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Kim SH, Shim YY, Kim YJ, Reaney MJT, Chung MJ. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Barley Sprout Fermented by Lactic Acid Bacteria in RAW264.7 Macrophages and Caco-2 Cells. Foods 2024; 13:1781. [PMID: 38891009 PMCID: PMC11172312 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory effects of supernatants produced from sprouted barley inoculated with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KCTC3104 (Lp), Leuconostoc mesenteroides KCTC3530 (Lm), Latilactobacillus curvatus KCTC3767 (Lc), or a mixture of these lactic acid bacteria were investigated using RAW264.7 macrophages. BLp and BLc, the lyophilized supernatants of fermented sprouted barley inoculated with Lp and Lc, respectively, effectively reduced the nitric oxide (NO) levels hypersecreted by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 and LPS-stimulated Caco-2 cells. BLp and BLc effectively reduced the NO levels in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, and these effects tended to be concentration-dependent. BLc and BLp also exhibited strong DPPH radical scavenging activity and immunostimulatory effects. BLp and BLc significantly suppressed the levels of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages and LPS-stimulated Caco-2 cells, indicating their anti-inflammatory effects. These effects were greater than those of unfermented barley sprout (Bs). The functional components of Bs, BLp, and BLc were analyzed by HPLC, and it was found that lutonarin and saponarin were significantly increased in the fermented sprouted barley sample inoculated with Lp and Lc (BLp and BLc).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyun Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Young Shim
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada; (Y.Y.S.); (M.J.T.R.)
- Prairie Tide Diversified Inc., Saskatoon, SK S7J 0R1, Canada
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea;
| | - Martin J. T. Reaney
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada; (Y.Y.S.); (M.J.T.R.)
- Prairie Tide Diversified Inc., Saskatoon, SK S7J 0R1, Canada
| | - Mi Ja Chung
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health Welfare, Gwangju University, Gwangju 61743, Republic of Korea
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Lin X, Peng N, Huang P, Xiong Q, Lin H, Tang C, Tsauo C, Peng L. Potential of quaternized chitins in peri-implantitis treatment: In vitro evaluation of antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132612. [PMID: 38795897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiqiu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Na Peng
- Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials of Hubei Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China
| | - Peijun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qiuchan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Huishan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Chenxi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Chialing Tsauo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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Chen Z, Yuan M, Li H, Li L, Luo B, Lu L, Xiang Q, Ding S. Succinylated chitosan derivative restore HUVEC cells function damaged by TNF-α and high glucose in vitro and enhanced wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130825. [PMID: 38492705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The inflammation of chronic wounds plays a key hindering role in the wound healing process. Slowing down the inflammatory response is significant for the repair of chronic wounds. Studies have revealed that succinate can inactivate gastrin D (GSDMD) and prevent cell pyroptosis. Chitosan has anti-inflammatory properties and is commonly used as wound healing material. Therefore, we used succinic anhydride to modify chitosan and found that N-succinylated chitosan (NSC) was more effective in inhibiting inflammation. The results showed that the stimulation of TNF-α and high glucose induces overexpression of capase-1 and TNF-α in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), and down-expression of CD31. However, the expression of capase-1 and TNF-α decreased, while the expression of CD31, VEGF and IL-10 was up-regulated significantly in dysfunctional HUVEC cells after treated by NSC. Moreover, NSC can speed wound healing, histological examination results showed that wounds treated with NSC exhibited faster epithelial tissue regeneration and thicker collagen deposition. Overall, this study results suggested that NSC has the function of restoring the physiological functions of dysfunctional HUVEC cells induced by high glucose and TNF-α, and can accelerate wound healing, indicating that NSC has good potential to be applied in inflammatory chronic wounds such as diabetic foot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwan Chen
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Mengfei Yuan
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Haojing Li
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Binghong Luo
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Qi Xiang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Shan Ding
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
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4
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Yin H, Li R, Liu J, Sun Y, Zhao L, Mou J, Yang J. Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate from sea cucumber Stichopus chloronotus alleviate the intestinal barrier injury and oxidative stress damage in vitro and in vivo. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 328:121722. [PMID: 38220325 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the alleviative effects of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate from sea cucumber Stichopus chloronotus (fCSSc) on the intestinal barrier injury and oxidative stress damage in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that fCS-Sc protected the intestinal barrier and improved the antioxidant function in H2O2 damaged Caco-2 cells via up-regulating the tight junction proteins and activating Keap1-Nrf2-ARE antioxidant pathway. Furthermore, administration fCS-Sc could ameliorate the weight loss and spleen index decrease in Cyclophosphamide (Cy) treated mice, improve the expressions of ZO-1, Claudin-1, Nrf2, SOD, and NQO-1 in Cy damaged colon tissue, showing significant protective effects against intestinal barrier damage and oxidative stress in vivo. fCS-Sc intervention also alleviated the gut microbiota disorder though increasing the richness and diversity of intestinal bacteria, regulating the structural composition of gut microbiota. fCS-Sc promoted the relative abundance of beneficial microbiota and inhibited the growth of harmful bacteria. This study provided a theoretical basis for the application of fCS-Sc as a prebiotic in chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanan Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Yanying Sun
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Jiaojiao Mou
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China; Innovative Drug Research and Development Center, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China.
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Tao Q, Liu XW, Zhang ZD, Ma N, Lu XR, Ge WB, Li JY, Yang YJ. Protective Effect and Mechanism of Aspirin Eugenol Ester on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Intestinal Barrier Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17434. [PMID: 38139262 PMCID: PMC10743450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation is a complex and recurrent inflammatory disease. Pharmacological and pharmacodynamic experiments showed that aspirin eugenol ester (AEE) has good anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic effects. However, the role of AEE in regulating intestinal inflammation has not been explored. This study aimed to investigate whether AEE could have a protective effect on LPS-induced intestinal inflammation and thus help to alleviate the damage to the intestinal barrier. This was assessed with an inflammation model in Caco-2 cells and in rats induced with LPS. The expression of inflammatory mediators, intestinal epithelial barrier-related proteins, and redox-related signals was analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and RT-qPCR. Intestinal damage was assessed by histopathological examination. Changes in rat gut microbiota and their functions were detected by the gut microbial metagenome. AEE significantly reduced LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (p < 0.05) and oxidative stress levels in Caco-2 cells and rats. Compared with the LPS group, AEE could increase the relative expression of Occludin, Claudin-1, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and decrease the relative expression of kappa-B (NF-κB) and matrix metalloproteinase-9. AEE could significantly improve weight loss, diarrhea, reduced intestinal muscle thickness, and intestinal villi damage in rats. Metagenome results showed that AEE could regulate the homeostasis of the gut flora and alter the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Flora enrichment analysis indicated that the regulation of gut flora with AEE may be related to the regulation of glucose metabolism and energy metabolism. AEE could have positive effects on intestinal inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tao
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China; (Q.T.); (X.-W.L.); (Z.-D.Z.); (X.-R.L.); (W.-B.G.)
| | - Xi-Wang Liu
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China; (Q.T.); (X.-W.L.); (Z.-D.Z.); (X.-R.L.); (W.-B.G.)
| | - Zhen-Dong Zhang
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China; (Q.T.); (X.-W.L.); (Z.-D.Z.); (X.-R.L.); (W.-B.G.)
| | - Ning Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China;
| | - Xiao-Rong Lu
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China; (Q.T.); (X.-W.L.); (Z.-D.Z.); (X.-R.L.); (W.-B.G.)
| | - Wen-Bo Ge
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China; (Q.T.); (X.-W.L.); (Z.-D.Z.); (X.-R.L.); (W.-B.G.)
| | - Jian-Yong Li
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China; (Q.T.); (X.-W.L.); (Z.-D.Z.); (X.-R.L.); (W.-B.G.)
| | - Ya-Jun Yang
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China; (Q.T.); (X.-W.L.); (Z.-D.Z.); (X.-R.L.); (W.-B.G.)
