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Li Y, Huan Y, Qin W, Yu X, Chang Y, Xue C, Tang Q. Fucoidan from Apostichopus japonicus ameliorates alcoholic liver disease by regulating gut-liver axis homeostasis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132093. [PMID: 38710247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Long-term and excessive alcohol consumption can lead to the development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), characterized by oxidative damage, intestinal barrier injury, and disruption of intestinal microbiota. In this study, we extracted fucoidan (Aj-FUC) from Apostichopus japonicus using enzymatic methods and characterized its structure. The ALD model was established in male Balb/c mice using 56° Baijiu, with silymarin as a positive control. Mice were orally administered 100 mg/kg·bw and 300 mg/kg·bw of Aj-FUC for 28 days to evaluate its effects on liver injury in ALD mice and explore its potential role in modulating the gut-liver axis. The results showed significant improvements in histopathological changes and liver disease in the Aj-FUC group. Aj-FUC treatment significantly increased the levels of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) while weakly reduced the elevation of malondialdehyde (MDA) induced by ALD. It also regulated the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, collectively alleviating hepatic oxidative stress. Aj-FUC intervention upregulated the expression of ZO-1 and Occludin, thus contributing to repair the intestinal barrier. Additionally, Aj-FUC increased the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and regulated the imbalance in gut microbiota. These results suggested that Aj-FUC alleviates ALD by modulating the gut-liver axis homeostasis. It may prove to be a useful dietary supplement in the treatment of alcoholic liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Laboratory of Food Science and Human Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Yuchen Huan
- Laboratory of Food Science and Human Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Wanting Qin
- Laboratory of Food Science and Human Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Xinyue Yu
- Laboratory of Food Science and Human Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Yaoguang Chang
- Laboratory of Food Science and Human Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- Laboratory of Food Science and Human Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China; Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266235, China
| | - Qingjuan Tang
- Laboratory of Food Science and Human Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
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Jia X, Wang Q, Liu M, Ding JY. The interplay between gut microbiota and the brain-gut axis in Parkinson's disease treatment. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1415463. [PMID: 38867886 PMCID: PMC11168434 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1415463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study delves into the pivotal role of the gut microbiota and the brain-gut axis in Parkinson's Disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder with significant motor and non-motor implications. It posits that disruptions in gut microbiota-dysbiosis-and alterations in the brain-gut axis contribute to PD's pathogenesis. Our findings highlight the potential of the gastrointestinal system's early involvement in PD, suggested by the precedence of gastrointestinal symptoms before motor symptoms emerge. This observation implies a possible gut-originated disease pathway. The analysis demonstrates that dysbiosis in PD patients leads to increased intestinal permeability and systemic inflammation, which in turn exacerbates neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Such insights into the interaction between gut microbiota and the brain-gut axis not only elucidate PD's underlying mechanisms but also pave the way for novel therapeutic interventions. We propose targeted treatment strategies, including dietary modifications and fecal microbiota transplantation, aimed at modulating the gut microbiota. These approaches hold promise for augmenting current PD treatment modalities by alleviating both motor and non-motor symptoms, thereby potentially improving patient quality of life. This research underscores the significance of the gut microbiota in the progression and treatment of PD, advocating for an integrated, multidisciplinary approach to develop personalized, efficacious management strategies for PD patients, combining insights from neurology, microbiology, and nutritional science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Jia
- First Ward of Neurology Department, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Meilingzi Liu
- Third Ward of Neurology Department, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Jia-yuan Ding
- Second Ward of Gastroenterology Department, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
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Li YH, Jiang ZX, Xu Q, Jin TT, Huang JF, Luan X, Li C, Chen XY, Wong KH, Dong XL, Sun XR. Inhibition of calcium-sensing receptor by its antagonist promotes gastrointestinal motility in a Parkinson's disease mouse model. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116518. [PMID: 38565057 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) participates in the regulation of gastrointestinal (GI) motility under normal conditions and might be involved in the regulation of GI dysmotility in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS CaSR antagonist-NPS-2143 was applied in in vivo and ex vivo experiments to study the effect and underlying mechanisms of CaSR inhibition on GI dysmotility in the MPTP-induced PD mouse model. FINDINGS Oral intake of NPS-2143 promoted GI motility in PD mice as shown by the increased gastric emptying rate and shortened whole gut transit time together with improved weight and water content in the feces of PD mice, and the lack of influence on normal mice. Meanwhile, the number of cholinergic neurons, the proportion of serotonergic neurons, as well as the levels of acetylcholine and serotonin increased, but the numbers of nitrergic and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons, and the levels of nitric oxide synthase and dopamine decreased in the myenteric plexus in the gastric antrum and colon of PD mice in response to NPS-2143 treatment. Furthermore, the numbers of c-fos positive neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and cholinergic neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) increased in NPS-2143 treated PD mice, suggesting the involvement of both the enteric (ENS) and central (CNS) nervous systems. However, ex vivo results showed that NPS-2143 directly inhibited the contractility of antral and colonic strips in PD mice via a non-ENS mediated mechanism. Further studies revealed that NPS-2143 directly inhibited the voltage gated Ca2+ channels, which might, at least in part, explain its direct inhibitory effects on the GI muscle strips. INTERPRETATION CaSR inhibition by its antagonist ameliorated GI dysmotility in PD mice via coordinated neuronal regulation by both ENS and CNS in vivo, although the direct effects of CaSR inhibition on GI muscle strips were suppressive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hang Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhong-Xin Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ting-Ting Jin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Department of Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jin-Fang Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Luan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chong Li
- Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin-Yi Chen
- Department of International Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ka-Hing Wong
- Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xiao-Li Dong
- Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xiang-Rong Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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Gan QX, Peng MY, Wei HB, Chen LL, Chen XY, Li ZH, An GQ, Ma YT. Gastrodia elata polysaccharide alleviates Parkinson's disease via inhibiting apoptotic and inflammatory signaling pathways and modulating the gut microbiota. Food Funct 2024; 15:2920-2938. [PMID: 38385354 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05169b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common, chronic, and progressive degenerative disease of the central nervous system for which there is no effective treatment. Gastrodia elata is a well-known food and medicine homologous resource with neuroprotective potential. Gastrodia elata polysaccharide (GEP), which is a highly active and safe component in Gastrodia elata, is an important ingredient in the development of functional products. In this study, GEP was administered to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mice over 3 weeks to investigate its neuroprotective effects. The results showed that GEP significantly alleviated the motor dysfunction of PD mice, inhibited the accumulation of α-synuclein, and reduced the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the brain. Moreover, GEP increased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and decreased the cleaved-caspase-3 level, suggesting that GEP may ameliorate PD by preventing MPTP-induced mitochondrial apoptosis. GEP also significantly inhibited the increase of GFAP and decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the brain of PD mice, which may be the result of the inhibition of neuroinflammation by the inactivation of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, the neuroprotective effects of GEP involve the gut-brain axis, as it has been shown that GEP regulated the dysbiosis of PD-related gut microbiota such as Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Faecalibacterium, increased the content of microbial metabolites SCFAs in the colon and increased the level of occludin that repairs the intestinal barrier of PD mice. In conclusion, this study is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the development and application of functional products with GEP from the perspective of neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Xia Gan
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese, Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Mao-Yao Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese, Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Hao-Bo Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese, Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lin-Lin Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese, Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese, Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Zi-Han Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese, Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Guang-Qin An
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese, Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yun-Tong Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese, Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China
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Loh JS, Mak WQ, Tan LKS, Ng CX, Chan HH, Yeow SH, Foo JB, Ong YS, How CW, Khaw KY. Microbiota-gut-brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:37. [PMID: 38360862 PMCID: PMC10869798 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01743-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract is populated with a diverse microbial community. The vast genetic and metabolic potential of the gut microbiome underpins its ubiquity in nearly every aspect of human biology, including health maintenance, development, aging, and disease. The advent of new sequencing technologies and culture-independent methods has allowed researchers to move beyond correlative studies toward mechanistic explorations to shed light on microbiome-host interactions. Evidence has unveiled the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system, referred to as the "microbiota-gut-brain axis". The microbiota-gut-brain axis represents an important regulator of glial functions, making it an actionable target to ameliorate the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases. As the gut microbiome provides essential cues to microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, we examine the communications between gut microbiota and these glial cells during healthy states and neurodegenerative diseases. Subsequently, we discuss the mechanisms of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases using a metabolite-centric approach, while also examining the role of gut microbiota-related neurotransmitters and gut hormones. Next, we examine the potential of targeting the intestinal barrier, blood-brain barrier, meninges, and peripheral immune system to counteract glial dysfunction in neurodegeneration. Finally, we conclude by assessing the pre-clinical and clinical evidence of probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation in neurodegenerative diseases. A thorough comprehension of the microbiota-gut-brain axis will foster the development of effective therapeutic interventions for the management of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sheng Loh
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wen Qi Mak
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Li Kar Stella Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Digital Health & Medical Advancements, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chu Xin Ng
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hong Hao Chan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shiau Hueh Yeow
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Jhi Biau Foo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Digital Health & Medical Advancements, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yong Sze Ong
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chee Wun How
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Kooi Yeong Khaw
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Xue J, Tao K, Wang W, Wang X. What Can Inflammation Tell Us about Therapeutic Strategies for Parkinson's Disease? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1641. [PMID: 38338925 PMCID: PMC10855787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder with a complicated etiology and pathogenesis. α-Synuclein aggregation, dopaminergic (DA) neuron loss, mitochondrial injury, oxidative stress, and inflammation are involved in the process of PD. Neuroinflammation has been recognized as a key element in the initiation and progression of PD. In this review, we summarize the inflammatory response and pathogenic mechanisms of PD. Additionally, we describe the potential anti-inflammatory therapies, including nod-like receptor pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome inhibition, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) inhibition, microglia inhibition, astrocyte inhibition, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase inhibition, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist, targeting the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, targeting the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent pathway, targeting α-synuclein, targeting miRNA, acupuncture, and exercise. The review focuses on inflammation and will help in designing new prevention strategies for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Xue
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China; (K.T.); (W.W.)
| | | | | | - Xiaofei Wang
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China; (K.T.); (W.W.)
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7
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Jia X, Chen Q, Zhang Y, Asakawa T. Multidirectional associations between the gut microbiota and Parkinson's disease, updated information from the perspectives of humoral pathway, cellular immune pathway and neuronal pathway. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1296713. [PMID: 38173790 PMCID: PMC10762314 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1296713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract is inhabited by a diverse range of microorganisms, collectively known as the gut microbiota, which form a vast and complex ecosystem. It has been reported that the microbiota-gut-brain axis plays a crucial role in regulating host neuroprotective function. Studies have shown that patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, and experiments involving germ-free mice and fecal microbiota transplantation from PD patients have revealed the pathogenic role of the gut microbiota in PD. Interventions targeting the gut microbiota in PD, including the use of prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, have also shown efficacy in treating PD. However, the causal relationship between the gut microbiota and Parkinson's disease remains intricate. This study reviewed the association between the microbiota-gut-brain axis and PD from the perspectives of humoral pathway, cellular immune pathway and neuronal pathway. We found that the interactions among gut microbiota and PD are very complex, which should be "multidirectional", rather than conventionally regarded "bidirectional". To realize application of the gut microbiota-related mechanisms in the clinical setting, we propose several problems which should be addressed in the future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Qiliang Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tetsuya Asakawa
