1
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Yang Y, Zhuo Y, Zhu C, Zhang H, Wang Y. Characterization of gelatin-oxidized riclin cryogels and their applications as reusable ice cubes in shrimp preservation. Food Res Int 2024; 192:114766. [PMID: 39147487 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Traditional ice is usually employed to preserve food freshness and extend shelf life. However, ice cannot bear repeated freeze - thaw cycles during the transportation and retailing process, resulting in microbial cross-contamination and spoilage of foods. Herein, succinoglycan riclin was oxidated (RO) and crosslinked with gelatin (Ge), the Ge-RO cryogels were prepared via Schiff base reaction and three freeze - thaw cycles. The Ge-RO cryogels showed improved storage modulus (G') and thermal stability compared with pure gelatin hydrogel. The polymer framework of Ge-RO gels exhibited stable properties against ice crystals destructions during nine freeze - thaw treatments. During the storage and repeated freeze - thaw treatments of shrimps, Ge-RO cryogels exhibited a remarkable preservation effect on shrimps, and their freshness was evaluated using an electronic nose technique equipped with ten sensors. The results demonstrated that the shrimp muscle preserved in ice generated off-odors and resulted in high sensor responses. The sensor responses were reduced sharply of shrimps preserved in cryogels. Moreover, 1H NMR-based metabolomics analysis revealed that shrimps in Ge-RO cryogels group reversed the metabolic perturbations compared with the traditional ice group, the metabolic pathways were related to energy metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and amino acid metabolism, which provide new clues to the freshness of shrimps. Furthermore, RO exhibited superior antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus microorganisms. Thus, the crosslinked cryogels are potentially applicable to food preservation, offering sustainable and reusable solutions against traditional ice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Yang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Breeding Pollution Control and Resource, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolic Engineering and Biosynthesis Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Yonggan Zhuo
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China
| | - Chuangda Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Breeding Pollution Control and Resource, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China.
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2
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Han H, Li H, Wang L, Zhu Y, Guan H, Yao J, Xiao W, Li B, Liao X. Preparation of Autoclavable and Injectable Silk Fibroin Cryogels for Tissue Engineering Applications. Macromol Biosci 2024:e2400038. [PMID: 38843388 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202400038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
A cryogel is a supermacroporous gel network that is generated at subzero temperatures by polymerizing monomers or gelating polymeric precursors. Since cryogels possess inherent characteristics such as interconnected macroporous structures, excellent mechanical properties, and high resistance to autoclave sterilization, they are highly desirable for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Silk fibroin, a natural protein obtained from Bombyx mori silkworms, is an excellent raw material for cryogel preparation. The aim of this study is to establish a controlled method for preparing silk fibroin cryogels with suitable properties for application as tissue engineering scaffolds. Using a dual crosslinking strategy consisting of low-temperature radical polymerization coupled with methanol-induced conformational transformation, porous cryogels are prepared. The cryogels display many unique characteristics, such as an interconnected macroporous structure, a high water absorption capacity, water-triggered shape memory, syringe injectability, and strong resilience to autoclave sterilization. Furthermore, the cryogels demonstrate excellent biocompatibility and cell affinity, facilitating cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation. The interconnected supermacroporous architecture resembling the native extracellular matrix, together with their unique physical properties and autoclaving stability, suggests that cryogels are promising candidate scaffolds for tissue engineering and cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Han
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Materials and Devices, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nano/Micro Biomedical Detection Technology, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Materials and Devices, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Materials and Devices, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Haoqing Guan
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nano/Micro Biomedical Detection Technology, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Jingzhi Yao
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nano/Micro Biomedical Detection Technology, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Wenqian Xiao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Materials and Devices, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Bo Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Materials and Devices, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Liao
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nano/Micro Biomedical Detection Technology, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
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3
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Baretta R, Davidson-Rozenfeld G, Gutkin V, Frasconi M, Willner I. Chemical and Photochemical-Driven Dissipative Fe 3+/Fe 2+-Ion Cross-Linked Carboxymethyl Cellulose Gels Operating Under Aerobic Conditions: Applications for Transient Controlled Release and Mechanical Actuation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9957-9966. [PMID: 38547022 PMCID: PMC11009950 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
A Fe3+-ion cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose, Fe3+-CMC, redox-active gel exhibiting dissipative, transient stiffness properties is introduced. Chemical or photosensitized reduction of the higher-stiffness Fe3+-CMC to the lower-stiffness Fe2+-CMC gel, accompanied by the aerobic reoxidation of the Fe2+-CMC matrix, leads to the dissipative, transient stiffness, functional matrix. The light-induced, temporal, transient release of a load (Texas red dextran) and the light-triggered, transient mechanical bending of a poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (p-NIPAM)/Fe3+-CMC bilayer construct are introduced, thus demonstrating the potential use of the dissipative Fe3+-CMC gel for controlled drug release or soft robotic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Baretta
- The
Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Gilad Davidson-Rozenfeld
- The
Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Vitaly Gutkin
- The
Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Marco Frasconi
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Itamar Willner
- The
Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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4
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Zhu J, Xu H, Hu Q, Yang Y, Ni S, Peng F, Jin X. High stretchable and tough xylan-g-gelatin hydrogel via the synergy of chemical cross-linking and salting out for strain sensors. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129759. [PMID: 38281523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Stretchable and tough hydrogels have been extensively used in tissue engineering scaffolds and flexible electronics. However, it is still a significant challenge to prepare hydrogels with both tensile strength and toughness by utilizing xylan, which is abundant in nature. Herein, we present a novel hydrogel of carboxymethyl xylan(CMX) graft gelatin (G) and doped with conductive hydroxyl carbon nanotubes (OCNT). CMX and G are combined through amide bonding as well as intermolecular hydrogen bonding to form a semi-interpenetrating hydrogel network. The hydrogel was further subjected to salting-out treatment, which induced the aggregation of the CMX-g-G molecular chain and the formation of chain bundles to toughen the hydrogel, the tensile strain, tensile stress, and toughness of CMX-g-G hydrogels were 1.547 MPa, 324 %, and 2.31 MJ m-3, respectively. In addition, OCNT was used as a conductive filler to impart electrical conductivity and further improve the mechanical properties of CMX-g-G/OCNT hydrogel, and a tensile strength of 1.62 MPa was obtained. Thus, the synthesized CMX-g-G/OCNT hydrogel can be used as a reliable and sensitive strain sensor for monitoring human activity. This study opens up new horizons for the preparation of xylan-based high-performance hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqiao Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hanping Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiangli Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yujia Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Siyang Ni
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Feng Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaojuan Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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5
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Fan Y, Hong R, Sun X, Luo Q, Wei H, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Zhou X, Wan J. Gastric acid-responsive deformable sodium alginate/Bletilla striata polysaccharide in situ gel for the protection and treatment of alcohol-induced peptic ulcers. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128815. [PMID: 38114010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
First-line drugs for peptic ulcer (PU) treatment are typically limited by poor targeting and adverse effects associated with long-term use. Despite recent advancements in novel therapeutic approaches for PU, the development of sustained-release delivery systems tailored to specific pathological characteristics remains challenging. Persistent inflammation, particularly gastric inflammatory microenvironment imbalance, characterizes the PU. In this study, we prepared an in situ gel composed of sodium alginate, deacetylated gellan gum, calcium citrate, and Bletilla striata polysaccharide (BSP) to achieve sustained release of BSP. The BSP in situ gel demonstrated favorable fluidity in vitro and completed self-assembly in vivo in response to the acidic milieu at a pH of 1.5. Furthermore, the shear, extrusion, and deformation properties increased by 26.4 %, 103.7 %, and 46.3 %, respectively, with long-term gastric retention (4 h) and mucosal adaptation. Animal experiments confirmed that the BSP in situ gel could attenuate necrotic injury and inflammatory cell infiltration, maintain mucosal barrier integrity, regulate cytokine imbalance and inflammation-associated hyperapoptosis, thus effectively alleviate the inflammatory microenvironmental imbalance in PU without significant side effects. Overall, our findings demonstrated that the BSP in situ gel is a promising therapeutic strategy for PU and opens avenues for developing self-assembled formulations targeting the pathological features of PUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Fan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, China
| | - Ran Hong
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, China
| | - Qiaomei Luo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, China
| | - Huilin Wei
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, China
| | - Yajuan Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, China
| | - Zengni Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, China
| | - Jun Wan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, China.
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6
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Ghaedamini S, Karbasi S, Hashemibeni B, Honarvar A, Rabiei A. PCL/Agarose 3D-printed scaffold for tissue engineering applications: fabrication, characterization, and cellular activities. Res Pharm Sci 2023; 18:566-579. [PMID: 37842514 PMCID: PMC10568963 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.383711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Biomaterials, scaffold manufacturing, and design strategies with acceptable mechanical properties are the most critical challenges facing tissue engineering. Experimental approach In this study, polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds were fabricated through a novel three-dimensional (3D) printing method. The PCL scaffolds were then coated with 2% agarose (Ag) hydrogel. The 3D-printed PCL and PCL/Ag scaffolds were characterized for their mechanical properties, porosity, hydrophilicity, and water absorption. The construction and morphology of the printed scaffolds were evaluated via Fourier-Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The attachment and proliferation of L929 cells cultured on the scaffolds were investigated through MTT assay on the cell culture study upon the 1st, 3rd, and 7th days. Findings/Results The incorporation of Ag hydrogel with PCL insignificantly decreased the mechanical strength of the scaffold. The presence of Ag enhanced the hydrophilicity and water absorption of the scaffolds, which could positively influence their cell behavior compared to the PCL scaffolds. Regarding cell morphology, the cells on the PCL scaffolds had a more rounded shape and less cell spreading, representing poor cell attachment and cell-scaffold interaction due to the hydrophobic nature of PCL. Conversely, the cells on the PCL/Ag scaffolds were elongated with a spindle-shaped morphology indicating a positive cell-scaffold interaction. Conclusion and implications PCL/Ag scaffolds can be considered appropriate for tissue-engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho’leh Ghaedamini
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saeed Karbasi
- Department of Biomaterials, Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Batool Hashemibeni
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Honarvar