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6
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Seoudi SS, Allam EA, El-Kamel AH, Elkafrawy H, El-Moslemany RM. Targeted delivery of budesonide in acetic acid induced colitis: impact on miR-21 and E-cadherin expression. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:2930-2947. [PMID: 37184747 PMCID: PMC10545600 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01363-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic inflammation along the gastrointestinal tract. For IBD effective treatment, developing an orally administered stable drug delivery system capable of targeting inflammation sites is a key challenge. Herein, we report pH responsive hyaluronic (HA) coated Eudragit S100 (ES) nanoparticles (NPs) for the targeted delivery of budesonide (BUD) (HA-BUD-ES-NPs). HA-BUD-ES-NPs showed good colloidal properties (274.8 ± 2.9 nm and - 24.6 ± 2.8 mV) with high entrapment efficiency (98.3 ± 3.41%) and pH-dependent release profile. The negative potential following incubation in simulated gastrointestinal fluids reflected the stability of HA coat. In vitro studies on Caco-2 cells showed HA-BUD-ES-NPs biocompatibility and enhanced cellular uptake and anti-inflammatory effects as shown by the significant reduction in IL-8 and TNF-α. The oral administration of HA-BUD-ES-NPs in an acetic acid induced colitis rat model significantly mitigated the symptoms of IBD, and improved BUD therapeutic efficacy compared to drug suspension. This was proved via the improvement in disease activity index and ulcer score in addition to refined histopathological findings. Also, the assessment of inflammatory markers, epithelial cadherin, and mi-R21 all reflected the higher efficiency of HA-BUD-ES-NPs compared to free drug and uncoated formulation. We thus suggest that HA-BUD-ES-NPs provide a promising drug delivery platform for the management and site specific treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaymaa S Seoudi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman A Allam
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amal H El-Kamel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hagar Elkafrawy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications (CERRMA), Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Riham M El-Moslemany
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Dartora VFC, Passos JS, Osorio B, Hung RC, Nguyen M, Wang A, Panitch A. Chitosan hydrogels with MK2 inhibitor peptide-loaded nanoparticles to treat atopic dermatitis. J Control Release 2023; 362:591-605. [PMID: 37660990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that lacks ideal long-term treatment options due to a series of side effects, such as skin atrophy, related to the most common treatment prescribed to manage moderate-to-severe AD. In this study, a cell-penetrating MK2 inhibitor peptide YARA (YARAAARQARAKALNRQGLVAA) was loaded into hollow thermo-responsive pNIPAM nanoparticles (NP), which were further incorporated into chitosan hydrogels (H-NP-YARA) to promote local drug delivery, improve moisture and the anti-inflammatory activity. The NPs exhibited high loading efficiency (>50%) and the hydrogel remained porous following NP incorporation as observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Both nanoparticles and hydrogels were able to improve the release of YARA and sustained release to up to 120 h. The hydrogels and NPs delivered 2 and 4-fold more YARA into viable skin layers of porcine skin in vitro at 12 h post-application than the non-encapsulated compound in intact and impaired barrier conditions. Furthermore, the YARA-loaded NPs (NP-YARA) and H-NP-YARA treatment decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines up to 20 time-fold compared with the non-treated group of human keratinocytes under inflammatory conditions. Consistent with the results in cell culture, the loading of YARA in NP reduced the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α up to 3.3 times in an ex vivo skin culture model after induction of inflammation. A further decrease of up to 17 times-fold was observed with H-NP-YARA treatment compared to the drug in solution. Our data collectively suggest that chitosan hydrogel containing YARA-loaded nanoparticles is a promising new formulation for the topical treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa F C Dartora
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Group, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, USA
| | - Julia Sapienza Passos
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Group, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Blanca Osorio
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Group, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ruei-Chun Hung
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Group, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, USA
| | - Michael Nguyen
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Group, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Aijun Wang
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Group, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Alyssa Panitch
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Group, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, USA.
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8
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He Z, Liu J, Liu Y. Daphnetin attenuates intestinal inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in ulcerative colitis via inhibiting REG3A-dependent JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:2132-2142. [PMID: 37209277 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Daphnetin is a natural coumarin compound with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-apoptotic effects, which has been previously demonstrated to ameliorate DSS-induced ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the molecular mechanism involved in the daphnetin-mediated pathological process of UC remains unclarified. The current study used DSS-induced mice and LPS-challenged Caco-2 cells as UC models. Bodyweight, disease activity index (DAI) score, and colon length were used to evaluate the severity of colitis. The histological changes in colon tissues were observed using H&E and PAS staining. Protein levels were detected by western blot. The malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were used to assess oxidative stress. Inflammatory responses were evaluated by detecting the levels of inflammatory cytokines (IFN-r, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) using flow cytometry. CCK-8 and TUNEL assay were employed to determine cell growth and cell death, respectively. The results showed that daphnetin could ameliorate the severity of colitis and attenuate the damage to intestinal structure in DSS-induced mice. Compared with the DSS group, the expression of ZO-1, occludin, and anti-apoptotic protein (BCL-2) was increased while the level of pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax and cleaved caspase 3) was decreased in DSS + daphnetin group. The activity of MDA and SOD, as well as the levels of inflammatory cytokines were substantially suppressed by daphnetin. In consistency, in vitro assays indicated that daphnetin protected Caco-2 cells from LPS-stimulated viability impairment, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Furthermore, daphnetin suppressed the activity of JAK2/STAT signaling in LPS-induced Caco-2 cells in a REG3A-dependent manner. REG3A overexpression abated the ameliorative effects of daphnetin while JAK2/STAT signaling inhibition functioned synergically with daphnetin in LPS-stimulated Caco-2 cells. Collectively, this study deepened the understanding of the therapeutic effects of daphnetin on UC and uncovered for the first time that daphnetin functioned through REG3A-activated JAK2/STAT3 signaling in UC, which may provide novel insights for the treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi He
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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9
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Phuangbubpha P, Thara S, Sriboonaied P, Saetan P, Tumnoi W, Charoenpanich A. Optimizing THP-1 Macrophage Culture for an Immune-Responsive Human Intestinal Model. Cells 2023; 12:1427. [PMID: 37408263 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously established immune-responsive co-culture models with macrophages have limitations due to the dedifferentiation of macrophages in long-term cultures. This study is the first report of a long-term (21-day) triple co-culture of THP-1 macrophages (THP-1m) with Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells and HT-29-methotrexate (MTX) goblet cells. We demonstrated that high-density seeded THP-1 cells treated with 100 ng/mL phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate for 48 h differentiated stably and could be cultured for up to 21 days. THP-1m were identified by their adherent morphology and lysosome expansion. In the triple co-culture immune-responsive model, cytokine secretions during lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation were confirmed. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin 6 levels were elevated in the inflamed state, reaching 824.7 ± 130.0 pg/mL and 609.7 ± 139.5 pg/mL, respectively. Intestinal membrane integrity was maintained with a transepithelial electrical resistance value of 336.4 ± 18.0 Ω·cm2. Overall, our findings suggest that THP-1m can be effectively employed in models of long-term immune responses in both normal and chronic inflammatory states of the intestinal epithelium, making them a valuable tool for future research on the association between the immune system and gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornwipa Phuangbubpha
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Sanya Thara
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Patsawee Sriboonaied
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Puretat Saetan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Wanwiwa Tumnoi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Adisri Charoenpanich
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
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10
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Recent progressions in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications of chitosan nanoparticles: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123354. [PMID: 36681228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the most common approaches in the prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases are along with undeniable limitations. Thus, the ever-increasing need for using biocompatible natural materials and novel practical modalities is required. Applying biomaterials, such as chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs: FDA-approved long-chain polymer of N-acetyl-glucosamine and D-glucosamine for some pharmaceutical applications), can serve as an appropriate alternative to overcome these limitations. Recently, the biomedical applications of CS NPs have extensively been investigated. These NPs and their derivatives can not only prepare through different physical and chemical approaches but also modify with various molecules and bioactive materials. The potential properties of CS NPs, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, serum stability, solubility, non-immunogenicity, anti-inflammatory properties, appropriate pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and so forth, have made them excellent candidates for biomedical applications. Therefore, CS NPs have efficiently applied for various biomedical applications, like regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, biosensors for the detection of microorganisms, and drug delivery systems (DDS) for the suppression of diseases. These NPs possess a high level of biosafety. In summary, CS NPs have the potential ability for biomedical and clinical applications, and it would be remarkably beneficial to develop new generations of CS-based material for the future of medicine.
