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Zeng B, Fu Y, Ye J, Yang P, Cui S, Qiu W, Li Y, Wu T, Zhang H, Wang Y, Du G, Liu S. Ancestral sequence reconstruction of the prokaryotic three-domain laccases for efficiently degrading polyethylene. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135012. [PMID: 38944993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Biodegradation of polyethylene (PE) plastics is environmentally friendly. To obtain the laccases that can efficiently degrade PE plastics, we generated 9 ancestral laccases from 23 bacterial three-domain laccases through ancestral sequence reconstruction. The optimal temperatures of the ancestral laccases were between 60 °C-80 °C, while their optimal pHs were at 3.0 or 4.0. Without substrate pretreatment and mediator addition, all the ancestral laccases can degrade low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films at pH 7.0 and 60 °C. Among them, Anc52, which shared low sequence identity (18 %-41.7 %) with the reported PE-degrading laccases, was the most effective for LDPE degradation. After the catalytic reactions at 90 °C for 14 h, Anc52 (0.2 mg/mL) induced clear wrinkles and deep pits on the PE film surface detected by scanning electron microscope, and its carbonyl and hydroxyl indices reached 2.08 and 2.42, respectively. Then, we identified the residues 203 and 288 critical for PE degradation through site-directed mutation on Anc52. Moreover, Anc52 be activated by heat treatment (60 °C and 90 °C) at pH 7.0, which gave it a high catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km= 191.73 mM-1·s-1) and thermal stability (half-life at 70 °C = 13.70 h). The ancestral laccases obtained here could be good candidates for PE biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zeng
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yishan Fu
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jiacai Ye
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Penghui Yang
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shixiu Cui
- JiaXing Institute of Future Food, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China
| | - Wenxuan Qiu
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Taoxu Wu
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Haiyun Zhang
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yachan Wang
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Song Liu
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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2
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Farooq M, Rauf N, Marwat SA, Shabbir G, Ihsan J, Mohamed RMK. Facile synthesis and optimization of Acacia senegal gum hydrogel for kinetically treated adsorptive removal of targeted industrial effluents. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:134879. [PMID: 39168198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
This context summarizes a detail on the fabrication of Acacia senegal Gum Hydrogel (ASGh) within well-engineered microemulsion, and thereafter chemical modification for environmental remediation. In brief, Divinylsulfone was used to crosslink polymeric chains and produce ASGh in ˂50 μm size within the reverse-microemulsion of Natrium-bis-(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate in gasoline. ASGh were subjected to chemical modification via versatile diethylenetriamine to produce m-[ASGh] for adsorptive removal of methyl orange (MO), eosin Y (EY) and congo red (CR) from waste-water. ASGh and m-[ASGh] were characterized through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and zeta potential measurements. For instance, FT-IR spectra depicted new bands upon Diethylenetriamine modification. The zeta potential measurements confirm a positively charged surface of m-[ASGh] upon Diethylenetriamine addition. Interestingly, 0.05 g m-[ASGh] demonstrated 91.0, 84.1, and 73.0 % removal efficiency towards MO, EY and CR, respectively in 2 h equilibrium time. Langmuir, Freundlich and modified-Freundlich isotherms were applied to further delineate adsorption data. Modified-Freundlich model depicted comparatively more agreeable fit, and delivered R2 value nearer to unity. Further, 143 mg·g-1, 130 mg·g-1 and, 116 mg·g-1 maximum adsorption capacity (QM) was represented by m-[ASGh] towards MO, EY and CR, respectively in 2 h. Interestingly, real water sample were tested whereby, the QM against MO, EY and CR was 146 mg·g-1, 132 mg·g-1 and, 111 mg·g-1, respectively in 2 h equilibrium time. To conclude, m-[ASGh] could be treated as decolorizing agent in real waste-water polluted through negatively charged organic pollutants, particularly MO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farooq
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR), Ministry of Science and Technology, 1-Constituti on Avenue, Sector G-5/2, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Naseem Rauf
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR), Ministry of Science and Technology, 1-Constituti on Avenue, Sector G-5/2, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Sohail Ameer Marwat
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR), Ministry of Science and Technology, 1-Constituti on Avenue, Sector G-5/2, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Shabbir
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR), Ministry of Science and Technology, 1-Constituti on Avenue, Sector G-5/2, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Ihsan
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Rasha M K Mohamed
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box: 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, P.O. Box: 71515, Assiut, Egypt
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3
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Tepper K, Edwards O, Sunna A, Paulsen IT, Maselko M. Diverting organic waste from landfills via insect biomanufacturing using engineered black soldier flies (Hermetia illucens). Commun Biol 2024; 7:862. [PMID: 39048665 PMCID: PMC11269589 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06516-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A major roadblock towards the realisation of a circular economy are the lack of high-value products that can be generated from waste. Black soldier flies (BSF; Hermetia illucens) are gaining traction for their ability to rapidly consume large quantities of organic wastes. However, these are primarily used to produce a small variety of products, such as animal feed ingredients and fertiliser. Using synthetic biology, BSF could be developed into a novel sustainable biomanufacturing platform to valorise a broader variety of organic waste feedstocks into enhanced animal feeds, a large variety of high-value biomolecules including industrial enzymes and lipids, and improved fertiliser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Tepper
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- EntoZyme PTY LTD, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Anwar Sunna
- School of Natural Sciences, Mascquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ian T Paulsen
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Natural Sciences, Mascquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maciej Maselko
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- EntoZyme PTY LTD, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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4
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Garcia-Sanz C, Andreu A, Pawlyta M, Vukoičić A, Milivojević A, de las Rivas B, Bezbradica D, Palomo JM. Artificial Manganese Metalloenzymes with Laccase-like Activity: Design, Synthesis, and Characterization. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:4760-4771. [PMID: 38916249 PMCID: PMC11253090 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Laccase is an oxidase of great industrial interest due to its ability to catalyze oxidation processes of phenols and persistent organic pollutants. However, it is susceptible to denaturation at high temperatures, sensitive to pH, and unstable in the presence of high concentrations of solvents, which is a issue for industrial use. To solve this problem, this work develops the synthesis in an aqueous medium of a new Mn metalloenzyme with laccase oxidase mimetic catalytic activity. Geobacillus thermocatenulatus lipase (GTL) was used as a scaffold enzyme, mixed with a manganese salt at 50 °C in an aqueous medium. This leads to the in situ formation of manganese(IV) oxide nanowires that interact with the enzyme, yielding a GTL-Mn bionanohybrid. On the other hand, its oxidative activity was evaluated using the ABTS assay, obtaining a catalytic efficiency 300 times higher than that of Trametes versicolor laccase. This new Mn metalloenzyme was 2 times more stable at 40 °C, 3 times more stable in the presence of 10% acetonitrile, and 10 times more stable in 20% acetonitrile than Novozym 51003 laccase. Furthermore, the site-selective immobilized GTL-Mn showed a much higher stability than the soluble form. The oxidase-like activity of this Mn metalloenzyme was successfully demonstrated against other substrates, such as l-DOPA or phloridzin, in oligomerization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Garcia-Sanz
- Instituto
de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica (ICP), CSIC, c/Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Andreu
- Instituto
de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica (ICP), CSIC, c/Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mirosława Pawlyta
- Faculty
of Mechanical Technology, Silesian Technical
University, Stanisława
Konarskiego 18A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Ana Vukoičić
- Innovation
Center of Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Milivojević
- Faculty
of Technology and Metallurgy, University
of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Blanca de las Rivas
- Department
of Microbial Biotechnology, Institute of
Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dejan Bezbradica
- Faculty
of Technology and Metallurgy, University
of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jose M. Palomo
- Instituto
de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica (ICP), CSIC, c/Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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5
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Wong-Romero JI, Vidal-Limon A, Aguila SA. Laccase catalytic activity shielded by SiO 2 nanostructured materials: an in vitro and in silico approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:4902-4908. [PMID: 37325844 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2223693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the enhancement of enzymatic catalytic performance by immobilizing laccase on various nanostructured mesoporous silica materials (SBA-15, MCF, and MSU-F). The activity of immobilized laccase was evaluated under different hydrothermal, pH, and solvent conditions, with laccase@MSU-F showing a three-fold increase in stability. Laccase immobilized on these materials demonstrated stability in a pH range of 4.5 to 10.0, while free laccase was inactivated at pH higher than 7. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that electrostatic interactions and protective confinement effects contribute to the improved stability of immobilized laccase. Overall, the findings suggest that nanomaterials can enhance the operational stability and recovery of enzymes.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ivan Wong-Romero
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ensenada, Baja California
- Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education of Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California
| | - Abraham Vidal-Limon
- Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL). Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Veracruz, México
| | - Sergio A Aguila
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ensenada, Baja California
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Fernandes AJ, Shibukawa VP, Prata AMR, Segato F, Dos Santos JC, Ferraz A, Milagres AMF. Using low-shear aerated and agitated bioreactor for producing two specific laccases by trametes versicolor cultures induced by 2,5-xylidine: Process development and economic analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 401:130737. [PMID: 38677383 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Laccase isoforms from basidiomycetes exhibit a superior redox potential compared to commercially available laccases obtained from ascomycete fungi, rendering them more reactive toward mono-substituted phenols and polyphenolic compounds. However, basidiomycetes present limitations for large-scale culture in liquid media, restraining the current availability of laccases from this fungal class. To advance laccase production from basidiomycetes, a newly designed 14-L low-shear aerated and agitated bioreactor provided enzyme titers up to 23.5 IU/mL from Trametes versicolor cultures. Produced enzymes underwent ultrafiltration and LC/MS-MS characterization, revealing the predominant production of only two out of the ten laccases predicted in the T. versicolor genome. Process simulation and economic analysis using SuperPro designer® suggested that T. versicolor laccase could be produced at US$ 3.60/kIU in a 200-L/batch enterprise with attractive economic parameters and a payback period of 1.7 years. The study indicates that new bioreactors with plain design help to produce low-cost enzymes from basidiomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- André J Fernandes
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, University of Sao Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Vinícius P Shibukawa
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, University of Sao Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Arnaldo M R Prata
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, University of Sao Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Segato
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, University of Sao Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Julio C Dos Santos
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, University of Sao Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - André Ferraz
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, University of Sao Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriane M F Milagres
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, University of Sao Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil.