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Abbasali Rabiei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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7
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Fan Z, Liu H, Ding Z, Xiao L, Lu Q, Kaplan DL. Simulation of Cortical and Cancellous Bone to Accelerate Tissue Regeneration. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2023; 33:2301839. [PMID: 37601745 PMCID: PMC10437128 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202301839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Different tissues have complex anisotropic structures to support biological functions. Mimicking these complex structures in vitro remains a challenge in biomaterials designs in support of tissue regeneration. Here, inspired by different types of silk nanofibers, a composite materials strategy was pursued towards this challenge. A combination of fabrication methods was utilized to achieve separate control of amorphous and beta-sheet rich silk nanofibers in the same solution. Aqueous solutions containing these two structural types of silk nanofibers were then simultaneously treated with an electric field and with ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE). Under these conditions, the beta-sheet rich silk nanofibers in the mixture responded to the electric field while the amorphous nanofibers were active in the crosslinking process with the EGDE. As a result, cryogels with anisotropic structures were prepared, including mimics for cortical- and cancellous-like bone biomaterials as a complex osteoinductive niche. In vitro studies revealed that mechanical cues of the cryogels induced osteodifferentiation of stem cells while the anisotropy inside the cryogels influenced immune reactions of macrophages. These bioactive cryogels also stimulated improved bone regeneration in vivo through modulation of inflammation, angiogenesis and osteogenesis responses, suggesting an effective strategy to develop bioactive matrices with complex anisotropic structures beneficial to tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihai Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxiang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaozhao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Radiation Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liying Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Radiation Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Radiation Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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8
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OKAY O. Cryogelation reactions and cryogels: principles and challenges. Turk J Chem 2023; 47:910-926. [PMID: 38173748 PMCID: PMC10760876 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0527.3586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cryogelation is a powerful technique for producing macroporous hydrogels called cryogels. Although cryogelation reactions and cryogels were discovered more than 70 years ago, they attracted significant interest only in the last 20 years mainly due to their extraordinary properties compared to the classical hydrogels such as a high toughness, almost complete squeezability, a mechanically stable porous structure with honeycomb arrangement, poroelasticity, and fast responsivity against external stimuli. In this mini review, general properties of cryogelation systems including the cryoconcentration phenomenon responsible for the unique properties of the cryogels are discussed. The squeezability and poroelasticity of cryogels comparable to those seen with articular cartilage are also discussed. Cryogelation reactions conducted within the pores of preformed cryogels and some novel cryogels with attractive properties are then discussed in the last section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oğuz OKAY
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, İstanbul,
Turkiye
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9
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Samie M, Khan AF, Rahman SU, Iqbal H, Yameen MA, Chaudhry AA, Galeb HA, Halcovitch NR, Hardy JG. Drug/bioactive eluting chitosan composite foams for osteochondral tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 229:561-574. [PMID: 36587649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Joint defects associated with a variety of etiologies often extend deep into the subchondral bone leading to functional impairment and joint immobility, and it is a very challenging task to regenerate the bone-cartilage interface offering significant opportunities for biomaterial-based interventions to improve the quality of life of patients. Herein drug-/bioactive-loaded porous tissue scaffolds incorporating nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp), chitosan (CS) and either hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) or Bombyx mori silk fibroin (SF) are fabricated through freeze drying method as subchondral bone substitute. A combination of spectroscopy and microscopy (Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) were used to analyze the structure of the porous biomaterials. The compressive mechanical properties of these scaffolds are biomimetic of cancellous bone tissues and capable of releasing drugs/bioactives (exemplified with triamcinolone acetonide, TA, or transforming growth factor-β1, TGF-β1, respectively) over a period of days. Mouse preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells were observed to adhere and proliferate on the tissue scaffolds as confirmed by the cell attachment, live-dead assay and alamarBlue™ assay. Interestingly, RT-qPCR analysis showed that the TA downregulated inflammatory biomarkers and upregulated the bone-specific biomarkers, suggesting such tissue scaffolds have long-term potential for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Samie
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 54000, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Pakistan; Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire LA1 4YB, United Kingdom; Materials Science Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire LA1 4YW, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25100, Pakistan.
| | - Ather Farooq Khan
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ur Rahman
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25100, Pakistan
| | - Haffsah Iqbal
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arfat Yameen
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Aqif Anwar Chaudhry
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hanaa A Galeb
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire LA1 4YB, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, Science and Arts College, Rabigh Campus, King Abdulaziz University, 21577 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nathan R Halcovitch
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - John G Hardy
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire LA1 4YB, United Kingdom; Materials Science Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire LA1 4YW, United Kingdom.
