activity in human polarized-macrophages, in order to support their use as supplement for preventing and reducing the inflammatory processes. In primary human stimulated macrophages, both syrups were able to revert LPS- and IL-4/IL-13-mediated response, reducing the release of several pro-inflammatory cytokines. Results support that these standardized botanical preparations fortified with β-glucan, may have a potential use in the prevention and coadjuvant management of inflammatory process as respiratory recurrent infections and other similar conditions. Moreover, the addition of vitamin D3 revealed to be an advantage in Stimunex D3® for its important role in maintaining and enhancing the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Aguzzi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | | | - Laura Zeppa
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Santoni
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Massimo Nabissi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy; Integrative Therapy Discovery Lab, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy.
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35
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Microbial exopolysaccharide-based nano-carriers with unique multi-functionalities for biomedical sectors. Biologia (Bratisl) 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-020-00588-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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36
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Gani A, Benjakul S, Ul Ashraf Z. Nutraceutical profiling of surimi gel containing β-glucan stabilized virgin coconut oil with and without antioxidants after simulated gastro-intestinal digestion. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2020; 57:3132-3141. [PMID: 32624614 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04347-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Surimi gels containing β-glucan stabilized virgin coconut oil (VCO) were subjected to simulated gastrointestinal digestion and the resulting digest was analyzed for nutraceutical properties. β-glucan stabilized VCO nanoemulsion (βG-V-N) remarkably improved antioxidant activities of the surimi digest. When epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) was added in nanoemulsion, the surimi digest showed the highest antioxidant activities. Antidiabetic activity of the digest was also improved by the addition of βG-V-N comprising EGCG. Nevertheless, the addition of βG-V-N lowered ACE inhibitory activity of surimi digest. The surimi digest from the gel added with βG-V-N possessed an inhibitory effect on five cancer cell lines including HEK (Human embryonic kidney 293 cells), MCF-7 (breast cancer cell line), U87 (human glioma), HeLa (human cervical cancer), and IMR-32 (human neuroblastoma), regardless of EGCG or α-tocopherol incorporated. This study demonstrated that surimi gel supplemented with βG-V-N in the presence of EGCG exhibited nutraceutical potential and could be used as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asir Gani
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112 Thailand
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112 Thailand
| | - Zanoor Ul Ashraf
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006 India
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37
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Recent findings on the role of fungal products in the treatment of cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 23:197-204. [PMID: 32557335 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In modern medicine, natural products have aided humans against their battles with cancer. Among these products, microorganisms, medicinal herbs and marine organisms are considered to be of great benefit. In recent decades, more than 30 fungal immunity proteins have been identified and proved to be extractable from a wide range of fungi, including mushrooms. Although chemotherapy is used to overcome cancer cells, the side effects of this method are of great concern in clinical practice. Fungal products and their derivatives constitute more than 50% of the clinical drugs currently being used globally. Approximately 60% of the clinically approved drugs for cancer treatment have natural roots. Anti-tumor immunotherapy is prospective with a rapidly growing market worldwide due to its high efficiency, immunity, and profit. Polysaccharide extracts from natural sources are being used in clinical and therapeutic trials on cancer patients. This review aims to present the latest findings in cancer treatment through isolated and extraction of fungal derivatives and other natural biomaterials.