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7
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Wang J, Zhang W, Wu C, Hong Y, Shen G, Wang W, Tang H, Mochidzuki K, Cui Z, Khan A, Wang W. Synergistic analysis of lignin degrading bacterial consortium and its application in rice straw fiber film. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172386. [PMID: 38604360 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Fiber film have received widespread attention due to its green friendliness. We can use microorganisms to degrade lignin in straw to obtain cellulose and make fiber films. Herein, a group of high-temperature (50 °C) lignin degrading bacterial consortium (LDH) was enriched and culture conditions for lignin degradation were optimized. Combined with high-throughput sequencing technology, the synergistic effect of LDH-composited bacteria was analyzed. Then LDH was used to treat rice straw for the bio-pulping experiment. The results showed that the lignin of rice straw was degraded 32.4 % by LDH at 50 °C for 10 d, and after the optimization of culture conditions, lignin degradation rate increased by 9.05 % (P < 0.001). The bacteria that compose in LDH can synergistically degrade lignin. Paenibacillus can encode all lignin-degrading enzymes present in the LDH. Preliminary tests of LDH in the pulping industry have been completed. This study is the first to use high temperature lignin degrading bacteria to fabricate fiber film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China; College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Chenying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Yanhua Hong
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Guinan Shen
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Hongzhi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Kazuhiro Mochidzuki
- A-ESG Science and Technology Research Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 7398527, Japan
| | - Zongjun Cui
- College of Agronomy, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, PR China
| | - Aman Khan
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China; College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China.
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Wang L, Liu Z, Yao L, Liu S, Wang Q, Qu H, Wu Y, Mao Y, Zheng L. A Bioinspired Single-Atom Fe Nanozyme with Excellent Laccase-Like Activity for Efficient Aflatoxin B 1 Removal. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400629. [PMID: 38682737 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The applications of natural laccases are greatly restricted because of their drawbacks like poor biostability, high costs, and low recovery efficiency. M/NC single atom nanozymes (M/NC SAzymes) are presenting as great substitutes due to their superior enzyme-like activity, excellent selectivity and high stability. In this work, inspired by the catalytic active center of natural enzyme, a biomimetic Fe/NC SAzyme (Fe-SAzyme) with O2-Fe-N4 coordination is successfully developed, exhibiting excellent laccase-like activity. Compared with their natural counterpart, Fe-SAzyme has shown superior catalytic efficiency and excellent stability under a wide range of pH (3.0-9.0), temperature (4-80 °C) and NaCl strength (0-300 mm). Interestingly, density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the high catalytic performance is attributed to the activation of O2 by O2-Fe-N4 sites, which weakened the O─O bonds in the oxygen-to-water oxidation pathway. Furthermore, Fe-SAzyme is successfully applied for efficient aflatoxin B1 removal based on its robust laccase-like catalytic activity. This work provides a strategy for the rational design of laccase-like SAzymes, and the proposed catalytic mechanism will help to understand the coordination environment effect of SAzymes on laccase-like catalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Zixuan Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Lili Yao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Qiuping Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Hao Qu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Yuen Wu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yu Mao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zheng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, P. R. China
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9
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Zhao S, Deng D, Wan T, Feng J, Deng L, Tian Q, Wang J, Aiman UE, Mukhaddi B, Hu X, Chen S, Qiu L, Huang L, Wei Y. Lignin bioconversion based on genome mining for ligninolytic genes in Erwinia billingiae QL-Z3. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:25. [PMID: 38360683 PMCID: PMC10870720 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02470-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioconversion of plant biomass into biofuels and bio-products produces large amounts of lignin. The aromatic biopolymers need to be degraded before being converted into value-added bio-products. Microbes can be environment-friendly and efficiently degrade lignin. Compared to fungi, bacteria have some advantages in lignin degradation, including broad tolerance to pH, temperature, and oxygen and the toolkit for genetic manipulation. RESULTS Our previous study isolated a novel ligninolytic bacterial strain Erwinia billingiae QL-Z3. Under optimized conditions, its rate of lignin degradation was 25.24% at 1.5 g/L lignin as the sole carbon source. Whole genome sequencing revealed 4556 genes in the genome of QL-Z3. Among 4428 protein-coding genes are 139 CAZyme genes, including 54 glycoside hydrolase (GH) and 16 auxiliary activity (AA) genes. In addition, 74 genes encoding extracellular enzymes are potentially involved in lignin degradation. Real-time PCR quantification demonstrated that the expression of potential ligninolytic genes were significantly induced by lignin. 8 knock-out mutants and complementary strains were constructed. Disruption of the gene for ELAC_205 (laccase) as well as EDYP_48 (Dyp-type peroxidase), ESOD_1236 (superoxide dismutase), EDIO_858 (dioxygenase), EMON_3330 (monooxygenase), or EMCAT_3587 (manganese catalase) significantly reduced the lignin-degrading activity of QL-Z3 by 47-69%. Heterologously expressed and purified enzymes further confirmed their role in lignin degradation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results indicated that the lignin structure was damaged, the benzene ring structure and groups of macromolecules were opened, and the chemical bond was broken under the action of six enzymes encoded by genes. The abundant enzymatic metabolic products by EDYP_48, ELAC_205 and ESOD_1236 were systematically analyzed via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis, and then provide a speculative pathway for lignin biodegradation. Finally, The activities of ligninolytic enzymes from fermentation supernatant, namely, LiP, MnP and Lac were 367.50 U/L, 839.50 U/L, and 219.00 U/L by orthogonal optimization. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide that QL-Z3 and its enzymes have the potential for industrial application and hold great promise for the bioconversion of lignin into bioproducts in lignin valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongtao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianzheng Wan
- Vrije University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianyi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Umm E Aiman
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Balym Mukhaddi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Hu
- Shanghai Personal Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 20030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaolin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Qiu
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, The West Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Rural Renewable Energy Exploitation and Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yahong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Martin E, Dubessay P, Record E, Audonnet F, Michaud P. Recent advances in laccase activity assays: A crucial challenge for applications on complex substrates. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 173:110373. [PMID: 38091836 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite being one of the first enzymes discovered in 1883, the determination of laccase activity remains a scientific challenge, and a barrier to the full use of laccase as a biocatalyst. Indeed, laccase, an oxidase of the blue multi-copper oxidases family, has a wide range of substrates including substituted phenols, aromatic amines and lignin-related compounds. Its one-electron mechanism requires only oxygen and releases water as a reaction product. These characteristics make laccase a biocatalyst of interest in many fields of applications including pulp and paper industry, biorefineries, food, textile, and pharmaceutical industries. But to fully envisage the use of laccase at an industrial scale, its activity must be reliably quantifiable on complex substrates and in complex matrices. This review aims to describe current and emerging methods for laccase activity assays and place them in the context of a potential industrial use of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Martin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pascal Dubessay
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Eric Record
- INRAE, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice Audonnet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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11
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Hu X, Wang M, Cai F, Liu L, Cheng Z, Zhao J, Zhang Q, Long C. A comprehensive review of medicinal Toxicodendron (Anacardiaceae): Botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116829. [PMID: 37429501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Comprising of about 30 species, the genus Toxicodendron (Anacardiaceae) are mainly distributed in East Asia and North America. Among them, 13 species have been traditionally used as folk medicines in Asia and other parts of the world to treat blood diseases, abnormal bleeding, skin diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, liver diseases, bone injury, lung diseases, neurological diseases, cardiovascular diseases, tonic, cancer, eye diseases, menstrual irregularities, inflammation, rheumatism, diabetes mellitus, rattlesnake bite, internal parasites, contraceptive, vomiting and diarrhea. AIM OF THE STUDY To date, no comprehensive review on Toxicodendron has been published and the scientific basis of the traditional medicinal benefits of Toxicodendron have been less reported. Therefore, this review aims to provide a reference for further research and development on medicinal purpose of Toxicodendron by summarizing the works (from 1980 to 2023), and focusing on its botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. MATERIALS AND METHODS The names of the species were from The Plant List Database (http://www.theplantlist.org), World Flora Online (http://www.worldfloraonline.org), Catalogue of Life Database (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/) and Plants for A Future Database (https://pfaf.org/user/Default.aspx). And the search terms "Toxicodendron" and "the names of 31 species and their synonyms" were used to search for information from electronic databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, Baidu Scholar, Springer, and Wiley Online Library. Moreover, PhD and MSc dissertations were also used to support this work. RESULTS These species on Toxicodendron are widely used in folkloric medicine and modern pharmacological activities. So far, approximately 238 compounds, mainly phenolic acids and their derivatives, urushiols, flavonoids and terpenoids, are extracted and isolated from Toxicodendron plants, commonly, T. trichocarpum, T. vernicifluum, T. succedaneum, and T. radicans. Among them, phenolic acids and flavonoids are the main compound classes that show pharmacological activities in Toxicodendron plants both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the extracts and single compounds of these species show a wide range of activities, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, liver protection, fat reduction, nerve protection, and treatment of blood diseases. CONCLUSIONS Selected species of Toxicodendron have been used as herbal medicines in the Southeast Asian for a long time. Furthermore, some bioactive constituents have been identified from them, so plants in this genus may be potential new drugs. The existing research on Toxicodendron has been reviewed, and the phytochemistry and pharmacology provide theoretical basis for some of the traditional medicinal uses. Therefore, in this review, the traditional medicinal, phytochemical and modern pharmacology of Toxicodendron plants are summarized to help future researchers to find new drug leads or to get a better understanding of structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Ethnology and Sociology, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Fei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Liya Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhuo Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Ethnology and Sociology, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chunlin Long
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China; Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; Institute of National Security Studies, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
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12