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10
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Hou J, Ding Z, Zheng X, Shen Y, Lu Q, Kaplan DL. Tough Porous Silk Nanofiber-Derived Cryogels with Osteogenic and Angiogenic Capacity for Bone Repair. Adv Healthc Mater 2023:e2203050. [PMID: 36841910 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Tough porous cryogels with angiogenesis and osteogenesis features remain a design challenge for utility in bone regeneration. Here, building off of the recent efforts to generate tough silk nanofiber-derived cryogels with osteogenic activity, deferoxamine (DFO) is loaded in silk nanofiber-derived cryogels to introduce angiogenic capacity. Both the mechanical cues (stiffness) and the sustained release of DFO from the gels are controlled by tuning the concentration of silk nanofibers in the system, achieving a modulus above 400 kPa and slow release of the DFO over 60 days. The modulus of the cryogels and the released DFO induce osteogenic and angiogenic activity, which facilitates bone regeneration in vivo in femur defects in rat, resulting in faster regeneration of vascularized bone tissue. The tunable physical and chemical cues derived from these nanofibrous-microporous structures support the potential for silk cryogels in bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Hou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, P. R. China.,Department of Trauma Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang Affiliated to Bengbu Medical College, Lianyungang, 222023, P. R. China
| | - Zhaozhao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Radiation Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, 318000, P. R. China
| | - Yixin Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Radiation Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
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11
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Cheng X, Zhang M, Xie W, Ma X, Yang X, Cai Y. Well-aligned three-dimensional silk fibroin protein scaffold for orientation regulation of cells. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2023:1-17. [PMID: 36745185 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2023.2177828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The similar characteristics of biomaterials to the extracellular matrix are essential for efficient tissue repair through dictating cell behaviors. But the scaffold fabrication with complex shapes and controlled alignment have proven to be a difficult task. Herein, a well-designed three-dimensional silk fibroin scaffold is fabricated through ice template technology. The effect of the silk fibroin protein concentration and the freezing temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of scaffolds are investigated systematically. Cells behavior mediated by the obtained silk fibroin scaffolds is detected. The results show that the protein concentration plays a vital role in microstructure and scaffold strength. A well-aligned scaffold can be obtained when silk fibroin solution is kept at 12 wt%, which holds the highest mechanical properties. The pore size can be further adjusted in the range of 5-80 µm by changing the freezing temperature from -60 to -196 °C. The well-oriented scaffold with the appropriate pore size of 10-20 µm has the best ability to guide cell alignment. The resulting scaffolds provide an excellent matrix to guide cells behaviors and have a potential application in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwen Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minghao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjiao Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaogang Yang
- Academy of Science and Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yurong Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Zhong L, Dong Z, Liu Y, Chen C, Xu Z. Construction of strong and tough carboxymethyl cellulose-based oriented hydrogels by phase separation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:79-89. [PMID: 36460246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Anisotropic hydrogels have attracted extensive attention because they are similar to natural hydrogel-like materials and exhibit superiority and new functions that isotropic hydrogels cannot. Here, we fabricated strong and tough carboxymethyl cellulose-based conductive hydrogels with oriented hierarchical structures through pre-stretching, solvent displacement induced phase separation, and subsequent ionic crosslinking immobilization. Solvent displacement made the pre-stretched carboxymethyl cellulose-based polymer network more dense and linear, while the toughness of the hydrogel was further improved under the effect of phase separation. Strong and tough hydrogels were prepared by combining pre-stretching and phase separation; the variation range (tensile strength of 2.24-6.19 MPa and toughness of 19.41-22.92 MJ/m3) can be adjusted by the stretching ratio. Compared with traditional carboxymethyl cellulose-based hydrogels, the tensile strength and toughness were increased by 49 times and 15 times, respectively. In addition, the hydrogels had good underwater stability, ion cross-linking made the hydrogels have good conductivity, and the directional stratification structure gave the hydrogels conductive anisotropy. These characteristics give hydrogel sensors broad application prospects in flexible wearable devices, anisotropic sensors, and intelligent underwater devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhaoji Dong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yuanquan Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chuchu Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Zhaoyang Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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13
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De Berardinis L, Plazzotta S, Manzocco L. Optimising Soy and Pea Protein Gelation to Obtain Hydrogels Intended as Precursors of Food-Grade Dried Porous Materials. Gels 2023; 9:gels9010062. [PMID: 36661828 PMCID: PMC9858295 DOI: 10.3390/gels9010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dried porous materials based on plant proteins are attracting large attention thanks to their potential use as sustainable food ingredients. Nevertheless, plant proteins present lower gelling properties than animal ones. Plant protein gelling could be improved by optimising gelation conditions by acting on protein concentration, pH, and ionic strength. This work aimed to systematically study the effect of these factors on the gelation behaviour of soy and pea protein isolates. Protein suspensions having different concentrations (10, 15, and 20% w/w), pH (3.0, 4.5, 7.0), and ionic strength (IS, 0.0, 0.6, 1.5 M) were heat-treated (95 °C for 15 min) and characterised for rheological properties and physical stability. Strong hydrogels having an elastic modulus (G') higher than 103 Pa and able to retain more than 90% water were only obtained from suspensions containing at least 15% soy protein, far from the isoelectric point and at an IS above 0.6 M. By contrast, pea protein gelation was achieved only at a high concentration (20%), and always resulted in weak gels, which showed increasing G' with the increase in pH and IS. Results were rationalised into a map identifying the gelation conditions to modulate the rheological properties of soy and pea protein hydrogels, for their subsequent conversion into xerogels, cryogels, and aerogels.
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14
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Designing Silk-Based Cryogels for Biomedical Applications. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 8:biomimetics8010005. [PMID: 36648791 PMCID: PMC9844337 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need to develop the next generation of medical products that require biomaterials with improved properties. The versatility of various gels has pushed them to the forefront of biomaterials research. Cryogels, a type of gel scaffold made by controlled crosslinking under subzero or freezing temperatures, have great potential to address many current challenges. Unlike their hydrogel counterparts, which are also able to hold large amounts of biologically relevant fluids such as water, cryogels are often characterized by highly dense and crosslinked polymer walls, macroporous structures, and often improved properties. Recently, one biomaterial that has garnered a lot of interest for cryogel fabrication is silk and its derivatives. In this review, we provide a brief overview of silk-based biomaterials and how cryogelation can be used for novel scaffold design. We discuss how various parameters and fabrication strategies can be used to tune the properties of silk-based biomaterials. Finally, we discuss specific biomedical applications of silk-based biomaterials. Ultimately, we aim to demonstrate how the latest advances in silk-based cryogel scaffolds can be used to address challenges in numerous bioengineering disciplines.
