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Lozano-Sardaneta YN, Díaz-Cruz JA, Viveros-Santos V, Ibáñez-Bernal S, Huerta H, Marina CF, Mis-Ávila PC, Martínez-Burgos M, Torres-Monzón JA, Sánchez-Cordero V, Becker I. Phylogenetic relations among Mexican phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) and their divergence time estimation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287853. [PMID: 37384618 PMCID: PMC10309607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) have biological relevance as vectors of several pathogens. To ensure periodic entomological monitoring it is necessary to have efficient and accurate tools for an adequate taxonomic identification. There are only few studies on phylogenetic analyses of phlebotomine sand flies from Neotropics, based mostly on morphological and/or molecular data, which makes the delimitation of intra- and interspecific variability of species challenging. Here we generated new molecular information on sand fly species distributed in endemic areas of leishmaniasis in Mexico, using mitochondrial and ribosomal genes, and incorporating morphological information available. Specifically, we established their phylogenetic relationships, and estimated their divergence time. Our study provides molecular information for 15 phlebotomine sand fly species from different areas of Mexico, contributing to the genetic inventory and phylogenetic relations among Neotropical species of the subfamily Phlebotominae. Mitochondrial genes proved to be suitable markers for the molecular identification of phlebotomine sand flies. However, the incorporation of additional nuclear gene information could increase the significance of phylogenetic inferences. We also provided evidence about a possible divergence time of phlebotomine sand fly species, supporting their presumable origin in the Cretaceous period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yokomi N. Lozano-Sardaneta
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jesús A. Díaz-Cruz
- Colección Nacional de Peces, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Vicente Viveros-Santos
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (CRISP-INSP), Tapachula, Chiapas, México
| | - Sergio Ibáñez-Bernal
- Instituto de Ecología, A. C. (INECOL), Red Ambiente y Sustentabilidad, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Herón Huerta
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos ‘Dr, Manuel Martínez Báez’, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Carlos F. Marina
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (CRISP-INSP), Tapachula, Chiapas, México
| | - Pedro C. Mis-Ávila
- Servicios Estatales de Salud de Quintana Roo, Departamento de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vector y Zoonosis, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, México
| | - Maribel Martínez-Burgos
- Servicios Estatales de Salud de Quintana Roo, Departamento de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vector y Zoonosis, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, México
| | - Jorge A. Torres-Monzón
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (CRISP-INSP), Tapachula, Chiapas, México
| | - Víctor Sánchez-Cordero
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ingeborg Becker
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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Posada-López L, Rodrigues BL, Velez ID, Uribe S. Improving the COI DNA barcoding library for Neotropical phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae). Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:198. [PMID: 37308979 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05807-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sand fly species are traditionally identified using morphological traits, though this method is hampered by the presence of cryptic species. DNA barcoding is a widely used tool in the case of insects of medical importance, where it is necessary to know quickly which species are present in a transmission area. Here, we assess the usefulness of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) DNA barcoding as a practical tool for species identification, correct assignment of isomorphic females, and to evaluate the detection of cryptic diversity that occurs in the same species. A fragment of the COI gene was used to generate 156 new barcode sequences for sand flies from different countries of the Neotropical region, mainly Colombia, which had been identified morphologically as 43 species. The sequencing of the COI gene allowed the detection of cryptic diversity within species and correctly associated isomorphic females with males identified by morphology. The maximum intraspecific genetic distances ranged from 0 to 8.32% and 0 to 8.92% using uncorrected p distances and the Kimura 2-parameter (K2P) model, respectively. The minimum interspecific distance (nearest neighbor) for each species ranged from 1.5 to 14.14% and 1.51 to 15.7% using p and K2P distances, respectively. Three species had more than 3% maximum intraspecific distance: Psychodopygus panamensis, Micropygomyia cayennensis cayennensis, and Pintomyia evansi. They also were split into at least two molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) each, using different species delimitation algorithms. Regarding interspecific genetic distances, the species of the genera Nyssomyia and Trichophoromyia generated values lower than 3% (except Nyssomyia ylephiletor and Ny. trapidoi). However, the maximum intraspecific distances did not exceed these values, indicating the presence of a barcode gap despite their proximity. Also, nine sand fly species were DNA barcoded for the first time: Evandromyia georgii, Lutzomyia sherlocki, Ny. ylephiletor, Ny. yuilli pajoti, Psathyromyia punctigeniculata, Sciopemyia preclara, Trichopygomyia triramula, Trichophoromyia howardi, and Th. velezbernali. The COI DNA barcode analysis enabled the correct delimitation of several Neotropical sand fly species from South and Central America and raised questions about the presence of cryptic species for some taxa, which should be further assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Posada-López
- PECET (Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Saúde Pública (FSP/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
| | - Bruno Leite Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Saúde Pública (FSP/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Ivan Dario Velez
- PECET (Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Sandra Uribe
- Grupo de Investigación en Sistemática Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Campus, Medellín, Colombia
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Galati EAB, Rodrigues BL. A Review of Historical Phlebotominae Taxonomy (Diptera: Psychodidae). NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023:10.1007/s13744-023-01030-8. [PMID: 36897326 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-023-01030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Psychodidae is a group constituted by ca. 3400 species distributed in six existing and one extinct subfamily. Among them, Phlebotominae is of relevant medical and veterinary interest as vectors of pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, and trypanosomatides, to vertebrates. The taxonomy of Phlebotominae, begun in 1786, received a great boost at the beginning of the twentieth century, when some of its species began to be implicated as vectors of leishmaniasis agents. Currently, the group consists of 1060 species/subspecies described for both hemispheres. Its taxonomy and systematics have been largely based on the morphological characters of adults in view of the limited number of species known in their immature forms, as well as by molecular approaches. This review focuses on the evolution of the phlebotomine systematics, with information regarding when the descriptions of the sand fly species/subspecies occurred, where their type localities are, the number of authors involved in their descriptions, and the researchers who have most contributed to the description of these taxa and their respective institutions. The morphological characters of adult forms used in the taxonomy of groups, in an evolutionary approach, and the current state of knowledge based on immature forms is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Leite Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo (FSP/USP), SP, 01246-904, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Rodrigues BL, Galati EAB. Molecular taxonomy of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) with emphasis on DNA barcoding: A review. Acta Trop 2023; 238:106778. [PMID: 36435214 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The taxonomy and systematics of sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) are one of the pillars of research aimed to identifying vector populations and the agents transmitted by these insects. Traditionally, the use of morphological traits has been the main line of evidence for the definition of species, but the use of DNA sequences is useful as an integrative approach for their delimitation. Here, we discuss the current status of the molecular taxonomy of sand flies, including their most sequenced molecular markers and the main results. Only about 37% of all sand fly species have been processed for any molecular marker and are publicly available in the NCBI GenBank or BOLD Systems databases. The genera Phlebotomus, Nyssomyia, Psathyromyia and Psychodopygus are well-sampled, accounting for more than 56% of their sequenced species. However, less than 34% of the species of Sergentomyia, Lutzomyia, Trichopygomyia and Trichophoromyia have been sampled, representing a major gap in the knowledge of these groups. The most sequenced molecular markers are those within mtDNA, especially the DNA barcoding fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (coi) gene, which has shown promising results in detecting cryptic diversity within species. Few sequences of conserved genes have been generated, which hampers higher-level phylogenetic inferences. We argue that sand fly species should be sequenced for at least the coi DNA barcoding marker, but multiple markers with different mutation rates should be assessed, whenever possible, to generate multilocus analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Leite Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo (FSP/USP). Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo SP, Brazil, 01246-904.
| | - Eunice Aparecida Bianchi Galati
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo (FSP/USP). Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo SP, Brazil, 01246-904
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Martinez E, Leon R, Mihalca AD, Dujardin JP, Le Pont F. Morphological description of Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) veintemillasi n. sp., a new sand fly species from the sub-Andean region of Bolivia. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:327. [PMID: 36123736 PMCID: PMC9484205 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05433-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most sand fly species are located in the Americas; some act as vectors of leishmaniasis and other human diseases. In Bolivia, about 25% of Neotropical species have been identified, and only a few have been implicated as vectors of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. A new species of anthropophilic sand fly from the sub-Andean region of Alto Beni is described herein. Methods A large systematic entomological survey was carried out in a subtropical humid forest located in the Marimonos mountain range, at around 900 m altitude, in the municipality of Palos Blancos, Sud Yungas Province, Department of La Paz, Bolivia. Sand flies were captured over a period of 26 months between January 1982 and February 1984, at the ground and canopy level, using both CDC light traps and protected human bait. A total of 24,730 sand flies were collected on the ground, distributed in 16 species, and 3259 in the canopy, with eight species. One of these species was labeled as Pintomia (Pifanomyia) nevesi, although certain morphological features allowed us to doubt that it was that taxon. To define the identity of this sand fly, a re-evaluation (this work) was recently carried out through morphological analyses and measurements of the available specimens mounted on Euparal, previously labeled as Pi. (Pif.) nevesi. Results Based on the morphological traits and measurements, the re-evaluated specimens were definitively identified as a new sand fly species, Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) veintemillasi, closely related to Pi. (Pif.) nevesi and Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) maranonensis within the Evansi series. This new sand fly was the third most numerous anthropophilic species at the floor (6.2%) and the second most numerous anthropophilic at the canopy (35.1%). Conclusions A new anthropophilic sand fly species is described as Pi. (Pif.) veintemillasi n. sp. This sand fly species was caught at about 900 m altitude in the Marimonos mountain range, a highly endemic area for cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. Therefore, this species could be involved in the leishmaniasis transmission in the sub-Andean foothills of Alto Beni, Department of La Paz, Bolivia. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddy Martinez
- Instituto de Investigación en Salud y Desarrollo, IINSAD; Cátedra de Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, UMSA, La Paz, Bolivia.
