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Imran M, Sun Z, Abo-Elyousr KAM, Ali H, Aldayel MF, Li C. One stone two birds: Endophytes alleviating trace elements accumulation and suppressing soilborne pathogen by stimulating plant growth, photosynthetic potential and defense related gene expression. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135084. [PMID: 38991649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
In the present investigation, we utilized zinc nanoparticles (Zn-NPs) and bacterial endophytes to address the dual challenge of heavy metal (HM) toxicity in soil and Rhizoctonia solani causing root rot disease of tomato. The biocontrol potential of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was harnessed, resulting in profound inhibition of R. solani mycelial growth and efficient detoxification of HM through strong production of various hydrolytic enzymes and metabolites. Surprisingly, Zn-NPs exhibited notable efficacy in suppressing mycelial growth and enhancing the seed germination (%) while Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis unveiled key volatile compounds (VOCs) crucial for the inhibition of pathogen. Greenhouse trials underscored significant reduction in the disease severity (%) and augmented biomass in biocontrol-mediated plants by improving photosynthesis-related attributes. Interestingly, Zn-NPs and biocontrol treatments enhanced the antioxidant enzymes and mitigate oxidative stress indicator by increasing H2O2 concentration. Field experiments corroborated these findings, with biocontrol-treated plants, particularly those receiving consortia-mediated treatments, displayed significant reduction in disease severity (%) and enhanced the fruit yield under field conditions. Root analysis confirmed the effective detoxification of HM, highlighting the eco-friendly potential of these endophytes and Zn-NPs as fungicide alternative for sustainable production that foster soil structure, biodiversity and promote plant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Zhongke Sun
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Kamal A M Abo-Elyousr
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Assiut, Assiut 71526, Egypt; Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, 80208 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Haider Ali
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
| | - Munirah F Aldayel
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, 31982 Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Chengwei Li
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; College of Life Science, Henan Agriculture University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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2
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Sathiyabama M, Boomija RV, Muthukumar S, Gandhi M, Salma S, Prinsha TK, Rengasamy B. Green synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles using tea extract and its antimicrobial activity against economically important phytopathogens of rice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7381. [PMID: 38548964 PMCID: PMC10978976 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58066-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present work is to biosynthesize Chitosan nanoparticles (CTNp) using tea (Camellia sinensis) extract, with potent antimicrobial properties towards phytopathogens of rice. Preliminary chemical analysis of the extract showed that they contain carbohydrate as major compound and uronic acid indicating the nature of acidic polysaccharide. The structure of the isolated polysaccharide was analyzed through FTIR and 1H NMR. The CTNp was prepared by the addition of isolated tea polysaccharides to chitosan solution. The structure and size of the CTNp was determined through FTIR and DLS analyses. The surface morphology and size of the CTNp was analysed by SEM and HRTEM. The crystalinity nature of the synthesized nanoparticle was identified by XRD analysis. The CTNp exhibited the antimicrobial properties against the most devastating pathogens of rice viz., Pyricularia grisea, Xanthomonas oryzae under in vitro condition. CTNp also suppressed the blast and blight disease of rice under the detached leaf assay. These results suggest that the biosynthesized CTNp can be used to control the most devastating pathogens of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sathiyabama
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India.
| | - R V Boomija
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India
| | - S Muthukumar
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India
| | - M Gandhi
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India
| | - S Salma
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India
| | - T Kokila Prinsha
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India
| | - B Rengasamy
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India
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3
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Yu H, Su L, Jia W, Jia M, Pan H, Zhang X. Molecular Mechanism Underlying Pathogenicity Inhibition by Chitosan in Cochliobolus heterostrophus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3926-3936. [PMID: 38365616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Chitosan, as a natural nontoxic biomaterial, has been demonstrated to inhibit fungal growth and enhance plant defense against pathogen infection. However, the antifungal pattern and mechanism of how chitosan application evokes plant defense are poorly elucidated. Herein, we provide evidence that chitosan exposure is fungicidal to C. heterostrophus. Chitosan application impairs conidia germination and appressorium formation of C. heterostrophus and has a pronounced effect on reactive oxygen species production, thereby preventing infection in maize. In addition, the toxicity of chitosan to C. heterostrophus requires Mkk1 and Mps1, two key components in the cell wall integrity pathway. The Δmkk1 and Δmps1 mutants were more tolerant to chitosan than the wild-type. To dissect chitosan-mediated plant defense response to C. heterostrophus, we conducted a metabolomic analysis, and several antifungal compounds were upregulated in maize upon chitosan treatment. Taken together, our findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of chitosan-alleviated infection of C. heterostrophus, which would promote the application of chitosan in plant protection in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Yu
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Longhao Su
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Wantong Jia
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Mengjiao Jia
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Hongyu Pan
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xianghui Zhang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
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4
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Kgosiemang JL, Ramakuwela T, Figlan S, Cochrane N. Antifungal Effect of Metabolites from Bacterial Symbionts of Entomopathogenic Nematodes on Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:148. [PMID: 38392820 PMCID: PMC10890388 DOI: 10.3390/jof10020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungal diseases such as Fusarium head blight (FHB) are significant biotic stressors, negatively affecting wheat production and quality. This study explored the antifungal activity of the metabolites produced by the bacterial symbionts of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) against FHB-causing Fusarium sp. Fusarium graminearum. To achieve this, the symbiotic bacteria of nine EPN isolates from the EPN collection at the Agricultural Research Council-Small Grains (ARC-SG) were isolated from the cadavers of Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae after infection with EPNs. Broth cultures (crude) and their supernatants (filtered and autoclaved) of each bacterial isolate were used as bacterial metabolite treatments to test their inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth and spore germination of F. graminearum. Mycelial growth inhibition rates varied among both bacterial isolates and treatments. Crude metabolite treatments proved to be more effective than filtered and autoclaved metabolite treatments, with an overall inhibition rate of 75.25% compared to 23.93% and 13.32%, respectively. From the crude metabolite treatments, the Xenorhabdus khoisanae SGI 197 bacterial isolate from Steinernema beitlechemi SGI 197 had the highest mean inhibition rate of 96.25%, followed by Photorhabdus luminescens SGI 170 bacteria isolated from Heterorhabditis bacteriophora SGI 170 with a 95.79% mean inhibition rate. The filtered metabolite treatments of all bacterial isolates were tested for their inhibitory activity against Fusarium graminearum spore germination. Mean spore germination inhibition rates from Xenorhabdus spp. bacterial isolates were higher (83.91 to 96.29%) than those from Photorhabdus spp. (6.05 to 14.74%). The results obtained from this study suggest that EPN symbiotic bacterial metabolites have potential use as biological control agents of FHB. Although field efficacy against FHB was not studied, the significant inhibition of mycelial growth and spore germination suggest that the application of these metabolites at the flowering stage may provide protection to plants against infection with or spread of F. graminearum. These metabolites have the potential to be employed as part of integrated pest management (IPM) to inhibit/delay conidia germination until the anthesis (flowering stage) of wheat seedlings has passed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Leumo Kgosiemang
- Agricultural Research Council-Small Grains, Bethlehem 9701, South Africa
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Florida 1710, South Africa
| | - Tshimangadzo Ramakuwela
- Agricultural Research Council-Small Grains, Bethlehem 9701, South Africa
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Sandiswa Figlan
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Florida 1710, South Africa
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Brulé D, Héloir MC, Roudaire T, Villette J, Bonnet S, Pascal Y, Darblade B, Crozier P, Hugueney P, Coma V, Poinssot B. Increasing vineyard sustainability: innovating a targeted chitosan-derived biocontrol solution to induce grapevine resistance against downy and powdery mildews. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1360254. [PMID: 38384763 PMCID: PMC10879612 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1360254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The European Green Deal aims to reduce the pesticide use, notably by developing biocontrol products to protect crops from diseases. Indeed, the use of significant amounts of chemicals negatively impact the environment such as soil microbial biodiversity or groundwater quality, and human health. Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) was selected as one of the first targeted crop due to its economic importance and its dependence on fungicides to control the main damaging diseases worldwide: grey mold, downy and powdery mildews. Chitosan, a biopolymer extracted from crustacean exoskeletons, has been used as a biocontrol agent in many plant species, including grapevine, against a variety of cryptogamic diseases such as downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola), powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) and grey mold (Botrytis cinerea). However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying its mode of action remain unclear: is it a direct biopesticide effect or an indirect elicitation activity, or both? In this study, we investigated six chitosans with diverse degrees of polymerization (DP) ranging from low to high DP (12, 25, 33, 44, 100, and 470). We scrutinized their biological activities by evaluating both their antifungal properties and their abilities to induce grapevine immune responses. To investigate their elicitor activity, we analyzed their ability to induce MAPKs phosphorylation, the activation of defense genes and metabolite changes in grapevine. Our results indicate that the chitosans with a low DP are more effective in inducing grapevine defenses and possess the strongest biopesticide effect against B. cinerea and P. viticola. We identified chitosan with DP12 as the most efficient resistance inducer. Then, chitosan DP12 has been tested against downy and powdery mildews in the vineyard trials performed during the last three years. Results obtained indicated that a chitosan-based biocontrol product could be sufficiently efficient when the amount of pathogen inoculum is quite low and could be combined with only two fungicide treatments during whole season programs to obtain a good protection efficiency. On the whole, a chitosan-based biocontrol product could become an interesting alternative to meet the chemicals reduction targeted in sustainable viticulture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphnée Brulé
- UMR Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro Dijon, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Marie-Claire Héloir
- UMR Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro Dijon, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Thibault Roudaire
- UMR Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro Dijon, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Jérémy Villette
- UMR Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro Dijon, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Philippe Hugueney
- UMR-A 1131 Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin (SVQV), Université de Strasbourg, INRAE, Colmar, France
| | - Véronique Coma
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, UMR 5629, Pessac, France
| | - Benoit Poinssot
- UMR Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro Dijon, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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Mawale KS, Giridhar P. Chitosan nanoparticles modulate plant growth, and yield, as well as thrips infestation in Capsicum spp. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127682. [PMID: 37918609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the physiological and biochemical effects of Chitosan nanoparticles on Capsicum annuum plants. The particle size, polydispersity index, composition, and structure of the synthesized chitosan-based nanoparticles (Chitosan (CS), Chitosan-Silver (CSAg), and Chitosan-Copper (CSCu) NPs) were determined by analyzing the zeta potential, FTIR, TEM, and XRD. The seedlings showed improved physiological and biochemical characteristics when 1, 10, and 20 ppm concentrations of nanoparticles (CS, CSAg, and CSCu) were used for 24-h seed priming. The application of nanoparticles in different concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 ppm) on the leaves of Capsicum spp. plants resulted in improved physiological traits and protection against thrips by 70-85 %. Furthermore, it enhanced the content of chlorophyll (20-75 %), carotenoids (20-30 %), total phenolics (20-45 %), total flavonoids (40-125 %), reducing sugars (15-40 %), total antioxidant activity (10-82 %), FRAP (10-100 %), DPPH (76-83 mg mL-1) activity, and total capsaicinoids (125-142 %). Therefore, the use of chitosan-based nanoparticles could be considered an environmentally friendly approach to enhance secondary metabolite production, disease resistance, and growth in Capsicum spp. plants for sustainable production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Suresh Mawale
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Parvatam Giridhar
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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7
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El-Naggar NEA, Eltarahony M, Hafez EE, Bashir SI. Green fabrication of chitosan nanoparticles using Lavendula angustifolia, optimization, characterization and in‑vitro antibiofilm activity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11127. [PMID: 37429892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37660-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) are promising polymeric nanoparticles with exceptional physicochemical, antimicrobial and biological characteristics. The CNPs are preferred for a wide range of applications in the food industry, cosmetics, agriculture, medical, and pharmaceutical fields due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, eco-friendliness, and non-toxicity. In the current study, a biologically based approach was used to biofabricate CNPs using an aqueous extract of Lavendula angustifolia leaves as a reducing agent. The TEM images show that the CNPs were spherical in shape and ranged in size from 7.24 to 9.77 nm. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of several functional groups, including C-H, C-O, CONH2, NH2, C-OH and C-O-C. The crystalline nature of CNPs is demonstrated by X-ray diffraction. The thermogravimetric analysis revealed that CNPs are thermally stable. The CNPs' surface is positively charged and has a Zeta potential of 10 mV. For optimising CNPs biofabrication, a face-centered central composite design (FCCCD) with 50 experiments was used. The artificial intelligence-based approach was used to analyse, validate, and predict CNPs biofabrication. The optimal conditions for maximum CNPs biofabrication were theoretically determined using the desirability function and experimentally verified. The optimal conditions that maximize CNPs biofabrication (10.11 mg/mL) were determined to be chitosan concentration 0.5%, leaves extract 75%, and initial pH 4.24. The antibiofilm activity of CNPs was evaluated in‑vitro. The results show that 1500 μg/mL of CNPs suppressed P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and C. albicans biofilm formation by 91.83 ± 1.71%, 55.47 ± 2.12% and 66.4 ± 1.76%; respectively. The promising results of the current study in biofilm inhibition by necrotizing biofilm architecture, reducing its significant constituents and inhibiting microbial cell proliferation encourage their use as natural biosafe and biocompatible anti-adherent coating in antibiofouling membranes, medical bandage/tissues and food packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura El-Ahmady El-Naggar
- Department of Bioprocess Development, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt.