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38
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Khan MUA, Al-Thebaiti MA, Hashmi MU, Aftab S, Abd Razak SI, Abu Hassan S, Abdul Kadir MR, Amin R. Synthesis of Silver-Coated Bioactive Nanocomposite Scaffolds Based on Grafted Beta-Glucan/Hydroxyapatite via Freeze-Drying Method: Anti-Microbial and Biocompatibility Evaluation for Bone Tissue Engineering. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E971. [PMID: 32098139 PMCID: PMC7078890 DOI: 10.3390/ma13040971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Advancement and development in bone tissue engineering, particularly that of composite scaffolds, are of great importance for bone tissue engineering. We have synthesized polymeric matrix using biopolymer (β-glucan), acrylic acid, and nano-hydroxyapatite through free radical polymerization method. Bioactive nanocomposite scaffolds (BNSs) were fabricated using the freeze-drying method and Ag was coated by the dip-coating method. The scaffolds have been characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) to investigate their functional groups, surface morphology, and phase analysis, respectively. The pore size and porosity of all BNS samples were found to be dependent on silver concentration. Mechanical testing of all BNS samples have substantial compressive strength in dry form that is closer to cancellous bone. The samples of BNS showed substantial antibacterial effect against DH5 alpha E. coli. The biological studies conducted using the MC3T3-E1 cell line via neutral red dye assay on the scaffolds have found to be biocompatible and non-cytotoxic. These bioactive scaffolds can bring numerous applications for bone tissue repairs and regenerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umar Aslam Khan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China;
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81300, Malaysia;
| | - Mesfer A. Al-Thebaiti
- Department of Biology, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafar Al-batin 39524, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammad Uzair Hashmi
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Saira Aftab
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan;
| | - Saiful Izwan Abd Razak
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China;
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Skudai, Skudai 81310, Malaysia;
| | - Shukur Abu Hassan
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Skudai, Skudai 81310, Malaysia;
| | - Mohammed Rafiq Abdul Kadir
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81300, Malaysia;
| | - Rashid Amin
- Department of Biology, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafar Al-batin 39524, Saudi Arabia;
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Akaras N, Abuc OO, Koc K, Bal T, Geyikoglu F, Atilay H, Erol HS, Yigit S, Gul M. (1 → 3)-β-d-glucan enhances the toxicity induced by Bortezomib in rat testis. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13155. [PMID: 31960484 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to determine the possible effects of the antioxidant agent (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan on bortezomib-induced rat testis damage. We used five groups of rats; control, (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan (75 mg/kg), bortezomib group, bortezomib + (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan groups (injection of (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan after bortezomib and sacrificed at 48th or 72nd h). The effects of these substances were assessed by measuring the levels of the antioxidant enzymes and LPO, and by performing immunohistochemical analysis with NF-κB. The histology of testis was evaluated using aniline blue staining. (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan leads to significant reductions in the levels of antioxidant enzymes and increased levels of LPO in testes. Moreover, it increased the NF-κB immunopositivity significantly in testis, especially in Bortezomib + (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan group at 48th h. The histological changes were observed in the bortezomib and/or (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan groups. Our results demonstrated that testis damage caused by the treatment with bortezomib was not eliminated by (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan and shockingly it increased the damage. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The testis damage caused by the treatment with bortezomib was not eliminated by (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan and as a result, β-1,3-(D)-glucan enhanced the toxicity by leading a decrease in the levels of GSH, SOD, and CAT, thus caused an elevation in the immunoreactivity of NF-κB and altered the histopathological changes by enhancing the toxic effects of bortezomib. The findings of the previous studies about the antioxidative activity of (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan are controversial. So, it is necessary to consider the cytotoxicity of (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan in testis tissue. Thus, more studies on testis tissue are necessary to confirm that (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan is safe as an antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurhan Akaras
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Ozgul Abuc
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Kubra Koc
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Tugba Bal
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatime Geyikoglu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hilal Atilay
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Serkan Erol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Serdar Yigit
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Murat Gul
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
