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Kropp C, Tambosco K, Chadi S, Langella P, Claus SP, Martin R. Christensenella minuta protects and restores intestinal barrier in a colitis mouse model by regulating inflammation. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2024; 10:88. [PMID: 39294159 PMCID: PMC11411060 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00540-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Christensenella minuta DSM 22607 has recently been suggested as a potential microbiome-based therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) because it displays strong anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we aimed to decipher the mechanism(s) underlying the DSM 22607-mediated beneficial effects on the host in a mouse model of chemically induced acute colitis. We observed that C. minuta plays a key role in the preservation of the epithelial barrier and the management of DNBS-induced inflammation by inhibiting interleukin (IL)-33 and Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 8 (Tnfrsf8) gene expression. We also showed that DSM 22607 abundance was positively correlated with Akkermansia sp. and Dubosiella sp. and modulated microbial metabolites in the cecum. These results offer new insights into the biological and molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of C. minuta DSM 22607 by protecting the intestinal barrier integrity and regulating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Kropp
- Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 68350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- YSOPIA Bioscience, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Kevin Tambosco
- Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 68350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sead Chadi
- Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 68350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Philippe Langella
- Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 68350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Rebeca Martin
- Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 68350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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2
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Dalle Vedove E, Benvenga A, Nicolai G, Massimini M, Giordano MV, Di Pierro F, Bachetti B. Antibiotic-induced dysbiosis in the SCIME™ recapitulates microbial community diversity and metabolites modulation of in vivo disease. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1455839. [PMID: 39328913 PMCID: PMC11424444 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1455839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Establishing the context Intestinal dysbiosis is a significant concern among dog owners, and the gut health of pets is an emerging research field. In this context, the Simulator of the Canine Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SCIME™) was recently developed and validated with in vivo data. Stating the purpose/introducing the study The current study presents a further application of this model by using amoxicillin and clavulanic acid to induce dysbiosis, aiming to provoke changes in microbial community and metabolite production, which are well-known markers of the disease in vivo. Describing methodology Following the induction of dysbiosis, prebiotic supplementation was tested to investigate the potential for microbiota recovery under different dietary conditions. Presenting the results The results showed that antibiotic stimulation in the SCIME™ model can produce significant changes in microbial communities and metabolic activity, including a decrease in microbial richness, a reduction in propionic acid production, and alterations in microbial composition. Additionally, changes in ammonium and butyric acid levels induced by the tested diets were observed. Discussing the findings This alteration in microbial community and metabolites production mimicks in vivo canine dysbiosis patterns. A novel dynamic in vitro model simulating canine antibiotic-induced dysbiosis, capable of reproducing microbial and metabolic changes observed in vivo, has been developed and is suitable for testing the effects of nutritional changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Di Pierro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Scientific and Research Department, Velleja Research, Milan, Italy
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Marcobal AM, McConnell BR, Drexler RA, Ng KM, Maldonado-Gomez MX, Conner AMS, Vierra CG, Krishnakumar N, Gerber HM, Garcia JKA, Cerney JP, Amicucci MJ. Highly Soluble β-Glucan Fiber Modulates Mechanisms of Blood Glucose Regulation and Intestinal Permeability. Nutrients 2024; 16:2240. [PMID: 39064683 PMCID: PMC11279855 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
β-glucans found in cereal grains have been previously demonstrated to improve blood glucose control; however, current understanding points to their high viscosity as the primary mechanism of action. In this work, we present a novel, highly soluble, low-viscosity β-glucan fiber (HS-BG fiber) and a preclinical dataset that demonstrates its impact on two mechanisms related to the prevention of hyperglycemia. Our results show that HS-BG inhibits the activity of two key proteins involved in glucose metabolism, the α-glucosidase enzyme and the SGLT1 transporter, thereby having the potential to slow starch digestion and subsequent glucose uptake. Furthermore, we demonstrate in a multi-donor fecal fermentation model that HS-BG is metabolized by several different members of the gut microbiome, producing high amounts of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), known agonists of GPR43 receptors in the gut related to GLP-1 secretion. The production of SCFAs was verified in the translational gut model, SHIME®. Moreover, HS-BG fiber fermentation produces compounds that restored permeability in disrupted epithelial cells, decreased inflammatory chemokines (CXCL10, MCP-1, and IL-8), and increased anti-inflammatory marker (IL-10), which could improve insulin resistance. Together, these data suggest that the novel HS-BG fiber is a promising new functional ingredient that can be used to modulate postprandial glycemic responses while the high solubility and low viscosity enable easy formulation in both beverage and solid food matrices.
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McCoubrey LE, Ferraro F, Seegobin N, Verin J, Alfassam HA, Awad A, Marzorati M, Verstrepen L, Ghyselinck J, De Munck J, De Medts J, Steppe E, De Vleeschhauwer V, De Rocker G, Droesbeke A, De Rijck M, Vanthoor S, Moens F, Siepmann J, Siepmann F, Gaisford S, Orlu M, Basit AW. Poly(D,l-lactide-co-glycolide) particles are metabolised by the gut microbiome and elevate short chain fatty acids. J Control Release 2024; 369:163-178. [PMID: 38521168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by the colonic microbiome has numerous benefits for human health, including maintenance of epithelial barrier function, suppression of colitis, and protection against carcinogenesis. Despite the therapeutic potential, there is currently no optimal approach for elevating the colonic microbiome's synthesis of SCFAs. In this study, poly(D,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) was investigated for this application, as it was hypothesised that the colonic microbiota would metabolise PLGA to its lactate monomers, which would promote the resident microbiota's synthesis of SCFAs. Two grades of spray dried PLGA, alongside a lactate bolus control, were screened in an advanced model of the human colon, known as the M-SHIME® system. Whilst the high molecular weight (Mw) grade of PLGA was stable in the presence of the microbiota sourced from three healthy humans, the low Mw PLGA (PLGA 2) was found to be metabolised. This microbial degradation led to sustained release of lactate over 48 h and increased concentrations of the SCFAs propionate and butyrate. Further, microbial synthesis of harmful ammonium was significantly reduced compared to untreated controls. Interestingly, both types of PLGA were found to influence the composition of the luminal and mucosal microbiota in a donor-specific manner. An in vitro model of an inflamed colonic epithelium also showed the polymer to affect the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory markers, such as interleukins 8 and 10. The findings of this study reveal PLGA's sensitivity to enzymatic metabolism in the gut, which could be harnessed for therapeutic elevation of colonic SCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E McCoubrey
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Fabiana Ferraro
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nidhi Seegobin
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Jérémy Verin
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Haya A Alfassam
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom; Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), 114422 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atheer Awad
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Evi Steppe
- ProDigest BVB, Technologiepark 73, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Sara Vanthoor
- ProDigest BVB, Technologiepark 73, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Simon Gaisford
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Mine Orlu
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Abdul W Basit
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom.
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5
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McCoubrey LE, Seegobin N, Sangfuang N, Moens F, Duyvejonck H, Declerck E, Dierick A, Marzorati M, Basit AW. The colon targeting efficacies of mesalazine medications and their impacts on the gut microbiome. J Control Release 2024; 369:630-641. [PMID: 38599548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Successful treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) is highly dependent on several parameters, including dosing regimen and the ability to deliver drugs to the disease site. In this study two strategies for delivering mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid, 5-ASA) to the colon were compared in an advanced in vitro model of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the SHIME® system. Herein, a prodrug strategy employing bacteria-mediated drug release (sulfasalazine, Azulfidine®) was evaluated alongside a formulation strategy that utilised pH and bacteria-mediated release (5-ASA, Octasa® 1600 mg). SHIME® experiments were performed simulating both the GI physiology and colonic microbiota under healthy and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) conditions, to study the impact of the disease state and ileal pH variability on colonic 5-ASA delivery. In addition, the effects of the products on the colonic microbiome were investigated by monitoring bacterial growth and metabolites. Results demonstrated that both the prodrug and formulation approaches resulted in a similar percentage of 5-ASA recovery under healthy conditions. On the contrary, during experiments simulating the GI physiology and microbiome of IBD patients (the target population) the formulation strategy resulted in a higher proportion of 5-ASA delivery to the colonic region as compared to the prodrug approach (P < 0.0001). Interestingly, the two products had distinct effects on the synthesis of key bacterial metabolites, such as lactate and short chain fatty acids, which varied according to disease state and ileal pH variability. Further, both 5-ASA and sulfasalazine significantly reduced the growth of the faecal microbiota sourced from six healthy humans. The findings support that the approach selected for colonic drug delivery could significantly influence the effectiveness of UC treatment, and highlight that drugs licensed for UC may differentially impact the growth and functioning of the colonic microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nidhi Seegobin
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | | | - Frédéric Moens
- ProDigest BV, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hans Duyvejonck
- ProDigest BV, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eline Declerck
- ProDigest BV, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arno Dierick
- ProDigest BV, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Massimo Marzorati
- ProDigest BV, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; CMET (University of Ghent), Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Abdul W Basit
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
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Huang D, Wang Y, Xu C, Zou M, Ming Y, Luo F, Xu Z, Miao Y, Wang N, Lin Z, Weng Z. Colon-targeted hydroxyethyl starch-curcumin microspheres with high loading capacity ameliorate ulcerative colitis via alleviating oxidative stress, regulating inflammation, and modulating gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131107. [PMID: 38527677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Curcumin (CUR) is a natural polyphenol that holds promise for treating ulcerative colitis (UC), yet oral administration of CUR exhibits limited bioavailability and existing formulations for oral delivery of CUR often suffer from unsatisfactory loading capacity. This study presents hydroxyethyl starch-curcumin microspheres (HC-MSs) with excellent CUR loading capacity (54.52 %), and the HC-MSs can further encapsulate anti-inflammatory drugs dexamethasone (DEX) to obtain a combination formulation (DHC-MSs) with high DEX loading capacity (19.91 %), for combination therapy of UC. The microspheres were successfully engineered, retaining the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of parental CUR and demonstrating excellent biocompatibility and controlled release properties, notably triggered by α-amylase, facilitating targeted drug delivery to inflamed sites. In a mouse UC model induced by dextran sulfate sodium, the microspheres effectively accumulated in inflamed colons and both HC-MSs and DHC-MSs exhibited superior therapeutic efficacy in alleviating UC symptoms compared to free DEX. Moreover, mechanistic exploration uncovered the multifaceted therapeutic mechanisms of these formulations, encompassing anti-inflammatory actions, mitigation of spleen enlargement, and modulation of gut microbiota composition. These findings underscore the potential of HC-MSs and DHC-MSs as promising formulations for UC, with implications for advancing treatment modalities for various inflammatory bowel disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Huang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Yongming Wang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Chenlan Xu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Minglang Zou
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Yangcan Ming
- Department of Pediatrics, Wuhan NO.1 Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Fang Luo
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Zhenjin Xu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Ying Miao
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Wuhan NO.1 Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China.