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11
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Khongkow M, Rimsueb N, Jantimaporn A, Janyaphisan T, Woraprayote W, Visessanguan W, Ruktanonchai UR. Cationic liposome of hen egg white lysozyme for enhanced its stability, activity and accessibility in gastro-intestinal tract. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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12
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Xu Y, Li Q, Ge P, Mao H, Yang C. Chitosan nanoparticles attenuate intestinal damage and inflammatory responses in LPS-challenged weaned piglets via prevention of IκB degradation. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:173-181. [PMID: 34820921 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan nanoparticles (CNP), widely applied as oral drug/gene/vaccine carrier, were found to have anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, the effects of CNP on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal damage in weaned piglets and the related mechanisms were investigated. Twenty-four weaned piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, 21 ± 2 day of age, initial mass: 8.58 ± 0.59 kg) were randomly assigned into four groups: control, LPS, CNP and CNP + LPS. The control and LPS groups were fed a corn-soybean meal-based control diet, whereas the CNP and CNP + LPS groups were fed a control diet supplemented with 400 mg/kg CNP. After 28 days of feeding, piglets in LPS and CNP + LPS groups were injected with LPS (100 μg/kg); meanwhile, the piglets in control and CNP groups were injected with sterile saline. After 4 h from the LPS challenge, pigs were sacrificed to collect the intestinal samples for analysis. The results showed that CNP could attenuate the intestinal damages and inflammatory response stimulated by LPS treatment. LPS induced dramatically higher levels of CD177+ neutrophils invasion in jejunum mucosa (p < 0.01), which accompanied by increased secretion of marks of inflammation (p < 0.01) compared with the control, whereas CNP administration obviously inhibited LPS-induced CD177+ neutrophils invasion (p < 0.01) and secretion of marks of inflammation, such as interleukin-8 (p < 0.05), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (p < 0.05) secretion in jejunum mucosa compared with LPS group. Moreover, CNP was shown to inhibit IκB-α degradation in cytoplasm, which resulted in reduced nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in LPS-challenged piglets. These findings suggest that CNP attenuates intestinal damage and inflammatory responses in LPS-challenged weaned piglets by impairing the NF-κB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology • College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology • College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pu Ge
- Pathophysiology Department of ChongQing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huiling Mao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology • College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caimei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology • College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Fabrication of novel polysaccharide hybrid nanoliposomes containing citral for targeting MRSA-infected wound healing. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Mohamed Anter H, Mokhtar Aman R, Abdelaziz Shaaban A, Ibrahim Abu Hashim I, Mohamed Meshali M. Propitious maneuvering for delivery of the phytopharmaceutical "apocynin" to induced fulminant hepatitis in BALB/c mice: In vitro and in vivo assessments. Int J Pharm 2022; 626:122165. [PMID: 36089210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Apocynin (APO), a specific nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase (NADPH-oxidase, NOX) inhibitor, has recently emerged as a bioactive phytochemical with eminent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. To our knowledge, no research has been conducted to fabricate a mucoadhesive nanostructured delivery system of APO that targets the liver. Accordingly, chitosan (CS) surface decorated polymeric nanoparticulate delivery system (PNDS) was victoriously fabricated by double emulsion-solvent evaporation method. Herein, a randomized full 33 factorial design was employed to assess the impact of the independently processing parameters (IPPs) namely; (poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) amount (A)), (polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) concentration (B)), and (CS concentration (C)), on different dependently measured attributes (DMAs). The optimal APO-loaded chitosan-coated poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles (APO-loaded CS-coated PLGA NPs) formula (F19) would be extensively appraised through meticulous in vitro-in vivo studies. Crucially, the results revealed that oral pre-treatment with the optimal formula evoked a prodigious in vivo hepatoprotective efficacy against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-(+)-galactosamine (D-GalN) induced fulminant hepatitis (FH) in BALB/c mice when compared with pure APO, uncoated F19, and plain NPs (P NPs) pretreated groups. In conclusion, APO-loaded CS-coated PLGA NPs could be considered as a promising oral mucoadhesive phytopharmaceutical PNDS to open new prospects for therapeutic intervention in inflammatory based liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend Mohamed Anter
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahlia 35516, Egypt.
| | - Reham Mokhtar Aman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahlia 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdelaziz Shaaban
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahlia 35516, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt
| | - Irhan Ibrahim Abu Hashim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahlia 35516, Egypt
| | - Mahasen Mohamed Meshali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahlia 35516, Egypt
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15
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Liu Y, Tang Q, Feng J, Liu J, Tang C, Yan M, Zhou S, Liu L, Zhou J, Zhang J. Effects of molecular weight on intestinal anti-inflammatory activities of β-D-glucan from Ganoderma lucidum. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1028727. [PMID: 36245525 PMCID: PMC9557179 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1028727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the influence of molecular weight (Mw) on the anti-inflammatory activity of β-D-glucan from Ganoderma lucidum, ultrasonic irradiation was applied to treat the β-D-glucan (GLP, 2.42 × 106 g/mol) solution to obtain two degraded fractions with molecular weight of 6.53 × 105 g/mol (GLPC) and 3.49 × 104 g/mol (GLPN). Structural analysis proved that the degraded fractions possessed similar repeated units with the original β-D-glucan. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity studies showed that all fractions could significantly inhibit LPS-induced expression of cytokines including TNF-α, IL-8, MIF and MCP-1 in Caco-2 cells at certain concentrations. Moreover, GLPC and GLPN exhibited better anti-inflammatory activity than GLPC. The intestinal anti-inflammatory activity evaluated by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)—induced colitis mice model showed that intragastric administration of GLPN (lower Mw fraction) could significantly recover inflamed tissues of mice. Compared with GLP and GLPC, GLPN exhibited stronger ability to inhibit the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6). The results revealed that Mw of β-D-glucan influenced its anti-inflammatory activity and decreasing of Mw would improve the activity, which provided evidence for the potential use of β-D-glucan from G. lucidum as anti-colitis ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Liu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingjiu Tang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanhong Tang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengqiu Yan
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Baixin Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jingsong Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jingsong Zhang
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16
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Mi XJ, Choi HS, Park HR, Kim YJ. Structural characterization and anti-inflammatory properties of green synthesized chitosan/compound K‑gold nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 213:247-258. [PMID: 35640850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ginsenoside compound K (CK) has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, to encourage biomedical applications of biosynthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with anti-inflammatory effects, AuNPs loaded with ginsenoside compound K were prepared using a self-assembly technique with chitosan as the carrier. Optimal conditions for chitosan-ginsenoside CK‑gold nanoparticles (CS-CK-AuNPs) formation were monitored using UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The physicochemical characterization of CS-CK-AuNPs was performed using FE-TEM, FE-SEM, XRD, DLS, FTIR and NMR techniques. In the stability test, CS-CK-AuNPs did not show any significant changes up to 4 weeks. Fluorescence imaging demonstrated that CS-CK-AuNPs promoted cellular uptake in vitro, but did not exhibit significant cytotoxicity at concentrations below 40 μg/mL. Additionally, the CS-CK-AuNPs inhibited NO production, and reduced the expression and secretion of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) via inhibition of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) pathway in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Thus, CS-CK-AuNPs are novel candidates for developing anti-inflammatory agent. This study also confirms the superiority of chitosan AuNPs as oral delivery vehicles for inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jie Mi
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Han Sol Choi
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Hye-Ryung Park
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
| | - Yeon Ju Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
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17
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Bagheri-Josheghani S, Bakhshi B. Formulation of selenium nanoparticles encapsulated by alginate-chitosan for controlled delivery of Vibrio Cholerae LPS: A novel delivery system candidate for nanovaccine. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 208:494-508. [PMID: 35337913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Vibrio cholerae plays a significant role in stimulating primary protection and immune responses. LPS delivery has been limited by the stimulation of inflammatory cytokines. This work aimed to report the synthesis and performance of this formulation in modulating immune responses and protecting LPS against acidic gastric medium. Alg-Cs-LPS-SeNPs composite was fabricated by an ionic cross-linking/in situ reduction method. Cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-β were assessed after cells were incubated with different compounds of the system. The main outcomes revealed that encapsulation of LPS-loaded SeNPs in the alginate-chitosan complex was associated with a high entrapment efficiency and could effectively protect LPS against acidic GIT medium. Kinetic profiling revealed that LPS was more slowly released from LPS-loaded Alg-Cs-LPS-SeNPs at pH 1.2, 7.4, and 6.8. These results indicated that Alg-Cs-LPS-SeNPs composite was able to significantly increase anti-inflammatory cytokines and reduce the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Thus, these findings show that this system for LPS delivery could be easily biosynthesized and encapsulated for use in the pharmaceutical industry. This study provides proof of the potential for future use of oral LPS vaccines, concomitantly inducing immunomodulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareh Bagheri-Josheghani
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bita Bakhshi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Advances in the colon-targeted chitosan based drug delivery systems for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 288:119351. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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19
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Du G, Bai F, Zhan X, Zhang W, Tong J, Wang Y, Xia X, Shi C. Citral mitigates inflammation of Caco-2 cells induced by Cronobacter sakazakii. Food Funct 2022; 13:3540-3550. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00098a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of citral in Cronobacter sakazakii-stimulated Caco-2 cells. Safe doses of citral were first determined in Caco-2 cells....
