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Spasovski V, Romolo A, Zagorc U, Arrigler V, Kisovec M, Bedina Zavec A, Arko M, Molnár A, Schlosser G, Iglič A, Kogej K, Kralj-Iglič V. Characterization of Nanohybridosomes from Lipids and Spruce Homogenate Containing Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:1709-1721. [PMID: 38410418 PMCID: PMC10896108 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s432836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lipid nanovesicles associated with bioactive phytochemicals from spruce needle homogenate (here called nano-sized hybridosomes or nanohybridosomes, NSHs) were considered. Methods We formed NSHs by mixing appropriate amounts of lecithin, glycerol and supernatant of isolation of extracellular vesicles from spruce needle homogenate. We visualized NSHs by light microscopy and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy and assessed them by flow cytometry, dynamic light scattering, ultraviolet-visual spectroscopy, interferometric light microscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results We found that the particles consisted of a bilayer membrane and a fluid-like interior. Flow cytometry and interferometric light microscopy measurements showed that the majority of the particles were nano-sized. Dynamic light scattering and interferometric light microscopy measurements agreed well on the average hydrodynamic radius of the particles Rh (between 140 and 180 nm), while the concentrations of the particles were in the range between 1013 and 1014/mL indicating that NSHs present a considerable (more than 25%) of the sample which is much more than the yield of natural extracellular vesicles (EVs) from spruce needle homogenate (estimated less than 1%). Spruce specific lipids and proteins were found in hybridosomes. Discussion Simple and low-cost preparation method, non-demanding saving process and efficient formation procedure suggest that large-scale production of NSHs from lipids and spruce needle homogenate is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Spasovski
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Anna Romolo
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Laboratory of Physics, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urška Zagorc
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vesna Arrigler
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matic Kisovec
- National Institute of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Apolonija Bedina Zavec
- National Institute of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matevž Arko
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Adrienn Molnár
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-ELTE Lendület Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gitta Schlosser
- MTA-ELTE Lendület Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Aleš Iglič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Laboratory of Physics, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ksenija Kogej
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Veronika Kralj-Iglič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Zhang T, Xu X, Pan Y, Yang H, Han J, Liu J, Liu W. Specific surface modification of liposomes for gut targeting of food bioactive agents. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:3685-3706. [PMID: 37548603 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes have become a research hotspot in recent years as food delivery systems with attractive properties, including the bilayer structure assembled like the cell membrane, reducing the side-effect and improving environmental stability of cargos, controlling release, extending duration of functional ingredients, and high biodegradable and biocompatible abilities in the body. However, the conventional liposomes lack stability during storage and are weak in targeted absorption in the gastrointestinal track. At present, surface modification has been approved to be an effective platform to shield these barricades and help liposomes deliver the agents safely and effectively to the ideal site. In this review, the gastrointestinal stability of conventional liposomes, cargo release models from liposomes, and the biological fate of the core materials after release were emphasized. Then, the strategies in both physical and chemical perspectives to improve the stability and utilization of liposomes in the gastrointestinal tract, and the emerging approaches for improving gut targeting by specifically modified liposomes and the intestinal receptors relative to liposomes/cargos absorption were highlighted. Last but not the least, the safety, challenges, and opportunities for the improvement of liposomal bioavailability were also discussed to inspire new applications of liposomes as oral carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Food Nutrition Science Center, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiankang Xu
- Food Nutrition Science Center, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Pan
- Food Nutrition Science Center, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Food Nutrition Science Center, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianzhong Han
- Food Nutrition Science Center, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weilin Liu
- Food Nutrition Science Center, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Fadaei MR, Mohammadi M, Fadaei MS, Jaafari MR. The crossroad of nanovesicles and oral delivery of insulin. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:1387-1413. [PMID: 37791986 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2266992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus is one of the challenging health problems worldwide. Multiple daily subcutaneous injection of insulin causes poor compliance in patients. Development of efficient oral formulations to improve the quality of life of such patients has been an important goal in pharmaceutical industry. However, due to serious issues such as low bioavailability and instability, it has not been achieved yet. AREAS COVERED Due to functional properties of the vesicles and the fact that hepatic-directed vesicles of insulin could reach the clinical phases, we focused on three main vesicular delivery systems for oral delivery of insulin: liposomes, niosomes, and polymersomes. Recent papers were thoroughly discussed to provide a broad overview of such oral delivery systems. EXPERT OPINION Although conventional liposomes are unstable in the presence of bile salts, their further modifications such as surface coating could increase their stability in the GI tract. Bilosomes showed good flexibility and stability in GI fluids. Also, niosomes were stable, but they could not induce significant hypoglycemia in animal studies. Although polymersomes were effective, they are expensive and there are some issues about their safety and industrial scale-up. Also, we believe that other modifications such as addition of a targeting agent or surface coating of the vesicles could significantly increase the bioavailability of insulin-loaded vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Fadaei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marzieh Mohammadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saleh Fadaei
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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4
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Goo YT, Lee S, Choi JY, Kim MS, Sin GH, Hong SH, Kim CH, Song SH, Choi YW. Enhanced oral absorption of insulin: hydrophobic ion pairing and a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system using a D-optimal mixture design. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:2831-2845. [PMID: 36050870 PMCID: PMC9448375 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2118399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipophilicity of a peptide drug can be considerably increased by hydrophobic ion pairing with amphiphilic counterions for successful incorporation into lipid-based formulations. Herein, to enhance the oral absorption of insulin (INS), a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) formulation was developed. Prior to optimization, INS was complexed with sodium n-octadecyl sulfate (SOS) to increase the loading into the SMEDDS. The INS–SOS complex was characterized via scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and its dissociation behavior. The SMEDDS was optimized using a D-optimal mixture design with three independent variables including Capmul MCM (X1, 9.31%), Labrasol (X2, 49.77%), and Tetraglycol (X3, 40.92%) and three response variables including droplet size (Y1, 115.2 nm), INS stability (Y2, 46.75%), and INS leakage (Y3, 17.67%). The desirability function was 0.766, indicating excellent agreement between the predicted and experimental values. The stability of INS-SOS against gastrointestinal enzymes was noticeably improved in the SMEDDS, and the majority of INS remained in oil droplets during release. Following oral administration in diabetic rats, the optimized SMEDDS resulted in pharmacological availabilities of 3.23% (50 IU/kg) and 2.13% (100 IU/kg). Thus, the optimized SMEDDS is a good candidate for the practical development of oral delivery of peptide drugs such as INS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Tae Goo
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeh Choi
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Min Song Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Hyeong Sin
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ho Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seh Hyon Song
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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5
