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Maheshwari S, Patel BM. Unravelling the role of cathepsins in cardiovascular diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:579. [PMID: 38668953 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09518-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Lysosomal cathepsins as a regulatory medium have been assessed as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of various cardiac diseases such as abdominal aortic aneurysm, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, etc. They are ubiquitous lysosomal proteases with papain-like folded protein structures that are involved in a variety of physiological processes, such as the digestion of proteins, activation of pro-inflammatory molecules, degradation of extracellular matrix components, and maturation of peptide hormones. Cathepsins are classified into three major groups: cysteine cathepsins, aspartic cathepsins, and serine-threonine cathepsins. Each of these groups is further divided into subgroups based on their substrate specificity, structural characteristics, and biochemical properties. Several studies suggest that cathepsins control the degradation of ECM components such as collagen and elastin fibres. These enzymes are highly expressed in macrophages and inflammatory cells, and their upregulation has been demonstrated to be critical in the progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Additionally, increased cathepsin activity has been linked to increased vascular inflammation and oxidative stress, both of which are associated with CVDs. Specifically, the inhibition of cathepsins may reduce the release of pro-apoptotic mediators such as caspase-3 and PARP-1, which are thought to contribute to plaque instability. The potential of cathepsins as biomarkers and therapeutic targets has also been supported by the identification of potential cathepsin inhibitors, which could be used to modulate the activities of cathepsins in a range of diseases. This review shall familiarise the readers with the role of cysteinyl cathepsins and their inhibitors in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhoomika M Patel
- School of Medico-Legal Studies, National Forensic Sciences University, Sector 9, Gandhinagar, 382007, India.
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2
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Naidu AS, Wang CK, Rao P, Mancini F, Clemens RA, Wirakartakusumah A, Chiu HF, Yen CH, Porretta S, Mathai I, Naidu SAG. Precision nutrition to reset virus-induced human metabolic reprogramming and dysregulation (HMRD) in long-COVID. NPJ Sci Food 2024; 8:19. [PMID: 38555403 PMCID: PMC10981760 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-024-00261-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the etiological agent of COVID-19, is devoid of any metabolic capacity; therefore, it is critical for the viral pathogen to hijack host cellular metabolic machinery for its replication and propagation. This single-stranded RNA virus with a 29.9 kb genome encodes 14 open reading frames (ORFs) and initiates a plethora of virus-host protein-protein interactions in the human body. These extensive viral protein interactions with host-specific cellular targets could trigger severe human metabolic reprogramming/dysregulation (HMRD), a rewiring of sugar-, amino acid-, lipid-, and nucleotide-metabolism(s), as well as altered or impaired bioenergetics, immune dysfunction, and redox imbalance in the body. In the infectious process, the viral pathogen hijacks two major human receptors, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-2 and/or neuropilin (NRP)-1, for initial adhesion to cell surface; then utilizes two major host proteases, TMPRSS2 and/or furin, to gain cellular entry; and finally employs an endosomal enzyme, cathepsin L (CTSL) for fusogenic release of its viral genome. The virus-induced HMRD results in 5 possible infectious outcomes: asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe to fatal episodes; while the symptomatic acute COVID-19 condition could manifest into 3 clinical phases: (i) hypoxia and hypoxemia (Warburg effect), (ii) hyperferritinemia ('cytokine storm'), and (iii) thrombocytosis (coagulopathy). The mean incubation period for COVID-19 onset was estimated to be 5.1 days, and most cases develop symptoms after 14 days. The mean viral clearance times were 24, 30, and 39 days for acute, severe, and ICU-admitted COVID-19 patients, respectively. However, about 25-70% of virus-free COVID-19 survivors continue to sustain virus-induced HMRD and exhibit a wide range of symptoms that are persistent, exacerbated, or new 'onset' clinical incidents, collectively termed as post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) or long COVID. PASC patients experience several debilitating clinical condition(s) with >200 different and overlapping symptoms that may last for weeks to months. Chronic PASC is a cumulative outcome of at least 10 different HMRD-related pathophysiological mechanisms involving both virus-derived virulence factors and a multitude of innate host responses. Based on HMRD and virus-free clinical impairments of different human organs/systems, PASC patients can be categorized into 4 different clusters or sub-phenotypes: sub-phenotype-1 (33.8%) with cardiac and renal manifestations; sub-phenotype-2 (32.8%) with respiratory, sleep and anxiety disorders; sub-phenotype-3 (23.4%) with skeleto-muscular and nervous disorders; and sub-phenotype-4 (10.1%) with digestive and pulmonary dysfunctions. This narrative review elucidates the effects of viral hijack on host cellular machinery during SARS-CoV-2 infection, ensuing detrimental effect(s) of virus-induced HMRD on human metabolism, consequential symptomatic clinical implications, and damage to multiple organ systems; as well as chronic pathophysiological sequelae in virus-free PASC patients. We have also provided a few evidence-based, human randomized controlled trial (RCT)-tested, precision nutrients to reset HMRD for health recovery of PASC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Satyanarayan Naidu
- Global Nutrition Healthcare Council (GNHC) Mission-COVID, Yorba Linda, CA, USA.