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Faheem M, Bokhari SAI, Malik MA, Ahmad B, Riaz M, Zahid N, Hussain A, Ghani A, Ullah H, Shah W, Mehmood R, Ahmad K, Rasheed H, Zain A, Hussain S, Khan A, Yasin MT, Tariq H, Rizwanullah, Basheir MM, Jogezai N. Production, purification, and characterization of p-diphenol oxidase (PDO) enzyme from lignolytic fungal isolate Schizophyllum commune MF-O5. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2023; 68:867-888. [PMID: 37160524 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01056-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Fungi are producers of lignolytic extracellular enzymes which are used in industries like textile, detergents, biorefineries, and paper pulping. This study assessed for the production, purification, and characterization of novel p-diphenol oxidase (PDO; laccase) enzyme from lignolytic white-rot fungal isolate. Fungi samples collected from different areas of Pakistan were initially screened using guaiacol plate method. The maximum PDO producing fungal isolate was identified on the basis of ITS (internal transcribed spacer sequence of DNA of ribosomal RNA) sequencing. To get optimum enzyme yield, various growth and fermentation conditions were optimized. Later PDO was purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation, size exclusion, and anion exchange chromatography and characterized. It was observed that the maximum PDO producing fungal isolate was Schizophyllum commune (MF-O5). Characterization results showed that the purified PDO was a monomeric protein with a molecular mass of 68 kDa and showed stability at lower temperature (30 °C) for 1 h. The Km and Vmax values of the purified PDO recorded were 2.48 mM and 6.20 U/min. Thermal stability results showed that at 30 °C PDO had 119.17 kJ/K/mol Ea value and 33.64 min half-life. The PDO activity was stimulated by Cu2+ ion at 1.0 mM showing enhanced activity up to 111.04%. Strong inhibition effect was noted for Fe2+ ions at 1 mM showing 12.04% activity. The enzyme showed stability against 10 mM concentration oxidizing reducing agents like DMSO, EDTA, H2O2, NaOCl, and urea and retained more than 75% of relative activity. The characterization of purified PDO enzyme confirmed its tolerance against salt, metal ions, organic solvents, and surfactants indicating its ability to be used in the versatile commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Faheem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, International Islamic University, H-10, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Syed Ali Imran Bokhari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, International Islamic University, H-10, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad Malik
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, International Islamic University, H-10, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, International Islamic University, H-10, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, International Islamic University, H-10, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Nafeesa Zahid
- Department of Botany, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur, Azad Kashmir, 10250, Pakistan
| | - Adil Hussain
- Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, Pakistan, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR), Laboratories Complex , Ferozepur Road, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Ghani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, International Islamic University, H-10, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Hanif Ullah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, International Islamic University, H-10, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Waseem Shah
- Department of Biosciences, Comsats University, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Mehmood
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, International Islamic University, H-10, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Khurshid Ahmad
- College of Food Sciences and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong Province, 266003, Qingdao, China
| | - Hassam Rasheed
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, International Islamic University, H-10, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Ali Zain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, International Islamic University, H-10, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, International Islamic University, H-10, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Abrar Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, International Islamic University, H-10, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Talha Yasin
- Insititute of Biological Sciences, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Hasnat Tariq
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rizwanullah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, International Islamic University, H-10, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mudassir Basheir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, International Islamic University, H-10, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
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13
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Wang X, Chen P, Li H, Qu J, Liu Z. Characterization of a Novel One-Domain Halotolerant Laccase from Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius and Its Application in Dye Decolorization. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:6465-6477. [PMID: 36870028 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04389-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Laccases are widespread multi-copper oxidases and generally classified into three-domain laccases and two-domain laccases. In this study, a novel laccase PthLac from Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius harbored only one domain of Cu-oxidase_4 and showed no sequence relatedness or structure similarity to three-domain and two-domain laccases. PthLac was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and characterized. The optimum temperature and pH of PthLac on guaiacol were at 60 ℃ and pH 6, respectively. The effects of various metal ions on PthLac were analyzed. All the tested metal ions did not suppress the activity of PthLac, except for 10 mM Cu2+, which increased the activity of PthLac to 316%, indicating that PthLac was activated by Cu2+. Meanwhile, PthLac kept 121% and 69% activity when incubated at concentrations of 2.5 and 3 M NaCl for 9 h, suggesting the long-term halotolerancy of this enzyme. In addition, PthLac showed resistance to the organic solvents and surfactants, and displayed dye decolorization capacity. This study enriched our knowledge about one-domain laccase and its potential industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifeng Wang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Pengxiao Chen
- School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Haifeng Li
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jianhang Qu
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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14
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Wei X, Ding H, Fan Y, Wu X, Liu X, Niu J, Cao F, Li M. Overexpression of a laccase gene, DiLAC17, from Davidia involucrata causes severe seed abortion in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 202:107956. [PMID: 37573796 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Seed abortion is a common phenomenon in woody plants, especially in rare and endangered species. Serious seed abortion occurs in the dove tree and largely restricts its natural reproduction. A number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between normal and aborted seeds of the dove tree have been previously identified through transcriptome profiling. Among these, most DEGs encoding laccase showed significant upregulation in the aborted seeds. In this study, the laccase gene with the highest expression level in aborted seeds, DiLAC17, was cloned from the dove tree genome and further verified. Overexpression of the DiLAC17 gene in Arabidopsis resulted in retarded growth, deformed siliques, and severe seed abortion. Most Arabidopsis genes involved in seed development, such as AtLEC2, AtANT1, and AtRGE1, were suppressed in the transgenic lines. Laccase activity and lignin content were significantly improved in transgenic lines under ectopic overexpression of the DiLAC17 gene. Excessive lignin accumulation in the early developmental stage was assumed to be a key cause of restricting silique growth and seed expansion, which ultimately led to seed abortion. These results indicate a laccase-mediated pathway for seed abortion, which might be a strategy adopted by this rare and endangered species to reduce the reproductive load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoru Wei
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Hongfan Ding
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yanling Fan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China; Yuelushan Laboratory Carbon Sinks Forests Variety Innovation Center, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Xiaomei Wu
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jie Niu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China; Yuelushan Laboratory Carbon Sinks Forests Variety Innovation Center, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Fuxiang Cao
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Meng Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China; Yuelushan Laboratory Carbon Sinks Forests Variety Innovation Center, Changsha, 410004, China.
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15
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Wang Y, Wei Y, Li S, Hu G. A Nitro Functionalized MOF with Multi-Enzyme Mimetic Activities for the Colorimetric Sensing of Glucose at Neutral pH. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6277. [PMID: 37514570 PMCID: PMC10386029 DOI: 10.3390/s23146277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Benefiting from the advantages like large surface area, flexible constitution, and diverse structure, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been one of the most ideal candidates for nanozymes. In this study, a nitro-functionalized MOF, namely NO2-MIL-53(Cu), was synthesized. Multi-enzyme mimetic activities were discovered on this MOF, including peroxidase-like, oxidase-like, and laccase-like activity. Compared to the non-functional counterpart (MIL-53(Cu)), NO2-MIL-53(Cu) displayed superior enzyme mimetic activities, indicating a positive role of the nitro group in the MOF. Subsequently, the effects of reaction conditions on enzyme mimetic activities were investigated. Remarkably, NO2-MIL-53(Cu) exhibited excellent peroxidase-like activity even at neutral pH. Based on this finding, a simple colorimetric sensing platform was developed for the detection of H2O2 and glucose, respectively. The detection liner range for H2O2 is 1-800 μM with a detection limit of 0.69 μM. The detection liner range for glucose is linear range 0.5-300 μM with a detection limit of 2.6 μM. Therefore, this work not only provides an applicable colorimetric platform for glucose detection in a physiological environment, but also offers guidance for the rational design of efficient nanozymes with multi-enzyme mimetic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400050, China
| | - Yuanhua Wei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400050, China
| | - Siqi Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400050, China
- Chongqing Institute of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Precision Medicine, Chongqing 400050, China
| | - Guang Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400050, China
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16
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Chaudhary S, Varma A, Mandal M, Prasad R, Porwal S. Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Laccase-Producing Bacteria Bhargavaea beijingensis from Paper and Pulp Effluent-Treated Soil Using In Silico Approaches. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:241. [PMID: 37300594 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03346-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Laccases (EC 1.10.3.2) are considered one of the most prominent multicopper enzymes that exhibit the inherent properties of oxidizing a range of phenolic substrates. Mostly, reported laccases have been isolated from the plants and fungi species, whereas bacterial laccases are yet to be explored. Bacterial laccases have numerous distinctive properties over fungal laccases, including stability at high temperatures and high pH. This study includes the isolation of bacteria through the soil sample collected from the paper and pulp industry; the highest laccase-producing bacteria was identified as Bhargavaea bejingensis, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The extracellular and intracellular activities after 24 h incubation were 1.41 U/mL and 4.95 U/mL, respectively. The laccase-encoding gene of the bacteria was sequenced; moreover, the in vitro translated protein was bioinformatically characterized and asserted that the laccase produced by the bacteria Bhargavaea bejingensis was structurally and sequentially homologous to the CotA protein of Bacillus subtilis. The enzyme laccase produced from B. bejingensis was classified as three-domain laccase with several copper-binding residues, where a few crucial copper-binding residues of the laccase enzyme were also predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Chaudhary
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - Ajit Varma
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - Manabendra Mandal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur Sonitpur, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Ram Prasad
- Department of Botany, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar, 845401, India.
| | - Shalini Porwal
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India.