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Gupta A, Gupta GS. Applications of mannose-binding lectins and mannan glycoconjugates in nanomedicine. JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FORUM FOR NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 24:228. [PMID: 36373057 PMCID: PMC9638366 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-022-05594-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Glycosylated nanoparticles (NPs) have drawn a lot of attention in the biomedical field over the past few decades, particularly in applications like targeted drug delivery. Mannosylated NPs and mannan-binding lectins/proteins (MBL/MBP) are emerging as promising tools for delivery of drugs, medicines, and enzymes to targeted tissues and cells as nanocarriers, enhancing their therapeutic benefits while avoiding the adverse effects of the drug. The occurrence of plenty of lectin receptors and their mannan ligands on cell surfaces makes them multifaceted carriers appropriate for specific delivery of bioactive drug materials to their targeted sites. Thus, the present review describes the tethering of mannose (Man) to several nanostructures, like micelles, liposomes, and other NPs, applicable for drug delivery systems. Bioadhesion through MBL-like receptors on cells has involvements applicable to additional arenas of science, for example gene delivery, tissue engineering, biomaterials, and nanotechnology. This review also focuses on the role of various aspects of drug/antigen delivery using (i) mannosylated NPs, (ii) mannosylated lectins, (iii) amphiphilic glycopolymer NPs, and (iv) natural mannan-containing polysaccharides, with most significant applications of MBL-based NPs as multivalent scaffolds, using different strategies. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT Mannosylated NPs and/or MBL/MBP are coming up as viable and versatile tools as nanocarriers to deliver drugs and enzymes precisely to their target tissues or cells. The presence of abundant number of lectin receptors and their mannan ligands on cell surfaces makes them versatile carriers suitable for the targeted delivery of bioactive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Gupta
- Chitkara School of Health Sciences, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - G. S. Gupta
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014 India
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Abeyrathne EDNS, Nam KC, Huang X, Ahn DU. Egg yolk lipids: separation, characterization, and utilization. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 31:1243-1256. [PMID: 35992319 PMCID: PMC9385935 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Egg yolk contains very high levels of lipids, which comprise 33% of whole egg yolk. Although triglyceride is the main lipid, egg yolk is the richest source of phospholipids and cholesterol in nature. The egg yolk phospholipids have a unique composition with high levels of phosphatidylcholine followed by phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin, plasmalogen, and phosphatidylinositol. All the egg yolk lipids are embedded inside the HDL and LDL micelles or granular particles. Egg yolk lipids can be easily extracted using solvents or supercritical extraction methods but their commercial applications of egg yolk lipids are limited. Egg yolk lipids have excellent potential as a food ingredient or cosmeceutical, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical agents because they have excellent functional and biological characteristics. This review summarizes the current knowledge on egg yolk lipids' extraction methods and functions and discusses their current and future use, which will be important to increase the use and value of the egg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edirisingha Dewage Nalaka Sandun Abeyrathne
- Department of Animal Science, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla, 90000 Sri Lanka
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Suncheon National University, Suncheon, 57922 Korea
| | - Ki-Chang Nam
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Suncheon National University, Suncheon, 57922 Korea
| | - Xi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Uk Ahn
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
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7
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Xu Y, Fourniols T, Labrak Y, Préat V, Beloqui A, des Rieux A. Surface Modification of Lipid-Based Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2022; 16:7168-7196. [PMID: 35446546 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the development of lipid-based nanocarriers for multiple purposes, including the recent increase of these nanocarriers as vaccine components during the COVID-19 pandemic. The number of studies that involve the surface modification of nanocarriers to improve their performance (increase the delivery of a therapeutic to its target site with less off-site accumulation) is enormous. The present review aims to provide an overview of various methods associated with lipid nanoparticle grafting, including techniques used to separate grafted nanoparticles from unbound ligands or to characterize grafted nanoparticles. We also provide a critical perspective on the usefulness and true impact of these modifications on overcoming different biological barriers, with our prediction on what to expect in the near future in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Xu
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Avenue Mounier, 73 B1.73.12, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thibaut Fourniols
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Avenue Mounier, 73 B1.73.12, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yasmine Labrak
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Avenue Mounier, 73 B1.73.12, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Avenue Mounier, 72 B1.72.01, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Véronique Préat
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Avenue Mounier, 73 B1.73.12, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ana Beloqui
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Avenue Mounier, 73 B1.73.12, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne des Rieux
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Avenue Mounier, 73 B1.73.12, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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8
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Interactions between Nanoparticles and Intestine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084339. [PMID: 35457155 PMCID: PMC9024817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of nanoparticles (NPs) has surely grown in recent years due to their versatility, with a spectrum of applications that range from nanomedicine to the food industry. Recent research focuses on the development of NPs for the oral administration route rather than the intravenous one, placing the interactions between NPs and the intestine at the centre of the attention. This allows the NPs functionalization to exploit the different characteristics of the digestive tract, such as the different pH, the intestinal mucus layer, or the intestinal absorption capacity. On the other hand, these same characteristics can represent a problem for their complexity, also considering the potential interactions with the food matrix or the microbiota. This review intends to give a comprehensive look into three main branches of NPs delivery through the oral route: the functionalization of NPs drug carriers for systemic targets, with the case of insulin carriers as an example; NPs for the delivery of drugs locally active in the intestine, for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases and colon cancer; finally, the potential concerns and side effects of the accidental and uncontrolled exposure to NPs employed as food additives, with focus on E171 (titanium dioxide) and E174 (silver NPs).
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9
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Huang L, Li R, Wang X, Zhang L, Zhang B. Preparation and Characterization of Nanoliposomes Loaded with the Antimicrobial Peptide CGA-N9. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10286-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Durán-Lobato M, López-Estévez AM, Cordeiro AS, Dacoba TG, Crecente-Campo J, Torres D, Alonso MJ. Nanotechnologies for the delivery of biologicals: Historical perspective and current landscape. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113899. [PMID: 34314784 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biological macromolecule-based therapeutics irrupted in the pharmaceutical scene generating a great hope due to their outstanding specificity and potency. However, given their susceptibility to degradation and limited capacity to overcome biological barriers new delivery technologies had to be developed for them to reach their targets. This review aims at analyzing the historical seminal advances that shaped the development of the protein/peptide delivery field, along with the emerging technologies on the lead of the current landscape. Particularly, focus is made on technologies with a potential for transmucosal systemic delivery of protein/peptide drugs, followed by approaches for the delivery of antigens as new vaccination strategies, and formulations of biological drugs in oncology, with special emphasis on mAbs. Finally, a discussion of the key challenges the field is facing, along with an overview of prospective advances are provided.
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11
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Shahzadi I, Fürst A, Knoll P, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) for Oral Peptide Drug Delivery: About the Impact of Surface Decoration. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1312. [PMID: 34452273 PMCID: PMC8399745 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the impact of surfactants used for nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) to provide enzymatic protection for incorporated peptides. Insulin as a model peptide was ion paired with sodium dodecyl sulfate to improve its lipophilicity. Three NLC formulations containing polyethylene glycol ester (PEG-ester), polyethylene glycol ether (PEG-ether), and polyglycerol ester (PG-ester) surfactants were prepared by solvent diffusion method. NLCs were characterized regarding particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential. Biocompatibility of NLCs was assessed on Caco-2 cells via resazurin assay. In vitro lipolysis study was performed using a standard lipid digestion method. Proteolytic studies were performed in simulated gastric fluid containing pepsin and simulated intestinal fluid containing pancreatin. Lipophilicity of insulin in terms of log Poctanol/water was improved from -1.8 to 2.1. NLCs were in the size range of 64-217 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.2-0.5 and exhibited a negative surface charge. PG-ester NLCs were non-cytotoxic up to a concentration of 0.5%, PEG-ester NLCs up to a concentration of 0.25% and PEG-ether NLC up to a concentration of 0.125% (w/v). The lipolysis study showed the release of >90%, 70%, and 10% of free fatty acids from PEG-ester, PG-ester, and PEG-ether NLCs, respectively. Proteolysis results revealed the highest protective effect of PEG-ether NLCs followed by PG-ester and PEG-ester NLCs for incorporated insulin complex. Findings suggest that NLCs bearing substructures less susceptible to degrading enzymes on their surface can provide higher protection for incorporated peptides toward gastrointestinal proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (I.S.); (A.F.); (P.K.)
