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Bender L, Preis E, Engelhardt KH, Amin MU, Ayoub AM, Librizzi D, Roschenko V, Schulze J, Yousefi BH, Schaefer J, Bakowsky U. In vitro and in ovo photodynamic efficacy of nebulized curcumin-loaded tetraether lipid liposomes prepared by DC as stable drug delivery system. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 196:106748. [PMID: 38471594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common causes of high mortality worldwide. Current treatment strategies, e.g., surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, insufficiently affect the overall outcome. In this study, we used curcumin as a natural photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy and encapsulated it in liposomes consisting of stabilizing tetraether lipids aiming for a pulmonary drug delivery system against lung cancer. The liposomes with either hydrolyzed glycerol-dialkyl-glycerol tetraether (hGDGT) in different ratios or hydrolyzed glycerol-dialkyl-nonitol tetraether (hGDNT) were prepared by dual centrifugation (DC), an innovative method for liposome preparation. The liposomes' physicochemical characteristics before and after nebulization and other nebulization characteristics confirmed their suitability. Morphological characterization using atomic force and transmission electron microscopy showed proper vesicular structures indicative of liposomes. Qualitative and quantitative uptake of the curcumin-loaded liposomes in lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells was visualized and proven. Phototoxic effects of the liposomes were detected on A549 cells, showing decreased cell viability. The generation of reactive oxygen species required for PDT and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential were confirmed. Moreover, the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model was used to further evaluate biocompatibility and photodynamic efficacy in a 3D cell culture context. Photodynamic efficacy was assessed by PET/CT after nebulization of the liposomes onto the xenografted tumors on the CAM with subsequent irradiation. The physicochemical properties and the efficacy of tetraether lipid liposomes encapsulating curcumin, especially liposomes containing hGDNT, in 2D and 3D cell cultures seem promising for future PDT usage against lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Bender
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, Marburg 35037, Germany
| | - Eduard Preis
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, Marburg 35037, Germany
| | - Konrad H Engelhardt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, Marburg 35037, Germany
| | - Muhammad Umair Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, Marburg 35037, Germany
| | - Abdallah M Ayoub
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, Marburg 35037, Germany
| | - Damiano Librizzi
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Core Facility Molecular Imaging, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 3, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Valeri Roschenko
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, Marburg 35037, Germany
| | - Jan Schulze
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, Marburg 35037, Germany
| | - Behrooz H Yousefi
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Core Facility Molecular Imaging, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 3, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Jens Schaefer
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, Marburg 35037, Germany
| | - Udo Bakowsky
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, Marburg 35037, Germany.
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Peng S, Wang W, Zhang R, Wu C, Pan X, Huang Z. Nano-Formulations for Pulmonary Delivery: Past, Present, and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:161. [PMID: 38399222 PMCID: PMC10893528 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
With the development of nanotechnology and confronting the problems of traditional pharmaceutical formulations in treating lung diseases, inhalable nano-formulations have attracted interest. Inhalable nano-formulations for treating lung diseases allow for precise pulmonary drug delivery, overcoming physiological barriers, improving aerosol lung deposition rates, and increasing drug bioavailability. They are expected to solve the difficulties faced in treating lung diseases. However, limited success has been recorded in the industrialization translation of inhalable nano-formulations. Only one relevant product has been approved by the FDA to date, suggesting that there are still many issues to be resolved in the clinical application of inhalable nano-formulations. These systems are characterized by a dependence on inhalation devices, while the adaptability of device formulation is still inconclusive, which is the most important issue impeding translational research. In this review, we categorized various inhalable nano-formulations, summarized the advantages of inhalable nano-formulations over conventional inhalation formulations, and listed the inhalable nano-formulations undergoing clinical studies. We focused on the influence of inhalation devices on nano-formulations and analyzed their adaptability. After extensive analysis of the drug delivery mechanisms, technical processes, and limitations of different inhalation devices, we concluded that vibrating mesh nebulizers might be most suitable for delivering inhalable nano-formulations, and related examples were introduced to validate our view. Finally, we presented the challenges and outlook for future development. We anticipate providing an informative reference for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wenhao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhengwei Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Antonovici Munteanu MO, Sandu IG, Vasilache V, Sandu AV, Arcana S, Arcana RI, Sandu I. Implications in Halotherapy of Aerosols from the Salt Mine Targu Ocna-Structural-Functional Characteristics. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2104. [PMID: 37510545 PMCID: PMC10379990 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11142104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The paper presents the evolution of the concentration level for four particle size groups of microaerosols (1.0, 2.5, 4.0 and 10.0 µm) in correlation with the microclimatic characteristics (temperature, humidity, lighting, pressure and concentration in CO2 and O2) in three active areas of the Targu Ocna Saltworks, currently used in treatments with solions (hydrated aerosols): in the vicinity of the walls of the old mining salt room, where there is a semi-wet static regime (SSR); in the transition area between the old rooms of exploitation with the semi-wet dynamic regime (DSR); and in the area of the waterfall and the marshy lake with the dynamic wet regime (DWR). The first and last halochamber are the ones recommended for cardio-respiratory, immuno-thyroid and osteo-muscular conditions, as well as in psycho-motor disorders. Based on questionnaires carried out over the course of a year, between 1 September 2021-31 August 2022, in two periods of stationing/treatment: a cold one (15 September 2021-15 December 2021) and a warm one (1 May 2022-30 July 2022), correlated with the data from the Salina medical office, achieved the profile of the improvement rate of the patients' ailments depending on the type of treatment (working regime in halochambers). These studies have allowed the optimization of the treatment conditions in the artificial surface halochambers in order to reduce the stationary period and optimize the treatment cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Orlanda Antonovici Munteanu
- Doctoral School of Geosciences, Faculty of Geography and Geology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași, 22 Carol I, Blvd., 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ioan Gabriel Sandu
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University, 64 Dumitru Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania
- Romanian Inventors Forum, 3 Sf. Petru Movila St., L11, 3-3, 700089 Iasi, Romania
| | - Viorica Vasilache
- Arheoinvest Center, Department of Natural and Exact Sciences, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 22 Carol I Blvd., 700505 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andrei Victor Sandu
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University, 64 Dumitru Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania
- Romanian Inventors Forum, 3 Sf. Petru Movila St., L11, 3-3, 700089 Iasi, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 54 Splaiul Independentei St., Sect. 5, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Stefanita Arcana
- Doctoral School of the Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Raluca Ioana Arcana
- Doctoral School of the Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Pulmonary Diseases, Str. Dr. I Cihac, Nr. 30, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ion Sandu
- Arheoinvest Center, Department of Natural and Exact Sciences, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 22 Carol I Blvd., 700505 Iasi, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 54 Splaiul Independentei St., Sect. 5, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute for Research and Development in Environmental Protection, 294 Splaiul Independentei, Sector 6, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
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4
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Girigoswami A, Girigoswami K. Potential Applications of Nanoparticles in Improving the Outcome of Lung Cancer Treatment. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1370. [PMID: 37510275 PMCID: PMC10379962 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is managed using conventional therapies, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of both. Each of these therapies has its own limitations, such as the indiscriminate killing of normal as well as cancer cells, the solubility of the chemotherapeutic drugs, rapid clearance of the drugs from circulation before reaching the tumor site, the resistance of cancer cells to radiation, and over-sensitization of normal cells to radiation. Other treatment modalities include gene therapy, immunological checkpoint inhibitors, drug repurposing, and in situ cryo-immune engineering (ICIE) strategy. Nanotechnology has come to the rescue to overcome many shortfalls of conventional therapies. Some of the nano-formulated chemotherapeutic drugs, as well as nanoparticles and nanostructures with surface modifications, have been used for effective cancer cell killing and radio sensitization, respectively. Nano-enabled drug delivery systems act as cargo to deliver the sensitizer molecules specifically to the tumor cells, thereby enabling the radiation therapy to be more effective. In this review, we have discussed the different conventional chemotherapies and radiation therapies used for inhibiting lung cancer. We have also discussed the improvement in chemotherapy and radiation sensitization using nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnishwar Girigoswami