| | - Renato Leon
- Laboratorio de Entomología Médica & Medicina Tropical LEMMT, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, COCIBA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Cumbayá, 150157, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Andrei Daniel Mihalca
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Nasereddin A, Ereqat S, Al-Jawabreh A, Taradeh M, Abbasi I, Al-Jawabreh H, Sawalha S, Abdeen Z. Concurrent molecular characterization of sand flies and Leishmania parasites by amplicon-based next-generation sequencing. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:262. [PMID: 35869485 PMCID: PMC9308317 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05388-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phlebotomine sand flies are vectors of Leishmania parasites, which are the causative agents of leishmaniasis. Herein, we developed an amplicon-based next-generation sequencing (Amp-NGS) to characterize sand flies and Leishmania parasites simultaneously targeting partial fragments of 18S rDNA and ITS1 genes, respectively. METHODS Our assay was optimized using reference sand fly (n = 8) and Leishmania spp. (n = 9) samples and validated using wild-caught sand flies from Palestine. The assay was highly specific, and all DNA references were successfully identified to the species level. RESULTS Among the wild-caught sand flies (n = 187), Phlebotomus spp. represented 95% of the collected samples (177/187), including Ph. sergenti (147/187, 79%), Ph. papatasi (19/187, 10.2%), Ph. perfiliewi (3/187, 1.6%), Ph. tobbi (2/187, 1.2%) and Ph. syriacus (6/187, 3.2%). Sergentomyia spp. represented only 5% (10/187) of the collected samples and included S. dentata (n = 6), S. fallax (n = 2), S. schwetzi (n = 1) and S. ghesquiere (n = 1). The study observed strong positive correlation between sand fly identification results of the Amp-NGS and morphological identification method (r = 0.84, df = 185, P < 0.001). Some discrepancies between the two methods in the identification of closely related species (i.e. Ph. perfiliewi, Ph. tobbi and Ph. syriacus) were observed. Leishmania DNA was detected and identified as L. tropica in 14 samples (14/187, 7.5%). CONCLUSIONS Our assay was sensitive to detect (limit of detection was 0.0016 ng/reaction) and identify Leishmania DNA in sand flies, thus representing a new tool for studying sand flies and their associated Leishmania parasites in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abedelmajeed Nasereddin
- grid.16662.350000 0001 2298 706XBiochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Abu Deis, East Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Suheir Ereqat
- grid.16662.350000 0001 2298 706XBiochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Abu Deis, East Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Amer Al-Jawabreh
- grid.440578.a0000 0004 0631 5812Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Arab American University, Jenin, Palestine ,Leishmaniases Research Unit, Jericho, Palestine
| | - Mohamad Taradeh
- grid.16662.350000 0001 2298 706XAl-Quds Nutrition and Health Research Institute, Al-Quds University, East Jerusalem, Palestine ,AL-Quds Public Health Society, East Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Ibrahim Abbasi
- grid.16662.350000 0001 2298 706XDepartment of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Quds University, East Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Hanan Al-Jawabreh
- Leishmaniases Research Unit, Jericho, Palestine ,grid.16662.350000 0001 2298 706XAl-Quds Nutrition and Health Research Institute, Al-Quds University, East Jerusalem, Palestine ,AL-Quds Public Health Society, East Jerusalem, Palestine
| | | | - Ziad Abdeen
- grid.16662.350000 0001 2298 706XAl-Quds Nutrition and Health Research Institute, Al-Quds University, East Jerusalem, Palestine ,AL-Quds Public Health Society, East Jerusalem, Palestine
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Valdivia HO, Zorrilla VO, Espada LJ, Perez JG, Razuri HR, Vera H, Fernandez R, Tong C, Ghersi BM, Vasquez GM, Burrus RG, Lescano AG, Montgomery JM. Diversity, distribution and natural Leishmania infection of sand flies from communities along the Interoceanic Highway in the Southeastern Peruvian Amazon. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009000. [PMID: 33566811 PMCID: PMC7875382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The Peruvian-Brazilian border is a highly endemic tegumentary leishmaniasis region in South America. The interoceanic highway is a commercial route that connects Peru and Brazil through Madre de Dios and has raised concerns about its impact on previously undisturbed areas. In order to assess leishmaniasis transmission risk along this highway, we conducted a surveillance study of the sand fly populations in this area. Sand flies were collected between 2009 and 2010 along transects at 200 m, 600 m and 1000 m from six study sites located along the highway (Iberia, La Novia, Alto Libertad, El Carmen, Florida Baja, Mazuko and Mavila) and an undisturbed area (Malinowski). Collected specimens were identified based on morphology and non-engorged females of each species were pooled and screened by kinetoplast PCR to detect natural Leishmania infections. A total of 9,023 specimens were collected belonging to 54 different Lutzomyia species including the first report of Lu. gantieri in Peru. Four species accounted for 50% of all specimens (Lutzomyia carrerai carrerai, Lu. davisi, Lu. shawi and Lu. richardwardi). El Carmen, Alto Libertad, Florida Baja and Malinowski presented higher Shannon diversity indexes (H = 2.36, 2.30, 2.17 and 2.13, respectively) than the most human disturbed sites of Mazuko and La Novia (H = 1.53 and 1.06, respectively). PCR detected 10 positive pools belonging to Lu. carrerai carrerai, Lu. yuilli yuilli, Lu. hirsuta hirsuta, Lu. (Trichophoromyia) spp., and Lu. (Lutzomyia) spp. Positive pools from 1,000 m transects had higher infectivity rates than those from 600 m and 200 m transects (9/169 = 5.3% vs 0/79 = 0% and 1/127 = 0.8%, p = 0.018). El Carmen, accounted for eight out of ten positives whereas one positive was collected in Florida Baja and Mazuko each. Our study has shown differences in sand fly diversity, abundance and species composition across and within sites. Multiple clustered Lutzomyia pools with natural Leishmania infection suggest a complex, diverse and spotty role in leishmaniasis transmission in Madre de Dios, with increased risk farther from the highway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo O. Valdivia
- Department of Parasitology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit 6, Lima, Peru
- * E-mail:
| | - Victor O. Zorrilla
- Department of Entomology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit 6, Lima, Peru
| | - Liz. J. Espada
- Department of Entomology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit 6, Lima, Peru
| | - Jocelyn G. Perez
- Department of Parasitology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit 6, Lima, Peru
| | - Hugo R. Razuri
- Department of Emerging Infections, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit 6, Lima, Peru
| | - Hubert Vera
- Dirección Regional de Salud de Madre de Dios, Puerto Maldonado, Peru
| | - Roberto Fernandez
- Department of Entomology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit 6, Lima, Peru
| | - Carlos Tong
- Department of Entomology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit 6, Lima, Peru
| | - Bruno M. Ghersi
- Department of Emerging Infections, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit 6, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Roxanne G. Burrus
- Department of Entomology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit 6, Lima, Peru
| | - Andres G. Lescano
- Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, and Clima, Latin American Center of Excellence for Climate Change and Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Joel M. Montgomery
- Department of Emerging Infections, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit 6, Lima, Peru
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Sosa-Ochoa W, Varela Amador J, Lozano-Sardaneta Y, Rodriguez Segura G, Zúniga Valeriano C, Araujo GV, Sandoval Pacheco CM, Laurenti MD, Galvis-Ovallos F. Detection of Leishmania infantum DNA in Pintomyia evansi and Lutzomyia longipalpis in Honduras. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:593. [PMID: 33228800 PMCID: PMC7684752 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04462-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The two most abundant sand fly species on the Honduran Pacific coast are Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) longipalpis and Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) evansi. Both species are known vectors of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum, the etiological agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the Americas. Although VL and non-ulcerative cutaneous leishmaniasis (NUCL) are endemic on the Pacific versant of the Central American Pacific, the latter is the most frequent manifestation of leishmaniasis there. We evaluated the circulation of Leishmania spp. in the sand fly species on El Tigre Island, an endemic area of NUCL. Results We collected 222 specimens of six sand fly species. Lu. longipalpis (180 specimens; 81%) and Pif. (Pi.) evansi (35 specimens; 16%) were the most abundant species. L. (L.) infantum DNA was detected in nine of the 96 specimens analyzed; seven of these specimens were identified as Lu. longipalpis, and the remaining two were Pi.evansi, with an infection rate of 9.4% and 2.7%, respectively. Conclusion We present the first record of L. (L.) infantum DNA in Pi.evansi from a NUCL endemic region of Central America. Our results suggest that Pi. evansi could be a secondary vector of L. (L.) infantum in the transmission cycle of leishmaniasis. The detection of natural infections of L. (L.) infantum in sand flies in this region contributes to an understanding of the epidemiology of leishmaniasis in Honduras.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfredo Sosa-Ochoa
- Microbiology Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. .,Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases, Medical School, São Paulo University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Yokomi Lozano-Sardaneta