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20
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Responses of increasingly complex intestinal epithelium in vitro models to bacterial toll-like receptor agonists. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 79:105280. [PMID: 34843883 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The intestine fulfills roles in the uptake of nutrients and water regulation and acts as a gatekeeper for the intestinal microbiome. For the latter, the intestinal gut barrier system is able to respond to a broad range of bacterial antigens, generally through Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways. To test the capacity of various in vitro intestinal models, we studied IL-8 secretion, as a marker of pro-inflammatory response through the TLR pathway, in a Caco-2 monoculture, Caco-2/HT29-MTX di-culture, Caco-2/HT29-MTX/HMVEC-d tri-culture and in a HT29-p monoculture in response to exposure to various TLR agonists. Twenty-one-day-old differentiated cells in Transwells were exposed to Pam3CSK4 (TLR1/2), lipopolysaccharide (TLR4), single-stranded RNA (TLR7/8), Poly(i:C) (TLR3) and flagellin (TLR5) for 24 h. In all systems IL-8 secretion was increased in response to flagellin exposure, with HT29-p cells also responding to Poly(I:C) exposure. All other agonists did not induce an IL-8 response in the tested in vitro models, indicating that the specific TLRs are either not present or not functional in these models. This highlights the need for careful selection of in vitro models when studying intestinal immune responses and the need for improved in vitro models that better recapitulate intestinal immune responses.
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21
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Tammam SN, El Safy S, Ramadan S, Arjune S, Krakor E, Mathur S. Repurpose but also (nano)-reformulate! The potential role of nanomedicine in the battle against SARS-CoV2. J Control Release 2021; 337:258-284. [PMID: 34293319 PMCID: PMC8289726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) has taken the world by surprise. To date, a worldwide approved treatment remains lacking and hence in the context of rapid viral spread and the growing need for rapid action, drug repurposing has emerged as one of the frontline strategies in the battle against SARS-CoV2. Repurposed drugs currently being evaluated against COVID-19 either tackle the replication and spread of SARS-CoV2 or they aim at controlling hyper-inflammation and the rampaged immune response in severe disease. In both cases, the target for such drugs resides in the lungs, at least during the period where treatment could still provide substantial clinical benefit to the patient. Yet, most of these drugs are administered systemically, questioning the percentage of administered drug that actually reaches the lung and as a consequence, the distribution of the remainder of the dose to off target sites. Inhalation therapy should allow higher concentrations of the drug in the lungs and lower concentrations systemically, hence providing a stronger, more localized action, with reduced adverse effects. Therefore, the nano-reformulation of the repurposed drugs for inhalation is a promising approach for targeted drug delivery to lungs. In this review, we critically analyze, what nanomedicine could and ought to do in the battle against SARS-CoV2. We start by a brief description of SARS-CoV2 structure and pathogenicity and move on to discuss the current limitations of repurposed antiviral and immune-modulating drugs that are being clinically investigated against COVID-19. This account focuses on how nanomedicine could address limitations of current therapeutics, enhancing the efficacy, specificity and safety of such drugs. With the appearance of new variants of SARS-CoV2 and the potential implication on the efficacy of vaccines and diagnostics, the presence of an effective therapeutic solution is inevitable and could be potentially achieved via nano-reformulation. The presence of an inhaled nano-platform capable of delivering antiviral or immunomodulatory drugs should be available as part of the repertoire in the fight against current and future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma N. Tammam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo (GUC), 11835 Cairo, Egypt,Corresponding author
| | - Sara El Safy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo (GUC), 11835 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shahenda Ramadan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo (GUC), 11835 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sita Arjune
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eva Krakor
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, , University of Cologne, Greinstraße 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sanjay Mathur
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, , University of Cologne, Greinstraße 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
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22
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Development of nanostructured systems using natural polymers to optimize the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases: A prospective study. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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23
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Agostini SBN, Malta IHS, Rodrigues RF, Freitas JTJ, Lino MEDS, Dos Santos RS, Elisei LS, Moraes TR, Giusto LADR, de Oliveira MK, Bassi da Silva J, Bruschi ML, Santos AMD, Nogueira DA, Novaes RD, Pereira GR, Galdino G, Carvalho FC. Preclinical evaluation of methotrexate-loaded polyelectrolyte complexes and thermosensitive hydrogels as treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 163:105856. [PMID: 33882329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This work proposes new methotrexate (MTX) loaded drug delivery systems (DDS) to treat rheumatoid arthritis via the intra-articular route: a poloxamer based thermosensitive hydrogel (MTX-HG), oligochitosan and hypromellose phthalate-based polyelectrolyte complexes (MTX-PEC) and their association (MTX-PEC-HG). MTX-PEC showed 470 ± 166 nm particle size, 0.298 ± 0.108 polydispersity index, +26 ± 2 mV and 74.3 ± 5.8% MTX efficiency entrapment and particle formation was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis. MTX-HG and MTX-PEC-HG gelled at 36.7°C. MTX drug release profile was prolonged for MTX-HG and MTX-PEC-HG, and faster for MTX-PEC and free MTX. The in vivo effect of the MTX-DDSs systems was evaluated in induced arthritis rats as single intra-articular dose. The assessed parameters were the mechanical nociceptive threshold, the plasmatic IL-1β level and histological analysis of the tibiofemoral joint. MTX-HG and MTX-PEC-HG performance were similar to free MTX and worse than oral MTX, used as positive control. All DDSs showed some irritative effect, for which further studies are required. MTX-PEC was the best treatment on recovering cartilage damage and decreasing allodynia. Thus, MTX-PEC demonstrated potential to treat rheumatoid arthritis, with the possibility of decreasing the systemic exposure to the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Merelym Ketterym de Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Bassi da Silva
- Laboratório de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Sistemas de Liberação de Fármacos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Brazil
| | - Marcos Luciano Bruschi
- Laboratório de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Sistemas de Liberação de Fármacos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Brazil
| | - Aline Martins Dos Santos
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho". UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | | | - Rômulo Dias Novaes
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Ribeiro Pereira
- Escola de Farmácia, Departamento de Fármacos e Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Giovane Galdino
- Instituto de Ciência da Motricidade, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Flávia Chiva Carvalho
- Escola de Farmácia, Departamento de Fármacos e Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Brazil
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24
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Khan A, Alamry KA. Recent advances of emerging green chitosan-based biomaterials with potential biomedical applications: A review. Carbohydr Res 2021; 506:108368. [PMID: 34111686 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan is the most abundant natural biopolymer, after cellulose. It is mainly derived from the fungi, shrimp's shells, and exoskeleton of crustaceans, through the deacetylation of chitin. The ecological sustainability associated with its exercise and the flexibility of chitosan owing to its active functional hydroxyl and amino groups makes it a promising candidate for a wide range of applications through a variety of modifications. The biodegradability and biocompatibility of chitosan and its derivatives along with their various chemical functionalities make them promising carriers for pharmaceutical, nutritional, medicinal, environmental, agriculture, drug delivery, and biotechnology applications. The present work aims to provide a detailed and organized description of modified chitosan and its derivatives-based nanomaterials for biomedical applications. We addressed the biological and physicochemical benefits of nanocomposite materials made up of chitosan and its derivatives in various formulations, including improved physicochemical stability and cells/tissue interaction, controlled drug release, and increased bioavailability and efficacy in clinical practice. Moreover, several modification techniques and their effective utilization are also reviewed and collected in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajahar Khan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khalid A Alamry
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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25
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Garcinol Encapsulated Ph-Sensitive Biodegradable Nanoparticles: A Novel Therapeutic Strategy for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13060862. [PMID: 33799680 PMCID: PMC7999919 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of pH-sensitive nanoscale particles is beneficial due to their ability to only release cargo in a colonic pH environment, which helps to directly target inflamed tissues in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Hence, we have designed the formulation of pH-sensitive biodegradable garcinol (GAR)-loaded poly (lactic–co–glycolic acid) (PLGA) coated with Eudragit® S100 (ES100) (GAR-PLGA-ES100 nanoparticles (NPs)) for reducing inflammation caused by proinflammatory cytokines. The GAR-PLGA-ES100 NPs were prepared using a solvent evaporation technique and characterized for shape and surface morphology. An in vitro drug release study revealed the release of the drug specifically from NPs at the colonic pH of 7.4. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the GAR-PLGA-ES100 NPs was also evaluated and found to be highly biocompatible with CACO-2 cells. These NPs were able to reduce lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Inhibition of the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α , chemokine interleukin (IL)-8 and the nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B-cells (NF-κB) was observed after GAR-PLGA-ES100 NPs treatment. Therefore, our results support the idea that GAR-PLGA-ES100 NPs show substantial improvement after the release of the drug, specifically in colonic pH targeting and reduction in the activation of inflammation that leads to IBD, suggesting that GAR-PLGA-ES100 NPs are promising candidates for oral delivery to colonic inflamed tissue.
