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Ding M, Yang Y, Zhang Z, Liu H, Dai Y, Wang Z, Ma S, Liu Y, Wang Q. Structural characterization of the polysaccharide from the black crystal region of Inonotus obliquus and its effect on AsPC-1 and SW1990 pancreatic cancer cell apoptosis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131891. [PMID: 38677687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
In this study, one water soluble polysaccharide (IOP1-1) with a weight average molecular weight of 6886 Da was obtained from the black crystal region of Inonotus obliquus by hot water extraction, DEAE-52 cellulose extraction and Sephadex-100 column chromatography purification. Structural analysis indicated that IOP1-1 was a glucan with a main chain composed of α-Glcp-(1 → 4)-α-Glcp-(1 → 4)-β-Glcp-(1 → 4)-β-Glcp-(1 → 4)-α-Glcp-(1 → 6)-β-Glcp-(1 → 4)-α-Glcp-(1 → 3)-β-Glcp-(1→. The CCK-8 assay results showed that IOP1-1 inhibited AsPC-1 and SW1990 pancreatic cancer cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that IOP1-1 induced cell cycle arrest in AsPC-1 and SW1990 cells. Hoechst 33342 staining and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining analysis showed that IOP1-1 could induce apoptosis in AsPC-1 and SW1990 cells. Furthermore, western blot analysis confirmed that IOP1-1 could induce apoptosis in AsPC-1 and SW1990 pancreatic cancer cells through three pathways: the mitochondrial pathway, the death receptor pathway, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. According to these research data, IOP1-1 may be utilized as an adjuvant treatment to anticancer medications, opening up new application prospects and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Ding
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hongxiang Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yingdi Dai
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Sijia Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
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2
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Elnahas MO, Elkhateeb WA, Daba GM. Nutritive profile, pharmaceutical potentials, and structural analysis of multifunctional bioactive fungal polysaccharides-A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:130893. [PMID: 38493817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Asian nations have long used edible fungi as food and medicine. Polysaccharides are among the main building units of the cell walls of fungi. Fungal polysaccharides have been documented in the medicinal and industrial sectors as products with a vast array of various biological activities and applications such as antitumor, antioxidant, anticancer, immunomodulation, and antiviral activities, etc. The goal of this review is to give insights into the various biological activities of mushroom polysaccharides and their potential as a medicine for human health. The extraction, purity, and structural analysis of fungal polysaccharides were also reviewed in this work. Also, future prospective, and challenges for fungal polysaccharides in pharmaceutical applications can be found in this review. Overall, this review serves as a valuable resource in exploring the therapeutic potential and applications of fungal polysaccharides. By building upon the existing knowledge base and addressing critical research gaps, researchers can find new opportunities for utilizing fungal polysaccharides as valuable therapeutic agents and functional ingredients in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa O Elnahas
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Waill A Elkhateeb
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Ghoson M Daba
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
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3
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An Z, Yuan M, Xu X, Huang Z, Zhu L, Cai Z, Shen Y. Active pullulan-based coatings incorporated with Auricularia auricular extracts for preserving potato fresh-cuts. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:1147-1161. [PMID: 38440674 PMCID: PMC10908726 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01420-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In the present study, Auricularia auricular polysaccharides (AAP) and Auricularia auricular proteins (AAPR) obtained from the waste products of Auricularia auricular were incorporated into pullulan (PUL) to obtain active packaging films/coatings. Results showed that incorporating AAP/AAPR into PUL-based films decreased their transparency, but increased the compactness, thermal stability, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. Adding 2% PUL films with 10%:10% of AAP/AAPR exhibiting good mechanical properties were applied to fresh-cut potatoes to avoid spoilage during eight days of storage, with significantly decreased in browning index, weight loss, microbial growth prevention and the total soluble solids was maintained. These results substantiated that pullulan containing AAP/AAPR as an active film/coating with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties has significant potential for maintaining safety and quality of fresh-cut potatoes and extending their shelf life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxiang An
- Laboratory of Agro-Processing and Safety Control Engineering, Jiangxi Development and Reform Commission, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
| | - Meng Yuan
- Laboratory of Agro-Processing and Safety Control Engineering, Jiangxi Development and Reform Commission, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
| | - Xian Xu
- Laboratory of Agro-Processing and Safety Control Engineering, Jiangxi Development and Reform Commission, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
| | - Zhanwang Huang
- Laboratory of Agro-Processing and Safety Control Engineering, Jiangxi Development and Reform Commission, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
| | - Liqin Zhu
- Laboratory of Agro-Processing and Safety Control Engineering, Jiangxi Development and Reform Commission, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
| | - Zhipeng Cai
- Laboratory of Agro-Processing and Safety Control Engineering, Jiangxi Development and Reform Commission, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
| | - Yonggen Shen
- Laboratory of Agro-Processing and Safety Control Engineering, Jiangxi Development and Reform Commission, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
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4
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Gong P, Pei S, Long H, Yang W, Yao W, Li N, Wang J, Zhao Y, Chen F, Xie J, Guo Y. Potential inhibitory effect of Auricularia auricula polysaccharide on advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129856. [PMID: 38423908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a novel polysaccharide, AAP-2S, was extracted from Auricularia auricula, and the anti-glycosylation effect of AAP-2S and its underlying mechanisms were investigated using an in vitro BSA-fructose model and a cellular model. The results demonstrated the inhibiting formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in vitro by AAP-2S. Concurrently, it attenuated oxidative damage to proteins in the model, preserved protein sulfhydryl groups from oxidation, reduced protein carbonylation, prevented structural alterations in proteins, and decreased the formation of β-crosslinked structures. Furthermore, AAP-2S demonstrated metal-chelating capabilities. GC-MS/MS-based metabolomics were employed to analyze changes in metabolic profiles induced by AAP-2S in a CML-induced HK-2 cell model. Mechanistic investigations revealed that AAP-2S could mitigate glycosylation and ameliorate cell fibrosis by modulating the RAGE/TGF-β/NOX4 pathway. This study provides a foundational framework for further exploration of Auricularia auricular polysaccharide as a natural anti-AGEs agent, paving the way for its potential development and application as a food additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Gong
- School of Food science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Shuya Pei
- School of Food science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Hui Long
- School of Food science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- School of Food science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Wenbo Yao
- School of Food science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Nan Li
- School of Food science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Food science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yanni Zhao
- School of Food science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Fuxin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Jianwu Xie
- School of Food science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yuxi Guo
- School of Food science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
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5
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Du X, Chen J, Hu T, Xu Y, Wu J, Peng J, Cheng L, Yu Y, Li L. Identification and structural characterization of key prebiotic fraction of soluble dietary fiber from grapefruit peel sponge layer and its regulation effect on gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129274. [PMID: 38199546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the key prebiotic fraction of grapefruit peel sponge layer soluble dietary fiber (GSLSDF) was identified, and its structure characteristics and modulatory effect on intestinal microorganisms were investigated. Firstly, two fractions (GSLSDF-1 and GSLSDF-2) were isolated from GSLSDF, and the GSLSDF-1 showed a better prebiotic activity. Subsequently, GSLSDF-1 was found to have a low molecular weight and crystallinity, a loose and porous microstructure, and a high glucose content. Meanwhile, GSLSDF-1 was a dextran with a main chain linked by β-1, 4 glycosidic bonds and branched by a β-1, 6 glycosidic bonds. These structural characteristics were responsible for the favorable prebiotic activity of GSLSDF-1. Finally, the regulation effect of GSLSDF-1 on gut microbiota was analyzed in vitro fecal fermentation. Compared with the blank and GSLSDF groups, GSLSDF-1 could increase the relative abundances of Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium coupled with decrease the relative abundances of Clostridium and Clostridioides. Furthermore, GSLSDF-1 promoted the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by modulating the SCFAs synthesis pathway of intestinal microorganisms, while the NH3-N synthesis of intestinal microorganisms was inhibited by GSLSDF-1. Above results indicated that GSLSDF-1 was the key prebiotic fraction of GSLSDF, which could effectively optimize the intestinal microorganism composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Du
- Sericultural & Argi-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, No. 133 Yiheng street., Dongguanzhuang road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Sericultural & Argi-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, No. 133 Yiheng street., Dongguanzhuang road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Tenggen Hu
- Sericultural & Argi-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, No. 133 Yiheng street., Dongguanzhuang road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Yujuan Xu
- Sericultural & Argi-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, No. 133 Yiheng street., Dongguanzhuang road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Jijun Wu
- Sericultural & Argi-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, No. 133 Yiheng street., Dongguanzhuang road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Jian Peng
- Sericultural & Argi-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, No. 133 Yiheng street., Dongguanzhuang road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Lina Cheng
- Sericultural & Argi-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, No. 133 Yiheng street., Dongguanzhuang road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Yuanshan Yu
- Sericultural & Argi-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, No. 133 Yiheng street., Dongguanzhuang road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510610, China.
| | - Lu Li
- Sericultural & Argi-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, No. 133 Yiheng street., Dongguanzhuang road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510610, China.