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | | | - Gabriela Venicia Araujo
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases, Medical School, São Paulo University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Márcia Dalastra Laurenti
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases, Medical School, São Paulo University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fredy Galvis-Ovallos
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Almazán MC, Copa GN, Lauthier JJ, Gil JF, López Quiroga I, Hoyos CL, Díaz Fernández ME, Nasser JR, Korenaga M, Marco JD, Barroso PA. Sand fly typing: a simple and morphologically-supported method based on polymorphism of 18S rRNA gene in a Leishmaniasis endemic area of Argentina. Acta Trop 2020; 211:105609. [PMID: 32598918 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniases are vector-borne diseases that in the Americas are distributed from southern United States to northern Argentina. The vectors for this disease are small dipterans known as sand flies that are usually identified morphologically by observing structures with taxonomic value; but it is time-consuming, laborious, and requires entomological expertise. Then, this work was aimed at identifying sand flies with molecular techniques, using the morphological identification as a reference technique, in an endemic area of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) located in northern Argentina. For this, sand flies were caught at two patches of vegetation adjacent to rural areas in Orán department, Salta Province. Females were dissected with sterile needles; the head and last abdominal segments were analyzed for morphological identification. The remaining thorax and abdominal segments were used to extract DNA, which was amplified by PCR of the small subunit (SSU), 18S rRNA gene. PCR products were digested with CviQI and DdeI enzymes to identify sand fly species by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Thus, the restriction pattern of each caught species was defined according to morphological identification. A total of 1501 females, belonging to four sand fly species, were captured. Nyssomyia neivai (1347/1501) was the most abundant species, followed by Migonemyia migonei (90/1501). From the total, 801 females were morphologically and molecularly identified, while 700 females were characterized only molecularly. For those females analyzed by both methods, there was total coincidence in the achieved result. Besides, the 5% (38/801) of females that could not be determined morphologically due to inadequate mounting were molecularly identified. All the females characterized just by PCR-RFLP, were successfully identified. Our results indicate that the explored method is capable of identifying the sand fly species that circulate in an ATL endemic area. Since this method is based on the analysis of markedly different patterns, the identification process might be more easily reproduced, as the bias introduced by the technician's lack of experience is removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cristina Almazán
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Orán, Argentina; Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Griselda Noemí Copa
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Orán, Argentina; Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Juan José Lauthier
- Parasitology Department, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Okocho Kohasu, Nankoku, Kochi Prefecture, Japan
| | - José Fernando Gil
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Orán, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía No Convencional-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Inés López Quiroga
- Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - Carlos Lorenzo Hoyos
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Orán, Argentina; Instituto de Patología Experimental-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | | | - Julio Rubén Nasser
- Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - Masataka Korenaga
- Parasitology Department, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Okocho Kohasu, Nankoku, Kochi Prefecture, Japan; Faculty of Health Sciences, Kochi Gakuen University, Asahi-Tenjincho, Kochi, Kochi Prefecture, Japan
| | - Jorge Diego Marco
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Orán, Argentina; Instituto de Patología Experimental-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Paola Andrea Barroso
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Orán, Argentina; Instituto de Patología Experimental-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
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Muñoz-Calderón A, Wehrendt D, Cura C, Gómez-Bravo A, Abril M, Giammaria M, Lucero RH, Schijman AG. Real-time polymerase chain reaction based algorithm for differential diagnosis of Kinetoplastidean species of zoonotic relevance. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 83:104328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Lozano-Sardaneta YN, Paternina LE, Sánchez-Montes S, Quintero A, Ibáñez-Bernal S, Sánchez-Cordero V, Bejarano EE, Becker I. DNA barcoding and fauna of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) from Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico. Acta Trop 2020; 201:105220. [PMID: 31618609 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mexico has great diversity of phlebotomine sand flies related to cases of leishmaniasis, yet few studies have dressed the molecular taxonomy of these sand fly species. The use of the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene, as a DNA Barcode has facilitated the molecular identification of sand flies species worldwide. We use the DNA barcode as a useful tool for the identification of phlebotomine sand flies of the natural reserve Los Tuxtlas from Veracruz, México. A fragment of 536 bp of the COI gene was obtained from 36 individuals belonging to eight species of five genera (Dampfomyia, Lutzomyia, Psathyromyia, Psychodopygus and Brumptomyia) with coverage between 92-100%, and found similarities ranging from 93-98% with other New World phlebotomine sand flies. The NJ dendogram grouped sand flies into eight clusters according to identified species, supported by bootstrap of 97%-100%. In conclusion, all phlebotomine sand flies were correctly identified and agree with the morphological identification, also could separate genetics the isomorphic females of the genus Brumptomyia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yokomi N Lozano-Sardaneta
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luís E Paternina
- Grupo Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Sucre, Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia
| | - Sokani Sánchez-Montes
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alejandro Quintero
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Víctor Sánchez-Cordero
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Eduar Elías Bejarano
- Grupo Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Sucre, Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia
| | - Ingeborg Becker
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.
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Macrogeographic genetic structure of Lutzomyia longipalpis complex populations using Next Generation Sequencing. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223277. [PMID: 31581227 PMCID: PMC6776309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lutzomyia longipalpis is the main vector of Leishmania infantum, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis in the Neotropical realm. Its taxonomic status has been widely discussed once it encompasses a complex of species. The knowledge about the genetic structure of insect vector populations helps the elucidation of components and interactions of the disease ecoepidemiology. Thus, the objective of this study was to genotypically analyze populations of the Lu. longipalpis complex from a macrogeographic perspective using Next Generation Sequencing. Polymorphism analysis of three molecular markers was used to access the levels of population genetic structure among nine different populations of sand flies. Illumina Amplicon Sequencing Protocol® was used to identify possible polymorphic sites. The library was sequenced on paired-end Illumina MiSeq platform. Significant macrogeographical population differentiation was observed among Lu. longipalpis populations via PCA and DAPC analyses. Our results revealed that populations of Lu. longipalpis from the nine municipalities were grouped into three clusters. In addition, it was observed that the levels of Lu. longipalpis population structure could be associated with distance isolation. This new sequencing method allowed us to study different molecular markers after a single sequencing run, and to evaluate population and inter-species differences on a macrogeographic scale.
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Optimization of DNA Extraction from Individual Sand Flies for PCR Amplification. Methods Protoc 2019; 2:mps2020036. [PMID: 31164615 PMCID: PMC6632178 DOI: 10.3390/mps2020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous protocols have been published for extracting DNA from phlebotomines. Nevertheless, their small size is generally an issue in terms of yield, efficiency, and purity, for large-scale individual sand fly DNA extractions when using traditional methods. Even though this can be circumvented with commercial kits, these are generally cost-prohibitive for developing countries. We encountered these limitations when analyzing field-collected Lutzomyia spp. by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and, for this reason, we evaluated various modifications on a previously published protocol, the most significant of which was a different lysis buffer that contained Ca2+ (buffer TESCa). This ion protects proteinase K against autolysis, increases its thermal stability, and could have a regulatory function for its substrate-binding site. Individual sand fly DNA extraction success was confirmed by amplification reactions using internal control primers that amplify a fragment of the cacophony gene. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a lysis buffer containing Ca2+ has been reported for the extraction of DNA from sand flies.