- N-terminus Research Laboratory, 232659 Via del Rio, Yorba Linda, CA, 92887, USA.
| | - Chin-Kun Wang
- Global Nutrition Healthcare Council (GNHC) Mission-COVID, Yorba Linda, CA, USA
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Pingfan Rao
- Global Nutrition Healthcare Council (GNHC) Mission-COVID, Yorba Linda, CA, USA
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Fujian Polytechnic Normal University, No.1, Campus New Village, Longjiang Street, Fuqing City, Fujian, China
| | - Fabrizio Mancini
- Global Nutrition Healthcare Council (GNHC) Mission-COVID, Yorba Linda, CA, USA
- President-Emeritus, Parker University, 2540 Walnut Hill Lane, Dallas, TX, 75229, USA
| | - Roger A Clemens
- Global Nutrition Healthcare Council (GNHC) Mission-COVID, Yorba Linda, CA, USA
- University of Southern California, Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy/D. K. Kim International Center for Regulatory & Quality Sciences, 1540 Alcazar St., CHP 140, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Aman Wirakartakusumah
- International Union of Food Science and Technology (IUFoST), Guelph, ON, Canada
- IPMI International Business School Jakarta; South East Asian Food and Agriculture Science and Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Hui-Fang Chiu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health & Well-being, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hua Yen
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sebastiano Porretta
- Global Nutrition Healthcare Council (GNHC) Mission-COVID, Yorba Linda, CA, USA
- President, Italian Association of Food Technology (AITA), Milan, Italy
- Experimental Station for the Food Preserving Industry, Department of Consumer Science, Viale Tanara 31/a, I-43121, Parma, Italy
| | - Issac Mathai
- Global Nutrition Healthcare Council (GNHC) Mission-COVID, Yorba Linda, CA, USA
- Soukya International Holistic Health Center, Whitefield, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sreus A G Naidu
- Global Nutrition Healthcare Council (GNHC) Mission-COVID, Yorba Linda, CA, USA
- N-terminus Research Laboratory, 232659 Via del Rio, Yorba Linda, CA, 92887, USA
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3
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Kondapalli NB, Katari V, Dalal K, Paruchuri S, Thodeti CK. Angiotensin II induces endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling by downregulating TRPV4 channels. JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR CARDIOLOGY PLUS 2023; 6:100055. [PMID: 38333200 PMCID: PMC10852140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmccpl.2023.100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a potent vasoconstrictor of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and is implicated in hypertension, but it's role in the regulation of endothelial function is not well known. We and others have previously shown that mechanically activated ion channel, Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) mediates flow- and/or receptor-dependent vasodilation via nitric oxide (NO) production in endothelial cells. Ang II was demonstrated to crosstalk with TRPV4 via angiotensin 1 receptor (AT1R) and β-arrestin signaling in epithelial and immortalized cells, however, the role of this crosstalk in endothelial cell function is not fully explored. Ang II treatment significantly downregulated TRPV4 protein expression and TRPV4-mediated Ca2+ influx in human EC without altering TRPV4 mRNA levels. Further, TRPV4-induced eNOS phosphorylation and NO production were significantly reduced in Ang II-treated human EC. Importantly, Ang II infusion in mice revealed that, TRPV4/p-eNOS expression and colocalization was reduced in endothelium in vivo. Finally, Ang II infusion induced vascular remodeling as evidenced by decreased lumen to wall ratio in resistant mesenteric arteries. These findings suggest that Ang II induces endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling via downregulation of TRPV4/eNOS pathway and may contribute to hypertension, independent of or in addition to its effect on vascular smooth muscle contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kesha Dalal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Sailaja Paruchuri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Charles K. Thodeti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
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4
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Gałgańska H, Jarmuszkiewicz W, Gałgański Ł. Carbon dioxide and MAPK signalling: towards therapy for inflammation. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:280. [PMID: 37817178 PMCID: PMC10566067 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01306-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, although necessary to fight infections, becomes a threat when it exceeds the capability of the immune system to control it. In addition, inflammation is a cause and/or symptom of many different disorders, including metabolic, neurodegenerative, autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases. Comorbidities and advanced age are typical predictors of more severe cases of seasonal viral infection, with COVID-19 a clear example. The primary importance of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in the course of COVID-19 is evident in the mechanisms by which cells are infected with SARS-CoV-2; the cytokine storm that profoundly worsens a patient's condition; the pathogenesis of diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, and hypertension, that contribute to a worsened prognosis; and post-COVID-19 complications, such as brain fog and thrombosis. An increasing number of reports have revealed that MAPKs are regulated by carbon dioxide (CO2); hence, we reviewed the literature to identify associations between CO2 and MAPKs and possible therapeutic benefits resulting from the elevation of CO2 levels. CO2 regulates key processes leading to and resulting from inflammation, and the therapeutic effects of CO2 (or bicarbonate, HCO3-) have been documented in all of the abovementioned comorbidities and complications of COVID-19 in which MAPKs play roles. The overlapping MAPK and CO2 signalling pathways in the contexts of allergy, apoptosis and cell survival, pulmonary oedema (alveolar fluid resorption), and mechanical ventilation-induced responses in lungs and related to mitochondria are also discussed. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Gałgańska
- Faculty of Biology, Molecular Biology Techniques Laboratory, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Wieslawa Jarmuszkiewicz
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Bioenergetics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Łukasz Gałgański
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Bioenergetics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
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5
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Mosquera-Sulbaran JA, Pedreañez A, Hernandez-Fonseca JP, Hernandez-Fonseca H. Angiotensin II and dengue. Arch Virol 2023; 168:191. [PMID: 37368044 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05814-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is a disease caused by a flavivirus that is transmitted principally by the bite of an Aedes aegypti mosquito and represents a major public-health problem. Many studies have been carried out to identify soluble factors that are involved in the pathogenesis of this infection. Cytokines, soluble factors, and oxidative stress have been reported to be involved in the development of severe disease. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a hormone with the ability to induce the production of cytokines and soluble factors related to the inflammatory processes and coagulation disorders observed in dengue. However, a direct involvement of Ang II in this disease has not been demonstrated. This review primarily summarizes the pathophysiology of dengue, the role of Ang II in various diseases, and reports that are highly suggestive of the involvement of this hormone in dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus A Mosquera-Sulbaran
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas "Dr. Américo Negrette", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, 4001-A, Venezuela.