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12
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Zhu Q, Chen Z, Paul PK, Lu Y, Wu W, Qi J. Oral delivery of proteins and peptides: Challenges, status quo and future perspectives. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2416-2448. [PMID: 34522593 PMCID: PMC8424290 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins and peptides (PPs) have gradually become more attractive therapeutic molecules than small molecular drugs due to their high selectivity and efficacy, but fewer side effects. Owing to the poor stability and limited permeability through gastrointestinal (GI) tract and epithelia, the therapeutic PPs are usually administered by parenteral route. Given the big demand for oral administration in clinical use, a variety of researches focused on developing new technologies to overcome GI barriers of PPs, such as enteric coating, enzyme inhibitors, permeation enhancers, nanoparticles, as well as intestinal microdevices. Some new technologies have been developed under clinical trials and even on the market. This review summarizes the history, the physiological barriers and the overcoming approaches, current clinical and preclinical technologies, and future prospects of oral delivery of PPs.
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Key Words
- ASBT, apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- CAGR, compound annual growth
- CD, Crohn's disease
- COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- CPP, cell penetrating peptide
- CaP, calcium phosphate
- Clinical
- DCs, dendritic cells
- DDVAP, desmopressin acetate
- DTPA, diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid
- EDTA, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid
- EPD, empirical phase diagrams
- EPR, electron paramagnetic resonance
- Enzyme inhibitor
- FA, folic acid
- FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- FcRn, Fc receptor
- GALT, gut-associated lymphoid tissue
- GI, gastrointestinal
- GIPET, gastrointestinal permeation enhancement technology
- GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide 1
- GRAS, generally recognized as safe
- HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen
- HPMCP, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- ILs, ionic liquids
- LBNs, lipid-based nanoparticles
- LMWP, low molecular weight protamine
- MCT-1, monocarborxylate transporter 1
- MSNs, mesoporous silica nanoparticles
- NAC, N-acetyl-l-cysteine
- NLCs, nanostructured lipid carriers
- Oral delivery
- PAA, polyacrylic acid
- PBPK, physiologically based pharmacokinetics
- PCA, principal component analysis
- PCL, polycarprolacton
- PGA, poly-γ-glutamic acid
- PLA, poly(latic acid)
- PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
- PPs, proteins and peptides
- PVA, poly vinyl alcohol
- Peptides
- Permeation enhancer
- Proteins
- RGD, Arg-Gly-Asp
- RTILs, room temperature ionic liquids
- SAR, structure–activity relationship
- SDC, sodium deoxycholate
- SGC, sodium glycocholate
- SGF, simulated gastric fluids
- SIF, simulated intestinal fluids
- SLNs, solid lipid nanoparticles
- SNAC, sodium N-[8-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)amino]caprylate
- SNEDDS, self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems
- STC, sodium taurocholate
- Stability
- TAT, trans-activating transcriptional peptide
- TMC, N-trimethyl chitosan
- Tf, transferrin
- TfR, transferrin receptors
- UC, ulcerative colitis
- UEA1, ulex europaeus agglutinin 1
- VB12, vitamin B12
- WGA, wheat germ agglutinin
- pHPMA, N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide
- pI, isoelectric point
- sCT, salmon calcitonin
- sc, subcutaneous
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Affiliation(s)
- Quangang Zhu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Pijush Kumar Paul
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Gono Bishwabidyalay (University), Mirzanagar Savar, Dhaka 1344, Bangladesh
| | - Yi Lu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianping Qi
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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13
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Zhang Z, Lu Y, Qi J, Wu W. An update on oral drug delivery via intestinal lymphatic transport. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2449-2468. [PMID: 34522594 PMCID: PMC8424224 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Orally administered drug entities have to survive the harsh gastrointestinal environment, penetrate the enteric epithelia and circumvent hepatic metabolism before reaching the systemic circulation. Whereas the gastrointestinal stability can be well maintained by taking proper measures, hepatic metabolism presents as a formidable barrier to drugs suffering from first-pass metabolism. The pharmaceutical academia and industries are seeking alternative pathways for drug transport to circumvent problems associated with the portal pathway. Intestinal lymphatic transport is emerging as a promising pathway to this end. In this review, we intend to provide an updated overview on the rationale, strategies, factors and applications involved in intestinal lymphatic transport. There are mainly two pathways for peroral lymphatic transport-the chylomicron and the microfold cell pathways. The underlying mechanisms are being unraveled gradually and nowadays witness increasing research input and applications.
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Key Words
- ACQ, aggregation-caused quenching
- ASRT, apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter
- AUC, area under curve
- BCS, biopharmaceutics classification system
- CM, chylomicron
- Chylomicron
- DC, dendritic cell
- DDT, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
- DTX, docetaxel
- Drug absorption
- Drug carriers
- Drug delivery
- FA, fatty acid
- FAE, follicle-associated epithelia
- FRET, Föster resonance energy transfer
- GIT, gastrointestinal tract
- HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen
- HIV, human immunodeficiency virus
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein
- LDV, Leu-Asp-Val
- LDVp, LDV peptidomimetic
- Lymphatic transport
- M cell, microfold cells
- MG, monoglyceride
- MPA, mycophenolic acid
- MPS, mononuclear phagocyte system
- Microfold cell
- Nanoparticles
- OA, oleate
- Oral
- PCL, polycaprolactone
- PEG-PLA, polyethylene glycol-poly(lactic acid)
- PEI, polyethyleneimine
- PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
- PVA, poly(vinyl alcohol)
- RGD, Arg-Gly-Asp
- RGDp, RGD peptidomimetic
- SEDDS, self-emulsifying drug delivery system
- SLN, solid lipid nanoparticles
- SNEDDS, self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system
- TEM, transmission electron microscopy
- TG, triglyceride
- TPGS, D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate
- TU, testosterone undecanoate
- WGA, wheat germ agglutinin
- YCW, yeast cell wall
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianping Qi
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China
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Mühlberg E, Burtscher M, Umstätter F, Fricker G, Mier W, Uhl P. Trends in liposomal nanocarrier strategies for the oral delivery of biologics. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:1813-1832. [PMID: 34269068 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of approved macromolecular drugs such as peptides, proteins and antibodies steadily increases. Since drugs with high molecular weight are commonly not suitable for oral delivery, research on carrier strategies enabling oral administration is of vital interest. In past decades, nanocarriers, in particular liposomes, have been exhaustively investigated as oral drug-delivery platform. Despite their successful application as parenteral delivery vehicles, liposomes have up to date not succeeded for oral administration. However, a plenitude of approaches aiming to increase the oral bioavailability of macromolecular drugs administered by liposomal formulations has been published. Here, we summarize the strategies published in the last 10 years (vaccine strategies excluded) with a main focus on strategies proven efficient in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Mühlberg
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Mira Burtscher
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Florian Umstätter
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Gert Fricker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology & Biopharmacy, Institute for Pharmacy & Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 329, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Walter Mier
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Philipp Uhl
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
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15
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Reynolds D, Huesemann M, Edmundson S, Sims A, Hurst B, Cady S, Beirne N, Freeman J, Berger A, Gao S. Viral inhibitors derived from macroalgae, microalgae, and cyanobacteria: A review of antiviral potential throughout pathogenesis. ALGAL RES 2021; 57:102331. [PMID: 34026476 PMCID: PMC8128986 DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are abiotic obligate parasites utilizing complex mechanisms to hijack cellular machinery and reproduce, causing multiple harmful effects in the process. Viruses represent a growing global health concern; at the time of writing, COVID-19 has killed at least two million people around the world and devastated global economies. Lingering concern regarding the virus' prevalence yet hampers return to normalcy. While catastrophic in and of itself, COVID-19 further heralds in a new era of human-disease interaction characterized by the emergence of novel viruses from natural sources with heretofore unseen frequency. Due to deforestation, population growth, and climate change, we are encountering more viruses that can infect larger groups of people with greater ease and increasingly severe outcomes. The devastation of COVID-19 and forecasts of future human/disease interactions call for a creative reconsideration of global response to infectious disease. There is an urgent need for accessible, cost-effective antiviral (AV) drugs that can be mass-produced and widely distributed to large populations. Development of AV drugs should be informed by a thorough understanding of viral structure and function as well as human biology. To maximize efficacy, minimize cost, and reduce development of drug-resistance, these drugs would ideally operate through a varied set of mechanisms at multiple stages throughout the course of infection. Due to their abundance and diversity, natural compounds are ideal for such comprehensive therapeutic interventions. Promising sources of such drugs are found throughout nature; especially remarkable are the algae, a polyphyletic grouping of phototrophs that produce diverse bioactive compounds. While not much literature has been published on the subject, studies have shown that these compounds exert antiviral effects at different stages of viral pathogenesis. In this review, we follow the course of viral infection in the human body and evaluate the AV effects of algae-derived compounds at each stage. Specifically, we examine the AV activities of algae-derived compounds at the entry of viruses into the body, transport through the body via the lymph and blood, infection of target cells, and immune response. We discuss what is known about algae-derived compounds that may interfere with the infection pathways of SARS-CoV-2; and review which algae are promising sources for AV agents or AV precursors that, with further investigation, may yield life-saving drugs due to their diversity of mechanisms and exceptional pharmaceutical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daman Reynolds