| | - Marwa Eltarahony
- Environmental Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
| | - Elsayed E Hafez
- Department of Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis, Arid Land Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El‑Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
| | - Shimaa I Bashir
- Department of Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis, Arid Land Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El‑Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
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Ibrahim E, Nasser R, Hafeez R, Ogunyemi SO, Abdallah Y, Khattak AA, Shou L, Zhang Y, Ahmed T, Atef Hatamleh A, Abdullah Al-Dosary M, M Ali H, Luo J, Li B. Biocontrol Efficacy of Endophyte Pseudomonas poae to Alleviate Fusarium Seedling Blight by Refining the Morpho-Physiological Attributes of Wheat. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2277. [PMID: 37375902 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Some endophyte bacteria can improve plant growth and suppress plant diseases. However, little is known about the potential of endophytes bacteria to promote wheat growth and suppress the Fusarium seedling blight pathogen Fusarium graminearum. This study was conducted to isolate and identify endophytic bacteria and evaluate their efficacy for the plant growth promotion and disease suppression of Fusarium seedling blight (FSB) in wheat. The Pseudomonas poae strain CO showed strong antifungal activity in vitro and under greenhouse conditions against F. graminearum strain PH-1. The cell-free supernatants (CFSs) of P. poae strain CO were able to inhibit the mycelium growth, the number of colonies forming, spore germination, germ tube length, and the mycotoxin production of FSB with an inhibition rate of 87.00, 62.25, 51.33, 69.29, and 71.08%, respectively, with the highest concentration of CFSs. The results indicated that P. poae exhibited multifarious antifungal properties, such as the production of hydrolytic enzymes, siderophores, and lipopeptides. In addition, compared to untreated seeds, wheat plants treated with the strain showed significant growth rates, where root and shoot length increased by about 33% and the weight of fresh roots, fresh shoots, dry roots, and dry shoots by 50%. In addition, the strain produced high levels of indole-3-acetic acid, phosphate solubilization, and nitrogen fixation. Finally, the strain demonstrated strong antagonistic properties as well as a variety of plant growth-promoting properties. Thus, this result suggest that this strain could be used as an alternate to synthetic chemicals, which can serve as an effective method of protecting wheat from fungal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezzeldin Ibrahim
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Vegetable Diseases Research, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre, Giza 12916, Egypt
| | - Raghda Nasser
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Elminya 61519, Egypt
| | - Rahila Hafeez
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Solabomi Olaitan Ogunyemi
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yasmine Abdallah
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Arif Ali Khattak
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Linfei Shou
- Station for the Plant Protection & Quarantine and Control of Agrochemicals Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310004, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Temoor Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ashraf Atef Hatamleh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munirah Abdullah Al-Dosary
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayssam M Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jinyan Luo
- Department of Plant Quarantine, Shanghai Extension and Service Center of Agriculture Technology, Shanghai 201103, China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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9
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Yin J, Su X, Yan S, Shen J. Multifunctional Nanoparticles and Nanopesticides in Agricultural Application. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13071255. [PMID: 37049348 PMCID: PMC10096623 DOI: 10.3390/nano13071255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The unscientific application of pesticides can easily cause a series of ecological environmental safety issues, which seriously restrict the sustainable development of modern agriculture. The great progress in nanotechnology has allowed the continuous development of plant protection strategies. The nanonization and delivery of pesticides offer many advantages, including their greater absorption and conduction by plants, improved efficacy, reduced dosage, delayed resistance, reduced residues, and protection from natural enemies and beneficial insects. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in multifunctional nanoparticles and nanopesticides. The definition of nanopesticides, the types of nanoparticles used in agriculture and their specific synergistic mechanisms are introduced, their safety is evaluated, and their future application prospects, about which the public is concerned, are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Yin
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
- College of Plant Protection, Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Xiaofeng Su
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Shuo Yan
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
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10
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El-Naggar NEA, Dalal SR, Zweil AM, Eltarahony M. Artificial intelligence-based optimization for chitosan nanoparticles biosynthesis, characterization and in‑vitro assessment of its anti-biofilm potentiality. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4401. [PMID: 36928367 PMCID: PMC10019797 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30911-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) are promising biopolymeric nanoparticles with excellent physicochemical, antimicrobial, and biological properties. CNPs have a wide range of applications due to their unique characteristics, including plant growth promotion and protection, drug delivery, antimicrobials, and encapsulation. The current study describes an alternative, biologically-based strategy for CNPs biosynthesis using Olea europaea leaves extract. Face centered central composite design (FCCCD), with 50 experiments was used for optimization of CNPs biosynthesis. The artificial neural network (ANN) was employed for analyzing, validating, and predicting CNPs biosynthesis using Olea europaea leaves extract. Using the desirability function, the optimum conditions for maximum CNPs biosynthesis were determined theoretically and verified experimentally. The highest experimental yield of CNPs (21.15 mg CNPs/mL) was obtained using chitosan solution of 1%, leaves extract solution of 100%, initial pH 4.47, and incubation time of 60 min at 53.83°C. The SEM and TEM images revealed that CNPs had a spherical form and varied in size between 6.91 and 11.14 nm. X-ray diffraction demonstrates the crystalline nature of CNPs. The surface of the CNPs is positively charged, having a Zeta potential of 33.1 mV. FTIR analysis revealed various functional groups including C-H, C-O, CONH2, NH2, C-OH and C-O-C. The thermogravimetric investigation indicated that CNPs are thermally stable. The CNPs were able to suppress biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and C. albicans at concentrations ranging from 10 to 1500 µg/mL in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition of biofilm formation was associated with suppression of metabolic activity, protein/exopolysaccharide moieties, and hydrophobicity of biofilm encased cells (r ˃ 0.9, P = 0.00). Due to their small size, in the range of 6.91 to 11.14 nm, CNPs produced using Olea europaea leaves extract are promising for applications in the medical and pharmaceutical industries, in addition to their potential application in controlling multidrug-resistant microorganisms, especially those associated with post COVID-19 pneumonia in immunosuppressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura El-Ahmady El-Naggar
- Department of Bioprocess Development, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Shimaa R Dalal
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amal M Zweil
- Plant Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Marwa Eltarahony
- Environmental Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
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11
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Francesconi S, Ronchetti R, Camaioni E, Giovagnoli S, Sestili F, Palombieri S, Balestra GM. Boosting Immunity and Management against Wheat Fusarium Diseases by a Sustainable, Circular Nanostructured Delivery Platform. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1223. [PMID: 36986912 PMCID: PMC10054448 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Fusarium crown rot (FCR) are managed by the application of imidazole fungicides, which will be strictly limited by 2030, as stated by the European Green Deal. Here, a novel and eco-sustainable nanostructured particle formulation (NPF) is presented by following the principles of the circular economy. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and resistant starch were obtained from the bran of a high amylose (HA) bread wheat and employed as carrier and excipient, while chitosan and gallic acid were functionalized as antifungal and elicitor active principles. The NPF inhibited conidia germination and mycelium growth, and mechanically interacted with conidia. The NPF optimally reduced FHB and FCR symptoms in susceptible bread wheat genotypes while being biocompatible on plants. The expression level of 21 genes involved in the induction of innate immunity was investigated in Sumai3 (FHB resistant) Cadenza (susceptible) and Cadenza SBEIIa (a mutant characterized by high-amylose starch content) and most of them were up-regulated in Cadenza SBEIIa spikes treated with the NPF, indicating that this genotype may possess an interesting genomic background particularly responsive to elicitor-like molecules. Quantification of fungal biomass revealed that the NPF controlled FHB spread, while Cadenza SBEIIa was resistant to FCR fungal spread. The present research work highlights that the NPF is a powerful weapon for FHB sustainable management, while the genome of Cadenza SBEIIa should be investigated deeply as particularly responsive to elicitor-like molecules and resistant to FCR fungal spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Francesconi
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ronchetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Emidio Camaioni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Giovagnoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Sestili
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Samuela Palombieri
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Mariano Balestra