| | - Adriana Pedreañez
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Escuela de Bioanálisis, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Juan Pablo Hernandez-Fonseca
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas "Dr. Américo Negrette", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, 4001-A, Venezuela
- Servicio de Microscopia Electronica del Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CNB- CSIC) Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - Hugo Hernandez-Fonseca
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Saint George's University, True Blue, West Indies, Grenada
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Luu N, Bajpai A, Li R, Park S, Noor M, Ma X, Chen W. Aging-associated Decline in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Mechanosensation is Mediated by Piezo1 Channel. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.27.538557. [PMID: 37163041 PMCID: PMC10168328 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.27.538557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Aging of the vasculature is associated with detrimental changes in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) mechanosensitivity to extrinsic forces in their surrounding microenvironment. However, how chronological aging alters VSMCs' ability to sense and adapt to mechanical perturbations remains unexplored. Here, we show defective VSMC mechanosensation in aging measured with ultrasound tweezers-based micromechanical system, force instantaneous frequency spectrum and transcriptome analyses. The mechanobiological study reveals that aged VSMCs adapt a relatively inert solid-like state with altered actin cytoskeletal integrity, resulting in an impairment in their mechanosensitivity and dynamic mechanoresponse to mechanical perturbations. The aging-associated decline in mechanosensation behaviors is mediated by hyperactivity of Piezo1-dependent calcium signaling. Inhibition of Piezo1 alleviates vascular aging and partially restores the loss in dynamic contractile properties in aged cells. Altogether, our study reveals the novel signaling pathway underlying aging-associated aberrant mechanosensation in VSMC and identifies Piezo1 as a potential therapeutic mechanobiological target to alleviate vascular aging.
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Critical Role of Cathepsin L/V in Regulating Endothelial Cell Senescence. BIOLOGY 2022; 12:biology12010042. [PMID: 36671735 PMCID: PMC9855167 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The senescence of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) is characterized as a hallmark of vascular aging, which leads to the initiation, progress, and advancement of cardiovascular diseases. However, the mechanism of the ECs senescence remains elusive. In this study, thoracic aortas were separated from young (8-week-old) and aged (18-month-old) mice. Decreased Ctsl expression and increased vascular remodeling were observed in senescent aorta. H2O2 was used to induce human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) senescence, as shown by increased SA-β-gal positive cells and upregulated p21 level. CTSV significantly decreased after H2O2 treatment, while over-expression of CTSV by adenovirus reduced cellular senescence. RNA sequencing analysis was conducted subsequently, and ALDH1A2 was observed to significantly increased in H2O2 group and decreased after over-expression of CTSV. This result was further confirmed by RT-PCR and WB. Moreover, over-expression of CTSV reduced the increase of ERK1/2 and AKT phosphorylation induced by H2O2. Additionally, retinoic acid (RA), the major production of ALDH1A2, was added to CTSV over-expressed senescent HUVECs. Administration of RA activated AKT and ERK1/2, induced the expression of p21, and enhanced SA-β-gal positive cells, while not affecting the expression of CTSV and ALDH1A2. These results were further confirmed in doxorubicin (DOX)-induced senescent ECs. In conclude, we have identified that Ctsl/CTSV plays a key role in ECs senescence by regulating ALDH1A2 to activate AKT/ ERK1/2-P21 pathway. Therefore, targeting Ctsl/CTSV may be a potential therapeutic strategy in EC senescence.
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8
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Lecaille F, Chazeirat T, Saidi A, Lalmanach G. Cathepsin V: Molecular characteristics and significance in health and disease. Mol Aspects Med 2022; 88:101086. [PMID: 35305807 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human cysteine cathepsins form a family of eleven proteases (B, C, F, H, K, L, O, S, V, W, X/Z) that play important roles in a considerable number of biological and pathophysiological processes. Among them, cathepsin V, also known as cathepsin L2, is a lysosomal enzyme, which is mainly expressed in cornea, thymus, heart, brain, and skin. Cathepsin V is a multifunctional endopeptidase that is involved in both the release of antigenic peptides and the maturation of MHC class II molecules and participates in the turnover of elastin fibrils as well in the cleavage of intra- and extra-cellular substrates. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that cathepsin V may contribute to the progression of diverse diseases, due to the dysregulation of its expression and/or its activity. For instance, increased expression of cathepsin V is closely correlated with malignancies (breast cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, or colorectal cancer) as well vascular disorders (atherosclerosis, aortic aneurysm, hypertension) being the most prominent examples. This review aims to shed light on current knowledge on molecular aspects of cathepsin V (genomic organization, protein structure, substrate specificity), its regulation by protein and non-protein inhibitors as well to summarize its expression (tissue and cellular distribution). Then the core biological and pathophysiological roles of cathepsin V will be depicted, raising the question of its interest as a valuable target that can open up pioneering therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Lecaille
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Team "Mécanismes protéolytiques dans l'inflammation", Tours, France.
| | - Thibault Chazeirat
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Team "Mécanismes protéolytiques dans l'inflammation", Tours, France
| | - Ahlame Saidi
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Team "Mécanismes protéolytiques dans l'inflammation", Tours, France
| | - Gilles Lalmanach
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Team "Mécanismes protéolytiques dans l'inflammation", Tours, France.