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Chitosan and chitooligosaccharides attenuate soyabean meal-induced intestinal inflammation of turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus): possible involvement of NF-кB, activator protein-1 and mitogen-activated protein kinases pathways. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:1651-1662. [PMID: 33550994 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521000489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An 8-week feeding experiment was conducted to investigate and confront the putative functions of chitosan (CTS) and chitooligosaccharide (COS) in the growth and homoeostasis of distal intestine in juvenile turbots fed diets containing soyabean meal (SBM). Three isolipidic and isonitrogenous diets were formulated by supplemented basal diet (based on a 400 g/kg SBM) with 7·5 g/kg CTS or with 2·0 g/kg COS. Our results indicated that both CTS and COS supplementation could significantly improve (i) the growth performance and feed efficiency ratio; (ii) antioxidant activity driven by metabolic enzymes (i.e. catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase); (iii) glutathione levels; (iv) acid phosphatase and lysozyme activity and (v) IgM content. As a result, these two particular prebiotics were able to significantly attenuate the histological alterations due to local inflammation as well as to decrease the transcriptional levels of proinflammatory cytokines (i.e. IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α) and major pathway effectors (i.e. activator protein-1 (AP-1), NF-кB, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase and extracellular regulated kinase). High-throughput sequencing data indicated that dietary CTS and COS could significantly decrease the diversity of intestinal bacteria but elevate the relative abundances of Bacillus, Lactobacillus and Pseudomonas genera. Altogether, these findings suggest that CTS and COS can improve growth of turbot, enhance intestinal immune and anti-oxidant systems and promote the balance of intestinal microbiota. The protective effects, elicited by these two prebiotics, against SBM-induced inflammation could be attributed to their roles in alleviating the overexpression of inflammatory cytokines by possibly down-regulating NF-кB, AP-1 and/or mitogen-activated protein kinases pathways.
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Madni A, Kousar R, Naeem N, Wahid F. Recent advancements in applications of chitosan-based biomaterials for skin tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF BIORESOURCES AND BIOPRODUCTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Optimization and Pharmacokinetic Study of Boswellic Acid–Loaded Chitosan-Guggul Gum Nanoparticles Using Box-Behnken Experimental Design. J Pharm Innov 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-020-09527-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Javed I, Cui X, Wang X, Mortimer M, Andrikopoulos N, Li Y, Davis TP, Zhao Y, Ke PC, Chen C. Implications of the Human Gut-Brain and Gut-Cancer Axes for Future Nanomedicine. ACS NANO 2020; 14:14391-14416. [PMID: 33138351 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent clinical and pathological evidence have implicated the gut microbiota as a nexus for modulating the homeostasis of the human body, impacting conditions from cancer and dementia to obesity and social behavior. The connections between microbiota and human diseases offer numerous opportunities in medicine, most of which have limited or no therapeutic solutions available. In light of this paradigm-setting trend in science, this review aims to provide a comprehensive and timely summary of the mechanistic pathways governing the gut microbiota and their implications for nanomedicines targeting cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Specifically, we discuss in parallel the beneficial and pathogenic relationship of the gut microbiota along the gut-brain and gut-cancer axes, elaborate on the impact of dysbiosis and the gastrointestinal corona on the efficacy of nanomedicines, and highlight a molecular mimicry that manipulates the universal cross-β backbone of bacterial amyloid to accelerate neurological disorders. This review further offers a forward-looking section on the rational design of cancer and dementia nanomedicines exploiting the gut-brain and gut-cancer axes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Javed
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Xuejing Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Monika Mortimer
- Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Nikolaos Andrikopoulos
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Yuhuan Li
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 111 Yixueyuan Rd, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Thomas P Davis
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Pu Chun Ke
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 111 Yixueyuan Rd, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- GBA Research Innovation Institute for Nanotechnology, Guangdong 510700, China
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30
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Lin C, Kuo TC, Lin JC, Ho YC, Mi FL. Delivery of polysaccharides from Ophiopogon japonicus (OJPs) using OJPs/chitosan/whey protein co-assembled nanoparticles to treat defective intestinal epithelial tight junction barrier. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 160:558-570. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Chen Y, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Bai T, Song J, Qian W, Hou X. EphrinA1/EphA2 Promotes Epithelial Hyperpermeability Involving in Lipopolysaccharide-induced Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 26:397-409. [PMID: 32606260 PMCID: PMC7329149 DOI: 10.5056/jnm19095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the key factor inducing mucosal and systemic inflammation in various intestinal and parenteral diseases, which could initially disrupt the epithelial barrier function. EphrinA1/ephA2 is speculated to increase the epithelial permeability for its "repulsive interaction" between adjacent cells. This study aim to investigate the role of ephrinA1/ephA2 in LPS-induced epithelial hyperpermeability. Methods In vivo model challenged with oral LPS in C57BL/6 mice and in vitro model exposed to LPS in Caco2 monolayer were established. The barrier function was assessed including expression of tight junction proteins (occludin and claudin-1), transepithelial electrical resistance, and permeability to macromolecules (fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled fluorescent dextran 4 kDa [FD4]). Moreover, the expression and phosphorylation of ephrinA1/ephA2 were quantified, and its roles in the process of epithelial barrier disruption were confirmed via stimulating ephA2 with ephrinA1-Fc chimera (ephrinA1-Fc) and inactivating ephA2 with ephA2-Fc chimera (ephA2-Fc), or ephA2 monoclonal antibody (ephA2-mab), as well as inhibiting extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) with PD98059. Results LPS induced significant barrier dysfunction with dismissed occludin and claudin-1 expression, reduced transepithelial electrical resistance and increased FD4 permeability, accompanied by upregulated ephrinA1/ephA2 pathway and phosphorylation of ephA2 receptor. Furthermore, ephA2-Fc, and ephA2-mab ameliorated LPS-induced epithelial hyperpermeability, which was also inhibited by PD98059. Additionally, ephrinA1-Fc led to apparent epithelial leakage in Caco2 monolayer by promoting the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, which could be obviously blocked by ephA2-mab and PD98059. Conclusion EphrinA1/ephA2 promotes epithelial hyperpermeability with an ERK1/2-dependent pathway, which involves in LPS-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongbo Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Bai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Song
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohua Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Lopez-Santamarina A, Mondragon ADC, Lamas A, Miranda JM, Franco CM, Cepeda A. Animal-Origin Prebiotics Based on Chitin: An Alternative for the Future? A Critical Review. Foods 2020; 9:foods9060782. [PMID: 32545663 PMCID: PMC7353569 DOI: 10.3390/foods9060782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota has been revealed in recent years as a factor that plays a decisive role in the maintenance of human health, as well as in the development of many non-communicable diseases. This microbiota can be modulated by various dietary factors, among which complex carbohydrates have a great influence. Although most complex carbohydrates included in the human diet come from vegetables, there are also options to include complex carbohydrates from non-vegetable sources, such as chitin and its derivatives. Chitin, and its derivatives such as chitosan can be obtained from non-vegetable sources, the best being insects, crustacean exoskeletons and fungi. The present review offers a broad perspective of the current knowledge surrounding the impacts of chitin and its derived polysaccharides on the human gut microbiota and the profound need for more in-depth investigations into this topic. Overall, the effects of whole insects or meal on the gut microbiota have contradictory results, possibly due to their high protein content. Better results are obtained for the case of chitin derivatives, regarding both metabolic effects and effects on the gut microbiota composition.