- Institute of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Zhang X, Tang B, Guo J. Parkinson's disease and gut microbiota: from clinical to mechanistic and therapeutic studies. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:59. [PMID: 38098067 PMCID: PMC10722742 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00392-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases. The typical symptomatology of PD includes motor symptoms; however, a range of nonmotor symptoms, such as intestinal issues, usually occur before the motor symptoms. Various microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract can profoundly influence the physiopathology of the central nervous system through neurological, endocrine, and immune system pathways involved in the microbiota-gut-brain axis. In addition, extensive evidence suggests that the gut microbiota is strongly associated with PD. This review summarizes the latest findings on microbial changes in PD and their clinical relevance, describes the underlying mechanisms through which intestinal bacteria may mediate PD, and discusses the correlations between gut microbes and anti-PD drugs. In addition, this review outlines the status of research on microbial therapies for PD and the future directions of PD-gut microbiota research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuxiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, 410008, China
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jifeng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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Guo R, Pang J, Zhao J, Xiao X, Li J, Li J, Wang W, Zhou S, Zhao Y, Zhang Z, Chen H, Yuan T, Wu S, Liu Z. Unveiling the neuroprotective potential of dietary polysaccharides: a systematic review. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1299117. [PMID: 38075226 PMCID: PMC10702503 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1299117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders present a growing and costly global health challenge, accounting for over 11% of the diseases burden in high-income countries. Despite current treatments, patients often experience persistent symptoms that significantly affect their quality of life. Dietary polysaccharides have garnered attention for their potential as interventions for CNS disorders due to their diverse mechanisms of action, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. Through an analysis of research articles published between January 5, 2013 and August 30, 2023, encompassing the intervention effects of dietary polysaccharides on Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, anxiety disorders, autism spectrum disorder, epilepsy, and stroke, we have conducted a comprehensive review with the aim of elucidating the role and mechanisms of dietary polysaccharides in various CNS diseases, spanning neurodegenerative, psychiatric, neurodevelopmental disorders, and neurological dysfunctions. At least four categories of mechanistic bases are included in the dietary polysaccharides' intervention against CNS disease, which involves oxidative stress reduction, neuronal production, metabolic regulation, and gut barrier integrity. Notably, the ability of dietary polysaccharides to resist oxidation and modulate gut microbiota not only helps to curb the development of these diseases at an early stage, but also holds promise for the development of novel therapeutic agents for CNS diseases. In conclusion, this comprehensive review strives to advance therapeutic strategies for CNS disorders by elucidating the potential of dietary polysaccharides and advocating interdisciplinary collaboration to propel further research in this realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Northwest A&F University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingxi Pang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junhe Zhao
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Li
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingmeng Li
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenxiu Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zilong Zhang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongwang Chen
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tian Yuan
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Northwest A&F University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shan Wu
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
- Research and Development Center, Xi'an Yinqiao Dairy Technology Co., Ltd., Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Northwest A&F University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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10
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Yuan C, He Y, Xie K, Feng L, Gao S, Cai L. Review of microbiota gut brain axis and innate immunity in inflammatory and infective diseases. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1282431. [PMID: 37868345 PMCID: PMC10585369 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1282431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiota gut brain (MGB) axis has been shown to play a significant role in the regulation of inflammatory and infective diseases. Exploring the structure and communication mode of MGB axis is crucial for understanding its role in diseases, and studying the signaling pathways and regulatory methods of MGB axis regulation in diseases is also of profound significance for future clinical research. This article reviews the composition, communication mechanism of MGB axis and its role in inflammatory and infective diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple sclerosis (MS), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), depression, psoriasis, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In addition, our investigation delved into the regulatory functions of the inflammasome, IFN-I, NF-κB, and PARK7/DJ-1 innate immune signaling pathway in the context of inflammatory and infective diseases. Ultimately, we discussed the efficacy of various interventions, including fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics, in the management of inflammatory and infective diseases. Understanding the role and mechanism of the MGB axis might make positive effects in the treatment of inflammatory and infective diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongshan Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuhong He
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Kunyu Xie
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lianjun Feng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shouyang Gao
- Department of Obstetrics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lifu Cai
- Department of Obstetrics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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11
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Grigoletto J, Miraglia F, Benvenuti L, Pellegrini C, Soldi S, Galletti S, Cattaneo A, Pich EM, Grimaldi M, Colla E, Vesci L. Velusetrag rescues GI dysfunction, gut inflammation and dysbiosis in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:140. [PMID: 37783672 PMCID: PMC10545757 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00582-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), constipation is common, and it appears in a prodromal stage before the hallmark motor symptoms. The present study aimed to investigate whether Velusetrag, a selective 5‑HT4 receptor agonist, may be a suitable candidate to improve intestinal motility in a mouse model of PD. Five months old PrP human A53T alpha-synuclein transgenic (Tg) mice, which display severe constipation along with decreased colonic cholinergic transmission already at 3 months, were treated daily with the drug for 4 weeks. Velusetrag treatment reduced constipation by significantly stimulating both the longitudinal and circular-driven contractions and improved inflammation by reducing the level of serum and colonic IL1β and TNF-α and by decreasing the number of GFAP-positive glia cells in the colon of treated mice. No significant downregulation of the 5-HT4 receptor was observed but instead Velusetrag seemed to improve axonal degeneration in Tgs as shown by an increase in NF-H and VAChT staining. Ultimately, Velusetrag restored a well-balanced intestinal microbial composition comparable to non-Tg mice. Based on these promising data, we are confident that Velusetrag is potentially eligible for clinical studies to treat constipation in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Grigoletto
- Bio@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabiana Miraglia
- Bio@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Benvenuti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carolina Pellegrini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Soldi
- AAT Advanced Analytical Technologies Srl, via P. Majavacca 12 - 29017, Fiorenzuola d'Arda (PC), Italy
| | - Serena Galletti
- AAT Advanced Analytical Technologies Srl, via P. Majavacca 12 - 29017, Fiorenzuola d'Arda (PC), Italy
| | - Antonino Cattaneo
- Bio@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy
- Neurotrophins and Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Rita Levi-Montalcini European Brain Research Institute, Viale Regina Elena 295, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Emilio Merlo Pich
- Corporate R&D, Alfasigma S.p.A., Via Pontina km 30.400, 00071, Pomezia (Rome), Italy
| | - Maria Grimaldi
- Corporate R&D, Alfasigma S.p.A., Via Pontina km 30.400, 00071, Pomezia (Rome), Italy
| | - Emanuela Colla
- Bio@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Via Val Cannuta 247, 00166, Rome, Italy.
| | - Loredana Vesci
- Corporate R&D, Alfasigma S.p.A., Via Pontina km 30.400, 00071, Pomezia (Rome), Italy.