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9
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Armignacco R, Reel PS, Reel S, Jouinot A, Septier A, Gaspar C, Perlemoine K, Larsen CK, Bouys L, Braun L, Riester A, Kroiss M, Bonnet-Serrano F, Amar L, Blanchard A, Gimenez-Roqueplo AP, Prejbisz A, Januszewicz A, Dobrowolski P, Davies E, MacKenzie SM, Rossi GP, Lenzini L, Ceccato F, Scaroni C, Mulatero P, Williams TA, Pecori A, Monticone S, Beuschlein F, Reincke M, Zennaro MC, Bertherat J, Jefferson E, Assié G. Whole blood methylome-derived features to discriminate endocrine hypertension. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:142. [PMCID: PMC9635165 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01347-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Arterial hypertension represents a worldwide health burden and a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Hypertension can be primary (primary hypertension, PHT), or secondary to endocrine disorders (endocrine hypertension, EHT), such as Cushing's syndrome (CS), primary aldosteronism (PA), and pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL). Diagnosis of EHT is currently based on hormone assays. Efficient detection remains challenging, but is crucial to properly orientate patients for diagnostic confirmation and specific treatment. More accurate biomarkers would help in the diagnostic pathway. We hypothesized that each type of endocrine hypertension could be associated with a specific blood DNA methylation signature, which could be used for disease discrimination. To identify such markers, we aimed at exploring the methylome profiles in a cohort of 255 patients with hypertension, either PHT (n = 42) or EHT (n = 213), and at identifying specific discriminating signatures using machine learning approaches. Results Unsupervised classification of samples showed discrimination of PHT from EHT. CS patients clustered separately from all other patients, whereas PA and PPGL showed an overall overlap. Global methylation was decreased in the CS group compared to PHT. Supervised comparison with PHT identified differentially methylated CpG sites for each type of endocrine hypertension, showing a diffuse genomic location. Among the most differentially methylated genes, FKBP5 was identified in the CS group. Using four different machine learning methods—Lasso (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator), Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine—predictive models for each type of endocrine hypertension were built on training cohorts (80% of samples for each hypertension type) and estimated on validation cohorts (20% of samples for each hypertension type). Balanced accuracies ranged from 0.55 to 0.74 for predicting EHT, 0.85 to 0.95 for predicting CS, 0.66 to 0.88 for predicting PA, and 0.70 to 0.83 for predicting PPGL. Conclusions The blood DNA methylome can discriminate endocrine hypertension, with methylation signatures for each type of endocrine disorder. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-022-01347-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Armignacco
- grid.462098.10000 0004 0643 431XUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Parminder S. Reel
- grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Division of Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD2 4BF UK
| | - Smarti Reel
- grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Division of Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD2 4BF UK
| | - Anne Jouinot
- grid.462098.10000 0004 0643 431XUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France ,grid.440907.e0000 0004 1784 3645Institut Curie, INSERM U900, MINES ParisTech, PSL-Research University, CBIO-Centre for Computational Biology, Paris, France
| | - Amandine Septier
- grid.462098.10000 0004 0643 431XUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Cassandra Gaspar
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMS Production et Analyse de données en Sciences de la vie et en Santé, PASS, Plateforme Post-génomique de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, P3S, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Karine Perlemoine
- grid.462098.10000 0004 0643 431XUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Casper K. Larsen
- grid.462416.30000 0004 0495 1460Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Lucas Bouys
- grid.462098.10000 0004 0643 431XUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Leah Braun
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Riester
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Kroiss
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Fidéline Bonnet-Serrano
- grid.462098.10000 0004 0643 431XUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France ,grid.411784.f0000 0001 0274 3893Service d’Hormonologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Laurence Amar
- grid.462416.30000 0004 0495 1460Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, F-75015 Paris, France ,grid.414093.b0000 0001 2183 5849Unité Hypertension Artérielle, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Anne Blanchard
- grid.414093.b0000 0001 2183 5849Centre d’Investigations Cliniques 9201, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Anne-Paule Gimenez-Roqueplo
- grid.462416.30000 0004 0495 1460Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, F-75015 Paris, France ,grid.414093.b0000 0001 2183 5849Département de Médecine Génomique des Tumeurs et des Cancers, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Aleksander Prejbisz
- grid.418887.aDepartment of Hypertension, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Januszewicz
- grid.418887.aDepartment of Hypertension, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Dobrowolski
- grid.418887.aDepartment of Hypertension, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eleanor Davies
- grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XBHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA UK
| | - Scott M. MacKenzie
- grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XBHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA UK
| | - Gian Paolo Rossi
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Emergency and Hypertension Unit, University of Padova, University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Livia Lenzini
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Emergency and Hypertension Unit, University of Padova, University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Filippo Ceccato
- grid.411474.30000 0004 1760 2630UOC Endocrinologia, Dipartimento di Medicina DIMED, Azienda Ospedaliera-Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Carla Scaroni
- grid.411474.30000 0004 1760 2630UOC Endocrinologia, Dipartimento di Medicina DIMED, Azienda Ospedaliera-Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Mulatero
- grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Tracy A. Williams
- grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessio Pecori
- grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Monticone
- grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Felix Beuschlein
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany ,grid.412004.30000 0004 0478 9977Klinikfür Endokrinologie, Diabetologie Und Klinische Ernährung, UniversitätsSpital Zürich (USZ) and Universität Zürich (UZH), Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Reincke
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria-Christina Zennaro
- grid.462416.30000 0004 0495 1460Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, F-75015 Paris, France ,grid.414093.b0000 0001 2183 5849Service de Génétique, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Bertherat
- grid.462098.10000 0004 0643 431XUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France ,grid.411784.f0000 0001 0274 3893Service d’Endocrinologie, Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Emily Jefferson
- grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Division of Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD2 4BF UK ,grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XInstitute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8RZ UK
| | - Guillaume Assié
- grid.462098.10000 0004 0643 431XUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France ,grid.411784.f0000 0001 0274 3893Service d’Endocrinologie, Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
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10
