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Suksawat T, Brniak W, Łyszczarz E, Wesoły M, Ciosek-Skibińska P, Mendyk A. Orodispersible Dosage Forms with Rhinacanthin-Rich Extract as a Convenient Formulation Dedicated to Pediatric Patients. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:994. [PMID: 39204099 PMCID: PMC11356918 DOI: 10.3390/ph17080994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhinacanthins, derived from Rhinacanthus nasutus, widely used in traditional medicine, exhibit antifungal, anticancer, antiviral, antibacterial, and antiplatelet aggregation effects. Recently, their anti-diabetic activity was confirmed, which makes them an interesting natural alternative in the therapy of the early stage of diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the possibility of formulating orodispersible tablets (ODTs) and orodispersible films (ODFs) containing rhinacanthin-rich extract (RRE). Tablets with 50 mg or 100 mg of RRE were produced by direct compression. ODFs were manufactured by casting of Lycoat RS 720 or polyvinyl alcohol solution with RRE and additional excipients. The mechanical properties and disintegration times of the prepared formulations were studied. The effectiveness of taste masking was analyzed with an electronic tongue system. Six months simplified stability studies were performed in conditions complying to ICH guidelines. Appropriate friability of ODTs was achieved, despite low tensile strength (0.45-0.62 MPa). All prepared ODFs successfully met the acceptance criteria regarding Young's modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break. The observed variations in their mechanical properties were dependent on the type and quantity of polymers and plasticizers used. Disintegration time of ODTs ranged from 38.7 s to 54.2 s, while for ODFs from 24.2 to 40 s in the pharmacopoeial apparatus. Analyses made with the electronic tongue showed the significant taste-masking effect in both formulations. The addition of sucralose as a sweetener and menthol with mint flavor as a taste-masking agent was sufficient to mask an RRE's taste in the case of ODTs and ODFs. Stability studies of ODTs packed in the PVC/Alu blisters showed a decrease in the RRE content below 90% after 6 months. However, ODFs with PVA were physicochemically stable for 6 months while being stored in Alu/Alu sachets. Our study proved for the first time the possibility of the formulation of orodispersible dosage forms with RRE, characterized by good mechanical properties, disintegration time, and appropriate taste masking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Witold Brniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Łyszczarz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wesoły
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patrycja Ciosek-Skibińska
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksander Mendyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
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2
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Junnila A, Mortier L, Arbiol A, Harju E, Tomberg T, Hirvonen J, Viitala T, Karttunen AP, Peltonen L. Rheological insights into 3D printing of drug products: Drug nanocrystal-poloxamer gels for semisolid extrusion. Int J Pharm 2024; 655:124070. [PMID: 38554740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The importance of ink rheology to the outcome of 3D printing is well recognized. However, rheological properties of printing inks containing drug nanocrystals have not been widely investigated. Therefore, the objective of this study was to establish a correlation between the composition of nanocrystal printing ink, the ink rheology, and the entire printing process. Indomethacin was used as a model poorly soluble drug to produce nanosuspensions with improved solubility properties through particle size reduction. The nanosuspensions were further developed into semisolid extrusion 3D printing inks with varying nanocrystal and poloxamer 407 concentrations. Nanocrystals were found to affect the rheological properties of the printing inks both by being less self-supporting and having higher yielding resistances. During printing, nozzle blockages occurred. Nevertheless, all inks were found to be printable. Finally, the rheological properties of the inks were successfully correlated with various printing and product properties. Overall, these experiments shed new light on the rheological properties of printing inks containing nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atte Junnila
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, § ,University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Laurence Mortier
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, § ,University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alba Arbiol
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, § ,University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Harju
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, § ,University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teemu Tomberg
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, § ,University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouni Hirvonen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, § ,University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tapani Viitala
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, § ,University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Anssi-Pekka Karttunen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, § ,University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Peltonen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, § ,University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Carou-Senra P, Rodríguez-Pombo L, Awad A, Basit AW, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Goyanes A. Inkjet Printing of Pharmaceuticals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309164. [PMID: 37946604 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Inkjet printing (IJP) is an additive manufacturing process that selectively deposits ink materials, layer-by-layer, to create 3D objects or 2D patterns with precise control over their structure and composition. This technology has emerged as an attractive and versatile approach to address the ever-evolving demands of personalized medicine in the healthcare industry. Although originally developed for nonhealthcare applications, IJP harnesses the potential of pharma-inks, which are meticulously formulated inks containing drugs and pharmaceutical excipients. Delving into the formulation and components of pharma-inks, the key to precise and adaptable material deposition enabled by IJP is unraveled. The review extends its focus to substrate materials, including paper, films, foams, lenses, and 3D-printed materials, showcasing their diverse advantages, while exploring a wide spectrum of therapeutic applications. Additionally, the potential benefits of hardware and software improvements, along with artificial intelligence integration, are discussed to enhance IJP's precision and efficiency. Embracing these advancements, IJP holds immense potential to reshape traditional medicine manufacturing processes, ushering in an era of medical precision. However, further exploration and optimization are needed to fully utilize IJP's healthcare capabilities. As researchers push the boundaries of IJP, the vision of patient-specific treatment is on the horizon of becoming a tangible reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Carou-Senra
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Lucía Rodríguez-Pombo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Atheer Awad
- Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Abdul W Basit
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
- FABRX Ltd., Henwood House, Henwood, Ashford, Kent, TN24 8DH, UK
- FABRX Artificial Intelligence, Carretera de Escairón 14, Currelos (O Saviñao), CP 27543, Spain
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Alvaro Goyanes
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
- FABRX Ltd., Henwood House, Henwood, Ashford, Kent, TN24 8DH, UK
- FABRX Artificial Intelligence, Carretera de Escairón 14, Currelos (O Saviñao), CP 27543, Spain