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12
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Li L, Yan S, Liu S, Wang P, Li W, Yi Y, Qin S. In-depth insight into correlations between gut microbiota and dietary fiber elucidates a dietary causal relationship with host health. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113133. [PMID: 37689844 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fiber exerts a wide range of biological benefits on host health, which not only provides a powerful source of nutrition for gut microbiota but also supplies key microbial metabolites that directly affect host health. This review mainly focuses on the decomposition and metabolism of dietary fiber and the essential genera Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium in dietary fiber fermentation. Dietary fiber plays an essential role in host health by impacting outcomes related to obesity, enteritis, immune health, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, the gut microbiota-independent pathway of dietary fiber affecting host health is also discussed. Personalized dietary fiber intake combined with microbiome, genetics, epigenetics, lifestyle and other factors has been highlighted for development in the future. A higher level of evidence is needed to demonstrate which microbial phenotype benefits from which kind of dietary fiber. In-depth insights into the correlation between gut microbiota and dietary fiber provide strong theoretical support for the precise application of dietary fiber, which elucidates a dietary causal relationship with host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Shuling Yan
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuangjiang Liu
- Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Wenjun Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Yuetao Yi
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Song Qin
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
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13
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Cao X, Du ZR, Liu X, Wang X, Li C, Zhou SN, Liu JR, Xu PY, Ye JL, Zhao Q, Zhao F, Wong KH, Dong XL. Low and high doses of oral maslinic acid protect against Parkinson's disease via distinct gut microbiota-related mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115100. [PMID: 37418977 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of oral agents that can modify the gut microbiota (GM) could be a novel preventative or therapeutic option for Parkinson's disease (PD). Maslinic acid (MA), a pentacyclic triterpene acid with GM-dependent biological activities when it is taken orally, has not yet been reported to be effective against PD. The present study found both low and high dose MA treatment significantly prevented dopaminergic neuronal loss in a classical chronic PD mouse model by ameliorating motor functions and improving tyrosine hydroxylase expressions in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and increasing dopamine and its metabolite homovanillic acid levels in the striatum. However, the effects of MA in PD mice were not dose-responsive, since similar beneficial effects for low and high doses of MA were observed. Further mechanism studies indicated that low dose MA administration favored probiotic bacterial growth in PD mice, which helped to increase striatal serotonin, 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid, and γ-aminobutyric acid levels. High dose MA treatment did not influence GM composition in PD mice but significantly inhibited neuroinflammation as indicated by reduced levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1β in the SNpc; moreover, these effects were mainly mediated by microbially-derived acetic acid in the colon. In conclusion, oral MA at different doses protected against PD via distinct mechanisms related to GM. Nevertheless, our study lacked in-depth investigations of the underlying mechanisms involved; future studies will be designed to further delineate the signaling pathways involved in the interactive actions between different doses of MA and GM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Cao
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhong-Rui Du
- Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China; Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; BioNanotechnology Institute, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chong Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China; Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sai-Nan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China; Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jia-Rui Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping-Yi Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Li Ye
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Linzi Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Zibo, Zibo, China
| | - Fang Zhao
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, China
| | - Ka-Hing Wong
- Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China; Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xiao-Li Dong
- Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China; Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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14
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Li L, Zhu B, Yao Z, Jiang J. Directed preparation, structure-activity relationship and applications of alginate oligosaccharides with specific structures: A systematic review. Food Res Int 2023; 170:112990. [PMID: 37316063 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) possess versatile activities (such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and immune-regulatory activities) and have been the research topic in marine bioresource utilization fields. The degree of polymerization (DP) and the β-D-mannuronic acid (M)/α-L-guluronic acid (G)-units ratio strongly affect the functionality of AOS. Therefore, directed preparation of AOS with specific structures is essential for expanding the applications of alginate polysaccharides and has been the research topic in the marine bioresource field. Alginate lyases could efficiently degrade alginate and specifically produce AOS with specific structures. Therefore, enzymatic preparation of AOS with specific structures has drawn increasing attention. Herein, we systematically summarized the current research progress on the structure-function relation of AOS and focuses on the application of the enzymatic properties of alginate lyase to the specific preparation of various types of AOS. At the same time, current challenges and opportunities for AOS applications are presented to guide and improve the preparation and application of AOS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Benwei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Zhong Yao
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jinju Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Seaweed Substances, Qingdao 266400, China
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15
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Cai B, Zhong L, Wang Q, Xu W, Li X, Chen T. Curcumin alleviates 1-methyl- 4-phenyl- 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine- induced Parkinson's disease in mice via modulating gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1198335. [PMID: 37388445 PMCID: PMC10303117 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1198335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The microbiota-gut-brain axis has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target of PD. The effects of curcumin against Parkinson's disease have been demonstrated; however, its neuroprotective mechanisms remain unknown. Our study investigated the potential mechanisms through which curcumin ameliorates Parkinson's disease via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Methods: Mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, Curcumin, MPTP, and MPTP + Curcumin. Motor deficits and gastrointestinal dysfunction were assessed using behavioral test, intestinal motility test, and fecal parameter measurement. The loss of dopaminergic neurons and intestinal barrier function was measured using Western blot and immunofluorescence. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing and LC-MS were parallelly performed on mice feces to investigate alterations in microbiota and metabolites. Results: Curcumin alleviated motor deficits and the loss of dopaminergic neurons in MPTP-induced mice. Curcumin ameliorated gastrointestinal and intestinal barrier dysfunctions in MPTP-induced mice. Curcumin reduced gut microbial dysbiosis and modulated carbohydrate metabolism in MPTP-induced mice. Curcumin restored short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles in MPTP-induced mice. Conclusion: Concurrently, these results indicate that curcumin inhibits Parkinson's disease by regulating the gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids.
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16
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Chu C, Li T, Yu L, Li Y, Li M, Guo M, Zhao J, Zhai Q, Tian F, Chen W. A Low-Protein, High-Carbohydrate Diet Exerts a Neuroprotective Effect on Mice with 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-Induced Parkinson's Disease by Regulating the Microbiota-Metabolite-Brain Axis and Fibroblast Growth Factor 21. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37267589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is closely linked to lifestyle factors, particularly dietary patterns, which have attracted interest as potential disease-modifying factors. Eating a low-protein, high-carbohydrate (LPHC) diet is a promising dietary intervention against brain aging; however, its protective effect on PD remains elusive. Here, we found that an LPHC diet ameliorated 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrathydropyridine (MPTP)-induced motor deficits, decreased dopaminergic neuronal death, and increased the levels of striatal dopamine, serotonin, and their metabolites in PD mice. Levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), a member of the fibroblast growth factor family, were elevated in PD mice following LPHC treatment. Furthermore, the administration of FGF-21 exerted a protective effect on MPTP-induced PC12 cells, similar to the effect of an LPHC diet in MPTP-induced mice. Sequencing of the 16S rDNA from fecal microbiota revealed that an LPHC diet normalized the gut bacterial composition imbalance in PD mice, as evidenced by the increased abundance of the genera Bifidobacterium, Ileibacterium, Turicibacter, and Blautia and decreased abundance of Bilophila, Alistipes, and Bacteroides. PICRUSt-predicted fecal microbiome function revealed that an LPHC diet suppressed lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and the citrate cycle (TCA cycle), biosynthesis of ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinones, and oxidative phosphorylation pathways caused by MPTP, and enhanced the biosynthesis of amino acids, carbohydrate metabolism, and biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites. A nonmetabolomic analysis of the serum and feces showed that an LPHC diet significantly increased the levels of aromatic amino acids (AAAs), including tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine. In addition, an LPHC diet elevated the serum concentrations of bile acids (BAs), particularly tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) and taurine. Collectively, our current findings point to the potential mechanism of administering an LPHC diet in attenuating movement impairments in MPTP-induced PD mice, with AAAs, microbial metabolites (TUDCA and taurine), and FGF-21 as key mediators along the gut-microbiota-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqi Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Miaoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Min Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Li L, Jiang J, Yao Z, Zhu B. Recent advances in the production, properties and applications of alginate oligosaccharides - a mini review. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:207. [PMID: 37221433 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03658-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) made from the degradation of alginate, to some extent, makes up for the poor solubility and bioavailability of alginate as a macromolecular substance and possess several beneficial biological activities that are absent in alginate. These properties include prebiotic, glycolipid regulatory, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-tumor, promoting plant growth and other activities. Consequently, AOS has significant potential for use in the agricultural, biomedical, and food industries, and has been the focus of research in the field of marine biological resources. This review comprehensively covers methods (physical, chemical, and enzymatic methods) for the production of AOS from alginate. More importantly, this paper reviews recent advances in the biological activity and potentially industrial and therapeutic applications of AOS, providing a reference for future research and applications of AOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Jinju Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Seaweed Substances, Qingdao, 266400, China
| | - Zhong Yao
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Benwei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
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18
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Zhang W, Dong X, Huang R. Antiparkinsonian Effects of Polyphenols: A Narrative Review with a Focus on the Modulation of the Gut-brain Axis. Pharmacol Res 2023:106787. [PMID: 37224894 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols, which are naturally occurring bioactive compounds in fruits and vegetables, are emerging as potential therapeutics for neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Polyphenols have diverse biological activities, such as anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and α-synuclein aggregation inhibitory effects, which could ameliorate PD pathogenesis. Studies have shown that polyphenols are capable of regulating the gut microbiota (GM) and its metabolites; in turn, polyphenols are extensively metabolized by the GM, resulting in the generation of bioactive secondary metabolites. These metabolites may regulate various physiological processes, including inflammatory responses, energy metabolism, intercellular communication, and host immunity. With increasing recognition of the importance of the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) in PD etiology, polyphenols have attracted growing attention as MGBA regulators. In order to address the potential therapeutic role of polyphenolic compounds in PD, we focused on MGBA. DATA AVAILABILITY: Data will be made available on request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning PR, China
| | - Xiaoyu Dong
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning PR, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning PR, China.