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Lee SW, Park HJ, Pei Y, Ye Y, Hong S. Topical application of zwitterionic chitosan suppresses neutrophil-mediated acute skin inflammation. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 158:S0141-8130(20)33162-7. [PMID: 32387602 PMCID: PMC7644656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Zwitterionic chitosan (ZWC), a water-soluble succinylated chitosan derivative, has anti-inflammatory activities with therapeutic effects on sepsis and colitis. However, it remains unknown whether ZWC has any influence on skin inflammation. Here, we investigated the role of ZWC in the tape-stripping-induced acute skin inflammation model. Topical application of ZWC to the wounded area significantly reduced skin lesion compared with PBS controls. Since tape-stripping-induced skin inflammation is mediated by neutrophils, we examined if ZWC has any suppressive effects on neutrophil's function. ZWC treatment downregulated the skin recruitment of neutrophils, subsequently reducing inflammatory responses by keratinocytes. ZWC also suppressed LPS-induced inflammatory responses of neutrophils in vitro, indicating the direct effect of ZWC on neutrophils. Moreover, such anti-inflammatory effects of ZWC extended to other immune cells such as basophils in the spleen. Overall, our results support that ZWC may be used as a therapeutic material to control acute skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Won Lee
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Park
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Yihua Pei
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yoon Ye
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Seokmann Hong
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
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34
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Chen Y, Zeng Z, Ying H, Wu C, Chen S. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses through modulation of toll-like receptor 4 expression. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 40:1067-1075. [PMID: 32207180 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are extensively applied in biomedical fields, such as magnetic resonance imaging and as nanocarriers. However, the biosafety of SPIONs is not completely established, especially their effect on the immune system and inflammatory responses. Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling is essential for many acute and chronic human inflammatory diseases. Regulation of TLR responses with drugs is helpful for these inflammatory conditions. In this study, we investigated the effects of 10 and 30 nm SPIONs on macrophages in the presence or absence of the TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We found that SPIONs inhibited the release of inflammatory cytokines induced by LPS both in murine and human macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner. Meanwhile, SPIONs suppressed inducible nitric oxide synthase expression activated by SPIONs in RAW264.7 macrophages. Additionally, TLR4 mRNA transcription and expression were attenuated with SPIONs treatment, which positively correlated with the release of inflammatory cytokines. In summary, our study demonstrates that SPIONs can suppress inflammatory responses, and the underlying mechanism may be regulated by TLR4 expression. Our present work contributes to clarifying the biosafety of SPIONs and provides a potential approach to alleviate human inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhisen Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Haoran Ying
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Chuang Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Shuzhen Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
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35
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Kazemian N, Mahmoudi M, Halperin F, Wu JC, Pakpour S. Gut microbiota and cardiovascular disease: opportunities and challenges. MICROBIOME 2020; 8:36. [PMID: 32169105 PMCID: PMC7071638 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00821-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common health problem worldwide and remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Over the past decade, it has become clear that the inhabitants of our gut, the gut microbiota, play a vital role in human metabolism, immunity, and reactions to diseases, including CAD. Although correlations have been shown between CAD and the gut microbiota, demonstration of potential causal relationships is much more complex and challenging. In this review, we will discuss the potential direct and indirect causal roots between gut microbiota and CAD development via microbial metabolites and interaction with the immune system. Uncovering the causal relationship of gut microbiota and CAD development can lead to novel microbiome-based preventative and therapeutic interventions. However, an interdisciplinary approach is required to shed light on gut bacterial-mediated mechanisms (e.g., using advanced nanomedicine technologies and incorporation of demographic factors such as age, sex, and ethnicity) to enable efficacious and high-precision preventative and therapeutic strategies for CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Kazemian
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Department of Radiology and Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | | | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sepideh Pakpour
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Kelowna, BC, Canada.
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Wang K, Yang X, Wu Z, Wang H, Li Q, Mei H, You R, Zhang Y. Dendrobium officinale Polysaccharide Protected CCl 4-Induced Liver Fibrosis Through Intestinal Homeostasis and the LPS-TLR4-NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:240. [PMID: 32226380 PMCID: PMC7080991 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored the therapeutic effects of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide (DOP) on CCl4-induced liver fibrosis with respect to the intestinal hepatic axis using a rat model. Histopathological staining results showed that DOP alleviated extensive fibrous tissue proliferation in interstitium and lessened intestinal mucosal damage. Western blot and PCR results showed that DOP maintained intestinal balance by upregulating the expression of tight junction proteins such as occludin, claudin-1, ZO-1, and Bcl-2 proteins while downregulating the expression of Bax and caspase-3 proteins in the intestine. The transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) value of the LPS-induced Caco-2 monolayer cell model was increased after DOP administration. These illustrated that DOP can protect the intestinal mucosal barrier function. DOP also inhibited activation of the LPS-TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway to reduce the contents of inflammatory factors TGF-β and TNF-α, increased the expression of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10, and significantly decreased α-SMA and collagen I expression. These results indicated that DOP maintained intestinal homeostasis by enhancing tight junctions between intestinal cells and reducing apoptosis, thereby inhibiting activation of the LPS-TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway to protect against liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiawen Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhijing Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongjing Wang
- Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Mei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruxu You
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Fouad-Elhady EA, Aglan HA, Hassan RE, Ahmed HH, Sabry GM. Modulation of bone turnover aberration: A target for management of primary osteoporosis in experimental rat model. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03341. [PMID: 32072048 PMCID: PMC7011045 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a skeletal degenerative disease characterised by abnormal bone turnover with scant bone formation and overabundant bone resorption. The present approach was intended to address the potency of nanohydroxyapatite (nHA), chitosan/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites (nCh/HA) and silver/hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nAg/HA) to modulate bone turnover deviation in primary osteoporosis induced in the experimental model. Characterisation techniques such as TEM, zeta-potential, FT-IR and XRD were used to assess the morphology, the physical as well as the chemical features of the prepared nanostructures. The in vivo experiment was conducted on forty-eight adult female rats, randomised into 6 groups (8 rats/group), (1) gonad-intact, (2) osteoporotic group, (3) osteoporotic + nHA, (4) osteoporotic + nCh/HA, (5) osteoporotic + nAg/HA and (6) osteoporotic + alendronate (ALN). After three months of treatment, serum sclerostin (SOST), bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and bone sialoprotein (BSP) levels were quantified using ELISA. Femur bone receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL) and cathepsin K (CtsK) mRNA levels were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR. Moreover, alizarin red S staining was applied to determine the mineralisation intensity of femur bone. Findings in the present study indicated that treatment with nHA, nCh/HA or nAg/HA leads to significant repression of serum SOST, BALP and BSP levels parallel to a significant down-regulation of RANKL and CtsK gene expression levels. On the other side, significant enhancement in the calcification intensity of femur bone has been noticed. The outcomes of this experimental setting ascertained the potentiality of nHA, nCh/HA and nAg/HA as promising nanomaterials in attenuating the excessive bone turnover in the primary osteoporotic rat model. The mechanisms behind the efficacy of the investigated nanostructures involved the obstacle of serum and tissue indices of bone resorption besides the strengthening of bone mineralisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enas A Fouad-Elhady
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hadeer A Aglan
- Hormones Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.,Stem Cells Lab, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rasha E Hassan
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanaa H Ahmed
- Hormones Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.,Stem Cells Lab, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gilane M Sabry
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Xu Y, Mao H, Yang C, Du H, Wang H, Tu J. Effects of chitosan nanoparticle supplementation on growth performance, humoral immunity, gut microbiota and immune responses after lipopolysaccharide challenge in weaned pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 104:597-605. [PMID: 31891214 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with chitosan nanoparticles (CNP) on growth performance, immune status, gut microbiota and immune responses after lipopolysaccharide challenge in weaned pigs. A total of 144 piglets were assigned to four groups receiving different dietary treatments, including basal diets supplemented with 0, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg CNP fed for 28 days. Each treatment group included six pens (six piglets per pen). The increase in supplemental CNP concentration improved the average daily gain (ADG) and decreased the feed and gain (F/G) and diarrhoea rate (p < .05). However, significant differences in the average daily feed intake (ADFI) among different CNP concentrations were not observed. CNP also increased plasma immunoglobulin (Ig)A and IgG, and C3 and C4 concentrations in piglets in a dose-dependent manner on day 28, whereas IgM concentration was not affected by CNP. A total of 24 piglets in the control diet and control diet with 400 mg/kg CNP supplementation groups were randomly selected for the experiment of immunological stress. Half of the pigs in each group (n = 6) were injected i.p. with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at a concentration of 100 μg/kg. The other pigs in each group were injected with sterile saline solution at the same volume. Plasma concentrations of cortisol, prostaglandin E2 (PEG2), interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-1β dramatically increased after LPS challenge. However, CNP inhibited the increase in cortisol, PEG2, IL-6 and IL-1β levels in plasma, whereas TNF-α level slightly increased. Moreover, the effects of CNP on the gut microbiota were also evaluated. Our results showed that dietary supplementation with CNP modified the composition of colonic microbiota, where it increased the amounts of some presumably beneficial intestinal bacteria and suppressed the growth of potential bacterial pathogens. These findings suggested CNP supplementation improved the growth performance and immune status, alleviated immunological stress and regulated intestinal ecology in weaned piglets. Based on these beneficial effects, CNP could be applied as a functional feed additives supplemented in piglets diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiling Mao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caimei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huahua Du
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jue Tu
- Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Sun M, Deng Z, Shi F, Zhou Z, Jiang C, Xu Z, Cui X, Li W, Jing Y, Han B, Zhang W, Xia S. Rebamipide-loaded chitosan nanoparticles accelerate prostatic wound healing by inhibiting M1 macrophage-mediated inflammation via the NF-κB signaling pathway. Biomater Sci 2019; 8:912-925. [PMID: 31829321 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01512d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A large proportion of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients suffer from lower urinary tract symptoms after surgery due to the presence of prostatic urothelium wounds. Rebamipide (RBM) exerts wound healing promotion and anti-inflammatory effects on various tissues, including the urothelium. However, intravesical administration of RBM is hindered due to its low solubility and resulting unsustainable drug concentrations in the bladder. In this study, RBM-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (RBM/CTS NPs) were prepared using the ionic cross-linking method. Physicochemical characteristics and the wound healing promotion effect, as well as in vitro influence on macrophages were evaluated. The results show that RBM/CTS NPs are spherical with uniform size distribution, while slower and sustained in vitro release of RBM is presented. In vivo, faster wound healing and improved re-epithelialization progress were observed after treatment with RBM/CTS NPs in a model of thulium laser resection of the prostate (TmLRP). The degree of local inflammatory response decreased, as confirmed by decreasing numbers of pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype macrophages and levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-α in the urine of canines. We also found that RBM/CTS NPs suppress macrophage M1 polarization induced by lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ and inhibit the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Therefore, as a novel therapeutic strategy, intravesical administration of RBM/CTS NPs can effectively avoid drug intolerance and drug wastage, accelerating the postoperative wound repairing of the prostatic urethra by suppressing macrophage M1 phenotype polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghao Sun
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zheng Deng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fei Shi
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Chenyi Jiang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhilu Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiaoming Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China.
