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Misra AV, Mamdouh HM, Dani A, Mitchell V, Hussain HY, Ibrahim GM, Kotb R, Alnakhi WK. Understanding the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health among a Sample of University Workers in the United Arab Emirates. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1153. [PMID: 38891228 PMCID: PMC11172320 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12111153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Research on the mental health of university staff during the COVID-19 pandemic has uncovered a high prevalence of probable anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder among academic and non-academic staff in many parts of the world. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anxiety, depressive symptoms, and resilience among a sample of faculty and staff members working in the Higher College of Technology campuses in the UAE. From September to November 2021, a cross-sectional study was carried out using an online survey. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale, The Patient Health Questionnaire (9-items), and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale were used to assess anxiety, depression, and resilience. The impact of COVID-19 was assessed using a designated list of questions. The results demonstrated that the COVID-19 pandemic had impacted the mental health of the studied sample of university workers, with almost 16% of the participants having moderate-to-severe depression and anxiety symptoms. This study highlighted significant differences in the participants' depressive and anxiety symptoms due to sociodemographic differences. Depression and anxiety symptoms were most prevalent among females, those of UAE nationality, and never-married workers, with females scoring 5.81 on the PHQ-9 compared to only 4.10 in males, p = 0.004 *. UAE-national participants had significantly higher mean PHQ-9 scores than their non-national counterparts (6.37 ± 5.49 SD versus 4.77 ± 5.1 SD, respectively, p = 0.040 *). Overall, the total mean scores of all participants were below the assumed cut-off threshold of having a high resilience level (29.51 ± 7.53 SD). The results showed a significant difference in severe depression symptoms as a result of the impact of COVID-19. These results could imply that the COVID-19 pandemic might have augmented negative mental health impacts on this sample of university workers. This study highlighted some areas where the responsible authorities can intervene to further protect and enhance the mental health of university workers, particularly after the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika V. Misra
- Department of Health Sciences—Social Work Program, Higher Colleges of Technology, Sharjah P.O. Box 7946, United Arab Emirates; (A.V.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Heba M. Mamdouh
- Department of Data Analysis, Research and Studies, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai P.O. Box 4545, United Arab Emirates (G.M.I.)
- Department of Family Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 5424041, Egypt
| | - Anita Dani
- Department of Health Sciences—Social Work Program, Higher Colleges of Technology, Sharjah P.O. Box 7946, United Arab Emirates; (A.V.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Vivienne Mitchell
- Department of Health Sciences—Social Work Program, Higher Colleges of Technology, Sharjah P.O. Box 7946, United Arab Emirates; (A.V.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Hamid Y. Hussain
- Department of Data Analysis, Research and Studies, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai P.O. Box 4545, United Arab Emirates (G.M.I.)
| | - Gamal M. Ibrahim
- Department of Data Analysis, Research and Studies, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai P.O. Box 4545, United Arab Emirates (G.M.I.)
| | - Reham Kotb
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 59911, United Arab Emirates;
- Primary Health Care Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 5424041, Egypt
| | - Wafa K. Alnakhi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates;
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Penachiotti FDF, Yamaguchi MU, Mana A, Sagy S, Grossi-Milani R. Sense of coherence and social support as predictors of mental health during COVID-19 pandemic. Rev Bras Enferm 2023; 76Suppl 1:e20220468. [PMID: 37556675 PMCID: PMC10405388 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2022-0468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES to verify the role of sense of coherence, sense of national coherence, social support and trust in institutions to predict mental health in Brazilians during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS a cross-sectional study, carried out from November, 2020 to January, 2021 via an online survey. Standardized instruments were used. The sample consisted of 1,630 Brazilians. Pearson's correlation and linear regression were performed in data analysis. RESULTS sense of coherence was the only predictor of anxiety [β= -0.61; p<0.001], explaining 38% of the variance in its scores, while sense of coherence [β= 0.52; p<0.001], sense of national coherence [β= 0.16; p<0.001], and social support [β= 0.15; p<0.001] predicted positive mental health and together explained 51% of its variance. CONCLUSIONS the findings suggest that sense of coherence, sense of national coherence and social support represent important predictors for mental health and that strengthening these resources, could potentially promote Brazilians' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirian Ueda Yamaguchi
- Universidade Cesumar. Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
- Cesumar Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation. Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Adi Mana
- Peres Academic Center. Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shifra Sagy
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Rute Grossi-Milani
- Universidade Cesumar. Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
- Cesumar Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation. Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Tsai JY, Shih TJ, Tsai TI, Lee SM, Liang CM. Individualism, economic development, and democracy as determinants of COVID-19 risk information on 132 government websites. Prev Med Rep 2023; 34:102242. [PMID: 37214163 PMCID: PMC10181946 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about how governments transparently communicate about COVID-19. This study conducted a content analysis of 132 government COVID-19 websites to identify the salience of health messages (i.e., perceived threat, perceived efficacy, and perceived resilience) and cross-national determinants of information provision. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the relationship between country-level predictors (i.e., economic development, democracy scores, and individualism index) and information salience. The numbers of deaths, discharged patients, and daily new cases were prevalent on the main webpages. Subpages provided information about vulnerability statistics, government responses, and vaccination rates. Less than 10% of governments included messages that may instill self-efficacy. Democratic countries had higher chances of providing threat statistics on subpages, including daily new cases (Relative Risk Ratio, RRR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.16-2.37), mortalities (RRR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.23-2.33), hospitalizations (RRR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.12-2.37), and positivity rates (RRR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.07-2.23). On subpages, democratic governments emphasized information about perceived vulnerability (RRR = 2.36, 95% CI: 1.50-3.73), perceived response efficacy (RRR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.06-2.06), recovery numbers (RRR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.31-2.60), and vaccinations (RRR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.39-3.30). Developed countries reported the number of daily new cases, perceived response efficacy, and vaccination rates on their COVID-19 main pages. Individualism scores predicted the salience of vaccination rates on main pages and the omission of information related to perceived severity and perceived vulnerability. Democracy levels were more predictive of reporting information about perceived severity, perceived response efficacy, and perceived resilience on subpages of dedicated websites. Improving public health agencies' communication about COVID-19 is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Yi Tsai
- School of Communication, Northern Arizona University, United States
| | - Tsung-Jen Shih
- International Master's Program in International Communication Studies, Taiwan Institute for Governance and Communication Research, National Chengchi University, Taiwan
| | - Tien-I Tsai
- Department of Library and Information Science, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Man Lee
- Miin Wu School of Computing, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Liang
- Graduate Institute of Health and Biotechnology Law, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
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Cohrdes C, Pryss R, Baumeister H, Eicher S, Knoll N, Hölling H. Support- and meaning-focused coping as key factors for maintaining adult quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1196404. [PMID: 37377548 PMCID: PMC10291068 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1196404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction During the COVID-19 pandemic, questions about both consequences and helpful strategies to maintain quality of life (QoL) have become increasingly important. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of coping factors during the COVID-19 pandemic, their associations with QoL and the moderating role of certain sociodemographic characteristics. Methods Analyses were based on cross-sectional self-reports from German adult participants (N = 2,137, 18-84 years, 52.1% female) of the CORONA HEALTH APP Study from July 2020 to July 2021. Multivariate regression analyses were used to predict (a) coping factors assessed with the Brief COPE and (b) QoL assessed with the WHOQOL-BREF while taking measurement time, central sociodemographic, and health characteristics into account. Results During the COVID-19 pandemic, German adults mostly pursued problem- and meaning-focused coping factors and showed a relatively good QoL [Mean values (M) from 57.2 to 73.6, standard deviations (SD) = 16.3-22.6], except for the social domain (M = 57.2, SD = 22.6), and with a decreasing trend over time (β from -0.06 to -0.11, ps < 0.01). Whereas, escape-avoidance coping was negatively related to all QoL domains (β = -0.35, p < 0.001 for psychological, β = -0.22, p < 0.001 for physical, β = -0.13, p = 0.045 for social, β = -0.49, p < 0.001 for environmental QoL), support- and meaning-focused coping showed positive associations with various QoL domains (β from 0.19 to 0.45, ps < 0.01). The results also suggested differences in the pursuit of coping factors as well as in the strength of associations with QoL by sociodemographic characteristics. Escape-avoidance-focused coping was negatively associated with QoL levels in older and less educated adults (simple slopes differed at ps < 0.001), in particular. Conclusions The results demonstrated what types of coping may be helpful to avoid QoL deterioration (i.e., support- and meaning-focused coping) and provide implications for future universal or targeted health promotion (i.e., older or less educated adults who lack social or instrumental support) and preparedness in the face of unknown challenging societal situations similar to that of the COVID-19 pandemic. Cross-sectional trends of enhanced use of escape-avoidance-focused coping and QoL deterioration point toward a need for increased attention from public health and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Cohrdes
- Mental Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Pryss
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Harald Baumeister
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sophie Eicher
- Mental Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Knoll
- Division of Health Psychology, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Hölling
- Mental Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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Prati G, Mancini AD. Happiness before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: A population-based longitudinal study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION : IJDRR 2023; 91:103711. [PMID: 37123218 PMCID: PMC10122958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to investigate (1) whether the COVID-19 pandemic and the restrictive measures to control its spread were associated with changes in happiness before and after the pandemic and (2) whether household size, living with a partner/spouse, living with at least one son/daughter, financial support, income loss, and job loss following the pandemic were associated with happiness after controlling for previous levels of happiness. We use data from the Italian Survey on Household Income and Wealth (SHIW). Specifically, we used longitudinal data from 2283 respondents who participated in the SHIW 2016 and SHIW 2020. Results revealed a small but significant increase in happiness from 2016 to 2021. In addition, living with a partner/spouse predicted higher happiness with a medium effect size, and total income loss predicted lower happiness with a small to medium effect size. Household size, living with at least one son/daughter, financial support, partial income loss, and job loss following the pandemic were unrelated to happiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Prati
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna (Italy), Piazza Aldo Moro, 90, 47521, Cesena, FC, Italy
| | - Anthony D Mancini
- Department of Psychology, Pace University, Marks Hall, Rm 33, 861 Bedford Road, Pleasantville, NY, 10570, USA