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Ma QY, Xu QD, Chen N, Zeng WC. A polysaccharide from Epiphyllum oxypetalum (DC.) Haw. and its immunomodulatory activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126792. [PMID: 37683740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
A polysaccharide (EOP) from Epiphyllum oxypetalum (DC.) Haw. was isolated and identified, and its immunomodulatory activity was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. By using multispectral analysis, EOP was determined to be composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, and galacturonic acid at a molar ratio of 26.65:11.48:53.79:6.04, and its molecular weight was 5.77 × 106 Da. In addition, backbone structure of EOP was determined to consist of (1 → 4)-linked β-Galp, (1 → 2)-linked β-Rhap, (1 → 3,4)-linked β-Galp, (1 → 2,4)-linked β-Rhap and (1 → 4) -linked α-GalpA, terminating with t-β-Arap and t-β-Galp. The in vitro immunomodulatory activity assay on RAW 264.7 cell showed that EOP increased the proliferation of macrophages, enhanced its phagocytic capability, and promoted the production of cytokines including nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Furthermore, the in vivo evaluation on zebrafish showed that EOP could reduce the residual content of fluorescent microspheres in zebrafish, which indicated that EOP had the capability to enhance the macrophage phagocytosis. All results suggested that EOP showed a complex structure and exhibited significant immunomodulatory activity both in vitro and in vivo that had the potential to be utilized valuably in food and medicine industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yue Ma
- Department of Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Qian-Da Xu
- Department of Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Wei-Cai Zeng
- Department of Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology of Sichuan Province of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
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7
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Hu TG, Tan FX, Li L, An KJ, Zou B, Wen J, Wu JJ, Xiao GS, Yu YS, Xu YJ. Structural elucidation and physicochemical properties of litchi polysaccharide with the promoting effect on exopolysaccharide production by Weissella confusa. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126944. [PMID: 37722646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharide (EPS), as a secondary metabolite of microorganisms, has been commonly used in the dairy industry to replace the traditional stabilizers. However, the EPS production by microorganism is generally low, which limits its application. A litchi polysaccharide (Lzp2-2) with the promoting effect on EPS production by Weissella confusa was purified. The SEM and FT-IR analysis indicated that Lzp2-2 displayed a compact netlike structure and typical bands of carbohydrates. The structure of Lzp2-2 was further elucidated, which was comprised of a major backbone structure [→3)-β-D-Galp-(1→6)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 6)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 3)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 3)-α-D-Glcp-(1→] linked with two side chains [α-L-Araf-(1 → 5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, and β-D-Glcp-(1 → or α-L-Araf-(1→] at the O-3 and O-6) of β-D-Galp-(1→, respectively. Finally, Lzp2-2 was applied as an additive to the medium of yoghurt fermented by W. confusa. The results indicated Lzp2-2 not only promoted the EPS production to improve the viscosity, texture and mouthfeel of yoghurt, but also facilitated the generation of other secondary metabolites (volatile organic compounds), thus elevating the flavor of yoghurt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Gen Hu
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, China; Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, China
| | - Feng-Xiang Tan
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, China
| | - Lu Li
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, China
| | - Ke-Jing An
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, China
| | - Bo Zou
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, China; Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, China
| | - Ji-Jun Wu
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, China
| | | | - Yuan-Shan Yu
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, China; Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, China.
| | - Yu-Juan Xu
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, China; Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, China.
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Wang T, Jia Z, An C, Ren P, Yang Y, Wang W, Su L. The Protective Effect of Auricularia cornea var. Li. Polysaccharide on Alcoholic Liver Disease and Its Effect on Intestinal Microbiota. Molecules 2023; 28:8003. [PMID: 38138493 PMCID: PMC10745760 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study's objective was to examine the protective effect and mechanism of a novel polysaccharide (AYP) from Auricularia cornea var. Li. on alcoholic liver disease in mice. AYP was extracted from the fruiting bodies of Auricularia cornea var. Li. by enzymatic extraction and purified by DEAE-52 and Sephacryl S-400. Structural features were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography, ion exchange chromatography and Fourier-transform infrared analysis. Additionally, alcoholic liver disease (ALD) mice were established to explore the hepatoprotective activity of AYP (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/d). Here, our results showed that AYP presented high purity with a molecular weight of 4.64 × 105 Da. AYP was composed of galacturonic acid, galactose, glucose, arabinose, mannose, xylose, rhamnose, ribos, glucuronic acid and fucose (molar ratio: 39.5:32.9:23.6:18.3:6.5:5.8:5.8:3.3:2:1.1). Notably, AYP remarkably reduced liver function impairment (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC)), nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) of the liver and enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione (gGSH)) in mice with ALD. Meanwhile, the serum level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were reduced in ALD mice treated by AYP. Furthermore, the AYPH group was the most effective and was therefore chosen to further investigate its effect on the intestinal microbiota (bacteria and fungi) of ALD mice. Based on 16s rRNA and ITS-1 sequencing data, AYP influenced the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota to mitigate the damage of ALD mice, possibly by raising the abundance of favorable microbiota (Muribaculaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Kazachstania) and diminishing the abundance of detrimental microbiota (Lactobacillus, Mortierella and Candida). This discovery opens new possibilities for investigating physiological activity in A. cornea var. Li. and provides theoretical references for natural liver-protecting medication research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianci Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (T.W.); (Z.J.)
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Zikun Jia
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (T.W.); (Z.J.)
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Canghai An
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Ping Ren
- Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yiting Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Wanting Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ling Su
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (T.W.); (Z.J.)
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
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Qiu Y, Su Y, Song J, Mou F, Gou J, Geng X, Li X, Nie Z, Wang J, Zheng Y, Wang M. Carboxymethylation of the polysaccharide from the fermentation broth of Marasmius androsaceus and its antidepressant mechanisms. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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10
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Qian K, Qi Z, Xu A, Li X, Zhang B, Li Y. Interspecies hybridization between Auricularia cornea cv. Yu Muer and Auricularia heimuer cv. Bai Muer through protoplast fusion. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1280420. [PMID: 38029091 PMCID: PMC10643175 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1280420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Color variations in cultivated edible mushrooms present novel and potentially valuable alternatives to the research and cultivation industries. We collected, identified, and domesticated a white strain of Auricularia cornea and a white strain of Auricularia heimuer from China. However, due to an unstable phenotype and stricter requirements on environment and management technology, the production and utilization of Auricularia heimuer cv. Bai Muer make slow progress. Outcrossing is an essential means to broaden the intraspecific genetic resources to expand the gene pool and compensate for the limitations of related species hybridization. In this study, interspecies hybridization between Auricularia cornea cv. Yu Muer and Auricularia heimuer cv. Bai Muer was conducted using polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced double-inactivated protoplast fusion. Apart from the functional complementation of double-inactivated protoplasts, the hybrids were characterized by colony morphology, antagonistic test, primordial morphology, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fingerprinting. The results suggested that the hybrids and their parents showed significant differences in their colony morphology. Moreover, positive barrage reactions were observed between each parent and hybrid. Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and start codon targeted (SCoT) profile analysis of fusants and parents depicted that fusants contained polymorphic bands, which indicated the rearrangement and deletion of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in the fusants. Yellowish-white primordia were obtained from two hybrids. Protoplast fusion may reinforce the genetic potential and provide an ideal alternative for breeding albino Auricularia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqing Qian
- Northeast Asian Specialty Germplasm Resources Innovation Centre, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhengxiang Qi
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Anran Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Northeast Asian Specialty Germplasm Resources Innovation Centre, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Northeast Asian Specialty Germplasm Resources Innovation Centre, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Li
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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11
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Zhou Y, Jia Y, Xu N, Tang L, Chang Y. Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull.) polysaccharides improve obesity in mice by regulating gut microbiota and TLR4/JNK signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126172. [PMID: 37558018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has emerged as a crucial factor impacting people's lives, and gut microbiota disorders contribute to its development and progression. Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull.) polysaccharides (AAPs), a traditional functional food in Asia, exhibit potential anti-obesity effects. However, the specific mechanism still needs to be further confirmed. This study investigated the beneficial effects and specific mechanisms of AAPs on obesity. Firstly, AAPs showed significant improvements in overweight, insulin resistance, glucose and lipid metabolism disorders, and liver damage in obese mice. Additionally, AAPs ameliorated gut microbiota disorders, promoting the proliferation of beneficial bacteria like Lactobacillus and Roseburia, resulting in increased levels of SCFAs, folate, and cobalamin. Simultaneously, AAPs inhibited the growth of harmful bacteria, thereby protecting intestinal barrier function, improving endotoxemia, and decreasing the levels of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and IL-6. Furthermore, AAPs can inhibit the TLR4/JNK signaling pathway while promoting the activation of AKT and AMPK. Importantly, our study underscored the pivotal role of gut microbiota in the anti-obesity effects of AAPs, as evidenced by fecal microbiota transplantation experiments. In conclusion, our findings elucidated that AAPs improve obesity by regulating gut microbiota and TLR4/JNK signaling pathway, offering novel perspectives for further conclusion the anti-obesity potential of AAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Zhou
- East China University of Science and Technology, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuezhong Jia
- East China University of Science and Technology, People's Republic of China
| | - Nuo Xu
- East China University of Science and Technology, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Tang
- East China University of Science and Technology, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaning Chang
- East China University of Science and Technology, People's Republic of China.