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Sterle Zorec B. Two-dimensional printing of nanoparticles as a promising therapeutic method for personalized drug administration. Pharm Dev Technol 2023; 28:826-842. [PMID: 37788221 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2023.2264920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The necessity for personalized patient treatment has drastically increased since the contribution of genes to the differences in physiological and metabolic state of individuals have been exposed. Different approaches have been considered so far in order to satisfy all of the diversities in patient needs, yet none of them have been fully implemented thus far. In this framework, various types of 2D printing technologies have been identified to offer some potential solutions for personalized medication, which development is increasing rapidly. Accurate drug-on-demand deposition, the possibility of consuming multiple drug substances in one product and adjusting individual drug concentration are just some of the few benefits over existing bulk pharmaceuticals manufacture, which printing technologies brings. With inclusion of nanotechnology by printing nanoparticles from its dispersions some further opportunities such as controlled and stimuli-responsive drug release or targeted and dose depending on drug delivery were highlighted. Yet, there are still some challenges to be solved before such products can reach the pharmaceutical market. In those terms mostly chemical, physical as well as microbiological stability concerns should be answered, with which 2D printing technology could meet the treatment needs of every individual and fulfill some existing drawbacks of large-scale batch production of pharmaceuticals we possess today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Sterle Zorec
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Elbl J, Veselý M, Blaháčková D, Ondruš J, Kulich P, Mašková E, Mašek J, Gajdziok J. Development of 3D Printed Multi-Layered Orodispersible Films with Porous Structure Applicable as a Substrate for Inkjet Printing. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020714. [PMID: 36840036 PMCID: PMC9961792 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The direct tailoring of the size, composition, or number of layers belongs to the advantages of 3D printing employment in producing orodispersible films (ODFs) compared to the frequently utilized solvent casting method. This study aimed to produce porous ODFs as a substrate for medicated ink deposited by a 2D printer. The innovative semi-solid extrusion 3D printing method was employed to produce multilayered ODFs, where the bottom layer assures the mechanical properties. In contrast, the top layer provides a porous structure for ink entrapment. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and polyvinyl alcohol were utilized as film-forming polymers, glycerol as a plasticizer, and sodium starch glycolate as a disintegrant in the bottom matrix. Several porogen agents (Aeroperl® 300, Fujisil®, Syloid® 244 FP, Syloid® XDP 3050, Neusilin® S2, Neusilin® US2, and Neusilin® UFL2) acted as porosity enhancers in the two types of top layer. ODFs with satisfactory disintegration time were prepared. The correlation between the porogen content and the mechanical properties was proved. A porous ODF structure was detected in most samples and linked to the porogen content. SSE 3D printing represents a promising preparation method for the production of porous ODFs as substrates for subsequent drug deposition by 2D printing, avoiding the difficulties arising in casting or printing medicated ODFs directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Elbl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Veselý
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Blaháčková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Ondruš
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kulich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Mašková
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Mašek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Gajdziok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
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Muhindo D, Elkanayati R, Srinivasan P, Repka MA, Ashour EA. Recent Advances in the Applications of Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing) in Drug Delivery: A Comprehensive Review. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:57. [PMID: 36759435 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02524-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been a tremendous increase in the investigations of three-dimensional (3D) printing for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, and drug delivery in particular, ever since the US FDA approved the first 3D printed medicine, SPRITAM® (levetiracetam) in 2015. Three-dimensional printing, also known as additive manufacturing, involves various manufacturing techniques like fused-deposition modeling, 3D inkjet, stereolithography, direct powder extrusion, and selective laser sintering, among other 3D printing techniques, which are based on the digitally controlled layer-by-layer deposition of materials to form various geometries of printlets. In contrast to conventional manufacturing methods, 3D printing technologies provide the unique and important opportunity for the fabrication of personalized dosage forms, which is an important aspect in addressing diverse patient medical needs. There is however the need to speed up the use of 3D printing in the biopharmaceutical industry and clinical settings, and this can be made possible through the integration of modern technologies like artificial intelligence, machine learning, and Internet of Things, into additive manufacturing. This will lead to less human involvement and expertise, independent, streamlined, and intelligent production of personalized medicines. Four-dimensional (4D) printing is another important additive manufacturing technique similar to 3D printing, but adds a 4th dimension defined as time, to the printing. This paper aims to give a detailed review of the applications and principles of operation of various 3D printing technologies in drug delivery, and the materials used in 3D printing, and highlight the challenges and opportunities of additive manufacturing, while introducing the concept of 4D printing and its pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derick Muhindo
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Rasha Elkanayati
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Priyanka Srinivasan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Michael A Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.,Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Eman A Ashour
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.
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Blynskaya EV, Tishkov SV, Alekseev KV, Vetcher AA, Marakhova AI, Rejepov DT. Polymers in Technologies of Additive and Inkjet Printing of Dosage Formulations. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:2543. [PMID: 35808591 PMCID: PMC9269197 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Technologies for obtaining dosage formulations (DF) for personalized therapy are currently being developed in the field of inkjet (2D) and 3D printing, which allows for the creation of DF using various methods, depending on the properties of pharmaceutical substances and the desired therapeutic effect. By combining these types of printing with smart polymers and special technological approaches, so-called 4D printed dosage formulations are obtained. This article discusses the main technological aspects and used excipients of a polymeric nature for obtaining 2D, 3D, 4D printed dosage formulations. Based on the literature data, the most widely used polymers, their properties, and application features are determined, and the technological characteristics of inkjet and additive 3D printing are shown. Conclusions are drawn about the key areas of development and the difficulties that arise in the search and implementation in the production of new materials and technologies for obtaining those dosage formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia V. Blynskaya
- V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, 8 Baltiyskaya St., 125315 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.B.); (S.V.T.); (K.V.A.)
- Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.M.); (D.T.R.)
| | - Sergey V. Tishkov
- V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, 8 Baltiyskaya St., 125315 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.B.); (S.V.T.); (K.V.A.)
| | - Konstantin V. Alekseev
- V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, 8 Baltiyskaya St., 125315 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.B.); (S.V.T.); (K.V.A.)
| | - Alexandre A. Vetcher
- Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.M.); (D.T.R.)
- Complementary and Integrative Health Clinic of Dr. Shishonin, 5 Yasnogorskaya St., 117588 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna I. Marakhova
- Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.M.); (D.T.R.)
| | - Dovlet T. Rejepov
- Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.M.); (D.T.R.)