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Hassan-Abbas NM. Daily stress, family functioning and mental health among Palestinian couples in Israel during COVID-19: A moderated mediation model. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS 2023; 40:1770-1791. [PMID: 38603143 PMCID: PMC9637906 DOI: 10.1177/02654075221130785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic created a range of stressors, among them difficulties related to work conditions, financial changes, lack of childcare, and confinement or isolation due to social distancing. Among families and married individuals, these stressors were often expressed in additional daily hassles, with an influence on mental health. This study examined two moderated mediation models based on Bodenmann's systemic-transactional stress model. Specifically, the models tested the hypothesis that intra-dyadic stress mediates the association between extra-dyadic stress and mental health, while two measures of family functioning, cohesion and flexibility, moderate the relationship between extra and intra-dyadic stress. Participants were 480 Palestinian adults in Israel who completed self-report questionnaires. All were in opposite-sex marriages and identified as either cisgender women or cisgender men. The results showed partial mediation patterns supporting both models, indicating that family cohesion and flexibility weakened the mediating effect of intra-dyadic stress on the relationship between extra-dyadic stress and mental health. These findings increase our understanding of the variables that affected mental health during the pandemic, and suggest that when faced with extra-dyadic stress, married individuals with good family environments are less likely to experience high levels of intra-dyadic stress, which is in turn associated with preserved mental health. Limitations and implications for planning interventions for couples and families during the pandemic are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niveen M. Hassan-Abbas
- Department of Special Education and Psychology, Department of Behavioral Sciences, Zefat Academic College, Safed, Israel
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Sarid M, Kalman-Halevi M, Tutian R, Gilat-Yihyie S, Sarid A. Uncovering Resilience Disparities among Religious Groups in Israel's Mass COVID-19 Vaccination Drive: Lessons Learned to the Post-COVID Era. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13050398. [PMID: 37232635 DOI: 10.3390/bs13050398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to examine the emotional resilience, satisfaction with life, social support, and anxiety during the vaccination process of the Israeli population after the end of the third lockdown, according to religiosity degree. We hypothesized that a higher degree of religiosity (ultra-Orthodox and religious participants) would be associated with higher levels of resilience and with lower levels of anxiety than in secular individuals. In addition, it was hypothesized that satisfaction with life, social support, anxiety, and religiosity will predict resilience and anxiety. Nine hundred and ninety-three native Jewish Hebrew-speaking respondents representing ultra-Orthodox, religious, observant, and secular Jews participated in this study. Ultra-Orthodox participants showed higher resilience and satisfaction with life than other groups, and lower levels of anxiety. Satisfaction with life and social support predicted higher resilience. It is suggested that religious faith as well as satisfaction with life may provide a source of strength and resilience in stressful life events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miri Sarid
- Department of Education, Western Galilee College, Acre 2412101, Israel
| | | | - Rony Tutian
- Department of Education, Western Galilee College, Acre 2412101, Israel
| | | | - Adi Sarid
- Sarid Institute, Haifa 2626047, Israel
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Holton S, Wynter K, Peeters A, Georgalas A, Yeomanson A, Rasmussen B. Psychological wellbeing of Australian community health service staff during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal cohort study. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:405. [PMID: 37101142 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09382-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospital clinical staff have reported poor psychosocial wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Little is known about community health service staff who undertake various roles including education, advocacy and clinical services, and work with a range of clients. Few studies have collected longitudinal data. The aim of this study was to assess the psychological wellbeing of community health service staff in Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic at two time points in 2021. METHODS A prospective cohort design with an anonymous cross-sectional online survey administered at two time points (March/April 2021; n = 681 and September/October 2021; n = 479). Staff (clinical and non-clinical roles) were recruited from eight community health services in Victoria, Australia. Psychological wellbeing was assessed using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and resilience using the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS). General linear models were used to measure the effects of survey time point, professional role and geographic location on DASS-21 subscale scores, adjusting for selected sociodemographic and health characteristics. RESULTS There were no significant differences in respondent sociodemographic characteristics between the two surveys. Staff's mental health declined as the pandemic continued. Adjusting for dependent children, professional role, general health status, geographic location, COVID-19 contact status and country of birth; depression, anxiety and stress scores were significantly higher for respondents in the second survey than the first (all p < 0.001). Professional role and geographic location were not statistically significantly associated with scores on any of the DASS-21 subscales. Higher levels of depression, anxiety and stress were reported among respondents who were younger, and had less resilience or poorer general health. CONCLUSIONS The psychological wellbeing of community health staff was significantly worse at the time of the second survey than the first. The findings indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic has had an ongoing and cumulative negative impact on staff wellbeing. Staff would benefit from continued wellbeing support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Holton
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
- The Centre for Quality and Patient Safety Research in the Institute of Health Transformation, Deakin University - Western Health Partnership, St Albans, VIC, 3021, Australia.
| | - Karen Wynter
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
- The Centre for Quality and Patient Safety Research in the Institute of Health Transformation, Deakin University - Western Health Partnership, St Albans, VIC, 3021, Australia
| | - Anna Peeters
- Institute of Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | | | - Ann Yeomanson
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark and Steno Diabetes Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bodil Rasmussen
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
- The Centre for Quality and Patient Safety Research in the Institute of Health Transformation, Deakin University - Western Health Partnership, St Albans, VIC, 3021, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark and Steno Diabetes Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Cleofas JV, Alibudbud RC. Emerging From a Two-Year-Long Quarantine: A Retrospective Study on Life Satisfaction Trajectory and Depression Among Young LGBTQ+ Students in the Philippines. SAGE Open Nurs 2023; 9:23779608231158980. [PMID: 36861049 PMCID: PMC9969438 DOI: 10.1177/23779608231158980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence suggests that lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer, and other gender and sexual minorities (LGBTQ+) may experience heightened mental health disparities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Since long periods of confinement and physical restriction due to disease outbreaks can adversely affect mental health, there is a need to explore their effects among LGBTQ+ youth as society recovers from the pandemic. Aims This study determined the longitudinal association between depression and life satisfaction trajectory from the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 to pandemic-induced community quarantine in 2022 among young LGBTQ+ students. Methods This study surveyed 384 conveniently sampled youths (18-24 years old) who identify as LGBTQ+ from locales under two-year-long community quarantine in the Philippines. Respondents' life satisfaction trajectory was measured for 2020, 2021, and 2022. Post-quarantine depression was measured using the Short Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale. Results One out of four respondents has depression. Those from less than high-income households had a higher risk for depression. Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed that those with more pronounced improvements in life satisfaction throughout and after community quarantine among respondents have a lower risk of depression. Conclusion Life satisfaction trajectory can influence the risk for depression among young LGBTQ+ students during extended periods of crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, there is a need to improve their living conditions as society reemerges from the pandemic. Likewise, additional support should be given to LGBTQ+ students from lower-income households. Moreover, continuous monitoring of LGBTQ+ youths' life conditions and mental health post-quarantine is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Visperas Cleofas
- Department of Sociology and Behavioral Sciences, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines
- Jerome Visperas Cleofas, 2401 Taft Avenue,
Malate, Manila 1004, Metro Manila, Philippines.
| | - Rowalt C. Alibudbud
- Department of Sociology and Behavioral Sciences, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines
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Su P, Yi J, Chen X, Xiao Y. Visual Analysis of Psychological Resilience Research Based on Web of Science Database. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:465-481. [PMID: 36846313 PMCID: PMC9948642 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s394693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The importance of psychological resilience that people show in coping with stress and adversity is prominent, but few studies have used rigorous bibliometric tools to analyze the knowledge structure and distribution of psychological resilience research. Objective The purpose of this study was to sort out and summarize the previous studies on psychological resilience by using bibliometrics. Specifically, the time distribution of psychological resilience research was determined by publication trend, the power distribution was determined by the distribution of countries, authors, institutions and journals, the hot research spots were analyzed according to the results of keyword cluster analysis, and the research frontier was explored according to the results of burst keywords. Methods CiteSpace5.8.R3 was used to analyze the literatures on psychological resilience collected in Web of Science core Collection database from January 1, 2010, to June 16, 2022. Results A total of 8462 literatures were included after screening. Research on psychological resilience has been on the rise in recent years. The United States had made a high contribution in this field. Robert H Pietrzak, George A Bonanno, Connor KM and others were highly influential. J Pers Soc Psychol has the highest citation frequency and centrality. The research hot spots focus on five aspects: study on psychological resilience related to COVID-19 pandemic, influencing factors of psychological resilience, psychological resilience related to PTSD, study on psychological resilience of special population, and the molecular biology and genetic basis of psychological resilience. Psychological resilience related to COVID-19 pandemic was the most cutting-edge research aspect. Conclusion The current situation and trend of psychological resilience research were found in this study, which may be used to identify more hot issues and explore new research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Su
- Teaching and Research Section of Clinical Nursing, Emergency Department, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jindong Yi
- Teaching and Research Section of Clinical Nursing, Emergency Department, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuwen Chen
- Teaching and Research Section of Clinical Nursing, Department of Operating Room, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China,International Joint Research Center of Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Technology Equipment & Standards, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Yao Xiao; Xiuwen Chen, Email ;
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Lai L, Tong J, Xiang YT, Zhang L, Ren Z. Mental health concerns and network structures of psychological helpline help-seekers during the COVID-19 pandemic in China: Pandemic stage differences. J Affect Disord 2023; 323:444-451. [PMID: 36435401 PMCID: PMC9683523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to investigate the pandemic stage differences of mental health helpline help-seekers emotional responses, psychiatric symptoms, and related network structures during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. METHODS The data was collected by a large-scale psychological helpline in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China. Counselor-reported information about the help-seekers pandemic-related emotional responses and psychiatric symptoms were recorded. A total of 26,870 callers' data from February 28, 2020, to April 23, 2021, were collected in the present study. A linear probability model and network analysis were conducted to determine the differences in help-seekers mental health concerns and network structures between the pandemic (stage I, from February 28, 2020, to April 28, 2020, N = 9821) and the regular prevention and control period (stage II, from April 29, 2020, to April 23, 2021, N = 17,049). RESULTS Results revealed that anger, sadness, and obsession symptoms increased in stage II while symptoms of anxiety, somatization, and feelings of fear and stress were relieved. The network analysis results demonstrated both stage I and II networks centered on anxiety firmly. In stage II, the connection between anxiety and hypochondria and fear's strength centrality descended significantly. LIMITATIONS The mental health outcomes of callers only included the counselor-reported data. CONCLUSIONS The mental health concerns of helpline callers showed pandemic-related stage differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizu Lai
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent CyberPsychology and Behavior(CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, China
| | - Jingqiang Tong
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent CyberPsychology and Behavior(CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, China
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao; Center for Cognition and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent CyberPsychology and Behavior(CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhihong Ren
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent CyberPsychology and Behavior(CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, China.