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Bai C, Su F, Zhang W, Kuang H. A Systematic Review on the Research Progress on Polysaccharides from Fungal Traditional Chinese Medicine. Molecules 2023; 28:6816. [PMID: 37836659 PMCID: PMC10574063 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a class of natural drugs with multiple components and significant therapeutic effects through multiple targets. It also originates from a wide range of sources containing plants, animals and minerals, and among them, plant-based Chinese medicine also includes fungi. Fungal traditional Chinese medicine is a medicinal resource with a long history and widespread application in China. Accumulating evidence confirms that polysaccharide is the main pharmacodynamic material on which fungal TCM is based. The purpose of the current systematic review is to summarize the extraction, isolation, structural identification, biological functions, quality control and medicinal and edible applications of polysaccharides from fungal TCM in the past three years. This paper will supplement and deepen the understanding and application of polysaccharides from fungal TCM, and propose some valuable insights for further research and development of drugs and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (C.B.); (F.S.); (W.Z.)
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13
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Khan AA, Lu LX, Yao FJ, Fang M, Wang P, Zhang YM, Meng JJ, Ma XX, He Q, Shao KS, Wei YH, Xu B. Characterization, antioxidant activity, and mineral profiling of Auricularia cornea mushroom strains. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1167805. [PMID: 37404858 PMCID: PMC10315456 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1167805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mushrooms are considered as next-generation healthy food components. Owing to their low-fat content, high-quality proteins, dietary fiber, and rich source of nutraceuticals. They are ideally preferred in formulation of low-caloric functional foods. In this view, the breeding strategies of mushroom Auricularia cornea (A. cornea) focusing on high yield and higher quality with rich nutritional values and health benefits are still needed. Materials and methods A total of 50 strains of A. cornea were used to analyze the bio efficiency and the time required for fruiting body formation following the cultivation experiment. The calorimetric method was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity and quantify the crude polysaccharides and minerals content thereafter. Results The results showed that the time required for fruiting body formation and biological efficiency varied significantly among the selected strains. Noticeably, the wild domesticated strain Ac13 of A. cornea mushroom showed the shortest fruit development time (80 days). Similarly, the hybrid strains including Ac3 and Ac15 possessed the highest biological efficiency (82.40 and 94.84%). Hybrid strains Ac18 (15.2%) and cultivated strains Ac33 (15.6%) showed the highest content of crude polysaccharides, while cultivated strains Ac1 and Ac33, demonstrated the highest content of total polysaccharides in the fruiting body (216 mg. g-1 and 200 mg. g-1). In the case of mineral content, the highest zinc contents were observed from the cultivated strain Ac46 (486.33 mg·kg-1). The maximum iron content was detected from the hybrid strain Ac3 (788 mg·kg-1), and the wild domesticated strain Ac28 (350 mg·kg-1). The crude polysaccharides of the A. cornea strain showed significant antioxidant potential, and the ability of Ac33 and Ac24 to scavenge DPPH radicals and ABTS, which was significantly improved compared to other strains, respectively. Principal component analysis was applied to examine the agronomic traits and chemical compounds of various strains of A. cornea mushrooms. The results revealed that cultivated, wild domesticated, and hybrid strains of A. cornea exhibited distinct characteristics in terms of growth, yield, and nutritional properties. Conclusion The crude polysaccharides from A. cornea mushroom strains act as natural antioxidants, the wild, hybrid, and commercial A. cornea mushroom strains can achieve rapid growth, early maturation, and high yields. The evaluation of biochemical indexes and nutritional characteristics of strains with excellent traits provided a scientific basis for initiating high-quality breeding, provided germplasm resources for the production of "functional food" with real nutritional and health value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Ali Khan
- College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- International Cooperation Research Center of China for New Germplasm Breeding of Edible Mushrooms, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Li-Xin Lu
- College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Fang-Jie Yao
- College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- International Cooperation Research Center of China for New Germplasm Breeding of Edible Mushrooms, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ming Fang
- College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Institute of Economical Plants Research, Academy of Agricultural Science of Jilin Province, Gongzhuling, China
| | - You-Min Zhang
- College of Forestry and Grassland, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing-Jing Meng
- College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao-Xu Ma
- International Cooperation Research Center of China for New Germplasm Breeding of Edible Mushrooms, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Qi He
- International Cooperation Research Center of China for New Germplasm Breeding of Edible Mushrooms, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Kai-Sheng Shao
- International Cooperation Research Center of China for New Germplasm Breeding of Edible Mushrooms, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yun-hui Wei
- Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanchang, Nanchang, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, China
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García-Márquez J, Moreira BR, Valverde-Guillén P, Latorre-Redoli S, Caneda-Santiago CT, Acién G, Martínez-Manzanares E, Marí-Beffa M, Abdala-Díaz RT. In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of Ulvan Polysaccharides from Ulva rigida. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050660. [PMID: 37242444 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main bioactive compounds of interest from the Ulva species is the sulfated polysaccharide ulvan, which has recently attracted attention for its anticancer properties. This study investigated the cytotoxic activity of ulvan polysaccharides obtained from Ulva rigida in the following scenarios: (i) in vitro against healthy and carcinogenic cell lines (1064sk (human fibroblasts), HACAT (immortalized human keratinocytes), U-937 (a human leukemia cell line), G-361 (a human malignant melanoma), and HCT-116 (a colon cancer cell line)) and (ii) in vivo against zebrafish embryos. Ulvan exhibited cytotoxic effects on the three human cancer cell lines tested. However, only HCT-116 demonstrated sufficient sensitivity to this ulvan to make it relevant as a potential anticancer treatment, presenting an LC50 of 0.1 mg mL-1. The in vivo assay on the zebrafish embryos showed a linear relationship between the polysaccharide concentration and growth retardation at 7.8 hpf mL mg-1, with an LC50 of about 5.2 mg mL-1 at 48 hpf. At concentrations near the LC50, toxic effects, such as pericardial edema or chorion lysis, could be found in the experimental larvae. Our in vitro study supports the potential use of polysaccharides extracted from U. rigida as candidates for treating human colon cancer. However, the in vivo assay on zebrafish indicated that the potential use of ulvan as a promising, safe compound should be limited to specific concentrations below 0.001 mg mL-1 since it revealed side effects on the embryonic growth rate and osmolar balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge García-Márquez
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Andalusian Institute of Blue Biotechnology and Development (IBYDA), Malaga University, Campus Universitario de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Bruna Rodrigues Moreira
- Phycology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Piedad Valverde-Guillén
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Science, Andalusian Institute of Blue Biotechnology and Development (IBYDA), Malaga University, Campus Universitario de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Sofía Latorre-Redoli
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Science, Andalusian Institute of Blue Biotechnology and Development (IBYDA), Malaga University, Campus Universitario de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Candela T Caneda-Santiago
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Science, Andalusian Institute of Blue Biotechnology and Development (IBYDA), Malaga University, Campus Universitario de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Gabriel Acién
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Almería University, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Eduardo Martínez-Manzanares
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Andalusian Institute of Blue Biotechnology and Development (IBYDA), Malaga University, Campus Universitario de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Malaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Manuel Marí-Beffa
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Science, Andalusian Institute of Blue Biotechnology and Development (IBYDA), Malaga University, Campus Universitario de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Malaga, Spain
- Networking Biomedical Research Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Málaga Biomedical Research Institute and Nanomedicine Platform (IBIMA BIONAND Platform), 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Roberto T Abdala-Díaz
- Department of Ecology and Geology, Faculty of Science, Andalusian Institute of Blue Biotechnology and Development (IBYDA), Malaga University, Campus Universitario de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Malaga, Spain
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15