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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Dutta P, Kumari A, Mahanta M, Upamanya G, Heisnam P, Borua S, Kaman PK, Mishra AK, Mallik M, Muthukrishnan G, Sabarinathan KG, Puzari KR, Vijayreddy D. Nanotechnological approaches for management of soil-borne plant pathogens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1136233. [PMID: 36875565 PMCID: PMC9981975 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1136233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil borne pathogens are significant contributor of plant yield loss globally. The constraints in early diagnosis, wide host range, longer persistence in soil makes their management cumbersome and difficult. Therefore, it is crucial to devise innovative and effective management strategy to combat the losses caused by soil borne diseases. The use of chemical pesticides is the mainstay of current plant disease management practices that potentially cause ecological imbalance. Nanotechnology presents a suitable alternative to overcome the challenges associated with diagnosis and management of soil-borne plant pathogens. This review explores the use of nanotechnology for the management of soil-borne diseases using a variety of strategies, such as nanoparticles acting as a protectant, as carriers of actives like pesticides, fertilizers, antimicrobials, and microbes or by promoting plant growth and development. Nanotechnology can also be used for precise and accurate detection of soil-borne pathogens for devising efficient management strategy. The unique physico-chemical properties of nanoparticles allow greater penetration and interaction with biological membrane thereby increasing its efficacy and releasability. However, the nanoscience specifically agricultural nanotechnology is still in its toddler stage and to realize its full potential, extensive field trials, utilization of pest crop host system and toxicological studies are essential to tackle the fundamental queries associated with development of commercial nano-formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranab Dutta
- School of Crop Protection, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Imphal, India
| | - Arti Kumari
- School of Crop Protection, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Imphal, India
| | - Madhusmita Mahanta
- School of Crop Protection, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Imphal, India
| | - Gunadhya Kr Upamanya
- Sarat Chandra Singha (SCS) College of Agriculture, Assam Agricultural University, Dhubri, India
| | - Punabati Heisnam
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Pasighat, India
| | - Sarodee Borua
- Krishi Vigya Kendra (KVK)-Tinsukia, Assam Agricultural University, Tinsukia, India
| | - Pranjal K. Kaman
- Department of Plant Pathology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - A. K. Mishra
- Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Muzaffarpur, India
| | - Meenakshi Mallik
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Centre for Integrated Pest management (ICAR-NCIPM), Pusa, New Delhi, India
| | - Gomathy Muthukrishnan
- Agricultural College and Research Institute, Killikulam, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Tuticorin, India
| | - Kuttalingam G. Sabarinathan
- Agricultural College and Research Institute, Killikulam, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Tuticorin, India
| | - Krishti Rekha Puzari
- School of Crop Protection, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Imphal, India
| | - Dumpapenchala Vijayreddy
- School of Crop Protection, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Imphal, India
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13
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Deep Chemical and Physico-Chemical Characterization of Antifungal Industrial Chitosans-Biocontrol Applications. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28030966. [PMID: 36770629 PMCID: PMC9919833 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Five different chitosan samples (CHI-1 to CHI-5) from crustacean shells with high deacetylation degrees (>93%) have been deeply characterized from a chemical and physicochemical point of view in order to better understand the impact of some parameters on the bioactivity against two pathogens frequently encountered in vineyards, Plasmopara viticola and Botrytis cinerea. All the samples were analyzed by SEC-MALS, 1H-NMR, elemental analysis, XPS, FTIR, mass spectrometry, pyrolysis, and TGA and their antioxidant activities were measured (DPPH method). Molecular weights were in the order: CHI-4 and CHI-5 (MW >50 kDa) > CHI-3 > CHI-2 and CHI-1 (MW < 20 kDa). CHI-1, CHI-2 and CHI-3 are under their hydrochloride form, CHI-4 and CHI-5 are under their NH2 form, and CHI-3 contains a high amount of a chitosan calcium complex. CHI-2 and CHI-3 showed higher scavenging activity than others. The bioactivity against B. cinerea was molecular weight dependent with an IC50 for CHI-1 = CHI-2 (13 mg/L) ≤ CHI-3 (17 mg/L) < CHI-4 (75 mg/L) < CHI-5 (152 mg/L). The bioactivity on P. viticola zoospores was important, even at a very low concentration for all chitosans (no moving spores between 1 and 0.01 g/L). These results show that even at low concentrations and under hydrochloride form, chitosan could be a good alternative to pesticides.
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El-Naggar NEA, Bashir SI, Rabei NH, Saber WIA. Innovative biosynthesis, artificial intelligence-based optimization, and characterization of chitosan nanoparticles by Streptomyces microflavus and their inhibitory potential against Pectobacterium carotovorum. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21851. [PMID: 36528632 PMCID: PMC9759534 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25726-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial-based strategy in nanotechnology offers economic, eco-friendly, and biosafety advantages over traditional chemical and physical protocols. The current study describes a novel biosynthesis protocol for chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs), employing a pioneer Streptomyces sp. strain NEAE-83, which exhibited a significant potential for CNPs biosynthesis. It was identified as Streptomyces microflavus strain NEAE-83 based on morphological, and physiological properties as well as the 16S rRNA sequence (GenBank accession number: MG384964). CNPs were characterized by SEM, TEM, EDXS, zeta potential, FTIR, XRD, TGA, and DSC. CNPs biosynthesis was maximized using a mathematical model, face-centered central composite design (CCFCD). The highest yield of CNPs (9.41 mg/mL) was obtained in run no. 27, using an initial pH of 5.5, 1% chitosan, 40 °C, and a 12 h incubation period. Innovatively, the artificial neural network (ANN), was used for validating and predicting CNPs biosynthesis based on the trials data of CCFCD. Despite the high precision degree of both models, ANN was supreme in the prediction of CNPs biosynthesis compared to CCFCD. ANN had a higher prediction efficacy and, lower error values (RMSE, MDA, and SSE). CNPs biosynthesized by Streptomyces microflavus strain NEAE-83 showed in-vitro antibacterial activity against Pectobacterium carotovorum, which causes the potato soft rot. These results suggested its potential application for controlling the destructive potato soft rot diseases. This is the first report on the biosynthesis of CNPs using a newly isolated; Streptomyces microflavus strain NEAE-83 as an eco-friendly approach and optimization of the biosynthesis process by artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura El-Ahmady El-Naggar
- grid.420020.40000 0004 0483 2576Department of Bioprocess Development, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria 21934 Egypt
| | - Shimaa I. Bashir
- grid.420020.40000 0004 0483 2576Department of Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis, Arid Land Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria 21934 Egypt
| | - Nashwa H. Rabei
- grid.420020.40000 0004 0483 2576Department of Bioprocess Development, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria 21934 Egypt
| | - WesamEldin I. A. Saber
- grid.418376.f0000 0004 1800 7673Microbial Activity Unit, Department of Microbiology, Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, 12619 Egypt
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15
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Hameed A, Poznanski P, Noman M, Ahmed T, Iqbal A, Nadolska-Orczyk A, Orczyk W. Barley Resistance to Fusarium graminearum Infections: From Transcriptomics to Field with Food Safety Concerns. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:14571-14587. [PMID: 36350344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change and the urgency to transform food crops require substantial breeding efforts to meet the food security challenges. Barley, an important cereal, has remained a preferential host of phytotoxic diseases caused by the Fusarium graminearum that not only severely reduces the crop yield but also compromises its food quality due to the accumulation of mycotoxins. To develop resistance against Fusarium infections, a better understanding of the host-pathogen interaction is inevitable and could be tracked through molecular insights. Here, we focused precisely on the potential gene targets that are exclusive to this devastating pathosystem and could be harnessed for fast breeding of barley. We also discuss the eco-friendly applications of nanobio hybrid and the CRISPR technology for barley protection. This review covers the critical information gaps within the subject and may be useful for the sustainable improvement of barley from the perspective of food and environmental safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hameed
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Radzików 05-870, Błonie, Poland
| | - Pawel Poznanski
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Radzików 05-870, Błonie, Poland
| | - Muhammad Noman
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Temoor Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Adnan Iqbal
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Radzików 05-870, Błonie, Poland
| | - Anna Nadolska-Orczyk
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Radzików 05-870, Błonie, Poland
| | - Wacław Orczyk
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Radzików 05-870, Błonie, Poland
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16
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El-Naggar NEA, Shiha AM, Mahrous H, Mohammed ABA. Green synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles, optimization, characterization and antibacterial efficacy against multi drug resistant biofilm-forming Acinetobacter baumannii. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19869. [PMID: 36400832 PMCID: PMC9674591 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24303-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) are promising versatile cationic polymeric nanoparticles, which have received growing interest over last few decades. The biocompatibility, biodegradability, environmental safety and non-toxicity of the chitosan nanoparticles makes it preferred for a wide range of biological applications including agriculture, medical and pharmaceutical fields. In this study, CNPs were biosynthesized by aqueous extract of Eucalyptus globulus Labill fresh leaves as bio-reductant. Box-Behnken design in 29 experimental runs was used for optimization of different factors affecting the production of CNPs. The maximum yield of CNPs was 9.91 mg/mL at pH of 4.5, chitosan concentration of 1%, incubation time of 60 min and temperature of 50 °C. The crystallinity, particle size and morphology of the biosynthesized CNPs were characterized. The CNPs possess a positively charged surface of 31.1 mV. The SEM images of the CNPs confirms the formation of spherical form with smooth surface. The TEM images show CNPs were spherical in shape and their size range was between 6.92 and 10.10 nm. X-ray diffraction indicates the high degree of CNPs crystallinity. FTIR analysis revealed various functional groups of organic compounds including NH, NH2, C-H, C-O, C-N, O-H, C-C, C-OH and C-O-C. The thermogravimetric analysis results revealed that CNPs are thermally stable. The antibacterial activity of CNPs was determined against pathogenic multidrug-resistant bacteria, Acinetobacter baumannii. The diameters of the inhibition zones were 12, 16 and 30 mm using the concentrations of 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/mL; respectively. When compared to previous studies, the biosynthesized CNPs produced using an aqueous extract of fresh Eucalyptus globulus Labill leaves have the smallest particle sizes (with a size range between 6.92 and 10.10 nm). Consequently, it is a promising candidate for a diverse range of medical applications and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura El-Ahmady El-Naggar
- Department of Bioprocess Development, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt.