| | - Zhenyu Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Zuquan Weng
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China.
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7
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Williams LM, Cao S. Harnessing and delivering microbial metabolites as therapeutics via advanced pharmaceutical approaches. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 256:108605. [PMID: 38367866 PMCID: PMC10985132 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Microbial metabolites have emerged as key players in the interplay between diet, the gut microbiome, and host health. Two major classes, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and tryptophan (Trp) metabolites, are recognized to regulate inflammatory, immune, and metabolic responses within the host. Given that many human diseases are associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and consequent reductions in microbial metabolite production, the administration of these metabolites represents a direct, multi-targeted treatment. While a multitude of preclinical studies showcase the therapeutic potential of both SCFAs and Trp metabolites, they often rely on high doses and frequent dosing regimens to achieve systemic effects, thereby constraining their clinical applicability. To address these limitations, a variety of pharmaceutical formulations approaches that enable targeted, delayed, and/or sustained microbial metabolite delivery have been developed. These approaches, including enteric encapsulations, esterification to dietary fiber, prodrugs, and nanoformulations, pave the way for the next generation of microbial metabolite-based therapeutics. In this review, we first provide an overview of the roles of microbial metabolites in maintaining host homeostasis and outline how compromised metabolite production contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory, metabolic, autoimmune, allergic, infectious, and cancerous diseases. Additionally, we explore the therapeutic potential of metabolites in these disease contexts. Then, we provide a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the pharmaceutical strategies that have been employed to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of microbial metabolites, with a focus on SCFAs and Trp metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey M Williams
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Shijie Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
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Ugras S, Fidan A, Yoldas PA. Probiotic potential and wound-healing activity of Pediococcus pentosaceus strain AF2 isolated from Herniaria glabra L. which is traditionally used to make yogurt. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:115. [PMID: 38383810 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03831-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Probiotics have been a part of our lives for centuries, primarily through fermented foods. They find applications in various fields such as food, healthcare, and agriculture. Nowadays, their utilization is expanding, highlighting the importance of discovering new bacterial strains with probiotic properties suitable for diverse applications. In this study, our aim was to isolate new probiotic bacteria. Herniaria glabra L., a plant traditionally used for yogurt making in some regions and recognized in official medicine in many countries, was chosen as the source for obtaining probiotic bacteria. We conducted bacterial isolation from the plant, molecularly identified the isolated bacteria using 16S rRNA sequencing, characterized their probiotic properties, and assessed their wound-healing effects. As a result of these studies, we identified the bacterium isolated from the plant as Pediococcus pentosaceus strain AF2. We found that the strain AF2 exhibited high resistance to conditions within the gastrointestinal tract. Our reliability analysis showed that the isolate had γ-hemolytic activity and displayed sensitivity to certain tested antibiotics. At the same time, AF2 did not show gelatinase and DNase activity. We observed that the strain AF2 produced metabolites with inhibitory activity against E. coli, B. subtilis, P. vulgaris, S. typhimurium, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, and Y. pseudotuberculosis. The auto-aggregation value of the strain AF2 was calculated at 73.44%. Coaggregation values against E. coli and L. monocytogenes bacteria were determined to be 56.8% and 57.38%, respectively. Finally, we tested the wound-healing effect of the strain AF2 with cell culture studies and found that the strain AF2 promoted wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serpil Ugras
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Science, Duzce University, Duzce, 81620, Türkiye.
| | - Aysenur Fidan
- Department of Biology, Graduate School, Duzce University, Duzce, 81620, Türkiye
| | - Pinar Agyar Yoldas
- Duzce University, Traditional and Complementary Medicine Applied and Research Center, Duzce, Türkiye
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Goya-Jorge E, Gonza I, Douny C, Scippo ML, Delcenserie V. M-Batches to Simulate Luminal and Mucosal Human Gut Microbial Ecosystems: A Case Study of the Effects of Coffee and Green Tea. Microorganisms 2024; 12:236. [PMID: 38399640 PMCID: PMC10891782 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal simulations in vitro have only limited approaches to analyze the microbial communities inhabiting the mucosal compartment. Understanding and differentiating gut microbial ecosystems is crucial for a more comprehensive and accurate representation of the gut microbiome and its interactions with the host. Herein is suggested, in a short-term and static set-up (named "M-batches"), the analysis of mucosal and luminal populations of inhabitants of the human colon. After varying several parameters, such as the fermentation volume and the fecal inoculum (single or pool), only minor differences in microbial composition and metabolic production were identified. However, the pool created with feces from five donors and cultivated in a smaller volume (300 mL) seemed to provide a more stable luminal ecosystem. The study of commercially available coffee and green tea in the M-batches suggested some positive effects of these worldwide known beverages, including the increase in butyrate-producing bacteria and lactobacilli populations. We hope that this novel strategy can contribute to future advances in the study of intestinal ecosystems and host-microbe relationships and help elucidate roles of the microbiome in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Goya-Jorge
- Laboratory of Food Quality Management, Department of Food Sciences, FARAH-Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, B43b, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Intestinal Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Irma Gonza
- Laboratory of Food Quality Management, Department of Food Sciences, FARAH-Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, B43b, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Caroline Douny
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Food Sciences, FARAH-Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, B43b, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie-Louise Scippo
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Food Sciences, FARAH-Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, B43b, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Véronique Delcenserie
- Laboratory of Food Quality Management, Department of Food Sciences, FARAH-Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, B43b, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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10
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Pandey H, Jain D, Tang DWT, Wong SH, Lal D. Gut microbiota in pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapeutics of inflammatory bowel disease. Intest Res 2024; 22:15-43. [PMID: 37935653 PMCID: PMC10850697 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2023.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial disease, which is thought to be an interplay between genetic, environment, microbiota, and immune-mediated factors. Dysbiosis in the gut microbial composition, caused by antibiotics and diet, is closely related to the initiation and progression of IBD. Differences in gut microbiota composition between IBD patients and healthy individuals have been found, with reduced biodiversity of commensal microbes and colonization of opportunistic microbes in IBD patients. Gut microbiota can, therefore, potentially be used for diagnosing and prognosticating IBD, and predicting its treatment response. Currently, there are no curative therapies for IBD. Microbiota-based interventions, including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, have been recognized as promising therapeutic strategies. Clinical studies and studies done in animal models have provided sufficient evidence that microbiota-based interventions may improve inflammation, the remission rate, and microscopic aspects of IBD. Further studies are required to better understand the mechanisms of action of such interventions. This will help in enhancing their effectiveness and developing personalized therapies. The present review summarizes the relationship between gut microbiota and IBD immunopathogenesis. It also discusses the use of gut microbiota as a noninvasive biomarker and potential therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daryl W. T. Tang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Sunny H. Wong
- Centre for Microbiome Medicine, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Devi Lal
- Department of Zoology, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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11