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Zhao S, Gao Y, Wang H, Fan Y, Wang P, Zhao W, Wong JH, Wang D, Zhao X, Ng TB. A novel mushroom ( Auricularia polytricha) glycoprotein protects against lead-induced hepatoxicity, promotes lead adsorption, inhibits organ accumulation of lead, upregulates detoxifying proteins, and enhances immunoregulation in rats. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1144346. [PMID: 37090774 PMCID: PMC10116064 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1144346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lead is a ubiquitous environmental and industrial pollutant. Its nonbiodegradable toxicity induces a plethora of human diseases. A novel bioactive glycoprotein containing 1.15% carbohydrate, with the ability of adsorbing lead and effecting detoxification, has been purified from Auricularia polytricha and designated as APL. Besides, its mechanisms related to regulation of hepatic metabolic derangements at the proteome level were analyzed in this study. Methods Chromatographic techniques were utilized to purify APL in the current study. For investigating the protective effects of APL, Sprague-Dawley rats were given daily intraperitoneal injections of lead acetate for establishment of an animal model, and different dosages of APL were gastrically irrigated for study of protection from lead detoxification. Liver samples were prepared for proteomic analyses to explore the detoxification mechanisms. Results and discussion The detoxifying glycoprotein APL displayed unique molecular properties with molecular weight of 252-kDa, was isolated from fruiting bodies of the edible fungus A. polytricha. The serum concentrations of lead and the liver function biomarkers aspartate and alanine aminotransferases were significantly (p<0.05) improved after APL treatment, as well as following treatment with the positive control EDTA (300 mg/kg body weight). Likewise, results on lead residue showed that the clearance ratios of the liver and kidneys were respectively 44.5% and 18.1% at the dosage of APL 160 mg/kg, which was even better than the corresponding data for EDTA. Proteomics disclosed that 351 proteins were differentially expressed following lead exposure and the expression levels of 41 proteins enriched in pathways mainly involved in cell detoxification and immune regulation were normalized after treatment with APL-H. The results signify that APL ameliorates lead-induced hepatic injury by positive regulation of immune processing, and suggest that APL can be applied as a therapeutic intervention of lead poisoning in clinical practice. This report represents the first demonstration of the protective action of a novel mushroom protein on lead-elicited hepatic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Xicheng District Health Care Center for Mothers and Children, Beijing, China
| | - Hexiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Fan
- Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Beijing, China
| | - Wenting Zhao
- Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Beijing, China
| | - Jack Ho Wong
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Beijing, China
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Yang M, Qian Z, Zhan Q, Zhong L, Hu Q, Zhao L. Application of definitive screening design to optimization of the protein extraction and functional properties of proteins in Auricularia auricula. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:1226-1236. [PMID: 36085582 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Auricularia auricula (A. auricula) is one of the most abundant sources of plant protein in edible fungi. Problems of low protein yield exist in traditional methods of protein extraction such as alkali extraction and ultrasonic-assisted alkali after pretreatment with enzymes. Thus, the protein extraction process was investigated and optimized using a definitive screening design from A. auricula to improve the protein yield under practical operating conditions of temperature, the concentration of NaCl, meal/water ratio, extraction time and pH. RESULTS The yield of protein isolates of the isoelectric-ammonium sulfate precipitation (9.34% w/w) was obtained almost three times and the protein content (55.23% w/w) was approximately 1.6 times that of the traditional extraction method of isoelectric precipitation. Next, the optimized method was successfully applied to the analysis of the functional properties of the protein. A. auricula protein isolate (AAPI) had better solubility, emulsification and foaming capacity than soy protein isolate (SPI) and pea protein isolate (PPI), and the oil holding capacity of AAPI exhibited extremely well, which was approximately five times that of SPI and six times that of PPI. The texture properties of AAPI gel were similar to those of PPI gels. CONCLUSION AAPI extracted by the optimized method had a satisfactory yield and had the potential to substitute plant-originated proteins in food processing. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdie Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Qian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiping Zhan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Zhong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiuhui Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| | - Liyan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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The Current State and Future Prospects of Auricularia auricula's Polysaccharide Processing Technology Portfolio. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020582. [PMID: 36677640 PMCID: PMC9861292 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Auricularia auricula polysaccharides (AAP) have been widely studied in the field of medicine and healthcare because of their unique structure and physiological activity. Many species of Auricularia auricula polysaccharides have been extracted, isolated, and purified by different methods, and their structures have been analyzed. Auricularia auricula polysaccharides have been proven to have beneficial effects on the human body, including slowing the aging process, controlling the intestinal system, and treating cardiovascular disorders. In this paper, the extraction, isolation, and purification of AAP from Auricularia auricula, as well as research in the field of medicine and healthcare, have pointed to the shortcomings and limitations of these methods. We also suggest future research directions for Auricularia auricula polysaccharides; standardized processing methods must be confirmed, and officially approved AAPs are needed for commercial applications. Finally, an optimistic outlook on the development of AAPs is given.
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Ma Y, Zhang P, Dai X, Yao X, Zhou S, Ma Q, Liu J, Tian S, Zhu J, Zhang J, Kong X, Bao Y. Extraction, physicochemical properties, and antioxidant activity of natural melanin from Auricularia heimuer fermentation. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1131542. [PMID: 36875843 PMCID: PMC9981798 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1131542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Natural melanin from Auricularia heimuer have numerous beneficial biological properties, which were used as a safe and healthy colorant in several industries. Methods In this study, single-factor experiments, Box-Behnken design (BBD), and response surface methodology (RSM) were employed to investigate the effects of alkali-soluble pH, acid precipitation pH, and microwave time on the extraction yield of Auricularia heimuer melanin (AHM) from fermentation. Ultraviolet-visible spectrum (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to analyze the extracted AHM. The solubility, stability, and antioxidant activities of AHM were also measured. Results The results showed that alkali-soluble pH, acid precipitation pH, and microwave time significantly affected the AHM yield, with the following optimized microwave-assisted extraction conditions: alkali-soluble pH of 12.3, acid precipitation pH of 3.1, and microwave time of 53 min, resulting in an AHM extraction yield of 0.4042%. AHM exhibited a strong absorption at 210 nm, similar to melanin from other sources. FT-IR spectroscopy also revealed that AHM exhibited the three characteristic absorption peaks of natural melanin. The HPLC chromatogram profile of AHM showed a single symmetrical elution peak with a 2.435 min retention time. AHM was highly soluble in alkali solution, insoluble in distilled water and organic solvents, and demonstrated strong DPPH, OH, and ABTS free radical scavenging activities. Discussion This study provides technical support to optimize AHM extraction for use in the medical and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinpeng Ma
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.,Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Piqi Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaodong Dai
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuge Yao
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Shuyang Zhou
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qingfang Ma
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jianing Liu
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Tian
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jianan Zhu
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jiechi Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xianghui Kong
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yihong Bao
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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Su Y, Li H, Hu Z, Zhang Y, Guo L, Shao M, Man C, Jiang Y. Research on degradation of polysaccharides during Hericium erinaceus fermentation. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Hobbs C. The Health and Clinical Benefits of Medicinal Fungi. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 184:285-356. [PMID: 37468715 DOI: 10.1007/10_2023_230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The human uses of mushrooms and cultured mycelium products for nutrition and medicine are detailed and supported by available human studies, which in many cases are clinical trials published in peer-reviewed journals. The major medically active immunomodulating compounds in the cell walls-chitin, beta-glucans, and glycoproteins, as well as lower weight molecules-nitrogen-containing compounds, phenolics, and terpenes-are discussed in relation to their current clinical uses. The nutritional content and foods derived from mushrooms, particularly related to their medical benefits, are discussed. High-quality major nutrients such as the high amounts of complete protein and prebiotic fibers found in edible and medicinal fungi and their products are presented. Mushrooms contain the highest amount of valuable medicinal fiber, while dried fruiting bodies of some fungi have up to 80% prebiotic fiber. These fibers are particularly complex and are not broken down in the upper gut, so they can diversify the microbiome and increase the most beneficial species, leading to better immune regulation and increasing normalizing levels of crucial neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine. Since the growth of medicinal mushroom products is expanding rapidly worldwide, attention is placed on reviewing important aspects of mushroom and mycelium cultivation and quality issues relating to adulteration, substitution, and purity and for maximizing medicinal potency. Common questions surrounding medicinal mushroom products in the marketplace, particularly the healing potential of fungal mycelium compared with fruiting bodies, extraction methods, and the use of fillers in products, are all explored, and many points are supported by the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hobbs