| | - Alaa M Shiha
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, El Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Hoda Mahrous
- Industrial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, El Sadat City, Egypt
| | - A B Abeer Mohammed
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, El Sadat City, Egypt
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Kumar R, Kumar N, Rajput VD, Mandzhieva S, Minkina T, Saharan BS, Kumar D, Sadh PK, Duhan JS. Advances in Biopolymeric Nanopesticides: A New Eco-Friendly/Eco-Protective Perspective in Precision Agriculture. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12223964. [PMID: 36432250 PMCID: PMC9692690 DOI: 10.3390/nano12223964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are essential to contemporary agriculture and are required to safeguard plants from hazardous pests, diseases, and weeds. In addition to harming the environment, overusing these pesticides causes pests to become resistant over time. Alternative methods and agrochemicals are therefore required to combat resistance. A potential solution to pesticide resistance and other issues may be found in nanotechnology. Due to their small size, high surface-area-to-volume ratio, and ability to offer novel crop protection techniques, nanoformulations, primarily biopolymer-based ones, can address specific agricultural concerns. Several biopolymers can be employed to load pesticides, including starch, cellulose, chitosan, pectin, agar, and alginate. Other biopolymeric nanomaterials can load pesticides for targeted delivery, including gums, carrageenan, galactomannans, and tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP). Aside from presenting other benefits, such as reduced toxicity, increased stability/shelf life, and improved pesticide solubility, biopolymeric systems are also cost-effective; readily available; biocompatible; biodegradable; and biosafe (i.e., releasing associated active compounds gradually, without endangering the environment) and have a low carbon footprint. Additionally, biopolymeric nanoformulations support plant growth while improving soil aeration and microbial activity, which may favor the environment. The present review provides a thorough analysis of the toxicity and release behavior of biopolymeric nanopesticides for targeted delivery in precision crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa 125055, India
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Regional Forensic Science Laboratory, Mandi 175002, India
| | - Vishnu D. Rajput
- Academy of Biology, and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Saglara Mandzhieva
- Academy of Biology, and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology, and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Baljeet Singh Saharan
- Department of Microbiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
| | | | - Pardeep Kumar Sadh
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa 125055, India
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Inhibition of Chitosan with Different Molecular Weights on Barley-Borne Fusarium graminearum during Barley Malting Process for Improving Malt Quality. Foods 2022; 11:foods11193058. [PMID: 36230134 PMCID: PMC9564282 DOI: 10.3390/foods11193058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many Fusarium graminearum contaminations in barley that are often associated with malt and beer quality issues. Thus, it is important to find a biological antifungal agent to prevent the growth of F. graminearum during malting. Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of chitosan for mycelial growth and spore germination of F. graminearum was 2.6 g/L and 1.6 g/L, respectively, indicating that the F. graminearum strain was highly sensitive toward chitosan. Chitosan with a molecular weight of 102.7 kDa was added at 0.5 g/kg during the first steeping stage, resulting in the maximum inhibition rate of F. graminearm in barley. The biomass of F. graminearm and deoxynivalenol content in the infected barley at the end of germination with 0.5 g/kg chitosan treatment were decreased by 50.7% and 70.5%, respectively, when compared with the infected barley without chitosan. Chitosan could remove the negative effects of F. graminearm infection on barley germination and malt quality, which makes the application of chitosan during the steeping process as a potential antifungal agent in the malting process to protect from F. graminearum infection.
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Acay H, Yildirim A, Güney İG, Derviş S. Morchella esculenta‐
based chitosan bionanocomposites: Evaluation as an antifungal agent. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.17117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Acay
- Mardin Artuklu University Faculty of Health Science, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Mardin Turkey
| | - Ayfer Yildirim
- Mardin Artuklu University Vocational School of Health Services Mardin Turkey
| | - İnci Güler Güney
- Mardin Artuklu University Kızıltepe Vocational High School, Department of Plant and Animal Production Mardin Turkey
| | - Sibel Derviş
- Mardin Artuklu University Kızıltepe Vocational High School, Department of Plant and Animal Production Mardin Turkey
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Graphene oxide modification enhances the activity of chitosan against Fusarium graminearum in vitro and in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 219:1112-1121. [PMID: 36049564 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum (F. graminearum), a pathogen for Fusarium head blight (FHB) on wheat, significantly reduces wheat yield and poses potential threats to human food safety. In this study, graphene oxide (GO) modified chitosan (GO-CS composite) was synthesized and its antifungal activity against F. graminearum in vitro and in vivo was evaluated. The 1HNMR and FTIR results revealed the reaction between the carboxyl groups in GO and the amino groups in chitosan (CS). In vitro, the combination of GO and CS resulted in a significant synergistic inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of F. graminearum relative to single GO or CS. The EC50 value of the GO-CS composite was 14.07 μg/mL, which was much lower than that of GO or CS alone. In vivo, the GO-CS composite significantly reduced the disease incidence and severity compared with single GO or CS, and the control efficacy could reach 60.01 %. Microbial cells might be ultimately damaged when interacting with GO-CS due to various mechanisms such as biological effects and physical barriers. Overall, the combination of GO and CS provides new opportunities for their application in the control of fungi.
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Ezzouine N, El Kaim Billah R, Soufiane A, Esserti S, Belfaiza M, Rifai LA, Makroum K, Koussa T, Faize L, Alburquerque N, Burgos L, Venisse JS, Faize M. Protection of Solanum lycopesicum induced by chitosan and chitosan nano-hydroxyapatite against Pepino mosaic virus and Verticillium dahliae. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Combination of Bacillus velezensis RC218 and Chitosan to Control Fusarium Head Blight on Bread and Durum Wheat under Greenhouse and Field Conditions. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14070499. [PMID: 35878237 PMCID: PMC9323812 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14070499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto is, worldwide, the main causal agent of Fusarium head blight in small cereal crops such as wheat, barley, and oat. The pathogen causes not only reductions in yield and grain quality but also contamination with type-B trichothecenes such as deoxynivalenol. Prevention strategies include the use of less susceptible cultivars through breeding programs, cultural practices, crop rotation, fungicide application, or a combination of them through an integrated pest management. Additionally, the use of more eco-friendly strategies by the evaluation of microorganisms and natural products is increasing. The effect of combining Bacillus velezensis RC218 and chitosan on Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) and deoxynivalenol accumulation under greenhouse and field conditions in bread and durum wheat was evaluated. Under greenhouse conditions, both B. velezensis RC218 and chitosan (0.1%) demonstrated FHB control, diminishing the severity by 38 and 27%, respectively, while the combined treatment resulted in an increased reduction of 54% on bread wheat. Field trials on bread wheat showed a biocontrol reduction in FHB by 18 to 53%, and chitosan was effective only during the first year (48% reduction); surprisingly, the combination of these active principles allowed the control of FHB disease severity by 39 and 36.7% during the two harvest seasons evaluated (2017/18, 2018/19). On durum wheat, the combined treatment showed a 54.3% disease severity reduction. A reduction in DON accumulation in harvested grains was observed for either bacteria, chitosan, or their combination, with reductions of 50.3, 68, and 64.5%, respectively, versus the control.
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Relationship between the Antifungal Activity of Chitosan-Capsaicin Nanoparticles and the Oxidative Stress Response on Aspergillus parasiticus. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142774. [PMID: 35890550 PMCID: PMC9322876 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The fungus Aspergillus parasiticus is a contaminant in agricultural crops and its eradication involves the indiscriminate use of harmful synthetic pesticides. In the search for antifungal agents of natural origin, chitosan (Q) and capsaicin (C) are coupled in the form of nanoparticles (Np), which can possess a direct application under specific conditions. Due to their small size, Np can cross through the cell wall, taking the cells into a pro-oxidant environment known as “oxidative stress”, which presents when the reactive oxygen species (ROS) surpass the number of antioxidants in the cell. In the present investigation, nanoparticles of chitosan (Np Q) and nanoparticles of chitosan-capsaicin (Np QC) with an average diameter of 44.8 ± 20.6 nm and 111.1 ± 14.1 nm, respectively, were synthesized, and there was a zeta potential of + 25.6 ± 0.7 mV and + 26.8 ± 6.1 mV, respectively. The effect of the concentration of Np Q (A, B, C, and D), of Np QC (A, B, C, and D), and capsaicin in a solution (control) was evaluated on the viability of the spores, the accumulation of intracellular ROS, and the morphometric changes of A. parasiticus. Acute toxicity of the Np was determined utilizing bioassays with Artemia salina, and acute phytotoxicity was evaluated in lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa). According to ROS results, capsaicin (control) did not induce oxidative stress in the cell; otherwise, it was observed to have an elevated (p < 0.05) accumulation of ROS when the concentration of Np Q increased. For both, Np Q and Np QC, an inverse physiological pattern relating spore viability and ROS accumulation in the fungus was found; the viability of spores decreased as the ROS accumulation increased. The spore viability of A. parasiticus diminished upon increasing the concentration of chitosan (0.3−0.4 mg/mL) in the Np, while the intracellular accumulation of ROS increased proportionally to the concentration of the nanomaterials in the treatments of Np Q and Np QC. On the other hand, Np QC presented a lower (p < 0.05) toxicological effect in comparison with Np Q, which indicates that the incorporation of bioactive compounds, such as capsaicin, into nanoparticles of chitosan is a strategy that permits the reduction of the toxicity associated with nanostructured materials.
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Kumar A, Choudhary A, Kaur H, Guha S, Mehta S, Husen A. Potential Applications of Engineered Nanoparticles in Plant Disease Management: A Critical Update. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 295:133798. [PMID: 35122813 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant diseases caused by pathogenic entities pose severe issues to global food security. Effective sensory applications and tools for the effective determination of plant diseases become crucial to the assurance of food supply and agricultural sustainability. Antibody-mediated molecular assays and nucleic acid are gold-standard approaches for plant disease diagnosis, but the evaluating methodologies are liable, complex, and laborious. With the rise in global food demand, escalating the food production in threats of diverse pathogen ranges, and climate change is a major challenge. Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) have been inserted into conventional laboratory sequence technologies or molecular assays that provide a remarkable increment in selectivity and sensitivity. In the present scenario, they are useful in plant disease management as well as in plant health monitoring. The use of NPs could sustainably mitigate numerous food security issues and or threats in disease management by decreasing the risk of chemical inputs and alleviating supra detection of pathogens. Overall, this review paper discusses the role of NPs in plant diseases management, available commercial products. Additionally, the future directions and their regulatory laws in the usage of the nano-diagnostic approach for plant health monitoring have been explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antul Kumar
- Department of Botany, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Anuj Choudhary
- Department of Botany, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Harmanjot Kaur
- Department of Botany, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Satyakam Guha
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Sahil Mehta
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India; School of Agricultural Sciences, K.R. Mangalam University, Sohna Rural, Haryana, 122103, India
| | - Azamal Husen
- Wolaita Sodo University, P.O. Box: 138, Wolaita, Ethiopia.