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15
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Elango J, Lijnev A, Zamora-Ledezma C, Alexis F, Wu W, Marín JMG, Sanchez de Val JEM. The Relationship of Rheological Properties and the Performance of Silk Fibroin Hydrogels in Tissue Engineering Application. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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16
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Akin B, Ozmen MM. Antimicrobial cryogel dressings towards effective wound healing. Prog Biomater 2022; 11:331-346. [PMID: 36123436 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-022-00202-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryogels are macroporous hydrogels that have been widely utilized in a variety of biomedical applications including wound dressings. Cryogels reveal superior mechanical and swelling properties as well as large and interconnected porosity. As traditional hydrogel wound dressings generally show undesirable mechanical and swelling characteristics, cryogels, due to their toughness and superfast swelling, offer an outstanding platform to address the growing number of various types of wounds. Moreover, recently, cryogel wound dressings loaded with an antimicrobial agent emerged as a feasible option to reduce infection, and thus improve the wound healing process. However, a comprehensive review of antimicrobial cryogels as a wound dressing is still lacking in the literature. In this review, we summarize the progress of cryogels in the area of wound dressings and provide an overview of the various polymers, namely, natural and synthetic which have been employed in cryogel wound dressing preparation. Furthermore, the most prominent antimicrobial agents incorporated in cryogel wound dressings are provided. Finally, the future directions of cryogel wound dressings for wound healing are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basak Akin
- Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, 34210, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Murat Ozmen
- Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, 34210, Istanbul, Turkey.
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17
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Fang T, Zhu J, Xu S, Jia L, Ma Y. Highly stretchable, self-healing and conductive silk fibroin-based double network gels via a sonication-induced and self-emulsifying green procedure. RSC Adv 2022; 12:11574-11582. [PMID: 35432940 PMCID: PMC9007228 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00954d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerated silk fibroin (RSF)-based hydrogels are promising biomedical materials due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, the weak mechanical properties and lack of functionality limit their practical applications. Here, we developed a tough and conductive RSF-based double network (DN) gel, consisting of a sonication-induced β-sheet physically crosslinked RSF/S gel as the first network and a hydrophobically associated polyacrylamide/stearyl methacrylate (PAAm/C18) gel as the second network. In particular, the cross-linking points of the second network were micelles formed by emulsifying the hydrophobic monomer (C18M) with a natural SF- capryl glucoside co-surfactant. The reversible dynamic bonds in the DN provided good self-healing ability and an effective dissipative energy mechanism for the DN hydrogel, while the addition of calcium ions improved the self-healing ability and electrical conductivity of the hydrogel. Under optimal conditions, the RSF/S-PAAm/C18 DN gels exhibited large extensibility (1400%), high tensile strength (0.3 MPa), satisfactory self-healing capability (90%) and electrical conductivity (0.12 S·m-1). The full physically interacted DN hydrogels are expected to be applied in various fields such as tissue engineering, biosensors and artificial electronic skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Fang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Jingxin Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Shuai Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Lan Jia
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Yanlong Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
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18
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Tian Y, Zhang X, Feng X, Zhang J, Zhong T. Shapeable and underwater super-elastic cellulose nanofiber/alginate cryogels by freezing-induced oxa-Michael reaction for efficient protein purification. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 272:118498. [PMID: 34420751 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Construction of monolithic cryogels that can efficiently adsorb proteins is of great significance in biotechnological and pharmaceutical industries. Herein, a novel approach is presented to fabricate microfibrillated cellulose (MFC)/sodium alginate (SA) cryogels by using freezing-induced oxa-Michael reaction at -12 °C. Thanks to the controllable reactiveness of divinyl sulfone (DVS), cryo-concentrated pH increase activates the oxa-Michael reaction between DVS and hydroxyl groups of MFCs and SAs. The obtained composite cryogel exhibits outstanding underwater shape recovery and excellent fatigue resistance. Moreover, the MFC/SAs reveal a high lysozyme adsorption capacity of 294.12 mg/g, surpassing most of absorbent materials previously reported. Furthermore, the cryogel-packed column can purify lysozyme continuously from chicken egg white, highlighting its outstanding practical application performance. Reuse experiments indicated that over 90% of lysozyme extraction capacity was retained after 6 cycles. This work provides a new avenue to design and develop next-generation chromatographic media of natural polysaccharide-based cryogel for protein purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China
| | - Xufeng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China.
| | - Xiyun Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China.