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Xu S, Jin T, Weng J. Endothelial Cells as a Key Cell Type for Innate Immunity: A Focused Review on RIG-I Signaling Pathway. Front Immunol 2022; 13:951614. [PMID: 35865527 PMCID: PMC9294349 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.951614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelium consists of a highly heterogeneous monolayer of endothelial cells (ECs) which are the primary target for bacterial and viral infections due to EC’s constant and close contact with the bloodstream. Emerging evidence has shown that ECs are a key cell type for innate immunity. Like macrophages, ECs serve as sentinels when sensing invading pathogens or microbial infection caused by viruses and bacteria. It remains elusive how ECs senses danger signals, transduce the signal and fulfil immune functions. Retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I, gene name also known as DDX58) is an important member of RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) family that functions as an important pathogen recognition receptor (PRR) to execute immune surveillance and confer host antiviral response. Recent studies have demonstrated that virus infection, dsRNA, dsDNA, interferons, LPS, and 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC) can increase RIG-1 expression in ECs and propagate anti-viral response. Of translational significance, RIG-I activation can be inhibited by Panax notoginseng saponins, endogenous PPARγ ligand 15-PGJ2, tryptanthrin and 2-animopurine. Considering the pivotal role of inflammation and innate immunity in regulating endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis, here we provided a concise review of the role of RIG-I in endothelial cell function and highlight future direction to elucidate the potential role of RIG-I in regulating cardiovascular diseases as well as virus infectious disease, including COVID-19. Furthered understanding of RIG-I-mediated signaling pathways is important to control disorders associated with altered immunity and inflammation in ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suowen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Laboratory of Metabolics and Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province , University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Suowen Xu, ; Jianping Weng,
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Laboratory of Structural Immunology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jianping Weng
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Laboratory of Metabolics and Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province , University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Suowen Xu, ; Jianping Weng,
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11
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AT2R activation increases in vitro angiogenesis in pregnant human uterine artery endothelial cells. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267826. [PMID: 35486619 PMCID: PMC9053770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is vital during pregnancy for remodeling and enhancing vasodilation of maternal uterine arteries, and increasing uterine blood flow. Abnormal angiogenesis is associated with decreased uteroplacental blood flow and development of pregnancy disorders such as gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, preterm delivery, stillbirth, and miscarriage. The mechanisms that contribute to normal angiogenesis remain obscure. Our previous studies demonstrated that expression of the angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2R) is increased while the angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) is unchanged in the endothelium of uterine arteries, and that AT2R-mediated pregnancy adaptation facilitates enhanced vasodilation and uterine arterial blood flow. However, the role of AT2R in regulating angiogenesis during pregnancy has never been studied. This study examines whether or not AT2R activation induces angiogenesis and, if so, what mechanisms are involved. To this end, we used primary human uterine artery endothelial cells (hUAECs) isolated from pregnant and nonpregnant women undergoing hysterectomy. The present study shows that Compound 21, a selective AT2R agonist, induced proliferation of pregnant-hUAECs, but not nonpregnant-hUAECs, in a concentration-dependent manner, and that this C21-induced mitogenic effect was blocked by PD123319, a selective AT2R antagonist. The mitogenic effects induced by C21 were inhibited by blocking JNK—but not ERK, PI3K, and p38—signaling pathways. In addition, C21 concentration dependently increased cell migration and capillary-like tube formation in pregnant-hUAECs. The membrane-based antibody array showed that C21 increased expression of multiple angiogenic proteins, including EGF, bFGF, leptin, PLGF, IGF-1, and angiopoietins. Our qPCR analysis demonstrates that C21-induced increase in expression of these angiogenic proteins correlates with a proportional increase in mRNA expression, indicating that AT2R activates angiogenic proteins at the transcriptional level. In summary, the present study shows that AT2R activation induces angiogenesis of hUAECs in a pregnancy-specific manner through JNK-mediated pathways with associated transcriptional upregulation of multiple proangiogenic proteins.
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12
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Cathepsin K contributed to disturbed flow-induced atherosclerosis is dependent on integrin-actin cytoskeleton–NF–κB pathway. Genes Dis 2022; 10:583-595. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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13
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Siti HN, Jalil J, Asmadi AY, Kamisah Y. Parkia speciosa Hassk. Empty Pod Extract Alleviates Angiotensin II-Induced Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy in H9c2 Cells by Modulating the Ang II/ROS/NO Axis and MAPK Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:741623. [PMID: 34721028 PMCID: PMC8551585 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.741623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is characteristic of heart failure in patients who have experienced cardiac remodeling. Many medicinal plants, including Parkia speciosa Hassk., have documented cardioprotective effects against such pathologies. This study investigated the activity of P. speciosa empty pod extract against cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in H9c2 cardiomyocytes exposed to angiotensin II (Ang II). In particular, its role in modulating the Ang II/reactive oxygen species/nitric oxide (Ang II/ROS/NO) axis and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway was examined. Treatment with the extract (12.5, 25, and 50 μg/ml) prevented Ang II-induced increases in cell size, NADPH oxidase activity, B-type natriuretic peptide levels, and reactive oxygen species and reductions in superoxide dismutase activity. These were comparable to the effects of the valsartan positive control. However, the extract did not significantly ameliorate the effects of Ang II on inducible nitric oxide synthase activity and nitric oxide levels, while valsartan did confer such protection. Although the extract decreased the levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-related kinase, p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, valsartan only decreased phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase expression. Phytochemical screening identified the flavonoids rutin (1) and quercetin (2) in the extract. These findings suggest that P. speciosa empty pod extract protects against Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, possibly by modulating the Ang II/ROS/NO axis and MAPK signaling pathway via a mechanism distinct from valsartan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hawa Nordin Siti
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Juriyati Jalil
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Yusof Asmadi
- Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defense Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yusof Kamisah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Cardiovacular Health Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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14
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Yu Z, Wang L, Wu S, Xue W, Zhao W, Li J. Potential mechanisms of the anti-hypertensive effects of RVPSL on spontaneously hypertensive rats using non-targeted serum metabolomics. Food Funct 2021; 12:8561-8569. [PMID: 34337639 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01546j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate potential mechanisms for the anti-hypertensive effects of RVPSL on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) using a non-targeted metabonomic approach. In this study, UPLC/MS-based non-targeted metabolomics was performed to discover metabolite variation of serum in SHRs with RVPSL treatment. As a result, the serum metabolites of SHRs that were administered RVPSL for four weeks exhibited distinct alterations. Nine potential biomarkers, i.e., choline, adenosine, adrenic acid, L-tryptophan, niacinamide, glycocholic acid, propiolic acid, D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, and phosphoglycolic acid, were significantly altered, which were mainly involved in lipid metabolism, vitamin and amino acid metabolism, purine metabolism, the MAPK signaling pathway, and the renin-angiotensin system. This study suggested that RVPSL potentially exerted potent effects of alleviating hypertension in the SHRs mainly via integrated regulations of metabolism and production of choline, L-tryptophan, nicotinamide, and adenosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, P. R. China.