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Sequim, WA, USA
| | - Michael Huesemann
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Sequim, WA, USA
| | - Scott Edmundson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Sequim, WA, USA
| | - Amy Sims
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Chemical and Biological Signatures Group, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Brett Hurst
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Sherry Cady
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Sequim, WA, USA
| | - Nathan Beirne
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Sequim, WA, USA
| | - Jacob Freeman
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Sequim, WA, USA
| | - Adam Berger
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Sequim, WA, USA
| | - Song Gao
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Sequim, WA, USA
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Raval J, Trivedi R, Suman S, Kukrety A, Prajapati P. NANO-BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ITS INNOVATIVE PERSPECTIVE IN DIABETES MANAGEMENT. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:89-114. [PMID: 34165408 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210623164052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes occurs due to the imbalance of glucose in the body known as glucose homeostasis, thus leading to metabolic changes in the body. The two stages hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia classify diabetes into various categories. Various bio-nanotechnological approaches are coupled up with nano particulates, polymers, liposome, various gold plated and solid lipid particulates, regulating transcellular transport, non specific cellular uptake, and paracellular transport, leading to oral, trans-dermal , pulmonary, buccal , nasal , specific gene oriented administration to avoid the patient's non compliance with the parental routes of administration. Phytochemicals are emerging strategies for the future prospects of diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigar Raval
- Institute of Research and Development, Gujarat Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar-382007, Gujarat, India
| | - Riddhi Trivedi
- Institute of Research and Development, Gujarat Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar-382007, Gujarat, India
| | - Sonali Suman
- CDSCO, Meghaninagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380003, India
| | | | - Prajesh Prajapati
- Institute of Research and Development, Gujarat Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar-382007, Gujarat, India
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17
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Poudwal S, Misra A, Shende P. Role of lipid nanocarriers for enhancing oral absorption and bioavailability of insulin and GLP-1 receptor agonists. J Drug Target 2021; 29:834-847. [PMID: 33620269 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2021.1894434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Growing demand for insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) is observed, considering the progressive nature of diabetes and the potential therapeutic role of peptides in its treatment. However, chronic parenteral administration is responsible for pain and rashes at the site of injection. Oral delivery of insulin and GLP-1 RA promises better patient compliance owing to their ease of administration and reduction in chances of peripheral hypoglycaemia and weight gain. The review article discusses the potential of lipid carriers in combination with different strategies such as absorption enhancers, PEGylation, lipidisation, etc. The lipid nanocarriers improve the membrane permeability and oral bioavailability of high molecular weight peptides. Additionally, the clinical status of different nanocarriers for anti-diabetic peptides is discussed. Previous research on nanocarriers showed significant hypoglycaemic activity and safety in animal studies; however, extrapolation of the same in human subjects is not validated. With the rising global burden of diabetes, the lipid nanocarriers show the potential to revolutionise treatment with oral delivery of insulin and GLP-1 RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapna Poudwal
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | - Ambikanandan Misra
- School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Dhule, India
| | - Pravin Shende
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Mumbai, India
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18
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Zhang T, Tang JZ, Fei X, Li Y, Song Y, Qian Z, Peng Q. Can nanoparticles and nano‒protein interactions bring a bright future for insulin delivery? Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:651-667. [PMID: 33777673 PMCID: PMC7982494 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin therapy plays an essential role in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. However, frequent injections required to effectively control the glycemic levels lead to substantial inconvenience and low patient compliance. In order to improve insulin delivery, many efforts have been made, such as developing the nanoparticles (NPs)-based release systems and oral insulin. Although some improvements have been achieved, the ultimate results are still unsatisfying and none of insulin-loaded NPs systems have been approved for clinical use so far. Recently, nano‒protein interactions and protein corona formation have drawn much attention due to their negative influence on the in vivo fate of NPs systems. As the other side of a coin, such interactions can also be used for constructing advanced drug delivery systems. Herein, we aim to provide an insight into the advance and flaws of various NPs-based insulin delivery systems. Particularly, an interesting discussion on nano‒protein interactions and its potentials for developing novel insulin delivery systems is initiated. Insulin therapy plays essential roles in treating diabetes. Optimizing insulin delivery enhances insulin therapy. Nanoparticles are promising systems for delivery of insulin. Nano-protein interactions influence the delivery of nanoparticles. Nano-protein interactions can be used for advanced delivery of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - James Zhenggui Tang
- Research Institute in Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Pharmacy, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Xiaofan Fei
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Song
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhiyong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Corresponding author.
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19
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A comprehensive review of the strategies to improve oral drug absorption with special emphasis on the cellular and molecular mechanisms. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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Song JG, Lee SH, Han HK. Development of an M cell targeted nanocomposite system for effective oral protein delivery: preparation, in vitro and in vivo characterization. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:15. [PMID: 33422063 PMCID: PMC7796596 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00750-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a strong need for non-invasive and patient-friendly delivery systems of protein drugs for long-term therapy. However, oral delivery of protein drugs is a big challenge due to many barriers including instability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and low permeability. To overcome the absorption barriers in GI tract and improve the patient compliance, this study aimed to develop an M cell targeted-nanocomposite delivery system of protein drugs. Results An aminoclay-protein core complex (AC-Ins) was prepared by using insulin as a model protein and then sequentially coated with Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) for M-cell targeting and the pH sensitive polymer, Eudragit® L100 (EUAC-Ins). All nanoparticles were obtained with a high entrapment efficiency (> 90%) and their structural characteristics were confirmed by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and circular dichroism. Among the developed nanoparticles, EUAC-Ins effectively suppressed drug release at pH 1.2, while rapidly released drugs at pH 6.8 due to dissolution of the outer coating layer. The conformational stability of insulin entrapped in EUAC-Ins was well maintained in the presence of proteolytic enzymes. Compared to free insulin, EUAC-Ins increased the membrane transport of insulin by 4.4-fold in M cells. In parallel, oral administration of EUAC-Ins in mice enhanced insulin uptake by 4.1-fold in the intestinal Peyer’s patches and 2.6-fold in intestinal epithelium tissues with normal villi, compared to free insulin. Orally administered EUAC-Ins decreased significantly the blood glucose level in diabetic mice, while the effect of oral insulin solution was negligible. Conclusion An M cell targeted-ternary nanocomposite system obtained by dual coating of the aminoclay-protein core complex with UEA-1 and a pH dependent polymer is promising as an effective oral protein delivery carrier. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Geun Song
- BK21 FOUR Team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Dongguk-ro-32, Ilsan-Donggu, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- BK21 FOUR Team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Dongguk-ro-32, Ilsan-Donggu, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hyo-Kyung Han
- BK21 FOUR Team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Dongguk-ro-32, Ilsan-Donggu, Goyang, Korea.