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Abdi F, Buzhor MG, Zellweger N, Zhi-Luo, Leroux JC. pH-dependent pressure-sensitive colonic capsules for the delivery of aqueous bacterial suspensions. J Control Release 2024; 365:688-702. [PMID: 38040343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Microbiome-based therapies hold great promise for treating various diseases, but the efficient delivery of live bacteria to the colon remains a challenge. Furthermore, current oral formulations, such as lyophilized bacterial capsules or tablets, are produced using processes that can decrease bacterial viability. Consequently, high dosages are required to achieve efficacy. Herein, we report the design of pressure-sensitive colonic capsules for the encapsulation and delivery of aqueous suspensions of live bacteria. The capsules consisted of 2 functional thin-films (hydrophobic and enteric) of ethyl cellulose and Eudragit S100 dip-coated onto hydroxypropyl methylcellulose molds. The capsules could be loaded with aqueous media and provide protection against acidic fluids and, to some extent, oxygen diffusion, suggesting their potential suitability for delivering anaerobic bacterial strains. Disintegration and mechanical studies indicated that the capsules could withstand transit through the stomach and upper/proximal small intestinal segments and rupture in the ileum/colon. In vitro studies showed that bacterial cells (anaerobic and aerobic commensals) remained highly viable (74-98%) after encapsulation and exposure to the simulated GI tract conditions. In vivo studies with a beagle dog model revealed that 67% of the capsules opened after 3.5 h, indicating content release in the distal gastrointestinal tract. These data demonstrate that live aqueous bacterial suspensions comprised of both aerobic and anaerobic commensals can be encapsulated and in the future might be efficiently delivered to the distal gastrointestinal tract, suggesting the practical applications of these capsules in microbiome-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Abdi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marina Green Buzhor
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Zellweger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Zhi-Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jean-Christophe Leroux
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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12
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Forner E, Ezenarro JJ, Pérez-Montero M, Vigués N, Asensio-Grau A, Andrés A, Mas J, Baeza M, Muñoz-Berbel X, Villa R, Gabriel G. Electrochemical biosensor for aerobic acetate detection. Talanta 2023; 265:124882. [PMID: 37453394 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing demand on alternatives methods to animal testing. Numerous health parameters have been already studied using in vitro devices able to mimic the essential functions of the organs, being the real-time monitoring and response to stimuli their main limitations. Regarding the health of the gut, the short chain fatty acids, and particularly acetate, have emerged as key biomarkers to evaluate gut healthiness and disease development, although the number of acetate biosensors is still very low. This article presents a microbial biosensor based on fully biocompatible materials which is able to detect acetate in aerobic conditions in the range between 11 and 50 mM, and without compromising the viability and function of either bacteria (>90% viability) or mammalian cells (>80% viability). The detection mechanism is based on the metabolism of acetate by Escherichia coli bacteria immobilized on the transducer surface. Ferricyanide is used as a redox mediator to transfer electrons from the acetate metabolism in the bacterial cells to the transducer. High bacterial concentrations are immobilized in the transducer surface (109 cfu mL-1) by electrodeposition of conductive alginate hydrogels doped with reduced graphene oxide. The results show successful outcomes to exploit bacteria as a biosensing tool, based on the use of inkjet printed transducers, biocompatible materials and cell entrapment technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Forner
- Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J J Ezenarro
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Pérez-Montero
- Basic Sciences Department. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195, Sant Cugat Del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Vigués
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Asensio-Grau
- Instituto de Ingenieria de Alimentos para El Desarrollo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera S/n, 46022, València, Spain
| | - A Andrés
- Instituto de Ingenieria de Alimentos para El Desarrollo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera S/n, 46022, València, Spain
| | - J Mas
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Baeza
- GENOCOV Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Edifici C-Nord, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - X Muñoz-Berbel
- Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - R Villa
- Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - G Gabriel
- Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
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13
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Ayoola MB, Pillai N, Nanduri B, Rothrock MJ, Ramkumar M. Predicting foodborne pathogens and probiotics taxa within poultry-related microbiomes using a machine learning approach. Anim Microbiome 2023; 5:57. [PMID: 37968727 PMCID: PMC10648331 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-023-00260-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbiomes that can serve as an indicator of gut, intestinal, and general health of humans and animals are largely influenced by food consumed and contaminant bioagents. Microbiome studies usually focus on estimating the alpha (within sample) and beta (similarity/dissimilarity among samples) diversities. This study took a combinatorial approach and applied machine learning to microbiome data to predict the presence of disease-causing pathogens and their association with known/potential probiotic taxa. Probiotics are beneficial living microorganisms capable of improving the host organism's digestive system, immune function and ultimately overall health. Here, 16 S rRNA gene high-throughput Illumina sequencing of temporal pre-harvest (feces, soil) samples of 42 pastured poultry flocks (poultry in this entire work solely refers to chickens) from southeastern U.S. farms was used to generate the relative abundance of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) as machine learning input. Unique genera from the OTUs were used as predictors of the prevalence of foodborne pathogens (Salmonella, Campylobacter and Listeria) at different stages of poultry growth (START (2-4 weeks old), MID (5-7 weeks old), END (8-11 weeks old)), association with farm management practices and physicochemical properties. RESULT While we did not see any significant associations between known probiotics and Salmonella or Listeria, we observed significant negative correlations between known probiotics (Bacillus and Clostridium) and Campylobacter at the mid-time point of sample collection. Our data indicates a negative correlation between potential probiotics and Campylobacter at both early and end-time points of sample collection. Furthermore, our model prediction shows that changes in farm operations such as how often the houses are moved on the pasture, age at which chickens are introduced to the pasture, diet composition and presence of other animals on the farm could favorably increase the abundance and activity of probiotics that could reduce Campylobacter prevalence. CONCLUSION Integration of microbiome data with farm management practices using machine learning provided insights on how to reduce Campylobacter prevalence and transmission along the farm-to-fork continuum. Altering management practices to support proliferation of beneficial probiotics to reduce pathogen prevalence identified here could constitute a complementary method to the existing but ineffective interventions such as vaccination and bacteriophage cocktails usage. Study findings also corroborate the presence of bacterial genera such as Caloramator, DA101, Parabacteroides and Faecalibacterium as potential probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses B Ayoola
- Geosystems Research Institute, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, 39762, USA
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Nisha Pillai
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Bindu Nanduri
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Michael J Rothrock
- Egg Safety and Quality Research Unit, USDA-ARS U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Mahalingam Ramkumar
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, 39762, USA.
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14
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Marsaux B, Moens F, Marzorati M, Van de Wiele T. The Intricate Connection between Bacterial α-Diversity and Fungal Engraftment in the Human Gut of Healthy and Impaired Individuals as Studied Using the In Vitro SHIME ® Model. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:877. [PMID: 37754985 PMCID: PMC10532570 DOI: 10.3390/jof9090877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
From the estimated 2.2 to 3.8 million fungal species existing on Earth, only a minor fraction actively colonizes the human gastrointestinal tract. In fact, these fungi only represent 0.1% of the gastrointestinal biosphere. Despite their low abundance, fungi play dual roles in human health-both beneficial and detrimental. Fungal infections are often associated with bacterial dysbiosis following antibiotic use, yet our understanding of gut fungi-bacteria interactions remains limited. Here, we used the SHIME® gut model to explore the colonization of human fecal-derived fungi across gastrointestinal compartments. We accounted for the high inter-individual microbial diversity by using fecal samples from healthy adults, healthy babies, and Crohn's disease patients. Using quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction and targeted next-generation sequencing, we demonstrated that SHIME®-colonized mycobiomes change upon loss of transient colonizers. In addition, SHIME® reactors from Crohn's disease patients contained comparable bacterial levels as healthy adults but higher fungal concentrations, indicating unpredictable correlations between fungal levels and total bacterial counts. Our findings rather link higher bacterial α-diversity to limited fungal growth, tied to colonization resistance. Hence, while healthy individuals had fewer fungi engrafting the colonic reactors, low α-diversity in impaired (Crohn's disease patients) or immature (babies) microbiota was associated with greater fungal abundance. To validate, antibiotic-treated healthy colonic microbiomes demonstrated increased fungal colonization susceptibility, and bacterial taxa that were negatively correlated with fungal expansion were identified. In summary, fungal colonization varied individually and transiently, and bacterial resistance to fungal overgrowth was more related with specific bacterial genera than total bacterial load. This study sheds light on fungal-bacterial dynamics in the human gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Marsaux
- ProDigest B.V., Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (F.M.); (M.M.); (T.V.d.W.)
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Moens
- ProDigest B.V., Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (F.M.); (M.M.); (T.V.d.W.)
| | - Massimo Marzorati
- ProDigest B.V., Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (F.M.); (M.M.); (T.V.d.W.)
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- ProDigest B.V., Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (F.M.); (M.M.); (T.V.d.W.)