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12
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Kastner U, Javaheripour N, Arand J, Schönherr D, Sobanski T, Fehler S, Walter M, Wagner G. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide attempts in a rural region in Germany, a 5-year observational study. J Affect Disord 2022; 318:393-399. [PMID: 36113687 PMCID: PMC9472680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic and public life restrictions may have a negative impact on people's mental health. Therefore, we analyzed whether this condition affected the occurrence of suicide attempts (SA) over 20 months during the pandemic period. METHODS We included patient records according to DSM-5 criteria for suicidal behavior disorders (n = 825) between Jan 1, 2017, and Dec 31, 2021. We applied interrupted time-series Poisson regression models to investigate the effect of the pandemic on SA occurrence, time trends, and seasonal patterns in the whole group of patients as well as stratified by age and gender. RESULTS There was no significant effect of the pandemic on the occurrence of SA in the overall group. However, we observed a significant impact of the pandemic on the seasonal pattern of SA, also the variance differed significantly (pre-pandemic mean ± variance: 13.33 ± 15.75, pandemic: mean ± variance: 13.86 ± 7.26), indicating less periodic variation in SA during the pandemic. Male patients and young adults mainly contributed to this overall effect. Subgroup analysis revealed a significant difference in SA trends during the pandemic in older adults (>55 years) compared with younger adults (18-35 years); SA numbers increased in older adults and decreased in younger adults as the pandemic progressed. LIMITATIONS A few patients may have received initial care in an emergency department after SA without being referred to psychiatry. CONCLUSIONS In general, the COVID-19 pandemic and related measures did not significantly affect the occurrence of SA but did significantly affect the dynamics. In addition, the pandemic appeared to affect suicidal behavior differently across age groups as it progressed. Particularly for the older adult group, negative long-term effects of the pandemic on suicidal behavior can be derived from the present results, indicating the need to strengthen suicide prevention for the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- U.W. Kastner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Helios Fachkliniken Hildburghausen, Eisfelder Str.41, 98646 Hildburghausen, Germany,Correspondence to: U.W. Kastner, Helios Fachkliniken Hildburghausen, Eisfelder Str.41, 98646 Hildburghausen, Germany
| | - N. Javaheripour
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - J. Arand
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Helios Fachkliniken Hildburghausen, Eisfelder Str.41, 98646 Hildburghausen, Germany
| | - D. Schönherr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Helios Fachkliniken Hildburghausen, Eisfelder Str.41, 98646 Hildburghausen, Germany
| | - T. Sobanski
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatic Medicine, Thueringen-Kliniken GmbH, 07318 Saalfeld, Germany
| | - S.W. Fehler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Helios Fachkliniken Hildburghausen, Eisfelder Str.41, 98646 Hildburghausen, Germany
| | - M. Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - G. Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany,Correspondence to: G. Wagner, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Philosophenweg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
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13
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Procentese F, Gatti F. Environmental mastery and purpose of life during COVID-19-related lockdown: A study deepening the role of personal and community resilience. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 33:CASP2671. [PMID: 36718476 PMCID: PMC9877807 DOI: 10.1002/casp.2671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 outbreak and the measures needed to contain its first wave of contagion produced broad changes in citizens' daily lives, routines, and social opportunities, putting their environmental mastery and purpose of life at risk. However, these measures produced different impacts across citizens and communities. Building on this, the present study addresses citizens' understanding of the rationale for COVID-19-related protective measures and their perception of their own and their community's resilience as protective dimensions to unravel the selective effect of nationwide lockdown orders. An online questionnaire was administered to Italian citizens during Italian nationwide lockdown. Two moderation models were performed using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) path analysis. The results show that the understanding of the rationale for lockdown only associated with citizens' purpose of life and that it represented a risk factor rather than a protective one. Furthermore, the interaction effects were significant only when community resilience was involved. That is, personal resilience did not show the expected moderation effect, while community resilience did. However, the latter varied between being either full or partial depending on the dependent variable. In light of the above, the theoretical and practical implications of these results will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flora Gatti
- Department of HumanitiesUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
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14
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Kimhi S, Marciano H, Eshel Y, Adini B. Do we cope similarly with different adversities? COVID-19 versus armed conflict. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2151. [PMID: 36419033 PMCID: PMC9684926 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14572-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Varied populations may react differently to similar crises, depending on their social, cultural, and personal backgrounds; conversely, the same populations may respond differently to varied adversities. The current study aimed to examine three types of resilience (individual, community, and societal resilience) predicting six coping mechanisms (sense of danger, anxiety and depressive symptoms, well-being, hope, and morale) among the same sample of people that faced across two different adversities-COVID-19 and an armed conflict. METHODS Two repeated measurements of the same Israeli sample (N = 593) were employed, through an internet panel. The research variables were examined through a structured, quantitative questionnaire that consisted of nine scales, based on validated and reliable questionnaires. RESULTS Results indicated that: (a) respondents reported more difficulties in coping with the COVID-19 crisis, compared to the armed conflict, in all variables but morale. (b) similar patterns of correlations among the study variables were found in both measurements. (c) path's analysis indicated similar patterns of prediction of distress and well-being by individual and societal resilience. Use of the coping mechanism varied depending on the perception of the threat: COVID -19 is perceived as a less familiar and predictable adversity, which is harder to cope with, compared with the more familiar risk - an armed conflict, which is a recurrent threat in Israel. The correlations between the investigated psychological responses and the impacts of resilience on the coping and distress mechanism were similar in both adversities. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that respondents tend to react in a similar pattern of associations among resilience, distress, and well-being across different adversities, such as COVID and armed conflict. However, individuals tend to regard unfamiliar, less predictable adversities as more complex to cope with, compared to better-known crises. Furthermore, respondents tend to underestimate the risks of potential familiar adversities. Healthcare professionals must be aware of and understand the coping mechanisms of individuals during adversities, to appropriately design policies for the provision of medical and psychological care during varied emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaul Kimhi
- grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546ResWell Research Collaboration, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel ,grid.443193.80000 0001 2107 842XStress and Resilience Research Center, Tel-Hai College, Tel–Hai, Israel
| | - Hadas Marciano
- grid.443193.80000 0001 2107 842XStress and Resilience Research Center, Tel-Hai College, Tel–Hai, Israel ,grid.18098.380000 0004 1937 0562The Institute of Information Processing and Decision Making, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yohanan Eshel
- grid.443193.80000 0001 2107 842XStress and Resilience Research Center, Tel-Hai College, Tel–Hai, Israel ,grid.18098.380000 0004 1937 0562The Psychology Department, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Bruria Adini
- grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546ResWell Research Collaboration, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel ,grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546Department of Emergency and Disaster Management, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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15
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Zhai K, Yuan X, Zhao G. The impact of major public health emergencies on Trust in Government: From SARS to COVID-19. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1030125. [DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1030125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Major public health emergencies always test the credibility of the government. The success of governments’ strategies relies on trust in government and broad acceptance of response measures. The profound experience of the epidemic often has a long-term impact on people’s cognition. We construct a difference-in-difference estimator by combining the variations of epidemic effects across cohorts and regions, and intend to evaluate the long-term effect of individuals’ early SARS experience on trust in government during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also use the instrumental variable method to overcome the endogenous problem caused by two-way causality. The results show that the impact of COVID-19 has significantly reduced trust in government of the groups who had not been exposed to the SARS epidemic (including groups who were in early childhood and the unborn during the SARS outbreak). While it has a positive impact on trust in government of people experienced SARS in adolescence, and only a little negative impact on trust in government of people experienced SARS in adulthood. We also find that the impact of COVID-19 mainly reduced the trust in government among groups socially vulnerable or without SARS experience (e.g., low income, low social status etc.). The results suggest that: (a) the trust created by governments’ successful anti-epidemic measures is long-lasting; (b) governments should pay more attention to their trust among socially vulnerable groups.