| | - Li Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, P. R. China.
| | - Sijia Wu
- Lab of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, P. R. China.
| | - Wenzhu Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, P. R. China.
| | - Jianrong Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, P. R. China.
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15
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Verma K, Pant M, Paliwal S, Dwivedi J, Sharma S. An Insight on Multicentric Signaling of Angiotensin II in Cardiovascular system: A Recent Update. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:734917. [PMID: 34489714 PMCID: PMC8417791 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.734917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The multifaceted nature of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) makes it versatile due to its involvement in pathogenesis of the cardiovascular disease. Angiotensin II (Ang II), a multifaceted member of RAS family is known to have various potential effects. The knowledge of this peptide has immensely ameliorated after meticulous research for decades. Several studies have evidenced angiotensin I receptor (AT1 R) to mediate the majority Ang II-regulated functions in the system. Functional crosstalk between AT1 R mediated signal transduction cascades and other signaling pathways has been recognized. The review will provide an up-to-date information and recent discoveries involved in Ang II receptor signal transduction and their functional significance in the cardiovascular system for potential translation in therapeutics. Moreover, the review also focuses on the role of stem cell-based therapies in the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Verma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
| | - Malvika Pant
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
| | - Sarvesh Paliwal
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
| | - Jaya Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
| | - Swapnil Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
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16
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Wu M, Wu X, Cheng Y, Shen Z, Chen X, Xie Q, Chu J, Li J, Liu L, Wei L, Long L, Cai Q, Peng J, Shen A. Qingda Granule Attenuates Angiotensin II-Induced Blood Pressure and Inhibits Ca 2+/ERK Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:688877. [PMID: 34393778 PMCID: PMC8358933 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.688877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: As a well-known traditional Chinese medicine formula prescribed by academician Ke-ji Chen, Qingda granule (QDG) lowered the blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats and attenuated hypertensive cardiac remodeling and inflammation. However, its functional role and underlying mechanisms on hypertensive vascular function remain largely unclear. This study aims to assess the effects of QDG treatment on Angiotensin II- (AngII-) induced hypertension and vascular function and explore its underlying mechanisms both in vitro and in vivo. Methods: In an in vivo study, 25 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups, including Control, AngII, AngII + QDG-L, AngII + QDG-M, and AngII + QDG-H groups (n = 5 for each group). Mice in AngII and AngII + QDG-L/-M/-H groups were infused with AngII (500 ng/kg/min), while in the Control group, they were infused with saline. Mice in AngII + QDG were intragastrically given different concentrations of QDG (0.5725, 1.145, or 2.29 g/kg/day), while in Control and AngII groups, they were intragastrically given equal volumes of double distilled water for 2 weeks. Blood pressure was determined at 0, 1, and 2 weeks of treatment. Ultrasound was used to detect the pulse wave velocity (PWV) and HE staining to detect the pathological change of the abdominal aorta. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to identify the differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) and related signaling pathways. IHC was used to detect the expression of p-ERK in the abdominal aorta. Primary isolated rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were used to assess the cellular Ca2+ release and activation of the ERK pathway by confocal microscope and western blotting analysis, respectively. Results: QDG treatment significantly alleviated the elevated blood pressure, the PWV, and the thickness of the abdominal aorta in AngII-induced hypertensive mice. RNA-seq and KEGG analyses identified 1,505 DETs and multiple enriched pathways (including vascular contraction and calcium signaling pathway) after QDG treatment. Furthermore, confocal microscope showed that QDG treatment partially attenuated the increase of Ca2+ release with the stimulation of AngII in cultured VSMCs. In addition, IHC and western blotting indicated that QDG treatment also partially alleviated the increase of phospho-ERK levels in abdominal aorta tissues of mice and cultured VSMCs after the infusion or stimulation of AngII. Conclusion: QDG treatment attenuated the elevation of blood pressure, abdominal aorta dysfunction, pathological changes, Ca2+ release, and activation of the ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizhu Wu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiangyan Wu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhiqing Shen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiurong Xie
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Chu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiapeng Li
- Department of Physical Education, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liya Liu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lihui Wei
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Linzi Long
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoyan Cai
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Aling Shen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
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17
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Zhao Z, Zhang Y, Wang C, Wang X, Wang Y, Zhang H. Angiotensin II upregulates RANKL/NFATC1 expression in synovial cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis through the ERK1/2 and JNK pathways. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:297. [PMID: 33952303 PMCID: PMC8097914 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02451-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Angiotensin II (Ang II) is associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) development. The present study investigated the impact of Ang II on the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), as well as of nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATC1) in RA synovial cells, and explored the underlying mechanism. Methods The expression levels of RANKL, NFATC1, and Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) were analyzed by RT PCR, western-blot, and/or immunohistochemistry. Western blot was also used to analyze the p38MAPK, JNK, and ERK1/2 pathways. Results The expressions of RANKL and NFATC1 increased in synovial tissues of RA compared to osteoarthritis (OA) synovial tissues. The expression of RANKL was upregulated by Ang II, and this effect was mitigated by an AT1R blocker but not by an AT2R blocker. Furthermore, Ang II activated the ERK1/2, JNK, and p38MAPK pathways, and this effect was blocked by the AT1R blocker. However, ERK1/2 and JNK inhibitors, but not a p38MAPK inhibitor, blocked Ang II-induced RANKL expression. Ang II also increased the level of NFATC1, and this upregulation was attenuated by AT1R blockade, ERK1/2 and JNK inhibition, and siRNA-mediated RANKL silencing, but not by AT2R blockade or p38MAPK inhibition. Conclusion Our results indicated that Ang II activated the ERK1/2 and JNK pathways via AT1R, thus upregulating RANKL and NFATC1 expressions in RA synovial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Zhao
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Yongtao Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Changyao Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Yingzhen Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Haining Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China. .,Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 59 Hai Er Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266061, P.R. China.