- Institute for Natural Products Research, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
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Sun Y, He H, Wang Q, Yang X, Jiang S, Wang D. A Review of Development and Utilization for Edible Fungal Polysaccharides: Extraction, Chemical Characteristics, and Bioactivities. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204454. [PMID: 36298031 PMCID: PMC9609814 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Edible fungi, commonly known as mushrooms, are precious medicinal and edible homologous gifts from nature to us. Because of their distinctive flavor and exceptional nutritional and medicinal value, they have been a frequent visitor to people’s dining tables and have become a hot star in the healthcare, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries. Edible fungal polysaccharides (EFPs) are an essential nutrient for edible fungi to exert bioactivity. They have attracted much attention because of their antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antitumor, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic bioactivities. As a result, EFPs have demonstrated outstanding potential over the past few decades in various disciplines, including molecular biology, immunology, biotechnology, and pharmaceutical chemistry. However, the complexity of EFPs and the significant impact of mushroom variety and extraction techniques on their bioactivities prevents a complete investigation of their biological features. Therefore, the authors of this paper thoroughly reviewed the comparison of different extraction methods of EFPs and their advantages and disadvantages. In addition, the molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and glycosidic bond type and backbone structure of EFPs are described in detail. Moreover, the in vitro and in vivo bioactivities of EFPs extracted by different methods and their potential regulatory mechanisms are summarized. These provide a valuable reference for improving the extraction process of EFPs and their production and development in the pharmaceutical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Sun
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Huaqi He
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Shengjuan Jiang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Daobing Wang
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
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Wang W, Tan J, Nima L, Sang Y, Cai X, Xue H. Polysaccharides from fungi: A review on their extraction, purification, structural features, and biological activities. Food Chem X 2022; 15:100414. [PMID: 36211789 PMCID: PMC9532758 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of extraction methods of polysaccharides from fungi are reviewed and compared. Purification methods, structure of fungal polysaccharides were reviewed. Diverse biological activities of fungal polysaccharides were outlined. Structure-activity relationships of fungal polysaccharides were discussed.
Fungi, as the unique natural resource, are rich in polysaccharides, proteins, fats, vitamins, and other components. Therefore, they have good medical and nutritional values. Polysaccharides are considered one of the most important bioactive components in fungi. Increasing researches have confirmed that fungal polysaccharides have various biological activities, such as antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-tumor, hepatoprotective, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and radioprotective activities. Consequently, the research progresses and future prospects of fungal polysaccharides must be systematically reviewed to promote their better understanding. This paper reviewed the extraction, purification, structure, biological activity, and underlying molecular mechanisms of fungal polysaccharides. Moreover, the structure–activity relationships of fungal polysaccharides were emphasized and discussed. This review can provide scientific basis for the research and industrial utilization of fungal polysaccharides.
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Xue H, Wang W, Bian J, Gao Y, Hao Z, Tan J. Recent advances in medicinal and edible homologous polysaccharides: Extraction, purification, structure, modification, and biological activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:1110-1126. [PMID: 36181889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
110 kinds of traditional Chinese medicines can be used for medicine and food from Chinese pharmacopoeia in 2021. With the deepening of research in recent years, medicinal and edible homologous (MEH) traditional Chinese medicines have great development and application prospects in many fields. Polysaccharides are one of the major and representative pharmacologically active macromolecules in traditional Chinese medicines with MEH. Moreover, traditional Chinese medicines with MEH have become the main source of natural polysaccharides with safety, high efficiency, and low side effects. Increasing researches have confirmed that MEH polysaccharides (MEHPs) have multiple biological activities both in vitro and in vivo methods, such as antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-tumor, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic activities, and regulating intestinal flora. Additionally, different raw materials, extraction, purification, and chemical modification methods result in differences in the structure and biological activities of MEHPs. The purpose of the present review is to provide comprehensively and systematically reorganized information in the extraction, purification, structure, modification, biological activities, and potential mechanism of MEHPs to support their therapeutic effects and health functions. New valuable insights and theoretical basis for the future researches and developments regarding MEHPs were proposed in the fields of medicine and food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkun Xue
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Wenli Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Jiayue Bian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yuchao Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Zitong Hao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Jiaqi Tan
- Medical Comprehensive Experimental Center, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China.
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Xue H, Li P, Bian J, Gao Y, Sang Y, Tan J. Extraction, purification, structure, modification, and biological activity of traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides: A review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1005181. [PMID: 36159471 PMCID: PMC9505017 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1005181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), as the unique natural resource, are rich in polysaccharides, polyphenols, proteins, amino acid, fats, vitamins, and other components. Hence, TCM have high medical and nutritional values. Polysaccharides are one of the most important active components in TCM. Growing reports have indicated that TCM polysaccharides (TCMPs) have various biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-aging, immunomodulatory, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and other activities. Hence, the research progresses and future prospects of TCMPs must be systematically reviewed to promote their better understanding. The aim of this review is to provide comprehensive and systematic recombinant information on the extraction, purification, structure, chemical modification, biological activities, and potential mechanism of TCMPs to support their therapeutic effects and health functions. The findings provide new valuable insights and theoretical basis for future research and development of TCMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkun Xue
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiayue Bian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yuchao Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yumei Sang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Jiaqi Tan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Medical Comprehensive Experimental Center, Hebei University, Baoding, China
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Carboxymethylation of Desmodium styracifolium Polysaccharide and Its Repair Effect on Damaged HK-2 Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2082263. [PMID: 35993017 PMCID: PMC9391130 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2082263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective Desmodium styracifolium is the best traditional medicine for treating kidney calculi in China. This study is aimed at increasing the carboxyl (-COOH) content of D. styracifolium polysaccharide (DSP0) and further increasing its antistone activity. Methods DSP0 was carboxymethylated with chloroacetic acid at varying degrees. Then, oxalate-damaged HK-2 cells were repaired with modified polysaccharide, and the changes in biochemical indices before and after repair were detected. Results Three modified polysaccharides with 7.45% (CDSP1), 12.2% (CDSP2), and 17.7% (CDSP3) -COOH are obtained. Compared with DSP0 (-COOH content = 1.17%), CDSPs have stronger antioxidant activity in vitro and can improve the vitality of damaged HK-2 cells. CDSPs repair the cell morphology and cytoskeleton, increase the cell healing ability, reduce reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide levels, increase mitochondrial membrane potential, limit autophagy level to a low level, reduce the eversion of phosphatidylserine in the cell membrane, weaken the inhibition of oxalate on DNA synthesis, restore cell cycle to normal state, promote cell proliferation, and reduce apoptosis/necrosis. Conclusion The carboxymethylation modification of DSP0 can improve its antioxidant activity and enhance its ability to repair damaged HK-2 cells. Among them, CDSP2 with medium -COOH content has the highest activity of repairing cells, whereas CDSP3 with the highest -COOH content has the highest antioxidant activity. This difference may be related to the active environment of polysaccharide and conformation of the polysaccharide and cell signal pathway. This result suggests that Desmodium styracifolium polysaccharide with increased -COOH content may have improved potential treatment and prevention of kidney calculi.