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17
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Yu X, Mao C, Zong S, Khan A, Wang W, Yun H, Zhang P, Shigaki T, Fang Y, Han H, Li X. Transcriptome analysis reveals self-redox mineralization mechanism of azo dyes and novel decolorizing hydrolases in Aspergillus tabacinus LZ-M. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 325:121459. [PMID: 36934962 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bio-degradation is the most affordable method of azo dye decontamination, while its drawbacks such as aromatic amines accumulation and low degradation efficiency must be overcome. In this study, a novel mechanism of azo dye degradation by a fungus was discovered. At a concentration of 400 mg/L, the decolorization efficiency of Acid Red 73 (AR73) by Aspergillus tabacinus LZ-M was 90.28%. Metabolite analysis and transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed a self-redox process of AR73 degradation, where the electrons generated in carbon oxidation were transferred to the reduction of -C-N = and -NN. The metabolites, 2-hydroxynaphthalene and N-phenylnitrous amide were mineralized into CO2 through catechol pathway and a glycolytic process. Furthermore, the mineralization ratio of dye was computed to be 31.8% by the carbon balance and electron balance. By using comparative transcriptome, a novel decoloring enzyme Ord95 was discovered in unknown genes through gene cloning. It hydrolyzed AR73 into 2-hydroxynaphthalene and N-phenylnitrous amide, containing a glutathione S-transferase domain with three arginines as key active sites. Here the new mechanism of azo dye degradation was discovered with identification of a novel enzyme in Aspergillus tabacinus LZ-M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South Road #222, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Chunlan Mao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South Road #222, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Simin Zong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South Road #222, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Aman Khan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South Road #222, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Wenxue Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South Road #222, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Hui Yun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South Road #222, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Resources Utilization Technoloy of Unconventional Water of Gansu Province, Gansu Academy of Membrane Science and Technology, Duanjiatanlu #1272, Lanzhou, 730020, Gansu, China
| | - Toshiro Shigaki
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yitian Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Huawen Han
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South Road #222, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Xiangkai Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South Road #222, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
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Van La T, Sung BH, Kim S. Biocatalytic characterization of Hericium erinaceus laccase isoenzymes for the oxidation of lignin derivative substrates. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124658. [PMID: 37119916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Mushroom laccases are biocatalysts that oxidize various substrates. To identify a novel enzyme involved in lignin valorization, we isolated and characterized laccase isoenzymes from the mushroom Hericium erinaceus. The laccase cDNAs (Lac1a and Lac1b) cloned from the mushroom mycelia consisted of 1536 bp and each encoded a protein with 511 amino acids, containing a 21-amino-acid signal peptide. Comparative phylogenetic analysis revealed high homology between the deduced amino acid sequences of Lac1a and Lac1b and those from basidiomycetous fungi. In the Pichia pastoris expression system, high extracellular production of Lac1a, a glycoprotein, was achieved, whereas Lac1b was not expressed as a secreted protein because of hyper-glycosylation. Biochemical characterization of the purified recombinant Lac1a (rLac1a) protein revealed its oxidizing efficacy toward 14 aromatic substrates. The highly substrate-specific rLac1a showed catalytic efficiencies of 877 s-1 mM-1, 829 s-1 mM-1, 520 s-1 mM-1, and 467 s-1 mM-1 toward 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), hydroquinone, guaiacol, and 2,6-dimethylphenol, respectively. Moreover, rLac1a showed approximately 10 % higher activity in non-ionic detergents and >50 % higher residual activity in various organic solvents. These results indicate that rLac1a is a novel oxidase biocatalyst for the bioconversion of lignin into value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuat Van La
- Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea; Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Huyn Sung
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghun Kim
- Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea; Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Hao S, Fu C, Zhou L, Guo Z, Song Q. Tartaric acid stabilized iridium nanoparticles with excellent laccase-like activity. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:2770-2777. [PMID: 36883554 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02798d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Iridium nanoparticles with an average size of 1.7 nm (Tar-IrNPs) were synthesized by the reduction of IrCl3 with NaBH4 in the presence of tartaric acid. As prepared Tar-IrNPs showed not only oxidase, peroxidase and catalase activities but also exhibited unprecedented laccase-like activity, which can catalyze the oxidation of the substrates o-phenylenediamine (OPD) and p-phenylenediamine (PPD) accompanied by significant color changes. The superb catalytic performance is evidenced by the fact that Tar-IrNPs can achieve better laccase-like activity with only 2.5% of the dosage of natural laccase. Furthermore, they also exhibited superior thermal stability and broader pH adaptability (2.0-11) over that of natural laccase. Tar-IrNPs can retain more than 60% of their initial activity at 90 °C, while the natural laccase has totally lost its activity at 70 °C. At a prolonged reaction time, the oxidation products of OPD and PPD can form precipitates due to oxidation induced polymerization. Thus Tar-IrNPs have been successfully used for the determination and degradation of PPD and OPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanhao Hao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, P. R. China.
| | - Cheng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, P. R. China.
| | - Lin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, P. R. China.
| | - Zhanghong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, P. R. China.
| | - Qijun Song
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, P. R. China.
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Singh G, Kumar S, Afreen S, Bhalla A, Khurana J, Chandel S, Aggarwal A, Arya SK. Laccase mediated delignification of wasted and non-food agricultural biomass: Recent developments and challenges. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123840. [PMID: 36849073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of microbial laccases is considered as the cleaner and target specific biocatalytic mechanism for the recovery of cellulose and hemicelluloses from nonfood and wasted agricultural, lignocellulosic biomass (LCB). The extent of lignin removal by laccase depends on the biochemical composition of biomass and the redox potential (E0) of the biocatalyst. Intensive research efforts are going on all over the world for the recognition of appropriate and easily available agricultural lignocellulosic feedstocks to exploit maximally for the production of value-added bioproducts and biofuels. In such circumstances, laccase can play a major role as a leading biocatalyst and potent substitute for chemical based deconstruction of the lignocellulosic materials. The limited commercialization of laccase at an industrial scale has been feasible due to its full working efficiency mostly expressed in the presence of cost intensive redox mediators only. Although, recently there are some reports that came on the mediator free biocatalysis of enzyme but still not considerably explored and neither understood in depth. The present review will address the various research gaps and shortcomings that acted as the big hurdles before the complete exploitation of laccases at an industrial scale. Further, this article also reveals insights on different microbial laccases and their diverse functional environmental conditions that affect the deconstruction process of LCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gursharan Singh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India.
| | - Shiv Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot 151203, Punjab, India
| | - Sumbul Afreen
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Aditya Bhalla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| | - Jyoti Khurana
- Biotechnology Department, Arka Jain University, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sanjeev Chandel
- GHG College of Pharmacy, Raikot Road, Ludhiana, -141109, India
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21
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Liu J, Li B, Li Z, Yang F, Chen B, Chen J, Li H, Jiang Z. Deciphering the alkaline stable mechanism of bacterial laccase from Bacillus pumilus by molecular dynamics simulation can improve the decolorization of textile dyes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130370. [PMID: 36444079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Laccases are considered promising tools for removing synthetic dyes from textile and tannery effluents. However, the alkaline pH in the effluents causes laccase instability, inactivation, and difficulty in its bioremediation. Based on a Bacillus pumilus ZB1 (BpLac) derived alkaline stable laccase, this study aimed to elucidate its alkaline stable mechanism at molecular level using molecular dynamics simulation. The effects of metal ions, organic solvents, and inhibitors on BpLac activity were assessed. BpLac formed more salt bridges and negatively charged surface in alkaline environment. Thereafter, pH-induced conformation changes were analyzed using GROMACS at pH 5.0 and 10.0. Among the identified residues with high fluctuation, the distance between Pro359 and Thr414 was stable at pH 10.0 but highly variable at pH 5.0. DSSP analysis suggested that BpLac formed more β-sheet and less coil at pH 10.0. Principal component analysis and free energy landscape indicated that irregular coils formed at pH 5.0 benefit for activity, while rigid α-helix and β-sheet structures formed at pH 10.0 contributed to alkaline stability. Breaking the α-helix near T1 copper center would not reduce alkaline stability but could improve dye decolorization by BpLac. Overall, these findings would advance the potential application of bacterial laccase in alkaline effluent treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Bianxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Zhuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Bixin Chen
- Guilin Jingcheng Biotechnology Company Limited, Guilin 541001, PR China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Huanan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Zhengbing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China.
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Kyomuhimbo HD, Brink HG. Applications and immobilization strategies of the copper-centred laccase enzyme; a review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13156. [PMID: 36747551 PMCID: PMC9898315 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Laccase is a multi-copper enzyme widely expressed in fungi, higher plants, and bacteria which facilitates the direct reduction of molecular oxygen to water (without hydrogen peroxide production) accompanied by the oxidation of an electron donor. Laccase has attracted attention in biotechnological applications due to its non-specificity and use of molecular oxygen as secondary substrate. This review discusses different applications of laccase in various sectors of food, paper and pulp, waste water treatment, pharmaceuticals, sensors, and fuel cells. Despite the many advantages of laccase, challenges such as high cost due to its non-reusability, instability in harsh environmental conditions, and proteolysis are often encountered in its application. One of the approaches used to minimize these challenges is immobilization. The various methods used to immobilize laccase and the different supports used are further extensively discussed in this review.
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Bhardwaj P, Kaur N, Selvaraj M, Ghramh HA, Al-Shehri BM, Singh G, Arya SK, Bhatt K, Ghotekar S, Mani R, Chang SW, Ravindran B, Awasthi MK. Laccase-assisted degradation of emerging recalcitrant compounds - A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 364:128031. [PMID: 36167178 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this review is to provide up to date, brief, irrefutable, organized data on the conducted experiments on a range of emerging recalcitrant compounds such as Diclofenac (DCF), Chlorophenols (CPs), tetracycline (TCs), Triclosan (TCS), Bisphenol A (BPA) and Carbamazepine (CBZ). These compounds were selected from the categories of pharmaceutical contaminants (PCs), endocrine disruptors (EDs) and personal care products (PCPs) on the basis of their toxicity and concentration retained in the environment. In this context, detailed mechanism of laccase mediated degradation has been conversed that laccase assisted degradation occurs by one electron oxidation involving redox potential as underlying element of the process. Further, converging towards biotechnology, laccase immobilization increased removal efficiency, storage and reusability through various experimentally conducted studies. Laccase is being considered noteworthy as mediators facilitate laccase in oxidation of non-phenolic compounds and thereby increasing its substrate range which is being discussed in further in the review. The laccase assisted degradation mechanism of each compound has been elucidated but further studies to undercover proper degradation mechanisms needs to be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Bhardwaj
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road3# Shaanxi, Yangling 712100, China; Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Naviljyot Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manickam Selvaraj
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamed A Ghramh
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badria M Al-Shehri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gursharan Singh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Shailendra Kumar Arya
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kalpana Bhatt
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Suresh Ghotekar
- Department of Chemistry, Smt. Devkiba Mohansinhji Chauhan College of Commerce and Science, University of Mumbai, Silvassa 396 230, Dadra and Nagar Haveli (UT), India
| | - Ravi Mani
- Centre for Ocean Research, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Balasubramani Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16227, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road3# Shaanxi, Yangling 712100, China.
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Recent Advancements in Biotechnological Applications of Laccase as a Multifunctional Enzyme. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.3.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotechnological and industrial processes involve applications of various microorganisms and enzymes, and laccase, as a multifunctional enzyme, is admired for its role in degrading a variety of substances. Laccase is a copper-containing oxidase enzyme that is usually found in insects, plants, and microorganisms including fungi and archaea. Several phenolic substrates are oxidized by laccases, which results in crosslinking. Various research work and industrial solutions have identified the true potential of laccases to degrade various aromatic polymers, and their plausible application in bioremediation and other industries is entirely conceivable. This review focuses on laccases as a multifunctional enzyme and provides an overview of its natural origin, catalytic mechanism, and various methods of production. Further, we discuss the various applications of laccase in the biotechnological arena. We observed that laccase can degrade and detoxify various synthetic compounds. The broad substrate specificity of the same makes it worthy for different fields of industrial applications such as food and bioremediation technology, textile and paper technology, biosensors and nanobiotechnology, biofuel, and various other applications, which are described in this paper. These recent developments in the application of laccase show the multifunctional role of laccase in industrial biotechnology and provide an outlook of laccase as a multifunctional enzyme at the forefront of biotechnology.