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8
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Bácskay I, Ujhelyi Z, Fehér P, Arany P. The Evolution of the 3D-Printed Drug Delivery Systems: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071312. [PMID: 35890208 PMCID: PMC9318419 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the appearance of the 3D printing in the 1980s it has revolutionized many research fields including the pharmaceutical industry. The main goal is to manufacture complex, personalized products in a low-cost manufacturing process on-demand. In the last few decades, 3D printing has attracted the attention of numerous research groups for the manufacturing of different drug delivery systems. Since the 2015 approval of the first 3D-printed drug product, the number of publications has multiplied. In our review, we focused on summarizing the evolution of the produced drug delivery systems in the last 20 years and especially in the last 5 years. The drug delivery systems are sub-grouped into tablets, capsules, orodispersible films, implants, transdermal delivery systems, microneedles, vaginal drug delivery systems, and micro- and nanoscale dosage forms. Our classification may provide guidance for researchers to more easily examine the publications and to find further research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildikó Bácskay
- Healthcare Industry Institute, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Ujhelyi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Pálma Fehér
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Petra Arany
- Healthcare Industry Institute, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Stephen S, Gorain B, Choudhury H, Chatterjee B. Exploring the role of mesoporous silica nanoparticle in the development of novel drug delivery systems. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:105-123. [PMID: 33604837 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00935-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The biocompatible nature of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) attracted researchers' attention to deliver therapeutic agents in the treatment of various diseases, where their porous nature, high drug loading efficiency, and suitability to functionalize with a specific ligand of MSN helped to obtain the desired outcome. The application of MSN has been extended to deliver small chemicals to large-sized peptides or proteins to fight against complex diseases. Recently, formulation researches with MSN have been progressed for various non-conventional drug delivery systems, including liposome, microsphere, oro-dispersible film, 3D-printed formulation, and microneedle. Low bulk density, retaining mesoporous structure during downstream processing, and lack of sufficient in vivo studies are some of the important issues towards the success of mesoporous silica-based advanced drug delivery systems. The present review has aimed to evaluate the application of MSN in advanced drug delivery systems to critically analyze the role of MSN in the respective formulation over other functionalized polymers. Finally, an outlook on the future direction of MSN-based advanced drug delivery systems has been drawn against the existing challenges with this platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senitta Stephen
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, V.L Mehta Road, Vile Parle(W), Mumbai, India
| | - Bapi Gorain
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre for Drug Delivery and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hira Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil , 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Bioactive Molecules and Drug Delivery, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bappaditya Chatterjee
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, V.L Mehta Road, Vile Parle(W), Mumbai, India.
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Tam CH, Alexander M, Belton P, Qi S. Drop-on-demand printing of personalised orodispersible films fabricated by precision micro-dispensing. Int J Pharm 2021; 610:121279. [PMID: 34774697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Personalised orodispersible films (ODFs) manufactured at the point of care offer the possibility of adapting the dosing requirements for individual patients. Inkjet printing was extensively explored as a tool to produce personalised ODFs, but it is extensively limited to dispensing liquid with low viscosity and the interaction between ink and edible substrate complicates the fabrication process. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of using a micro-dispensing (MD) jet system capable of accurately dispensing viscous liquid to fabricate substrate-free ODFs on-demand. The model inks containing hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and paracetamol were used to prepare personalised ODFs by expanding the film area. Cast films were used as the control sample to benchmark the mechanical properties, disintegration time, and dosing accuracy of MD printed ODFs. Both the cast and printed films showed smooth surface morphology without any bubbles. No significant difference was found in the disintegration time of the MD printed films compared to the cast films. High precision in dosing by MD printing was achieved. The dose of paracetamol had a linear correlation with the dimension of the printed films (R2 = 0.995). The results provide clear evidence of the potential of MD printing to fabricate ODFs and the knowledge foundation of advancing MD printing to a point-of-care small-batch manufacturing technology of personalised ODFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chak Hin Tam
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Peter Belton
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Sheng Qi
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
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Stranzinger S, Wolfgang M, Klotz E, Scheibelhofer O, Ghiotti P, Khinast JG, Hsiao WK, Paudel A. Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging as a Monitoring Tool for On-Demand Manufacturing of Inkjet-Printed Formulations. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:211. [PMID: 34374899 PMCID: PMC8354920 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02091-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the potential use of near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) for quantitative determination of the drug amount in inkjet-printed dosage forms. We chose metformin hydrochloride as a model active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and printed it onto gelatin films using a piezoelectric inkjet printing system. An industry-ready NIR-HSI sensor combined with a motorized movable linear stage was applied for spectral acquisition. Initial API-substrate screening revealed best printing results for gelatin films with TiO2 filling. For calibration of the NIR-HSI system, escalating drug doses were printed on the substrate. After spectral pre-treatments, including standard normal variate (SNV) and Savitzky-Golay filtering for noise reduction and enhancement of spectral features, principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) regression were applied to create predictive models for the quantification of independent printed metformin hydrochloride samples. It could be shown that the concentration distribution maps provided by the developed HSI models were capable of clustering and predicting the drug dose in the formulations. HSI model prediction showed significant better correlation to the reference (HPLC) compared to on-board monitoring of dispensed volume of the printer. Overall, the results emphasize the capability of NIR-HSI as a fast and non-destructive method for the quantification and quality control of the deposited API in drug-printing applications.
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12
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Gupta MS, Kumar TP, Davidson R, Kuppu GR, Pathak K, Gowda DV. Printing Methods in the Production of Orodispersible Films. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:129. [PMID: 33835297 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-01990-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Orodispersible film (ODF) formulations are promising and progressive drug delivery systems that are widely accepted by subjects across all the age groups. They are traditionally fabricated using the most popular yet conventional method called solvent casting method. The most modern and evolving method is based on printing technologies and such printed products are generally termed as printed orodispersible films (POFs). This modern technology is well suited to fabricate ODFs across different settings (laboratory or industrial) in general and in a pharmacy setting in particular. The present review provides an overview of various printing methods employed in fabricating POFs. Particularly, it provides insight about preparing POFs using inkjet, flexographic, and three-dimensional printing (3DP) or additive manufacturing techniques like filament deposition modeling, hot-melt ram extrusion 3DP, and semisolid extrusion 3DP methods. Additionally, the review is focused on patenting trends in POFs using ESPACENET, a European Patent Office search database. Finally, the review captures future market potential of 3DP in general and ODFs market potential in particular.