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, Chennai 603103, India
| | - Koyeli Girigoswami
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, Chennai 603103, India
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5
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Uskoković V. Lessons from the history of inorganic nanoparticles for inhalable diagnostics and therapeutics. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 315:102903. [PMID: 37084546 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
The respiratory tract is one of the most accessible ones to exogenous nanoparticles, yet drug delivery by their means to it is made extraordinarily challenging because of the plexus of aerodynamic, hemodynamic and biomolecular factors at cellular and extracellular levels that synergistically define the safety and efficacy of this process. Here, the use of inorganic nanoparticles (INPs) for inhalable diagnostics and therapies of the lung is viewed through the prism of the history of studies on the interaction of INPs with the lower respiratory tract. The most conceptually and methodologically innovative and illuminative studies are referred to in the chronological order, as they were reported in the literature, and the trends in the progress of understanding this interaction of immense therapeutic and toxicological significance are being deduced from it. The most outstanding actual trends delineated include the diminishment of toxicity via surface functionalization, cell targeting, tagging and tracking via controlled binding and uptake, hybrid INP treatments, magnetic guidance, combined drug and gene delivery, use as adjuvants in inhalable vaccines, and other. Many of the understudied research directions, which have been accomplished by the nanostructured organic polymers in the pulmonary niche, are discussed. The progress in the use of INPs as inhalable diagnostics or therapeutics has been hampered by their well-recognized inflammatory potential and toxicity in the respiratory tract. However, the annual numbers of methodologically innovative studies have been on the rise throughout the past two decades, suggesting that this is a prolific direction of research, its comparatively poor commercial takings notwithstanding. Still, the lack of consensus on the effects of many INP compositions at low but therapeutically effective doses, the plethora of contradictory reports on ostensibly identical chemical compositions and NP properties, and the many cases of antagonism in combinatorial NP treatments imply that the rational design of inhalable medical devices based on INPs must rely on qualitative principles for the most part and embrace a partially stochastic approach as well. At the same time, the fact that the most studied INPs for pulmonary applications have been those with some of the thickest records of pulmonary toxicity, e.g., carbon, silver, gold, silica and iron oxide, is a silent call for the expansion of the search for new inorganic compositions for use in inhalable therapies to new territories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuk Uskoković
- Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, TardigradeNano LLC, 7 Park Vista, Irvine, CA 92604, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
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6
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Kole E, Jadhav K, Sirsath N, Dudhe P, Verma RK, Chatterjee A, Naik J. Nanotherapeutics for pulmonary drug delivery: An emerging approach to overcome respiratory diseases. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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7
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Baba Shekh AO, Abdul Wahab R, Yahya NA. Formulation of roselle extract water-in-oil nanoemulsion for controlled pulmonary delivery. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2022.2046044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adil Omer Baba Shekh
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Baharu, Malaysia
- Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Group, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Roswanira Abdul Wahab
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Baharu, Malaysia
- Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Group, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Nur Azzanizawaty Yahya
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Baharu, Malaysia
- Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Group, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
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8
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Valente SA, Silva LM, Lopes GR, Sarmento B, Coimbra MA, Passos CP. Polysaccharide-based formulations as potential carriers for pulmonary delivery - A review of their properties and fates. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 277:118784. [PMID: 34893219 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides can be elite carriers for therapeutic molecules due to their versatility and low probability to trigger toxicity and immunogenic responses. Local and systemic therapies can be achieved through particle pulmonary delivery, a promising non-invasive alternative. Successful pulmonary delivery requires particles with appropriate flowability to reach alveoli and avoid premature clearance mechanisms. Polysaccharides can form micro-, nano-in-micro-, and large porous particles, aerogels, and hydrogels. Herein, the characteristics of polysaccharides used in drug formulations for pulmonary delivery are reviewed, providing insights into structure-function relationships. Charged polysaccharides can confer mucoadhesion, whereas the ability for specific sugar recognition may confer targeting capacity for alveolar macrophages. The method of particle preparation must be chosen considering the properties of the components and the delivery device to be utilized. The fate of polysaccharide-based carriers is dependent on enzyme-triggered hydrolytic and/or oxidative mechanisms, allowing their complete degradation and elimination through urine or reutilization of released monosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Valente
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Lisete M Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Guido R Lopes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- INEB - Institute of Biomedical Engineering Instituto, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; i3S - Institute for Research & Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; CESPU - Institute for Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Manuel A Coimbra
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cláudia P Passos
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Selo MA, Sake JA, Kim KJ, Ehrhardt C. In vitro and ex vivo models in inhalation biopharmaceutical research - advances, challenges and future perspectives. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 177:113862. [PMID: 34256080 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oral inhalation results in pulmonary drug targeting and thereby reduces systemic side effects, making it the preferred means of drug delivery for the treatment of respiratory disorders such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or cystic fibrosis. In addition, the high alveolar surface area, relatively low enzymatic activity and rich blood supply of the distal airspaces offer a promising pathway to the systemic circulation. This is particularly advantageous when a rapid onset of pharmacological action is desired or when the drug is suffering from stability issues or poor biopharmaceutical performance following oral administration. Several cell and tissue-based in vitro and ex vivo models have been developed over the years, with the intention to realistically mimic pulmonary biological barriers. It is the aim of this review to critically discuss the available models regarding their advantages and limitations and to elaborate further which biopharmaceutical questions can and cannot be answered using the existing models.
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Yaqub N, Wayne G, Birchall M, Song W. Recent advances in human respiratory epithelium models for drug discovery. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 54:107832. [PMID: 34481894 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory epithelium is intimately associated with the pathophysiologies of highly infectious viral contagions and chronic illnesses such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, presently the third leading cause of death worldwide with a projected economic burden of £1.7 trillion by 2030. Preclinical studies of respiratory physiology have almost exclusively utilised non-humanised animal models, alongside reductionistic cell line-based models, and primary epithelial cell models cultured at an air-liquid interface (ALI). Despite their utility, these model systems have been limited by their poor correlation to the human condition. This has undermined the ability to identify novel therapeutics, evidenced by a 15% chance of success for medicinal respiratory compounds entering clinical trials in 2018. Consequently, preclinical studies require new translational efficacy models to address the problem of respiratory drug attrition. This review describes the utility of the current in vivo (rodent), ex vivo (isolated perfused lungs and precision cut lung slices), two-dimensional in vitro cell-line (A549, BEAS-2B, Calu-3) and three-dimensional in vitro ALI (gold-standard and co-culture) and organoid respiratory epithelium models. The limitations to the application of these model systems in drug discovery research are discussed, in addition to perspectives of the future innovations required to facilitate the next generation of human-relevant respiratory models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naheem Yaqub
- UCL Centre for Biomaterials in Surgical Reconstruction and Regeneration, Department of Surgical Biotechnology, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Gareth Wayne
- Novel Human Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Martin Birchall
- The Ear Institute, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London WC1X 8EE, UK.
| | - Wenhui Song
- UCL Centre for Biomaterials in Surgical Reconstruction and Regeneration, Department of Surgical Biotechnology, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK.