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Characterization, and Application Studies on Alternaria arborescens MK629314 Laccase. Catal Letters 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-022-04120-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Deng W, Zhao W, Yang Y. Degradation and Detoxification of Chlorophenols with Different Structure by LAC-4 Laccase Purified from White-Rot Fungus Ganoderma lucidum. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19138150. [PMID: 35805809 PMCID: PMC9266351 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A laccase named LAC-4 was purified from Ganoderma lucidum. Firstly, the enzymatic properties of purified LAC-4 laccase, and the degradation of three chlorophenol pollutants 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-DCP), 2,3,6-trichlorophenol (2,3,6-TCP) and 3-chlorophenol (3-CP) by LAC-4 were systematically studied. LAC-4 had a strong ability for 2,6-DCP and 2,3,6-TCP degradation. The degradation ability of LAC-4 to 3-CP was significantly lower than that of 2,6-DCP and 2,3,6-TCP. LAC-4 also had a good degradation effect on the chlorophenol mixture (2,6-DCP + 2,3,6-TCP). The results of kinetics of degradation of chlorophenols by LAC-4 suggested that the affinity of LAC-4 for 2,6-DCP was higher than 2,3,6-TCP. The catalytic efficiency and the catalytic rate of LAC-4 on 2,6-DCP were also significantly higher than 2,3,6-TCP. During degradation of 2,6-DCP and 2,3,6-TCP, LAC-4 had a strong tolerance for high concentrations of different metal salts (such as MnSO4, ZnSO4, Na2SO4, MgSO4, CuSO4, K2SO4) and organic solvents (such as ethylene glycol and glycerol). Next, detoxification of chlorophenols by LAC-4 was also systematically explored. LAC-4 treatment had a strong detoxification ability and a good detoxification effect on the phytotoxicity of individual chlorophenols (2,6-DCP, 2,3,6-TCP) and chlorophenol mixtures (2,6-DCP + 2,3,6-TCP). The phytotoxicities of 2,6-DCP, 2,3,6-TCP and chlorophenol mixtures (2,6-DCP + 2,3,6-TCP) treated with LAC-4 were considerably reduced or eliminated. Finally, we focused on the degradation mechanisms and pathways of 2,6-DCP and 2,3,6-TCP degradation by LAC-4. The putative transformation pathway of 2,6-DCP and 2,3,6-TCP catalyzed by laccase was revealed for the first time. The free radicals formed by LAC-4 oxidation of 2,6-DCP and 2,3,6-TCP produced dimers through polymerization. LAC-4 catalyzed the polymerization of 2,6-DCP and 2,3,6-TCP, forming dimer products. LAC-4 catalyzed 2,6-DCP into two main products: 2,6-dichloro-4-(2,6-dichlorophenoxy) phenol and 3,3′,5,5′-tetrachloro-4,4′-dihydroxybiphenyl. LAC-4 catalyzed 2,3,6-TCP into two main products: 2,3,6-trichloro-4-(2,3,6-trichlorophenoxy) phenol and 2,2′,3,3′,5,5′-hexachloro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-diol.
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Kumar VP, Sridhar M, Rao RG. Biological depolymerization of lignin using laccase harvested from the autochthonous fungus Schizophyllum commune employing various production methods and its efficacy in augmenting in vitro digestibility in ruminants. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11170. [PMID: 35778516 PMCID: PMC9249777 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15211-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A laccase-producing hyper performer, Schizophyllum commune, a white-rot fungus, was evaluated for its ability to selectively degrade lignin of diverse crop residues in vitro. Relative analysis of crop residue treatment using laccase obtained from immobilized cells demonstrated degradation of 30-40% in finger millet straw and sorghum stover, 27-32% in paddy straw, 21% in wheat straw, and 26% in maize straw, while 20% lignin degradation was observed when purified and recombinant laccase was used. Further investigations into in vitro dry matter digestibility studies gave promising results recording digestibility of 54-59% in finger millet straw 33-36% in paddy straw and wheat straw, 16% in maize straw for laccase obtained from cell immobilization method, whereas 14% digestibility was observed when purified and recombinant laccase was used. Sorghum stover recorded digestibility of 13-15% across all straws treated with laccase. The results obtained elucidated the positive influence of laccase treatment on lignin degradation and in vitro dry matter digestibility. The present research gave encouraging figures confirming the production of laccase using the cell immobilization method to be an efficient production method commensurate with purified and recombinant laccase under conditions of submerged cultivation, proclaiming a cost-effective, environmentally safe green technology for effectual lignin depolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Pradeep Kumar
- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560 030, India
| | - Manpal Sridhar
- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560 030, India.
| | - Ramya Gopala Rao
- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560 030, India
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Bhalla A, Arce J, Ubanwa B, Singh G, Sani RK, Balan V. Thermophilic Geobacillus WSUCF1 Secretome for Saccharification of Ammonia Fiber Expansion and Extractive Ammonia Pretreated Corn Stover. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:844287. [PMID: 35694290 PMCID: PMC9176393 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.844287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A thermophilic Geobacillus bacterial strain, WSUCF1 contains different carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) capable of hydrolyzing hemicellulose in lignocellulosic biomass. We used proteomic, genomic, and bioinformatic tools, and genomic data to analyze the relative abundance of cellulolytic, hemicellulolytic, and lignin modifying enzymes present in the secretomes. Results showed that CAZyme profiles of secretomes varied based on the substrate type and complexity, composition, and pretreatment conditions. The enzyme activity of secretomes also changed depending on the substrate used. The secretomes were used in combination with commercial and purified enzymes to carry out saccharification of ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX)-pretreated corn stover and extractive ammonia (EA)-pretreated corn stover. When WSUCF1 bacterial secretome produced at different conditions was combined with a small percentage of commercial enzymes, we observed efficient saccharification of EA-CS, and the results were comparable to using a commercial enzyme cocktail (87% glucan and 70% xylan conversion). It also opens the possibility of producing CAZymes in a biorefinery using inexpensive substrates, such as AFEX-pretreated corn stover and Avicel, and eliminates expensive enzyme processing steps that are used in enzyme manufacturing. Implementing in-house enzyme production is expected to significantly reduce the cost of enzymes and biofuel processing cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Bhalla
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Health Science, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, United States
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Jessie Arce
- Department of Engineering Technology, College of Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Bryan Ubanwa
- Department of Engineering Technology, College of Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Gursharan Singh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Rajesh K. Sani
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Health Science, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, United States
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Engineering Technology, College of Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Venkatesh Balan,
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Marsola SJ, Jorge LF, Meniqueti AB, Bertéli MBD, de Lima TEF, Bezerra JL, Lopes AD, Gazim ZC, do Valle JS, Colauto NB, Linde GA. Endophytic fungi of Brunfelsia uniflora: isolation, cryopreservation, and determination of enzymatic and antioxidant activity. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:94. [PMID: 35441989 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03278-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Brunfelsia uniflora (Pohl.) D. Don (Solanaceae), commonly known as manacá-de-cheiro, is widely distributed in Brazil and used by local indigenous peoples as an antirheumatic, antisyphilitic, depurative, emetic, vermifuge, and purgative agent. Several studies have examined the biological activities and phytochemical profile of Brunfelsia; however, few have focused on the diversity of endophytic microorganisms that colonize members of the genus. This study aimed to isolate and cryopreserve endophytic fungi from B. uniflora and determine their cellulase, laccase, and antioxidant activities. Endophytic fungi were isolated from B. uniflora stems, cultured on wheat grains, immersed in a 150 g L-1 aqueous sucrose solution, and cryopreserved at - 80 °C for 1 and 6 months. Cellulase activity was determined by a qualitative test using carboxymethylcellulose medium and laccase activity by a quantitative test based on the oxidation of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate). Prior to antioxidant activity assays, fungi were grown in malt extract broth for production of mycelial biomass. A methanolic extract was prepared for evaluation of DPPH· scavenging activity, FRAP activity, and total phenolic content. A total of 46 endophytic fungal isolates were obtained from B. uniflora stems and classified into 24 groups according to morphological similarities. B. uniflora was shown to harbor different genera of ascomycete fungi as endophytic organisms. Mycelial viability was observed after 1 and 6 months of cryopreservation at - 80 °C. Fungi exhibited cellulase and laccase activities. Isolate CE23 had the highest laccase activity after 7 days of cultivation. Twelve isolates were found to have low total phenolic contents and DPPH· and FRAP activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jane Marsola
- Graduate Program of Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, 87502-210, Brazil
| | - Lais Freitas Jorge
- Graduate Program of Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, 87502-210, Brazil
| | - Adriano Borges Meniqueti
- Graduate Program of Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, 87502-210, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Luiz Bezerra
- Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, 44380-00, Brazil
| | - Ana Daniela Lopes
- Graduate Program of Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, 87502-210, Brazil.