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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15
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Golpour F, Abbasi-Alaei M, Babaei F, Mirzababaei M, Parvardeh S, Mohammadi G, Nassiri-Asl M. Short chain fatty acids, a possible treatment option for autoimmune diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114763. [PMID: 37105078 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota can interact with the immune system through its metabolites. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), as one of the most abundant metabolites of the resident gut microbiota play an important role in this crosstalk. SCFAs (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) regulate nearly every type of immune cell in the gut's immune cell repertoire regarding their development and function. SCFAs work through several pathways to impose protection towards colonic health and against local or systemic inflammation. Additionally, SCFAs play a role in the regulation of immune or non-immune pathways that can slow the development of autoimmunity either systematically or in situ. The present study aims to summarize the current knowledge on the immunomodulatory roles of SCFAs and the association between the SCFAs and autoimmune disorders such as celiac disease (CD), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), type 1 diabetes (T1D) and other immune-mediated diseases, uncovering a brand-new therapeutic possibility to prevent or treat autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Golpour
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrsa Abbasi-Alaei
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Babaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Mirzababaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Siavash Parvardeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Mohammadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Marjan Nassiri-Asl
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Liyanage NM, Nagahawatta DP, Jayawardena TU, Jeon YJ. The Role of Seaweed Polysaccharides in Gastrointestinal Health: Protective Effect against Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13041026. [PMID: 37109555 PMCID: PMC10143107 DOI: 10.3390/life13041026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a prominent global public health issue. Anti-inflammatory medications, immunosuppressants, and biological therapies are currently used as treatments. However, they are often unsuccessful and have negative consequences on human health. Thus, there is a tremendous demand for using natural substances, such as seaweed polysaccharides, to treat IBD's main pathologic treatment targets. The cell walls of marine algae are rich in sulfated polysaccharides, including carrageenan in red algae, ulvan in green algae, and fucoidan in brown algae. These are effective candidates for drug development and functional nutrition products. Algal polysaccharides treat IBD through therapeutic targets, including inflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules, intestinal epithelial cells, and intestinal microflora. This study aimed to systematically review the potential therapeutic effects of algal polysaccharides on IBD while providing the theoretical basis for a nutritional preventive mechanism for IBD and the restoration of intestinal health. The results suggest that algal polysaccharides have significant potential in complementary IBD therapy and further research is needed for fully understanding their mechanisms of action and potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Liyanage
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - D P Nagahawatta
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Thilina U Jayawardena
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
- Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63333, Republic of Korea
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17
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Deyaert S, Moens F, Pirovano W, van den Bogert B, Klaassens ES, Marzorati M, Van de Wiele T, Kleerebezem M, Van den Abbeele P. Development of a reproducible small intestinal microbiota model and its integration into the SHIME®-system, a dynamic in vitro gut model. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1054061. [PMID: 37008301 PMCID: PMC10063983 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1054061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract consists of different regions, each characterized by a distinct physiology, anatomy, and microbial community. While the colonic microbiota has received a lot of attention in recent research projects, little is known about the small intestinal microbiota and its interactions with ingested compounds, primarily due to the inaccessibility of this region in vivo. This study therefore aimed to develop and validate a dynamic, long-term simulation of the ileal microbiota using the SHIME®-technology. Essential parameters were identified and optimized from a screening experiment testing different inoculation strategies, nutritional media, and environmental parameters over an 18-day period. Subjecting a synthetic bacterial consortium to the selected conditions resulted in a stable microbiota that was representative in terms of abundance [8.81 ± 0.12 log (cells/ml)], composition and function. Indeed, the observed community mainly consisted of the genera Streptococcus, Veillonella, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, and Clostridium (qPCR and 16S rRNA gene targeted Illumina sequencing), while nutrient administration boosted lactate production followed by cross-feeding interactions towards acetate and propionate. Furthermore, similarly as in vivo, bile salts were only partially deconjugated and only marginally converted into secondary bile salts. After confirming reproducibility of the small intestinal microbiota model, it was integrated into the established M-SHIME® where it further increased the compositional relevance of the colonic community. This long-term in vitro model provides a representative simulation of the ileal bacterial community, facilitating research of the ileum microbiota dynamics and activity when, for example, supplemented with microbial or diet components. Furthermore, integration of this present in vitro simulation increases the biological relevance of the current M-SHIME® technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Massimo Marzorati
- ProDigest BV, Gent, Belgium
- Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Massimo Marzorati,
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- ProDigest BV, Gent, Belgium
- Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Michiel Kleerebezem
- Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
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18
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Chen J, Pan M, Wang J, Zhang M, Feng M, Chai X, Zhang Q, Sun Y. Hydroxysafflor yellow A protects against colitis in mice by suppressing pyroptosis via inhibiting HK1/NLRP3/GSDMD and modulating gut microbiota. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 467:116494. [PMID: 37001609 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), a chalcone glycoside, is a component of Carthamus tinctorius L. and exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects. However, the therapeutic effect and the underlying mechanism of HSYA on ulcerative colitis is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the unexplored protective effects and underlying mechanisms of HSYA on UC. In vitro analyses showed that HSYA reduced the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-6 and inhibited nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)/gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated pyroptosis in lipopolysaccharide/ adenosine-5'-triphosphate (LPS/ATP)-stimulated macrophages. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) profiling of intracellular metabolites showed that HSYA reduced the increased levels of glucose, glucose 6-phosphate, and lactic acid, and inhibited the increased hexokinase 1 (HK1) expression caused by LPS/ATP stimulation. HK1 shRNA transfection further confirmed that HSYA inhibited the NLRP3/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis via HK1 downregulation. In vivo analyses showed that HSYA drastically attenuated UC symptoms by relieving body weight loss, a decline in colon length, and inflammatory infiltration in colonic tissues induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). HSYA also reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-18. Moreover, HSYA inhibited HK1/NLRP3/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in DSS-induced colitis mice. Finally, 16S rRNA sequencing analyses of gut microbiota revealed that HSYA reversed gut microbiota dysbiosis by reducing the abundance of Proteobacteria and increasing that of Bacteroidetes. This study demonstrated that HSYA not only exerted anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting HK1/NLRP3/GSDMD and suppressing pyroptosis but also regulated gut microbiota in mice with DSS-induced colitis. Our findings provide new experimental evidence that HSYA might be a potential candidate for treating inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyue Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjie Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengling Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingmei Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Chai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Sancandi M, De Caro C, Cypaite N, Marascio N, Avagliano C, De Marco C, Russo E, Constanti A, Mercer A. Effects of a probiotic suspension Symprove™ on a rat early-stage Parkinson's disease model. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 14:986127. [PMID: 36742204 PMCID: PMC9890174 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.986127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies in recent years have focused on the role that the gut may play in Parkinson's Disease (PD) pathogenesis, suggesting that the maintenance of a healthy gut may lead to potential treatments of the disease. The health of microbiota has been shown to be directly associated with parameters that play a potential role in PD including gut barrier integrity, immunity, function, metabolism and the correct functioning of the gut-brain axis. The gut microbiota (GM) may therefore be employed as valuable indicators for early diagnosis of PD and potential targets for preventing or treating PD symptoms. Preserving the gut homeostasis using probiotics may therefore lead to a promising treatment strategy due to their known benefits in improving constipation, motor impairments, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of probiotics in PD are yet to be clarified. In this project, we have tested the efficacy of an oral probiotic suspension, Symprove™, on an established animal model of PD. Symprove™, unlike many commercially available probiotics, has been shown to be resistant to gastric acidity, improve symptoms in gastrointestinal diseases and improve gut integrity in an in vitro PD model. In this study, we used an early-stage PD rat model to determine the effect of Symprove™ on neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in the brain and on plasma cytokine levels, GM composition and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) release. Symprove™ was shown to significantly influence both the gut and brain of the PD model. It preserved the gut integrity in the PD model, reduced plasma inflammatory markers and changed microbiota composition. The treatment also prevented the reduction in SCFAs and striatal inflammation and prevented tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cell loss by 17% compared to that observed in animals treated with placebo. We conclude that Symprove™ treatment may have a positive influence on the symptomology of early-stage PD with obvious implications for the improvement of gut integrity and possibly delaying/preventing the onset of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in human PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Sancandi
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carmen De Caro
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Neringa Cypaite
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nadia Marascio
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carmen Avagliano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Carmela De Marco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emilio Russo
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Andrew Constanti
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
| | - Audrey Mercer
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Audrey Mercer,
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20
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McCoubrey LE, Favaron A, Awad A, Orlu M, Gaisford S, Basit AW. Colonic drug delivery: Formulating the next generation of colon-targeted therapeutics. J Control Release 2023; 353:1107-1126. [PMID: 36528195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Colonic drug delivery can facilitate access to unique therapeutic targets and has the potential to enhance drug bioavailability whilst reducing off-target effects. Delivering drugs to the colon requires considered formulation development, as both oral and rectal dosage forms can encounter challenges if the colon's distinct physiological environment is not appreciated. As the therapeutic opportunities surrounding colonic drug delivery multiply, the success of novel pharmaceuticals lies in their design. This review provides a modern insight into the key parameters determining the effective design and development of colon-targeted medicines. Influential physiological features governing the release, dissolution, stability, and absorption of drugs in the colon are first discussed, followed by an overview of the most reliable colon-targeted formulation strategies. Finally, the most appropriate in vitro, in vivo, and in silico preclinical investigations are presented, with the goal of inspiring strategic development of new colon-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E McCoubrey
- 29 - 39 Brunswick Square, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Alessia Favaron
- 29 - 39 Brunswick Square, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Atheer Awad
- 29 - 39 Brunswick Square, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Mine Orlu
- 29 - 39 Brunswick Square, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Simon Gaisford
- 29 - 39 Brunswick Square, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Abdul W Basit
- 29 - 39 Brunswick Square, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK.