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Lemke P, Jünemann L, Moerschbacher BM. Synergistic Antimicrobial Activities of Chitosan Mixtures and Chitosan–Copper Combinations. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063345. [PMID: 35328766 PMCID: PMC8951000 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several recent studies revealed the significant contribution of intensive agriculture to global climate change and biodiversity decline. However, synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, which are among the main reasons for these negative effects, are required to achieve the high performance of elite crops needed to feed the growing world population. Modern agro-biologics, such as biopesticides, biostimulants, and biofertilizers are intended to replace or reduce the current agro-chemicals, but the former are often difficult to combine with the latter. Chitosans, produced from the fisheries’ byproduct chitin, are among the most promising agro-biologics, and copper fungicides are among the most widely used plant protectants in organic farming. However, the two active ingredients tend to form precipitates, hindering product development. Here, we show that partial hydrolysis of a chitosan polymer can yield a mixture of smaller polymers and oligomers that act synergistically in their antifungal activity. The low molecular weight (Mw) of this hydrolysate allows its combination with copper acetate, again leading to a synergistic effect. Combined, these synergies allow a 50% reduction in copper concentration, while maintaining the antifungal activity. This is potentially a significant step towards a more sustainable agriculture.
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Deshaies M, Lamari N, Ng CKY, Ward P, Doohan FM. The impact of chitosan on the early metabolomic response of wheat to infection by Fusarium graminearum. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:73. [PMID: 35183130 PMCID: PMC8857839 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03451-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chitosan has shown potential for the control of Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease caused by Fusarium graminearum. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of chitosan hydrochloride applied pre- or post-fungal inoculation on FHB and to better understand its' mode of action via an untargeted metabolomics study. RESULTS Chitosan inhibited fungal growth in vitro and, when sprayed on the susceptible wheat cultivar Remus 24 hours pre-inoculation with F. graminearum, it significantly reduced the number of infected spikelets at 7, 14 and 21 days post-inoculation. Chitosan pre-treatment also increased the average grain weight per head, the number of grains per head and the 1000-grain weight compared to the controls sprayed with water. No significant impact of chitosan on grain yield was observed when the plants were sprayed 24 hours post-inoculation with F. graminearum, even if it did result in a reduced number of infected spikelets at every time point. An untargeted metabolomic study using UHPLC-QTOF-MS on wheat spikes revealed that spraying the spikes with both chitosan and F. graminearum activated known FHB resistance pathways (e.g. jasmonic acid). Additionally, more metabolites were up- or down-regulated when both chitosan and F. graminearum spores were sprayed on the spikes (117), as compared with chitosan (51) or F. graminearum on their own (32). This included a terpene, a terpenoid and a liminoid previously associated with FHB resistance. CONCLUSIONS In this study we showed that chitosan hydrochloride inhibited the spore germination and hyphal development of F. graminearum in vitro, triggered wheat resistance against infection by F. graminearum when used as a pre-inoculant, and highlighted metabolites and pathways commonly and differentially affected by chitosan, the pathogen and both agents. This study provides insights into how chitosan might provide protection or stimulate wheat resistance to infection by F. graminearum. It also unveiled new putatively identified metabolites that had not been listed in previous FHB or chitosan-related metabolomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Deshaies
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, UCD Centre for Plant Science, and UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, O'Brien Centre for Science, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- Envirotech Innovative Products Ltd, NovaUCD, Belfield Innovation Park, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nadia Lamari
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, UCD Centre for Plant Science, and UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, O'Brien Centre for Science, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- Philip Morris International, Quai Jeanrenaud 3, 2000, Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Carl K Y Ng
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, UCD Centre for Plant Science, and UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, O'Brien Centre for Science, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrick Ward
- Envirotech Innovative Products Ltd, NovaUCD, Belfield Innovation Park, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona M Doohan
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, UCD Centre for Plant Science, and UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, O'Brien Centre for Science, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
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Hao G, Tiley H, McCormick S. Chitin Triggers Tissue-Specific Immunity in Wheat Associated With Fusarium Head Blight. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:832502. [PMID: 35222488 PMCID: PMC8864176 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.832502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is one of the primary causal agents of Fusarium head blight (FHB) on wheat and barley. FHB reduces grain yield and contaminates grain with various mycotoxins, including deoxynivalenol (DON). DON acts as a virulence factor to promote the fungus passing the rachis node and spreading throughout the head of wheat but not barley. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are one of the earliest defense responses during plant and pathogen interactions. However, the complex roles of ROS during FHB development remain unclear. We investigated immune responses in wheat triggered by chitin, a major component of fungal cell walls. Although no ROS burst was detected in chitin-treated wheat leaves from eight tested varieties, a robust ROS peak was triggered by chitin in tested barley leaves. Interestingly, ROS were induced by chitin in wheat rachises and rachis nodes, which are critical barriers for FHB spread in wheat. We demonstrated that ROS were induced in wheat rachis nodes from both FHB susceptible and resistant wheat varieties. Further, we showed different defense gene expression patterns in rachis nodes and wheat heads treated with chitin, and wheat heads inoculated with F. graminearum. Our study showed the tissue-specific immune responses induced by chitin in wheat, which may play an important role during F. graminearum infection.
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Hamza MF, Hamad DM, Hamad NA, Abdel-Rahman AAH, Fouda A, Wei Y, Guibal E, El-Etrawy AAS. Functionalization of magnetic chitosan microparticles for high-performance removal of chromate from aqueous solutions and tannery effluent. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL 2022; 428:131775. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.131775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Kumar R, Najda A, Duhan JS, Kumar B, Chawla P, Klepacka J, Malawski S, Kumar Sadh P, Poonia AK. Assessment of Antifungal Efficacy and Release Behavior of Fungicide-Loaded Chitosan-Carrageenan Nanoparticles against Phytopathogenic Fungi. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:41. [PMID: 35012063 PMCID: PMC8747246 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Biopolymeric Chitosan-Carrageenan nanocomposites 66.6-231.82 nm in size containing the chemical fungicide mancozeb (nano CSCRG-M) were synthesized following a green chemistry approach. The physicochemical study of nanoparticles (NPs) was accomplished using a particle size analyzer, SEM and FTIR. TEM exhibited clover leaf-shaped nanoparticles (248.23 nm) with mancozeb on the inside and entrapped outside. Differential scanning calorimetry and TGA thermogravimetry exhibited the thermal behaviour of the nanoform. Nano CSCRG-1.5 at 1.5 ppm exhibited 83.1% inhibition against Alternaria solani in an in vitro study and performed as well as mancozeb (84.6%). Complete inhibition was exhibited in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum at 1.0 and 1.5 ppm with the nanoformulation. The in vivo disease control efficacy of mancozeb-loaded nanoparticles against A. solani in pathogenized plants was found to be relatively higher (79.4 ± 1.7) than that of commercial fungicide (76 ± 1.1%) in pot conditions. Nanomancozeb showed superior efficacy for plant growth parameters, such as germination percentage, root-shoot ratio and dry biomass. The nanoformulation showed higher cell viability compared to mancozeb in Vero cell cultures at 0.25 and 0.50 mg/mL in the resazurin assay. CSCRG-0.5 showed slow-release behavior up to 10 h. Thus, these green nano-based approaches may help combat soil and water pollution caused by harmful chemical pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa 125055, Haryana, India; (R.K.); (P.K.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Najda
- Department of Vegetable and Herbal Crops, University of Life Science in Lublin, 50A Doświadczalna Street, 20-280 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joginder Singh Duhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa 125055, Haryana, India; (R.K.); (P.K.S.)
| | - Balvinder Kumar
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India;
| | - Prince Chawla
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Joanna Klepacka
- Department of Commodity Science and Food Analysis, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 2 Oczapowskiego Street, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Seweryn Malawski
- Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Life Science in Lublin, 28 Głęboka Street, 20-400 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Pardeep Kumar Sadh
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa 125055, Haryana, India; (R.K.); (P.K.S.)