| | - Zilda Cristiani Gazim
- Graduate Program of Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, 87502-210, Brazil
| | - Juliana Silveira do Valle
- Graduate Program of Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, 87502-210, Brazil
| | - Nelson Barros Colauto
- Graduate Program in Food Science - Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Ondina Campus, Salvador, 40110-115, Brazil
| | - Giani Andrea Linde
- Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health - School of Nutrition, Federal University of Bahia, Canela Campus, Salvador, 40110-907, Brazil
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Dias MC, Belgacem MN, de Resende JV, Martins MA, Damásio RAP, Tonoli GHD, Ferreira SR. Eco-friendly laccase and cellulase enzymes pretreatment for optimized production of high content lignin-cellulose nanofibrils. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:413-425. [PMID: 35413312 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lignin-cellulose nanofibrils (LCNF) are of attracting an increasing interest due to the benefits of maintaining the lignin in the nanomaterial composition. The production of LCNF requires considerable energy consumption, which has been suppressed employing pretreatment of biomass, in which it highlights those that employ enzymes that have the advantage of being more environmentally friendly. Some negative aspects of the presence of lignin in the fiber to obtain cellulose nanofibrils is that it can hinder the delamination of the cell wall and act as a physical barrier to the action of cellulase enzymes. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a combined enzymatic pretreatment of laccase and endoglucanase for high content lignin LCNF production. The morphological and chemical properties, visual aspect and stability, crystallinity, mechanical properties, rheology, barrier properties and quality index were used to characterize the LCNF. The laccase loading used was efficient in modifying the lignin to facilitate the action of the endoglucanase on cellulose without causing the removal of this macromolecule. This pretreatment improved the quality of LCNF (61 ± 3 to 71 ± 2 points) with an energy saving of 42% and, therefore, this pretreatment could be suitable for industrial production for a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Cordazzo Dias
- Department of Forest Science, Federal University of Lavras, C.P. 3037, 37200-900, Lavras, MG, Brazil; Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LGP2, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Mohamed Naceur Belgacem
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LGP2, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Jaime Vilela de Resende
- Department of Food Science, Federal University of Lavras, C.P. 3037, 37200-900 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Alice Martins
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture, Embrapa Instrumentation, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Saulo Rocha Ferreira
- Department of Engineering, Federal University of Lavras, C.P. 3037, 37200-900 Lavras, MG, Brazil
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Abstract
The accumulation of waste and toxic compounds has become increasingly harmful to the environment and human health. In this context, the use of laccases has become a focus of interest, due to the properties of these versatile enzymes: low substrate specificity, and water formation as a non-toxic end product. Thus, we begin our study with a general overview of the importance of laccase for the environment and industry, starting with the sources of laccases (plant, bacterial and fungal laccases), the structure and mechanism of laccases, microbial biosynthesis, and the immobilization of laccases. Then, we continue with an overview of agro-waste treatment by laccases wherein we observe the importance of laccases for the biodisponibilization of substrates and the biodegradation of agro-industrial byproducts; we then show some aspects regarding the degradation of xenobiotic compounds, dyes, and pharmaceutical products. The objective of this research is to emphasize and fully investigate the effects of laccase action on the decomposition of lignocellulosic materials and on the removal of harmful compounds from soil and water, in order to provide a sustainable solution to reducing environmental pollution.
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Espina G, Muñoz-Ibacache SA, Cáceres-Moreno P, Amenabar MJ, Blamey JM. From the Discovery of Extremozymes to an Enzymatic Product: Roadmap Based on Their Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:752281. [PMID: 35096788 PMCID: PMC8790482 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.752281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advent of the industrial revolution, the use of toxic compounds has grown exponentially, leading to a considerable pollution of the environment. Consequently, the development of more environmentally conscious technologies is an urgent need. Industrial biocatalysis appears as one potential solution, where a higher demand for more robust enzymes aims to replace toxic chemical catalysts. To date, most of the commercially available enzymes are of mesophilic origin, displaying optimal activity in narrow ranges of temperature and pH (i.e., between 20°C and 45°C, neutral pH), limiting their actual application under industrial reaction settings, where they usually underperform, requiring larger quantities to compensate loss of activity. In order to obtain novel biocatalysts better suited for industrial conditions, an efficient solution is to take advantage of nature by searching and discovering enzymes from extremophiles. These microorganisms and their macromolecules have already adapted to thrive in environments that present extreme physicochemical conditions. Hence, extremophilic enzymes stand out for showing higher activity, stability, and robustness than their mesophilic counterparts, being able to carry out reactions at nonstandard conditions. In this brief research report we describe three examples to illustrate a stepwise strategy for the development and production of commercial extremozymes, including a catalase from an Antarctic psychrotolerant microorganism, a laccase from a thermoalkaliphilic bacterium isolated from a hot spring and an amine-transaminase from a thermophilic bacterium isolated from a geothermal site in Antarctica. We will also explore some of their interesting biotechnological applications and comparisons with commercial enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giannina Espina
- Fundación Biociencia, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Giannina Espina, ; Jenny M. Blamey,
| | | | | | | | - Jenny M. Blamey
- Fundación Biociencia, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Giannina Espina, ; Jenny M. Blamey,
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Lei L, Yang X, Song Y, Huang H, Li Y. Current research progress on laccase-like nanomaterials. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05658a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The first systematic review of the progress of research on the types and applications of laccase-like activity of nanomaterials is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Lei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, P. R. China
| | - Yudong Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, P. R. China
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, P. R. China
| | - Yongxin Li
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Water Resources and Aquatic Environment of Jilin Province, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
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Saini S, Sharma KK. Fungal lignocellulolytic enzymes and lignocellulose: A critical review on their contribution to multiproduct biorefinery and global biofuel research. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:2304-2319. [PMID: 34800524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The continuous increase in the global energy demand has diminished fossil fuel reserves and elevated the risk of environmental deterioration and human health. Biorefinery processes involved in producing bio-based energy-enriched chemicals have paved way to meet the energy demands. Compared to the thermochemical processes, fungal system biorefinery processes seems to be a promising approach for lignocellulose conversion. It also offers an eco-friendly and energy-efficient route for biofuel generation. Essentially, ligninolytic white-rot fungi and their enzyme arsenals degrade the plant biomass into structural constituents with minimal by-products generation. Hemi- or cellulolytic enzymes from certain soft and brown-rot fungi are always favoured to hydrolyze complex polysaccharides into fermentable sugars and other value-added products. However, the cost of saccharifying enzymes remains the major limitation, which hinders their application in lignocellulosic biorefinery. In the past, research has been focused on the role of lignocellulolytic fungi in biofuel production; however, a cumulative study comprising the contribution of the lignocellulolytic enzymes in biorefinery technologies is still lagging. Therefore, the overarching goal of this review article is to discuss the major contribution of lignocellulolytic fungi and their enzyme arsenal in global biofuel research and multiproduct biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Saini
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Recombinant DNA Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Krishna Kant Sharma
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Recombinant DNA Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India.
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Si J, Wu Y, Ma HF, Cao YJ, Sun YF, Cui BK. Selection of a pH- and temperature-stable laccase from Ganoderma australe and its application for bioremediation of textile dyes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 299:113619. [PMID: 34467865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
By virtue of screening, purification, and properties characterization, this study captures a new pH- and temperature-stable laccase, designated Galacc-F, from Ganoderma australe for dye bioremediating applications. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity by salt precipitation, ionic exchange, and size exclusion chromatography with a final specific activity of 22.214 U mg-1, yielding a purification fold of 23.989 and recovery of 38.44%. Its molecular weight was estimated to be 48.0 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, zymography, Sephadex G-100 column, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, which confirmed its monomeric nature. Galacc-F exhibited high levels of activity and stability over wide ranges of pH (5.0-8.0) and temperature (10-60 °C), which are highly valuable properties in industrial processes. Broad substrate specificity was observed, wherein a better affinity was found for 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) with a low value of Km (164.137 μM) and higher kcat/Km ratio (1.663 s-1 μM-1). Activity was stimulated by Cu2+ and β-mercaptoethanol but inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, diethylpyrocarbonate, iodoacetic acid, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, and Hg2+, indicating that Galacc-F is a metalloprotease containing a typical histidine-cysteine-serine catalytic triad. It had high tolerance to surfactants, oxidants, and salts. Additionally, a fabricated protocol for native Galacc-F immobilization onto Fe3O4@Chitosan composite nanoparticles using glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker was developed. Most importantly, the enzyme was determined to be ideal for use in efficient treatment of dye effluents as compared with the laccases requiring redox mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Si
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hong-Fei Ma
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yong-Jia Cao
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yi-Fei Sun
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Bao-Kai Cui
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Enhancement of laccase production from a newly isolated Trichoderma harzianum S7113 using submerged fermentation: Optimization of production medium via central composite design and its application for hydroquinone degradation. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:219-231. [PMID: 34624382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Trichoderma harzianum S7113 as an efficient fungal isolate for laccase production was identified using the 18S rRNA sequencing. T. harzianum S7113 attained its maximal laccase production level on the 14th day of static incubation at 28 °C and pH 5.0 using the inoculum size of 5 discs (14 mm), according to the one factor per time (OFT) method. The most appropriate carbon, organic and inorganic nitrogen sources to promote maximal laccase synthesis were glucose (15 g/L), beef extract (5 g/L), and ammonium chloride (4 g/L), respectively. Results of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) revealed that glucose, meat extract, and ammonium chloride concentrations of 17.54, 7.17, and 4.36 g/L respectively, at a pH value of 6.74 are the favorite conditions for high titer production. The ANOVA analysis highlighted an excellent match between the actual experimental results and the model predicted laccase production levels. The biodegradation of hydroquinone (HQ) by T. harzianum S7113 laccase was most efficient in the pH range of 5.0 to 6.5. The increase in laccase concentration led to a significant increase in the HQ conversion to get a biodegradation rate of 92 ± 2.6% with a laccase concentration of 0.75 U/mL after 3 h of reaction.