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21
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Abstract
Lipid-based nanocarriers have gained much interest as carriers of drugs with poor oral bioavailability because of their remarkable advantages like low toxicity, affordable scale-up manufacture, strong biocompatibility or high drug loading efficiency. The potential of these nanocarriers lies in their ability to improve the gastrointestinal stability, solubility and permeability of their cargo drugs. However, achieving efficient oral drug delivery through lipid-based nanocarriers is a challenging task, since they encounter multiple physicochemical barriers along the gastrointestinal tract, e.g. the gastric acidic content, the intestinal mucus layer or the enzymatic degradation, that they must surmount to reach their target. These limitations may be turned into opportunities through a rational design of lipid-based nanocarriers. For that purpose, this review focuses on the main challenges of the oral route indicating the strategies undertaken for lipid-based nanocarriers in order to overcome them. Understanding their shortcomings and identifying their strengths will determine the future clinical success of lipid-based nanocarriers.
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Alavi M, Asare-Addo K, Nokhodchi A. Lectin Protein as a Promising Component to Functionalize Micelles, Liposomes and Lipid NPs against Coronavirus. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E580. [PMID: 33297444 PMCID: PMC7762367 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of a novel strain coronavirus as the causative agent of COVID-19 pneumonia, first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019, has resulted in considerable focus on virulence abilities of coronavirus. Lectins are natural proteins with the ability to bind specific carbohydrates related to various microorganisms, including viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites. Lectins have the ability to agglutinate and neutralize these pathogeneses. The delivery of the encapsulated antiviral agents or vaccines across the cell membrane can be possible by functionalized micellar and liposomal formulations. In this mini-review, recent advances and challenges related to important lectins with inhibition activities against coronaviruses are presented to obtain a novel viewpoint of microformulations or nanoformulations by micellar and liposomal cell-binding carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Alavi
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah 67146, Iran
| | - Kofi Asare-Addo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK;
| | - Ali Nokhodchi
- Pharmaceuics Research Laboratory, Arundel Building, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK
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23
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Prediction of the enhanced insulin absorption across a triple co-cultured intestinal model using mucus penetrating PLGA nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2020; 585:119516. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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24
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Filipczak N, Pan J, Yalamarty SSK, Torchilin VP. Recent advancements in liposome technology. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 156:4-22. [PMID: 32593642 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The liposomes have continued to be well-recognized as an important nano-sized drug delivery system with attractive properties, such a characteristic bilayer structure assembling the cellular membrane, easy-to-prepare and high bio-compatibility. Extensive effort has been devoted to the development of liposome-based drug delivery systems during the past few decades. Many drug candidates have been encapsulated in liposomes and investigated for reduced toxicity and extended duration of therapeutic effect. The liposomal encapsulation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic small molecule therapeutics as well as other large molecule biologics have been established among different academic and industrial research groups. To date, there has been an increasing number of FDA-approved liposomal-based therapeutics together with more and more undergoing clinical trials, which involve a wide range of applications in anticancer, antibacterial, and antiviral therapies. In order to meet the continuing demand for new drugs in clinics, more recent advancements have been investigated for optimizing liposomal-based drug delivery system with more reproducible preparation technique and a broadened application to novel modalities, including nucleic acid therapies, CRISPR/Cas9 therapies and immunotherapies. This review focuses on the recent liposome' preparation techniques, the excipients of liposomal formulations used in various novel studies and the routes of administration used to deliver liposomes to targeted areas of disease. It aims to update the research in liposomal delivery and highlights future nanotechnological approaches.
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25
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Overcoming the intestinal barrier: A look into targeting approaches for improved oral drug delivery systems. J Control Release 2020; 322:486-508. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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26
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Hua S. Advances in Oral Drug Delivery for Regional Targeting in the Gastrointestinal Tract - Influence of Physiological, Pathophysiological and Pharmaceutical Factors. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:524. [PMID: 32425781 PMCID: PMC7212533 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral route is by far the most common route of drug administration in the gastrointestinal tract and can be used for both systemic drug delivery and for treating local gastrointestinal diseases. It is the most preferred route by patients, due to its advantages, such as ease of use, non-invasiveness, and convenience for self-administration. Formulations can also be designed to enhance drug delivery to specific regions in the upper or lower gastrointestinal tract. Despite the clear advantages offered by the oral route, drug delivery can be challenging as the human gastrointestinal tract is complex and displays a number of physiological barriers that affect drug delivery. Among these challenges are poor drug stability, poor drug solubility, and low drug permeability across the mucosal barriers. Attempts to overcome these issues have focused on improved understanding of the physiology of the gastrointestinal tract in both healthy and diseased states. Innovative pharmaceutical approaches have also been explored to improve regional drug targeting in the gastrointestinal tract, including nanoparticulate formulations. This review will discuss the physiological, pathophysiological, and pharmaceutical considerations influencing drug delivery for the oral route of administration, as well as the conventional and novel drug delivery approaches. The translational challenges and development aspects of novel formulations will also be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Hua
- Therapeutic Targeting Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
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27
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Azadi Y, Ahmadpour E, Ahmadi A. Targeting Strategies in Therapeutic Applications of Toxoplasmosis: Recent Advances in Liposomal Vaccine Delivery Systems. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 21:541-558. [DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666191023151423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a prevalent parasitic pathogen that infected over one-third of the global population. Toxoplasmosis is diagnosed by isolating the parasite and detecting host antibodies. In contrast, the main problem with diagnosis relates to the sensitivity and specificity of the tests. Currently, treatment with pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine is recommended, despite their side effects and toxicity to humans. Moreover, the absence of a vaccine to completely protect against this infection is the main obstacle to the effective treatment and prevention of toxoplasmosis. Recently, nanoparticles and nanomaterials have been studied as delivery systems for the immunization and treatment of T. gondii infections. One of the most important applications of liposomes is drug and vaccine delivery, due to their biodegradability, low inherent toxicity, and immunogenicity. Liposomes are flexible delivery systems and immunological adjuvants able not only to load diverse antigens, such as proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates but also to combine them with immunostimulators. Liposomes have the incredible potential within the development of modern types of vaccines and numerous endeavors have been made to improve the effectiveness of vaccines in recent years. In this review, we concentrate on the viable targeting strategies of liposome-based vaccine delivery systems to prevent, control and treat toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaghob Azadi
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ahmadpour
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Ahmadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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28