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13
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Asiri A, Hofmanová J, Batchelor H. A review of in vitro and in vivo methods and their correlations to assess mouthfeel of solid oral dosage forms. Drug Discov Today 2020; 26:740-753. [PMID: 33359115 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This review analyses the relationship between instrumental and human data used to assess the mouthfeel of solid oral dosage forms to provide recommendations on the most appropriate methods to use in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Asiri
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK; Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, Albaha University, Alaqiq, 65779-77388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Justyna Hofmanová
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Hannah Batchelor
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
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14
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Azizi Machekposhti S, Movahed S, Narayan RJ. Physicochemical parameters that underlie inkjet printing for medical applications. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2020; 1:011301. [PMID: 38505627 PMCID: PMC10903396 DOI: 10.1063/5.0011924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
One of the most common types of 3D printing technologies is inkjet printing due to its numerous advantages, including low cost, programmability, high resolution, throughput, and speed. Inkjet printers are also capable of fabricating artificial tissues with physiological characteristics similar to those of living tissues. These artificial tissues are used for disease modeling, drug discovery, drug screening, and replacements for diseased or damaged tissues. This paper reviews recent advancements in one of the most common 3D printing technologies, inkjet dispensing. We briefly consider common printing techniques, including fused deposition modeling (FDM), stereolithography (STL), and inkjet printing. We briefly discuss various steps in inkjet printing, including droplet generation, droplet ejection, interaction of droplets on substrates, drying, and solidification. We also discuss various parameters that affect the printing process, including ink properties (e.g., viscosity and surface tension), physical parameters (e.g., internal diameter of printheads), and actuation mechanisms (e.g., piezoelectric actuation and thermal actuation). Through better understanding of common 3D printing technologies and the parameters that influence the printing processes, new types of artificial tissues, disease models, and structures for drug discovery and drug screening may be prepared. This review considers future directions in inkjet printing research that are focused on enhancing the resolution, printability, and uniformity of printed structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeid Movahed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina/North Carolina State University, Room 4130, 1845 Entrepreneur Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695–7115, USA
| | - Roger J. Narayan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina/North Carolina State University, Room 4130, 1845 Entrepreneur Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695–7115, USA
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15
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Moreira M, Sarraguça M. How can oral paediatric formulations be improved? A challenge for the XXI century. Int J Pharm 2020; 590:119905. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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Kiefer O, Breitkreutz J. Comparative investigations on key factors and print head designs for pharmaceutical inkjet printing. Int J Pharm 2020; 586:119561. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Govender R, Abrahmsén-Alami S, Larsson A, Folestad S. Therapy for the individual: Towards patient integration into the manufacturing and provision of pharmaceuticals. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 149:58-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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18
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Yan TT, Lv ZF, Tian P, Lin MM, Lin W, Huang SY, Chen YZ. Semi-solid extrusion 3D printing ODFs: an individual drug delivery system for small scale pharmacy. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 46:531-538. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1734018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Yan
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhu-Fen Lv
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pan Tian
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min-Mei Lin
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Yu Huang
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Zhong Chen
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Musazzi UM, Khalid GM, Selmin F, Minghetti P, Cilurzo F. Trends in the production methods of orodispersible films. Int J Pharm 2020; 576:118963. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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20
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Wickström H, Koppolu R, Mäkilä E, Toivakka M, Sandler N. Stencil Printing-A Novel Manufacturing Platform for Orodispersible Discs. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12010033. [PMID: 31906316 PMCID: PMC7023198 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Stencil printing is a commonly used printing method, but it has not previously been used for production of pharmaceuticals. The aim of this study was to explore whether stencil printing of drug containing polymer inks could be used to manufacture flexible dosage forms with acceptable mass and content uniformity. Formulation development was supported by physicochemical characterization of the inks and final dosage forms. The printing of haloperidol (HAL) discs was performed using a prototype stencil printer. Ink development comprised of investigations of ink rheology in combination with printability assessment. The results show that stencil printing can be used to manufacture HAL doses in the therapeutic treatment range for 6–17 year-old children. The therapeutic HAL dose was achieved for the discs consisting of 16% of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and 1% of lactic acid (LA). The formulation pH remained above pH 4 and the results imply that the drug was amorphous. Linear dose escalation was achieved by an increase in aperture area of the print pattern, while keeping the stencil thickness fixed. Disintegration times of the orodispersible discs printed with 250 and 500 µm thick stencils were below 30 s. In conclusion, stencil printing shows potential as a manufacturing method of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrika Wickström
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Rajesh Koppolu
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Porthaninkatu 3, 20500 Turku, Finland; (R.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Ermei Mäkilä
- Laboratory of Industrial Physics, University of Turku, Vesilinnantie 5, 20500 Turku, Finland;
| | - Martti Toivakka
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Porthaninkatu 3, 20500 Turku, Finland; (R.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Niklas Sandler
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland;
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21
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Ehtezazi T, Algellay M, Hardy A. Next Steps in 3D Printing of Fast Dissolving Oral Films for Commercial Production. RECENT PATENTS ON DRUG DELIVERY & FORMULATION 2019; 14:5-20. [PMID: 31886755 DOI: 10.2174/1872211314666191230115851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
3D printing technique has been utilised to develop novel and complex drug delivery systems that are almost impossible to produce by employing conventional formulation techniques. For example, this technique may be employed to produce tablets or Fast Dissolving oral Films (FDFs) with multilayers of active ingredients, which are personalised to patient's needs. In this article, we compared the production of FDFs by 3D printing to conventional methods such as solvent casting. Then, we evaluated the need for novel methods of producing fast dissolving oral films, and why 3D printing may be able to meet the shortfalls of FDF production. The challenges of producing 3D printed FDFs are identified at commercial scale by referring to the identification of suitable materials, hardware, qualitycontrol tests and Process Analytical Technology. In this paper, we discuss that the FDF market will grow to more than $1.3 billion per annum in the next few years and 3D printing of FDFs may share part of this market. Although companies are continuing to invest in technologies, which provide alternatives to standard drug delivery systems, the market for thin-film products is already well established. Market entry for a new technology such as 3D printing of FDFs will, therefore, be hard, unless, this technology proves to be a game changer. A few approaches are suggested in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touraj Ehtezazi