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Chargui N, Slama D, Haouas N, Rmadi L, Babba H. Transmission cycle analysis in a Leishmania infantum focus: Infection rates and blood meal origins in sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae). JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2018; 43:321-327. [PMID: 30408299 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An entomological study was conducted in a Leishmania infantum focus, including the identification of the sand fly species, the detection and the characterization of Leishmania DNA in female sand flies, and blood meal origins in engorged sand flies. A total of 643 sand flies (31% female, 69% male) was identified based on their morphological features or molecular markers. Ten different species were identified, with Phlebotomus perniciosus, the confirmed vector of L. infantum, being the most abundant (56%), P. papatasi in 25% of sand flies, the unique vector species of L. major, and P. longicuspis in 7% of cases, the suspected second vector of L. infantum. Moreover, the infection rate was 3.4% in P. perniciousus, P. papatasi, P. longicuspis, and Sergentomya minuta. Also, L. infantum was identified in five unfed P. perniciosus and two P. longicuspis. Our results suggest the vector role of P. perniciosus and P. longicuspis in the transmission cycle of L. infantum. The DNA of four mammalian species (human, rabbit, horse, and cow) was identified in the blood meals of sand flies, suggesting that these species are potential reservoirs of leishmaniasis, though it is not yet fully elucidated (especially for MON-24 and MON-80). We suggest the existence of different transmission cycles of L. infantum involving different species of sand flies and hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla Chargui
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology (LP3M), Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Department of Clinical Biology, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Darine Slama
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology (LP3M), Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Department of Clinical Biology, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Najoua Haouas
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology (LP3M), Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Department of Clinical Biology, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Latifa Rmadi
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology (LP3M), Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Department of Clinical Biology, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hamouda Babba
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology (LP3M), Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Department of Clinical Biology, Monastir, Tunisia
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Mejía Á, Matamoros G, Fontecha G, Sosa-Ochoa W. Bionomic aspects of Lutzomyia evansi and Lutzomyia longipalpis, proven vectors of Leishmania infantum in an endemic area of non-ulcerative cutaneous leishmaniasis in Honduras. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:15. [PMID: 29304878 PMCID: PMC5756426 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2605-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Some Lutzomyia species are the vectors of human leishmaniasis in the Americas. Visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis are both endemic in the Pacific region of Honduras, but the non-ulcerative form is the more frequent clinical manifestation in this region, where Lutzomyia longipalpis is the most abundant and the only incriminated vector. Taxonomic identification and distribution studies of sand flies are important to understand the epidemiology and to control these neglected tropical diseases. Results Here, we identified more than 13,000 Lutzomyia specimens captured in Isla del Tigre, Honduras, through a classical morphological approach. The two most common species were Lutzomyia evansi and Lu. longipalpis, and this is the first report of three Lutzomyia species on this island. The blood meal source was successfully identified for five sand fly species. A barcode analysis using the cox1 mitochondrial marker proved to be effective in discriminating between species and seems to be a valuable tool for future epidemiological studies including a wider geographical area. Conclusion This study updates the diversity and blood meal sources of Lutzomyia species in an island endemic for non-ulcerative cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Pacific region of Honduras, and determines the effectiveness of the barcoding approach to discriminate species, as a complementary tool to classical morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Mejía
- Microbiology School, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Gabriela Matamoros
- Microbiology School, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Gustavo Fontecha
- Microbiology Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
| | - Wilfredo Sosa-Ochoa
- Microbiology Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
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Distribution and identification of sand flies naturally infected with Leishmania from the Southeastern Peruvian Amazon. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0006029. [PMID: 29107954 PMCID: PMC5673161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an important health problem in the New World affecting civilian and military populations that are frequently exposed in endemic settings. The Peruvian region of Madre de Dios located near the border with Brazil is one of the most endemic CL regions in South America with more than 4,451 reported cases between 2010 and 2015 according to the Peruvian epidemiology directorate. However, little is known regarding the diversity and distribution of sand fly vectors in this region. In this study, we aimed to characterize the sand fly fauna in this endemic setting and identify sand fly species naturally infected with Leishmania possibly involved in pathogen transmission. Methods Sand fly collections were carried out during 2014 and 2015 in the communities of Flor de Acre, Villa Primavera, Mavila and Arca Pacahuara using CDC light traps and Shannon traps. Collected specimens were identified and non-blood-fed females were selected for Leishmania infection screening using kinetoplastid DNA-PCR (kDNA-PCR) and nested Real time PCR for species identification. Results A total of 10,897 phlebotomines belonging to the genus Lutzomyia (58 species) and Brumptomyia (2 species) were collected. Our study confirmed the widespread distribution and abundance of Lutzomyia (Trichophoromyia) spp. (24%), Lu. whitmani (19.4%) and Lu. yucumensis (15.8%) in the region. Analysis of Shannon diversity index indicates variability in sand fly composition across sites with Villa Primavera presenting the highest sand fly diversity and abundance. Leishmania screening by kDNA-PCR resulted in 45 positive pools collected from Flor de Acre (34 pools), Mavila (10 pools) and Arca Pacahuara (1 pool) and included 14 species: Lu. yucumensis, Lu. aragoi, Lu. sallesi, Lu. sherlocki, Lu. shawi, Lu. walkeri, Lu nevesi, Lu. migonei, Lu. davisi, Lu. carrerai, Lu. hirsuta, Lu. (Trichophoromyia) spp., Lu. llanosmartinsi and Lu. whitmani. Lutzomyia sherlocki, Lu. walkeri and Lu. llanosmartinsi had the highest infection rates (8%, 7% and 6%, respectively). We identified Leishmania guyanensis in two Lu. whitmani pools, and L. braziliensis in two Lu. llanosmartinsi pools and one Lu. davisi pool. Conclusions Based on our collections there is high sand fly diversity in Madre de Dios, with differences in sand fly abundance and species composition across sites. We identified 14 sand fly species naturally infected with Leishmania spp., having detected natural infection with L. (V.) guyanensis and L. (V.) braziliensis in three sand fly species. These results suggest the presence of several potential vectors that vary in their spatial and geographical distribution, which could explain the high prevalence of CL cases in this region. Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease that affects more than 2 million people worldwide. The identification of putative Leishmania vectors is an important step towards the design of better control strategies and estimating the risk of transmission in endemic areas. In this paper the authors explored the distribution of sand flies and identified potential vectors in a largely unexplored setting in the Southeastern Peruvian Amazon Basin. Three new sand fly species Lutzomyia naiffi, Lu. dereuri and Lu. flabellata are reported for Peru. In addition, they found fourteen sand fly species naturally infected with Leishmania that comprised seven new reports for Peru and one for the Americas. This information will serve as a baseline for future surveillance and intervention studies in this highly endemic area.
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Godoy RE, Galati EAB. Revalidation of Nyssomyia fraihai (Martins, Falcão & Silva 1979) (Diptera: Psychodidae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 53:1303-1311. [PMID: 27838613 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Lutzomyia fraihai (Martins, Falcão & Silva 1979), described from Três Braços municipality (Bahia state, Brazil), is closely related to Nyssomyia yuilli yuilli (Young & Porter, 1972), described from Rio Anori, Antioquia, Colombia. The former species, despite the morphological differences reported by its authors, was included as a junior synonym of Ny. yuilli yuilli, and this status has been accepted by sand fly-taxonomists. However, we had an opportunity to examine both taxa, and a clear difference was noted in their male genitalia. In this study, the morphometric/morphologic characters of specimens that had been identified as Ny. yuilli yuilli from different localities (Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Bolivia) and type material of both Ny. yuilli yuilli and Lu. fraihai were analyzed. The results revealed that males from Brazil (Bahia, Acre, Pará, and Rondônia states) and Peru present statistically significant differences in the ratio between paramere rectangular and digitiform areas as well as for the cercus length and width of the aedeagal ducts tips, when compared with the type specimens of Ny. yuilli yuilli, but are statistically similar to those characters of Lu. fraihai However, females of the two species are indistinguishable. Thus, based on the male morphology, Ny. fraihai STAT REV N COM: was resurrected from the synonymy of Ny. yuilli yuilli. The specimens from the Atlantic forest biome and the Amazon biome in Brazil, Peru, and Bolivia in fact belong to Ny. fraihai This species presents a cis-Andean distribution, while Ny. yuilli yuilli has been found in both Andean and Trans-Andean areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Godoy
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil 01246-904 (; )
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil 21040-360, and
| | - E A B Galati
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil 01246-904 (; )
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Buenaventura E, Whitmore D, Pape T. Molecular phylogeny of the hyperdiverse genusSarcophaga(Diptera: Sarcophagidae), and comparison between algorithms for identification of rogue taxa. Cladistics 2016; 33:109-133. [DOI: 10.1111/cla.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Buenaventura
- Natural History Museum of Denmark; Universitetsparken 15 Copenhagen DK-2100 Denmark
| | - Daniel Whitmore
- Department of Life Sciences; Natural History Museum; Cromwell Road London SW7 5BD UK
| | - Thomas Pape
- Natural History Museum of Denmark; Universitetsparken 15 Copenhagen DK-2100 Denmark