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Khan AA, Allemailem KS, Almatroodi SA, Almatroudi A, Rahmani AH. Recent strategies towards the surface modification of liposomes: an innovative approach for different clinical applications. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:163. [PMID: 32206497 PMCID: PMC7062946 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-2144-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Liposomes are very useful biocompatible tools used in diverse scientific disciplines, employed for the vehiculation and delivery of lipophilic, ampiphilic or hydrophilic compounds. Liposomes have gained the importance as drug carriers, as the drugs alone have limited targets, higher toxicity and develop resistance when used in higher doses. Conventional liposomes suffer from several drawbacks like encapsulation inefficiencies and partially controlled particle size. The surface chemistry of liposome technology started from simple conventional vesicles to second generation liposomes by modulating their lipid composition and surface with different ligands. Introduction of polyethylene glycol to lipid anchor was the first innovative strategy which increased circulation time, delayed clearance and opsonin resistance. PEGylated liposomes have been found to possess higher drug loading capacity up to 90% or more and some drugs like CPX-1 encapsuled in such liposomes have increased the disease control up to 73% patients suffering from colorectal cancer. The surface of liposomes have been further liganded with small molecules, vitamins, carbohydrates, peptides, proteins, antibodies, aptamers and enzymes. These advanced liposomes exhibit greater solubility, higher stability, long-circulating time and specific drug targeting properties. The immense utility and demand of surface modified liposomes in different areas have led their way to the modern market. In addition to this, the multi-drug carrier approach of targeted liposomes is an innovative method to overcome drug resistance while treating ceratin tumors. Presently, several second-generation liposomal formulations of different anticancer drugs are at various stages of clinical trials. This review article summarizes briefly the preparation of liposomes, strategies of disease targeting and exclusively the surface modifications with different entities and their clinical applications especially as drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Basic Health Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, P.O. Box 6699, Buraidah, 51452 Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled S. Allemailem
- Department of Basic Health Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, P.O. Box 6699, Buraidah, 51452 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, P.O. Box 6699, Buraidah, 51452 Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A. Almatroodi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, P.O. Box 6699, Buraidah, 51452 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, P.O. Box 6699, Buraidah, 51452 Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, P.O. Box 6699, Buraidah, 51452 Saudi Arabia
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Micro and nanoscale technologies in oral drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 157:37-62. [PMID: 32707147 PMCID: PMC7374157 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Oral administration is a pillar of the pharmaceutical industry and yet it remains challenging to administer hydrophilic therapeutics by the oral route. Smart and controlled oral drug delivery could bypass the physiological barriers that limit the oral delivery of these therapeutics. Micro- and nanoscale technologies, with an unprecedented ability to create, control, and measure micro- or nanoenvironments, have found tremendous applications in biology and medicine. In particular, significant advances have been made in using these technologies for oral drug delivery. In this review, we briefly describe biological barriers to oral drug delivery and micro and nanoscale fabrication technologies. Micro and nanoscale drug carriers fabricated using these technologies, including bioadhesives, microparticles, micropatches, and nanoparticles, are described. Other applications of micro and nanoscale technologies are discussed, including fabrication of devices and tissue engineering models to precisely control or assess oral drug delivery in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Strategies to advance translation of micro and nanotechnologies into clinical trials for oral drug delivery are mentioned. Finally, challenges and future prospects on further integration of micro and nanoscale technologies with oral drug delivery systems are highlighted.
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Khan AA, Alanazi AM, Jabeen M, Chauhan A, Ansari MA. Therapeutic potential of functionalized siRNA nanoparticles on regression of liver cancer in experimental mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15825. [PMID: 31676815 PMCID: PMC6825139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52142-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Short interfering RNA (siRNA) possesses special ability of silencing specific gene. To increase siRNA stability, transportation and its uptake by tumor cells, effective delivery to the appropriate target cells is a major challenge of siRNA-based therapy. In the present study, an effective, safe and biocompatible survivin siRNA encapsulated, GalNAc decorated PEGylated PLGA nanoconjugates (NCs) viz., GalNAc@PEG@siRNA-PLGA were engineered and their synergistic antitumor efficacy was evaluated for targeted delivery in HCC bearing experimental mice. GalNAc@PEG@siRNA-PLGA NCs were characterized for size, bioavailability, toxicity and biocompatibility. Their antitumor potential was evaluated considering gene silencing, apoptosis, histopathology and survival of treated mice. Exceptional accumulation of hepatocytes, reduction in survivin expression and prominent regression in tumor size confirmed the ASGPR-mediated uptake of ligand-anchored NCs and silencing of survivin gene in a targeted manner. Increased DNA fragmentation and potential modulation of caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 factors specified the induction of apoptosis that helped in significant inhibition of HCC progression. The potential synchronous and tumor selective delivery of versatile NCs indicated the effective payloads towards the target site, increased apoptosis in cancer cells and improved survival of treated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azmat Ali Khan
- 0000 0004 1773 5396grid.56302.32Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer M. Alanazi
- 0000 0004 1773 5396grid.56302.32Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mumtaz Jabeen
- 0000 0004 1937 0765grid.411340.3Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Arun Chauhan
- 0000 0004 1936 8163grid.266862.eDepartment of Neuroimmunology, School of Health and Medicine, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND USA
| | - Mohammad Azam Ansari
- 0000 0004 0607 035Xgrid.411975.fDepartment of Epidemic Disease Research, Institutes of Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, 31441 Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Oldenkamp HF, Vela Ramirez JE, Peppas NA. Re-evaluating the importance of carbohydrates as regenerative biomaterials. Regen Biomater 2019; 6:1-12. [PMID: 30740237 PMCID: PMC6362819 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rby023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi F Oldenkamp
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Julia E Vela Ramirez
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Nicholas A Peppas
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Huang X, Ahn DU. How Can the Value and Use of Egg Yolk Be Increased? J Food Sci 2019; 84:205-212. [PMID: 30620779 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The major driving force for the egg consumption in the United States over the past few decades was processed egg. However, the consumption of egg through the processed egg reached the plateau in recent years because of the imbalance in the demands between the egg white and yolk products. The consumer demands for egg white products are very high while those for the egg yolk, the co-product of dried egg white, are low because of the negative perceptions on egg yolk. Two key approaches that can be used to increase the value and use of egg yolk are: (1) developing new commodity products by fractionating egg yolk and apply them in various food processing, and (2) separating functional proteins and lipids from yolk and use them as is or further develop functional peptides and functional lipids and use them as pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical agents. These approaches can diversify the use of egg yolk, which eventually will help increase the consumption of egg. This review (1) discusses the current use of egg yolk products and the development of new functional commodity products from egg yolk, (2) review the important functional components in egg yolk and overview the current separation methods and their applications, (3) discuss the production of functional peptides and lipids using the separated egg proteins and lipids, and (4) suggest the future directions for the best use of egg yolk components. Development of scale-up production methods, which is vital for the practical applications, is discussed when appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Huang
- College of Food Science & Technology, Egg Processing Technology Local Joint Natl. Engineering Research Center, Natl. R&D Center for Egg Processing, Huazhong Agricultural Univ., Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Dong U Ahn
- Animal Science Dept., Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA, 50011, U.S.A
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He H, Lu Y, Qi J, Zhu Q, Chen Z, Wu W. Adapting liposomes for oral drug delivery. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:36-48. [PMID: 30766776 PMCID: PMC6362257 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Liposomes mimic natural cell membranes and have long been investigated as drug carriers due to excellent entrapment capacity, biocompatibility and safety. Despite the success of parenteral liposomes, oral delivery of liposomes is impeded by various barriers such as instability in the gastrointestinal tract, difficulties in crossing biomembranes, and mass production problems. By modulating the compositions of the lipid bilayers and adding polymers or ligands, both the stability and permeability of liposomes can be greatly improved for oral drug delivery. This review provides an overview of the challenges and current approaches toward the oral delivery of liposomes.