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Marwan Algellay
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Hardy
- Knowledge Exchange and Commercialisation, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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22
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Tian Y, Orlu M, Woerdenbag HJ, Scarpa M, Kiefer O, Kottke D, Sjöholm E, Öblom H, Sandler N, Hinrichs WLJ, Frijlink HW, Breitkreutz J, Visser JC. Oromucosal films: from patient centricity to production by printing techniques. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2019; 16:981-993. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2019.1652595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, AV, The Netherlands
| | - Mine Orlu
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, Bloomsbury, UK
| | - Herman J. Woerdenbag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, AV, The Netherlands
| | | | - Olga Kiefer
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dina Kottke
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Erica Sjöholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, FI, Finland
| | - Heidi Öblom
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, FI, Finland
| | - Niklas Sandler
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, FI, Finland
| | - Wouter L. J. Hinrichs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, AV, The Netherlands
| | - Henderik W. Frijlink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, AV, The Netherlands
| | - Jörg Breitkreutz
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - J. Carolina Visser
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, AV, The Netherlands
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23
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SOFTs - Structured orodispersible film templates. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 137:209-217. [PMID: 30836181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Orodispersible films (ODFs) have a high potential to accelerate the individualized medication. The films can be produced as drug-free templates and subsequently printed with an API (active pharmaceutical ingredient) solution or suspension according to the needs of the patient. While the printing technology already enables a precise dosing of fluids, there is still a high need of suitable, edible templates with elevated loading capacity. The structured orodispersible film templates (SOFTs) developed in this study should overcome this void. The SOFTs are pervaded with pores to realize a high API load into the film structure and possess a closed bottom side to prevent the printed fluids to pass through the film. They consist of a water-soluble cellulose derivative and are produced with the solvent casting method. This study focused on the influence of the formulation of the film casting mass on the film properties, like porosity and disintegration time due to changed pore sizes and numbers. Due to the porous film structure a mass load of up to 6.1 mg cm-2 could be realized already in SOFTs, but, higher loads are feasible. The mechanical film properties could further be improved by additional matrix material in the suspension formulation, also inhibiting particle agglomeration and aggregation during the drying process, and positively influencing the dissolution behavior of the applied nanoparticles. An application of a protection layer on top of the loaded SOFTs improves the handling safety by inhibiting contact to the API and it prevents a removal of the particles from the film surface.
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24
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Azizi Machekposhti S, Mohaved S, Narayan RJ. Inkjet dispensing technologies: recent advances for novel drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:101-113. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1567489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeid Mohaved
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Roger J. Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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25
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Edinger M, Jacobsen J, Bar-Shalom D, Rantanen J, Genina N. Analytical aspects of printed oral dosage forms. Int J Pharm 2018; 553:97-108. [PMID: 30316794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Printing technologies, both 2D and 3D, have gained considerable interest during the last years for manufacturing of personalized dosage forms, tailored to each patient. Here we review the research work on 2D printing techniques, mainly inkjet printing, for manufacturing of film-based oral dosage forms. We describe the different printing techniques and give an overview of film-based oral dosage forms produced using them. The main part of the review focuses on the non-destructive analytical methods used for evaluation of qualitative aspects of printed dosage forms, e.g., solid-state properties, as well as for quantification of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in the printed dosage forms, with an emphasis on spectroscopic methods. Finally, the authors share their view on the future of printed dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Edinger
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Jette Jacobsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Daniel Bar-Shalom
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Jukka Rantanen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Natalja Genina
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Denmark.
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26
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Wimmer-Teubenbacher M, Planchette C, Pichler H, Markl D, Hsiao W, Paudel A, Stegemann S. Pharmaceutical-grade oral films as substrates for printed medicine. Int J Pharm 2018; 547:169-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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27
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Alomari M, Vuddanda PR, Trenfield SJ, Dodoo CC, Velaga S, Basit AW, Gaisford S. Printing T 3 and T 4 oral drug combinations as a novel strategy for hypothyroidism. Int J Pharm 2018; 549:363-369. [PMID: 30063938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Hypothyroidism is a chronic and debilitating disease that is estimated to affect 3% of the general population. Clinical experience has highlighted the synergistic value of combining triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) for persistent or recurrent symptoms. However, thus far a platform that enables the simultaneous and independent dosing of more than one drug for oral administration has not been developed. Thermal inkjet (TIJ) 2D printing is a potential solution to enable the dual deposition of T3 and T4 onto orodispersible films (ODFs) for therapy personalisation. In this study, a two-cartridge TIJ printer was modified such that it could print separate solutions of T3 and T4. Dose adjustments were achieved by printing solutions adjacent to each other, enabling therapeutic T3 (15-50 μg) and T4 dosages (60-180 μg) to be successfully printed. Excellent linearity was observed between the theoretical and measured dose for both T3 and T4 (R2 = 0.982 and 0.985, respectively) by changing the length of the print objective (Y-value). Rapid disintegration of the ODFs was achieved (<45 s). As such, this study for the first time demonstrates the ability to produce personalised dose combinations by TIJ printing T3 and T4 onto the same substrate for oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Alomari
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Parameswara R Vuddanda
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; Pharmaceutical and Biomaterial Research Group, Division of Medical Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå 97187, Sweden
| | - Sarah J Trenfield
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Cornelius C Dodoo
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Sitaram Velaga