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Ribolla PEM, Gushi LT, Pires e Cruz MDS, Costa CHN, Costa DL, Lima Júnior MSDC, Dorval MEMC, Gutierrez de Oliveira A, da Cunha Santos MF, Fonseca Camargo-Neves VL, Fortaleza CMCB, Alonso DP. Leishmania infantum Genetic Diversity and Lutzomyia longipalpis Mitochondrial Haplotypes in Brazil. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:9249217. [PMID: 27119085 PMCID: PMC4828539 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9249217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Leishmania infantum is the etiological agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the Americas with domestic dogs being its major reservoir hosts. The main VL vector is the sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis, while other Lutzomyia species may play a role in disease transmission. Although the genetic structure of L. infantum populations has been widely evaluated, only a few studies have addressed this subject coupled to the genetic structure of the respective sandfly vectors. In this study, we analyzed the population structure of L. infantum in three major VL endemic areas in Brazil and associated it with Lutzomyia longipalpis geographic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Eduardo Martins Ribolla
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Instituto de Biotecnologia de Botucatu (IBTEC), 18607-440 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia Tsieme Gushi
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Instituto de Biotecnologia de Botucatu (IBTEC), 18607-440 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria do Socorro Pires e Cruz
- Departamento de Morfofisiologia Veterinária Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Piauí, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Nery Costa
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leishmaniose Visceral, Instituto de Doenças Tropicais Natan Portella, 64001-450 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Dorcas Lamounier Costa
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leishmaniose Visceral, Instituto de Doenças Tropicais Natan Portella, 64001-450 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alessandra Gutierrez de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Mirella Ferreira da Cunha Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Magno Castello Branco Fortaleza
- Departamento de Doenças Tropicais, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), 18618-687 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Diego Peres Alonso
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Instituto de Biotecnologia de Botucatu (IBTEC), 18607-440 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Pinto IDS, Chagas BDD, Rodrigues AAF, Ferreira AL, Rezende HR, Bruno RV, Falqueto A, Andrade-Filho JD, Galati EAB, Shimabukuro PHF, Brazil RP, Peixoto AA. DNA Barcoding of Neotropical Sand Flies (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae): Species Identification and Discovery within Brazil. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140636. [PMID: 26506007 PMCID: PMC4624639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA barcoding has been an effective tool for species identification in several animal groups. Here, we used DNA barcoding to discriminate between 47 morphologically distinct species of Brazilian sand flies. DNA barcodes correctly identified approximately 90% of the sampled taxa (42 morphologically distinct species) using clustering based on neighbor-joining distance, of which four species showed comparatively higher maximum values of divergence (range 4.23–19.04%), indicating cryptic diversity. The DNA barcodes also corroborated the resurrection of two species within the shannoni complex and provided an efficient tool to differentiate between morphologically indistinguishable females of closely related species. Taken together, our results validate the effectiveness of DNA barcoding for species identification and the discovery of cryptic diversity in sand flies from Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel de Souza Pinto
- Lab. de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Brasil Ave. 4365, 21040360, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Unidade de Medicina Tropical, UFES, Marechal Campos Ave. 1468, 29043900, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Bruna Dias das Chagas
- Lab. de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Brasil Ave. 4365, 21040360, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Adelson Luiz Ferreira
- Unidade de Medicina Tropical, UFES, Marechal Campos Ave. 1468, 29043900, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Helder Ricas Rezende
- Unidade de Medicina Tropical, UFES, Marechal Campos Ave. 1468, 29043900, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Vieira Bruno
- Lab. de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Brasil Ave. 4365, 21040360, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular – INCT-EM/CNPq, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aloisio Falqueto
- Unidade de Medicina Tropical, UFES, Marechal Campos Ave. 1468, 29043900, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - José Dilermando Andrade-Filho
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Augusto de Lima Ave. 1715, 30190002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Eunice Aparecida Bianchi Galati
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, USP, Dr. Arnaldo Cerqueira Cesar Ave. 715, 01246904, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paloma Helena Fernandes Shimabukuro
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Augusto de Lima Ave. 1715, 30190002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo Peçanha Brazil
- Lab. de Doenças Parasitárias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Brasil Ave. 4365, 21040360, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Afranio Peixoto
- Lab. de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Brasil Ave. 4365, 21040360, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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21
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Nzelu CO, Cáceres AG, Arrunátegui-Jiménez MJ, Lañas-Rosas MF, Yañez-Trujillano HH, Luna-Caipo DV, Holguín-Mauricci CE, Katakura K, Hashiguchi Y, Kato H. DNA barcoding for identification of sand fly species (Diptera: Psychodidae) from leishmaniasis-endemic areas of Peru. Acta Trop 2015; 145:45-51. [PMID: 25697864 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phlebotomine sand flies are the only proven vectors of leishmaniases, a group of human and animal diseases. Accurate knowledge of sand fly species identification is essential in understanding the epidemiology of leishmaniasis and vector control in endemic areas. Classical identification of sand fly species based on morphological characteristics often remains difficult and requires taxonomic expertise. Here, we generated DNA barcodes of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene using 159 adult specimens morphologically identified to be 19 species of sand flies, belonging to 6 subgenera/species groups circulating in Peru, including the vector species. Neighbor-joining (NJ) analysis based on Kimura 2-Parameter genetic distances formed non-overlapping clusters for all species. The levels of intraspecific genetic divergence ranged from 0 to 5.96%, whereas interspecific genetic divergence among different species ranged from 8.39 to 19.08%. The generated COI barcodes could discriminate between all the sand fly taxa. Besides its success in separating known species, we found that DNA barcoding is useful in revealing population differentiation and cryptic diversity, and thus promises to be a valuable tool for epidemiological studies of leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwunonso O Nzelu
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Abraham G Cáceres
- Departamento Académico de Microbiología Médica, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru; Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru
| | - Martín J Arrunátegui-Jiménez
- Dirección Ejecutiva de Salud Ambiental, Gerencia Regional de Salud Lambayeque, Perú Área de Entomología Laboratorio Referencial, Dirección Regional de Salud Piura, Peru
| | - Máximo F Lañas-Rosas
- Área de Entomología, Laboratorio Referencial, Dirección Regional de Salud Piura, Peru
| | | | - Deysi V Luna-Caipo
- Dirección Ejecutiva de Salud Ambiental, Dirección Sub Regional de Salud Cutervo, Dirección Regional de Salud Cajamarca, Peru
| | | | - Ken Katakura
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Hashiguchi
- Department of Parasitology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan; Centro de Biomedicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador; Prometeo, Secretaría Nacional de Educacion Superior, Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion (SENESCYT), Ecuador
| | - Hirotomo Kato
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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22
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Pedersen MW, Overballe-Petersen S, Ermini L, Sarkissian CD, Haile J, Hellstrom M, Spens J, Thomsen PF, Bohmann K, Cappellini E, Schnell IB, Wales NA, Carøe C, Campos PF, Schmidt AMZ, Gilbert MTP, Hansen AJ, Orlando L, Willerslev E. Ancient and modern environmental DNA. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2015; 370:20130383. [PMID: 25487334 PMCID: PMC4275890 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA obtained from environmental samples such as sediments, ice or water (environmental DNA, eDNA), represents an important source of information on past and present biodiversity. It has revealed an ancient forest in Greenland, extended by several thousand years the survival dates for mainland woolly mammoth in Alaska, and pushed back the dates for spruce survival in Scandinavian ice-free refugia during the last glaciation. More recently, eDNA was used to uncover the past 50 000 years of vegetation history in the Arctic, revealing massive vegetation turnover at the Pleistocene/Holocene transition, with implications for the extinction of megafauna. Furthermore, eDNA can reflect the biodiversity of extant flora and fauna, both qualitatively and quantitatively, allowing detection of rare species. As such, trace studies of plant and vertebrate DNA in the environment have revolutionized our knowledge of biogeography. However, the approach remains marred by biases related to DNA behaviour in environmental settings, incomplete reference databases and false positive results due to contamination. We provide a review of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Winther Pedersen
- Centre for GeoGenetics, The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Oester Voldgade 5-7, Copenhagen C 1350, Denmark
| | - Søren Overballe-Petersen
- Centre for GeoGenetics, The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Oester Voldgade 5-7, Copenhagen C 1350, Denmark
| | - Luca Ermini
- Centre for GeoGenetics, The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Oester Voldgade 5-7, Copenhagen C 1350, Denmark
| | - Clio Der Sarkissian
- Centre for GeoGenetics, The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Oester Voldgade 5-7, Copenhagen C 1350, Denmark
| | - James Haile
- Centre for GeoGenetics, The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Oester Voldgade 5-7, Copenhagen C 1350, Denmark Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Micaela Hellstrom
- Centre for GeoGenetics, The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Oester Voldgade 5-7, Copenhagen C 1350, Denmark
| | - Johan Spens
- Centre for GeoGenetics, The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Oester Voldgade 5-7, Copenhagen C 1350, Denmark Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, SLU, Umeå S-901 83, Sweden
| | - Philip Francis Thomsen
- Centre for GeoGenetics, The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Oester Voldgade 5-7, Copenhagen C 1350, Denmark
| | - Kristine Bohmann
- Centre for GeoGenetics, The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Oester Voldgade 5-7, Copenhagen C 1350, Denmark School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UG, UK