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Xie M, Liu J, Tsao R, Wang Z, Sun B, Wang J. Whole Grain Consumption for the Prevention and Treatment of Breast Cancer. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1769. [PMID: 31374888 PMCID: PMC6723813 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common and malignant cancers among females worldwide. Several epidemiological studies have indicated the inverse correlation between the intake of whole grains and the incidence of breast cancer. Whole grains are the most fundamental and important food source of bioactive phytochemicals, which have well-defined roles in the management of each stage of breast carcinogenesis. To better understand the value of whole grains in future prevention and treatment of breast cancer, the effects and possible mechanisms of six different whole grain cereals, which are the most commonly consumed throughout the world, are introduced in the current review. Moreover, the bioactive compounds extracted from whole grains are adequately formulated and the underlying mechanism of action is illustrated. In addition, the present limitations and future perspective of whole grain consumption for breast cancer are also concluded. The objective of this review is to promote the development of nutraceutical and functional food from whole grains and its application for reducing the risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology; School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jie Liu
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Rong Tsao
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Ziyuan Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jing Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
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Henrion M, Francey C, Lê KA, Lamothe L. Cereal B-Glucans: The Impact of Processing and How It Affects Physiological Responses. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1729. [PMID: 31357461 PMCID: PMC6722849 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cereal β-glucans are dietary fibres primarily found in oats and barley, and have several positive effects on health, including lowering the postprandial glucose response and the improvement of blood cholesterol levels. Cereal β-glucans have a specific combination of β-(1→4) and β-(1→3) linkages into linear long-chain polysaccharides of high molecular weight. Due to their particular structure, cereal β-glucans generate viscosity within the intestinal tract, which is thought to be the main mechanism of action responsible for their positive health effects. However, cereal grains are rarely consumed raw; at least one cooking step is generally required before they can be safely eaten. Cooking and processing methods more generally will modify the physicochemical characteristics of β-glucans, such as molecular weight, extractability and the resulting viscosity. Therefore, the health impact of β-glucans will depend not only on the dose administered, but also on the ways they are processed or converted into food products. This review aims at summarizing the different parameters that can affect β-glucans efficacy to improve glucose and lipid metabolism in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Henrion
- Science & Technology Dairy, Nestle Research & Development Orbe, Route de Chavornay 3, CH-1350 Orbe, Switzerland
| | - Célia Francey
- Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Route du Jorat 57, CH-1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kim-Anne Lê
- Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Route du Jorat 57, CH-1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Lamothe
- Institute of Materials Science, Nestlé Research, Route du Jorat 57, CH-1000 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Cui H, Li H, Wang Y, Li S, Xue C. Structural characterization and biological activity of galactoglucan from Castanea mollissima Blume. J Carbohydr Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2019.1630838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Cui
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- College of Chemistry and Environment Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yingxing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environment Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Shenghui Li
- College of Chemistry and Environment Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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Bai J, Ren Y, Li Y, Fan M, Qian H, Wang L, Wu G, Zhang H, Qi X, Xu M, Rao Z. Physiological functionalities and mechanisms of β-glucans. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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44
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Ge H, Cortezon-Tamarit F, Wang HC, Sedgwick AC, Arrowsmith RL, Mirabello V, Botchway SW, James TD, Pascu SI. Multiphoton fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and super-resolution fluorescence imaging with a supramolecular biopolymer for the controlled tagging of polysaccharides. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:9498-9507. [PMID: 31046042 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr10344e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A new supramolecular polysaccharide complex, comprising a functionalised coumarin tag featuring a boronic acid and β-d-glucan (a natural product extract from barley, Hordeum Vulgare) was assembled based on the ability of the boronate motif to specifically recognise and bind to 1,2- or 1,3-diols in water. The complexation ratio of the fluorophore : biopolymer strand was determined from fluorescence titration experiments in aqueous environments and binding isotherms best described this interaction using a 2 : 1 model with estimated association constants of K2:1a1 = 5.0 × 104 M-1 and K2:1a2 = 3.3 × 1011 M-1. The resulting hybrid (denoted 5@β-d-glucan) was evaluated for its cellular uptake as an intact functional biopolymer and its distribution compared to that of the pinacol-protected coumarin boronic acid derivative using two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) in living cells. The new fluorescent β-d-glucan conjugate has a high kinetic stability in aqueous environments with respect to the formation of the free boronic acid derivative compound 5 and retains fluorescence emissive properties both in solution and in living cells, as shown by two-photon fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC). Super-resolution fluorescence imaging using Airyscan detection as well as TM AFM and Raman spectroscopy investigations confirmed the formation of fluorescent and nano-dimensional aggregates of up to 20 nm dimensions which self-assemble on several different inert surfaces, such as borosilicate glass and mica surfaces, and these aggregates can also be observed within living cells with optical imaging techniques. The cytoplasmic distribution of the 5@β-d-glucan complex was demonstrated in several different cancer cell lines (HeLa and PC-3) as well as in healthy cells (J774.2 macrophages and FEK-4). Both new compounds (pinacol protected boronated coumarin) 5-P and its complex hybrid 5@β-d-glucan successfully penetrate cellular membranes with the minimum morphological alterations to cells and distribute evenly in the cytoplasm. The glucan biopolymer retains its activity towards macrophages in the presence of the coumarin tag functionality, demonstrating the potential of this natural β-d-glucan to act as a functional self-assembled theranostic scaffold capable of mediating the delivery of anchored small organic molecules with imaging and drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobo Ge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | | | - Hui-Chen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Adam C Sedgwick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105E, 24th Street, Austin, TX 78712-1224, USA