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16
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Park YJ, Jung YE, Kim MD, Bahk WM. COVID-19-Related Functional Impairment in a Community Sample of Korean Adults: Associations With Depression, COVID-19 Infection Fear, and Resilience. Psychiatry Investig 2022; 19:919-926. [PMID: 36444155 PMCID: PMC9708862 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2022.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the effects of depression, COVID-19 infection fear, and resilience on COVID-19-related functional impairment. METHODS We obtained data from 476 community-dwelling adults aged 20-69 years living in Jeju, South Korea, and evaluated the relationships between COVID-19-related functional impairment (work/school, social, and home life) and sociodemographic and healthrelated characteristics, COVID-19-related life changes (financial difficulties since the pandemic, employment change, interpersonal conflict), and clinical characteristics, including depression, COVID-19 infection fear, and resilience. RESULTS Functional impairment in the home life domain was associated with marital status and monthly income. Greater work/school, social, and home life functional impairment was significantly associated with all COVID-19-related life changes. Regression analysis indicated that resilience modulated the positive associations of COVID-19-related functional impairment with symptoms of depression and COVID-19 infection fear when relevant factors were controlled for. CONCLUSION Our results suggest the importance of clinical characteristics, including depression, COVID-19 infection fear, and resilience for understanding functional impairment related to COVID-19. These results have important implications for interventions aimed at reducing depression and COVID-19 infection fear, and enhancing resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ju Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eun Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Doo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Myong Bahk
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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17
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Gilbar O, Gelkopf M, Greene T. Perceived stress during COVID-19: Community resilience three years before the pandemic as a protective factor. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION : IJDRR 2022; 82:103337. [PMID: 36213695 PMCID: PMC9529673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Research indicates that stress increased across the globe after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Community resilience has been suggested as a central protective factor for stress related to disasters and emergency crises. This study examined the contribution of community resilience reported three years prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, together with related worries and personal risk factors, to perceived stress among Israeli adults following the first wave of COVID-19 in Israel. We performed a two-period 3-year longitudinal study (Period 1 [P1]: July-September 2017; Period 2: [P2] May-June 2020). The final sample included 578 participants. Participants completed a community resilience self-report questionnaire during P1 as well as measures regarding perceived stress and COVID-19 worries during P2. Using linear hierarchical regression, we tested the additional explanatory effect of community resilience and found it to be negatively associated with perceived stress. While health-related worries were not significantly associated with perceived stress, worries related to the functioning of governmental and health institutions regarding the COVID-19 pandemic were significantly associated with perceived stress. Additionally, being single, living in a smaller residence and income reduction during the pandemic predicted higher perceived stress. The current study highlights the potential buffering role of community resilience in protecting against COVID-19 stress. Assessing community resilience may help identify vulnerable groups, and focusing on community building may be an effective strategy to mitigate stress in future disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohad Gilbar
- University of Haifa, Department of Community Mental Health, Israel
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, School of Social Work, Israel
| | - Marc Gelkopf
- University of Haifa, Department of Community Mental Health, Israel
| | - Talya Greene
- University of Haifa, Department of Community Mental Health, Israel
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18
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de Vries JH, Horstmann KT, Mussel P. Trajectories in life satisfaction before and during COVID-19 with respect to perceived valence and self-efficacy. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-17. [PMID: 36248219 PMCID: PMC9554389 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03829-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Actions taken by governments to counteract the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic led to profound restrictions in daily lives, especially for adolescents and young adults, with closed schools and universities, travel restrictions, and reduction in social contacts. The purpose of the current study is to investigate the development of life satisfaction with assessments before and during the pandemic, including separate measurement occasions during a strict lockdown and when the implemented restrictions were relaxed again. Data are based on the German Personality Panel (GePP) with 1,920 young adults, assessed on four measurement occasions over a period of three years. Using latent change score modeling, we investigate the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic with respect to its perception as a critical life event over time. Further, we examine the influence of self-efficacy on change in life-satisfaction, as the belief in one's innate abilities has been shown to promote health related behavior and buffers against effects of negatively perceived critical life events. While average life satisfaction remained stable across time, we found a main effect of perceived positive valence and self-efficacy on latent change in life satisfaction at the within person level. Expressions of self-efficacy did not moderate the influence of the perception of the pandemic on self-reported life satisfaction. This study provides an important contribution to the recent COVID-19 literature as well as to the debate on stability and change of self-reported life satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jantje H. de Vries
- Division for Personality Psychology and Psychological Assessment, Institute of Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - K. T. Horstmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - P. Mussel
- Division for Personality Psychology and Psychological Assessment, Institute of Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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19
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Suleimany M, Mokhtarzadeh S, Sharifi A. Community resilience to pandemics: An assessment framework developed based on the review of COVID-19 literature. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION : IJDRR 2022; 80:103248. [PMID: 35991617 PMCID: PMC9375855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak in 2019 and the challenges it posed to communities around the world, demonstrated the necessity of enhancing the resilience of communities to pandemics. In this regard, assessment frameworks can play an essential role and guide resilience-building efforts. However, the lack of a comprehensive assessment framework has led to a focus on sectoral evaluation. This study aims to propose an integrated framework for assessing the pandemic resilience of communities. For this purpose, we rely on a systematic review of literature indexed in major academic databases. We have thoroughly analyzed a total number of 115 related documents to extract relevant criteria. Findings show that many criteria and factors affect community resilience to pandemics. By inductive content coding in MAXQDA software, we have categorized these criteria into five dimensions of Institutional, Social, Economic, Infrastructural, and Demographic. Good leadership and management, insurance and governmental support, planning and preparation, expertise and labor, and available equipment and technologies are the most important institutional criteria. Communication and collective identity, mutual support, public safety and protection, public awareness, and social justice are the influential social criteria. Economic sustainability and resource availability are criteria of economic resilience. Sufficiency of services, public spaces, housing tenure, and transportation system are the main criteria related to the built environment and infrastructural dimension. Finally, demographic resilience includes physical health, psychological well-being, life quality, and hygiene. Based on these criteria, this study develops an integrated evaluation framework that researchers can implement along with conventional assessment and ranking methods to determine the level of community resilience to pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Suleimany
- Urban Planning and Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Safoora Mokhtarzadeh
- Department of Urbanism, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism. Daneshpajoohan Pishro Institute, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ayyoob Sharifi
- Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Humanities and Social Science, Japan
- Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Advances Science and Engineering, Japan
- Network for Education and Research on Peace and Sustainability (NERPS), Japan
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20
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Procentese F, Gatti F, Rochira A, Tzankova I, Di Napoli I, Albanesi C, Aresi G, Compare C, Fedi A, Gattino S, Guarino A, Marta E, Marzana D. The selective effect of lockdown experience on citizens' perspectives: A multilevel, multiple informant approach to personal and community resilience during COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 33:CASP2651. [PMID: 36249596 PMCID: PMC9538720 DOI: 10.1002/casp.2651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the face of the first wave of COVID-19 contagion, citizens all over the world experienced concerns for their safety and health, as well as prolonged lockdowns - which brought about limitations but also unforeseen opportunities for personal growth. Broad variability in these psychological responses to such unprecedented experiences emerged. This study addresses this variability by investigating the role of personal and community resilience. Personal resilience, collective resilience, community disaster management ability, provided information by local authorities, and citizens' focus on COVID-19-related personal concerns and lockdown-related opportunities for personal growth were detected through an online questionnaire. Multilevel modelling was run with data from 3,745 Italian citizens. The potential of personal resilience as a driver for individuals to overcome adverse situations with positive outcomes was confirmed. Differently, the components of community resilience showed more complex paths, highlighting the need to pay more attention to its role in the face of far-reaching adverse events which hardly test individuals' as well as communities' adaptability and agency skills. The complexities linked to the multi-component and system-specific nature of resilience, as well as potential paths towards making the most out of citizens' and communities' ones, emerge. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flora Gatti
- Department of HumanitiesUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Alessia Rochira
- Department of History, Society and Human StudiesUniversity of SalentoLecceItaly
| | - Iana Tzankova
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of BolognaCesenaItaly
| | | | | | - Giovanni Aresi
- Psychology DepartmentUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreMilanItaly
- CERISVICO Research Centre on Community Development and Organisational Quality of LifeBresciaItaly
| | | | - Angela Fedi
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | | | | | - Elena Marta
- Psychology DepartmentUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreMilanItaly
- CERISVICO Research Centre on Community Development and Organisational Quality of LifeBresciaItaly
| | - Daniela Marzana
- Psychology DepartmentUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreMilanItaly
- CERISVICO Research Centre on Community Development and Organisational Quality of LifeBresciaItaly
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21
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Longsheng C, Shah SAA. Smarter and Greener Cities After COVID-19: An Integrated Decision-Making Framework to Prioritize Investment Alternatives. ADVANCED SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS 2022; 6:2200166. [PMID: 35942083 PMCID: PMC9350289 DOI: 10.1002/adsu.202200166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Locking down cities to curb the transmission of coronavirus brought the global economy to a grinding halt. Cities are like engines of growth; when they stop, so does the growth. Therefore, it becomes paramount to build cities that continue to function and do not collapse amidst any crisis. Since economic recovery is underway, this paper examines priority areas for investment to expedite recovery and build back stronger cities. These areas are evaluated based on their contribution to revitalizing public health, economic, social, energy, and environmental sectors. For the analysis, analytical network process (ANP) and fuzzy-VIKOR are applied. ANP obtains the relative importance of sectors and their respective critical factors after solving a complex relationship among them. The economic sector has the highest weight of 25.8% among the five sectors, while job creation has the highest weight of 10.3% among the fifteen factors. Fuzzy-VIKOR is used to evaluate different areas and it is found that renewable energy has a greater contribution to the sustainable recovery of major sectors and the long-term aim of building inclusive green and resilient cities. These insights shall contribute to the conversations already ongoing among city governments, urban planners, civil society organizations, and city dwellers seeking practical solutions to unprecedented challenges posed by the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Longsheng
- School of Economics and ManagementNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing210094China
| | - Syed Ahsan Ali Shah
- School of Economics and ManagementNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing210094China
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22
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Han R, Xu J. How Social Media Influences Public Attitudes to COVID-19 Governance Policy: An Analysis Based on Cognitive-Affective Model. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:2083-2095. [PMID: 35975197 PMCID: PMC9375983 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s371551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Based on the cognitive-affective model, this paper examines how social media affects the public cognitive and affective factors, further influence their attitudes towards COVID-19 governance policy. Methods Through an online survey, we measured individual COVID-19 policy attitude, social media use and other related factors of 1222 respondents from 12 countries, and based on this, we carried out regression and mediation analysis on the data to obtain the research results. Results From the perspective of cognitive factors, the public perception of the severity of the COVID-19 itself does not significantly affect their attitudes towards governance policy. On the contrary, the evaluation on government governance performance, risks and governance anticipations have more significant impacts. Among the affective factors, personal anxiety and patriotism significantly affect the formation of public attitudes, personal anxiety is positively correlated, and patriotism is negatively correlated. It is important to note that nationalism has no significant influence on public attitudes to COVID-19 policy on a global scale. Conclusion (1) Social media influences the public COVID-19 policy attitudes through their moderating effect on affective and cognitive factors. (2) The impact of social media on affective pathways is more significant than that on cognitive pathways. (3) The positive moderating effect of social media on patriotism obscures the tendency of strict governance of COVID-19 caused by aggravating people’s anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Han
- School of Media and Communication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Cultural Innovation and Youth Development, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Xu