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11
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Primavessy D, Metz J, Schnur S, Schneider M, Lehr CM, Hittinger M. Pulmonary in vitro instruments for the replacement of animal experiments. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 168:62-75. [PMID: 34438019 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Advanced in vitro systems often combine a mechanical-physical instrument with a biological component e.g. cell culture models. For testing of aerosols, it is of advantage to consider aerosol behavior, particle deposition and lung region specific cell lines. Although there are many good reviews on the selection of cell cultures, articles on instruments are rare. This article focuses on the development of in vitro instruments targeting the exposure of aerosols on cell cultures. In this context, guidelines for toxicity investigation are taken into account as the aim of new methods must be the prediction of human relevant data and the replacement of existing animal experiments. We provide an overview on development history of research-based instruments from a pharmaceutical point of view. The standardized commercial devices resulting from the research-based instruments are presented and the future perspectives on pulmonary in vitro devices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Primavessy
- Department of Drug Delivery, PharmBioTec Research and Development GmbH, Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Julia Metz
- Department of Drug Delivery, PharmBioTec Research and Development GmbH, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schnur
- Department of Drug Delivery, PharmBioTec Research and Development GmbH, Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marc Schneider
- Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Department of Drug Delivery, PharmBioTec Research and Development GmbH, Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marius Hittinger
- Department of Drug Delivery, PharmBioTec Research and Development GmbH, Saarbrücken, Germany; 3RProducts Marius Hittinger, Blieskastel, Germany
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Prasanna P, Rathee S, Upadhyay A, Sulakshana S. Nanotherapeutics in the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Life Sci 2021; 276:119428. [PMID: 33785346 PMCID: PMC7999693 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a form of oxygenation failure primarily characterized by rapid inflammation resulting from a direct pulmonary or indirect systemic insult. ARDS has been a major cause of death in the recent COVID-19 outbreak wherein asymptomatic respiratory tract infection progresses to ARDS from pneumonia have emphasized the need for a reliable therapy for the disease. The disease has a high mortality rate of approximately 30-50%. Despite the high mortality rate, a dearth of effective pharmacotherapy exists that demands extensive research in this area. The complex ARDS pathophysiology which remains to be understood completely and the multifactorial etiology of the disease has led to the poor diagnosis, impeded drug-delivery to the deeper pulmonary tissues, and delayed treatment of the ARDS patients. Besides, critically ill patients are unable to tolerate the off-target side effects. The vast domain of nanobiotechnology presents several drug delivery systems offering numerous benefits such as targeted delivery, prolonged drug release, and uniform drug-distribution. The present review presents a brief insight into the ARDS pathophysiology and summarizes conventional pharmacotherapies available to date. Furthermore, the review provides an updated report of major developments in the nanomedicinal approaches for the treatment of ARDS. We also discuss different nano-formulations studied extensively in the ARDS preclinical models along with underlining the advantages as well as challenges that need to be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Prasanna
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India
| | - Shweta Rathee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat, Haryana 131028, India
| | - Arun Upadhyay
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sulakshana Sulakshana
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Sri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences (SRMS-IMS), Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243202, India.
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Heinen N, Klöhn M, Steinmann E, Pfaender S. In Vitro Lung Models and Their Application to Study SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis and Disease. Viruses 2021; 13:792. [PMID: 33925255 PMCID: PMC8144959 DOI: 10.3390/v13050792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has spread across the globe with an astonishing velocity and lethality that has put scientist and pharmaceutical companies worldwide on the spot to develop novel treatment options and reliable vaccination for billions of people. To combat its associated disease COVID-19 and potentially newly emerging coronaviruses, numerous pre-clinical cell culture techniques have progressively been used, which allow the study of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, basic replication mechanisms, and drug efficiency in the most authentic context. Hence, this review was designed to summarize and discuss currently used in vitro and ex vivo cell culture systems and will illustrate how these systems will help us to face the challenges imposed by the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stephanie Pfaender
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany; (N.H.); (M.K.); (E.S.)
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Optimizations of In Vitro Mucus and Cell Culture Models to Better Predict In Vivo Gene Transfer in Pathological Lung Respiratory Airways: Cystic Fibrosis as an Example. Pharmaceutics 2020; 13:pharmaceutics13010047. [PMID: 33396283 PMCID: PMC7823756 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory epithelium can be affected by many diseases that could be treated using aerosol gene therapy. Among these, cystic fibrosis (CF) is a lethal inherited disease characterized by airways complications, which determine the life expectancy and the effectiveness of aerosolized treatments. Beside evaluations performed under in vivo settings, cell culture models mimicking in vivo pathophysiological conditions can provide complementary insights into the potential of gene transfer strategies. Such models must consider multiple parameters, following the rationale that proper gene transfer evaluations depend on whether they are performed under experimental conditions close to pathophysiological settings. In addition, the mucus layer, which covers the epithelial cells, constitutes a physical barrier for gene delivery, especially in diseases such as CF. Artificial mucus models featuring physical and biological properties similar to CF mucus allow determining the ability of gene transfer systems to effectively reach the underlying epithelium. In this review, we describe mucus and cellular models relevant for CF aerosol gene therapy, with a particular emphasis on mucus rheology. We strongly believe that combining multiple pathophysiological features in single complex cell culture models could help bridge the gaps between in vitro and in vivo settings, as well as viral and non-viral gene delivery strategies.
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15
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Marante T, Viegas C, Duarte I, Macedo AS, Fonte P. An Overview on Spray-Drying of Protein-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles for Dry Powder Inhalation. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1032. [PMID: 33137954 PMCID: PMC7692719 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The delivery of therapeutic proteins remains a challenge, despite recent technological advances. While the delivery of proteins to the lungs is the gold standard for topical and systemic therapy through the lungs, the issue still exists. While pulmonary delivery is highly attractive due to its non-invasive nature, large surface area, possibility of topical and systemic administration, and rapid absorption circumventing the first-pass effect, the absorption of therapeutic proteins is still ineffective, largely due to the immunological and physicochemical barriers of the lungs. Most studies using spray-drying for the nanoencapsulation of drugs focus on the delivery of conventional drugs, which are less susceptible to bioactivity loss, compared to proteins. Herein, the development of polymeric nanoparticles by spray-drying for the delivery of therapeutic proteins is reviewed with an emphasis on its advantages and challenges, and the techniques to evaluate their in vitro and in vivo performance. The protein stability within the carrier and the features of the carrier are properly addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Marante
- Center for Marine Sciences (CCMar), University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (T.M.); (C.V.)
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Viegas
- Center for Marine Sciences (CCMar), University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (T.M.); (C.V.)