| | - Enrico Cappellini
- Centre for GeoGenetics, The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Oester Voldgade 5-7, Copenhagen C 1350, Denmark
| | - Ida Bærholm Schnell
- Centre for GeoGenetics, The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Oester Voldgade 5-7, Copenhagen C 1350, Denmark Center for Zoo and Wild Animal Health, Copenhagen Zoo, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Nathan A Wales
- Centre for GeoGenetics, The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Oester Voldgade 5-7, Copenhagen C 1350, Denmark
| | - Christian Carøe
- Centre for GeoGenetics, The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Oester Voldgade 5-7, Copenhagen C 1350, Denmark
| | - Paula F Campos
- Centre for GeoGenetics, The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Oester Voldgade 5-7, Copenhagen C 1350, Denmark
| | - Astrid M Z Schmidt
- Centre for GeoGenetics, The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Oester Voldgade 5-7, Copenhagen C 1350, Denmark
| | - M Thomas P Gilbert
- Centre for GeoGenetics, The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Oester Voldgade 5-7, Copenhagen C 1350, Denmark
| | - Anders J Hansen
- Centre for GeoGenetics, The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Oester Voldgade 5-7, Copenhagen C 1350, Denmark
| | - Ludovic Orlando
- Centre for GeoGenetics, The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Oester Voldgade 5-7, Copenhagen C 1350, Denmark
| | - Eske Willerslev
- Centre for GeoGenetics, The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Oester Voldgade 5-7, Copenhagen C 1350, Denmark
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23
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Kato H, Cáceres AG, Gomez EA, Mimori T, Uezato H, Hashiguchi Y. Genetic divergence in populations of Lutzomyia ayacuchensis, a vector of Andean-type cutaneous leishmaniasis, in Ecuador and Peru. Acta Trop 2015; 141:79-87. [PMID: 25312337 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Haplotype and gene network analyses were performed on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and cytochrome b gene sequences of Lutzomyia (Lu.) ayacuchensis populations from Andean areas of Ecuador and southern Peru where the sand fly species transmit Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana and Leishmania (Viannia) peruviana, respectively, and populations from the northern Peruvian Andes, for which transmission of Leishmania by Lu. ayacuchensis has not been reported. The haplotype analyses showed higher intrapopulation genetic divergence in northern Peruvian Andes populations and less divergence in the southern Peru and Ecuador populations, suggesting that a population bottleneck occurred in the latter populations, but not in former ones. Importantly, both haplotype and phylogenetic analyses showed that populations from Ecuador consisted of clearly distinct clusters from southern Peru, and the two populations were separated from those of northern Peru.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotomo Kato
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Abraham G Cáceres
- Departamento Académico de Microbiología Médica, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru; Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru
| | - Eduardo A Gomez
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Catolica de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Tatsuyuki Mimori
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uezato
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Hashiguchi
- Department of Parasitology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan; Prometeo, Secretaria Nacional de Educacion Superior, Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion (SENESCYT), Quito, Ecuador; Centro de Biomedicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
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24
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Depaquit J. Molecular systematics applied to Phlebotomine sandflies: Review and perspectives. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 28:744-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Contreras Gutiérrez MA, Vivero RJ, Vélez ID, Porter CH, Uribe S. DNA barcoding for the identification of sand fly species (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) in Colombia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85496. [PMID: 24454877 PMCID: PMC3893204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sand flies include a group of insects that are of medical importance and that vary in geographic distribution, ecology, and pathogen transmission. Approximately 163 species of sand flies have been reported in Colombia. Surveillance of the presence of sand fly species and the actualization of species distribution are important for predicting risks for and monitoring the expansion of diseases which sand flies can transmit. Currently, the identification of phlebotomine sand flies is based on morphological characters. However, morphological identification requires considerable skills and taxonomic expertise. In addition, significant morphological similarity between some species, especially among females, may cause difficulties during the identification process. DNA-based approaches have become increasingly useful and promising tools for estimating sand fly diversity and for ensuring the rapid and accurate identification of species. A partial sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase gene subunit I (COI) is currently being used to differentiate species in different animal taxa, including insects, and it is referred as a barcoding sequence. The present study explored the utility of the DNA barcode approach for the identification of phlebotomine sand flies in Colombia. We sequenced 700 bp of the COI gene from 36 species collected from different geographic localities. The COI barcode sequence divergence within a single species was <2% in most cases, whereas this divergence ranged from 9% to 26.6% among different species. These results indicated that the barcoding gene correctly discriminated among the previously morphologically identified species with an efficacy of nearly 100%. Analyses of the generated sequences indicated that the observed species groupings were consistent with the morphological identifications. In conclusion, the barcoding gene was useful for species discrimination in sand flies from Colombia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael J. Vivero
- Program of Study and Control of Tropical Diseases, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Iván D. Vélez
- Program of Study and Control of Tropical Diseases, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Charles H. Porter
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Sandra Uribe
- Molecular Systematics Group, National University of Colombia, Medellin, Colombia
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26
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Chargui N, Haouas N, Slama D, Gorcii M, Jaouadi K, Essabbah-Aguir N, Mezhoud H, Babba H. Transmission of visceral leishmaniasis in a previously non-endemic region of Tunisia: detection of Leishmania DNA in Phlebotomus perniciosus. JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2013; 38:1-5. [PMID: 23701601 DOI: 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2013.12000.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has been endemic in northern Tunisia and has occurred sporadically in the center of Tunisia. Recently, there have been several cases from areas known to be free of VL. We report in this work all human and canine cases of VL recorded between 2003 and 2011 and an entomological study of phlebotomine fauna in a previously non-endemic region. Sixty-three cases of VL were diagnosed and identified as L. infantum using several different methods. Eight species of 179 sand flies were caught and identified by both morphological and molecular methods. Two genera were present, Phlebotomus and Sergentomya, with an abundance of the subgenus Phlebotomus (Larrousius) spp., a classic vector of VL in Tunisia. Moreover, Leishmania DNA was detected in seven unfed Phlebotomus pernicousus and L. infantum was identified in three of them. This result confirms the establishment of a transmission cycle of VL in the studied region by the coexistence of infected vectors with infected hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla Chargui
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Clinical Biology Department, 99-UR/08-05 Monastir, Tunisia.
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27
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Yamamoto K, Cáceres AG, Gomez EA, Mimori T, Iwata H, Korenaga M, Sakurai T, Katakura K, Hashiguchi Y, Kato H. Genetic diversity of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene in Lutzomyia spp., with special reference to Lutzomyia peruensis, a main vector of Leishmania (Viannia) peruviana in the Peruvian Andes. Acta Trop 2013; 126:156-63. [PMID: 23416127 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The genetic divergence caused by genetic drift and/or selection is suggested to affect the vectorial capacity and insecticide susceptibility of sand flies, as well as other arthropods. In the present study, cytochrome b (cyt b) gene sequences were determined in 13 species circulating in Peru to establish a basis for analysis of the genetic structure, and the intraspecific genetic diversity was assessed in the Lutzomyia (Lu.) peruensis, a main vector species of Leishmania (Viannia) peruviana in Peruvian Andes. Analysis of intraspecific genetic diversity in the cyt b gene sequences from 36 Lu. peruensis identified 3 highly polymorphic sites in the middle region of the gene. Haplotype and gene network analyses were performed on the cyt b gene sequences of 130 Lu. peruensis in 9 Andean areas from 3 Departments (Ancash, Lima and La Libertad). The results showed that the populations of La Libertad were highly polymorphic and that their haplotypes were distinct from those of Ancash and Lima, where dominant haplotypes were observed, suggesting that a population bottleneck may have occurred in Ancash and Lima, but not in La Libertad. The present study indicated that the middle region of the cyt b gene is useful for the analysis of genetic structure in sand fly populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
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28
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Valdivia HO, De Los Santos MB, Fernandez R, Baldeviano GC, Zorrilla VO, Vera H, Lucas CM, Edgel KA, Lescano AG, Mundal KD, Graf PCF. Natural Leishmania infection of Lutzomyia auraensis in Madre de Dios, Peru, detected by a fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based real-time polymerase chain reaction. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2012; 87:511-7. [PMID: 22802444 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania species of the Viannia subgenus are responsible for most cases of New World tegumentary leishmaniasis. However, little is known about the vectors involved in disease transmission in the Amazon regions of Peru. We used a novel real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to assess Leishmania infections in phlebotomines collected in rural areas of Madre de Dios, Peru. A total of 1,299 non-blood fed female sand flies from 33 species were captured by using miniature CDC light traps. Lutzomyia auraensis was the most abundant species (63%) in this area. Seven of 164 pools were positive by PCR for Leishmania by kinetoplast DNA. The real-time PCR identified four Lu. auraensis pools as positive for L. (Viannia) lainsoni and L. (V.) braziliensis. The minimum infection prevalence for Lu. auraensis was estimated to be 0.6% (95% confidence interval = 0.20-1.42%). Further studies are needed to assess the importance of Lu. auraensis in the transmission of New World tegumentary leishmaniasis in hyperendemic areas of Peru.