- School of Media and Communication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Cultural Innovation and Youth Development, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.,Institute for Urban Governance, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200052, People's Republic of China
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23
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Cui P, Liu Y, Ju X, Gu T. Key Influencing Factors and Optimization Strategy of Epidemic Resilience in Urban Communities-A Case Study of Nanjing, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9993. [PMID: 36011626 PMCID: PMC9408670 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has posed a significantly severe impact on both people’s lives and the global economic development. Increasing the community epidemic resilience will considerably improve the national public health emergency response capacity from bottom to top. This study identifies the influencing factors of community epidemic resilience through systematic literature review under the 4R framework, then obtains the relationships of influencing factors through Interpretive structural model, and finally assesses the performance of epidemic resilience using PROMETHEE II method through empirical cases in Nanjing, China. The results show that: (1) Eight factors influencing the epidemic resilience of community are identified, and the economic level plays the root role; (2) Community epidemic resilience can be improved from robustness, rapidity, redundancy and resourcefulness aspects; (3) Through the empirical analysis, the epidemic resilience ranking of community can be displayed (Community D > T > S > F); (4) Additionally, the performance and sensitivity analysis of influencing factors in each community can be demonstrated. (5) Finally, four implications are proposed, namely, allocating public resources rationally, significantly increasing the economic level, ensuring the accuracy of information delivery and conducting disaster learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cui
- Department of Engineering Management, School of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Engineering Management, School of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xuan Ju
- Department of Engineering Management, School of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Tiantian Gu
- Department of Engineering Management, School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
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Rana A, Mukherjee T, Adak S. Mobility patterns and COVID growth: Moderating role of country culture. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTERCULTURAL RELATIONS : IJIR 2022; 89:124-151. [PMID: 35761827 PMCID: PMC9220803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in countries reacting differently to an ongoing crisis situation. Latent to this reaction mechanism is the inherent cultural characteristics of each society resulting in differential responses to epidemic spread. Epidemiological studies have confirmed the positive effect of population mobility on the growth of infection. However, the effect of culture on indigenous mobility patterns during pandemics needs further investigation. This study aims to bridge this gap by exploring the moderating role of country culture on the relationship between population mobility and growth of CoVID-19. Hofstede's cultural factors; power distance, individualism/collectivism, masculinity/femininity, uncertainty avoidance, long-term and short-term orientation are hypothesised to moderate the effect of mobility on the reproduction number (R) of COVID-19. Panel regression model, using mobility data and number of confirmed cases across 95 countries for a period of 170 days has been preferred to test the hypotheses. The results are further substantiated using slope analysis and Johnson-Neyman technique. The findings suggest that as power distance, individualism and long-term orientation scores increase, the impact of mobility on epidemic growth decreases. However, masculinity scores in a society have an opposite moderating impact on epidemic growth rate. These Hofstede factors act as quasi moderators affecting mobility and epidemic growth. Similar conclusions could be not be confirmed for uncertainty avoidance. Cross-cultural impact, as elucidated by this study, forms a crucial element in policy formulation on epidemic control by indigenous Governing bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunima Rana
- Indian Institute of Foreign Trade (IIFT), New Delhi, India
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Hassan-Abbas NM. Resilience and Risk Factors Predict Family Stress Among Married Palestinians in Israel During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychol 2022; 13:913330. [PMID: 35814105 PMCID: PMC9263590 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.913330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined effects of sociodemographic, risk, and resilience factors on marital, parental, and financial stress early in the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 480 married Palestinians living in Israel, using self-report questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and bivariate correlations were computed. Then, hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to predict each of the three stress measures. Finally, dominance analyses were conducted to compare the contributions of sociodemographic, risk, and resilience factors. The results showed considerable differences between predictors of marital and parental stress and predictors of financial stress. For marital and parental stress, resilience factors mainly family resilience were the strongest predictors, followed by risk factors and then sociodemographic characteristics. For financial stress, risk factors (mainly financial damage and prior stressful life events) were the strongest predictors, followed by sociodemographic characteristics and resilience factors (mainly individual resilience). These results suggest that family and individual resilience reduce marital and parental stress under difficult conditions, including the COVID-19 pandemic. Though resilience has been found to ameliorate financial stress to some extent, it appears that other measures are required to manage stress related to financial difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niveen M. Hassan-Abbas
- Department of Special Education and Psychology, Department of Behavioral Sciences, Zefat Academic College, Safed, Israel
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Bichkoff H, Huerta Niño R, Hemmerling A, Ho K, Huancas CG, Burke A, Guzman V, Allen R, Coe L, Salazar E, Wong M. Recovery and Resilience in the Canal Community: Economic Impacts and Solutions During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2022; 10:1234-1258. [PMID: 35606617 PMCID: PMC9126107 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01310-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public health pandemics, such as COVID-19, not only impact the physical health and wellbeing of communities but also often have far-reaching effects on their social, psychological, environmental, and economic welfare. The coronavirus pandemic has highlighted the significant inequities experienced among those who are Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC), especially in the areas of housing instability, unemployment, and debt accrual. This study investigates the socioeconomic impacts of COVID-19 on residents of the Canal neighborhood ("The Canal"), a low-income Latinx community in Marin County, California. This study also uplifts mitigation strategies already underway to facilitate post-pandemic recovery efforts. METHODS This study utilized a mixed-methods, community participatory approach in which community leaders from a local nonprofit, Canal Alliance, administered a survey assessing the impact of COVID-19 on Canal residents. Additionally, community stakeholders including nonprofits, small businesses, and public officials were interviewed, and their field notes were analyzed through exploratory open coding. RESULTS On a macro level, the data showed that Canal residents were severely impacted by COVID-19 in the form of massive job loss (61.2% of respondents were unemployed or underemployed) as well as financial stress related to eviction, housing instability, and debt accrual (78.8% of respondents struggled to cover rent and often had to borrow money from friends and family). CONCLUSIONS In spite of the severe socioeconomic impacts of COVID-19 on The Canal, there is a significant opportunity for recovery and growth because of an overwhelming investment by residents, community-based organizations, and public officials to support those who have been financially impacted by the pandemic. Some key areas of policy focus include expansion of affordable housing, pandemic-resistant workforce development, and restructuring of social services to increase accessibility. This report will explore recommendations related to strategic funding of community-based programs as well as short-term and long-term solutions for economic recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Bichkoff
- UC Berkeley School of Public Health, Interdisciplinary Program, Berkeley, USA.
| | - Ricardo Huerta Niño
- UC Berkeley School of Public Health, Interdisciplinary Program, Berkeley, USA
| | - Anke Hemmerling
- UC Berkeley School of Public Health, Interdisciplinary Program, Berkeley, USA
| | - Kathy Ho
- UC Berkeley School of Public Health, Interdisciplinary Program, Berkeley, USA
| | | | - Analisa Burke
- UC Berkeley School of Public Health, Interdisciplinary Program, Berkeley, USA
| | - Veronica Guzman
- UC Berkeley School of Public Health, Interdisciplinary Program, Berkeley, USA
| | - Ryan Allen
- UC Berkeley School of Public Health, Interdisciplinary Program, Berkeley, USA
| | - Lesley Coe
- UC Berkeley School of Public Health, Interdisciplinary Program, Berkeley, USA
| | - Esteban Salazar
- UC Berkeley School of Public Health, Interdisciplinary Program, Berkeley, USA
| | - Michelle Wong
- UC Berkeley School of Public Health, Interdisciplinary Program, Berkeley, USA
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Chen Z, Zhu W, Feng H, Luo H. Changes in Corporate Social Responsibility Efficiency in Chinese Food Industry Brought by COVID-19 Pandemic—A Study With the Super-Efficiency DEA-Malmquist-Tobit Model. Front Public Health 2022; 10:875030. [PMID: 35615039 PMCID: PMC9124838 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.875030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has brought about a significant and far-reaching impact on the world's business environment, corporations, and individuals. In the face of the general shortage of funds caused by the pandemic, assuming corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a problem for every enterprise manager. In the recent years, as corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become a hot topic globally, many enterprises have chosen to incorporate social responsibility into their development strategies. The food industry is a basic industry related to people's livelihood, especially in the pandemic. Its social responsibility efficiency deserves our attention. This article takes 17 sample enterprises whose CSR performance between 2012 and 2020 in China and reports are above the industry level as examples. Constructing the super-efficiency data envelopment analysis (DEA)-Malmquist-Tobit model explores the social responsibility efficiency of these enterprises. It analyzes the pandemic's impact on CSR efficiency. The results show that COVID-19 has promoted the social responsibility efficiency of the sample enterprises in the food industry. Besides, the level of technical efficiency and technological progress in the food industry is relatively high. Still, most enterprises are below the industry's average level. Before the outbreak of the pandemic, the size of enterprises is the key factor affecting the efficiency of CSR. After then, the listing years of enterprises then become the key factor.
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Are Personal Resources and Perceived Stress Associated with Psychological Outcomes among Israeli Teachers during the Third COVID-19 Lockdown? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095634. [PMID: 35565027 PMCID: PMC9099812 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Teachers’ psychological responses during a pandemic, such as COVID-19, play an important role in their adaptation to the new routine. This research aimed to explore the association between personal resources (sense of control, social support), perceived stress, and three psychological outcomes (resilience, depression, loneliness) among teachers during the third COVID-19 lockdown in Israel. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 208 teachers. Significant associations were found between perceived stress, resilience, depression, and loneliness. Sense of control was significantly associated with perceived social support. The research model was tested using Structural Equation Modeling. The model yielded appropriate indices of fit (χ2(10) = 10.31, χ2/df = 1.03, p = 0.413, NFI = 0.970, NNFI = 0.997, CFI = 0.999, RMSEA = 0.012, 95%CI RMSEA = 0.077), demonstrating that the model fits the data well. Findings suggest that in order to improve teachers’ psychological health during a virus outbreak, it is recommended to pay attention to their personal resources and perceived stress.
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Wang F, Fang Y, Deng H, Wei F. How community medical facilities can promote resilient community constructions under the background of pandemics. INDOOR + BUILT ENVIRONMENT : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT 2022; 31:1018-1027. [PMID: 35431637 PMCID: PMC9002296 DOI: 10.1177/1420326x211048537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, urban and community resilience have become the core issues of urban theoretical research and construction practices. While there are many studies on climate change, natural hazards and environmental pollution, relatively less attention has been paid to public and human health. However, the current COVID-19 pandemic, which is a major global public health crisis, is posing severe challenges to the resilience of cities and communities in the context of high-mobility, high-density and high-intensity, as well as expands the connotation of community resilience to public health. To compensate for the lack of current research, this study examined the characteristics of community medical facilities in response to pandemics at urban, community and individual multi-spatial scales based on a thorough review of current research and relevant practice. It also emphasized the significant role played by community medical facilities in improving resilient community constructions in the face of large-scale public health emergencies. These characteristics were fully utilized to explore ways to build and govern the 'resilience' of communities in the future, help people to survive better as well as develop in complex and changeable external environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- NSFC-DFG Sino-German Cooperation Group on Urbanization and Locality (UAL), Peking University, College of Architecture and Landscape, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China institution-id-type="Ringgold" />
| | - Yuanyang Fang
- NSFC-DFG Sino-German Cooperation Group on Urbanization and Locality (UAL), Peking University, College of Architecture and Landscape, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China institution-id-type="Ringgold" />
| | - Handuo Deng
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fangzhen Wei
- Peking University Hospital, Peking University, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China
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Nikopoulou VA, Gliatas I, Blekas A, Parlapani E, Holeva V, Tsipropoulou V, Karamouzi P, Godosidis A, Diakogiannis I. Uncertainty, Stress, and Resilience During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Greece. J Nerv Ment Dis 2022; 210:249-256. [PMID: 35349504 PMCID: PMC8963442 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The COVID-19 outbreak imposed stress worldwide, as daily routine changed almost overnight, with no time to prepare. A pandemic like this may trigger a chain reaction starting out as surprise, continuing to uncertainty and ending up either in adaptation or in symptoms of fear, anxiety, and/or depression. Resilience on the other hand could lessen anxiety and prove to be a prophylactic coping mechanism against distress. This study explored peritraumatic distress, intolerance of uncertainty (IU), and resilient coping in a sample of 2717 adults who voluntarily and anonymously participated in an online survey conducted in April 2020, in Greece.Results indicated a moderate pandemic-related mental burden and medium resilient coping and designated IU as a significant positive predictor of peritraumatic distress; resilient coping proved to be a significant moderator that alters the strength of the association between IU and distress reactions.