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Zhang T, Wu X, Liu B, Huang H, Zhou C, Liang P. The contribution of probiotics for the double-edge effect of cefazolin on postoperative neurocognitive disorders by rebalancing the gut microbiota. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1156453. [PMID: 37179548 PMCID: PMC10174111 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1156453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Emerging data suggest that perioperative gut dysbiosis is prevalent and may be associated with postoperative neurocognitive disorders (PND). Antibiotics and probiotics are key factors influencing the microbiota. Many antibiotics have anti-microorganisms and direct anti-inflammatory properties, which may have cognitive repercussions. NLRP3 inflammasome activation has been reported to be involved with cognitive deficits. This study aimed to determine the effect and mechanism of probiotics on neurocognitive problems associated with perioperative gut dysbiosis by the NLRP3 pathway. Methods In a randomized, controlled trial, adult male Kunming mice undergoing surgery were administered cefazolin, FOS + probiotics, CY-09, or a placebo in four distinct experimental cohorts. Fear conditioning (FC) tests evaluate learning and memory. Following FC tests to evaluate inflammatory response (IR) and the permeability of barrier systems, the hippocampus and colon were extracted, and feces were collected for 16 s rRNA. Results One week after surgery, surgery/anesthesia decreased the frozen behavior. Cefazolin attenuated this declination but aggravated postoperative freezing behavior 3 weeks after surgery. Probiotics ameliorated surgery/anesthesia-induced memory deficits and perioperative cefazolin-induced postoperative memory deficits 3 weeks after surgery. NLRP3, caspase-1, Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and Interleukin-18 (IL-18) levels were increased 1 week after the hippocampus and colon surgery, which were attenuated by CY-09 and probiotics, respectively. Discussion Probiotics could correct dysbacteria and IR caused by surgery/anesthesia stress and cefazolin alone. These findings imply that probiotics are an efficient and effective way of maintaining the balance of gut microbiota, which may reduce NLRP3-related inflammation and alleviate PND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaochu Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Han Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Day Surgery Center, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and the Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
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Guo TT, Zhang Z, Sun Y, Zhu RY, Wang FX, Ma LJ, Jiang L, Liu HD. Neuroprotective Effects of Sodium Butyrate by Restoring Gut Microbiota and Inhibiting TLR4 Signaling in Mice with MPTP-Induced Parkinson's Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040930. [PMID: 36839287 PMCID: PMC9960062 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent type of neurodegenerative disease. There is mounting evidence that the gut microbiota is involved in the pathogenesis of PD. Sodium butyrate (NaB) can regulate gut microbiota and improve brain functioning in neurological disorders. Hence, we examined whether the neuroprotective function of NaB on PD was mediated by the modulation of gut microbial dysbiosis and revealed its possible mechanisms. Mice were administered 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) for 7 consecutive days to construct the PD model. NaB gavage was given 2 h after the daily MPTP injections for 21 days. NaB improved the motor functioning of PD mice, increased striatal neurotransmitter levels, and reduced the death of dopaminergic neurons. The 16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that NaB restored the gut microbial dysbiosis. NaB also attenuated the intestinal barrier's disruption and reduced serum, colon, and striatal pro-inflammatory cytokines, along with inhibiting the overactivation of glial cells, suggesting an inhibitory effect on inflammation from NaB throughout the gut-brain axis of the PD mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that NaB treatment suppressed the TLR4/MyD88/NF-kB pathway in the colon and striatum. In summary, NaB had a neuroprotective impact on the PD mice, likely linked to its regulation of gut microbiota to inhibit gut-brain axis inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Tong Guo
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Experimental Teaching Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Rui-Yang Zhu
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Fei-Xia Wang
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Experimental Teaching Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lian-Ju Ma
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Experimental Teaching Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Experimental Teaching Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Han-Deng Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Experimental Teaching Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-23-65712090
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Parkinson's Disease, It Takes Guts: The Correlation between Intestinal Microbiome and Cytokine Network with Neurodegeneration. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12010093. [PMID: 36671785 PMCID: PMC9856109 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with motor, physical and behavioral symptoms that can have a profound impact on the patient's quality of life. Most cases are idiopathic, and the exact mechanism of the disease's cause is unknown. The current hypothesis focuses on the gut-brain axis and states that gut microbiota dysbiosis can trigger inflammation and advances the development of Parkinson's disease. This systematic review presents the current knowledge of gut microbiota analysis and inflammation based on selected studies on Parkinson's patients and experimental animal models. Changes in gut microbiota correlate with Parkinson's disease, but only a few studies have considered inflammatory modulators as important triggers of the disease. Nevertheless, it is evident that proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines are induced in the gut, the circulation, and the brain before the development of the disease's neurological symptoms and exacerbate the disease. Increased levels of tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interleukin-17A and interferon-γ can correlate with altered gut microbiota. Instead, treatment of gut dysbiosis is accompanied by reduced levels of inflammatory mediators in specific tissues, such as the colon, brain and serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid. Deciphering the role of the immune responses and the mechanisms of the PD-associated gut microbiota will assist the interpretation of the pathogenesis of Parkinson's and will elucidate appropriate therapeutic strategies.