| | - Anil Kumar Poonia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, CCS HAU, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India;
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Abdelkhalek A, Qari SH, Abu-Saied MAAR, Khalil AM, Younes HA, Nehela Y, Behiry SI. Chitosan Nanoparticles Inactivate Alfalfa Mosaic Virus Replication and Boost Innate Immunity in Nicotiana glutinosa Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2701. [PMID: 34961172 PMCID: PMC8703458 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Plant viral infection is one of the most severe issues in food security globally, resulting in considerable crop production losses. Chitosan is a well-known biocontrol agent against a variety of plant infections. However, research on combatting viral infections is still in its early stages. The current study investigated the antiviral activities (protective, curative, and inactivation) of the prepared chitosan/dextran nanoparticles (CDNPs, 100 µg mL-1) on Nicotiana glutinosa plants. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and dynamic light scattering analysis revealed that the synthesized CDNPs had a uniform, regular sphere shapes ranging from 20 to 160 nm in diameter, with an average diameter of 91.68 nm. The inactivation treatment was the most effective treatment, which resulted in a 100% reduction in the alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV, Acc# OK413670) accumulation level. On the other hand, the foliar application of CDNPs decreased disease severity and significantly reduced viral accumulation levels by 70.43% and 61.65% in protective and curative treatments, respectively, under greenhouse conditions. Additionally, the induction of systemic acquired resistance, increasing total carbohydrates and total phenolic contents, as well as triggering the transcriptional levels of peroxidase, pathogen-related protein-1, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase were observed. In light of the results, we propose that the potential application of CDNPs could be an eco-friendly approach to enhance yield and a more effective therapeutic elicitor for disease management in plants upon induction of defense systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdelkhalek
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, ALCRI, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab City 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sameer H. Qari
- Biology Department, Al-Jumum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 25376, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed Abd Al-Raheem Abu-Saied
- Polymeric Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City 21934, Alexandria, Egypt;
| | - Abdallah Mohamed Khalil
- Plant Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, Al Bayda 00218-84, Libya;
| | - Hosny A. Younes
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt;
| | - Yasser Nehela
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt;
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd., Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA
| | - Said I. Behiry
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt;
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Sathiyabama M, Akila G. Water soluble Chitosan extraction from mycelium of Alternaria solani and its field evaluation on Tomato plants. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Omar HS, Al Mutery A, Osman NH, Reyad NEHA, Abou-Zeid MA. Genetic diversity, antifungal evaluation and molecular docking studies of Cu-chitosan nanoparticles as prospective stem rust inhibitor candidates among some Egyptian wheat genotypes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257959. [PMID: 34767570 PMCID: PMC8589204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat has a remarkable importance among cereals worldwide. Wheat stem and leaf rust constitute the main threats that destructively influence grain quality and yield production. Pursuing resistant cultivars and developing new genotypes including resistance genes is believed to be the most effective tool to overcome these challenges. This study is the first to use molecular markers to evaluate the genetic diversity of eighteen Egyptian wheat genotypes. Moreover, the molecular docking analysis was also used to assess the Cu-chitosan nanoparticle (CuChNp) treatment and its mode of action in disease control management. The tested genotypes were categorized into two main cluster groups depending on the similarity matrix, i.e the most resistant and susceptible genotypes to stem and leaf rust races. The results of SCoT primers revealed 140 polymorphic and 5 monomorphic bands with 97% polymorphism. While 121 polymorphic and 74 monomorphic bands were scored for SRAP primers (99% polymorphism). The genotypes Sakha 94, Sakha 95, Beni Sweif 4, Beni Sweif 7, Sohag 4 and Sohag 5 were resistant, while Giza 160 was highly susceptible to all stem rust races at the seedling stage. However, in the adult stage, the 18 genotypes were evaluated for stem and leaf rust-resistant in two different locations, i.e. Giza and Sids. In this investigation, for the first time, the activity of CuChNp was studied and shown to have the potential to inhibit stem and leaf rust in studied Egyptian wheat genotypes. The Spraying Cu-chitosan nanoparticles showed that the incubation and latent periods were increased in treated plants of the tested genotypes. Molecular modeling revealed their activity against the stem and leaf rust development. The SRAP and SCoT markers were highly useful tools for the classification of the tested wheat genotypes, although they displayed high similarities at the morphological stage. However, Cu-chitosan nanoparticles have a critical and effective role in stem and leaf rust disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa S Omar
- Faculty of Agriculture, Genetics Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- GMO lab Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Research Park, CURP, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdullah Al Mutery
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Molecular Genetics and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Neama H Osman
- Faculty of Agriculture, Genetics Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed A Abou-Zeid
- Wheat Disease Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt
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Faizan M, Rajput VD, Al-Khuraif AA, Arshad M, Minkina T, Sushkova S, Yu F. Effect of Foliar Fertigation of Chitosan Nanoparticles on Cadmium Accumulation and Toxicity in Solanum lycopersicum. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10070666. [PMID: 34356521 PMCID: PMC8301443 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The experiment conducted on Solanum lycopersicum provided an insight about Cd uptake, and the way a Solanum lycopersicum changes its physiological, biochemical and morphological responses when CTS-NPs are administered against Cd. As an effective important polymer, CTS-NPs enhanced the plant biomass, SPAD index, photosynthetic rate, and protein content in the Solanum lycopersicum plants grown in Cd stress, as a study herein. Addition of CTS-NPs reduced Cd accumulation by increasing the nutrient uptake. Furthermore, CTS-NPs treatment enhances tolerance to Cd stress through hampering ROS production accompanied by H2O2 activity, through reducing the peroxidation of lipids by minimizing MDA content, and through improving enzymatic (CAT, POX, SOD), non-enzymatic (GSH and AsA), and osmoprotectants (proline) antioxidant contents that are considered as a first line of defense to protect plants from stress. Abstract Cadmium (Cd) stress is increasing at a high pace and is polluting the agricultural land. As a result, it affects animals and the human population via entering into the food chain. The aim of this work is to evaluate the possibility of amelioration of Cd stress through chitosan nanoparticles (CTS-NPs). After 15 days of sowing (DAS), Solanum lycopersicum seedlings were transplanted into maintained pots (20 in number). Cadmium (0.8 mM) was providing in the soil as CdCl2·2.5H2O at the time of transplanting; however, CTS-NPs (100 µg/mL) were given through foliar spray at 25 DAS. Data procured from the present experiment suggests that Cd toxicity considerably reduces the plant morphology, chlorophyll fluorescence, in addition to photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidant enzyme activity and protein content. However, foliar application of CTS-NPs was effective in increasing the shoot dry weight (38%), net photosynthetic rate (45%) and SPAD index (40%), while a decrease in malondialdehyde (24%) and hydrogen peroxide (20%) was observed at the 30 DAS stage as compared to control plants. On behalf of the current results, it is demonstrated that foliar treatment of CTS-NPs might be an efficient approach to ameliorate the toxic effects of Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Faizan
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forest Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (V.D.R.); (F.Y.)
| | - Vishnu D. Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (T.M.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (V.D.R.); (F.Y.)
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Al-Khuraif
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.-K.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammed Arshad
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.-K.); (M.A.)
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (T.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Svetlana Sushkova
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (T.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Fangyuan Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forest Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (V.D.R.); (F.Y.)
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Attjioui M, Gillet D, El Gueddari NE, Moerschbacher BM. Synergistic Antimicrobial Effect of Chitosan Polymers and Oligomers. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2021; 34:770-778. [PMID: 33683142 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-20-0185-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the efficacy of the combined application of well-characterized chitosan polymer (degree of acetylation = 10%, degree of polymerization [DPn] = 90, and dispersity [ÐDP] = 2.8) and oligomers (partially acetylated chitosan polymers and oligosaccharides [paCOS]) (DP = 2 to 17) on conidia germination and mycelial growth of Fusarium graminearum, the major causal agent of Fusarium head blight in wheat. The polymer alone showed a higher inhibitory effect than the paCOS mixture alone, with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of less than 50 µg ml-1 and more than 100 µg ml-1, respectively. Using time-lapse microscopy, we also showed that paCOS did not affect conidia germination at 50 µg ml-1, whereas chitosan polymer at the same concentration led to a delay in germination and in elongation of germ tubes. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the chitosan-induced changes in hyphal morphology. Surprisingly, the combination of chitosan polymer and paCOS led to strong synergistic effects in inhibiting conidia germination and fungal growth, as quantified by both the Abbot and Wadley equations. To our knowledge, this is the first report on a synergistic effect of a combination of chitosan polymers and oligomers, also highlighting for the first time the importance of ÐDP when studying structure-function relationships of functional biopolymers such as chitosan. The consequences of this finding for the improvement of chitosan-based antimicrobial or plant protective products are discussed. Given the economic importance of F. graminearum, this study suggests that the combination of chitosan polymer and oligomers can be used to support an efficient, sustainable plant protection strategy.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Attjioui
- Institute for Biology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | | | - Bruno M Moerschbacher
- Institute for Biology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Alghuthaymi MA, Hassan AA, Kalia A, Sayed El Ahl RMH, El Hamaky AAM, Oleksak P, Kuca K, Abd-Elsalam KA. Antifungal Nano-Therapy in Veterinary Medicine: Current Status and Future Prospects. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:494. [PMID: 34206304 PMCID: PMC8303737 DOI: 10.3390/jof7070494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The global recognition for the potential of nanoproducts and processes in human biomedicine has given impetus for the development of novel strategies for rapid, reliable, and proficient diagnosis, prevention, and control of animal diseases. Nanomaterials exhibit significant antifungal and antimycotoxin activities against mycosis and mycotoxicosis disorders in animals, as evidenced through reports published over the recent decade and more. These nanoantifungals can be potentially utilized for the development of a variety of products of pharmaceutical and biomedical significance including the nano-scale vaccines, adjuvants, anticancer and gene therapy systems, farm disinfectants, animal husbandry, and nutritional products. This review will provide details on the therapeutic and preventative aspects of nanoantifungals against diverse fungal and mycotoxin-related diseases in animals. The predominant mechanisms of action of these nanoantifungals and their potential as antifungal and cytotoxicity-causing agents will also be illustrated. Also, the other theragnostic applications of nanoantifungals in veterinary medicine will be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa A. Alghuthaymi
- Biology Department, Science and Humanities College, Shaqra University, Alquwayiyah 19245, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Atef A. Hassan
- Department of Mycology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), 12611 Giza, Egypt; (A.A.H.); (R.M.H.S.E.A.); (A.A.M.E.H.)
| | - Anu Kalia
- Electron Microscopy and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Rasha M. H. Sayed El Ahl
- Department of Mycology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), 12611 Giza, Egypt; (A.A.H.); (R.M.H.S.E.A.); (A.A.M.E.H.)
| | - Ahmed A. M. El Hamaky
- Department of Mycology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), 12611 Giza, Egypt; (A.A.H.); (R.M.H.S.E.A.); (A.A.M.E.H.)
| | - Patrik Oleksak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Kamel A. Abd-Elsalam
- Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), 9-Gamaa St., 12619 Giza, Egypt
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Kocięcka J, Liberacki D. The Potential of Using Chitosan on Cereal Crops in the Face of Climate Change. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061160. [PMID: 34200489 PMCID: PMC8229082 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This review presents the main findings from measurements carried out on cereals using chitosan, its derivatives, and nanoparticles. Research into the use of chitosan in agriculture is growing in popularity. Since 2000, 188 original scientific articles indexed in Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases have been published on this topic. These have focused mainly on wheat (34.3%), maize (26.3%), and rice (24.2%). It was shown that research on other cereals such as millets and sorghum is scarce and should be expanded to better understand the impact of chitosan use. This review demonstrates that this chitosan is highly effective against the most dangerous diseases and pathogens for cereals. Furthermore, it also contributes to improving yield and chlorophyll content, as well as some plant growth parameters. Additionally, it induces excellent resistance to drought, salt, and low temperature stress and reduces their negative impact on cereals. However, further studies are needed to demonstrate the full field efficacy of chitosan.