- Pharmaceutical and Biomaterial Research Group, Division of Medical Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå 97187, Sweden
| | - Abdul W Basit
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
| | - Simon Gaisford
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Malik
- Nano Surface Texturing Lab, Department of Materials Engineering, DIAT(DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune, India
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29
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Instant ODFs – Development of an intermediate, nanoparticle-based product platform for individualized medication. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 126:149-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Teubl BJ, Stojkovic B, Docter D, Pritz E, Leitinger G, Poberaj I, Prassl R, Stauber RH, Fröhlich E, Khinast JG, Roblegg E. The effect of saliva on the fate of nanoparticles. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 22:929-940. [PMID: 28691145 PMCID: PMC5820401 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2172-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The design of nanocarriers for local drug administration to the lining mucosa requires a sound knowledge of how nanoparticles (NPs) interact with saliva. This contact determines whether NPs agglomerate and become immobile due to size- and interaction-filtering effects or adsorb on the cell surface and are internalized by epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to examine the behavior of NPs in saliva considering physicochemical NP properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS The salivary pore-size distribution was determined, and the viscosity of the fluid inside of the pores was studied with optical tweezers. Distinct functionalized NPs (20 and 200 nm) were dispersed in saliva and salivary buffers and characterized, and surface-bound MUC5B and MUC7 were analyzed by 1D electrophoresis and immunoblotting. NP mobility was recorded, and cellular uptake studies were performed with TR146 cells. RESULTS The mode diameter of the salivary mesh pores is 0.7 μm with a peak width of 1.9 μm, and pores are filled with a low-viscosity fluid. The physicochemical properties of the NPs affected the colloidal stability and mobility: compared with non-functionalized particles, which did not agglomerate and showed a cellular uptake rate of 2.8%, functionalized particles were immobilized, which was correlated with agglomeration and increased binding to mucins. CONCLUSION The present study showed that the salivary microstructure facilitates NP adsorption. However, NP size and surface functionalization determine the colloidal stability and cellular interactions. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The sound knowledge of NP interactions with saliva enables the improvement of current treatment strategies for inflammatory oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit J Teubl
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Biljana Stojkovic
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dominic Docter
- Department of Nanobiomedicine, Mainz University Medical Center, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Pritz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Research Unit Electron Microscopic Techniques, Medical University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerd Leitinger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Research Unit Electron Microscopic Techniques, Medical University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Igor Poberaj
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ruth Prassl
- BioTechMed, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Roland H Stauber
- Department of Nanobiomedicine, Mainz University Medical Center, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eleonore Fröhlich
- BioTechMed, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes G Khinast
- BioTechMed, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Roblegg
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010, Graz, Austria.
- BioTechMed, 8010, Graz, Austria.
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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31
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Kollamaram G, Hopkins SC, Glowacki BA, Croker DM, Walker GM. Inkjet printing of paracetamol and indomethacin using electromagnetic technology: Rheological compatibility and polymorphic selectivity. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 115:248-257. [PMID: 29366961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Drop-on-demand inkjet printing is a potential enabling technology both for continuous manufacturing of pharmaceuticals and for personalized medicine, but its use is often restricted to low-viscosity solutions and nano-suspensions. In the present study, a robust electromagnetic (valvejet) inkjet technology has been successfully applied to deposit prototype dosage forms from solutions with a wide range of viscosities, and from suspensions with particle sizes exceeding 2 μm. A detailed solid-state study of paracetamol, printed from a solution ink on hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), revealed that the morphology of the substrate and its chemical interactions can have a considerable influence on polymorphic selectivity. Paracetamol ink crystallized exclusively into form II when printed on a smooth polyethylene terephthalate substrate, and exclusively into form I when in sufficient proximity to the rough surface of the HPMC substrate to be influenced by confinement in pores and chemical interactions. The relative standard deviation in the strength of the dosage forms was <4% in all cases, for doses as low as 0.8 mg, demonstrating the accuracy and reproducibility associated with electromagnetic inkjet technology. Good adhesion of indomethacin on HPMC was achieved using a suspension ink with hydroxypropyl cellulose, but not on an alternative polyethylene terephthalate substrate, emphasising the need to tailor the binder to the substrate. Future work will focus on lower-dose drugs, for which dosing flexibility and fixed dose combinations are of particular interest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon C Hopkins
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bartek A Glowacki
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Institute of Power Engineering, ul Augustówka 6, 02-981 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Gavin M Walker
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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32
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QR encoded smart oral dosage forms by inkjet printing. Int J Pharm 2018; 536:138-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Bonhoeffer B, Kwade A, Juhnke M. Alternative Manufacturing Concepts for Solid Oral Dosage Forms From Drug Nanosuspensions Using Fluid Dispensing and Forced Drying Technology. J Pharm Sci 2017; 107:909-921. [PMID: 29154900 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Flexible manufacturing technologies for solid oral dosage forms with a continuous adjustability of the manufactured dose strength are of interest for applications in personalized medicine. This study explored the feasibility of using microvalve technology for the manufacturing of different solid oral dosage form concepts. Hard gelatin capsules filled with excipients, placebo tablets, and polymer films, placed in hard gelatin capsules after drying, were considered as substrates. For each concept, a basic understanding of relevant formulation parameters and their impact on dissolution behavior has been established. Suitable matrix formers, present either on the substrate or directly in the drug nanosuspension, proved to be essential to prevent nanoparticle agglomeration of the drug nanoparticles and to ensure a fast dissolution behavior. Furthermore, convection and radiation drying methods were investigated for the fast drying of drug nanosuspensions dispensed onto polymer films, which were then placed in hard gelatin capsules. Changes in morphology and in drug and matrix former distribution were observed for increasing drying intensity. However, even fast drying times below 1 min could be realized, while maintaining the nanoparticulate drug structure and a good dissolution behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Bonhoeffer
- Novartis Pharma AG, Technical R&D, P.O. Box, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arno Kwade
- Institute for Particle Technology, TU Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Juhnke
- Novartis Pharma AG, Technical R&D, P.O. Box, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland.