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22
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Selenium Forms and Dosages Determined Their Biological Actions in Mouse Models of Parkinson's Disease. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010011. [PMID: 36615668 PMCID: PMC9824164 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se), an essential antioxidant trace element, is reported to play a role in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, there is a lack of systematic studies on different Se forms against PD. Our study is designed to compare the neuroprotective effects of inorganic and organic Se in two classical PD mice models and investigate the underlying mechanisms for their potentially differential actions against PD. In this study, different dosages of inorganic sodium selenite (Se-Na) or organic seleno-L-methionine (Se-Met) were fed to either acute or chronic PD mice models, and their neuroprotective effects and mechanisms were explored and compared. Se-Na provided better neuroprotective effects in PD mice than Se-Met administered at the same but at a relatively low Se dosage. Se-Na treatment could influence GPX activities but not their mRNA expressions in the midbrains of PD mice. The enhanced GPX activities caused by Se-Na, but not Se-Met, in PD mice could be the major reason for the positive actions of inorganic Se to prevent dopaminergic neuronal loss in this study. In vivo bio-distribution experiments found MPTP injection greatly changed Se bio-distribution in mice, which led to reversed alterations in the bioavailability of Se-Met and Se-Na. Se-Na had higher bioavailability than Se-Met in PD mice, which could explain its better neuroprotective effects compared to Se-Met. Our results proved that Se forms and dosages determined their biological actions in mouse models of PD. Our study will provide valuable scientific evidence to researchers and/or medical professionals in using Se for PD prevention or therapy.
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Deng C, Zhao M, Zhao Q, Zhao L. Advances in green bioproduction of marine and glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 300:120254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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24
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Onaolapo AY, Ojo FO, Olofinnade AT, Falade J, Lawal IA, Onaolapo OJ. Microbiome-Based Therapies in Parkinson's Disease: Can Tuning the Microbiota Become a Viable Therapeutic Strategy? CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 22:CNSNDDT-EPUB-126136. [PMID: 36056826 DOI: 10.2174/1871527321666220903114559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Progressive neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD) have continued to baffle medical science, despite strides in the understanding of their pathology. The inability of currently available therapies to halt disease progression is a testament to an incomplete understanding of pathways crucial to disease initiation, progression and management. Science has continued to link the activities and equilibrium of the gut microbiome to the health and proper functioning of brain neurons. They also continue to stir interest in the potential applications of technologies that may shift the balance of the gut microbiome towards achieving a favourable outcome in PD management. There have been suggestions that an improved understanding of the roles of the gut microbiota is likely to lead to the emergence of an era where their manipulation becomes a recognized strategy for PD management. This review examines the current state of our journey in the quest to understand how the gut microbiota can influence several aspects of PD. We highlight the relationship between the gut microbiome/microbiota and PD pathogenesis, as well as preclinical and clinical evidence evaluating the effect of postbiotics, probiotics and prebiotics in PD management. This is with a view to ascertaining if we are at the threshold of discovering the application of a usable tool in our quest for disease modifying therapies in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adejoke Y Onaolapo
- Behavioural Neuroscience/Neurobiology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Folusho O Ojo
- Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Anthony T Olofinnade
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Lagos State
| | - Joshua Falade
- Department of Mental Health, Afe-Babalola University Ado-Ekiti Ekiti State Nigeria
| | - Ismail A Lawal
- Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences. Alhikmah University Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Olakunle J Onaolapo
- Behavioural Neuroscience/Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
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25
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Wang Y, Chen R, Yang Z, Wen Q, Cao X, Zhao N, Yan J. Protective Effects of Polysaccharides in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:917629. [PMID: 35860666 PMCID: PMC9289469 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.917629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by progressive degeneration and necrosis of neurons, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease and others. There are no existing therapies that correct the progression of these diseases, and current therapies provide merely symptomatic relief. The use of polysaccharides has received significant attention due to extensive biological activities and application prospects. Previous studies suggest that the polysaccharides as a candidate participate in neuronal protection and protect against NDs. In this review, we demonstrate that various polysaccharides mediate NDs, and share several common mechanisms characterized by autophagy, apoptosis, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction in PD and AD. Furthermore, this review reveals potential role of polysaccharides in vitro and in vivo models of NDs, and highlights the contributions of polysaccharides and prospects of their mechanism studies for the treatment of NDs. Finally, we suggest some remaining questions for the field and areas for new development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinying Wang
- The Central Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Rongsha Chen
- The Central Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhongshan Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sino Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Qian Wen
- The Neurosurgery Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xia Cao
- The Central Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ninghui Zhao
- The Neurosurgery Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jinyuan Yan
- The Central Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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26
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Zhu M, Liu X, Ye Y, Yan X, Cheng Y, Zhao L, Chen F, Ling Z. Gut Microbiota: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Parkinson’s Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:937555. [PMID: 35812394 PMCID: PMC9263276 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.937555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor dysfunction. Growing evidence has demonstrated that gut dysbiosis is involved in the occurrence, development and progression of PD. Numerous clinical trials have identified the characteristics of the changed gut microbiota profiles, and preclinical studies in PD animal models have indicated that gut dysbiosis can influence the progression and onset of PD via increasing intestinal permeability, aggravating neuroinflammation, aggregating abnormal levels of α-synuclein fibrils, increasing oxidative stress, and decreasing neurotransmitter production. The gut microbiota can be considered promising diagnostic and therapeutic targets for PD, which can be regulated by probiotics, psychobiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, diet modifications, and Chinese medicine. This review summarizes the recent studies in PD-associated gut microbiota profiles and functions, the potential roles, and mechanisms of gut microbiota in PD, and gut microbiota-targeted interventions for PD. Deciphering the underlying roles and mechanisms of the PD-associated gut microbiota will help interpret the pathogenesis of PD from new perspectives and elucidate novel therapeutic strategies for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manlian Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiru Ye
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Lishui Central Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Xiumei Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Yiwen Cheng
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Longyou Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zongxin Ling, ; ; Feng Chen,
| | - Zongxin Ling
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zongxin Ling, ; ; Feng Chen,
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27
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Lu S, Na K, Wei J, Zhang L, Guo X. Alginate oligosaccharides: The structure-function relationships and the directional preparation for application. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 284:119225. [PMID: 35287920 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) are degradation products of alginate extracted from brown algae. With low molecular weight, high water solubility, and good biological activity, AOS present anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antitumor properties. They also exert growth-promoting effects in animals and plants. Three types of AOS, mannuronate oligosaccharides (MAOS), guluronate oligosaccharides (GAOS), and heterozygous mannuronate and guluronate oligosaccharides (HAOS), can be produced from alginate by enzymatic hydrolysis. Thus far, most studies on the applications and biological activities of AOS have been based mainly on a hybrid form of HAOS. To improve the directional production of AOS for practical applications, systematic studies on the structures and related biological activities of AOS are needed. This review provides a summary of current understanding of structure-function relationships and advances in the production of AOS. The current challenges and opportunities in the application of AOS is suggested to guide the precise application of AOS in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Lu
- College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, No. 182, Minyuan Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province 430074, China
| | - Kai Na
- College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, No. 182, Minyuan Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province 430074, China
| | - Jiani Wei
- College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, No. 182, Minyuan Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province 430074, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, No. 182, Minyuan Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province 430074, China
| | - Xiaohua Guo
- College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, No. 182, Minyuan Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province 430074, China.