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Singh S, Pandey JP, Sen G. Microwave assisted synthesis of guar gum based biopolymeric macromolecule optimized as a flocculant for mineral ore processing. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:307-315. [PMID: 35961561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The research endeavour to synthesize a novel, non-toxic, eco-friendly guar gum based biopolymeric macromolecule, [2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl] trimethyl ammonium chloride grafted guar gum (GG-g-P (MAETMAC)) that has been optimized as a flocculant for mineral ore processing. The synthesis was performed using non-radiation and microwave assisted technique to compare and ensure the superiority of the latter. The intended grafting of monomer[2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl] trimethyl ammonium chloride on to the biological macromolecule (guar gum) was confirmed through standard physico-chemical characterization techniques namely X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible (UV-visible) spectroscopy, intrinsic viscosity study, etc. The flocculation efficacy of the synthesized novel graft copolymer was thoroughly investigated in kaolin, coal fine, and iron ore suspensions. We have explored a graft copolymer, [2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl] trimethyl ammonium chloride grafted guar gum that has not been studied yet to the best of our knowledge. To establish the superiority of the synthesized biomaterial, the flocculation study revealed that the best grade of the synthesized novel graft copolymer showed flocculation efficacy of 90 % in kaolin, 69 % in Iron ore, and 29 % in coal fine suspensions which was significantly higher than using alum as a coagulant which provided 36 % efficacy in kaolin, 29 % in iron ore and 10 % in coal fine suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - J P Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Gautam Sen
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India.
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Wang H, Ma JX, Zhou M, Si J, Cui BK. Current advances and potential trends of the polysaccharides derived from medicinal mushrooms sanghuang. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:965934. [PMID: 35992671 PMCID: PMC9382022 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.965934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For thousands of years, sanghuang is distinctive as a general designation for a group of precious and rare Chinese medicinal mushrooms. Numerous investigations have revealed that polysaccharide is one of the important biological active ingredients of sanghuang with various excellent biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-tumor, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, and anti-microbial functionalities. For the past two decades, preparation, structural characterization, and reliable bioactivities of the polysaccharides from fruiting bodies, cultured mycelia, and fermentation broth of sanghuang have been arousing extensive interest, and particularly, different strains, sources, and isolation protocols might result in obvious discrepancies in structural features and bioactivities. Therefore, this review summarizes the recent reports on preparation strategies, structural features, bioactivities, and structure-activity relationships of sanghuang polysaccharides, which will enrich the knowledge on the values of natural sanghuang polysaccharides and support their further development and utilization as therapeutic agents, vaccines, and functional foods in tonic and clinical treatment.
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He H, Hao Y, Ai C, Wang K, Liao W, Shen J. Isolation of Dictyophora indusiata polysaccharide and its effects on the multi-structure characteristics and in vitro digestion of extruded rice starch. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Izham I, Avin F, Raseetha S. Systematic Review: Heat Treatments on Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Activity, and Sensory Quality of Malaysian Mushroom: Oyster (Pleurotus spp.) and Black Jelly (Auricularia spp.). FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.882939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleurotus spp. and Auricularia spp. are popular species consumed by the Malaysian community. Recently, due to increased awareness, both mushrooms are also being consumed for their bioactive compounds, ergothioneine, and antioxidant properties and has been used since earlier ages as therapeutic remedies. The bioactive compounds such as phenol, flavonoid and ergothioneine found in both Pleurotus and Auricularia mushrooms were explored. Differences in heat treatments (microwave, hot air drying, and solar drying) and cooking methods may affect the content of bioactive compounds and their properties. Similarly, sensory acceptance by consumers may be affected too. Antioxidant properties using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) radical and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assay of both raw and heat-treated mushrooms are included. Microwave drying retained color characteristics and bioactive compounds in both mushrooms. To add value to this review, a survey on the consumption pattern of Pleurotus and Auricularia species among Malaysians has been conducted online and concluded that Pleurotus species is the most considered species compared to Auricularia mushroom and almost half of the respondents were not aware that heat may deplete nutritional contents in mushroom despite agreeing both gave beneficial health in diets.
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Jiang XY, Liang JY, Si-Yuan J, Pan Z, Feng T, Jia L, Xin-Xia L, Zhao DS. Garlic polysaccharides: A review on their extraction, isolation, structural characteristics, and bioactivities. Carbohydr Res 2022; 518:108599. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Sillapachaiyaporn C, Chuchawankul S, Nilkhet S, Moungkote N, Sarachana T, Ung AT, Joon Baek S, Tencomnao T. Ergosterol isolated from cloud ear mushroom (Auricularia polytricha) attenuates bisphenol A-induced BV2 microglial cell inflammation. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Hamidi M, Okoro OV, Milan PB, Khalili MR, Samadian H, Nie L, Shavandi A. Fungal exopolysaccharides: Properties, sources, modifications, and biomedical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 284:119152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Bhambri A, Srivastava M, Mahale VG, Mahale S, Karn SK. Mushrooms as Potential Sources of Active Metabolites and Medicines. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:837266. [PMID: 35558110 PMCID: PMC9090473 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.837266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mushrooms exist as an integral and vital component of the ecosystem and are very precious fungi. Mushrooms have been traditionally used in herbal medicines for many centuries. Scope and Approach There are a variety of medicinal mushrooms mentioned in the current work such as Agaricus, Amanita, Calocybe, Cantharellus, Cordyceps, Coprinus, Cortinarius, Ganoderma, Grifola, Huitlacoche, Hydnum, Lentinus, Morchella, Pleurotus, Rigidoporus, Tremella, Trametes sp., etc., which play a vital role in various diseases because of several metabolic components and nutritional values. Medicinal mushrooms can be identified morphologically on the basis of their size, color (white, black, yellow, brown, cream, pink and purple-brown, etc.), chemical reactions, consistency of the stalk and cap, mode of attachment of the gills to the stalk, and spore color and mass, and further identified at a molecular level by Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) regions of gene sequencing. There are also other methods that have recently begun to be used for the identification of mushrooms such as high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), microscopy, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), DNA sequencing, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), chemical finger printing, ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LCMS-TOF) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Lately, the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) technique is also used for the identification of fungi. Key Finding and Conclusion Medicinal mushrooms possess various biological activities like anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, anti-tumor, anti-viral, anti-parasitic, anti-microbial, hepatoprotective, anti-HIV, anti-diabetic, and many others that will be mentioned in this article. This manuscript will provide future direction, action mechanisms, applications, and the recent collective information of medicinal mushrooms. In addition to many unknown metabolites and patented active metabolites are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bhambri
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun, India
| | | | | | | | - Santosh Kumar Karn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun, India
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Liu Q, Ma R, Li S, Fei Y, Lei J, Li R, Pan Y, Liu S, Wang L. Dietary Supplementation of Auricularia auricula-judae Polysaccharides Alleviate Nutritional Obesity in Mice via Regulating Inflammatory Response and Lipid Metabolism. Foods 2022; 11:foods11070942. [PMID: 35407029 PMCID: PMC8997552 DOI: 10.3390/foods11070942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of lipid metabolism disorder and obesity that is caused by high-calorie diets is increasing year by year, which has become an urgent global health problem. This study was performed to explore the intervention effects of polysaccharides that were extracted from Auricularia auricula-judae resources in the Qinba Mountain area on nutritional obesity in C57BL/6J mice that was induced by high fat and high fructose diets (HFFD) and to investigate their underlying molecular mechanisms. The results showed that dietary supplementation of Auricularia auricula-judae polysaccharides (AAP) significantly improved mice’s insulin resistance state, altered serum lipid metabolites, and slowed down body weight gain that was induced by HFFD. In addition, AAP supplementation decreased inflammatory factor levels and alleviated liver histomorphology changes. Furthermore, AAP down-regulated liver adipogenic-related gene expressions, suppressed cholesterol synthesis-related gene levels, up-regulated fatty acid β-oxidation-related gene expressions, and promoted cholesterol efflux-related gene expressions, thus improving mice hepatic lipid metabolism homeostasis. Moreover, the intervention effects were closely related to mitochondrial function. These results provide a scientific basis for the further development and utilization of Auricularia auricula-judae resources in the Qinba Mountain area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-29-88305208
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An Insight into Antihyperlipidemic Effects of Polysaccharides from Natural Resources. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061903. [PMID: 35335266 PMCID: PMC8952498 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a chronic metabolic disease caused by the abnormal metabolism of lipoproteins in the human body. Its main hazard is to accelerate systemic atherosclerosis, which causes cerebrovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease and thrombosis. At the same time, although the current hypolipidemic drugs have a certain therapeutic effect, they have side effects such as liver damage and digestive tract discomfort. Many kinds of polysaccharides from natural resources possess therapeutic effects on hyperlipidemia but still lack a comprehensive understanding. In this paper, the research progress of natural polysaccharides on reducing blood lipids in recent years is reviewed. The pharmacological mechanisms and targets of natural polysaccharides are mainly introduced. The relationship between structure and hypolipidemic activity is also discussed in detail. This review will help to understand the value of polysaccharides in lowering blood lipids and provide guidance for the development and clinical application of new hypolipidemic drugs.