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Picchi V, Gobbi S, Fattizzo M, Zefelippo M, Faoro F. Chitosan Nanoparticles Loaded with N-Acetyl Cysteine to Mitigate Ozone and Other Possible Oxidative Stresses in Durum Wheat. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:691. [PMID: 33918532 PMCID: PMC8065401 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Modern durum wheat cultivars are more prone to ozone stress because of their high photosynthetic efficiency and leaf gas exchanges that cause a greater pollutant uptake. This, in turn, generates an increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production that is a challenge to control by the antioxidant system of the plant, therefore affecting final yield, with a reduction up to 25%. With the aim of mitigating oxidative stress in wheat, we used chitosan nanoparticles (CHT-NPs) either unloaded or loaded with the antioxidant compound N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), on plants grown either in a greenhouse or in an open field. NAC-loaded NPs were prepared by adding 0.5 mg/mL NAC to the CHT solution before ionotropic gelation with tripolyphosphate (TTP). Greenhouse experiments evidenced that CHT-NPs and CHT-NPs-NAC were able to increase the level of the leaf antioxidant pool, particularly ascorbic acid (AsA) content. However, the results of field trials, while confirming the increase in the AsA level, at least in the first phenological stages, were less conclusive. The presence of NAC did not appear to significantly affect the leaf antioxidant pool, although the grain yield was slightly higher in NAC-treated parcels. Furthermore, both NAC-loaded and -unloaded CHT-NPs partially reduced the symptom severity and increased the weight of 1000 seeds, thus showing a moderate mitigation of ozone injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Picchi
- CREA Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, Via G. Venezian 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Gobbi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; (S.G.); (M.F.)
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Fattizzo
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; (S.G.); (M.F.)
| | - Mario Zefelippo
- Agronomist and Agricultural Consultant, Via S. Francesco D’Assisi 7/A, 27058 Voghera, Italy;
| | - Franco Faoro
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; (S.G.); (M.F.)
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Akpinar I, Unal M, Sar T. Potential antifungal effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of different sizes against phytopathogenic Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) strains. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04524-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractFusarium species are the primary fungal pathogen affecting agricultural foodstuffs both in crop yield and economic loss. Due to these problems, control of phytopathogenic fungi has become one of the critical problems around the World. Nanotechnology is a new technology with potential in many fields, including agriculture. This study focused on determining potential effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with different nanosizes (3, 5, 8 and 10 nm) and at different concentrations (12.5–100 ppm) against phytopathogenic Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) strains. The maximum antifungal activity was achieved by decreasing nanosize and increasing concentration of AgNPs. Mycelium growth abilities were decreased about 50%, 75% and 90% by AgNPs treatment with 3 nm sizes at 25 ppm, 37.5 ppm and 50 ppm concentrations, respectively. The productivity of fungal biomass in the liquid growth media was found to be too limited at the 25–37.5 ppm of AgNPs concentrations with all sizes. In addition, both septation number and dimensions of micro- and macroconidia were found to be gradually decreased with the application of silver nanoparticles. This work showed that the low concentration of AgNPs could be used as potential antifungal agents and applied for control of phytopathogens.
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Li Z, Wang H, An S, Yin X. Nanochitin whisker enhances insecticidal activity of chemical pesticide for pest insect control and toxicity. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:49. [PMID: 33593391 PMCID: PMC7885609 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00792-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanomaterials in plant protection promise many benefits over conventional pesticide products. Nano-enabled pesticides may alter the functionality or risk profile of active ingredients. Cationic nanochitin whiskers (NC) possess strong biological activity against wheat aphids. However, toxicity and synergistic effects of NC with chemical pesticides against pest insects has not been systemically reported. This study investigated the insecticidal enhancement by NC with Omethoate (40% EC), Imidacloprid (10% WP), and Acetamiprid (40% WG) for pest control using wheat aphid as piercing-sucking mouthparts insect. Fluorescein isothiocyanate labelled NC was used to monitor the uptake and transportation pathway of NC inside the target insects. Toxicity of NC was tested with Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for future application of NC in plant protection against pest insects. RESULTS NCs synthesized by acidic hydrolysis were rod-like nanoparticles in a range of 50-150 nm in length and 30-50 nm in width, which examined by electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering methods. The charge density and zeta potential were about 63 mmol/kg and + 36.4 mV, respectively. By absorption and/or contact action of 30-50 mg/L of NC suspension, the corrected mortality of wheat aphids reached up to 80% or above after 12 h treatment, NC could be distributed through digestive system and relocated from mouth to other tissues inside the insect body. When associated with dilutions of conventional pesticides, the corrected mortality were significantly increased up to 95% or above. The dosage of the chemical pesticide and nanochitin in the mixtures (1:1 by volume) were all reduced to half. The acute oral toxicity Lethal Dose 50% (LD50) to SD rat is greater than 5000 mg/kg BW (body weight) in male and female, acute dermal toxicity LD50 is greater than 2000 mg/kg BW of NC. CONCLUSIONS NC has a strong promotive effect on insecticidal effectiveness of chemical insecticides. It was easily absorbed by plant, transported and distributed from mouth to other tissues of the insects while sucking plant fluid. Low acute oral and dermal toxicity to SD rat indicated that it is safe to apply in agriculture and food industry. NCs has a great potential for water-based nanopesticide formulation to reduce chemical pesticide use for future agro-environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenya Li
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Pesticide Science/Nano Agro Center, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hezhong Wang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China. .,Department of Pesticide Science/Nano Agro Center, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Shiheng An
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinming Yin
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China.
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Foliar application of chitosan nanoparticle improves yield, mineral content and boost innate immunity in finger millet plants. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 258:117691. [PMID: 33593564 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to evaluate the potential of chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles (ChNPs) in enhancing the growth and yield of finger millet under greenhouse condition. Foliar application of ChNPs significantly enhanced the growth, yield and mineral content (Fe, Zn, Mn, P, Ca, Mg) when compared to the chitosan and untreated control. ChNPs also induced several defense related enzymes (chitinase, β-1,3 glucanase, chitosanase, protease inhibitors, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase) in leaves of finger millet plants their by enhancing the innate immune response. This quantitative difference in defense enzymes was also detected qualitatively on polyacrylamide gels. Our results suggest that ChNPs application can be used as an ecofriendly approach to enhance yield and mineral content in finger millet for sustainable production.
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Fate of Biodegradable Engineered Nanoparticles Used in Veterinary Medicine as Delivery Systems from a One Health Perspective. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030523. [PMID: 33498295 PMCID: PMC7863917 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of veterinary medicine needs new solutions to address the current challenges of antibiotic resistance and the need for increased animal production. In response, a multitude of delivery systems have been developed in the last 20 years in the form of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs), a subclass of which are polymeric, biodegradable ENPs, that are biocompatible and biodegradable (pbENPs). These platforms have been developed to deliver cargo, such as antibiotics, vaccines, and hormones, and in general, have been shown to be beneficial in many regards, particularly when comparing the efficacy of the delivered drugs to that of the conventional drug applications. However, the fate of pbENPs developed for veterinary applications is poorly understood. pbENPs undergo biotransformation as they are transferred from one ecosystem to another, and these transformations greatly affect their impact on health and the environment. This review addresses nanoparticle fate and impact on animals, the environment, and humans from a One Health perspective.
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Van Hoa N, Vuong NTH, Minh NC, Cuong HN, Trung TS. Squid pen chitosan nanoparticles: small size and high antibacterial activity. Polym Bull (Berl) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03488-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Francesconi S, Steiner B, Buerstmayr H, Lemmens M, Sulyok M, Balestra GM. Chitosan Hydrochloride Decreases Fusarium graminearum Growth and Virulence and Boosts Growth, Development and Systemic Acquired Resistance in Two Durum Wheat Genotypes. Molecules 2020; 25:E4752. [PMID: 33081211 PMCID: PMC7587526 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease for cereals. FHB is managed by fungicides at anthesis, but their efficacy is variable. Conventional fungicides accumulate in the soil and are dangerous for animal and human health. This study assayed the antifungal ability of chitosan hydrochloride against Fusarium graminearum. Chitosan reduced F. graminearum growth and downregulated the transcript of the major genes involved in the cell growth, respiration, virulence, and trichothecenes biosynthesis. Chitosan promoted the germination rate, the root and coleoptile development, and the nitrogen balance index in two durum wheat genotypes, Marco Aurelio (FHB-susceptible) and DBC480 (FHB-resistant). Chitosan reduced FHB severity when applied on spikes or on the flag leaves. FHB severity in DBC480 was of 6% at 21 dpi after chitosan treatments compared to F. graminearum inoculated control (20%). The elicitor-like property of chitosan was confirmed by the up-regulation of TaPAL, TaPR1 and TaPR2 (around 3-fold). Chitosan decreased the fungal spread and mycotoxins accumulation. This study demonstrated that the non-toxic chitosan is a powerful molecule with the potential to replace the conventional fungicides. The combination of a moderately resistant genotype (DBC480) with a sustainable compound (chitosan) will open new frontiers for the reduction of conventional compounds in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Francesconi
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Barbara Steiner
- Department of Agrobiotechnology Tulln (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Straße 20, A-3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria; (B.S.); (H.B.); (M.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Hermann Buerstmayr
- Department of Agrobiotechnology Tulln (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Straße 20, A-3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria; (B.S.); (H.B.); (M.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Marc Lemmens
- Department of Agrobiotechnology Tulln (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Straße 20, A-3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria; (B.S.); (H.B.); (M.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Michael Sulyok
- Department of Agrobiotechnology Tulln (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Straße 20, A-3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria; (B.S.); (H.B.); (M.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Giorgio Mariano Balestra
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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Antifungal Activity against Fusarium culmorum of Stevioside, Silybum marianum Seed Extracts, and Their Conjugate Complexes. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9080440. [PMID: 32722038 PMCID: PMC7460105 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9080440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a disease that poses a major challenge in cereal production that has important food and feed safety implications due to trichothecene contamination. In this study, the effect of stevioside-a glycoside found in the leaves of candyleaf (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)-was evaluated in vitro against Fusarium culmorum (W.G. Smith) Sacc., alone and in combination (in a 1:1 molar ratio) with polyphenols obtained from milk thistle seeds (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn). Different concentrations, ranging from 32 to 512 µg·mL-1, were assayed, finding EC50 and EC90 inhibitory concentrations of 156 and 221 µg·mL-1, respectively, for the treatment based only on stevioside, and EC50 and EC90 values of 123 and 160 µg·mL-1, respectively, for the treatment based on the stevioside-polyphenol conjugate complexes. Colony formation inhibition results were consistent, reaching full inhibition at 256 µg·mL-1. Given that synergistic behavior was observed for this latter formulation (SF = 1.43, according to Wadley's method), it was further assessed for grain protection at storage, mostly directed against mycotoxin contamination caused by the aforementioned phytopathogen, confirming that it could inhibit fungal growth and avoid trichothecene contamination. Moreover, seed tests showed that the treatment did not affect the percentage of germination, and it resulted in a lower incidence of root rot caused by the pathogen in Kamut and winter wheat seedlings. Hence, the application of these stevioside-S. marianum seed extract conjugate complexes may be put forward as a promising and environmentally friendly treatment for the protection of cereal crops and stored grain against FHB.