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Inês Duarte
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Ana S. Macedo
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences–Applied Chemistry Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Pedro Fonte
- Center for Marine Sciences (CCMar), University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (T.M.); (C.V.)
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
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16
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Cidem A, Bradbury P, Traini D, Ong HX. Modifying and Integrating in vitro and ex vivo Respiratory Models for Inhalation Drug Screening. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:581995. [PMID: 33195144 PMCID: PMC7644812 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.581995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
For the past 50 years, the route of inhalation has been utilized to administer therapies to treat a variety of respiratory and pulmonary diseases. When compared with other drug administration routes, inhalation offers a targeted, non-invasive approach to deliver rapid onset of drug action to the lung, minimizing systemic drug exposure and subsequent side effects. However, despite advances in inhaled therapies, there is still a need to improve the preclinical screening and the efficacy of inhaled therapeutics. Innovative in vitro models of respiratory physiology to determine therapeutic efficacy of inhaled compounds have included the use of organoids, micro-engineered lung-on-chip systems and sophisticated bench-top platforms to enable a better understanding of pulmonary mechanisms at the molecular level, rapidly progressing inhaled therapeutic candidates to the clinic. Furthermore, the integration of complementary ex vivo models, such as precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) and isolated perfused lung platforms have further advanced preclinical drug screening approaches by providing in vivo relevance. In this review, we address the challenges and advances of in vitro models and discuss the implementation of ex vivo inhaled drug screening models. Specifically, we address the importance of understanding human in vivo pulmonary mechanisms in assessing strategies of the preclinical screening of drug efficacy, toxicity and delivery of inhaled therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Cidem
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peta Bradbury
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniela Traini
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hui Xin Ong
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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17
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Shen AM, Minko T. Pharmacokinetics of inhaled nanotherapeutics for pulmonary delivery. J Control Release 2020; 326:222-244. [PMID: 32681948 PMCID: PMC7501141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary delivery of lipid-based nanotherapeutics by inhalation presents an advantageous alternative to oral and intravenous routes of administration that avoids enzymatic degradation in gastrointestinal tract and hepatic first pass metabolism and also limits off-target adverse side effects upon heathy tissues. For lung-related indications, inhalation provides localized delivery in order to enhance therapeutic efficacy at the site of action. Optimization of physicochemical properties, selected drug and inhalation format can greatly influence the pharmacokinetic behavior of inhaled nanoparticle systems and their payloads. The present review analyzes a wide range of nanoparticle systems, their formulations and consequent effect on pharmacokinetic distribution of delivered active components after inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Tamara Minko
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA; Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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18
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Shirazi J, Donzanti MJ, Nelson KM, Zurakowski R, Fromen CA, Gleghorn JP. Significant Unresolved Questions and Opportunities for Bioengineering in Understanding and Treating COVID-19 Disease Progression. Cell Mol Bioeng 2020; 13:259-284. [PMID: 32837585 PMCID: PMC7384395 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-020-00637-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a disease that manifests itself in a multitude of ways across a wide range of tissues. Many factors are involved, and though impressive strides have been made in studying this novel disease in a very short time, there is still a great deal that is unknown about how the virus functions. Clinical data has been crucial for providing information on COVID-19 progression and determining risk factors. However, the mechanisms leading to the multi-tissue pathology are yet to be fully established. Although insights from SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV have been valuable, it is clear that SARS-CoV-2 is different and merits its own extensive studies. In this review, we highlight unresolved questions surrounding this virus including the temporal immune dynamics, infection of non-pulmonary tissue, early life exposure, and the role of circadian rhythms. Risk factors such as sex and exposure to pollutants are also explored followed by a discussion of ways in which bioengineering approaches can be employed to help understand COVID-19. The use of sophisticated in vitro models can be employed to interrogate intercellular interactions and also to tease apart effects of the virus itself from the resulting immune response. Additionally, spatiotemporal information can be gleaned from these models to learn more about the dynamics of the virus and COVID-19 progression. Application of advanced tissue and organ system models into COVID-19 research can result in more nuanced insight into the mechanisms underlying this condition and elucidate strategies to combat its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Shirazi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - Michael J. Donzanti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - Katherine M. Nelson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - Ryan Zurakowski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - Catherine A. Fromen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - Jason P. Gleghorn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE 19716 USA
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19
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Dörner P, Müller PM, Reiter J, Gruhlke MC, Slusarenko AJ, Schröder W, Klaas M. Feasibility study of a surface-coated lung model to quantify active agent deposition for preclinical studies. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2020; 76:105029. [PMID: 32422391 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2020.105029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple drug resistance of a growing number of bacterial pathogens represents an increasing challenge in conventional curative treatments of infectious diseases. However, the development and testing of new antibiotics is associated with a high number of animal experiments. METHODS A symmetrical parametrized lung test rig allowing the exposure of air-passage surfaces to antibiotics was designed and tested to demonstrate proof-of-principle with aerosols containing allicin, which is an antimicrobial natural product from garlic. An artificial lung surface is coated with bacteria embedded in a hydrogel and growth inhibition is visualized by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, that is reduced from colourless to the dark blue formazan in the presence of metabolically active, living cells. A nebulizer is used to generate the aerosols. FINDINGS The results show that allicin has an antibiotic effect as an aerosol and that the deposition pattern of the active agent occurred mainly around the carinal regions. INTERPRETATION The model represents an integral system for continuous, spatial detection of aerosol deposition and allows the analysis of bacterial behaviour and the toxicity of the active agent. Thus, the deposition of antimicrobial aerosols on the bronchial surfaces is characterized in preliminary tests without any animal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Dörner
- Chair of Fluid Mechanics and Institute of Aerodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, Wüllnerstr. 5a, 52062 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Philipp M Müller
- Chair of Fluid Mechanics and Institute of Aerodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, Wüllnerstr. 5a, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jana Reiter
- Department of Plant Physiology (Bio III), RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin C Gruhlke
- Department of Plant Physiology (Bio III), RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alan J Slusarenko
- Department of Plant Physiology (Bio III), RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schröder
- Chair of Fluid Mechanics and Institute of Aerodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, Wüllnerstr. 5a, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Klaas
- Chair of Fluid Mechanics and Institute of Aerodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, Wüllnerstr. 5a, 52062 Aachen, Germany
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20
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Otroj M, Taymouri S, Varshosaz J, Mirian M. Preparation and characterization of dry powder containing sunitinib loaded PHBV nanoparticles for enhanced pulmonary delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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21
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Deshmukh S, Sangawar V. One-step synthesis of polyethylene microspheres using a modified chemical route for pulmonary drug delivery. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtusci.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S.S. Deshmukh
- Department of Physics, Proff. Ram Meghe Institute of Tech. & Research, Badnera, Amravati, India
| | - V.S. Sangawar
- Department of Physics, Govt. Vidarbh Institute of Science & Humanities, Amravati, India
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22
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N'Guessan A, Fattal E, Chapron D, Gueutin C, Koffi A, Tsapis N. Dexamethasone palmitate large porous particles: A controlled release formulation for lung delivery of corticosteroids. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 113:185-192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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23