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Inkjet Printing of Drug-Loaded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles-A Platform for Drug Development. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22112020. [PMID: 29160839 PMCID: PMC6150386 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22112020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have shown great potential in improving drug delivery of poorly water soluble (BCS class II, IV) and poorly permeable (BCS class III, IV) drugs, as well as facilitating successful delivery of unstable compounds. The nanoparticle technology would allow improved treatment by reducing adverse reactions of currently approved drugs and possibly reintroducing previously discarded compounds from the drug development pipeline. This study aims to highlight important aspects in mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) ink formulation development for digital inkjet printing technology and to advice on choosing a method (2D/3D) for nanoparticle print deposit characterization. The results show that both unfunctionalized and polyethyeleneimine (PEI) surface functionalized MSNs, as well as drug-free and drug-loaded MSN-PEI suspensions, can be successfully inkjet-printed. Furthermore, the model BCS class IV drug remained incorporated in the MSNs and the suspension remained physically stable during the processing time and steps. This proof-of-concept study suggests that inkjet printing technology would be a flexible deposition method of pharmaceutical MSN suspensions to generate patterns according to predefined designs. The concept could be utilized as a versatile drug screening platform in the future due to the possibility of accurately depositing controlled volumes of MSN suspensions on various materials.
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35
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FDM 3D printing of modified drug-delivery systems using hot melt extrusion: a new approach for individualized therapy. Ther Deliv 2017; 8:957-966. [DOI: 10.4155/tde-2017-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The production process of 3D-printed drugs offers unique advantages such as the possibility of individualizing the drug therapy and easily associating different drugs and release technologies in the same pharmaceutical unit. Fused deposition modeling, a 3D printing technique, seems especially interesting for pharmaceutical applications, due to its low cost, precise and reproducible control of the printed structures, and versatility for industrial and laboratory scale. This technique combined with another technology already adapted for the pharmaceutical industry, the hot melt extrusion, is able to incorporate various mechanisms of modified drug release. This special report aims to bring together data of the experimental progress achieved using the fused deposition modeling 3D printing combined with hot melt extrusion technique and its potential in drug delivery. [Formula: see text]
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Laitinen R, Löbmann K, Grohganz H, Priemel P, Strachan CJ, Rades T. Supersaturating drug delivery systems: The potential of co-amorphous drug formulations. Int J Pharm 2017; 532:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.08.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Schrode B, Bodak B, Riegler H, Zimmer A, Christian P, Werzer O. Solvent Vapor Annealing of Amorphous Carbamazepine Films for Fast Polymorph Screening and Dissolution Alteration. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:5582-5590. [PMID: 28983522 PMCID: PMC5623942 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Solubility enhancement and thus higher bioavailability are of great importance and a constant challenge in pharmaceutical research whereby polymorph screening and selection is one of the most important tasks. A very promising approach for polymorph screening is solvent vapor annealing where a sample is exposed to an atmosphere saturated with molecules of a specific chemical/solvent. In this work, amorphous carbamazepine thin films were prepared by spin coating, and the transformation into crystalline forms under exposure to solvent vapors was investigated. Employing grazing incidence X-ray diffraction, four distinct carbamazepine polymorphs, a solvate, and hydrates could be identified, while optical microscopy showed mainly spherulitic morphologies. In vitro dissolution experiments revealed different carbamazepine release from the various thin-film samples containing distinct polymorphic compositions: heat treatment of amorphous samples at 80 °C results in an immediate release; samples exposed to EtOH vapors show a drug release about 5 times slower than this immediate one; and all the others had intermediate release profiles. Noteworthy, even the sample of slowest release has a manifold faster release compared to a standard powder sample demonstrating the capabilities of thin-film preparation for faster drug release in general. Despite the small number of samples in this screening experiment, the results clearly show how solvent vapor annealing can assist in identifying potential polymorphs and allows for estimating their impact on properties like bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Schrode
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NAWI Graz, Department of Pharmaceutical
Technology, University Graz, Universtitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute
for Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Brigitta Bodak
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NAWI Graz, Department of Pharmaceutical
Technology, University Graz, Universtitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Hans Riegler
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NAWI Graz, Department of Pharmaceutical
Technology, University Graz, Universtitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NAWI Graz, Department of Pharmaceutical
Technology, University Graz, Universtitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Paul Christian
- Institute
for Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Oliver Werzer
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NAWI Graz, Department of Pharmaceutical
Technology, University Graz, Universtitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Tetyczka C, Griesbacher M, Absenger-Novak M, Fröhlich E, Roblegg E. Development of nanostructured lipid carriers for intraoral delivery of Domperidone. Int J Pharm 2017; 526:188-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Application of a handheld NIR spectrometer in prediction of drug content in inkjet printed orodispersible formulations containing prednisolone and levothyroxine. Int J Pharm 2017; 524:414-423. [PMID: 28396245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Quality control tools to assess the quality of printable orodispersible formulations are yet to be defined. Four different orodispersible dosage forms containing two poorly soluble drugs, levothyroxine and prednisolone, were produced on two different edible substrates by piezoelectric inkjet printing. Square shaped units of 4cm2 were printed in different resolutions to achieve an escalating drug dose by highly accurate and uniform displacement of droplets in picoliter range from the printhead onto the substrates. In addition, the stability of drug inks in a course of 24h as well as the mechanical properties and disintegration behavior of the printed units were examined. A compact handheld near-infrared (NIR) spectral device in the range of 1550-1950nm was used for quantitative estimation of the drug amount in printed formulations. The spectral data was treated with mean centering, Savitzky-Golay filtering and a third derivative approach. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) regression were applied to build predictive models for quality control of the printed dosage forms. The accurate tuning of the dose in each formulation was confirmed by UV spectrophotometry for prednisolone (0.43-1.95mg with R2=0.999) and high performance liquid chromatography for levothyroxine (0.15-0.86mg with R2=0.997). It was verified that the models were capable of clustering and predicting the drug dose in the formulations with both Q2 and R2Y values between 0.94-0.99.