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Key Words
- APC, antigen-presenting cell
- AUC, area under curve
- Absorption
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- Bioavailability
- DC, dendritic cells
- DMPC, dimyristoyl phosphatidyl choline
- DPPC, dipalmitoyl phosphotidylcholine
- Drug delivery
- FAE, follicle-associated epithelia
- FITC, fluorescein isothiocyannate
- GIT, gastrointestinal tract
- LUV, large unilamellar vesicles
- Liposomes
- MLV, multilamellar vesicles
- MRT, mean residence time
- MVL, multivesicular liposomes
- Oral
- PC, phosphatidylcholine
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- RES, reticulo-endothelial
- SC, sodium cholate
- SDC, sodium deoxycholate
- SGC, sodium glycocholate
- SPC, soy phosphatidylcholine
- STC, sodium taurocholate
- SUV, small unilamellar vesicles
- Stability
- TPGS, tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate
- Tgel, gelling temperature
- Tp, phase transition temperature
- UEA 1, ulex europaeus agglutinin 1
- WGA, wheat germ agglutinin
- rhEGF, recombinant human epithelial growth factor
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisheng He
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Jianping Qi
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Quangang Zhu
- Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Shanghai 200443, China
| | | | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Shanghai 200443, China
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Shreya AB, Raut SY, Managuli RS, Udupa N, Mutalik S. Active Targeting of Drugs and Bioactive Molecules via Oral Administration by Ligand-Conjugated Lipidic Nanocarriers: Recent Advances. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 20:15. [PMID: 30564942 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1262-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral route is the most widely accepted and commonly used route for administration. However, this route may not be suitable for certain drug candidates which suffer from the problem of low aqueous solubility and gastrointestinal absorption and extensive first-pass effect. Nanotechnology-based approaches can be taken up as remedies to overcome the disadvantages associated with the oral route. Among the various nanocarriers, lipidic nanocarriers are widely used for oral delivery of bioactive molecules owing to their several advantages. Active targeting of bioactive molecules via lipidic nanocarriers has also been widely attempted to improve oral bioavailability and to avoid first-pass effect. This active targeting approach involves the use of ligands grafted or conjugated onto a nanocarrier that is specific to the receptors. Active targeting increases the therapeutic efficacy as well as reduces the toxic side effects of the drug or bioactive molecules. This review mainly focuses on the challenges involved in the oral delivery of drugs and its approaches to overcome the challenges using nanotechnology, specifically focusing on lipidic nanocarriers like liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanostructured lipid carriers and active targeting of drug molecules by making use of ligand-conjugated lipidic nanocarriers.
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Wong CY, Al-Salami H, Dass CR. Recent advancements in oral administration of insulin-loaded liposomal drug delivery systems for diabetes mellitus. Int J Pharm 2018; 549:201-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tian H, He Z, Sun C, Yang C, Zhao P, Liu L, Leong KW, Mao HQ, Liu Z, Chen Y. Uniform Core-Shell Nanoparticles with Thiolated Hyaluronic Acid Coating to Enhance Oral Delivery of Insulin. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800285. [PMID: 29984479 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Oral delivery of protein drugs is an attractive route of administration due to its convenience for repeated dosing and good patient compliance. However, currently oral protein therapeutics show very low bioavailability mainly due to the existence of hostile gastrointestinal (GI) environments, including mucus layers and intestinal epithelial barriers. Herein, using insulin as a model protein therapeutic, the core-shell nanoparticles with thiolated hyaluronic acid (HA-SH) coating (NPHA-SH ) are produced utilizing a two-step flash nanocomplexation process to enhance oral delivery efficiency of insulin. A positively charged nanoparticle core is first generated by electrostatic complexation between insulin and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-3-trimethyl ammonium chloride modified chitosan (HTCC), followed by surface coating with HA-SH. The optimized NPHA-SH shows an average size of 100 nm with high encapsulation efficiency (91.1%) and loading capacity (38%). In vitro and ex vivo results confirm that NPHA-SH shows high mucus-penetration ability, improved intestinal retention and transepithelial transport property due to its thiolated surface and the ability of HA-SH coating to dissociate from the nanoparticle surface when across the mucosal layer. Oral administration of NPHA-SH to Type 1 diabetic rats yields high efficacy and an average relative bioavailability of 11.3%. These results demonstrate that the HA-SH coated core-shell nanoparticles are a promising oral delivery vehicle for protein therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houkuan Tian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Center for Functional Biomaterials; Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Zhiyu He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Center for Functional Biomaterials; Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Chengxin Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Center for Functional Biomaterials; Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Chengbiao Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Center for Functional Biomaterials; Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Center for Functional Biomaterials; Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Lixin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Center for Functional Biomaterials; Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Kam W. Leong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Center for Functional Biomaterials; Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510275 China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Columbia University; New York NY 10027 USA
| | - Hai-Quan Mao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Center for Functional Biomaterials; Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510275 China
- Institute for Nano BioTechnology and Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore MD 21218 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Tissue Engineering Center; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD 21287 USA
| | - Zhijia Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Center for Functional Biomaterials; Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Yongming Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Center for Functional Biomaterials; Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510275 China
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37
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Qi J, Zhuang J, Lv Y, Lu Y, Wu W. Exploiting or overcoming the dome trap for enhanced oral immunization and drug delivery. J Control Release 2018; 275:92-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Wagner AM, Gran MP, Peppas NA. Designing the new generation of intelligent biocompatible carriers for protein and peptide delivery. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:147-164. [PMID: 29719776 PMCID: PMC5925450 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic proteins and peptides have revolutionized treatment for a number of diseases, and the expected increase in macromolecule-based therapies brings a new set of challenges for the pharmaceutics field. Due to their poor stability, large molecular weight, and poor transport properties, therapeutic proteins and peptides are predominantly limited to parenteral administration. The short serum half-lives typically require frequent injections to maintain an effective dose, and patient compliance is a growing issue as therapeutic protein treatments become more widely available. A number of studies have underscored the relationship of subcutaneous injections with patient non-adherence, estimating that over half of insulin-dependent adults intentionally skip injections. The development of oral formulations has the potential to address some issues associated with non-adherence including the interference with daily activities, embarrassment, and injection pain. Oral delivery can also help to eliminate the adverse effects and scar tissue buildup associated with repeated injections. However, there are several major challenges associated with oral delivery of proteins and peptides, such as the instability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, low permeability, and a narrow absorption window in the intestine. This review provides a detailed overview of the oral delivery route and associated challenges. Recent advances in formulation and drug delivery technologies to enhance bioavailability are discussed, including the co-administration of compounds to alter conditions in the GI tract, the modification of the macromolecule physicochemical properties, and the use of improved targeted and controlled release carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M. Wagner
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Margaret P. Gran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Peppas
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Corresponding author at: McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA. Tel.: +1 512 471 6644; fax: +1 512 471 8227.