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ApoE-modified solid lipid nanoparticles: A feasible strategy to cross the blood-brain barrier. J Control Release 2017; 249:103-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Islan GA, Ruiz ME, Morales JF, Sbaraglini ML, Enrique AV, Burton G, Talevi A, Bruno-Blanch LE, Castro GR. Hybrid inhalable microparticles for dual controlled release of levofloxacin and DNase: physicochemical characterization and in vivo targeted delivery to the lungs. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:3132-3144. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb03366k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Current medical treatments against recurrent pulmonary infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, such as cystic fibrosis (CF) disorder, involve the administration of inhalable antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. A. Islan
- Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales
- CINDEFI – Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata – CONICET (CCT La Plata)
- Buenos Aires
| | - M. E. Ruiz
- Cátedra de Control de Calidad de Medicamentos
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata
- Buenos Aires
| | - J. F. Morales
- Cátedra de Control de Calidad de Medicamentos
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata
- Buenos Aires
| | - M. L. Sbaraglini
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Bioactivos (LIDeB)
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata
- Buenos Aires
| | - A. V. Enrique
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Bioactivos (LIDeB)
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata
- Buenos Aires
| | - G. Burton
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and UMYMFOR (CONICET-UBA)
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- Ciudad Universitaria
- Buenos Aires
| | - A. Talevi
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Bioactivos (LIDeB)
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata
- Buenos Aires
| | - L. E. Bruno-Blanch
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Bioactivos (LIDeB)
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata
- Buenos Aires
| | - G. R. Castro
- Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales
- CINDEFI – Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata – CONICET (CCT La Plata)
- Buenos Aires
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25
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Hanna LA, Basalious EB, ELGazayerly ON. Respirable controlled release polymeric colloid (RCRPC) of bosentan for the management of pulmonary hypertension: in vitro aerosolization, histological examination and in vivo pulmonary absorption. Drug Deliv 2016; 24:188-198. [PMID: 28156176 PMCID: PMC8241195 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1239661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bosentan is an endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA) prescribed for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The oral delivery of bosentan possesses several drawbacks such as low bioavailability (about 50%), short duration of action, frequent administration, hepatotoxicity and systemic hypotension. The pulmonary administration would circumvent the pre-systemic metabolism thus improving the bioavailability and avoids the systemic adverse effects of oral bosentan. However, the short duration of action and the frequent administration are the major drawbacks of inhalation therapy. Thus, the aim of this work is to explore the potential of respirable controlled release polymeric colloid (RCRPC) for effective, safe and sustained pulmonary delivery of bosentan. Central composite design was adopted to study the influence of formulation and process variables on nanoparticles properties. The particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), entrapment efficiency (EE) and in vitro bosentan released were selected as dependent variables. The optimized RCRPC showed particle size of 420 nm, PDI of 0.39, EE of 60.5% and sustained release pattern where only 31.0% was released after 16 h. The in vitro nebulization of RCRPC indicated that PLGA nanoparticles could be incorporated into respirable nebulized droplets better than drug solution. Pharmacokinetics and histopathological examination were determined after intratracheal administration of the developed RCRPC to male albino rats compared to the oral bosentan suspension. Results revealed the great improvement of bioavailability (12.71 folds) and sustained vasodilation effect on the pulmonary blood vessels (more than 12 h). Bosentan-loaded RCRPC administered via the pulmonary route may therefore constitute an advance in the management of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia A. Hanna
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Emad B. Basalious
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omaima N. ELGazayerly
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Shatkin JA, Ong KJ. Alternative Testing Strategies for Nanomaterials: State of the Science and Considerations for Risk Analysis. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2016; 36:1564-1580. [PMID: 27273523 DOI: 10.1111/risa.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The rapid growth of the nanotechnology industry has warranted equal progress in the nanotoxicology and risk assessment fields. In vivo models have traditionally been used to determine human and environmental risk for chemicals; however, the use of these tests has limitations, and there are global appeals to develop reliable alternatives to animal testing. Many have investigated the use of alternative (nonanimal) testing methods and strategies have quickly developed and resulted in the generation of large toxicological data sets for numerous nanomaterials (NMs). Due to the novel physicochemical properties of NMs that are related to surface characteristics, the approach toward toxicity test development has distinct considerations from traditional chemicals, bringing new requirements for adapting these approaches for NMs. The methodical development of strategies that combine multiple alternative tests can be useful for predictive NM risk assessment and help screening-level decision making. This article provides an overview of the main developments in alternative methods and strategies for reducing uncertainty in NM risk assessment, including advantages and disadvantages of in vitro, ex vivo, and in silico methods, and examples of existing comprehensive strategies. In addition, knowledge gaps are identified toward improvements for experimental and strategy design, specifically highlighting the need to represent realistic exposure scenarios and to consider NM-specific concerns such as characterization, assay interferences, and standardization. Overall, this article aims to improve the reliability and utility of alternative testing methods and strategies for risk assessment of manufactured NMs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K J Ong
- Vireo Advisors, LLC, Boston, MA, USA
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27
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Carvalho TC, McConville JT. The function and performance of aqueous aerosol devices for inhalation therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 68:556-78. [PMID: 27061412 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this review paper, we explore the interaction between the functioning mechanism of different nebulizers and the physicochemical properties of the formulations for several types of devices, namely jet, ultrasonic and vibrating-mesh nebulizers; colliding and extruded jets; electrohydrodynamic mechanism; surface acoustic wave microfluidic atomization; and capillary aerosol generation. KEY FINDINGS Nebulization is the transformation of bulk liquids into droplets. For inhalation therapy, nebulizers are widely used to aerosolize aqueous systems, such as solutions and suspensions. The interaction between the functioning mechanism of different nebulizers and the physicochemical properties of the formulations plays a significant role in the performance of aerosol generation appropriate for pulmonary delivery. Certain types of nebulizers have consistently presented temperature increase during the nebulization event. Therefore, careful consideration should be given when evaluating thermo-labile drugs, such as protein therapeutics. We also present the general approaches for characterization of nebulizer formulations. SUMMARY In conclusion, the interplay between the dosage form (i.e. aqueous systems) and the specific type of device for aerosol generation determines the effectiveness of drug delivery in nebulization therapies, thus requiring extensive understanding and characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago C Carvalho
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Drug Product Science & Technology, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jason T McConville
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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28
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Potential of the isolated lung technique for the examination of sildenafil absorption from lung-delivered poly(lactide- co -glycolide) microparticles. J Control Release 2016; 226:15-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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29
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Asai A, Okuda T, Yamauchi T, Sugiura Y, Okamoto H. Safety Evaluation of Dry Powder Formulations by Direct Dispersion onto Air-Liquid Interface Cultured Cell Layer. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 39:368-77. [PMID: 26754254 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Most safety evaluations of dry powder inhalers (DPIs) using cultured cells have been performed with dry powder formulations dissolved in a medium. However, this method is not considered to be suitable to evaluate the safety of inhaled dry powder formulations correctly since it cannot reflect the actual phenomenon on the respiratory epithelial surface. In this study, we established a novel in-vitro safety evaluation system suitable for DPIs by combining an air-liquid interface cultured cell layer and a device for dispersing dry powders, and evaluated the safety of candidate excipients of dry powders for inhalation. The safety of excipients (sugars, amino acids, cyclodextrins, and positive controls) in solutions was compared using submerged cell culture systems with a conventional 96-well plate and Transwell(®). The sensitivity of the cells grown in Transwell(®) was lower than that of those grown in the 96-well plate. Dry powders were prepared by spray-drying and we evaluated their safety with a novel in-vitro safety evaluation system using an air-liquid interface cultured cell layer. Dry powders decreased the cell viability with doses more than solutions. On the other hand, dissolving the dry powders attenuated their cytotoxicity. This suggested that the novel in-vitro safety evaluation system would be suitable to evaluate the safety of DPIs with high sensitivity.