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Zhang Y, Shi Q, Jiang W, Yao J, Zeng J, Wang W, Zhang Y. Comparison of the chemical composition and antioxidant stress ability of polysaccharides from Auricularia auricula under different drying methods. Food Funct 2022; 13:2938-2951. [PMID: 35191914 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03956c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Auricularia auricula fruiting body-derived polysaccharides (AAPs) were dried using different drying procedures, including hot air-, far infrared-, freeze-, and microwave-drying. The influences of different drying procedures on the chemical compositions and antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo of AAPs were investigated. The results indicated that freeze-dried AAPs (AAPs-F) possessed the highest uronic acid content (33.53%) and the lowest molecular weight (406.77 kDa). Moreover, AAPs-F exhibited the most potent antioxidant abilities in vitro, including ABTS+ and DPPH˙ scavenging abilities, ferric reducing power, and metal ion chelating capacity. Besides, AAPs-F could significantly prolong the lifespan of wild-type C. elegans under oxidative stress induced by H2O2 and methyl viologen (p < 0.05) and upregulate the mRNA expression levels of daf-16 (>2.7 fold), sod-3 (>9.2 fold), skn-1 (>4.5 fold) and sir-2.1 (>1.9 fold), and play a significant role in protecting C. elegans against apoptosis (p < 0.05). Hence, freeze-drying was determined as the preferred procedure for obtaining high-quality AAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, China.
| | - Qianwen Shi
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, China.
| | - Wen Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, China.
| | - Jing Yao
- Liang Xin College, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, China
| | - Jiangying Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, China.
| | - Weimin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, China.
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, China.
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Wang X, Ren Y, Wang Y, Li H, Huang J, Wang Z, Yue T, Gao Z. Changes in the physicochemical composition of Auricularia auricula during growth stages and control of endogenous formaldehyde. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Zhao Y, Shui D, Li S, Lin X, Liang H, Zhang S, Ji C. Complexation behavior of
Auricularia auricula
polysaccharide and whey protein isolate: Characterization and potential beverage application. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunsong Zhao
- School of Food Science and Technology Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian PR China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood Dalian PR China
| | - Dongning Shui
- School of Food Science and Technology Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian PR China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood Dalian PR China
| | - Shengjie Li
- School of Food Science and Technology Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian PR China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood Dalian PR China
| | - Xinping Lin
- School of Food Science and Technology Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian PR China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood Dalian PR China
| | - Huipeng Liang
- School of Food Science and Technology Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian PR China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood Dalian PR China
| | - Sufang Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian PR China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood Dalian PR China
| | - Chaofan Ji
- School of Food Science and Technology Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian PR China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood Dalian PR China
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Wang Y, Yang Z, Shi L, Yang R, Guo H, Zhang S, Geng G. Transcriptome analysis of Auricularia fibrillifera fruit-body responses to drought stress and rehydration. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:58. [PMID: 35033026 PMCID: PMC8760723 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought stress severely restricts edible fungus production. The genus Auricularia has a rare drought tolerance, a rehydration capability, and is nutrient rich. RESULTS The key genes and metabolic pathways involved in drought-stress and rehydration were investigated using a transcriptome analysis to clarify the relevant molecular mechanisms. In total, 173.93 Mb clean reads, 26.09 Gb of data bulk, and 52,954 unigenes were obtained. Under drought-stress and rehydration conditions, 14,235 and 8539 differentially expressed genes, respectively, were detected. 'Tyrosine metabolic', 'caffeine metabolism', 'ribosome', 'phagosome', and 'proline and arginine metabolism', as well as 'peroxisome' and 'mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling' pathways, had major roles in A. fibrillifera responses to drought stress. 'Tyrosine' and 'caffeine metabolism' might reveal unknown mechanisms for the antioxidation of A. fibrillifera under drought-stress conditions. During the rehydration process, 'diterpenoid biosynthesis', 'butanoate metabolism', 'C5-branched dibasic acid', and 'aflatoxin biosynthesis' pathways were significantly enriched. Gibberellins and γ-aminobutyric acid were important in the recovery of A. fibrillifera growth after rehydration. Many genes related to antibiotics, vitamins, and other health-related ingredients were found in A. fibrillifera. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that the candidate genes and metabolites involved in crucial biological pathways might regulate the drought tolerance or rehydration of Auricularia, shedding light on the corresponding mechanisms and providing new potential targets for the breeding and cultivation of drought-tolerant fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqin Wang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhifen Yang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Luxi Shi
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Rui Yang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Hao Guo
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Suqin Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Guangdong Geng
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
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Liu X, Ju Y, Liu M, Huang L, Luo Y, Qi L, Ye J, Zhang S, Yan Y, Li Y. Effect of dietary Auricularia cornea culture supplementation on growth performance, serum biochemistry profile and meat quality in growing-finishing pigs. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/143105/2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Xu N, Zhou Y, Lu X, Chang Y. Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull.) polysaccharides improve type 2 diabetes in HFD/STZ-induced mice by regulating the AKT/AMPK signaling pathways and the gut microbiota. J Food Sci 2021; 86:5479-5494. [PMID: 34787328 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Auricularia auricula-judae is an edible fungus with high nutritional value due to abundant polysaccharides, and is acknowledged as traditional food and medicine in Asia. Polysaccharides from A. auricula (AAPs) are typically fungal polysaccharides and have a wide range of biological activities. It has been shown the potential of AAPs to improve diabetes as an effective adjuvant, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we explored the effects and potential mechanism of AAPs on type 2 diabetes (T2D) using a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ) induced C57BL/6J mice. The results indicated that 50 and 100 mg/kg AAPs significantly decreased inflammation, liver injury, and insulin resistance. In addition, AAPs improved glycolipid metabolism disorders by activating the AKT and adenosine 5`monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways in T2D mice. Furthermore, we investigated the association between changes of gut microbiota and AAPs effects using high-throughput sequencing of 16S rDNA for fecal samples. In our study, AAPs elevated gut microbiota diversity and optimized microbial composition and function in T2D mice, characterized by increased Lactobacillus and Bacteroides abundance and decreased Clostridium and Allobaculum abundance. Particularly, AAPs intervention mainly affected the amino acid metabolism and glycolipid metabolism pathways. Overall, this study confirms that AAPs can improve type 2 diabetes by regulating the AKT and AMPK pathways and modulating intestinal microbiota. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The article systematically verified the positive effects of AAPs on insulin resistance, glycolipid metabolism disorder, inflammation, and liver injury, key factors closely related to T2D. Furthermore, our study firstly determined the specific underlying mechanism that AAPs ameliorates T2D through regulating AKT/AMPK pathways and modifying the gut microbiota. These results could offer a full explanation and a potential option for the adjuvant therapy of diabetes with AAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuo Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, Xuhui District, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yingjun Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, Xuhui District, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xinyang Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, Xuhui District, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yaning Chang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, Xuhui District, 200237, P. R. China
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Effects of Selenium Auricularia cornea Culture Supplementation on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Status, Tissue Selenium Concentration and Meat Quality in Growing-Finishing Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092701. [PMID: 34573667 PMCID: PMC8470304 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Selenium Auricularia cornea culture (SAC) is a dried product via full fermentation, containing organic-Se, Auricularia cornea (AC) mycelium, and various metabolites of AC. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether SAC could effectively improve the health, growth, meat quality, and oxidative stability of meat in growing-finishing pigs. Currently, dietary SAC supplementation positively impacts growth performance and oxidative stability of fresh meat. Abstract Selenium Auricularia cornea culture (SAC) is a new source of organic selenium. Two experiments were conducted to determine the available energy of SAC fed to pigs and to evaluate the effects of dietary SAC supplementation on growth performance, serum biochemical profiles, fecal short chain fatty acids (SCFA), meat quality, tissue selenium concentration, and oxidative stability of fresh meat in growing-finishing pigs. In Experiment (Exp.) 1, 12 barrows with average body weight (BW) of 42.40 ± 5.30 kg were randomly allotted to two groups and fed the basal diet and SAC-supplemented diet, individually. In Exp. 2, 96 growing-finishing pigs (BW: 91.96 ± 7.55 kg) were grouped into four dietary treatments; each treatment contained six replicates with four pigs per replicate. The four treatments fed a control diet and three experimental diets supplemented with 0.6%, 1.2%, and 2.4% SAC, respectively. The trial lasted for 45 days. The results revealed that digestible energy (DE) of SAC was 11.21 MJ/kg. The average daily gain (ADG) was improved in pigs fed 1.2% and 2.4% SAC during day 24 to 45 and the overall period. Dietary 1.2% and 2.4% SAC supplementation had a lower F/G (p < 0.05) than the control diet during different stages. Dietary SAC supplementation increased fecal butyrate contents (p < 0.05), and pigs fed 1.2% and 2.4% SAC diets had a higher MCT1 mRNA expression (p = 0.04) in the colon. Pigs fed 2.4% SAC had higher GSH-Px contents (p < 0.05) in serum, liver, and longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) than those in the control group. The 2.4% SAC-supplemented group revealed a higher Se content (p < 0.05) in LDM and a lower MDA concentration (p < 0.05) in fresh meat during the simulated retail display on day six. In conclusion, this study suggested that SAC was more effective in improving growth, enhancing the antioxidant status, depositing Se in muscle, and increasing meat oxidative stability of pigs.