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29
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Espíndola A, Buerki S, Jacquier A, Ježek J, Alvarez N. Phylogenetic relationships in the subfamily Psychodinae (Diptera, Psychodidae). ZOOL SCR 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00544.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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30
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Beati L, Patel J, Lucas-Williams H, Adakal H, Kanduma EG, Tembo-Mwase E, Krecek R, Mertins JW, Alfred JT, Kelly S, Kelly P. Phylogeography and demographic history of Amblyomma variegatum (Fabricius) (Acari: Ixodidae), the tropical bont tick. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2012; 12:514-25. [PMID: 22448720 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2011.0859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic diversity of Amblyomma variegatum (Fabricius) from four Caribbean islands and five African countries was compared by analyzing the sequences of three gene fragments, two mitochondrial (12SrDNA and D-Loop-DL), and one nuclear (intergenic transcribed spacer 2 [ITS2]). Genetic variability of the ITS2 DNA fragment consisted of only uninformative single nucleotide mutations, and therefore this gene was excluded from further analyses. Mitochondrial gene divergences among African populations and between Caribbean and African populations were very low. Nevertheless, the data suggest that A. variegatum is divided into distinct East and West African groups, the western group including all Caribbean samples. Phylogenetic analyses of the 12SrDNA and DL gene sequences showed that the West African A. variegatum clustered in a well-supported monophyletic clade, distinct from eastern paraphyletic lineages. Sequences of A. variegatum from the Caribbean were embedded in the West African clade, which supports the known West African historical origin for these ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Beati
- Institute of Arthropodology and Parasitology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia 3046, USA.
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31
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Fujita M, Kato H, Cáceres AG, Gomez EA, Velez L, Mimori T, Zhang F, Iwata H, Korenaga M, Sakurai T, Katakura K, Hashiguchi Y. Genotyping of sand fly species in Peruvian Andes where leishmaniasis is endemic. Acta Trop 2012; 121:93-8. [PMID: 22015424 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Genotyping of sand fly species circulating in Peru was established on the basis of PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of the 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene. The sequences of 18S rRNA gene fragments from 12 Lutzomyia and 1 Warileya species were determined and their RFLP-patterns were analyzed. Consequently, RFLP analysis with the restriction enzyme AfaI and then HapII or KpnI, followed by XspI successfully differentiated them. Intraspecific genetic diversity affecting RFLP-patterns was not detected in the specimens collected from 24 areas of 8 departments. The genotyping was applied to the surveillance of sand flies collected from Andean areas where leishmaniasis is endemic, and its usability was verified. The present method promises to be a powerful tool for the classification and surveillance of sand flies circulating in Peru.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Fujita
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Japan
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32
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Shimabukuro PHF, Galati EAB. Lista de espécies de Phlebotominae (Diptera, Psychodidae) do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, com comentários sobre sua distribuição geográfica. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s1676-06032011000500033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Os flebotomíneos são insetos de interesse médico, responsáveis pela transmissão de protozoários parasitas do gênero Leishmania entre animais reservatórios humanos e não-humanos, os quais são encontrados em todo o Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. As 69 espécies de flebotomíneos registradas no Estado de São Paulo, incluindo 7 espécies registradas aqui pela primeira vez, estão organizadas em uma lista de espécies utilizando a classificação filogenética de Galati (2003). Nossa lista de espécies incorpora e atualiza os dados publicados por Barretto (1947) e Martins et al. (1978), e inclui registros para mais 33 espécies retirados da literatura publicada desde então, e também da observação de espécimes depositados em coleções entomológicas. Para cada espécie de flebotomíneo, a distribuição geográfica por município é fornecida, com comentários sobre a distribuição de seis vetores de leishmaniose cutânea, bem como de Lutzomyia longipalpis, o principal vetor de leishmaniose visceral.
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33
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Mengual X, Ståhls G, Rojo S. Is the mega-diverse genus Ocyptamus (Diptera, Syrphidae) monophyletic? Evidence from molecular characters including the secondary structure of 28S rRNA. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2011; 62:191-205. [PMID: 21985963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Phylogenetic relationships between two New World Syrphinae taxa (Diptera, Syrphidae), i.e. the highly diverse genus Ocyptamus and the large genus Toxomerus, were analysed based on molecular characters. The monophyly of both taxa was tested and the taxonomic status of included subgenera and species groups was examined. Toxomerus constitutes the monogeneric tribe Toxomerini with more than 140 described species, while Ocyptamus (tribe Syrphini) is a very diverse genus (over 300 spp.) with multiple recognised subgenera and species groups. Sequence data from three gene regions were used: the mitochondrial protein-coding gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and the nuclear 28S and 18S ribosomal RNA genes. The secondary structure of two expansion segments (D2, D3) of the ribosomal 28S RNA gene is presented for the family Syrphidae and used for the first time in a multiple sequence alignment. Molecular data were analysed using parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. Toxomerus was always recovered as monophyletic within Ocyptamus, and relationships to other New World taxa such as Salpingogaster (Eosalpingogaster) were well-supported. Only the subgenera and species groups of Ocyptamus were consistently recovered as monophyletic lineages, thus the apparent non-monophyly of Ocyptamus demands reclassification of this clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximo Mengual
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC-0169, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA.
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Vigoder FM, Souza NA, Peixoto AA. Copulatory courtship song in Lutzomyia migonei (Diptera: psychodidae). Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2011; 105:1065-7. [PMID: 21225208 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762010000800020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lutzomyia migonei is a vector of leishmaniasis with a wide distribution in South America, which could favour population differentiation and speciation. Cryptic species of the Lutzomyia longipalpis complex, the widely distributed sand fly vector of visceral leishmaniasis in Latin America, have previously been shown to display distinct copulation songs. We found that Lu. migonei males also produce a song during copulation. This "lovesong" presents short trains (6-8 pulses) with an inter-pulse interval around 26 ms and is potentially involved in cryptic female choice and insemination success.
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Cohnstaedt LW, Beati L, Caceres AG, Ferro C, Munstermann LE. Phylogenetics of the phlebotomine sand fly group Verrucarum (Diptera: Psychodidae: Lutzomyia). Am J Trop Med Hyg 2011; 84:913-22. [PMID: 21633028 PMCID: PMC3110367 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.11-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the sand fly genus Lutzomyia, the Verrucarum species group contains several of the principal vectors of American cutaneous leishmaniasis and human bartonellosis in the Andean region of South America. The group encompasses 40 species for which the taxonomic status, phylogenetic relationships, and role of each species in disease transmission remain unresolved. Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) phylogenetic analysis of a 667-bp fragment supported the morphological classification of the Verrucarum group into series. Genetic sequences from seven species were grouped in well-supported monophyletic lineages. Four species, however, clustered in two paraphyletic lineages that indicate conspecificity--the Lutzomyia longiflocosa-Lutzomyia sauroida pair and the Lutzomyia quasitownsendi-Lutzomyia torvida pair. COI sequences were also evaluated as a taxonomic tool based on interspecific genetic variability within the Verrucarum group and the intraspecific variability of one of its members, Lutzomyia verrucarum, across its known distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee W Cohnstaedt
- Arthropod-Borne Animal Disease Research Unit, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA.