| | - Jinmeng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China
| | - Tianyi Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China
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19
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Zhang J, Zhang X, Tian Y, Zhong T, Liu F. Novel and wet-resilient cellulose nanofiber cryogels with tunable porosity and improved mechanical strength for methyl orange dyes removal. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:125897. [PMID: 34492835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Interconnected macro-porous cryogels with robust and pore-tunable structures have been fabricated using chemically crosslinked microfibrillated cellulose (MFC). Periodate oxidation was initially conducted to introduce aldehyde groups into the MFC surface, followed by the freeze-induced chemical crosslinking via the formation of hemiacetal bonds between aldehyde and hydroxyl at -12 °C. The cryogels with pore-tunable structures and sharply enhanced mechanical strengths were finally achieved by re-assembly of MFCs through soaking in NaIO4 solution. Furthermore, the MFC cryogels were post-crosslinked by polyethyleneimine (PEI), bestowing the cryogels with the capability of adsorbing anionic dyes. The stress of the PEI-MFC cryogel at the 80% strain was determined to be 304.5 kPa, which is the maximum value for the nanocellulose-based cryogels reported so far. Finally, the adsorption performances of PEI-MFC cryogels for methyl orange (MO) were evaluated. Maximum adsorption capacity of 500 mg/g could be obtained by the Langmuir model, outperforming that of previous absorbent materials. Reuse experiments indicated that over 90% of adsorption capacity was retained after 6 cycles. Continuous clean-up experiments demonstrated excellent MO removal abilities of the PEI-MFC cryogel. This study shows that the novel, green strategy to fabricate the robust cryogel extends the practical applications of nanocellulose adsorbents for environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmeng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China.
| | - Xufeng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China.
| | - Yiran Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China.
| | - Tianyi Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China.
| | - Fengyi Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China.
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20
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Joukhdar H, Seifert A, Jüngst T, Groll J, Lord MS, Rnjak-Kovacina J. Ice Templating Soft Matter: Fundamental Principles and Fabrication Approaches to Tailor Pore Structure and Morphology and Their Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100091. [PMID: 34236118 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Porous scaffolds are widely used in biomedical applications where pore size and morphology influence a range of biological processes, including mass transfer of solutes, cellular interactions and organization, immune responses, and tissue vascularization, as well as drug delivery from biomaterials. Ice templating, one of the most widely utilized techniques for the fabrication of porous materials, allows control over pore morphology by controlling ice formation in a suspension of solutes. By fine-tuning freezing and solute parameters, ice templating can be used to incorporate pores with tunable morphological features into a wide range of materials using a simple, accessible, and scalable process. While soft matter is widely ice templated for biomedical applications and includes commercial and clinical products, the principles underpinning its ice templating are not reviewed as well as their inorganic counterparts. This review describes and critically evaluates fundamental principles, fabrication and characterization approaches, and biomedical applications of ice templating in polymer-based biomaterials. It describes the utility of porous scaffolds in biomedical applications, highlighting biological mechanisms impacted by pore features, outlines the physical and thermodynamic mechanisms underpinning ice templating, describes common fabrication setups, critically evaluates complexities of ice templating specific to polymers, and discusses future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Joukhdar
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Annika Seifert
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication, University of Würzburg and KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tomasz Jüngst
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication, University of Würzburg and KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication, University of Würzburg and KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Megan S Lord
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jelena Rnjak-Kovacina
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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21
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Zheng H, Zuo B. Functional silk fibroin hydrogels: preparation, properties and applications. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:1238-1258. [PMID: 33406183 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02099k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the hydrogels prepared from silk fibroin have received immense research attention due to the advantages of safe nature, biocompatibility, controllable degradation and capability to combine with other materials. They have broad application prospects in biomedicine and other fields. However, the traditional silk protein hydrogels have a simple network structure and single functionality, thus, leading to poor adaptability towards complex application environments. As a result, the application fields and development have been significantly restricted. However, the development of functional silk protein hydrogels has provided the opportunities to overcome the limitations of the silk protein hydrogels. In recent years, the functional design of the silk protein hydrogels and their potential applications have attracted the attention of scholars worldwide. Nevertheless, a comprehensive review on functional silk protein hydrogels is missing so far. In order to gain an in-depth understanding of the development status of the functional silk protein hydrogels, this article reviews the current status of the preparation, properties and application of the functional silk protein hydrogels. The article first briefly introduces the current cross-linking methods (including physical and chemical cross-linking), principles, advantages and limitations of the silk protein hydrogels. Subsequently, the types of functional silk protein hydrogels (e.g., high strength, injectable, self-healing, adhesive, conductive, environmental stimuli-responsive, 3D printable, etc.) and design principles for functional implementation have been introduced. Next, based on the advantages of the various functional aspects of the silk protein hydrogels, the applications of these hydrogels in the biomedical field (tissue engineering, sustained drug release, wound repair, adhesives, etc.) and bioelectronics are reviewed. Finally, the development prospects and challenges associated with silk protein functional hydrogels have been analyzed. It is hoped that this study will contribute towards the future innovation of the silk protein hydrogels by promoting the rational design of new mechanisms and successful realization of the target applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zheng
- School of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215100, China.
| | - Baoqi Zuo
- School of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215100, China.