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Luo M, Zhang X, Wu J, Zhao J. Modifications of polysaccharide-based biomaterials under structure-property relationship for biomedical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 266:118097. [PMID: 34044964 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are well accepted biomaterials that have attracted considerable attention. Compared with other materials under research, polysaccharides show unique advantages: they are available in nature and are normally easily acquired, those acquired from nature show favorable immunogenicity, and are biodegradable and bioavailable. The bioactivity and possible applications are based on their chemical structure; however, naturally acquired polysaccharides sometimes have unwanted flaws that limit further applications. For this reason, carefully summarizing the possible modifications of polysaccharides to improve them is crucial. Structural modifications can not only provide polysaccharides with additional functional groups but also change their physicochemical properties. This review based on the structure-property relation summarizes the common chemical modifications of polysaccharides, the related bioactivity changes, possible functionalization methods, and major possible biomedical applications based on modified polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moucheng Luo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jun Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
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Insights into health-promoting effects of Jew's ear (Auricularia auricula-judae). Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Xiao B, Chen S, Huang Q, Tan J, Zeng J, Yao J, Feng T, Wang G, Zhang Y. The lipid lowering and antioxidative stress potential of polysaccharide from Auricularia auricula prepared by enzymatic method. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 187:651-663. [PMID: 34303740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
An efficient extraction method of Auricularia auricula polysaccharides (AAPs) by neutral protease was developed and optimized by response surface methodology. AAPs were graded by stepwise ethanol precipitation, the fraction with high recovery rate and strong radical scavenging rate were obtained, then its antioxidant and lipid lowering effect were studied using Caenorhabditis elegans as model organism. The extract yield and ABTS+ scavenging rates of AAPs could reach 14.90% and 86.0% at 50 °C, 75 mL/g of liquid-to-material ratio and pH 9.0. AAP3 obtained by 15% ethanol was a heteropolysaccharide comprised of mannose, glucose, glucuronic acid, xylose, galactose and glucosamine. AAP3 could significantly prolong the lifespan of C. elegans and enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalases (CAT) at 0.25 mg/mL (p < 0.05). The qRT-PCR results showed that AAP3 could up regulate mRNA expression levels of daf-16 and skn-1 (>1.6 fold) at 0.25 mg/mL. Besides, AAP3 could significantly reduce the level of body fat and triglyceride in C. elegans (p < 0.05). These studies demonstrated that A. auricula polysaccharides prepared by neutral protease had a prominent protective effect to the damage induced by the intracellular free radical generating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xiao
- Liang Xin College, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Qiqi Huang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Jingjing Tan
- Liang Xin College, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Jiangying Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Jing Yao
- Liang Xin College, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Tao Feng
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Ge Wang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China.
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Luan F, Zou J, Rao Z, Ji Y, Lei Z, Peng L, Yang Y, He X, Zeng N. Polysaccharides from Laminaria japonica: an insight into the current research on structural features and biological properties. Food Funct 2021; 12:4254-4283. [PMID: 33904556 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00311a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Laminaria japonica, one of the most widespread seafood consumed in China and many other nations, has been traditionally utilized as an effective therapeutically active substance for treating weight loss, phlegm elimination, and detumescence for more than 2000 years. Numerous studies have found that the polysaccharides play an indispensable role in the nutritional and medicinal value of L. japonica. Water extraction and alcohol precipitation method is the most used method. Approximately 56 LJPs were successfully isolated and purified from L. japonica, whereas only few of them were well characterized. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that L. japonica polysaccharides (LJPs) have high-order structural features and multiple biological activities, including anti-tumor, anti-thrombotic, anti-atherosclerosis, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, renoprotective, and immunomodulatory. In addition, the structural characteristics of LJPs are closely related to their biological activity. In this review, the extraction and purification methods, structural characteristics, biological activities, clinical settings, toxicities, and structure-activity relationships of LJPs are comprehensively summarized. The structural characteristics and biological activities as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms of LJPs were also outlined. Furthermore, the clinical settings and structure-activity functions of LJPs were highlighted. Some research perspectives and challenges in the study of LJPs were also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan 611137, P. R. China.
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Simayi Z, Rozi P, Yang X, Ababaikeri G, Maimaitituoheti W, Bao X, Ma S, Askar G, Yadikar N. Isolation, structural characterization, biological activity, and application of Glycyrrhiza polysaccharides: Systematic review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:387-398. [PMID: 33887291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glycyrrhiza, one of the most widely used Chinese herbal medicines, is a perennial plant with good medicinal value. Polysaccharides as one of the main bioactive components of Glycyrrhiza, mainly composed of arabinose, glucose, galactose, rhamnose, mannose, xylose, and galacturonic acid in different proportions and types of glycosidic bonds. Glycyrrhiza polysaccharides (GP) have many biological activities, such as anti-oxidation, immune regulation, anti-tumor, apoptosis, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and regulation of intestinal flora. In this paper, relevant articles on the isolations, structural characterizations, and biological activities of GP published in the last 15 years (2006-2020) were referred to for a systematic review of the species. A total of 947 articles were searched from the database including NCBI, Science Direct, Web of Science, and How Net, and 109 of them were cited on the summarization of the past scientific researches of the polysaccharides of Glycyrrhiza genus. We hope that this work may provide new insights for further study and development of Glycyrrhiza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelalai Simayi
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, PR China
| | - Parhat Rozi
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, PR China.
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, PR China
| | - Gulimire Ababaikeri
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, PR China
| | | | - Xiaowei Bao
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, PR China
| | - Shengjun Ma
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, PR China
| | - Guzalnur Askar
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, PR China
| | - Nigary Yadikar
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, PR China
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Ma G, Du H, Hu Q, Yang W, Pei F, Xiao H. Health benefits of edible mushroom polysaccharides and associated gut microbiota regulation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:6646-6663. [PMID: 33792430 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1903385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Edible mushrooms have been an important part of the human diet for thousands of years, and over 100 varieties have been cultivated for their potential human health benefits. In recent years, edible mushroom polysaccharides (EMPs) have been studied for their activities against obesity, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and cancer. Particularly, accumulating evidence on the exact causality between these health risks and specific gut microbiota species has been revealed and characterized, and most of the beneficial health effects of EMPs have been associated with its reversal impacts on gut microbiota dysbiosis. This demonstrates the key role of EMPs in decreasing health risks through gut microbiota modulation effects. This review article compiles and summarizes the latest studies that focus on the health benefits and underlying functional mechanisms of gut microbiota regulation via EMPs. We conclude that EMPs can be considered a dietary source for the improvement and prevention of several health risks, and this review provides the theoretical basis and technical guidance for the development of novel functional foods with the utilization of edible mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxing Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hengjun Du
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qiuhui Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjian Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Pei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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Triple-helix polysaccharides: Formation mechanisms and analytical methods. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 262:117962. [PMID: 33838830 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Triple helix conformation of polysaccharides is generally believed to be associated with their biological activities. However, the formation mechanisms and analytical methods for the triple helix polysaccharides, to our best knowledge, have not been systematically investigated. This article reviews specifically the literature on the formation and characterization of triple-helix polysaccharides. The formation mechanisms and related structural-conformation-bioactivity relationships are discussed; various analytical methods for characterizing triple-helix polysaccharides are summarized. This review devotes to a better understanding of the formation of polysaccharides based triple-helix structure and related analytical methods. These could provide some insights and inspirations for their applications in both food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Niu LL, Wu YR, Liu HP, Wang Q, Li MY, Jia Q. Optimization of extraction process, characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharide from Leucopaxillus giganteus. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-00865-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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