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40
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Scarpa M, Stegemann S, Hsiao WK, Pichler H, Gaisford S, Bresciani M, Paudel A, Orlu M. Orodispersible films: Towards drug delivery in special populations. Int J Pharm 2017; 523:327-335. [PMID: 28302515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Orodispersible films (ODF) hold promise as a novel delivery method, with the potential to deliver tailored therapies to different patient populations. This article reviews the current strides of ODF technology and some of its unmet quality and manufacturing aspects. A topic highlights opportunities and limitations of inkjet printed ODF as a population-specific drug delivery. Overall, this article aims to stimulate further research to fill the current knowledge gap between manufacturing and administration requirements of ODF targeting specific patient subpopulations such as geriatrics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wen-Kai Hsiao
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria
| | - Heinz Pichler
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria
| | - Simon Gaisford
- School of Pharmacy, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Amrit Paudel
- Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria; Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria.
| | - Mine Orlu
- School of Pharmacy, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
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41
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Visualization and Non-Destructive Quantification of Inkjet-Printed Pharmaceuticals on Different Substrates Using Raman Spectroscopy and Raman Chemical Imaging. Pharm Res 2017; 34:1023-1036. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2126-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Palo M, Kogermann K, Laidmäe I, Meos A, Preis M, Heinämäki J, Sandler N. Development of Oromucosal Dosage Forms by Combining Electrospinning and Inkjet Printing. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:808-820. [PMID: 28195483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b01054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Printing technology has been shown to enable flexible fabrication of solid dosage forms for personalized drug therapy. Several methods can be applied for tailoring the properties of the printed pharmaceuticals. In this study, the use of electrospun fibrous substrates in the fabrication of inkjet-printed dosage forms was investigated. A single-drug formulation with lidocaine hydrochloride (LH) and a combination drug system containing LH and piroxicam (PRX) for oromucosal administration were prepared. The LH was deposited on the electrospun and cross-linked gelatin substrates by inkjet printing, whereas PRX was incorporated within the substrate fibers during electrospinning. The solid state analysis of the electrospun substrates showed that PRX was in an amorphous state within the fibers. Furthermore, the results indicated the entrapment and solidification of the dissolved LH within the fibrous gelatin matrix. The printed drug amount (2-3 mg) was in good correlation with the theoretical dose calculated based on the printing parameters. However, a noticeable degradation of the printed LH was detected after a few months. An immediate release (over 85% drug release after 8 min) of both drugs from the printed dosage forms was observed. In conclusion, the prepared electrospun gelatin scaffolds were shown to be suitable substrates for inkjet printing of oromucosal formulations. The combination of electrospinning and inkjet printing allowed the preparation of a dual drug system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirja Palo
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu , Nooruse 1, EE-50411 Tartu, Estonia.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University , Tykistökatu 6A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Karin Kogermann
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu , Nooruse 1, EE-50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ivo Laidmäe
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu , Nooruse 1, EE-50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andres Meos
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu , Nooruse 1, EE-50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maren Preis
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University , Tykistökatu 6A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jyrki Heinämäki
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu , Nooruse 1, EE-50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Niklas Sandler
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University , Tykistökatu 6A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
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Bonhoeffer B, Kwade A, Juhnke M. Impact of Formulation Properties and Process Parameters on the Dispensing and Depositioning of Drug Nanosuspensions Using Micro-Valve Technology. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:1102-1110. [PMID: 28062204 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Flexible manufacturing processes with continuously adjustable dose strengths are considered particularly innovative and interesting for applications in personalized medicine, continuous manufacturing, or early drug development. A piezo-actuated micro-valve has been investigated for the dispensing and depositioning of drug nanosuspensions onto substrates to facilitate the manufacturing of solid oral dosage forms. The investigated micro-valve has been characterized regarding dispensing behavior, mass flow, accuracy, and robustness. The amount of dispensed drug compound during 1 dispensing event could be continuously adjusted from a few micrograms to several milligrams with high accuracy. Fluid properties, dispensing parameters of the micro-valve, and the resulting steady state mass flow could be correlated adequately for low-viscous drug nanosuspensions. High-speed imaging was used to investigate the dispensing behavior of the micro-valve regarding the evolution of the dispensed drug nanosuspension after ejection from the nozzle and the behavior during impact on flat and dry solid substrates. The experimentally determined breakup length of the dispensed liquid jet could be correlated with a semiempirical equation. From image sequences of the jet impact, We-Re phase diagrams could be established, providing a profound understanding and systematic guidance for the controlled depositioning of the entire dispensed drug nanosuspension onto the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arno Kwade
- Institute for Particle Technology, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
| | - Michael Juhnke
- Novartis Pharma AG, Technical R&D, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland.
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45
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Lind J, Kälvemark Sporrong S, Kaae S, Rantanen J, Genina N. Social aspects in additive manufacturing of pharmaceutical products. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 14:927-936. [PMID: 27892721 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2017.1266336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques, such as drug printing, represent a new engineering approach that can implement the concept of personalized medicine via on-demand manufacturing of dosage forms with individually adjusted doses. Implementation of AM principles, such as pharmacoprinting, will challenge the entire drug distribution chain and affect the society at different levels. Areas covered: This work summarizes the concept of personalized medicine and gives an overview of possibilities for monitoring patients' health. The most recent activities in the field of printing technologies for fabrication of dosage forms and 'polypills' with flexible doses and tailored release profiles are reviewed. Different scenarios for the drug distribution chain with the required adjustments in drug logistics, quality systems and environmental safety are discussed, as well as whether AM will be used for production of on-demand medicine. The impact of such changes in the distribution chain on regulation, healthcare professionals and patients are highlighted. Expert opinion: Drug manufacturing by traditional methods is well-established, but it lacks the possibility for on-demand personalized drug production. With the recent approval of the first printed medicine, society should be prepared for the changes that will follow the introduction of printed pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Lind
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | | | - Susanne Kaae
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Jukka Rantanen
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Natalja Genina
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
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46
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Scoutaris N, Ross S, Douroumis D. Current Trends on Medical and Pharmaceutical Applications of Inkjet Printing Technology. Pharm Res 2016; 33:1799-816. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-1931-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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