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Harloff-Helleberg S, Nielsen LH, Nielsen HM. Animal models for evaluation of oral delivery of biopharmaceuticals. J Control Release 2017; 268:57-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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40
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Santalices I, Gonella A, Torres D, Alonso MJ. Advances on the formulation of proteins using nanotechnologies. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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41
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Zupančič O, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Lipophilic peptide character – What oral barriers fear the most. J Control Release 2017; 255:242-257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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42
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Agrawal AK, Kumar K, Swarnakar NK, Kushwah V, Jain S. “Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles”: Rationally Designed Vehicle To Improve Stability and Therapeutic Efficacy of Insulin Following Oral Administration. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:1874-1882. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b01099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar Agrawal
- Centre for Pharmaceutical
Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, Punjab-160062, India
- James Graham
Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Kuldeep Kumar
- Centre for Pharmaceutical
Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, Punjab-160062, India
| | - Nitin Kumar Swarnakar
- Centre for Pharmaceutical
Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, Punjab-160062, India
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California 91766-1854, United States
| | - Varun Kushwah
- Centre for Pharmaceutical
Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, Punjab-160062, India
| | - Sanyog Jain
- Centre for Pharmaceutical
Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, Punjab-160062, India
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Suchaoin W, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Nanocarriers protecting toward an intestinal pre-uptake metabolism. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:255-269. [PMID: 28093952 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-uptake metabolism within the GI tract is responsible for the poor oral bioavailability of numerous drugs. As nanocarriers function as a 'shield', protecting incorporated drugs from enzymatic attack, there is an increasing interest in utilizing them as a tool for overcoming drug degradation. Degradation of carriers resulting in the release of incorporated drugs, mucus permeation, enzyme inhibitory properties and their toxicity are crucial factors that must be taken into account when designing proper nanocarriers. The use of polymer- and lipid-based nanocarriers as protective vehicles are discussed within this review. Lipid-based carriers and novel mucopenetrating particles seem to have a great potential in avoiding metabolizing enzymes. Accordingly, nanocarriers are promising tools for improving the bioavailability of drugs, being sensitive to a pre-uptake metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wongsakorn Suchaoin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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44
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Malhaire H, Gimel JC, Roger E, Benoît JP, Lagarce F. How to design the surface of peptide-loaded nanoparticles for efficient oral bioavailability? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 106:320-336. [PMID: 27058155 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The oral administration of proteins is a current challenge to be faced in the field of therapeutics. There is currently much interest in nanocarriers since they can enhance oral bioavailability. For lack of a clear definition, the key characteristics of nanoparticles have been highlighted. Specific surface area is one of these characteristics and represents a huge source of energy that can be used to control the biological fate of the carrier. The review discusses nanocarrier stability, mucus interaction and absorption through the intestinal epithelium. The protein corona, which has raised interest over the last decade, is also discussed. The universal ideal surface is a myth and over-coated carriers are not a solution either. Besides, common excipients can be useful on several targets. The suitable design should rather take into account the composition, structure and behavior of unmodified nanomaterials.
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Lipid-based nanocarriers for oral peptide delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 106:337-354. [PMID: 27080735 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This article is aimed to overview the lipid-based nanostructures designed so far for the oral administration of peptides and proteins, and to analyze the influence of their composition and physicochemical (particle size, zeta potential) and pharmaceutical (drug loading and release) properties, on their interaction with the gastro-intestinal environment, and the subsequent PK/PD profile of the associated drugs. The ultimate goal has been to highlight and comparatively analyze the key factors that may be determinant of the success of these nanocarriers for oral peptide delivery. The article ends with some prospects on the challenges to be addressed for the intended commercial success of these delivery vehicles.
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Lakkireddy HR, Urmann M, Besenius M, Werner U, Haack T, Brun P, Alié J, Illel B, Hortala L, Vogel R, Bazile D. Oral delivery of diabetes peptides - Comparing standard formulations incorporating functional excipients and nanotechnologies in the translational context. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 106:196-222. [PMID: 26964477 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
While some orally delivered diabetes peptides are moving to late development with standard formulations incorporating functional excipients, the demonstration of the value of nanotechnology in clinic is still at an early stage. The goal of this review is to compare these two drug delivery approaches from a physico-chemical and a biopharmaceutical standpoint in an attempt to define how nanotechnology-based products can be differentiated from standard oral dosage forms for oral bioavailability of diabetes peptides. Points to consider in a translational approach are outlined to seize the opportunities offered by a better understanding of both the intestinal barrier and of nano-carriers designed for oral delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harivardhan Reddy Lakkireddy
- Drug Delivery Technologies and Innovation, Pharmaceutical Sciences Operations, Lead Generation and Candidate Realization, Sanofi Research and Development, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Matthias Urmann
- Diabetes Division, Sanofi Research and Development, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Melissa Besenius
- Diabetes Division, Sanofi Research and Development, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ulrich Werner
- Diabetes Division, Sanofi Research and Development, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Torsten Haack
- Diabetes Division, Sanofi Research and Development, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Priscilla Brun
- Disposition Safety and Animal Research, Sanofi Research and Development, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Alié
- Analytical Sciences, Lead Generation and Candidate Realization, Sanofi Research and Development, Montpellier, France
| | - Brigitte Illel
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Operations, Lead Generation and Candidate Realization, Sanofi Research and Development, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Hortala
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Operations, Lead Generation and Candidate Realization, Sanofi Research and Development, Montpellier, France
| | - Rachel Vogel
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Operations, Lead Generation and Candidate Realization, Sanofi Research and Development, Montpellier, France
| | - Didier Bazile
- Drug Delivery Technologies and Innovation, Pharmaceutical Sciences Operations, Lead Generation and Candidate Realization, Sanofi Research and Development, Vitry-sur-Seine, France.
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Griffin BT, Guo J, Presas E, Donovan MD, Alonso MJ, O'Driscoll CM. Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and biodistribution following oral administration of nanocarriers containing peptide and protein drugs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 106:367-380. [PMID: 27320644 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The influence of nanoparticle (NP) formulations on the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and biodistribution profiles of peptide- and protein-like drugs following oral administration is critically reviewed. The possible mechanisms of absorption enhancement and the effects of the physicochemical properties of the NP are examined. The potential advantages and challenges of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling to help predict efficacy in man are discussed. The importance of developing and expanding the regulatory framework to help translate the technology into the clinic and accelerate the availability of oral nanoparticulate formulations is emphasized. In conclusion, opportunities for future work to improve the state of the art of oral nanomedicines are identified.
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Karamanidou T, Bourganis V, Kammona O, Kiparissides C. Lipid-based nanocarriers for the oral administration of biopharmaceutics. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:3009-3032. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Biopharmaceutics have been recognized as the drugs of choice for the treatment of several diseases, mainly due to their high selectivity and potent action. Nonetheless, their oral administration is a rather challenging problem, since their bioavailability is significantly hindered by various physiological barriers along the GI tract, including their acid-induced hydrolysis in the stomach, their enzymatic degradation throughout the GI tract and their poor mucosa permeability. Lipid-based nanocarriers represent a viable means for enhancing the oral bioavailability of biomolecules while diminishing toxicity-related issues. The present review describes the main physiological barriers limiting the oral bioavailability of macromolecules and highlights recent advances in the field of lipid-based carriers as well as the respective lipid intestinal absorption mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Karamanidou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, PO Box 472, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassilis Bourganis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, PO Box 472, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Olga Kammona
- Chemical Process & Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, PO Box 60361, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Costas Kiparissides
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, PO Box 472, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Chemical Process & Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, PO Box 60361, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Matougui N, Boge L, Groo AC, Umerska A, Ringstad L, Bysell H, Saulnier P. Lipid-based nanoformulations for peptide delivery. Int J Pharm 2016; 502:80-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Norton JE, Gonzalez Espinosa Y, Watson RL, Spyropoulos F, Norton IT. Functional food microstructures for macronutrient release and delivery. Food Funct 2016; 6:663-78. [PMID: 25553863 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00965g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There is a need to understand the role of fat, protein and carbohydrate in human health, and also how foods containing and/or structured using these macronutrients can be designed so that they can have a positive impact on health. This may include a reduction in fat, salt or sugar, the protection and targeted release of micronutrients or active ingredients from/to particular parts of the digestive system, improvement of gastrointestinal health or satiety enhancing properties. Such foods can be designed with various macro- and microstructures that will impact on macronutrient release and delivery. These include simple and double emulsions, the use of Pickering particles and shells, nanoparticles, liposomes, gelled networks, fluid gels and gel particles, foams, self-assembled structures, and encapsulated systems. In order to design foods that deliver these benefits understanding of how these structures behave in the gastrointestinal tract is also required, which should involve utilising both in vitro and in vivo studies. This review aims to draw together research in these areas, by focusing on the current state of the art, but also exciting possibilities for future research and food development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Norton
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK.
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