| | - Rory L Arrowsmith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Vincenzo Mirabello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Stanley W Botchway
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, and Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Sofia I Pascu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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Harasym J, Żyła E, Dziendzikowska K, Gromadzka-Ostrowska J. Proteinaceous Residue Removal from Oat β-Glucan Extracts Obtained by Alkaline Water Extraction. Molecules 2019; 24:E1729. [PMID: 31058866 PMCID: PMC6539924 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Wet methods of 1-3, 1-4 -β-D-glucan isolation from cereals differ mainly in the type of grain fraction used as raw material, the solid-liquid ratio of β-glucan in raw material vs. solvent used, and the type of aqueous solvent modification (alkali, neutral or acidic). All these factors impact the characterization of the residues finally found in extracts. Oat bran is a rich source of globulin fraction which can be transferred into the extracts, especially when a high pH is employed. Methods: A multi-stage (enzymatic and acidic) purification procedure was performed to remove the residues, especially starch and protein, from β-glucan isolates from oat of different molar mass. Pancreatin, thermostable α-amylase, amyloglucosidase, and papain were used for consecutive residue removal. Three levels of low pH = 4.5, 3.5 and 3.0 were also tested for effective protein precipitation. Results: The starch hydrolysis and liquefaction significantly facilitate the proteinaceous matter removal although papain usage showed an intensive unfavorable impact on β-glucan molar mass. Soluble protein content was significantly decreased after pancreatin and α-amylase treatment, while the significant reduction of amine nitrogen was noted after complete starch hydrolysis and a second acidification step. Conclusions: A complex procedure employing different enzymes is needed to successfully reduce the possibly bioactive residues in isolated oat β-glucan fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Harasym
- Adaptive Food Systems Accelerator⁻Research Centre, Wrocław University of Economics, Komandorska 118/120, 53-345 Wrocław, Poland.
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Analysis, Wrocław University of Economics, Komandorska 118/120, 53-345 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Ewa Żyła
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Dziendzikowska
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Gromadzka-Ostrowska
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
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Polysaccharides as potential anticancer agents—A review of their progress. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 210:412-428. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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47
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Algae-derived β-glucan enhanced gut health and immune responses of weaned pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic E. coli. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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48
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Cytostatic and Anti-tumor Potential of Ajwa Date Pulp against Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:245. [PMID: 30664656 PMCID: PMC6341075 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36475-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ajwa dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.) are used by traditional therapeutic practitioners for several health benefits but most remain to be scientifically validated. In this study, we evaluated the apoptosis-inducing effect of ethanolic extract of Ajwa date pulp (ADP) on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) HepG2 cells. High performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed the presence of polysaccharide β-D-glucan in ADP extract. Treated HCC cells revealed morphological characteristics of apoptosis under phase contrast microscopy. MTT assay demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) dose- and time-dependent inhibition of HCC cell growth. HCC cells were found to be in late apoptotic stage on treatment with higher doses of ADP extract as depicted by acridine orange/ethidium bromide and Annexin V-FITC/PI double stain. Importantly, ADP extract increased the reactive oxygen species level and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential in treated HCC cells. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that ADP extract induced elevation of S and G2/M phases of cell cycle. Moreover, ADP extract induced apoptosis in HCC cells independent of tumor suppressor genes viz. CHEK2, ATM and TP53. Interestingly, ADP extract did not display any significant effect on normal cell line Vero. This study provides validation that ADP extract can be considered as a safe and natural potential drug candidate against human liver cancer.
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49
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Lycium barbarum polysaccharides grafted with doxorubicin: An efficient pH-responsive anticancer drug delivery system. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 121:964-970. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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50
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Jayachandran M, Chen J, Chung SSM, Xu B. A critical review on the impacts of β-glucans on gut microbiota and human health. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 61:101-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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