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18
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Jiang M, Sun X, Liu S, Tang Y, Shi Y, Bai Y, Wang Y, Yang Q, Yang Q, Jiang W, Yuan H, Jiang Q, Cai J. Caspase-11-Gasdermin D-Mediated Pyroptosis Is Involved in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:657486. [PMID: 33981234 PMCID: PMC8109243 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.657486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pyroptosis is a form of cell death triggered by proinflammatory signals. Recent studies have reported that oxidized phospholipids function as caspase-11 agonists to induce noncanonical inflammasome activation in immune cells. As the levels of oxidized phospholipids derived from ox-LDL are largely elevated in atherosclerotic lesions, this study sought to determine whether oxidized lipids trigger pyroptosis and subsequent inflammation in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Methods and Results: In our current study, after integrating transcriptomic data available from the Gene Expression Omnibus with data from hyperlipidemic mice and ox-LDL-treated peritoneal macrophages, we discovered that caspase-4/11-gasdermin D-associated inflammatory signaling was significantly activated. Consistently, the mRNA expression of caspase-4 and gasdermin D was upregulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with coronary heart disease. In particular, the expression of caspase-4 was closely associated with the severity of lesions in the coronary arteries. An in vivo study showed that caspase-11-gasdermin D activation occurred in response to a high-fat/high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet in ApoE−/− mice, while caspase-11 deletion largely attenuated the volume and macrophage infiltration of atherosclerotic lesions. An in vitro mechanistic study showed that caspase-11-mediated inflammation occurred partly via gasdermin D-mediated pyroptosis in macrophages. Suppressing gasdermin D in HFHC-fed ApoE−/− mice via delivery of an adeno-associated virus markedly decreased lesion volume and infiltrating macrophage numbers. Conclusion: Caspase-11-gasdermin D-mediated pyroptosis and the subsequent proinflammatory response in macrophages are involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Therefore, targeting the caspase 11-gasdermin D may serve as an alternative strategy for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqing Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuejing Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Suzhen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunming Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanyuan Bai
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qize Yang
- Suzhou Science and Technology Town Foreign Language School, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weihong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Yuan
- The Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qixia Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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19
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Bollavaram K, Leeman TH, Lee MW, Kulkarni A, Upshaw SG, Yang J, Song H, Platt MO. Multiple sites on SARS-CoV-2 spike protein are susceptible to proteolysis by cathepsins B, K, L, S, and V. Protein Sci 2021; 30:1131-1143. [PMID: 33786919 PMCID: PMC8138523 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
SARS‐CoV‐2 is the coronavirus responsible for the COVID‐19 pandemic. Proteases are central to the infection process of SARS‐CoV‐2. Cleavage of the spike protein on the virus's capsid causes the conformational change that leads to membrane fusion and viral entry into the target cell. Since inhibition of one protease, even the dominant protease like TMPRSS2, may not be sufficient to block SARS‐CoV‐2 entry into cells, other proteases that may play an activating role and hydrolyze the spike protein must be identified. We identified amino acid sequences in all regions of spike protein, including the S1/S2 region critical for activation and viral entry, that are susceptible to cleavage by furin and cathepsins B, K, L, S, and V using PACMANS, a computational platform that identifies and ranks preferred sites of proteolytic cleavage on substrates, and verified with molecular docking analysis and immunoblotting to determine if binding of these proteases can occur on the spike protein that were identified as possible cleavage sites. Together, this study highlights cathepsins B, K, L, S, and V for consideration in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and presents methodologies by which other proteases can be screened to determine a role in viral entry. This highlights additional proteases to be considered in COVID‐19 studies, particularly regarding exacerbated damage in inflammatory preconditions where these proteases are generally upregulated. PDB Code(s): 6VYB, 4Z2A, 5F02, 4P6E, 5TUN, 2IPP and 3H6S;
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Affiliation(s)
- Keval Bollavaram
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tiffanie H Leeman
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Maggie W Lee
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Akhil Kulkarni
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sophia G Upshaw
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jiabei Yang
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Biomedical Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hannah Song
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Manu O Platt
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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20
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Pan G, Zhang K, Li C, Hu X, Kausar S, Gu H, Yang L, Cui H. A hemocyte-specific cathepsin L-like cysteine protease is involved in response to 20-hydroxyecdysone and microbial pathogens stimulation in silkworm, Bombyx mori. Mol Immunol 2020; 131:78-88. [PMID: 33376000 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cathepsin L protease belongs to the papain-like cysteine proteases family, plays indispensable roles in animals' pathological and physiological processes. However, little is known about Cathepsin L in silkworm, Bombyx mori. Herein, a novel Cathepsin L-like (Cat L-like) was cloned and identified from silkworm by the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Cat L-like contains an intact open reading frame (ORF) of 1 668 bp and encodes 556 amino acid residues, consisting of a signal peptide, typical cathepsins' inhibitor_I29, and pept_C1 domain. Cat L-like is specifically and highly expressed in hemocytes. The cathepsin (including Cathepsin L, B, and H) crude extract from hemocytes had typical substrate specific catalytic activities and were sensitive to pH and temperature. Cat L-like up-regulated considerably after 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-E) administration, indicating that Cat L-like may be regulated by insect hormone. The responses of Cat L-like against bacterial infection suggest it may play essential roles in silkworm immunity. Overall, our studies provide a theoretical basis and insights to further investigate the functions of Cat L-like and in insects' innate immunity mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing 400716, China; Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Kui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing 400716, China; Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Chongyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing 400716, China; Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing 400716, China; Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Saima Kausar