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30
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Asai A, Okuda T, Sonoda E, Yamauchi T, Kato S, Okamoto H. Drug Permeation Characterization of Inhaled Dry Powder Formulations in Air-Liquid Interfaced Cell Layer Using an Improved, Simple Apparatus for Dispersion. Pharm Res 2015; 33:487-97. [PMID: 26490362 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1804-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE An improved, simple apparatus was developed to easily and uniformly disperse dry powders onto an air-liquid interfaced cultured cell layer. We investigated drug permeation in cell cultures with access to the air-liquid interface (ALI) following deposition of a dry powder using the apparatus. METHOD The improved apparatus for dispersing the powders was assembled. Dry powders containing model drugs were prepared and dispersed onto the cell layer with ALI. After the dispersion, the permeation of each model drug was measured and compared with other samples (solutions with the same compositions). RESULTS The improved apparatus could with ease uniformly disperse 40% of the loading dose onto the cell layer with ALI. Dry powders showed higher drug permeability compared to the samples. without cytotoxicity or an effect on tight junctions. The high drug permeability of dry powders was independent of the molecular weight of model drugs. The contribution of active transport was small, while an increase in passive drug transport via trans- and paracellular routes was observed. CONCLUSIONS Inhaled dry powder formulations achieved higher drug permeability than their solution formulations in ALI. A high local concentration of drugs on the cell layer, caused by direct attachment of the inhaled dry powder, contributed to increased drug permeability via both trans- and paracellular routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumu Asai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-8503, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Okuda
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-8503, Japan
| | - Erina Sonoda
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-8503, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Yamauchi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-8503, Japan
| | - Saki Kato
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-8503, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Okamoto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-8503, Japan.
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Formulation and nebulization of fluticasone propionate-loaded lipid nanocarriers. Int J Pharm 2015; 493:224-32. [PMID: 26183331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Inhaled fluticasone propionate (FP) is often prescribed as a first-line therapy for the effective management of pulmonary diseases such as asthma. As nanocarriers offer many advantages over other drug delivery systems, this study investigated the suitability of lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) as a carrier for fluticasone propionate, examining the drug-related factors that should be considered in the formulation design and the behaviour of LNCs with different compositions and properties suspended within aerosol droplets under the relatively hostile conditions of nebulization. By adjusting the formulation conditions, particularly the nanocarrier composition, FP was efficiently encapsulated within the LNCs with a yield of up to 97%, and a concentration comparable to commercially available preparations was achieved. Moreover, testing the solubility of the drug in oil and water and determining the oil/water partition coefficient proved to be useful when assessing the encapsulation of the FP in the LNC formulation. Nebulization did not cause the FP to leak from the formulation, and no phase separation was observed after nebulization. LNCs with a diameter of 100 nm containing a smaller amount of surfactant and a larger amount of oil provided a better FP-loading capacity and better stability during nebulization than 30 or 60 nm LNCs.
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Generation of tailored aerosols for inhalative drug delivery employing recent vibrating-mesh nebulizer systems. Ther Deliv 2015; 6:621-36. [DOI: 10.4155/tde.15.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct drug delivery to the lungs is considered the gold standard for the treatment of a variety of respiratory diseases, owing to the increased therapeutic selectivity of the inhalative approach. Airborne formulations with defined size characteristics are required to improve the deposition pattern within the airways. In this respect, different nebulizer systems have been conceived, which has enabled the generation of respirable medicament mists. Here, vibrating-mesh technology revealed significant potential to overcome the main shortcomings associated with ‘traditional’ devices. Tailored orifice dimensions and defined formulation characteristics are of special interest for the generation of suitable aerosol droplets for inhalative purposes. Ongoing developments in device and formulation design will optimize the clinical outcome of inhalative drug delivery under application of vibrating-mesh technology.
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El-Sherbiny IM, El-Baz NM, Yacoub MH. Inhaled nano- and microparticles for drug delivery. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract 2015; 2015:2. [PMID: 26779496 PMCID: PMC4386009 DOI: 10.5339/gcsp.2015.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The 21st century has seen a paradigm shift to inhaled therapy, for both systemic and local drug delivery, due to the lung's favourable properties of a large surface area and high permeability. Pulmonary drug delivery possesses many advantages, including non-invasive route of administration, low metabolic activity, control environment for systemic absorption and avoids first bypass metabolism. However, because the lung is one of the major ports of entry, it has multiple clearance mechanisms, which prevent foreign particles from entering the body. Although these clearance mechanisms maintain the sterility of the lung, clearance mechanisms can also act as barriers to the therapeutic effectiveness of inhaled drugs. This effectiveness is also influenced by the deposition site and delivered dose. Particulate-based drug delivery systems have emerged as an innovative and promising alternative to conventional inhaled drugs to circumvent pulmonary clearance mechanisms and provide enhanced therapeutic efficiency and controlled drug release. The principle of multiple pulmonary clearance mechanisms is reviewed, including mucociliary, alveolar macrophages, absorptive, and metabolic degradation. This review also discusses the current approaches and formulations developed to achieve optimal pulmonary drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M El-Sherbiny
- Zewail City of Science and Technology, Center for Materials Science, 6 October City, 12588 Giza, Egypt
| | - Nancy M El-Baz
- Zewail City of Science and Technology, Center for Materials Science, 6 October City, 12588 Giza, Egypt
| | - Magdi H Yacoub
- Harefield Heart Science Centre, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
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34
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Evaluation of Lung Toxicity of Biodegradable Nanoparticles. ADVANCES IN DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-11355-5_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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35
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Dalla-Bona AC, Schmehl T, Gessler T, Seeger W, Beck-Broichsitter M. Systematic aging of degradable nanosuspension ameliorates vibrating-mesh nebulizer performance. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2014; 41:1704-9. [PMID: 25519975 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2014.993399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The process of vibrating-mesh nebulization is affected by sample physicochemical properties. Exemplary, electrolyte supplementation of diverse formulations facilitated the delivery of adequate aerosols for deep lung deposition. OBJECTIVE This study addressed the impact of storage conditions of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanosuspension on aerosol properties when nebulized by the eFlow®rapid. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, purified nanosuspensions were supplemented with electrolytes (i.e. sodium chloride, lactic and glycolic acid). Second, the degradable nanoparticles (NP) were incubated at different temperatures (i.e. 4, 22 and 36 °C) for up to two weeks. The effect of formulation supplementation and storage on aerosol characteristics was studied by laser diffraction and correlated with the sample conductivity. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Nebulization of purified nanosuspensions resulted in droplet diameters of >7.0 µm. However, electrolyte supplementation and storage, which led to an increase in sample conductivity (>10-20 µS/cm), were capable of providing smaller droplet diameters during vibrating-mesh nebulization (≤5.0 µm). No relevant change of NP properties (i.e. size, morphology, remaining mass and molecular weight of the employed polymer) was observed when incubated at 22 °C for two weeks. CONCLUSION Sample aging is an alternative to electrolyte supplementation in order to ameliorate the aerosol characteristics of degradable NP formulations when nebulized by vibrating-mesh technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C Dalla-Bona
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Medical Clinic II, Justus-Liebig-Universität , Giessen , Germany
| | - Thomas Schmehl
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Medical Clinic II, Justus-Liebig-Universität , Giessen , Germany
| | - Tobias Gessler