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Azpurua J, De La Cruz D, Valderama A, Windsor D. Lutzomyia sand fly diversity and rates of infection by Wolbachia and an exotic Leishmania species on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2010; 4:e627. [PMID: 20231892 PMCID: PMC2834748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) in the genus Lutzomyia are the predominant vectors of the protozoan disease leishmaniasis in the New World. Within the watershed of the Panama Canal, the cutaneous form of leishmaniasis is a continuous health threat for residents, tourists and members of an international research community. Here we report the results of screening a tropical forest assemblage of sand fly species for infection by both Leishmania and a microbe that can potentially serve in vector population control, the cytoplasmically transmitted rickettsia, Wolbachia pipientis. Knowing accurately which Lutzomyia species are present, what their evolutionary relationships are, and how they are infected by strains of both Leishmania and Wolbachia is of critical value for building strategies to mitigate the impact of this disease in humans. Methodology and Findings We collected, sorted and then used DNA sequences to determine the diversity and probable phylogenetic relationships of the Phlebotominae occurring in the understory of Barro Colorado Island in the Republic of Panama. Sequence from CO1, the DNA barcoding gene, supported 18 morphology-based species determinations while revealing the presence of two possible “cryptic” species, one (Lu. sp. nr vespertilionis) within the Vespertilionis group, the other (Lu. gomezi) within the Lutzomyia-cruciata series. Using ITS-1 and “minicircle” primers we detected Leishmania DNA in 43.3% of Lu. trapidoi, 26.3% of Lu. gomezi individuals and in 0% of the other 18 sand fly species. Identical ITS-1 sequence was obtained from the Leishmania infecting Lu. trapidoi and Lu. gomezi, sequence which was 93% similar to Leishmania (viannia) naiffi in GenBank, a species previously unknown in Panama, but recognized as a type of cutaneous leishmaniasis vectored broadly across northern and central South America. Distinct strains of the intracellular bacterium Wolbachia were detected in three of 20 sand fly species, including Lu. trapidoi, in which it frequently co-occurred with Leishmania. Conclusions Both morphological and molecular methods were used to examine an assemblage of 20 sand fly species occurring in the forests of the Panama Canal area. Two of these species, members of separate clades, were found to carry Leishmania at high frequency and hence are likely vectors of leishmaniasis to humans or other mammal species. A single Leishmania species, identified with high confidence as Le. naiffi, was carried by both species. That Le. naiffi is known to cause cutaneous lesions in South America but has hitherto not been reported or implicated in Panama opens the possibility that its range has recently expanded to include the Isthmus or that it occurs as a recent introduction. The occurrence of Leishmania and Wolbachia in Lu. trapidoi identifies one important vector of the disease as a potential target for gene introductions using Wolbachia population sweeps. Certain sand fly species living inside or on the edge of tropical forests are well known to transmit a protozoan to humans, which in lowland Panama develops into a cutaneous form of leishmaniasis; open, itching sores on the face and extremities requiring aggressive treatment with antimonial compounds. Morphological characters and DNA sequence from mitochondrial and nuclear gene fragments permitted us to identify and then establish historical relationships among 20 common sand fly species occurring in the understory of Barro Colorado Island, a forested preserve in the middle of the Panama Canal. Individuals in three of these sand fly species were found to be 26–43% infected by Leishmania naiffi, a species hitherto known only from the Amazonian region and the Caribbean. We then screened the same 20 sand fly species for the cytoplasmically transmitted bacteria Wolbachia pipientis, finding three infected at high rates, each by a distinct strain. Lutzomyia trapidoi, the most likely transmitter of Leishmania to humans in Panama, was among the Wolbachia-infected species, thus marking it as a possible high-value target for future biocontrol studies using the bacteria either to induce mating incompatabilities or to drive selected genes into the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Azpurua
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Dianne De La Cruz
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Anayansi Valderama
- Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estúdios para la Salud, Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Donald Windsor
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá, República de Panamá
- * E-mail:
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Molecular epidemiology for vector research on leishmaniasis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2010; 7:814-26. [PMID: 20617005 PMCID: PMC2872317 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph7030814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Revised: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a protozoan disease caused by the genus Leishmania transmitted by female phlebotomine sand flies. Surveillance of the prevalence of Leishmania and responsive vector species in endemic and surrounding areas is important for predicting the risk and expansion of the disease. Molecular biological methods are now widely applied to epidemiological studies of infectious diseases including leishmaniasis. These techniques are used to detect natural infections of sand fly vectors with Leishmania protozoa and are becoming powerful tools due to their sensitivity and specificity. Recently, genetic analyses have been performed on sand fly species and genotyping using PCR-RFLP has been applied to the sand fly taxonomy. In addition, a molecular mass screening method has been established that enables both sand fly species and natural leishmanial infections to be identified simultaneously in hundreds of sand flies with limited effort. This paper reviews recent advances in the study of sand flies, vectors of leishmaniasis, using molecular biological approaches.
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Jones LA, Cohnstaedt LW, Beati L, Terán R, León R, Munstermann LE. NEW RECORDS OF PHLEBOTOMINE SAND FLIES (DIPTERA: PSYCHODIDAE) FROM ECUADOR. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 2010; 112:47-53. [PMID: 22628901 PMCID: PMC3357946 DOI: 10.4289/0013-8797-112.1.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The number of recorded phlebotomine sand fly species in Ecuador has nearly doubled during the past 20 years as a result of surveys. In 2005, a sand fly survey of two localities, Tiputini in the Amazon rain forest and Paraiso Escondido in the Pacific coastal lowland forest, resulted in the capture of 25 species. New records for Ecuador consisted of five species from the Amazonian region and one from Paraiso Escondido. The Amazonian species were Nyssomyia richardwardi (Ready and Fraiha), Psathyromyia dreisbachi (Causey and Damasceno), Psathyromyia runoides (Fairchild and Hertig), Trichophoromyia pabloi (Barretto, Burbano and Young), and Trichopygomyia witoto (Young and Morales). The Pacific coastal lowland species was Psathyromyia punctigeniculata (Floch and Abonnenc).
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Pinto IS, Filho JDA, Santos CB, Falqueto A, Leite YLR. Phylogenetic relationships among species of Lutzomyia, subgenus Lutzomyia (Diptera: Psychodidae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2010; 47:16-21. [PMID: 20180303 DOI: 10.1603/033.047.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Lutzomyia França is the largest and most diverse sand fly genus in the New World and contains all the species involved in the transmission of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL). Morphological characters were used to test the monophyly and to infer phylogenetic relationships among members of the Lutzomyia subgenus. Fifty-two morphological characters from male and female adult specimens belonging to 18 species of Lu. (Lutzomyia) were scored and analyzed. The resulting phylogeny confirms the monophyly of this subgenus and reveals four main internal clades. These four clades, however, do not support the classification of the subgenus in two series, longipalpis and cavernicola, because neither is necessarily monophyletic. Knowledge on phylogenetic relationships among these relevant vectors of AVL should be used as a tool for monitoring target taxa and a first step for establishing an early warning system for disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel S Pinto
- Unidade de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos 1468, 29043-900 Vit6ria, ES, Brazil.
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Kuwahara K, Kato H, Gomez EA, Uezato H, Mimori T, Yamamoto YI, Calvopiña M, Cáceres AG, Iwata H, Hashiguchi Y. Genetic diversity of ribosomal RNA internal transcribed spacer sequences in Lutzomyia species from areas endemic for New World cutaneous leishmaniasis. Acta Trop 2009; 112:131-6. [PMID: 19631188 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, each of 60 rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 and ITS2 sequences was determined from 44 individuals of 14 morphologically identified New World sand fly Lutzomyia species in Ecuador, and their interspecies and intraspecies genetic diversity was compared. Distinguishing between related species based on the ITS1 sequence was difficult because of variability, while the genetic diversity of ITS2 was distinct even among closely related species. Further, an assessment of intraspecies ITS sequence diversity in the subgenus Helcocyrtomyia revealed no correlation between sequence variation and geographic distribution. The results strongly suggested ITS2 to be a more suitable marker than ITS1 for the taxonomic analysis of Lutzomyia species including closely related species. Moreover, neither ITS sequence may be useful for the analysis of population structures in Lutzomyia species.
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Flebótomos (Diptera: Psychodidae) del departamento de Guaviare, Colombia, con nuevos registros para el país. BIOMÉDICA 2009. [DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v29i1.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Terayama Y, Kato H, Gomez EA, Uezato H, Calvopiña M, Iwata H, Hashiguchi Y. Molecular typing of sand fly species (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) from areas endemic for Leishmaniasis in Ecuador by PCR-RFLP of 18S ribosomal RNA gene. J Vet Med Sci 2008; 70:907-13. [PMID: 18840964 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.70.907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Surveillance of the distribution of sand fly species is important for prediction of the risk and expansion of Leishmania infection in endemic and surrounding areas. In the present study, a simple and reliable method of typing New World Lutzomyia species circulating in endemic areas in Ecuador was established by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique. PCR-RFLP of 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes with the restriction enzyme AfaI and subsequently HinfI successfully identified seven sand fly species in nine endemic areas in Ecuador. Although intraspecific genetic-diversity affecting the RFLP-patterns was detected in a species, the patterns were species specific. The method promises to be a powerful tool for the classification of New World Lutzomyia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Terayama
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
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Beati L, Keirans JE, Durden LA, Opiang MD. Bothriocroton oudemansi (Neumann, 1910) n. comb. (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae), an ectoparasite of the western long-beaked echidna in Papua New Guinea: redescription of the male and first description of the female and nymph. Syst Parasitol 2008; 69:185-200. [DOI: 10.1007/s11230-007-9115-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2006] [Accepted: 04/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Análisis de la estructura primaria y secundaria del ARN de transferencia mitocondrial para serina en siete especies de Lutzomyia. BIOMEDICA 2007. [DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v27i3.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Balitzki-Korte B, Anslinger K, Bartsch C, Rolf B. Species identification by means of pyrosequencing the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene. Int J Legal Med 2005; 119:291-4. [PMID: 15875208 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-005-0537-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2004] [Accepted: 02/21/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a new method for species identification based on the analysis of a very short nucleotide sequence. For this reason, the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene, together with the new method of pyrosequencing, was used. The detection of only 20 nucleotides, following the sequencing primer within a 149-bp fragment by pyrosequencing, was sufficient to identify the biological origin of the samples by alignment with a reference sequence database. A case example with a piece of skin is presented, and the question whether this piece of skin came from a missing wife or from an animal could be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Balitzki-Korte
- Department of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 58, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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