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing 400716, China; Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Hongyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing 400716, China; Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Liqun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing 400716, China; Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing 400716, China; Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
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21
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Oyagbemi AA, Bolaji-Alabi FB, Ajibade TO, Adejumobi OA, Ajani OS, Jarikre TA, Omobowale TO, Ola-Davies OE, Soetan KO, Aro AO, Emikpe BO, Saba AB, Adedapo AA, Oyeyemi MO, Nkadimeng SM, Kayoka-Kabongo PN, McGaw LJ, Oguntibeju OO, Yakubu MA. Novel antihypertensive action of rutin is mediated via inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme/mineralocorticoid receptor/angiotensin 2 type 1 receptor (ATR1) signaling pathways in uninephrectomized hypertensive rats. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13534. [PMID: 33089540 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disease that affects approximately 26% of adult population, worldwide. Rutin is one of the important flavonoids that is consumed in the daily diet, and found in many food items, vegetables, and beverages. Uninephrectomy (UNX) of the left kidney was performed, followed by induction of hypertension. The rats were randomly divided into four groups of 10 rats: group 1-Sham-operated rats; group 2-UNX rats, group 3-UNX-L-NAME (40 mg/kg) plus rutin (100 mg/kg bwt), and groups 4-UNX-L-NAME plus lisinopril (10 mg/kg bwt), orally for 3 weeks. Results revealed significant heightening of arterial pressure and oxidative stress indices, while hypertensive rats treated with rutin had lower expressions of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and mineralocorticoid receptor in uninephrectomized rats. Together, rutin as a novel antihypertensive flavonoid could provide an unimaginable benefits for the management of hypertension through inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme and mineralocorticoid receptor. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Hypertension has been reported to be the most common cardiovascular disease, affecting approximately 26% of the adult population worldwide with predicted prevalence to increase by 60% by 2025. Recent advances in phytomedicine have shown flavonoids to be very helpful in the treatment of many diseases. Flavonoids have been used in the treatment and management of cardiovascular diseases, obesity and hypertension. The study revealed that rutin, a known flavonoid inhibited angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin 2 type 1 receptor (ATR1), and mineralocorticoid receptor (MCR), comparable to the classic ACE inhibitor, Lisinopril, indicating the novel antihypertensive property of rutin. Therefore, flavonoids such as rutin found in fruits and vegetables could, therefore, serve as an antihypertensive drug regimen. Combining all, functional foods rich in flavonoids could be used as potential therapeutic candidates for managing uninephrectomized hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Foluso Bolawaye Bolaji-Alabi
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Temitayo Olabisi Ajibade
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olumuyiwa Abiola Adejumobi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olumide Samuel Ajani
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Theophilus Aghogho Jarikre
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Temidayo Olutayo Omobowale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olufunke Eunice Ola-Davies
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde Olugboyega Soetan
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Abimbola Obemisola Aro
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Benjamin Obukowho Emikpe
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adebowale Benard Saba
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Adeolu Alex Adedapo
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Gauteng, South Africa
| | | | - Sanah Malomile Nkadimeng
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Science, University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Lyndy Joy McGaw
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Science, University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Momoh Audu Yakubu
- Department of Environmental & Interdisciplinary Sciences, College of Science, Engineering & Technology, Vascular Biology Unit, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
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22
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Fatahian A, Haftcheshmeh SM, Azhdari S, Farshchi HK, Nikfar B, Momtazi-Borojeni AA. Promising Anti-atherosclerotic Effect of Berberine: Evidence from In Vitro, In Vivo, and Clinical Studies. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 178:83-110. [PMID: 32789786 DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of plasma cholesterol, impaired vascular wall, and presence of inflammatory macrophages are important atherogenic risk factors contributing to atherosclerotic plaque formation and progression. The interventions modulating these risk factors have been found to protect against atherosclerosis development and to decrease atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular disorders. Nutritional approaches involving supplements followed by improving dietary habits and lifestyle have become growingly attractive and acceptable methods used to control atherosclerosis risk factors, mainly high levels of plasma cholesterol. There are a large number of studies that show berberine, a plant bioactive compound, could ameliorate atherosclerosis-related risk factors. In the present literature review, we put together this studies and provide integrated evidence that exhibits berberine has the potential atheroprotective effect through reducing increased levels of plasma cholesterol, particularly low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-C) via LDL receptor (LDLR)-dependent and LDL receptor-independent mechanisms, inhibiting migration and inflammatory activity of macrophages, improving the functionality of endothelial cells via anti-oxidant activities, and suppressing proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. In conclusion, berberine can exert inhibitory effects on the atherosclerotic plaque development mainly through LDL-lowering activity and suppressing atherogenic functions of mentioned cells. As the second achievement of this review, among the signaling pathways through which berberine regulates intracellular processes, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has a central and critical role, showing that enhancing activity of AMPK pathway can be considered as a promising therapeutic approach for atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Fatahian
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Sara Azhdari
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Helaleh Kaboli Farshchi
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Banafsheh Nikfar
- Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Abbas Momtazi-Borojeni
- Halal research center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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