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22
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Dual-crosslinked silk fibroin hydrogels with elasticity and cytocompatibility for the regeneration of articular cartilage. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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23
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Zhao Y, Zhu ZS, Guan J, Wu SJ. Processing, mechanical properties and bio-applications of silk fibroin-based high-strength hydrogels. Acta Biomater 2021; 125:57-71. [PMID: 33601067 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels are an attractive class of materials that possess similar structural and functional characteristics to wet biological tissues and demonstrate a diversity of applications in biomedical engineering. Silk fibroin (SF) is a unique natural polymer due to its fibrous protein nature, versatile formats, biocompatibility, tunable biodegradation and is thus a good hydrogel candidate for bio-applications. Compared to synthetic polymer hydrogels, poor mechanical performance is still a fatal drawback that hinders the application of SF hydrogels as structural materials. Researchers have attempted to develop strategies to construct silk fibroin-based high-strength hydrogels (SF-HSHs). Herein, we firstly provide an overview of the approaches of processing SF-HSHs with a focus on the physical/non-covalent crosslinking mechanisms. The examples of SF-HSHs are discussed in detail under four categories, including physical-crosslinked, dual-crosslinked, double network and composite hydrogels respectively. A brief section follows to elucidate on the gelation mechanisms of SF-HSHs before a description of the utility of SF-HSHs in biomedicine and devices is presented. Finally, the potential challenges and future development of SF-HSHs are briefly discussed. This review aims to enhance our understanding of the structure-mechanical property-function relationships of soft materials made from natural polymers and guide future research of silk fibroin-based hydrogels for biomedical applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Silk fibroin (SF) extracted from silk fibres is increasingly applied in the biomedical field, and SF hydrogel has been an emerging area for frontier bio-research. Since SF biopolymer has an intrinsic tendency to form regular β-sheet stacks, it can be processed into purely physically crosslinked hydrogels, thus avoiding the use of chemical crosslinkers. Nevertheless, akin to other natural polymers, lab-produced SF is variable (i.e. the molecular weight and distribution), and the gelation of SF hydrogel is challenging to control. In addition, hydrogels made from SF are usually weak and brittle, which hinders the wide use of this biofriendly and biodegradable hydrogel. Recently, there is a pressing need for high strength hydrogels from natural polymers for biomedical applications, and SF is proposed as a strong candidate. Therefore, we have studied the literature in the past 10 years and would like to focus on the gelation mechanism and mechanical strength of SF hydrogels for the review.
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Oral CB, Yetiskin B, Okay O. Stretchable silk fibroin hydrogels. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:1371-1380. [PMID: 32791264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels derived from silk fibroin (SF) are attractive soft materials in biomedical applications such as drug delivery and tissue engineering. However, SF hydrogels reported so far are generally brittle in tension limiting their load-bearing applications. We present here a novel strategy for preparing stretchable SF hydrogels by incorporating flexible polymer chains into the brittle SF network, which strengthen the interconnections between SF globules. We included N, N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAA) monomer and ammonium persulfate initiator into an aqueous SF solution containing a diepoxide cross-linker to in situ generate flexible poly (N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMAA) chains. Moreover, instead of SF, methacrylated SF was used for the gel preparation to create an interconnected SF/PDMAA network. The free-radical polymerization of DMAA leads to the formation of PDMAA chains interconnecting globular SF molecules via their pendant vinyl groups. Incorporation of 2 w/v% DMAA into the SF network turns the brittle hydrogel into a stretchable one sustaining up to 370% elongation ratio. The mechanical properties of SF hydrogels could be adjusted by the amount of PDMAA incorporated into the SF network. The stretchable and tough SF hydrogels thus developed are suitable as a scaffold in tissue engineering and offer an advantage as a biomaterial over other SF-based biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Oral
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - B Yetiskin
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - O Okay
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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25
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Mao Z, Bi X, Ye F, Shu X, Sun L, Guan J, Ritchie RO, Wu S. Controlled Cryogelation and Catalytic Cross-Linking Yields Highly Elastic and Robust Silk Fibroin Scaffolds. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4512-4522. [PMID: 33455190 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Silk biomaterials with tunable mechanical properties and biological properties are of special importance for tissue engineering. Here, we fabricated silk fibroin (SF, from Bombyx mori silk) scaffolds from cryogelation under controlled temperature and catalytic cross-linking conditions. Structurally, the cryogelled scaffolds demonstrated a greater β-sheet content but significantly smaller β-sheet domains compared to that without chemical cross-linking and catalyst. Mechanically, the cryogelled scaffolds were softer and highly elastic under tension and compression. The 120% tensile elongation and >85% recoverable compressive strain were among the best properties reported for SF scaffolds. Cyclic compression tests proved the robustness of such scaffolds to resist fatigue. The mechanical properties, as well as the degradation rate of the scaffolds, can be fine-tuned by varying the concentrations of the catalyst and the cross-linker. For biological responses, in vitro rat bone mesenchymal stem cell (rBMSC) culture studies demonstrated that cryogelled SF scaffolds supported better cell attachment and proliferation than the routine freeze-thawed scaffolds. The in vivo subcutaneous implantation results showed excellent histocompatibility and tissue ingrowth for the cryogelled SF scaffolds. This straightforward approach of enhanced elasticity of SF scaffolds and fine-tunability in mechanical performances, suggests a promising strategy to develop novel SF biomaterials for soft tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhinan Mao
- International Research Center for Advanced Structural and Biomaterials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xuewei Bi
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fan Ye
- International Research Center for Advanced Structural and Biomaterials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiong Shu
- Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology & Orthopaedics, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology & Orthopaedics, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Juan Guan
- International Research Center for Advanced Structural and Biomaterials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Robert O Ritchie
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sujun Wu
- International Research Center for Advanced Structural and Biomaterials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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Yang H, Wang Z, Wang M, Li C. Structure and properties of silk fibroin aerogels prepared by non-alkali degumming process. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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27
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Alendronate-functionalized poly(amido amine) cryogels of high-toughness for biomedical applications. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Tavsanli B, Okay O. Macroporous methacrylated hyaluronic acid cryogels of high mechanical strength and flow-dependent viscoelasticity. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 229:115458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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29
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Baptista M, Joukhdar H, Alcala-Orozco CR, Lau K, Jiang S, Cui X, He S, Tang F, Heu C, Woodfield TBF, Lim KS, Rnjak-Kovacina J. Silk fibroin photo-lyogels containing microchannels as a biomaterial platform for in situ tissue engineering. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:7093-7105. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01010c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Silk photo-lyogels fabricated by di-tyrosine photo-crosslinking and ice-templating silk fibroin on 3D printed templates toward in situ tissue engineering applications.