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31
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To QG, Vandelanotte C, Cope K, Khalesi S, Williams SL, Alley SJ, Thwaite TL, Fenning AS, Stanton R. The association of resilience with depression, anxiety, stress and physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:491. [PMID: 35279118 PMCID: PMC8917786 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12911-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 has resulted in substantial global upheaval. Resilience is important in protecting wellbeing, however few studies have investigated changes in resilience over time, and associations between resilience with depression, anxiety, stress, and physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Online surveys were conducted to collect both longitudinal and cross-sectional data at three time points during 2020. Australian adults aged 18 years and over were invited to complete the online surveys. Measures include the six-item Brief Resilience Scale, the 21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, and the Active Australia Survey which have eight items identifying the duration and frequency of walking, and moderate and vigorous physical activities (MVPA), over the past 7 days. General linear mixed models and general linear models were used in the analysis. Results In the longitudinal sample, adjusted differences (aDif) in resilience scores did not significantly change over time (time 2 vs. time 1 [aDif = − 0.02, 95% CI = − 0.08, 0.03], and time 3 vs. time 1 [aDif = < 0.01, 95% CI = − 0.07, 0.06]). On average, those engaging in at least 150 min of MVPA per week (aDif = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.04, 0.16), and having depression (aDif = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.33), anxiety (aDif = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.26, 0.41), and stress scores (aDif = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.23, 0.37) within the normal range had significantly higher resilience scores. The association between resilience and physical activity was independent of depression, anxiety, and stress levels. All results were similar for the cross-sectional sample. Conclusions Resilience scores did not change significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there were significant associations between resilience with physical activity and psychological distress. This research helps inform future interventions to enhance or nurture resilience, particularly targeted at people identified as at risk of psychological distress.
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Aruta JJBR, Callueng C, Antazo BG, Ballada CJA. The mediating role of psychological distress on the link between socio-ecological factors and quality of life of Filipino adults during COVID-19 crisis. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 50:712-726. [PMID: 34260751 PMCID: PMC8426953 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Anchored on the Ecological Systems Theory, this study aimed to determine how psychological distress operates as an underlying mechanism in the impact of socio-ecological factors on the quality of life of Filipino adults during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted to assess perceptions of 401 adults on socio-ecological factors (i.e., safety at home, trust in public institutions, and financial difficulties), psychological distress, and quality of life during the early phase of COVID-19 community quarantine in the Philippines. Using latent variable path analysis, all three socio-ecological factors have significant direct effects on both psychological distress and quality of life. More importantly, the proposed model was confirmed in terms of a significant partial mediation of psychological distress on the impact of safety at home, trust in public institutions, and financial difficulties on the quality of life of Filipino adults. The study offers novel insights into the role of psychological distress as an underlying mechanism that operates on the influence of socio-ecological factors on the quality of life of adults during a global health crisis. Implications on psychological interventions and policies in preventing mental health problems vis-à-vis improving Filipinos' quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Jamir Benzon R. Aruta
- Counseling and Educational Psychology Department, Br. Andrew Gonzalez FSC College of EducationDe La Salle UniversityManilaPhilippines
| | | | - Benedict G. Antazo
- Department of PsychologyJose Rizal UniversityMandaluyong CityNational Capital RegionPhilippines
| | - Christine Joy A. Ballada
- Counseling and Educational Psychology Department, Br. Andrew Gonzalez FSC College of EducationDe La Salle UniversityManilaPhilippines
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Marciano H, Eshel Y, Kimhi S, Adini B. Hope and Fear of Threats as Predictors of Coping with Two Major Adversities, the COVID-19 Pandemic and an Armed Conflict. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031123. [PMID: 35162144 PMCID: PMC8834741 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Coping with adversities has been explained by two major theories: the fear appeal theory and the hope theory. The predictability of hope with that of fear of threats as variables explaining coping with two major adversities, the COVID-19 pandemic and an armed conflict, was compared. Participants were approached via an internet panel company in two different times: (1) January 2021 (N = 699; age range: 18–82; 330 women), during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel and (2) May 2021 (N = 647; age range: 19–83; 297 women), during an armed conflict between Israel and Hamas. Participants self-reported on hope, four perceived threats (health, economics, security, and political), well-being, individual resilience, societal resilience, and distress symptoms (anxiety and depression symptoms) were collected. Hope was found as a more consistent and stronger predictor of the following expressions of coping: well-being, individual and societal resilience, depression, and anxiety. It can be concluded that hope is a better and more consistent predictor of coping, as well as coping suppressing expressions, compared with fear of threats, in the face of the current adversities. The innovative nature of these findings, the importance of hope as a coping supporter, and the need for replicating these innovative results are discussed and elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadas Marciano
- Stress and Resilience Research Center, Tel-Hai College, Tel Hai 1220800, Israel; (Y.E.); (S.K.)
- The Institute of Information Processing and Decision Making (IIPDM), University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
- Correspondence:
| | - Yohanan Eshel
- Stress and Resilience Research Center, Tel-Hai College, Tel Hai 1220800, Israel; (Y.E.); (S.K.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Shaul Kimhi
- Stress and Resilience Research Center, Tel-Hai College, Tel Hai 1220800, Israel; (Y.E.); (S.K.)
| | - Bruria Adini
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Management, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel;
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Jin SV, Ryu E. "The greedy I that gives"-The paradox of egocentrism and altruism: Terror management and system justification perspectives on the interrelationship between mortality salience and charitable donations amid the COVID-19 pandemic. THE JOURNAL OF CONSUMER AFFAIRS 2022; 56:414-448. [PMID: 34226753 PMCID: PMC8242723 DOI: 10.1111/joca.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Why do people give and help others in face of their own mortality salience? The existential struggle with the awareness of death impacts the gamut of human cognition, emotion, and behavior. This multi-method research (∑N = 1,219) explains the psychosocial impact of COVID-19-related mortality salience on altruism. Drawing from terror management theory, two studies tested death-thought accessibility, mortality salience, and anxiety buffer hypotheses. Study 1 (cross-sectional survey), using structural equation modeling, confirms death anxiety and fear are predictors of powerlessness and materialism which, in turn, predict charitable donations. Study 2 (between-subjects experiment) confirms the causal effects of COVID-19-induced mortality salience on altruism. Controlling income and socioeconomic status, people in the mortality salience treatment condition indicate greater monetary donations ($), ratio of prosocial (altruistic) to proself (egocentric) spending (%), donation of time (hour), monetary valuation of time (hourly rate = $/hour), and economic value of donated time (hourly rate*hour) than the controls. These effects are mediated by powerlessness. Moderating effects of relevant individual difference factors are significant: the greedier, more selfish, narcissistic, materialistic, and system-justifying the donor is, the higher monetary donations, volunteer time, and perceived value of donated time are, only when the COVID-19-induced mortality is made salient but not in the controls. Environmental and dispositional factors jointly influence vulnerability to mortality salience. The paradox of egocentrism and altruism, as an evolutionarily adaptive protective buffer against existential insecurity for social and cultural animals, can help revitalize resilience, thus shedding some lights on the sociopsychological mechanism of consumers' subjective well-being. Implications for consumer affairs, social marketers, and policymakers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Venus Jin
- NU‐Q Communication DepartmentNorthwestern University in QatarEducation CityDohaQatar
| | - Ehri Ryu
- Department of PsychologyBoston CollegeChestnut HillMassachusettsUSA
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Psychological Resilience Moderates the Effect of Perceived Stress on Late-Life Depression in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. TRENDS IN PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [PMCID: PMC8023784 DOI: 10.1007/s43076-021-00073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Yang L, Qi Y, Jiang X. An Investigation of the Initial Recovery Time of Chinese Enterprises Affected by COVID-19 Using an Accelerated Failure Time Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12079. [PMID: 34831837 PMCID: PMC8619245 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 has had a great impact on the economy, society, and people's lives in China and globally. The production and operations of Chinese enterprises have also faced tremendous challenges. To understand the economic impact of COVID-19 on enterprises and the key affecting factors, this study adds to the literature by investigating the business recovery process of enterprises from the micro perspective. Specific attention is paid to the initial stage of business recovery. A questionnaire survey of 750 enterprises explored the impact during the pandemic period from July to September 2020. An accelerated failure time model in survival analysis was adopted to analyze the data. The results show that the manufacturing industry is mainly faced by affecting factors such as enterprise ownership, employees' panic and order cancellation on initial enterprise recovery. As for the non-manufacturing industry, more factors, including clients' distribution, employees' panic, raw material shortage, cash flow shortage and order cancellation, are found to be significant. Acceleration factors that estimate the effects of those covariates on acceleration/deceleration of the recovery time are presented. For instance, the acceleration factor of employees' panic is 1.319 for non-manufacturing, which implies that, compared with enterprises where employees are less panicked, enterprises with employees obviously panicked will recover 1.319 times slower at any quantile of probability of recovery time. This study provides a scientific reference for the post-pandemic recovery of enterprises, and can support the formulation of government policies and enterprise decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xinyu Jiang
- School of Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.Y.); (Y.Q.)