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21
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Calatayud M, Duysburgh C, Van den Abbeele P, Franckenstein D, Kuchina-Koch A, Marzorati M. Long-Term Lactulose Administration Improves Dysbiosis Induced by Antibiotic and C. difficile in the PathoGut TM SHIME Model. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1464. [PMID: 36358119 PMCID: PMC9686563 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and an important nosocomial infection with different severity degrees. Disruption of the gut microbiota by broad-spectrum antibiotics creates a proper environment for C. difficile colonization, proliferation, and clinical disease onset. Restoration of the gut microbial ecosystem through prebiotic interventions can constitute an effective complementary treatment of CDI. Using an adapted simulator of the human gut microbial ecosystem, the PathoGutTM SHIME, the effect of different long-term and repeated dose lactulose treatments was tested on C. difficile germination and growth in antibiotic-induced dysbiotic gut microbiota environments. The results showed that lactulose reduced the growth of viable C. difficile cells following clindamycin treatment, shifted the antibiotic-induced dysbiotic microbial community, and stimulated the production of health-promoting metabolites (especially butyrate). Recovery of the gut microenvironment by long-term lactulose administration following CDI was also linked to lactate production, decrease in pH and modulation of bile salt metabolism. At a structural level, lactulose showed a significant bifidogenic potential and restored key commensal members of the gut ecosystem such as Lactobacillaceae, Veillonellaceae and Lachnospiraceae. These results support further human intervention studies aiming to validate the in vitro beneficial effects of lactulose on gut microbiome recovery during antibiotic exposure and CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Calatayud
- ProDigest BV, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Massimo Marzorati
- ProDigest BV, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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22
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Tarapatzi G, Filidou E, Kandilogiannakis L, Spathakis M, Gaitanidou M, Arvanitidis K, Drygiannakis I, Valatas V, Kotzampassi K, Manolopoulos VG, Kolios G, Vradelis S. The Probiotic Strains Bifidοbacterium lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces boulardii Regulate Wound Healing and Chemokine Responses in Human Intestinal Subepithelial Myofibroblasts. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1293. [PMID: 36297405 PMCID: PMC9611312 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces boulardii are common probiotic supplements. Colonic subepithelial myofibroblasts (cSEMFs) are actively involved in mucosal wound healing and inflammation. cSEMFs, isolated from healthy individuals, were stimulated with 102 or 104 cfu/mL of these probiotic strains alone and in combination, and their effect on chemokine and wound healing factor expression was assessed by qRT-PCR, ELISA and Sircol Assay, and on cSEMFs migration, by Wound Healing Assay. These strains remained viable and altered cSEMFs’ inflammatory and wound healing behavior, depending on the strain and concentration. cSEMFs treated with a combination of the four probiotics had a moderate, but statistically significant, increase in the mRNA and/or protein expression of chemokines CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL4, CXCL8, CXCL10, CCL2 and CCL5, and healing factors, collagen type I and III, fibronectin and tissue factor. In contrast, when each strain was administered alone, different effects were observed, with greater increase or decrease in chemokine and healing factor expression, which was balanced by the mixture. Overall, this study highlights that the use of multiple probiotic strains can potentially alert the gut mucosal immune system and promote wound healing, having a better effect on mucosal immunity than the use of single probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesthimani Tarapatzi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Individualised Medicine & Pharmacological Research Solutions Center (IMPReS), 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Eirini Filidou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Individualised Medicine & Pharmacological Research Solutions Center (IMPReS), 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Leonidas Kandilogiannakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Individualised Medicine & Pharmacological Research Solutions Center (IMPReS), 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Michail Spathakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Individualised Medicine & Pharmacological Research Solutions Center (IMPReS), 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Maria Gaitanidou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Arvanitidis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Individualised Medicine & Pharmacological Research Solutions Center (IMPReS), 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Ioannis Drygiannakis
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Laboratory, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vassilis Valatas
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Laboratory, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Katerina Kotzampassi
- Department of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vangelis G. Manolopoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Individualised Medicine & Pharmacological Research Solutions Center (IMPReS), 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - George Kolios
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Individualised Medicine & Pharmacological Research Solutions Center (IMPReS), 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Stergios Vradelis
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Chen X, Gao F, Zhang J. Lactobacillus complex capsules ameliorate aspirin-related small intestinal mucosal injury: a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Scand J Gastroenterol 2022; 57:1195-1201. [PMID: 35534443 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2022.2073184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aspirin can reduce cardiovascular disease risk; however, it can increase the risk of gastrointestinal injury. Lactobacilli have some protective effects; however, there are few studies on their effects on humans. This study investigates the effects of Lactobacillus complex capsule treatment on the aspirin-related small intestinal mucosal injury. METHODS This single-center, prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial included 69 patients using enteric-coated aspirin for >1 month between May and December 2019. After baseline magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy (MCCE), patients with aspirin-related small intestinal mucosal injury were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive enteric-coated aspirin and Lactobacillus complex capsules containing a combination of Lactobacillus rhamnosus I, Lactobacillus rhamnosus II, and Enterococcus faecium (probiotics group) or enteric-coated aspirin only (control group) for 2 months. After treatment, the patient underwent MCCE again. The primary outcome was the change in small intestinal mucosal injury scores from baseline to post-intervention. RESULTS Twenty-five patients in the probiotics group and 28 in the control group completed the trial. The decrease in small intestinal mucosal injury scores from baseline to post-intervention was significantly greater in the probiotics group than that in the control group (p < .001). The improvement rates of red spots and erosions in the probiotics group were higher compared with the control group (p = .027 and .022, respectively), and the improvement rate of small intestinal ulcers in the probiotics group was 75.0%; however, there was no improvement in the control group. CONCLUSION Lactobacillus complex capsules can ameliorate aspirin-related small intestinal mucosal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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24
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Li Z, Ma S, Wang X, Wang Y, Yan R, Wang J, Xu Z, Wang S, Feng Y, Wang J, Mei Q, Yang P, Liu L. Pharmacokinetic and gut microbiota analyses revealed the effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus on the metabolism of Olsalazine in ulcerative colitis rats. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 175:106235. [PMID: 35697287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Olsalazine is a typical 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) drug that depends on gut microbiota to liberate its anti-inflammatory moiety 5-ASA in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). In recent decades, 5-ASA drugs combined with probiotics have achieved a better effective treatment for UC. Mechanisms of combination therapy have been widely discussed from a pharmacodynamic perspective. However, it is still unclear whether the better therapeutic efficacy of combination therapy was made by changing the metabolism of 5-ASA drugs in the colon under the regulation of probiotics. In the present study, combined with pharmacokinetic and gut microbiota analyses, we systematically evaluated the potential effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) on the metabolism of Olsalazine at three levels (pharmacokinetic characteristics, metabolic microbiota, and metabolic enzymes) to offer some insights into this issue. As pharmacokinetic results showed, L. acidophilus barely had an influence on the pharmacokinetic parameters of Olsalazine, 5-ASA, and N-Ac-5-ASA. Notably, the colonic exposure of 5-ASA was not affected by L. acidophilus. Gut microbiota results also illustrated that L. acidophilus did not change the total abundance of azoreductase (azoR) and N-acetyltransferase (NAT) associated gut microbiota and enzymes, which are involved in the metabolism of Olsalazine. Both pharmacokinetic and gut microbiota results revealed that L. acidophilus did not increase the colonic exposure of 5-ASA to improve the efficacy of combination therapy. L. acidophilus played its role in UC treatment by regulating gut microbiota composition and amino acid, phenolic acid, oligosaccharide, and peptidoglycan metabolic pathways. There was no potential medication risk of combination therapy of Olsalazine and L. acidophilus. In summary, this research provided strong evidence of medication safety and a comprehensive understanding of therapeutic advantages for combination therapy of probiotics and 5-ASA drugs from the pharmacokinetic and gut microbiota perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Li
- Center for Pharmacological Evaluation and Research of SIPI, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Hongkou, Shanghai 200437, PR China
| | - Shumei Ma
- Center for Pharmacological Evaluation and Research of SIPI, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Hongkou, Shanghai 200437, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Center for Pharmacological Evaluation and Research of SIPI, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Hongkou, Shanghai 200437, PR China
| | - Renjie Yan
- Center for Pharmacological Evaluation and Research of SIPI, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Hongkou, Shanghai 200437, PR China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Center for Pharmacological Evaluation and Research of SIPI, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Hongkou, Shanghai 200437, PR China
| | - Zhiru Xu
- Center for Pharmacological Evaluation and Research of SIPI, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Hongkou, Shanghai 200437, PR China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Center for Pharmacological Evaluation and Research of SIPI, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Hongkou, Shanghai 200437, PR China
| | - Yue Feng
- Center for Pharmacological Evaluation and Research of SIPI, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Hongkou, Shanghai 200437, PR China
| | - Juan Wang
- Center for Pharmacological Evaluation and Research of SIPI, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Hongkou, Shanghai 200437, PR China
| | - Qibing Mei
- Department of pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China
| | - Ping Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Li Liu
- Center for Pharmacological Evaluation and Research of SIPI, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Hongkou, Shanghai 200437, PR China.