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Melo NFCB, Lima MAB, Stamford TLM, Galembeck A, Flores MA, Campos Takaki GM, Costa Medeiros JA, Stamford‐Arnaud TM, Montenegro Stamford TC. In vivo
and
in vitro
antifungal effect of fungal chitosan nanocomposite edible coating against strawberry phytopathogenic fungi. Int J Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natália Ferrão Castelo Branco Melo
- Laboratório de Microbiologia dos Alimentos Departamento de Nutrição Centro de Ciências da Saúde Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Av. da Engenharia, s/nº, Cidade Universitária RecifeCEP: 50670‐420 Brazil
| | - Marcos Antônio Barbosa Lima
- Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Rua Manuel de Medeiros, 97, Dois Irmãos RecifeCEP: 52171‐900 Brazil
| | - Tânia Lucia Montenegro Stamford
- Laboratório de Microbiologia dos Alimentos Departamento de Nutrição Centro de Ciências da Saúde Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Av. da Engenharia, s/nº, Cidade Universitária RecifeCEP: 50670‐420 Brazil
| | - André Galembeck
- Laboratório de Compostos Híbridos Interfaces e Colóides Departamento de Química Fundamental Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Av. Jornalista Anibal Fernandes, s/nº, Cidade Universitária RecifeCEP: 50740‐560 Brazil
| | - Miguel A.P. Flores
- Laboratório de Compostos Híbridos Interfaces e Colóides Departamento de Química Fundamental Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Av. Jornalista Anibal Fernandes, s/nº, Cidade Universitária RecifeCEP: 50740‐560 Brazil
| | - Galba Maria Campos Takaki
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Ambientais Universidade Católica de Pernambuco Rua do Príncipe, 526, Boa Vista Recife CEP:50050‐900 Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n ‐ Dois Irmãos Recife CEP: 52171‐900 Brazil
| | - José Alberto Costa Medeiros
- Laboratório de Microbiologia dos Alimentos Departamento de Nutrição Centro de Ciências da Saúde Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Av. da Engenharia, s/nº, Cidade Universitária RecifeCEP: 50670‐420 Brazil
| | - Thatiana Montenegro Stamford‐Arnaud
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Aplicada Centro de Ciências Medicas Microbiologia e Imunologia Universidade Federal de PernambucoAv. da Engenharia, s/nº, 2º andar, Cidade Universitária RecifeCEP: 50.670‐420 Brazil
| | - Thayza Christina Montenegro Stamford
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Aplicada Centro de Ciências Medicas Microbiologia e Imunologia Universidade Federal de PernambucoAv. da Engenharia, s/nº, 2º andar, Cidade Universitária RecifeCEP: 50.670‐420 Brazil
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Maluin FN, Hussein MZ, Azah Yusof N, Fakurazi S, Idris AS, Zainol Hilmi NH, Jeffery Daim LD. Chitosan-Based Agronanofungicides as a Sustainable Alternative in the Basal Stem Rot Disease Management. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:4305-4314. [PMID: 32227887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b08060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The rise of environmental and health concerns due to the excessive use of the conventional fungicide urges the search for sustainable alternatives of agronanofungicides where the latter is aimed to enhance plant uptake and minimize the volatilization, leaching, and runoff of fungicides. With this in mind, fungicides of hexaconazole and/or dazomet were encapsulated into chitosan nanoparticles for the formulation of chitosan-based agronanofungicides. In the present study, chitosan nanoparticles (2 nm), chitosan-hexaconazole nanoparticles (18 and 168 nm), chitosan-dazomet nanoparticles (7 and 32 nm), and chitosan-hexaconazole-dazomet nanoparticles (5 and 58 nm) were synthesized and used as potent antifungal agents in combating the basal stem rot (BSR) disease caused by Ganoderma boninense in which they were evaluated via an artificial inoculation of oil palm seedlings with the rubber woodblock, which was fully colonized with the fungal Ganoderma boninense mycelium. The results revealed that chitosan nanoparticles could act as dual modes of action, which are themselves as a biocide or as a nanocarrier for the existing fungicides. In addition, the particle size of the chitosan-based agronanofungicides plays a crucial role in suppressing and controlling the disease. The synergistic effect of the double-fungicide system of 5 nm chitosan-hexaconazole-dazomet nanoparticles can be observed as the system showed the highest disease reduction with 74.5%, compared to the untreated infected seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhatun Najat Maluin
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zobir Hussein
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azah Yusof
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharida Fakurazi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abu Seman Idris
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Hailini Zainol Hilmi
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Leona Daniela Jeffery Daim
- Sime Darby Technology Centre Sdn. Bhd., UPM-MTDC Technology Centre III, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 1st Floor, Block B, Lebuh Silikon, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Maluin FN, Hussein MZ. Chitosan-Based Agronanochemicals as a Sustainable Alternative in Crop Protection. Molecules 2020; 25:E1611. [PMID: 32244664 PMCID: PMC7180820 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise in the World's food demand in line with the increase of the global population has resulted in calls for more research on the production of sustainable food and sustainable agriculture. A natural biopolymer, chitosan, coupled with nanotechnology could offer a sustainable alternative to the use of conventional agrochemicals towards a safer agriculture industry. Here, we review the potential of chitosan-based agronanochemicals as a sustainable alternative in crop protection against pests, diseases as well as plant growth promoters. Such effort offers better alternatives: (1) the existing agricultural active ingredients can be encapsulated into chitosan nanocarriers for the formation of potent biocides against plant pathogens and pests; (2) the controlled release properties and high bioavailability of the nanoformulations help in minimizing the wastage and leaching of the agrochemicals' active ingredients; (3) the small size, in the nanometer regime, enhances the penetration on the plant cell wall and cuticle, which in turn increases the argochemical uptake; (4) the encapsulation of agrochemicals in chitosan nanocarriers shields the toxic effect of the free agrochemicals on the plant, cells and DNA, thus, minimizing the negative impacts of agrochemical active ingredients on human health and environmental wellness. In addition, this article also briefly reviews the mechanism of action of chitosan against pathogens and the elicitations of plant immunity and defense response activities of chitosan-treated plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohd Zobir Hussein
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia;
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Fu L, Wang Z, Dhankher OP, Xing B. Nanotechnology as a new sustainable approach for controlling crop diseases and increasing agricultural production. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:507-519. [PMID: 31270541 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Climate change will negatively affect crop production by exacerbating the incidence of disease and decreasing the efficacy of conventional approaches to disease control. Nanotechnology is a promising new strategy for plant disease management that has many advantages over conventional products and approaches, such as better efficacy, reduced input requirements, and lower eco-toxicity. Studies on crop plants using various nanomaterials (NMs) as protective agents have produced promising results. This review focuses on the use of NMs in disease management through three different mechanisms: (i) as antimicrobial agents; (ii) as biostimulants that induce plant innate immunity; and (iii) as carriers for active ingredients such as pesticides, micronutrients, and elicitors. The potential benefits of nanotechnology are considered, together with the role that NMs might play in future disease management and crop adaptation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Fu
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Om Parkash Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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49
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Nanomaterials and nanocomposite applications in veterinary medicine. MULTIFUNCTIONAL HYBRID NANOMATERIALS FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRI-FOOD AND ECOSYSTEMS 2020. [PMCID: PMC7252256 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-821354-4.00024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, nanotechnology has made huge, significant advancements in biotechnology and biomedicine related to human and animal science, including increasing health safety, production, and the elevation of national income. There are various fields of nanomaterial applications in veterinary medicine such as efficient diagnostic and therapeutic tools, drug delivery, animal nutrition, breeding and reproduction, and valuable additives. Additional benefits include the detection of pathogens, protein, biological molecules, antimicrobial agents, feeding additives, nutrient delivery, and reproductive aids. There are many nanomaterials and nanocomposites that can be used in nanomedicine such as metal nanoparticles, liposomes, carbon nanotubes, and quantum dots. In the near future, nanotechnology research will have the ability to produce novel tools for improving animal health and production. Therefore, this chapter was undertaken to spotlight novel methods created by nanotechnology for application in the improvement of animal health and production. In addition, the toxicity of nanomaterials is fully discussed to avoid the suspected health hazards of toxicity for animal health safety.
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50
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Youssef K, de Oliveira AG, Tischer CA, Hussain I, Roberto SR. Synergistic effect of a novel chitosan/silica nanocomposites-based formulation against gray mold of table grapes and its possible mode of action. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 141:247-258. [PMID: 31476398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Ecofriendly nanostructured materials have been proposed as promising alternative control means to prevent plant diseases. Chitosan nanoparticles (CN), silica nanoparticles (SN) and chitosan-silica nanocomposites (CSN) were synthesized and their morphology and structure was characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectra (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy. Their antifungal efficiency against Botrytis cinerea, the causal fungus of gray mold disease of table grapes, was tested in vitro and in vivo (under artificial and natural infections). In vitro tests showed that CN, SN and CSN reduced fungal growth by 72, 76 and 100%, respectively at 1% as compared to control. Under natural infection, at the end of cold storage, CSN was the most effective treatment, and reduced the development of gray mold by 59 and 83%, for 'Italia' and 'Benitaka' grapes, respectively as compared to the water control. Results indicate that a synergistic effect of CSN against gray mold was observed. The impact of tested nanocomposites on soluble solids - TSS, titratable acidity - TA, TSS/TA, berry color, mass loss, stem browning and shattered berries was investigated. No negative effect of tested nanomaterials in term of grape quality was observed. For 'Italia' table grape, CN and CSN can preserve bunches from mass loss as compared to control. Also, the effect of CSN on reactive species of oxygen (ROS), ATP content and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of B. cinerea spores was determined to verify its mode of action. The obtained results suggested CSN, as alternative control means, to reduce/substitute the use of fungicides to control gray mold of table grapes while maintaining grape quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khamis Youssef
- Agricultural Research Center, Plant Pathology Research Institute, 9 Gamaa St, Giza 12619, Egypt.
| | - Admilton G de Oliveira
- Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil; Laboratory of Electron Microscopy and Microanalysis, Londrina State University, 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Ibrar Hussain
- Agricultural Research Center, Londrina State University, 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Sergio Ruffo Roberto
- Agricultural Research Center, Londrina State University, 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil.
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