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Patel K, Patel N, Vaghamshi N, Shah K, Dugdirala SM, Dudhagara P. Trends and strategies in the effluent treatment of pulp and paper industries: A review highlighting reactor options. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2021; 2:100077. [PMID: 34841366 PMCID: PMC8610311 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2021.100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
From the beginning of the paper-making process, the pulp and paper industry has utilized a large amount of water and generated a vast amount of highly polluted wastewater. The paper industry faces global pressure to reduce water use and lower environmental pollution. However, traditional physicochemical methods of wastewater treatment need high energy input, and their ecological impact is questionable. Due to the zero discharged policy, the industries urgently require novel eco-friendly, sustainable, and efficient treatment techniques. Microbial technology is the most recommended option to treat wastewater and support sustainable growth. The present article describes the overview of traditional and novel methods, including membrane bioreactor (MBR) and moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) technology's with their current state and their limits for treating pulp and paper wastewater. It is expected to integrate the novel methods with advanced hybrid technology to fulfill wastewater treatment criteria and prospects. Furthermore, coupling MBR and MBBR technology make energy and water recovery possible, and recycling wastewater will be economically and environmentally feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Patel
- Department of Biosciences (UGC-SAP-II & DST-FIST-I), Veer Narmard South Gujarat University, Surat 395007, India
| | - Niky Patel
- Department of Biosciences (UGC-SAP-II & DST-FIST-I), Veer Narmard South Gujarat University, Surat 395007, India
| | - Nilam Vaghamshi
- Department of Biosciences (UGC-SAP-II & DST-FIST-I), Veer Narmard South Gujarat University, Surat 395007, India
| | - Kamlesh Shah
- P.S. Science and H.D. Patel Arts College Kadi, Mahesana, Gujarat, India
| | - Srinivas Murthy Dugdirala
- Biogas Research Centre, Post-Graduate Department of Microbiology, M.D. Gramsewa Mahavidyalaya, Gujarat Vidyapith Sadra, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Pravin Dudhagara
- Department of Biosciences (UGC-SAP-II & DST-FIST-I), Veer Narmard South Gujarat University, Surat 395007, India
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Wang Y, Milewska M, Foster H, Chapman R, Stenzel MH. The Core-Shell Structure, Not Sugar, Drives the Thermal Stabilization of Single-Enzyme Nanoparticles. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:4569-4581. [PMID: 34617439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Trehalose is widely assumed to be the most effective sugar for protein stabilization, but exactly how unique the structure is and the mechanism by which it works are still debated. Herein, we use a polyion complex micelle approach to control the position of trehalose relative to the surface of glucose oxidase within cross-linked and non-cross-linked single-enzyme nanoparticles (SENs). The distribution and density of trehalose molecules in the shell can be tuned by changing the structure of the underlying polymer, poly(N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl] acrylamide (PDMAPA). SENs in which the trehalose is replaced with sucrose and acrylamide are prepared as well for comparison. Isothermal titration calorimetry, dynamic light scattering, and asymmetric flow field-flow fraction in combination with multiangle light scattering reveal that two to six polymers bind to the enzyme. Binding either trehalose or sucrose close to the enzyme surface has very little effect on the thermal stability of the enzyme. By contrast, encapsulation of the enzyme within a cross-linked polymer shell significantly enhances its thermal stability and increases the unfolding temperature from 70.3 °C to 84.8 °C. Further improvements (up to 92.8 °C) can be seen when trehalose is built into this shell. Our data indicate that the structural confinement of the enzyme is a far more important driver in its thermal stability than the location of any sugar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Wang
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Malgorzata Milewska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry, and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, Gliwice 44 100, Poland
| | - Henry Foster
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Robert Chapman
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Martina H Stenzel
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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Mao G, Wang K, Wang F, Li H, Zhang H, Xie H, Wang Z, Wang F, Song A. An Engineered Thermostable Laccase with Great Ability to Decolorize and Detoxify Malachite Green. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11755. [PMID: 34769185 PMCID: PMC8583942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Laccases can catalyze the remediation of hazardous synthetic dyes in an eco-friendly manner, and thermostable laccases are advantageous to treat high-temperature dyeing wastewater. A novel laccase from Geothermobacter hydrogeniphilus (Ghlac) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Ghlac containing 263 residues was characterized as a functional laccase of the DUF152 family. By structural and biochemical analyses, the conserved residues H78, C119, and H136 were identified to bind with one copper atom to fulfill the laccase activity. In order to make it more suitable for industrial use, Ghlac variant Mut2 with enhanced thermostability was designed. The half-lives of Mut2 at 50 °C and 60 °C were 80.6 h and 9.8 h, respectively. Mut2 was stable at pH values ranging from 4.0 to 8.0 and showed a high tolerance for organic solvents such as ethanol, acetone, and dimethyl sulfoxide. In addition, Mut2 decolorized approximately 100% of 100 mg/L of malachite green dye in 3 h at 70 °C. Furthermore, Mut2 eliminated the toxicity of malachite green to bacteria and Zea mays. In summary, the thermostable laccase Ghlac Mut2 could effectively decolorize and detoxify malachite green at high temperatures, showing great potential to remediate the dyeing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guotao Mao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (G.M.); (K.W.); (F.W.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (H.X.); (F.W.)
- The Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (G.M.); (K.W.); (F.W.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (H.X.); (F.W.)
| | - Fangyuan Wang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (G.M.); (K.W.); (F.W.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (H.X.); (F.W.)
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (G.M.); (K.W.); (F.W.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (H.X.); (F.W.)
| | - Hongsen Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (G.M.); (K.W.); (F.W.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (H.X.); (F.W.)
- The Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (G.M.); (K.W.); (F.W.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (H.X.); (F.W.)
- The Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
| | - Fengqin Wang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (G.M.); (K.W.); (F.W.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (H.X.); (F.W.)
- The Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Andong Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (G.M.); (K.W.); (F.W.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (H.X.); (F.W.)
- The Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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40
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Gupta GK, Dixit M, Kapoor RK, Shukla P. Xylanolytic Enzymes in Pulp and Paper Industry: New Technologies and Perspectives. Mol Biotechnol 2021; 64:130-143. [PMID: 34580813 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00396-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The pulp and paper industry discharges massive amount of wastewater containing hazardous organochlorine compounds released during different processing stages. Therefore, some cost-effective and nonpolluting practices such as enzymatic treatments are required for the potential mitigation of effluents released in the environment. Various xylanolytic enzymes such as xylanases, laccases, cellulases and hemicellulases are used to hydrolyse raw materials in the paper manufacturing industry. These enzymes are used either individually or in combination, which has the efficient potential to be considered for bio-deinking and bio-bleaching components. They are highly dynamic, renewable, and high in specificity for enhancing paper quality. The xylanase act on the xylan and cellulases act on the cellulose fibers, and thus increase the bleaching efficacy of paper. Similarly, hemicellulase enzyme like endo-xylanases, arabinofuranosidase and β-D-xylosidases have been described as functional properties towards the biodegradation of biomass. In contrast, laccase enzymes act as multi-copper oxidoreductases, bleaching the paper by the oxidation and reduction process. Laccases possess low redox potential compared to other enzymes, which need some redox mediators to catalyze. The enzymatic process can be affected by various factors such as pH, temperature, metal ions, incubation periods, etc. These factors can either increase or decrease the efficiency of the enzymes. This review draws attention to the xylanolytic enzyme-based advanced technologies for pulp bleaching in the paper industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guddu Kumar Gupta
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Mandeep Dixit
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Rajeev Kumar Kapoor
- Enzyme and Fermentation Technology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India.
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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41
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Expression of an alkaline feruloyl esterases from thermophilic Chaetomium thermophilum and its boosting effect on delignification of pulp. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 150:109859. [PMID: 34489049 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Exploration of feruloyl esterase (FAE) with the resistance to heat and alkali conditions in biobleaching process to improve the separation efficiency of lignocellulose is the key to achieving green papermaking. Herein, we expressed FAEB of C. thermophilum and obtained a thermostable alkaline FAE that can effectively promote the removal of lignin from pulp. The faeB gene was successfully obtained through genomic Blast strategy and high-efficiency expressed under the control of strong alcohol oxidase promoter in Pichia pastoris. The recombinant CtFAEB has an optimal temperature of 65 °C and pH of 7.0. After treated at 65 °C for 1 h, CtFAEB can still retain 63.21 % of its maximum activity, showing a good thermal stability. In addition, the recombinant CtFAEB has broad pH stability and can retain about 56 % of the maximum activity even at pH 11.0. Compared with the effect of mesophilic FAE, pretreatment with thermostable CtFAEB can promote the delignification by laccase and alkaline hydrogen peroxide from the pulp at 70 °C and pH 9.0. Alignment of the protein sequences of CtFAEB and mesophilic FAE suggested that the percentage of amino acids that easily form alpha helix in CtFAEB increases, which enhances its structural rigidity and thereby improves its thermal stability and alkali tolerance. Our study provides an effective method to obtain thermostable and alkaline FAEs, which will promote its application in biobleaching and other biorefining industries.
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42
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Review of advances in the development of laccases for the valorization of lignin to enable the production of lignocellulosic biofuels and bioproducts. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 54:107809. [PMID: 34333091 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Development and deployment of commercial biorefineries based on conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels and bioproducts faces many challenges that must be addressed before they are commercially viable. One of the biggest challenges faced is the efficient and scalable valorization of lignin, one of the three major components of the plant cell wall. Lignin is the most abundant aromatic biopolymer on earth, and its presence hinders the extraction of cellulose and hemicellulose that is essential to biochemical conversion of lignocellulose to fuels and chemicals. There has been a significant amount of work over the past 20 years that has sought to develop innovative processes designed to extract and recycle lignin into valuable compounds and help reduce the overall costs of the biorefinery process. Due to the complex matrix of lignin, which is essential for plant survival, the development of a reliable and efficient lignin conversion technology has been difficult to achieve. One approach that has received significant interest relies on the use of enzymes, notably laccases, a class of multi‑copper green oxidative enzymes that catalyze bond breaking in lignin to produce smaller oligomers. In this review, we first assess the different innovations of lignin valorization using laccases within the context of a biorefinery process, and then assess the latest economical advances that these innovations offered. Finally, we review laccase characterization and optimization, as well as the prospects and bottlenecks of this class of enzymes within the industrial and biorefining sectors.
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Mushroom Ligninolytic Enzymes―Features and Application of Potential Enzymes for Conversion of Lignin into Bio-Based Chemicals and Materials. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11136161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mushroom ligninolytic enzymes are attractive biocatalysts that can degrade lignin through oxido-reduction. Laccase, lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and versatile peroxidase are the main enzymes that depolymerize highly complex lignin structures containing aromatic or aliphatic moieties and oxidize the subunits of monolignol associated with oxidizing agents. Among these enzymes, mushroom laccases are secreted glycoproteins, belonging to a polyphenol oxidase family, which have a powerful oxidizing capability that catalyzes the modification of lignin using synthetic or natural mediators by radical mechanisms via lignin bond cleavage. The high redox potential laccase within mediators can catalyze the oxidation of a wide range of substrates and the polymerization of lignin derivatives for value-added chemicals and materials. The chemoenzymatic process using mushroom laccases has been applied effectively for lignin utilization and the degradation of recalcitrant chemicals as an eco-friendly technology. Laccase-mediated grafting has also been employed to modify lignin and other polymers to obtain novel functional groups able to conjugate small and macro-biomolecules. In this review, the biochemical features of mushroom ligninolytic enzymes and their potential applications in catalytic reactions involving lignin and its derivatives to obtain value-added chemicals and novel materials in lignin valorization are discussed.