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25
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Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Lactose Differentially Affect Infant Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Barrier In Vitro. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122546. [PMID: 35745275 PMCID: PMC9227761 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The infant gut microbiota establishes during a critical window of opportunity when metabolic and immune functions are highly susceptible to environmental changes, such as diet. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) for instance are suggested to be beneficial for infant health and gut microbiota. Infant formulas supplemented with the HMOs 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) reduce infant morbidity and medication use and promote beneficial bacteria in the infant gut ecosystem. To further improve infant formula and achieve closer proximity to human milk composition, more complex HMO mixtures could be added. However, we currently lack knowledge about their effects on infants’ gut ecosystems. Method: We assessed the effect of lactose, 2′-FL, 2′-FL + LNnT, and a mixture of six HMOs (HMO6: consisting of 2′-FL, LNnT, difucosyllactose, lacto-N-tetraose, 3′- and 6′-sialyllactose) on infant gut microbiota and intestinal barrier integrity using a combination of in vitro models to mimic the microbial ecosystem (baby M-SHIME®) and the intestinal epithelium (Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-culture). Results: All the tested products had bifidogenic potential and increased SCFA levels; however, only the HMOs’ fermented media protected against inflammatory intestinal barrier disruption. 2′-FL/LNnT and HMO6 promoted the highest diversification of OTUs within the Bifidobactericeae family, whereas beneficial butyrate-producers were specifically enriched by HMO6. Conclusion: These results suggest that increased complexity in HMO mixture composition may benefit the infant gut ecosystem, promoting different bifidobacterial communities and protecting the gut barrier against pro-inflammatory imbalances.
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26
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Gao L, Kuraji R, Zhang MJ, Martinez A, Radaic A, Kamarajan P, Le C, Zhan L, Ye C, Rangé H, Sailani MR, Kapila YL. Nisin probiotic prevents inflammatory bone loss while promoting reparative proliferation and a healthy microbiome. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:45. [PMID: 35672331 PMCID: PMC9174264 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00307-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis of the oral microbiome mediates chronic periodontal disease. Realignment of microbial dysbiosis towards health may prevent disease. Treatment with antibiotics and probiotics can modulate the microbial, immunological, and clinical landscape of periodontal disease with some success. Antibacterial peptides or bacteriocins, such as nisin, and a nisin-producing probiotic, Lactococcus lactis, have not been examined in this context, yet warrant examination because of their biomedical benefits in eradicating biofilms and pathogenic bacteria, modulating immune mechanisms, and their safety profile in humans. This study's goal was to examine the potential for nisin and a nisin-producing probiotic to abrogate periodontal bone loss, the host inflammatory response, and changes in oral microbiome composition in a polymicrobial mouse model of periodontal disease. Nisin and a nisin-producing Lactococcus lactis probiotic significantly decreased the levels of several periodontal pathogens, alveolar bone loss, and the oral and systemic inflammatory host response. Surprisingly, nisin and/or the nisin-producing L. lactis probiotic enhanced the population of fibroblasts and osteoblasts despite the polymicrobial infection. Nisin mediated human periodontal ligament cell proliferation dose-dependently by increasing the proliferation marker, Ki-67. Nisin and probiotic treatment significantly shifted the oral microbiome towards the healthy control state; health was associated with Proteobacteria, whereas 3 retroviruses were associated with disease. Disease-associated microbial species were correlated with IL-6 levels. Nisin or nisin-producing probiotic's ability to shift the oral microbiome towards health, mitigate periodontal destruction and the host immune response, and promote a novel proliferative phenotype in reparative connective tissue cells, addresses key aspects of the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and reveals a new biomedical application for nisin in treatment of periodontitis and reparative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Orofacial Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ryutaro Kuraji
- Orofacial Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Life Science Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Periodontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Martin Jinye Zhang
- Oralome, Inc, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall Suite 214, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - April Martinez
- Orofacial Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Allan Radaic
- Orofacial Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pachiyappan Kamarajan
- Orofacial Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charles Le
- Orofacial Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ling Zhan
- Orofacial Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Changchang Ye
- Orofacial Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hélène Rangé
- Orofacial Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
- Université Paris Cité, Faculty of Health, Department of Periodontology, URP2496 Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies Laboratory, Montrouge and Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, PaCeMM, FHU, Hôpital Rothschild, APHP, Paris, France
| | - M Reza Sailani
- Oralome, Inc, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall Suite 214, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yvonne L Kapila
- Orofacial Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA.
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27
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Joshi A, Soni A, Acharya S. In vitro models and ex vivo systems used in inflammatory bowel disease. IN VITRO MODELS 2022. [PMID: 37519330 PMCID: PMC9036838 DOI: 10.1007/s44164-022-00017-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, relapsing gastrointestinal condition. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are types of inflammatory bowel disease. Over many decades, the disease has been a topic of study, with experts still trying to figure out its cause and pathology. Researchers have established many in vivo animal models, in vitro cell lines, and ex vivo systems to understand its cause ultimately and adequately identify a therapy. However, in vivo animal models cannot be regarded as good models for studying IBD since they cannot completely simulate the disease. Furthermore, because species differences are a crucial subject of concern, in vitro cell lines and ex vivo systems can be employed to recreate the condition properly. In vitro models serve as the starting point for biological and medical research. Ex vivo and in vitro models for replicating gut physiology have been developed. This review aims to present a clear understanding of several in vitro and ex vivo models of IBD and provide insights into their benefits and limits and their value in understanding intestinal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology, SSR College of Pharmacy, Union Territory of Dadra 396230 Sayli, Silvassa, India
| | - Arun Soni
- Department of Pharmacology, SSR College of Pharmacy, Union Territory of Dadra 396230 Sayli, Silvassa, India
| | - Sanjeev Acharya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, SSR College of Pharmacy, Union Territory of Dadra 396230 Sayli, Silvassa, India
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28
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Jiang Z, Li M, McClements DJ, Liu X, Liu F. Recent advances in the design and fabrication of probiotic delivery systems to target intestinal inflammation. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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29
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He BL, Xiong Y, Hu TG, Zong MH, Wu H. Bifidobacterium spp. as functional foods: A review of current status, challenges, and strategies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8048-8065. [PMID: 35319324 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2054934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Members of Bifidobacterium are among the first microbes to colonize the human intestine naturally, their abundance and diversity in the colon are closely related to host health. Recently, the gut microbiota has been gradually proven to be crucial mediators of various metabolic processes between the external environment and the host. Therefore, the health-promoting benefits of Bifidobacterium spp. and their applications in food have gradually been widely concerned. The main purpose of this review is to comprehensively introduce general features, colonization methods, and safety of Bifidobacterium spp. in the human gut, highlighting its health benefits and industrial applications. On this basis, the existing limitations and scope for future research are also discussed. Bifidobacteria have beneficial effects on the host's digestive system, immune system, and nervous system. However, the first prerequisite for functioning is to have enough live bacteria before consumption and successfully colonize the colon after ingestion. At present, strain breeding, optimization (e.g., selecting acid and bile resistant strains, adaptive evolution, high cell density culture), and external protection technology (e.g., microencapsulation and protectants) are the main strategies to address these challenges in food application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Lin He
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Xiong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China
| | - Teng-Gen Hu
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min-Hua Zong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China
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30
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Hu Y, Ye Z, She Y, Li L, Wu M, Qin K, Li Y, He H, Hu Z, Yang M, Lu F, Ye Q. Efficacy and Safety of Probiotics Combined With Traditional Chinese Medicine for Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:844961. [PMID: 35321324 PMCID: PMC8936956 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.844961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The combination of probiotics and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a prospective therapy for ulcerative colitis (UC), and its efficacy and safety need to be urgently evaluated. Objective: This study aims to comprehensively assess the efficacy and safety of probiotics combined with TCM for the treatment of UC. Methods: The Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, China Academic Journals (CNKI), Wan-fang database, Chinese biomedical literature service system (CBM), and Chinese Science and Technology Journals (CQVIP) were searched. Subgroup analysis were designed in accordance with different control drugs, treatment courses, and types of probiotics. The Review Manager software (version 5.4.1) was utilized for statistical analysis. Results: 14 original studies containing 1,154 patients were analyzed and showed that probiotics with TCM was more effective than 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), probiotics or TCM used individually. Moreover, probiotics combined with TCM could inhibit the intestinal inflammation, reduce the recurrence rate and the incidence of adverse events. The subgroup analysis showed that a mixture of different probiotics was more effective than a single strain. Conclusion: It is suggested that probiotics combined with TCM could effectively control clinical symptoms, inhibit intestinal inflammatory response, and finally slow down the disease progress and reduce the disease recurrence with less adverse events. The mixture of different probiotics used in conjunction with individually tailored TCM is a potential clinical strategy for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Ye
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingqi She
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Linzhen Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingquan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Kaihua Qin
- Health Preservation and Rehabilitation College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuzheng Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiqing He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhipeng Hu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Maoyi Yang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fating Lu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiaobo Ye
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Qiaobo Ye,
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Awad A, Madla CM, McCoubrey LE, Ferraro F, Gavins FK, Buanz A, Gaisford S, Orlu M, Siepmann F, Siepmann J, Basit AW. Clinical translation of advanced colonic drug delivery technologies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 181:114076. [PMID: 34890739 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery to the colon offers a myriad of benefits, including treatment of local diseases, direct access to unique therapeutic targets and the potential for increasing systemic drug bioavailability and efficacy. Although a range of traditional colonic delivery technologies are available, these systems exhibit inconsistent drug release due to physiological variability between and within individuals, which may be further exacerbated by underlying disease states. In recent years, significant translational and commercial advances have been made with the introduction of new technologies that incorporate independent multi-stimuli release mechanisms (pH and/or microbiota-dependent release). Harnessing these advanced technologies offers new possibilities for drug delivery via the colon, including the delivery of biopharmaceuticals, vaccines, nutrients, and microbiome therapeutics for the treatment of both local and systemic diseases. This review details the latest advances in colonic drug delivery, with an emphasis on emerging therapeutic opportunities and clinical technology translation.