| | - Wentong Li
- Department of Pathology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China and Shandong Engineering Research Center for Smart Materials and Regenerative Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Yifeng Jing
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. and Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Bangmin Han
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. and Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Weifen Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China. and Shandong Engineering Research Center for Smart Materials and Regenerative Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Shujie Xia
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. and Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
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Understanding intracellular trafficking and anti-inflammatory effects of minocycline chitosan-nanoparticles in human gingival fibroblasts for periodontal disease treatment. Int J Pharm 2019; 572:118821. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hendrijantini N, Rostiny R, Kuntjoro M, Sidharta K, Wiyono DSP, Anindyanari A, Salim S. The Effect of Combination Spirulina-chitosan on Angiogenesis, Osteoclast, and Osteoblast Cells in Socket Models of Hyperglycemic Rattus norvegicus. Contemp Clin Dent 2019; 9:582-586. [PMID: 31772467 PMCID: PMC6868613 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_617_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prolongation of the inflammatory process in hyperglycemic interferes with bone formation, inhibits the healing process, and triggers bone resorption. A combination of spirulina and chitosan in the tooth socket of Rattus norvegicus is expected to promote the bone remodeling process. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of spirulina and chitosan on angiogenesis, osteoclast, and osteoblast cell in tooth socket models of type 1 diabetes. Materials and Methods A laboratory-based experiment involving 36 R. norvegicus, divided into three groups (nondiabetes mellitus (DM), uncontrolled DM, and controlled DM) and further divided into six subgroups. The controlled groups (K1, K2, and K3) were induced with 3% carboxymethyl cellulose Na, while the treated groups were induced with 12% spirulina and 20% chitosan. On the 14th day, the mandibles of the rats were removed. The capillary lumen, osteoblasts, and osteoclast cells were counted by hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal examination and the results analyzed by means of Shapiro-Wilk, Levene's, one-way ANOVA, and post hoc Tukey's honestly significant difference test. Results There was a significant increment in the number of capillary lumen, osteoblast cells, and a decrease in osteoclasts in all three treated groups (P1, P2, and P3). Conclusions A combination of spirulina and chitosan can effectively promote the healing process in postextraction sockets of type 1 DM R. norvegicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nike Hendrijantini
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Rostiny Rostiny
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Mefina Kuntjoro
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Kent Sidharta
- Department of Undergraduate student, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Dea Syarafina Putri Wiyono
- Department of Undergraduate student, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Alocitta Anindyanari
- Department of Undergraduate student, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Sherman Salim
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
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Xiong W, Ma H, Zhang Z, Jin M, Wang J, Xu Y, Wang Z. The protective effect of icariin and phosphorylated icariin against LPS-induced intestinal epithelial cells injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109246. [PMID: 31387006 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Icariin (ICA) and phosphorylated icariin (pICA) have excellent antiviral and antioxidant effects. However, whether ICA and pICA cause anti-LPS-induced intestinal damage remains unclear. In this study, we used Caco-2 cells as a model to investigate the protective effects of ICA and pICA on human colonic epithelial cells and explore their potential mechanisms. Our results indicated that ICA and pICA increased cell viability and decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity in Caco-2 cells. ICA and pICA also attenuated LPS-induced changes in intestinal epithelial cell permeability and reduced the levels of oxidative stress indicators, such as reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide, in Caco-2 cells. Antioxidant indicators, such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and total antioxidant capacity, were increased, while the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α were reduced in the ICA and pICA groups. Furthermore, ICA and pICA decreased the gene abundance and enzyme activities of caspase-3, -8, -9 and -10 in Caco-2 cells. Our data suggest that ICA and pICA effectively attenuated LPS-induced changes in the oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and intestinal permeability of intestinal epithelial cells. These findings provide new insight for treating LPS-induced intestinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xiong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Haoyue Ma
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zhu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Meilan Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yuwei Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zili Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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Vasconcelos DP, de Torre-Minguela C, Gomez AI, Águas AP, Barbosa MA, Pelegrín P, Barbosa JN. 3D chitosan scaffolds impair NLRP3 inflammasome response in macrophages. Acta Biomater 2019; 91:123-134. [PMID: 31003033 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan (Ch) is used in different biomedical applications to promote tissue repair. However, tissue injury caused by biomaterial implantation lead to the release of danger signals that engage different inflammatory pathways on the host. Different implanted materials activate the inflammasome leading to the modulation of the immune response. Here we have studied how macroscopic biomaterials, Ch scaffolds with different chemical composition: 4% or 15% degree of acetylation (DA) modulate the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in vitro. For that, we assessed the NLRP3 inflammasome in bone marrow derived mouse macrophages (BMDM) and human macrophages cultured within 3D Ch scaffolds. We found that both Ch scaffolds did not trigger the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. Furthermore, BMDMs and human macrophages cultured in both Ch scaffolds presented a reduction in the number of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase activating recruitment domain (ASC) specks and in IL-1β release upon classical NLRP3 inflammasome stimulation. We also found a decrease in proIL-1β in BMDMs after priming with LPS when cultured in Ch scaffolds with DA 4% DA after priming with LPS when compared to Ch scaffolds with 15% DA or to macrophages cultured in cell-culture plates. Our results shows that 3D Ch scaffolds with different DA impair NLRP3 inflammasome priming and activation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this research work we have assessed the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the macrophage response to 3D chitosan scaffolds with different degrees of acetylation (DA). To our knowledge this is the first work that demonstrates the modulatory capacity of 3D porous chitosan scaffolds in the NLRP3 inflammasome activation, because our results show that Ch scaffolds impair NLRP3 inflammasome assembly in macrophages. Interestingly, our results are in contrast with studies reported in the literature that indicate that chitosan is a powerful activator of the NLRP3 inflammasome in nanoscale chitosan products. Our studies that were performed in large scale chitosan scaffolds, stress out that the process of phagocytosis is pivotal in inflammasome assembly and activation, are rather important since they clearly illustrate the different role of the inflammasome in the biological response to large scale and nanoscale biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela P Vasconcelos
- i3S - Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-125 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-125 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos de Torre-Minguela
- Molecular Inflammation Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Carretera Buenavista, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana I Gomez
- Molecular Inflammation Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Carretera Buenavista, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Artur P Águas
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UMIB - Unit for Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research of ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário A Barbosa
- i3S - Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-125 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-125 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pablo Pelegrín
- Molecular Inflammation Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Carretera Buenavista, 30120 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Judite N Barbosa
- i3S - Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-125 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-125 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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Soh SH, Shim S, Im YB, Park HT, Cho CS, Yoo HS. Induction of Th2-related immune responses and production of systemic IgA in mice intranasally immunized with Brucella abortus malate dehydrogenase loaded chitosan nanoparticles. Vaccine 2019; 37:1554-1564. [PMID: 30792035 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the induction of mucosal immune responses by an important Brucella abortus antigen, malate dehydrogenase (Mdh), loaded in mucoadhesive chitosan nanoparticles (CNs) and immunized intranasally in a BALB/c mouse model. The production of cytokines was investigated in human leukemic monocyte cells (THP-1 cells) after stimulation with the nanoparticles. Mdh-loaded CNs (CNs-Mdh) induced higher interleukin (IL)-6 production than unloaded antigens and TF loaded CNs (CNs-TF). Using ELISpot to quantify cytokines and antibody-secreting cells in the intranasally immunized mice, IL-4 and IgG-secreting cells were found to be significantly increased at 4 weeks and 6 weeks post-immunization in the CNs-Mdh immunized group, respectively. Increases in Mdh-specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a antibodies were confirmed at 6 weeks after immunization, indicating a predominant IgG1 response. Analysis of the mucosal immune response in the intranasally immunized mice revealed, Mdh-specific IgA and total IgA in the nasal washes, genital secretions, fecal extracts and sera that were remarkably increased in the CNs-Mdh-immunized group compared to the CNs-TF-immunized group except total IgA of nasal wash. Therefore, the results indicated that the intranasal immunization of CNs-loaded B. abortus Mdh antigen effectively induced antigen-specific mucosal immune responses through the elicitation of Th2-related immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hee Soh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soojin Shim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Bin Im