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28
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Liu X, Du ZR, Wang X, Sun XR, Zhao Q, Zhao F, Wong WT, Wong KH, Dong XL. Polymannuronic acid prebiotic plus Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG probiotic as a novel synbiotic promoted their separate neuroprotection against Parkinson’s disease. Food Res Int 2022; 155:111067. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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29
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Gates EJ, Bernath AK, Klegeris A. Modifying the diet and gut microbiota to prevent and manage neurodegenerative diseases. Rev Neurosci 2022; 33:767-787. [PMID: 35304983 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2021-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The global prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease is steadily increasing due to the aging population. The lack of effective drugs against these neurodegenerative disorders makes it imperative to identify new strategies for their prevention and treatment. Recent studies have revealed that harnessing the power of the gut microbiota through modification of diet may be a valuable approach for reducing the risk, modulating the symptoms, and ameliorating the pathophysiological aspects of neurodegenerative diseases. Consuming specific dietary components can alter the prevalence of bacterial communities within the gut to a healthy enterotype, which can influence the production of beneficial metabolites by microbiota. This article focuses on several dietary components, which have been demonstrated to affect the gut microbiota-brain axis and therefore could lead to attenuation of specific pathological processes in neurodegenerative diseases. Published evidence indicates that fermented foods, including kefir, and foods that are high in bioactive polyphenols and complex carbohydrates, such as grapes, pomegranates, and seaweed, may be effective at reducing neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, neurotransmitter dysfunction, and neuronal death associated with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Even though experimental evidence supporting the protective properties of the above dietary components in these diseases is emerging, it is evident that further human clinical studies are required to conclusively establish the benefits of any suggested dietary interventions. The translational potential of such research is illustrated by the clinical success of the recently developed Alzheimer's drug, GV-971, which is a seaweed derivative that works by modulating the gut microbiota-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen J Gates
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna V1V 1V7, BC, Canada
| | - Anna K Bernath
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna V1V 1V7, BC, Canada
| | - Andis Klegeris
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna V1V 1V7, BC, Canada
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30
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Sun Z, Gu P, Xu H, Zhao W, Zhou Y, Zhou L, Zhang Z, Wang W, Han R, Chai X, An S. Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve Locomotor Function in Parkinson’s Disease Mouse Model Through Regulating Intestinal Microorganisms. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:808905. [PMID: 35127723 PMCID: PMC8810651 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.808905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by loss of neurons that synthesize dopamine, and subsequent impaired movement. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) exerted neuroprotection effects in a rodent model of PD. However, the mechanism underlying UC-MSC-generated neuroprotection was not fully elucidated. In the present study, we found that intranasal administration of UC-MSCs significantly alleviated locomotor deficits and rescued dopaminergic neurons by inhibiting neuroinflammation in a PD mouse model induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP, a toxic agent which selectively destroys nigrostriatal neurons but does not affect dopaminergic neurons elsewhere). Furthermore, UC-MSC treatment altered gut microbiota composition characterized by decreased phylum Proteobacteria, class Gammaproteobacteria, family Enterobacteriaceae, and genus Escherichia-Shigella. In addition, the neurotransmitter dopamine in the striatum and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the colon were also modulated by UC-MSCs. Meanwhile, UC-MSCs significantly maintained intestinal goblet cells, which secrete mucus as a mechanical barrier against pathogens. Furthermore, UC-MSCs alleviate the level of TNF-α and IL-6 as well as the conversion of NF-κB expression in the colon, indicating that inflammatory responses were blocked by UC-MSCs. PICRUSt showed that some pathways including bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, fluorobenzoate degradation, and pathogenic Escherichia coli infection were significantly reversed by UC-MSCs. These data suggest that the beneficial effects were detected following UC-MSC intranasal transplantation in MPTP-treated mice. There is a possible neuroprotective role of UC-MSCs in MPTP-induced PD mice by cross talk between the brain and gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqin Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plant Bioreactor Preparation Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongjun Xu
- Hebei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plant Bioreactor Preparation Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
- Research Center, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Hebei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plant Bioreactor Preparation Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
- Research Center, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Yongjie Zhou
- Hebei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plant Bioreactor Preparation Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
- Research Center, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Luyang Zhou
- Hebei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plant Bioreactor Preparation Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
- Research Center, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhongxia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plant Bioreactor Preparation Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenting Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Rui Han
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiqing Chai
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiqing Chai, ; Shengjun An,
| | - Shengjun An
- Hebei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plant Bioreactor Preparation Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
- Research Center, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiqing Chai, ; Shengjun An,
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31
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Vijiaratnam N, Foltynie T. Disease modifying therapies III: Novel targets. Neuropharmacology 2021; 201:108839. [PMID: 34656651 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant research advances, treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains confined to symptomatic therapies. Approaches aiming to halt or reverse disease progression remain an important but unmet goal. A growing understanding of disease pathogenesis and the identification of novel pathways contributing to initiation of neurodegeneration and subsequent progression has highlighted a range of potential novel targets for intervention that may influence the rate of progression of the disease process. Exploiting techniques to stratify patients according to these targets alongside using them as biomarkers to measure target engagement will likely improve patient selection and preliminary outcome measurements in clinical trials. In this review, we summarize a number of PD-related mechanisms that have recently gained interest such as neuroinflammation, lysosomal dysfunction and insulin resistance, while also exploring the potential for targeting peripheral interfaces such as the gastrointestinal tract and its ecosystem to achieve disease modification. We explore the rationale for these approaches based on preclinical studies, while also highlighting the status of relevant clinical trials as well as the promising role biomarkers may play in current and future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirosen Vijiaratnam
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Thomas Foltynie
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK.