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García MA, Varum F, Al-Gousous J, Hofmann M, Page S, Langguth P. In Vitro Methodologies for Evaluating Colon-Targeted Pharmaceutical Products and Industry Perspectives for Their Applications. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020291. [PMID: 35214024 PMCID: PMC8876830 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Several locally acting colon-targeted products to treat colonic diseases have been recently developed and marketed, taking advantage of gastrointestinal physiology to target delivery. Main mechanisms involve pH-dependent, time-controlled and/or enzymatic-triggered release. With site of action located before systemic circulation and troublesome colonic sampling, there is room for the introduction of meaningful in vitro methods for development, quality control (QC) and regulatory applications of these formulations. A one-size-fits-all method seems unrealistic, as the selection of experimental conditions should resemble the physiological features exploited to trigger the release. This article reviews the state of the art for bio-predictive dissolution testing of colon-targeted products. Compendial methods overlook physiological aspects, such as buffer molarity and fluid composition. These are critical for pH-dependent products and time-controlled systems containing ionizable drugs. Moreover, meaningful methods for enzymatic-triggered products including either bacteria or enzymes are completely ignored by pharmacopeias. Bio-predictive testing may accelerate the development of successful products, although this may require complex methodologies. However, for high-throughput routine testing (e.g., QC), simplified methods can be used where balance is struck between simplicity, robustness and transferability on one side and bio-predictivity on the other. Ultimately, bio-predictive methods can occupy a special niche in terms of supplementing plasma concentration data for regulatory approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio A. García
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (M.A.G.); (J.A.-G.)
| | - Felipe Varum
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland; (F.V.); (M.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Jozef Al-Gousous
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (M.A.G.); (J.A.-G.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael Hofmann
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland; (F.V.); (M.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Susanne Page
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland; (F.V.); (M.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Peter Langguth
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (M.A.G.); (J.A.-G.)
- Correspondence:
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Guo X, Huang C, Xu J, Xu H, Liu L, Zhao H, Wang J, Huang W, Peng W, Chen Y, Nie Y, Zhou Y, Zhou Y. Gut Microbiota Is a Potential Biomarker in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Nutr 2022; 8:818902. [PMID: 35127797 PMCID: PMC8814525 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.818902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), is characterized by relapse and remission alternately. It remains a great challenge to diagnose and assess disease activity during IBD due to the lack of specific markers. While traditional biomarkers from plasma and stool, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), fecal calprotectin (FC), and S100A12, can be used to measure inflammation, they are not specific to IBD and difficult to determine an effective cut-off value. There is consensus that gut microbiota is crucial for intestinal dysbiosis is closely associated with IBD etiopathology and pathogenesis. Multiple studies have documented differences in the composition of gut microbiota between patients with IBD and healthy individuals, particularly regarding microbial diversity and relative abundance of specific bacteria. Patients with IBD have higher levels of Proteobacteria and lower amounts of Bacteroides, Eubacterium, and Faecalibacterium than healthy individuals. This review summarizes the pros and cons of using traditional and microbiota biomarkers to assess disease severity and treatment outcomes and addresses the possibility of using microbiota-focused interventions during IBD treatment. Understanding the role of microbial biomarkers in the assessment of disease activity and treatment outcomes has the potential to change clinical practice and lead to the development of more personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Le Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hailan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqi Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wu Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuqiang Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjian Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Yongjian Zhou
| | - Youlian Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Youlian Zhou
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Li H, Kang Z, He E, Wu X, Ma X, Yang D, Diao Y, Chen X. Fish-scale derived multifunctional nanofiber membrane for infected wound healing. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:5284-5300. [DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00646d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of modern medicine has put forward new requirements for wound infection healing methods in clinical treatment. Despite great achievements have been made in the research and development...
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Hu Y, Ye Z, Wu M, She Y, Li L, Xu Y, Qin K, Hu Z, Yang M, Lu F, Ye Q. The Communication Between Intestinal Microbiota and Ulcerative Colitis: An Exploration of Pathogenesis, Animal Models, and Potential Therapeutic Strategies. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:766126. [PMID: 34966755 PMCID: PMC8710685 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.766126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease. The prolonged course of UC and the lack of effective treatment management make it difficult to cure, affecting the health and life safety of patients. Although UC has received more attention, the etiology and pathogenesis of UC are still unclear. Therefore, it is urgent to establish an updated and comprehensive understanding of UC and explore effective treatment strategies. Notably, sufficient evidence shows that the intestinal microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of UC, and the treating method aimed at improving the balance of the intestinal microbiota exhibits a therapeutic potential for UC. This article reviews the relationship between the genetic, immunological and microbial risk factors with UC. At the same time, the UC animal models related to intestinal microbiota dysbiosis induced by chemical drugs were evaluated. Finally, the potential value of the therapeutic strategies for restoring intestinal microbial homeostasis and treating UC were also investigated. Comprehensively, this study may help to carry out preclinical research, treatment theory and methods, and health management strategy of UC, and provide some theoretical basis for TCM in the treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Ye
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingquan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingqi She
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Linzhen Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujie Xu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaihua Qin
- Health Preservation and Rehabilitation College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhipeng Hu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Maoyi Yang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fating Lu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiaobo Ye
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Ghyselinck J, Verstrepen L, Moens F, Van Den Abbeele P, Bruggeman A, Said J, Smith B, Barker LA, Jordan C, Leta V, Chaudhuri KR, Basit AW, Gaisford S. Influence of probiotic bacteria on gut microbiota composition and gut wall function in an in-vitro model in patients with Parkinson's disease. Int J Pharm X 2021; 3:100087. [PMID: 34977556 PMCID: PMC8683682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2021.100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here the potential role of a 4-strain probiotic suspension for use with patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Stool samples from a group of three patients with diagnosed PD were used to create microbiotas in an in-vitro gut model. The effects of dosing with an oral probiotic suspension (Symprove) on bacterial composition and metabolic activity in the microbiotas was evaluated over 48 h and compared with healthy controls. Additionally, the effect of probiotic dosing on epithelial tight-junction integrity, production of inflammatory markers and wound healing were evaluated in cell culture models. In general, the relative proportions of the main bacterial phyla in the microbiotas of PD patients differed from those of healthy subjects, with levels of Firmicutes raised and levels of Bacteroidetes reduced. Dosing with probiotic resulted in a change in bacterial composition in the microbiotas over a 48 h period. Several other indicators of gut health changed upon dosing with the probiotic; production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and lactate was stimulated, levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-10) increased and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (MCP-1 and IL-8) decreased. Tight junction integrity was seen to improve with probiotic dosing and wound healing was seen to occur faster than a control. The data suggest that if development and/or progression of PD is influenced by gut microbiota dysbiosis then supplementation of the diet with a properly formulated probiotic may be a useful adjunct to standard treatment in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Arnout Bruggeman
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jawal Said
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Barry Smith
- Symprove Ltd, Sandy Farm, The Sands, Farnham, Surrey GU10 1PX, UK
| | - Lynne Ann Barker
- Centre for Behavioural Science and Applied Psychology, Cognition and Neuroscience Group, Sheffield Hallam University, Collegiate Crescent Campus, Sheffield S10 2BQ, UK
| | - Caroline Jordan
- Centre for Behavioural Science and Applied Psychology, Cognition and Neuroscience Group, Sheffield Hallam University, Collegiate Crescent Campus, Sheffield S10 2BQ, UK
| | - Valentina Leta
- Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - K. Ray Chaudhuri
- Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Abdul W. Basit
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Simon Gaisford
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
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Probiotics in Intestinal Mucosal Healing: A New Therapy or an Old Friend? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111181. [PMID: 34832962 PMCID: PMC8622522 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative colitis are characterized by chronic and relapsing inflammation, while their pathogenesis remains mostly unelucidated. Gut commensal microbiota seem to be one of the various implicated factors, as several studies have shown a significant decrease in the microbiome diversity of patients with IBD. Although the question of whether microbiota dysbiosis is a causal factor or the result of chronic inflammation remains unanswered, one fact is clear; active inflammation in IBD results in the disruption of the mucus layer structure, barrier function, and also, colonization sites. Recently, many studies on IBD have been focusing on the interplay between mucosal and luminal microbiota, underlining their possible beneficial effect on mucosal healing. Regarding this notion, it has now been shown that specific probiotic strains, when administrated, lead to significantly decreased inflammation, amelioration of colitis, and improved mucosal healing. Probiotics are live microorganisms exerting beneficial effects on the host’s health when administered in adequate quantity. The aim of this review was to present and discuss the current findings on the role of gut microbiota and their metabolites in intestinal wound healing and the effects of probiotics on intestinal mucosal wound closure.