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Medical Clinic II, Justus-Liebig-Universität , Giessen , Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Medical Clinic II, Justus-Liebig-Universität , Giessen , Germany
| | - Moritz Beck-Broichsitter
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Medical Clinic II, Justus-Liebig-Universität , Giessen , Germany
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36
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Beck-Broichsitter M, Ruppert C, Schmehl T, Günther A, Seeger W. Biophysical inhibition of pulmonary surfactant function by polymeric nanoparticles: role of surfactant protein B and C. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:4678-4684. [PMID: 25087869 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The current study investigated the mechanisms involved in the process of biophysical inhibition of pulmonary surfactant by polymeric nanoparticles (NP). The minimal surface tension of diverse synthetic surfactants was monitored in the presence of bare and surface-decorated (i.e. poloxamer 407) sub-100 nm poly(lactide) NP. Moreover, the influence of NP on surfactant composition (i.e. surfactant protein (SP) content) was studied. Dose-elevations of SP advanced the biophysical activity of the tested surfactant preparation. Surfactant-associated protein C supplemented phospholipid mixtures (PLM-C) were shown to be more susceptible to biophysical inactivation by bare NP than phospholipid mixture supplemented with surfactant protein B (PLM-B) and PLM-B/C. Surfactant function was hindered owing to a drastic depletion of the SP content upon contact with bare NP. By contrast, surface-modified NP were capable of circumventing unwanted surfactant inhibition. Surfactant constitution influences the extent of biophysical inhibition by polymeric NP. Steric shielding of the NP surface minimizes unwanted NP-surfactant interactions, which represents an option for the development of surfactant-compatible nanomedicines.
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37
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Jurek SC, Hirano-Kobayashi M, Chiang H, Kohane DS, Matthews BD. Prevention of ventilator-induced lung edema by inhalation of nanoparticles releasing ruthenium red. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 50:1107-17. [PMID: 24405281 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0163oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a devastating lung disease that has no cure, is exacerbated by life-supportive mechanical ventilation that worsens lung edema and inflammation through the syndrome of ventilator-induced lung injury. Recently, the membrane ion channel transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) on alveolar macrophages was shown to mediate murine lung vascular permeability induced by high-pressure mechanical ventilation. The objective of this study was to determine whether inhalation of nanoparticles (NPs) containing the TRPV4 inhibitor ruthenium red (RR) prevents ventilator-induced lung edema in mice. Poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid NPs containing RR were evaluated in vitro for their ability to block TRPV4-mediated calcium signaling in alveolar macrophages and capillary endothelial cells. Lungs from adult C57BL6 mice treated with nebulized NPs were then used in ex vivo ventilation perfusion experiments to assess the ability of the NPs to prevent high-pressure mechanical ventilation-induced lung edema. Poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid NPs (300 nm) released RR for 150 hours in vitro, and blocked TRPV4-mediated calcium signaling in cells up to 7 days after phagocytosis. Inhaled NPs deposited in alveoli of spontaneously breathing mice were rapidly phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages, and blocked increased vascular permeability from high-pressure mechanical ventilation for 72 hours in ex vivo ventilation perfusion experiments. These data offer proof of principle that inhalation of NPs containing a TRPV4 inhibitor prevents ventilator damage for several days, and imply that this novel drug delivery strategy could be used to target alveolar macrophages in patients at risk of ventilator-induced lung injury before initiating mechanical ventilation.
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38
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Beck-Broichsitter M, Knuedeler MC, Seeger W, Schmehl T. Controlling the droplet size of formulations nebulized by vibrating-membrane technology. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 87:524-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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39
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Beck-Broichsitter M, Prüfer N, Oesterheld N, Seeger W, Schmehl T. Nebulization of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients with the eFlow®rapid: Impact of Formulation Variables on Aerodynamic Characteristics. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:2585-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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40
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Harris DG, Quinn KJ, Dahi S, Burdorf L, Azimzadeh AM, Pierson RN. Lung xenotransplantation: recent progress and current status. Xenotransplantation 2014; 21:496-506. [PMID: 25040467 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Xenotransplantation has undergone important progress in controlling initial hyperacute rejection in many preclinical models, with some cell, tissue, and organ xenografts advancing toward clinical trials. However, acute injury, driven primarily by innate immune and inflammatory responses, continues to limit results in lung xenograft models. The purpose of this article is to review the current status of lung xenotransplantation--including the seemingly unique challenges posed by this organ-and summarize proven and emerging means of overcoming acute lung xenograft injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald G Harris
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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41
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Menon JU, Ravikumar P, Pise A, Gyawali D, Hsia CCW, Nguyen KT. Polymeric nanoparticles for pulmonary protein and DNA delivery. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:2643-52. [PMID: 24512977 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) are promising carriers of biological agents to the lung due to advantages including biocompatibility, ease of surface modification, localized action and reduced systemic toxicity. However, there have been no studies extensively characterizing and comparing the behavior of polymeric NPs for pulmonary protein/DNA delivery both in vitro and in vitro. We screened six polymeric NPs: gelatin, chitosan, alginate, poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA), PLGA-chitosan and PLGA-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), for inhalational protein/DNA delivery. All NPs except PLGA-PEG and alginate were <300nm in size with a bi-phasic core compound release profile. Gelatin, PLGA NPs and PLGA-PEG NPs remained stable in deionized water, serum, saline and simulated lung fluid (Gamble's solution) over 5days. PLGA-based NPs and natural polymer NPs exhibited the highest cytocompatibility and dose-dependent in vitro uptake, respectively, by human alveolar type-1 epithelial cells. Based on these profiles, gelatin and PLGA NPs were used to encapsulate plasmid DNA encoding yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) or rhodamine-conjugated erythropoietin (EPO) for inhalational delivery to rats. Following a single inhalation, widespread pulmonary EPO distribution persisted for up to 10days while increasing YFP expression was observed for at least 7days for both NPs. The overall results support both PLGA and gelatin NPs as promising carriers for pulmonary protein/DNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyothi U Menon
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA; Graduate Biomedical Engineering Program, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Priya Ravikumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Amruta Pise
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA; Graduate Biomedical Engineering Program, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dipendra Gyawali
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA; Graduate Biomedical Engineering Program, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Connie C W Hsia
- Graduate Biomedical Engineering Program, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Kytai T Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA; Graduate Biomedical Engineering Program, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Nelson K, Bobba C, Ghadiali S, Jr DH, Black SM, Whitson BA. Animal models of ex vivo lung perfusion as a platform for transplantation research. World J Exp Med 2014; 4:7-15. [PMID: 24977117 PMCID: PMC4073219 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v4.i2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) is a powerful experimental model for isolated lung research. EVLP allows for the lungs to be manipulated and characterized in an external environment so that the effect of specific ventilation/perfusion variables can be studied independent of other confounding physiologic contributions. At the same time, EVLP allows for normal organ level function and real-time monitoring of pulmonary physiology and mechanics. As a result, this technique provides unique advantages over in vivo and in vitro models. Small and large animal models of EVLP have been developed and each of these models has their strengths and weaknesses. In this manuscript, we provide insight into the relative strengths of each model and describe how the development of advanced EVLP protocols is leading to a novel experimental platform that can be used to answer critical questions in pulmonary physiology and transplant medicine.