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Akbarzadeh P, Koukabi N. Fibroin‐functionalized magnetic carbon nanotube as a green support for anchoring silver nanoparticles as a biocatalyst for A
3
coupling reaction. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Akbarzadeh
- Department of ChemistrySemnan University PO Box 35195‐363 Semnan Iran
| | - Nadiya Koukabi
- Department of ChemistrySemnan University PO Box 35195‐363 Semnan Iran
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31
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Akca O, Yetiskin B, Okay O. Hydrophobically modified nanocomposite hydrogels with self‐healing ability. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Akca
- Department of ChemistryIstanbul Technical University 34469 Maslak, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Berkant Yetiskin
- Department of ChemistryIstanbul Technical University 34469 Maslak, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Oguz Okay
- Department of ChemistryIstanbul Technical University 34469 Maslak, Istanbul Turkey
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32
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Zhao Y, Guan J, Wu SJ. Highly Stretchable and Tough Physical Silk Fibroin-Based Double Network Hydrogels. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1900389. [PMID: 31692142 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) is a promising biomedical material, but the poor mechanical properties of RSF hydrogels may hinder the use as structural components. Herein, an equilibrium RSF hydrogel is prepared and optimized based on the double network (DN) concept. After sufficient soaking in water and removal of small molecules, the equilibrium RSF DN hydrogels prove stable in water, strong, highly extensible, and tough with 0.26-0.44 MPa tensile strength, 500-900% elongation, and 2 MJ m-3 work of extension. The combination of high strength and extensibility is attributed to the homogeneous morphology and the hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding between the two networks. The strategy in this work overcomes the previous issue of swelling and eventual fracture of as-prepared RSF/SDS DN hydrogels in water. In addition, such mechanically superior RSF DN hydrogels also display low cytotoxicity. It concludes that the elastic and tough RSF DN hydrogels could be engineered by introducing widely used polymer networks, and the hydrogels from inexpensive, environmentally friendly, and biocompatible silk fibroin may hold great potential in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Intl. Research Center for Advanced Structural and Biomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Juan Guan
- Intl. Research Center for Advanced Structural and Biomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Su Jun Wu
- Intl. Research Center for Advanced Structural and Biomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beijing, 100083, China
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33
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Su E, Okay O. Cryogenic formation-structure-property relationships of poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) cryogels. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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34
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Suner SS, Demirci S, Yetiskin B, Fakhrullin R, Naumenko E, Okay O, Ayyala RS, Sahiner N. Cryogel composites based on hyaluronic acid and halloysite nanotubes as scaffold for tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 130:627-635. [PMID: 30840861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We present here preparation of mechanically strong and biocompatible cryogel composites based on hyaluronic acid (HA) and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) of various compositions, and their applications as scaffold for different cell growing media. Uniaxial compression tests reveal that the incorporation of HNTs into HA cryogels leads to a ~2.5-fold increase in their Young moduli, e.g., from 38 ± 1 to 99 ± 4 kPa at a HA:HNTs weight ratio of 1:2. Although HA:HNTs based cryogels were found to be blood compatible with 1.37 ± 0.11% hemolysis ratio at a HA:HNTs weight ratio of 1:2, they trigger thrombogenic activity with a blood clotting index of 17.3 ± 4.8. Remarkably, HA:HNTs cryogel composites were found to be excellent scaffold materials in the proliferation of rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), human cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa), and human colon cancer cells (HCT116). The cell studies revealed that an increased amount of HNT embedding into HA cryogels leads to an increase of MSC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selin S Suner
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience and Technology Research and Application Center, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Terzioglu Campus, 17100 Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Sahin Demirci
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience and Technology Research and Application Center, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Terzioglu Campus, 17100 Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Berkant Yetiskin
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rawil Fakhrullin
- Bionanotechnology Lab, Kazan Federal University, Kreml uramı 18, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Naumenko
- Bionanotechnology Lab, Kazan Federal University, Kreml uramı 18, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Oguz Okay
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ramesh S Ayyala
- Department of Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd. MDC 21, 33612, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nurettin Sahiner
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience and Technology Research and Application Center, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Terzioglu Campus, 17100 Canakkale, Turkey; Department of Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd. MDC 21, 33612, Tampa, FL, USA.
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