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Lu X, Lin Z. COVID-19, Economic Impact, Mental Health, and Coping Behaviors: A Conceptual Framework and Future Research Directions. Front Psychol 2021; 12:759974. [PMID: 34899503 PMCID: PMC8660126 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.759974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused serious economic and social consequences. Recent research shows that the pandemic has not only caused a physical health crisis but also caused many psychological and mental crises. Based on the contemporary cognitive-behavioral models, this article offers a conceptual analysis of how the pandemic affects individual mental health and coping behaviors from the perspective of individual economic status, individual context, and social context. The analysis shows that (1) the pandemic has led to increased economic uncertainty, increased unemployment and underemployment pressure, increased income uncertainty, and different degrees of employment pressure and economic difficulties; (2) these difficulties have stimulated different levels of mental health problems, ranging from perceived insecurity (environmental, food safety, etc.), worry, fear, to stress, anxiety, depression, etc., and the mental health deterioration varies across different groups, with the symptoms of psychological distress are more obvious among disadvantageous groups; and (3) mental health problems have caused behavior changes, and various stress behaviors such as protective behaviors and resistive behaviors. Future research directions are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Lu
- School of Business Administration, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhibin Lin
- Durham University Business School, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
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38
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Mana A, Catz O, Mana Y, Neuman M, Benheim S, Sagy S. How Do People Cope During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Stay Well? A Salutogenic Longitudinal Study in Israel. Front Psychol 2021; 12:729543. [PMID: 34764914 PMCID: PMC8576467 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.729543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Employing the salutogenic approach, this longitudinal study explored the effects of coping with the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel, as it evolved from an acute to a chronic stress situation, during the first year. We examined the role of individual [sense of coherence (SOC)], social (perceived social support), and national [sense of national coherence (SONC)] coping resources, as well as situational and demographic factors, in predicting mental health and anxiety. Data was collected in five phases between March 2020 and February 2021 via a repeated panel sample and included 198 Jewish Israelis (52% males) age 18-64 (M = 43.5). The results confirmed the expected pattern of moving from acute to chronic stressful situation: levels of general anxiety were higher in the first phase of the pandemic outbreak as compared to the other phases. Levels of social and national coping resources significantly decreased over time. However, as expected, the salutogenic resource of the individual sense of coherence remained stable and was also found as the main predictor of both anxiety and mental health in the 5 phases of the study. Beyond the explanatory factor of SOC, mental health was better explained by the social and national coping resources, while anxiety was explained by situational factors (level of financial risk and gender). The discussion delineates the longitudinal effects of individual, social, and national coping resources on mental health and anxiety during the dynamic process of the long period of 1 year of the pandemic, evolving from acute to chronic phases of the complicated health, economic, social, and political crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Mana
- Department of Behavioral Studies, Peres Academic Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Or Catz
- Department of Psychology, Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Yossi Mana
- Martin Springer Center for Conflict Studies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Moran Neuman
- Martin Springer Center for Conflict Studies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Sharon Benheim
- Martin Springer Center for Conflict Studies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Shifra Sagy
- Martin Springer Center for Conflict Studies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
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Kimhi S, Eshel Y, Marciano H, Adini B. Prediction of Hope and Morale During COVID-19. Front Psychol 2021; 12:739645. [PMID: 34630253 PMCID: PMC8496058 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.739645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study uses a repeated measures design to compare two-time points across the COVID-19 pandemic. The first was conducted at the end of the “first wave” [T1] and the second was carried out on October 12-14 2020 (the last period of the second total general lockdown) in Israel. The participants (N = 805) completed the same questionnaire at both time points. The study examined the predictions of hope and morale at T2 by psychological and demographic predictors at T1. Results indicated the following: (a) The three types of resilience (individual, community, and national) significantly and positively predicted hope and morale. (b) Well-being significantly and positively predicted hope and morale. (c) Younger age significantly and positively predicts higher hope, but not morale. (d) A higher level of religiosity significantly and positively predicts higher hope and morale. (e) More right-wing political attitudes significantly and positively predict higher hope, but not moral. (f) More economic difficulties due to the pandemic, significantly and negatively predict hope and morale. We concluded that hope and morale can serve as significant indicators of the population's ability to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, they can serve as a “thermometer” for the general mood of the population and can be used by decision-makers to assess coping ability at varied stages of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaul Kimhi
- Stress and Resilience Research Center, Tel-Hai College, Tel Hai, Israel
| | - Yohanan Eshel
- Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hadas Marciano
- The Ergonomics and Human Factors Unit, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Bruria Adini
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Management, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Ballada CJA, Aruta JJBR, Callueng CM, Antazo BG, Kimhi S, Reinert M, Eshel Y, Marciano H, Adini B, da Silva JD, Verdu FC. Bouncing back from COVID-19: Individual and ecological factors influence national resilience in adults from Israel, the Philippines, and Brazil. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 32:452-475. [PMID: 34898964 PMCID: PMC8653273 DOI: 10.1002/casp.2569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
One way that countries may differ in responding to the COVID‐19 pandemic is how they withstand extreme adversity while maintaining their societal values and institutions. This study explored national resilience in Israel, the Philippines, and Brazil during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Using Crisis in Context Theory, cross‐national understanding of national resilience was examined by assessing measurement models, exploring country differences in perceptions, and determining its predictors. Data from an internationally diverse sample of 1,587 adults were collected using multiple measures and subsequently subjected to various analytical strategies. Results on the factor structure of NR‐13 demonstrated acceptable fit of both first‐order and higher‐order models for each country, with generally high factor loadings. However, measurement invariance was only supported at the configural level for the first‐order model. Among the three countries, national resilience was highest in Israel, followed by the Philippines, and lowest in Brazil. Taken collectively, both individual and ecological variables contributed a significant variance in national resilience in each country. Community resilience, quality of life, and perceived threats were consistently strong predictors of national resilience across countries. Results are discussed. The Community and Social Impact Statement of the study can be found in the Supplementary Material section.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shaul Kimhi
- Psychology Department Tel-Hai College Tel-Hai Israel
| | - Maurício Reinert
- Department of Management State University of Maringá - UEM - Business School Maringá Brazil
| | - Yohanan Eshel
- Psychology Department Tel-Hai College Tel-Hai Israel.,Psychology Department University of Haifa Haifa Israel
| | - Hadas Marciano
- Psychology Department Tel-Hai College Tel-Hai Israel.,Psychology Department University of Haifa Haifa Israel
| | - Bruria Adini
- Department of Emergency Management and Disaster Management Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
| | | | - Fabiane Cortez Verdu
- Department of Management State University of Maringá - UEM - Business School Maringá Brazil
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Alizadeh H, Sharifi A. Analysis of the state of social resilience among different socio-demographic groups during the COVID- 19 pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION : IJDRR 2021; 64:102514. [PMID: 36570386 PMCID: PMC9766012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study examines social resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic by analyzing the state of selected indicators among different Socio-Demographic Groups (SDGs) in Tehran, the capital city of Iran. Data were collected via a questionnaire survey. The survey was administered between January and April 2021 and the total number of properly completed questionnaires was 786. The findings show that, first, almost all of the Social Resilience Indicators (SRIs) have experienced negative and unfavorable changes during the pandemic in Tehran. This is remarkably the case for social coping style, social capital, social relationship, and social adaptability. Second, no significant difference in the state of SRIs was observed among different SDGs, except for the age group of 17-20, educational groups with diploma and post-diploma education, and the educational occupational group. Third, testing the impact of the state of SRIs on SDGs indicated a positive and statistically significant impact in four paths, namely SRIs with gender, SRIs with age, SRIs with Job, and SRIs with education. Our results can shed more light on SRIs that can be used to measure the state of social resilience in communities affected by the pandemic, like Tehran. They can also provide insights into actions that should be taken by planners and policy makers to enhance resilience in other communities with similar conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Alizadeh
- Geography and Urban Planning, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ayyoob Sharifi
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8530, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8530, Japan
- Network for Education and Research on Peace and Sustainability (NERPS), Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8530, Japan
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Bodas M, Peleg K. Pandemic Fatigue: The Effects Of The COVID-19 Crisis On Public Trust And Compliance With Regulations In Israel. Health Aff (Millwood) 2021; 40:1225-1233. [PMID: 34339236 DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2021.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Social resilience and trust are two major components of the mitigation of the spread of contagious diseases. Although measures such as the imposition of national lockdowns and self-quarantines have been proven to be effective in reducing morbidity, their efficacy is dependent on public trust and compliance. The purpose of this study was to assess public attitudes toward the COVID-19 outbreak over the course of a year. A cohort study of the adult population in Israel was conducted during three waves of COVID-19 morbidity in that country, with February 2020 as the baseline, March 2020 for the first wave, August 2020 for the second, and January 2021 for the third. The results suggest that there is a relationship between risk perception and compliance with health regulations. Moreover, trust is a major component in public compliance. Fluctuations in risk perception and trust were found to affect compliance with regulations. The failure of decision makers to appropriately address the economic constraints imposed on the public during prolonged disasters, such as the COVID-19 outbreak, is likely to lead to a reduction in public trust in the government and to a decrease in societal resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Bodas
- Moran Bodas is the acting director of the National Center for Trauma and Emergency Medicine Research, Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, in Tel HaShomer, Israel
| | - Kobi Peleg
- Kobi Peleg is a senior researcher at the National Center for Trauma and Emergency Medicine Research, Gertner Institute, Ramat-Gan, Israel, and a full professor in the Department of Emergency Management and Disaster Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv-Yafo, Israel
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Quaglieri A, Lausi G, Fraschetti A, Burrai J, Barchielli B, Pizzo A, Cordellieri P, De Gennaro L, Gorgoni M, Ferlazzo F, Sdoia S, Zivi P, Giannini AM, Mari E. "Stay at Home" in Italy during the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Longitudinal Study on Individual Well-Being among Different Age Groups. Brain Sci 2021; 11:993. [PMID: 34439611 PMCID: PMC8394798 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11080993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The restrictions imposed by the Italian government because of the coronavirus outbreak have been shown to be demanding on the Italian population. Data were collected at four different time points from 29 March 2020 to 3 May 2020 and during the final follow-up survey on 12 October 2020. In the present study, we provided longitudinal evidence on the relationship between the lockdown and mental health dimensions, such as emotional state, perceived stress, and time perspective, for three age groups. The results allowed us to observe their psychological status from different perspectives at five different time points. Notably, a negative effect of the lockdown individual well-beings emerged as a trend, and differences in individual adaptation strategies to a prolonged stressful situation were observed at the follow-up. Indeed, pairwise comparisons between age groups showed that the young adult group (18-23 years old) seemed to be the most psychologically affected by the lockdown. The findings are discussed according to the most recent literature on the topic. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first longitudinal studies carried out in Italy concerning the general psychological effects of the coronavirus lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Quaglieri
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.L.); (A.F.); (J.B.); (A.P.); (P.C.); (L.D.G.); (M.G.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (P.Z.); (A.M.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Giulia Lausi
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.L.); (A.F.); (J.B.); (A.P.); (P.C.); (L.D.G.); (M.G.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (P.Z.); (A.M.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Angelo Fraschetti
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.L.); (A.F.); (J.B.); (A.P.); (P.C.); (L.D.G.); (M.G.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (P.Z.); (A.M.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Jessica Burrai
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.L.); (A.F.); (J.B.); (A.P.); (P.C.); (L.D.G.); (M.G.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (P.Z.); (A.M.G.); (E.M.)