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43
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Nanoparticle-mediated pulmonary drug delivery: a review. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:5852-73. [PMID: 24717409 PMCID: PMC4013600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15045852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colloidal drug delivery systems have been extensively investigated as drug carriers for the application of different drugs via different routes of administration. Systems, such as solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles and liposomes, have been investigated for a long time for the treatment of various lung diseases. The pulmonary route, owing to a noninvasive method of drug administration, for both local and systemic delivery of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) forms an ideal environment for APIs acting on pulmonary diseases and disorders. Additionally, this route offers many advantages, such as a high surface area with rapid absorption due to high vascularization and circumvention of the first pass effect. Aerosolization or inhalation of colloidal systems is currently being extensively studied and has huge potential for targeted drug delivery in the treatment of various diseases. Furthermore, the surfactant-associated proteins present at the interface enhance the effect of these formulations by decreasing the surface tension and allowing the maximum effect. The most challenging part of developing a colloidal system for nebulization is to maintain the critical physicochemical parameters for successful inhalation. The following review focuses on the current status of different colloidal systems available for the treatment of various lung disorders along with their characterization. Additionally, different in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo cell models developed for the testing of these systems with studies involving cell culture analysis are also discussed.
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Paranjpe M, Neuhaus V, Finke JH, Richter C, Gothsch T, Kwade A, Büttgenbach S, Braun A, Müller-Goymann CC. In vitro and ex vivo toxicological testing of sildenafil-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles. Inhal Toxicol 2014; 25:536-43. [PMID: 23905970 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2013.810315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential cytotoxicity of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) loaded with sildenafil. The SLNs were tested as a new drug delivery system (DDS) for the inhalable treatment of pulmonary hypertension in human lungs. Solubility of sildenafil in SLN lipid matrix (30:70 phospholipid:triglyceride) was determined to 1% sildenafil base and 0.1% sildenafil citrate, respectively. Sildenafil-loaded SLN with particle size of approximately 180 nm and monomodal particle size distribution were successfully manufactured using a novel microchannel homogenization method and were stable up to three months. Sildenafil-loaded SLN were then used in in vitro and ex vivo models representing lung and heart tissue. For in vitro models, human alveolar epithelial cell line (A459) and mouse heart endothelium cell line (MHEC5-T) were used. For ex vivo models, rat precision cut lung slices (PCLS) and rat heart slices (PCHS) were used. All the models were treated with plain SLN and sildenafil-loaded SLN in a concentration range of 0-5000 µg/ml of lipid matrix. The toxicity was evaluated in vitro and ex vivo by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Median lethal dose 50% (LD50) values for A549 cells and PCLS were found to be in the range of 1200-1900 µg/ml while for MHEC5-T cells and precision cut heart slices values were found between 1500 and 2800 µg/ml. PCHS showed slightly higher LD50 values in comparison to PCLS. Considering the toxicological aspects, sildenafil-loaded SLN could have potential in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension via inhalation route.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Paranjpe
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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Beck-Broichsitter M, Knuedeler MC, Oesterheld N, Seeger W, Schmehl T. Boosting the aerodynamic properties of vibrating-mesh nebulized polymeric nanosuspensions. Int J Pharm 2014; 459:23-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Preparation of nanoscale pulmonary drug delivery formulations by spray drying. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 811:183-206. [PMID: 24683033 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-8739-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Advances in preparation technologies for nanomedicines have provided novel formulations for pulmonary drug delivery. Application of drugs via the lungs can be considered as one of the most attractive implementations of nanoparticles for therapeutic use due to the unique anatomy and physiology of the lungs. The colloidal nature of nanoparticles provides important advantages to the formulation of drugs, which are normally difficult to administer due to poor stability or uptake, partly because nanoparticles protect the drug from the physiological milieu, facilitate transport across biological barriers and can offer controlled drug release. There are numerous methods for producing therapeutic nanoparticles, each with their own advantages and suitable application. Liquid atomization techniques such as spray drying can produce nanoparticle formulations in a dry powder form suitable for pulmonary administration in a direct one-step process. This chapter describes the different state-of-the-art techniques used to prepare drug nanoparticles (with special emphasize on spray drying techniques) and the strategies for administering such unique formulations to the pulmonary environment.
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Beck-Broichsitter M, Oesterheld N, Knuedeler MC, Seeger W, Schmehl T. On the correlation of output rate and aerodynamic characteristics in vibrating-mesh-based aqueous aerosol delivery. Int J Pharm 2014; 461:34-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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48
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Beck-Broichsitter M, Dalla-Bona AC, Kissel T, Seeger W, Schmehl T. Polymer nanoparticle-based controlled pulmonary drug delivery. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1141:133-145. [PMID: 24567136 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0363-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of novel formulations for controlled pulmonary drug delivery purposes has gained remarkable interest in medicine. Although nanomedicine represents attractive concepts for the treatment of numerous systemic diseases, scant information is available on the controlled drug release characteristics of colloidal formulations following lung administration, which might be attributed to the lack of methods to follow their absorption and distribution behavior in the pulmonary environment.In this chapter, we describe the methods of preparation and characterization of drug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles prepared from biodegradable charge-modified branched polyesters, aerosolization of the nanosuspensions using a vibrating-mesh nebulizer, and evaluation of the pulmonary pharmacokinetics (i.e., absorption and distribution characteristics) of the nanoscale drug delivery vehicles following aerosol delivery to the airspace of an isolated lung model. The disclosed methodology may contribute to the design of advanced colloids for the treatment of respiratory disorders.
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Beck-Broichsitter M, Ruppert C, Schmehl T, Günther A, Seeger W. Biophysical inhibition of synthetic vs. naturally-derived pulmonary surfactant preparations by polymeric nanoparticles. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:474-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
A significant number of research articles have focused on pulmonary delivery as an alternative administration route owing to no first-pass metabolism, low protease activity, thin epithelium barrier and large surface area in the lung system. Controlled release in the pulmonary delivery system further reduces loading dose, frequency of dosing and systemic side effects, and also increases duration of action and patient compliance. Compared with other microparticles used in controlled-release pulmonary administration, hydrogels (3D polymeric matrix networks) have recently been investigated due to their swelling and mucoadhesive properties that could help bypass pulmonary delivery barriers. This review introduces controlled-release drug delivery to the lung, followed by a summary of currently available approaches for controlled-release pulmonary drug delivery. Lastly, the origin, advantages, detailed applications and concerns of hydrogels in pulmonary delivery are discussed.
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