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32
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Du ZR, Wang X, Cao X, Liu X, Zhou SN, Zhang H, Yang RL, Wong KH, Tang QJ, Dong XL. Alginate and its Two Components Acted Differently Against Dopaminergic Neuronal Loss in Parkinson's Disease Mice Model. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 66:e2100739. [PMID: 34811884 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE This study aims to investigate and compare the potentially neuroprotective effects and underlying mechanisms for brown seaweed polysaccharides (PS) of Alginate (Alg) and its two components, including polymannuronic acid (PM) and polyguluronic acid (PG), against Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS Model mice of PD are pretreated with Alg or PM or PG, separately via oral gavage once per day for four weeks. Our results found PM improved motor functions of PD mice, but Alg or PG did not. PM or PG, but not Alg, can prevent dopaminergic neuronal loss by increasing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expressions in midbrain of PD mice. The neuroprotective effects of PM rely on its anti-inflammation effects and its ability to improve striatal neurotransmitters (serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA)) levels in PD mice. PM inhibits inflammation, but PG or Alg induces inflammation in systemic circulation of PD mice. The neuroprotection provided by PG might be related to its ability to increase striatal neurotransmitter of 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid levels in PD mice. CONCLUSION PM plays better than PG to provide neuroprotection, but Alg did not show any neuroprotection against PD. Alg and its two components acted differently in preventing dopaminergic neuronal loss in PD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Rui Du
- College of Physical Education, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Neurology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sai-Nan Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Rui-Li Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ka-Hing Wong
- Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.,Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qing-Juan Tang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Li Dong
- Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.,Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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33
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The role of microbiota-gut-brain axis in neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders. Pharmacol Res 2021; 172:105840. [PMID: 34450312 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that the gut microbiota play a crucial role in the bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain suggesting that the gut microbes may shape neural development, modulate neurotransmission and affect behavior, and thereby contribute to the pathogenesis and/or progression of many neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, and neurological conditions. This review summarizes recent data on the role of microbiota-gut-brain axis in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders including depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, Parkinson's disease, migraine, and epilepsy. Also, the involvement of microbiota in gut disorders co-existing with neuropsychiatric conditions is highlighted. We discuss data from both in vivo preclinical experiments and clinical reports including: (1) studies in germ-free animals, (2) studies exploring the gut microbiota composition in animal models of diseases or in humans, (3) studies evaluating the effects of probiotic, prebiotic or antibiotic treatment as well as (4) the effects of fecal microbiota transplantation.
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34
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Zhang C, Franklin CL, Ericsson AC. Consideration of Gut Microbiome in Murine Models of Diseases. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9051062. [PMID: 34068994 PMCID: PMC8156714 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome (GM), a complex community of bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi located in the gut of humans and animals, plays significant roles in host health and disease. Animal models are widely used to investigate human diseases in biomedical research and the GM within animal models can change due to the impact of many factors, such as the vendor, husbandry, and environment. Notably, variations in GM can contribute to differences in disease model phenotypes, which can result in poor reproducibility in biomedical research. Variation in the gut microbiome can also impact the translatability of animal models. For example, standard lab mice have different pathogen exposure experiences when compared to wild or pet store mice. As humans have antigen experiences that are more similar to the latter, the use of lab mice with more simplified microbiomes may not yield optimally translatable data. Additionally, the literature describes many methods to manipulate the GM and differences between these methods can also result in differing interpretations of outcomes measures. In this review, we focus on the GM as a potential contributor to the poor reproducibility and translatability of mouse models of disease. First, we summarize the important role of GM in host disease and health through different gut–organ axes and the close association between GM and disease susceptibility through colonization resistance, immune response, and metabolic pathways. Then, we focus on the variation in the microbiome in mouse models of disease and address how this variation can potentially impact disease phenotypes and subsequently influence research reproducibility and translatability. We also discuss the variations between genetic substrains as potential factors that cause poor reproducibility via their effects on the microbiome. In addition, we discuss the utility of complex microbiomes in prospective studies and how manipulation of the GM through differing transfer methods can impact model phenotypes. Lastly, we emphasize the need to explore appropriate methods of GM characterization and manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunye Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA;
| | - Craig L. Franklin
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA;
- Mutant Mouse Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Metagenomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Correspondence: (C.L.F.); (A.C.E.)
| | - Aaron C. Ericsson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA;
- Mutant Mouse Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Metagenomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Correspondence: (C.L.F.); (A.C.E.)
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35
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Liu X, Du ZR, Wang X, Luk KH, Chan CH, Cao X, Zhao Q, Zhao F, Wong WT, Wong KH, Dong XL. Colonic Dopaminergic Neurons Changed Reversely With Those in the Midbrain via Gut Microbiota-Mediated Autophagy in a Chronic Parkinson's Disease Mice Model. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:649627. [PMID: 33912026 PMCID: PMC8071868 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.649627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) have become a research hotspot, appropriate animal model to study gut-brain axis in PD is yet to be confirmed. Our study employed a classical PD mice model achieved by chronic MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) injection to study concurrent changes of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain and the colon of mice. Our results showed such a PD model exhibited apparent locomotor deficits but not gastrointestinal dysfunction. Tyrosine hydroxylase expressions and dopamine content reduced greatly in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) or striatum, but increased in the colon of PD mice. Mechanism investigation indicated autophagy activity and apoptosis were stimulated in the SNpc, but inhibited in the colon of PD mice. Interplay of gut microbiota (GM) and autophagy in response to chronic MPTP injection led to GM dysbiosis and defective autophagy in mice colon. Meanwhile, fecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), acetate and propionate in particular, declined greatly in PD mice, which could be attributed to the decreased bacteria abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes, but increased abundance of phylum Firmicutes. GM dysbiosis derived fecal SCFAs might be one of the mediators of downregulated autophagy in the colon of PD mice. In conclusion, colonic dopaminergic neurons changed in the opposition direction with those in the midbrain via GM dysbiosis-mediated autophagy inhibition followed by suppressed apoptosis in response to chronic MPTP injection. Such a chronic PD mice model might not be an ideal model to study role of gut-brain axis in PD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhong-Rui Du
- Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,College of Physical Education, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kar-Him Luk
- Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheuk-Hin Chan
- Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Neurology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Linzi Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zibo, Zibo, China
| | - Fang Zhao
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, China
| | - Wing-Tak Wong
- Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka-Hing Wong
- Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao-Li Dong
- Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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36
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Lorente-Picón M, Laguna A. New Avenues for Parkinson's Disease Therapeutics: Disease-Modifying Strategies Based on the Gut Microbiota. Biomolecules 2021; 11:433. [PMID: 33804226 PMCID: PMC7998286 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder that currently affects 1% of the population over the age of 60 years, and for which no disease-modifying treatments exist. Neurodegeneration and neuropathology in different brain areas are manifested as both motor and non-motor symptoms in patients. Recent interest in the gut-brain axis has led to increasing research into the gut microbiota changes in PD patients and their impact on disease pathophysiology. As evidence is piling up on the effects of gut microbiota in disease development and progression, another front of action has opened up in relation to the potential usage of microbiota-based therapeutic strategies in treating gastrointestinal alterations and possibly also motor symptoms in PD. This review provides status on the different strategies that are in the front line (i.e., antibiotics; probiotics; prebiotics; synbiotics; dietary interventions; fecal microbiota transplantation, live biotherapeutic products), and discusses the opportunities and challenges the field of microbiome research in PD is facing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Lorente-Picón
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Laguna
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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