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 1, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Benedetta Barchielli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 1, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Pizzo
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.L.); (A.F.); (J.B.); (A.P.); (P.C.); (L.D.G.); (M.G.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (P.Z.); (A.M.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Pierluigi Cordellieri
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.L.); (A.F.); (J.B.); (A.P.); (P.C.); (L.D.G.); (M.G.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (P.Z.); (A.M.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Luigi De Gennaro
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.L.); (A.F.); (J.B.); (A.P.); (P.C.); (L.D.G.); (M.G.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (P.Z.); (A.M.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Maurizio Gorgoni
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.L.); (A.F.); (J.B.); (A.P.); (P.C.); (L.D.G.); (M.G.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (P.Z.); (A.M.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Fabio Ferlazzo
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.L.); (A.F.); (J.B.); (A.P.); (P.C.); (L.D.G.); (M.G.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (P.Z.); (A.M.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Stefano Sdoia
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.L.); (A.F.); (J.B.); (A.P.); (P.C.); (L.D.G.); (M.G.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (P.Z.); (A.M.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Pierpaolo Zivi
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.L.); (A.F.); (J.B.); (A.P.); (P.C.); (L.D.G.); (M.G.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (P.Z.); (A.M.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Anna Maria Giannini
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.L.); (A.F.); (J.B.); (A.P.); (P.C.); (L.D.G.); (M.G.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (P.Z.); (A.M.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Emanuela Mari
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.L.); (A.F.); (J.B.); (A.P.); (P.C.); (L.D.G.); (M.G.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (P.Z.); (A.M.G.); (E.M.)
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Drach-Zahavy A, Goldblatt H, Admi H, Blau A, Ohana I, Itzhaki M. A multi-level examination of nursing students' resilience in the face of the COVID-19 outbreak: A cross-sectional design. J Adv Nurs 2021; 78:109-120. [PMID: 34212420 PMCID: PMC8446960 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Aims To examine nursing students' stress and coping with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic through an ecological model of resilience. Specifically, to examine the relative contribution of different resilience levels in decreasing nursing students' strain symptoms: at the individual level, resilience trait; at the relational level, students' coping strategies; at the university level, nursing students' perceptions on their university's readiness to handle the virus outbreak; and at the national level, nursing students' trust in policymakers' decisions. Design The study used a cross‐sectional design. Methods Undergraduate students of five universities were recruited via an electronic link sent to their emails during the first months of the COVID‐19 outbreak: May–July 2020. Of them, 492 participants completed the research questionnaire. Results Hierarchical Regression Analysis revealed that nursing students' resilience, as a multi‐level factor, decreased the students' level of strain symptoms above and beyond their stress levels and control variables. Specifically, the nursing students' trait resilience, perceptions of their university's positive response to the pandemic and trust in their national policymakers were negatively associated with their strain symptoms. Conversely, disengagement‐in‐emotion coping strategies was positively associated with the students' strain symptoms. Conclusions Nursing students' resilience should be seen as a flexible resource that can be developed and influenced by their academic and clinical training, and by the intentions and actions of their university and the nursing administration at the Ministry of Health (MOH). Impact The findings call for the nursing administration at the MOH and for the university deans and department heads to prepare in advance a crisis plan that could be rapidly and effectively implemented when needed. Furthermore, topics such as developing flexible coping strategies should be integrated into the nursing curricula. These would allow students to prepare and cope better with adversity in their routine and in times of crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Drach-Zahavy
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Social Welfare & Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hadass Goldblatt
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Social Welfare & Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hanna Admi
- Nursing Department, Graduate Program, Yezreel Valley College, Jezreel Valley, Israel
| | - Ayala Blau
- Nursing Department, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Irit Ohana
- Nursing Department, Ramat Gan Academic College, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Itzhaki
- Nursing Department, School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Bian Q, Zhang X, Mao Q. The more actions, the higher the performance evaluation? Evidence from the crisis management of COVID-19 in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION : IJDRR 2021; 60:102281. [PMID: 36570632 PMCID: PMC9764212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Governments around the world have taken measures in fighting against COVID-19, but how the government's response affects the public evaluation of government performance in crisis remains to be examined. The study investigated how government actions, the public's trust in government, risk perception, and negative emotions influenced the public evaluation of government performance based on a primary survey. The findings showed that: (1) government actions and public evaluation of government performance in crisis are significantly and positively associated; (2) trust in government can positively lead to the public evaluation of government performance in crisis; (3) risk perception and negative emotions can negatively moderate and attenuate the previous positive relationship. The research revealed that the public evaluation of government performance is formed by the government actions through mediation effect of trust in government and also moderation effect of risk perception and emotional factors. Thus, this study innovatively developed a moderated mediation model of public perceived government performance which may serve as a basis for improving public evaluation while dealing with the crisis in other countries and regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Bian
- School of Political Science and Public Administration, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- School of Economics and Management, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- Fujian Emergency Management Research Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Qingduo Mao
- School of International Affairs and Public Administration, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
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Kimhi S, Eshel Y, Marciano H, Adini B. Fluctuations in National Resilience during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3876. [PMID: 33917101 PMCID: PMC8067873 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18083876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The current study measured national resilience (NR) in three different time frames during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Israel (N = 804). We investigated two main issues: first, the direction and extent of NR changes during the crisis, and second, the predictors of NR. The results show the following: (a) the average NR score declined significantly across the three repeated measures, with a medium-size effect. (b) Three of the four identified NR factors declined significantly across the three measurements: belief in the government and the prime minister (large effect size); belief in civil society; and patriotism (medium effect size); while trust in Israeli national institutions was the lowest and did not weaken significantly. (c) Analyzing the prediction of NR factors indicated that the levels of the three NR factors mainly reflected one's political attitudes, sense of political and economic threats, rather than health threats. One conclusion concerns the importance of trust in leadership as the most sensitive component in the decline of national resilience following a crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaul Kimhi
- Stress and Resilience Research Center, Tel-Hai College, Northern Galilee 122800, Israel; (Y.E.); (H.M.)
| | - Yohanan Eshel
- Stress and Resilience Research Center, Tel-Hai College, Northern Galilee 122800, Israel; (Y.E.); (H.M.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Hadas Marciano
- Stress and Resilience Research Center, Tel-Hai College, Northern Galilee 122800, Israel; (Y.E.); (H.M.)
- Ergonomics and Human Factors Unit, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Bruria Adini
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Management, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel;
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Aruta JJBR. Socio-ecological determinants of distress in Filipino adults during COVID-19 crisis. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 41:7482-7492. [PMID: 33424204 PMCID: PMC7783297 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-01322-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the socio-ecological factors that influenced psychological distress (combined index of depression and anxiety symptoms) among Filipino adults during the COVID-19 crisis. The study involved 401 adult participants currently residing in the Philippines. Data were collected using a self-reported online questionnaire administered to the participants. Findings revealed that one individual level factor, such as individual resilience, and two family level factors, such as safety at home and being a parent, negatively influenced psychological distress. On the other hand, a family level factor, family’s financial difficulties, positively predicted psychological distress. Societal level factor such as national resilience, but not the community level factor, community resilience, positively predicted psychological distress in Filipino adults. Findings identified individual resilience, national resilience, and financial difficulties as the strongest predictors of psychological distress among Filipino adults during the COVID-19 crisis. Implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.
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Kimhi S, Eshel Y, Marciano H, Adini B. A Renewed Outbreak of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study of Distress, Resilience, and Subjective Well-Being. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E7743. [PMID: 33113914 PMCID: PMC7660159 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Considering the potential impact of COVID-19 on the civil society, a longitudinal study was conducted to identify levels of distress, resilience, and the subjective well-being of the population. The study is based on two repeated measurements conducted at the end of the pandemic's "first wave" and the beginning of the "second wave" on a sample (n = 906) of Jewish Israeli respondents, who completed an online questionnaire distributed by an Internet panel company. Three groups of indicators were assessed: signs of distress (sense of danger, distress symptoms, and perceived threats), resilience (individual, community, and national), and subjective well-being (well-being, hope, and morale). Results indicated the following: (a) a significant increase in distress indicators, with effect sizes of sense of danger, distress symptoms, and perceived threats (Cohen's d 0.614, 0.120, and 0.248, respectively); (b) a significant decrease in resilience indicators, with effect sizes of individual, community, and national resilience (Cohen's d 0.153, 0.428, and 0.793, respectively); and (c) a significant decrease in subjective well-being indicators with effect sizes of well-being, hope, and morale (Cohen's d 0.116, 0.336, and 0.199, respectively). To conclude, COVID-19 had a severe, large-scale impact on the civil society, leading to multidimensional damage and a marked decrease in the individual, community, and national resilience of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaul Kimhi
- Stress and Resilience Research Center, Tel-Hai College, Northern Galilee 1220800, Israel; (S.K.); (Y.E.); (H.M.)
| | - Yohanan Eshel
- Stress and Resilience Research Center, Tel-Hai College, Northern Galilee 1220800, Israel; (S.K.); (Y.E.); (H.M.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Hadas Marciano
- Stress and Resilience Research Center, Tel-Hai College, Northern Galilee 1220800, Israel; (S.K.); (Y.E.); (H.M.)
- Ergonomics and Human Factors Unit, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Bruria Adini
- Department of Emergency Management and Disaster Management School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel
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