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Coria-Oriundo LL, Battaglini F, Wirth SA. Efficient decolorization of recalcitrant dyes at neutral/alkaline pH by a new bacterial laccase-mediator system. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 217:112237. [PMID: 33892342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Laccases and laccase-mediator systems (LMS) are versatile catalysts that can oxidize a broad range of substrates coupled to the sole reduction of dioxygen to water. They possess many biotechnological applications in paper, textile, and food industries, bioethanol production, organic synthesis, detection and degradation of pollutants, and biofuel cell development. In particular, bacterial laccases are getting relevance due to their activity in a wide range of pH and temperature and their robustness under harsh conditions. However, the enzyme and the redox mediator's availability and costs limit their large-scale commercial use. Here we demonstrate that β-(10-phenothiazyl)-propionic acid can be used as an efficient and low-cost redox mediator for decolorizing synthetic dyes by the recombinant laccase SilA from Streptomyces ipomoeae produced in E. coli. This new LMS can decolorize more than 80% indigo carmine and malachite green in 1 h at pH = 8.0 and 2 h in tap water (pH = 6.8). Furthermore, it decolorized more than 40% of anthraquinone dye remazol brilliant blue R and 80% of azo dye xylidine ponceau in 5 h at 50 °C, pH 8.0. It supported at least 3 decolorization cycles without losing activity, representing an attractive candidate for a cost-effective and environmentally friendly LMS functional at neutral to alkaline pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy L Coria-Oriundo
- Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía, INQUIMAE, DQIAQF, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Av. Tupac Amaru 210, Lima 25, Perú
| | - Fernando Battaglini
- Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía, INQUIMAE, DQIAQF, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sonia A Wirth
- Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA, Argentina; Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada, IBBEA-CONICET-UBA, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA, Argentina.
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Han ML, Yang J, Liu ZY, Wang CR, Chen SY, Han N, Hao WY, An Q, Dai YC. Evaluation of Laccase Activities by Three Newly Isolated Fungal Species in Submerged Fermentation With Single or Mixed Lignocellulosic Wastes. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:682679. [PMID: 34163456 PMCID: PMC8216501 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.682679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Three newly isolated fungal species, namely, Cerrena unicolor Han 849, Lenzites betulina Han 851, and Schizophyllum commune Han 881, isolated from their native habitats in Wulingshan National Nature Reserve of Hebei Province of northern China, were screened for laccase production with single or mixed lignocellulosic wastes. C. unicolor Han 849 was found to express the highest levels of laccase with single or mixed lignocellulosic wastes compared with L. betulina Han 851 and S. commune Han 881. The highest laccase activity from the mixed fungal culture of C. unicolor Han 849 and S. commune Han 881 or L. betulina Han 851 on Firmiana platanifolia was 1,373.12 ± 55.93 and 1,144.85 ± 34.97 U/L, respectively, higher than that from other tested conditions. L. betulina Han 851 or S. commune Han 881 mixed with other species was also helpful for accelerating laccase secretion due to reach maximum enzyme activity quickly. The treatment of mixing different species, including the mixture of two or three species, was obviously conducive to the improvement of laccase activity on Firmiana platanifolia. These results revealed that the fungal co-culture and the mixed lignocellulosic wastes contribute to the improvement of laccase activities and enhance laccase activities within a short period. These findings would be helpful for providing a new method for rapid production of low-cost laccase and for optimization of integrated industrial laccase production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Han
- College of Life Sciences, Langfang Normal University, Langfang, China
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Edible and Medicinal Fungi in Hebei Province, Langfang, China
- Edible and Medicinal Fungi Research and Development Center of Universities, Colleges in Hebei Province, Langfang, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Langfang Normal University, Langfang, China
| | - Ze-Yang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Langfang Normal University, Langfang, China
| | - Chun-Rui Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Langfang Normal University, Langfang, China
| | - Si-Yu Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Langfang Normal University, Langfang, China
| | - Ning Han
- College of Life Sciences, Langfang Normal University, Langfang, China
| | - Wen-Yao Hao
- College of Life Sciences, Langfang Normal University, Langfang, China
| | - Qi An
- College of Life Sciences, Langfang Normal University, Langfang, China
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Edible and Medicinal Fungi in Hebei Province, Langfang, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Dai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding By Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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46
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Sun K, Li S, Si Y, Huang Q. Advances in laccase-triggered anabolism for biotechnology applications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 41:969-993. [PMID: 33818232 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1895053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This is the first comprehensive overview of laccase-triggered anabolism from fundamental theory to biotechnology applications. Laccase is a typical biological oxidordeuctase that induces the one-electronic transfer of diverse substrates for engendering four phenoxy radicals with concomitant reduction of O2 into 2H2O. In vivo, laccase can participate in anabolic processes to create multifarious functional biopolymers such as fungal pigments, plant lignins, and insect cuticles, using mono/polyphenols and their derivatives as enzymatic substrates, and is thus conducive to biological tissue morphogenesis and global carbon storage. Exhilaratingly, fungal laccase has high redox potential (E° = 500-800 mV) and thermodynamic efficiency, making it a remarkable candidate for utilization as a versatile catalyst in the green and circular economy. This review elaborates the anabolic mechanisms of laccase in initiating the polymerization of natural phenolic compounds and their derivatives in vivo via radical-based self/cross-coupling. Information is also presented on laccase immobilization engineering that expands the practical application ranges of laccase in biotechnology by improving the enzymatic catalytic activity, stability, and reuse rate. Particularly, advances in biotechnology applications in vitro through fungal laccase-triggered macromolecular biosynthesis may provide a key research direction beneficial to the rational design of green chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shunyao Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youbin Si
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qingguo Huang
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, USA
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47
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An alkaline thermostable laccase from termite gut associated strain of Bacillus stratosphericus. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 179:270-278. [PMID: 33676982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Laccase, an important oxidoreductase, is widely distributed in various organisms. Termites are known to decompose lignocellulose efficiently with the aid of gut microorganisms. However, few laccases have been characterized from termite or its gut microbes. We aimed to screen the strain capable of degrading lignocellulose from fungus-growing termites. In this study, Bacillus stratosphericus BCMC2 with lignocellulolytic activity was firstly isolated from the hindgut of fungus-growing termite Macrotermes barneyi. The laccase gene (BaCotA) was cloned both from the BCMC2 strain and termite intestinal metagenomic DNA. BaCotA was overexpressed in E. coli, and the recombinant BaCotA showed high specific activity (554.1 U/mg). BaCotA was thermostable with an optimum temperature of 70 °C, pH 5.0. Furthermore, BaCotA was resistant to alkali and organic solvents. The enzyme remained more than 70% residual activity at pH 8.0 for 120 min; and the organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol and acetone (10%) had no inhibitory effect on laccase activity. Additionally, BaCotA exhibited efficient decolorization ability towards indigo and crystal violet. The multiple enzymatic properties suggested the presented laccase as a potential candidate for industrial applications. Moreover, this study highlighted that termite intestine is a good resource for either new strains or enzymes.
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48
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Abstract
This review critically addresses the most relevant and innovative techniques for obtaining polymers from tannins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myleidi Vera
- Department of Polymer
- Faculty of Chemistry Science
- University of Concepción
- Concepción
- Chile
| | - Bruno F. Urbano
- Department of Polymer
- Faculty of Chemistry Science
- University of Concepción
- Concepción
- Chile
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49
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Espina G, Cáceres-Moreno P, Mejías-Navarrete G, Ji M, Sun J, Blamey JM. A novel and highly active recombinant spore-coat bacterial laccase, able to rapidly biodecolorize azo, triarylmethane and anthraquinonic dyestuffs. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 170:298-306. [PMID: 33347931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Laccases are enzymes able to catalyze the oxidation of a wide array of phenolic and non-phenolic compounds using oxygen as co-substrate and releasing water as by-product. They are well known to have wide substrate specificity and in recent years, have gained great biotechnological importance. To date, most well studied laccases are from fungal and mesophilic origin, however, enzymes from extremophiles possess an even greater potential to withstand the extreme conditions present in many industrial processes. This research work presents the heterologous production and characterization of a novel laccase from a thermoalkaliphilic bacterium isolated from a hot spring in a geothermal site. This recombinant enzyme exhibits remarkably high specific activity (>450,000 U/mg) at 70 °C, pH 6.0, using syringaldazine substrate, it is active in a wide range of temperature (20-90 °C) and maintains over 60% of its activity after 2 h at 60 °C. Furthermore, this novel spore-coat laccase is able to biodecolorize eight structurally different recalcitrant synthetic dyes (Congo red, methyl orange, methyl red, Coomassie brilliant blue R250, bromophenol blue, malachite green, crystal violet and Remazol brilliant blue R), in just 30 min at 40 °C in the presence of the natural redox mediator acetosyringone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giannina Espina
- Fundación Biociencia, José Domingo Cañas 2280, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile.
| | | | | | - Minghua Ji
- Green Chemical Engineering Technology R&D Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road 99, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Junsong Sun
- Green Chemical Engineering Technology R&D Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road 99, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jenny M Blamey
- Fundación Biociencia, José Domingo Cañas 2280, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile; Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Alameda 3363, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile.
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50
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Kumar A. Biobleaching: An eco-friendly approach to reduce chemical consumption and pollutants generation. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2019-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The pulp and paper industry is known to be a large contributor to environmental pollution due to the huge consumption of chemicals and energy. Several chemicals including H2SO4, Cl2, ClO2, NaOH, and H2O2 are used during the bleaching process. These chemicals react with lignin and carbohydrates to generate a substantial amount of pollutants in bleach effluents. Environmental pressure has compelled the pulp and paper industry to reduce pollutant generation from the bleaching section. Enzymes have emerged as simple, economical, and eco-friendly alternatives for bleaching of pulp. The pretreatment of pulp with enzymes is termed as biobleaching or pre-bleaching. Different microbial enzymes such as xylanases, pectinases, laccases, manganese peroxidases (MnP), and lignin peroxidases are used for biobleaching. Xylanases depolymerize the hemicelluloses precipitated on pulp fiber surfaces and improves the efficiency of bleaching chemicals. Xylanase treatment also increases the pulp fibrillation and reduces the beating time of the pulp. Pectinases hydrolyze pectin available in the pulp fibers and improve the papermaking process. Laccase treatment is found more effective along with mediator molecules (as a laccase-mediator system). Biobleaching of pulp results in the superior quality of pulp along with lower consumption of chlorine-based chemicals and lower generation of adsorbable organic halidesadsorbable organic halides (AOX. An enzyme pretreatment reduces the kappa number of pulp and improves ISO brightness significantly. Better physical strength properties and pulp viscosity have also been observed during biobleaching of pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology , Debre Markos University College of Natural and Computational Science , Debre Markos 269 Gojjam , Ethiopia
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