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hong-Tae Park
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chong-Su Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology & Research Institute for Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Han Sang Yoo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Prevention of hepatic stellate cell activation using JQ1- and atorvastatin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles as a promising approach in therapy of liver fibrosis. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 134:96-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Wolf-Grosse S, Mollnes TE, Ali S, Stenvik J, Nilsen AM. Iron oxide nanoparticles enhance Toll-like receptor-induced cytokines in a particle size- and actin-dependent manner in human blood. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:1773-1785. [PMID: 30084726 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To assess the effects of different-sized iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) on inflammatory responses in human whole blood. Materials & methods: Human whole blood with and without 10 and 30 nm IONPs was incubated with Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. Cytokine levels, complement activation, reactive oxygen species and viability were determined. Results: The 10 nm IONPs enhanced the TLR2/6, TLR4 and partly TLR8-mediated cytokine production, whereas the 30 nm IONPs partly enhanced TLR2/6 and decreased TLR8-mediated cytokine production. Particle-mediated enhancement of TLR4-induced cytokines could not be explained by complement activation, but was dependent on TLR4/MD2 and CD14, as well as actin polymerization. Conclusion: The IONPs differentially affected the TLR ligand-induced cytokines, which has important implications for biomedical applications of IONPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Wolf-Grosse
- Department of Clinical & Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science & Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tom E Mollnes
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Norwegian University of Science & Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, 8092 Bodø, Norway.,Faculty of Health Sciences, K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research & Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Syed Ali
- Division of Neurotoxicology, US FDA/National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 501, USA
| | - Jørgen Stenvik
- Department of Clinical & Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science & Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Norwegian University of Science & Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Asbjørn M Nilsen
- Department of Clinical & Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science & Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Kadry MO, Abdel-Megeed RM, El-Meliegy E, Abdel-Hamid AHZ. Crosstalk between GSK-3, c-Fos, NFκB and TNF-α signaling pathways play an ambitious role in Chitosan Nanoparticles Cancer Therapy. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:723-727. [PMID: 30013938 PMCID: PMC6024197 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a promising era of medicine for developing targeted drug delivery system. Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) have attracted increasing attention for their wide applications as anticancer drugs. This article is concerned with the therapeutic index of chitosan nanoparticles against diethyl nitrosamine (DEN) induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC was induced in rats via repeated DEN administration in a dose of 200 mg/kg BW IP, 2 weeks later rats received (2 ml/kg BW) CCl4 orally for 2 months followed by daily treatment with chitosan nanoparticles in an oral dose of 12 mg/kg for 1 month. Then the gene expression of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), (c-FOS), nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB) and tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) were reported in rats sera and the correlation between GSK-3, C-Fos, NFƘB and TNF-α and liver tumorigenesis was investigated. The results elucidated that DEN significantly increased serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Marked increments in serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NOx) levels along with a slight reduction of glutathione (GSH) level were evidenced in HCC. Liver injury triggered an inflammatory response by enhancing the mRNA gene expression of NFκB and TNF-α. DEN effectively activated apoptotic markers GSK-3 and c-FOS. Oral administration of CNPs alleviated the oxidative, inflammatory and apoptotic hazards induced via DEN. The histopathological examination reinforced these results. The present study highlights the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic potentials of CNPs against DEN-induced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai O Kadry
- Biochemistry, Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Rehab M Abdel-Megeed
- Molecular Biology, Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Emad El-Meliegy
- Nanoceramics and technology, Department of biomaterials, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
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Vila L, García-Rodríguez A, Cortés C, Marcos R, Hernández A. Assessing the effects of silver nanoparticles on monolayers of differentiated Caco-2 cells, as a model of intestinal barrier. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 116:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Woraphatphadung T, Sajomsang W, Rojanarata T, Ngawhirunpat T, Tonglairoum P, Opanasopit P. Development of Chitosan-Based pH-Sensitive Polymeric Micelles Containing Curcumin for Colon-Targeted Drug Delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:991-1000. [PMID: 29110292 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0906-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
pH-sensitive N-naphthyl-N,O-succinyl chitosan (NSCS) and N-octyl-N,O-succinyl chitosan (OSCS) polymeric micelles carriers have been developed to incorporate curcumin (CUR) for colon-targeted drug delivery. The physical entrapment methods (dialysis, co-solvent evaporation, dropping, and O/W emulsion) were applied. The CUR-loaded micelles prepared by the dialysis method presented the highest loading capacity. Increasing initial amount of CUR from 5 to 40 wt% to polymer resulted in the increase in loading capacity of the polymeric micelles. Among the hydrophobic cores, there were no significant differences in the loading capacity of CUR-loaded micelles. The particle sizes of all CUR-loaded micelles were in the range of 120-338 nm. The morphology of the micelles changed after being contacted with medium with different pH values, confirming the pH-responsive properties of the micelles. The release characteristics of curcumin from all CUR-loaded micelles were pH-dependent. The percent cumulative release of curcumin from all CUR-loaded micelles in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) was limited to about 20%. However, the release amount was significantly increased after contacted with simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) (50-55%) and simulated colonic fluid (SCF) (60-70%). The released amount in SIF and SCF was significantly greater than the release of CUR from CUR powder. CUR-loaded NSCS exhibited the highest anti-cancer activity against HT-29 colorectal cancer cells. The stability studies indicated that all CUR-loaded micelles were stable for at least 90 days. Therefore, the colon targeted, pH-sensitive NSCS micelles may have potential to be a prospective candidate for curcumin delivery to the colon.
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Ahn M, Ko HJ, Kim J, Jang Y, Shin T. Evaluation of the inflammatory response to Kudoa septempunctata genotype ST3 isolated from olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) in Caco-2 cells. Parasite 2018; 25:12. [PMID: 29533763 PMCID: PMC5849418 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2018013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Kudoa septempunctata (Myxosporea, Multivalvulida) is a parasite of the trunk muscle of cultured olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). We investigated whether K. septempunctata genotype ST3 spores induce cell damage and the secretion of inflammatory mediators in Caco-2 cells, which exhibit characteristics similar to human intestinal epithelial cells. Purified K. septempunctata spores were heated at 95 °C for 5 min. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was measured to determine the efficacy of denaturation. Naïve and heated spores, lipopolysaccharide (positive control) and vehicle (negative control) were added to Caco-2 cells. Cells were subjected to the cytotoxic LDH assay and western blot analysis to examine the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Supernatants were collected to measure nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Most spores were denaturated by heating, and the spore morphology was found to be wrinkled with shell valves and polar capsules. In addition, cytotoxicity and inflammatory mediators, such as NO, PGE2, iNOS, and COX-2, remained unchanged in Caco-2 cells following exposure to naïve and heated spores compared with the positive controls. Collectively, the findings of this study imply that spores of K. septempunctata genotype ST3 do not cause inflammation in Caco-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meejung Ahn
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University,
Jeju
63243 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Ko
- It’s Hanbul Co., Ltd. Research Institute 4, Nonhyeon-dong 249, Gangnam-gu,
Seoul
06101 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongtae Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University,
Jeju
63243 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeounghwan Jang
- Ocean and Fisheries Research Institute, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Pyoseon-myeon, Segwipo-si,
Jeju
63629 Republic of Korea
| | - Taekyun Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University,
Jeju
63243 Republic of Korea
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