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Calatayud M, Börner RA, Ghyselinck J, Verstrepen L, Medts JD, den Abbeele PV, Boulangé CL, Priour S, Marzorati M, Damak S. Water Kefir and Derived Pasteurized Beverages Modulate Gut Microbiota, Intestinal Permeability and Cytokine Production In Vitro. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113897. [PMID: 34836151 PMCID: PMC8625349 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fermentation is an ancient food preservation process, and fermented products have been traditionally consumed in different cultures worldwide over the years. The interplay between human gut microbiota, diet and host health is widely recognized. Diet is one of the main factors modulating gut microbiota potentially with beneficial effects on human health. Fermented dairy products have received much attention, but other sources of probiotic delivery through food received far less attention. In this research, a combination of in vitro tools mimicking colonic fermentation and the intestinal epithelium have been applied to study the effect of different pasteurized and non-pasteurized water kefir products on gut microbiota, epithelial barrier function and immunomodulation. Water kefir increased beneficial short-chain fatty acid production at the microbial level, reduced detrimental proteolytic fermentation compounds and increased Bifidobacterium genus abundance. The observed benefits are enhanced by pasteurization. Pasteurized products also had a significant effect at the host level, improving inflammation-induced intestinal epithelial barrier disruption and increasing IL-10 and IL-1β compared to the control condition. Our data support the potential health benefits of water kefir and demonstrate that pasteurization, performed to prolong shelf life and stability of the product, also enhanced these benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Calatayud
- ProDigest, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (M.C.); (J.G.); (L.V.); (J.D.M.); (P.V.d.A.)
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rosa Aragao Börner
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, and Nestlé Institute of Material Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (C.L.B.); (S.P.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence: (R.A.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Jonas Ghyselinck
- ProDigest, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (M.C.); (J.G.); (L.V.); (J.D.M.); (P.V.d.A.)
| | - Lynn Verstrepen
- ProDigest, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (M.C.); (J.G.); (L.V.); (J.D.M.); (P.V.d.A.)
| | - Jelle De Medts
- ProDigest, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (M.C.); (J.G.); (L.V.); (J.D.M.); (P.V.d.A.)
| | - Pieter Van den Abbeele
- ProDigest, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (M.C.); (J.G.); (L.V.); (J.D.M.); (P.V.d.A.)
| | - Claire L. Boulangé
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, and Nestlé Institute of Material Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (C.L.B.); (S.P.); (S.D.)
| | - Sarah Priour
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, and Nestlé Institute of Material Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (C.L.B.); (S.P.); (S.D.)
| | - Massimo Marzorati
- ProDigest, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (M.C.); (J.G.); (L.V.); (J.D.M.); (P.V.d.A.)
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence: (R.A.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Sami Damak
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, and Nestlé Institute of Material Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (C.L.B.); (S.P.); (S.D.)
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Marzorati M, Van den Abbeele P, Bubeck S, Bayne T, Krishnan K, Young A. Treatment with a spore-based probiotic containing five strains of Bacillus induced changes in the metabolic activity and community composition of the gut microbiota in a SHIME® model of the human gastrointestinal system. Food Res Int 2021; 149:110676. [PMID: 34600678 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
MegaSporeBiotic™ is an oral, spore-based probiotic comprised of five Bacillus spp. (Bacillus indicus HU36, Bacillus subtilis HU58, Bacillus coagulans SC208, Bacillus licheniformis SL307, and Bacillus clausii SC109). The effects of MegaSporeBiotic™ on gut microbiota activity and community composition were evaluated for the first time using an in vitro model of the human gastrointestinal tract, the simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (SHIME®), under healthy conditions. Following a stabilization period and a control period (2 weeks each), the reactor feed was supplemented with daily MegaSporeBiotic™ for 3 weeks (treatment period). Changes in microbial community activity and composition between the control and treatment periods were evaluated for each colon compartment (ascending [AC], transverse [TC], and descending colon [DC]). Propionate levels increased significantly in the TC (week 2, P = 0.02; week 3, P = 0.0019) and DC (week 2, P = 0.03) with treatment while lactate levels significantly decreased in the TC (week 3, P = 0.03). Ammonium levels were significantly decreased during the final week of treatment (TC, P = 0.02; DC, P = 0.03). Overall, Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacteria spp., and Firmicutes increased with treatment while Lactobacillus spp. and Bacteroidetes decreased. The Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio increased with treatment in the AC compartment. MegaSporeProbiotic™ treatment resulted in changes in metabolism and increased bacterial diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Marzorati
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; ProDigest, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | | | - Sarah Bubeck
- Bubeck Scientific Communications, 194 Rainbow Drive #9418, Livingston, TX 77399, USA.
| | - Thomas Bayne
- Microbiome Labs, 101 E Town Pl, Saint Augustine, FL 92092, USA
| | - Kiran Krishnan
- Microbiome Labs, 101 E Town Pl, Saint Augustine, FL 92092, USA
| | - Aicacia Young
- Microbiome Labs, 101 E Town Pl, Saint Augustine, FL 92092, USA
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Jiang M, Zhong G, Zhu Y, Wang L, He Y, Sun Q, Wu X, You X, Gao S, Tang D, Wang D. Retardant effect of dihydroartemisinin on ulcerative colitis in a JAK2/STAT3-dependent manner. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:1113-1123. [PMID: 34259316 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) is a semi-synthetic derivative and the main active metabolite of artemisinin. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of DHA on the ulcerative colitis (UC) in both in vivo and in vitro models. Weight, survival rate, colon length, and Disease Activity Index score were used to evaluate the severity of colitis. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to detect the expressions of cytokines interleukin (IL)-1, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The expressions of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and the phosphorylation of JAK2 (p-JAK2) and STAT3 (p-STAT3), were measured by western blot analysis. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expressions of tight junction proteins. We found that the weights and colon lengths of mice in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)+DHA group were significantly lower and longer than those in the DSS group, respectively. Compared with those in the DSS group, the expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α in the DSS+DHA and DSS+5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) groups were decreased, while the expressions of IL-4 and IL-10 were significantly upregulated. DHA largely increased the expressions of zonula occludens-1 and occludin. Western blot analysis and/or immunohistochemical staining analysis showed that the expressions of JAK2, STAT3, p-JAK2, and p-STAT3 in DSS+DHA and DSS+5-ASA groups were significantly lower than those in DSS group. DHA has a specific therapeutic effect on UC. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of DHA is related to the blockage of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. These findings provide evidence that DHA may be a useful drug and is expected to become a promising new treatment for human UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, General Surgery Institute of Yangzhou, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | | | - Yichao Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Yangzhou Clinical Medical School, Nanjing Medical University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Liuhua Wang
- Department of General Surgery, General Surgery Institute of Yangzhou, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Yuzhe He
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Qiannan Sun
- Department of General Surgery, General Surgery Institute of Yangzhou, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Xiaolan You
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Sujun Gao
- Department of General Surgery, General Surgery Institute of Yangzhou, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Dong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, General Surgery Institute of Yangzhou, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Daorong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, General Surgery Institute of Yangzhou, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
- Yangzhou Clinical Medical School, Nanjing Medical University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, China
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Marzorati M, Calatayud M, Rotsaert C, Van Mele M, Duysburgh C, Durkee S, White T, Fowler K, Jannin V, Bellamine A. Comparison of protection and release behavior of different capsule polymer combinations based on L. acidophilus survivability and function and caffeine release. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:120977. [PMID: 34384885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oral administration of active pharmaceutical ingredients, nutraceuticals, enzymes or probiotics requires an appropriate delivery system for optimal bioactivity and absorption. The harsh conditions during the gastrointestinal transit can degrade the administered products, hampering their efficacy. Enteric or delayed-release pharmaceutical formulations may help overcome these issues. In a Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem model (SHIME) and using caffeine as a marker for release kinetics and L. acidophilus survivability as an indicator for protection, we compared the performance of ten capsule configurations, single or DUOCAP® combinations. The function of L. acidophilus and its impact on the gut microbiota was further tested in three selected capsule types, combinations of DRcaps® capsule in DRcaps® capsule (DR-in-DR) and DRcaps® capsule in Vcaps® capsule (DR-in-VC) and single Vcaps® Plus capsule under colonic conditions. We found that under stomach and small intestine conditions, DR-in-DR and DR-in-VC led to the best performance both under fed and fasted conditions based on the slow caffeine release and the highest L. acidophilus survivability. The Vcaps® Plus capsule however, led to the quickest caffeine and probiotic release. When DR-in-DR, DR-in-VC and single Vcaps® Plus capsules were tested through the whole gastrointestinal tract, including under colonic conditions, caffeine release was found to be slower in capsules containing DRcaps® capsules compared to the single Vcaps® capsules. In addition, colonic survival of L. acidophilus was significantly increased under fasted conditions in DR-in-DR or DR-in-VC formulation compared to Vcaps® Plus capsule. To assess the impact of these formulations on the microbial function, acetate, butyrate and propionate as well as ammonia were measured. L. acidophilus released from DR-in-DR or DR-in-VC induced a significant increase in butyrate and a decrease in ammonia, suggesting a proliferation of butyrate-producing bacteria and reduction in ammonia-producing bacteria. These data suggest that L. acidophilus included in DR-in-DR or DR-in-VC reaching the colon is viable and functional, potentially contributing to changes in colonic microbiota composition and diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Marzorati
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; ProDigest bvba, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marta Calatayud
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; ProDigest bvba, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Shane Durkee
- Capsules and Health Ingredients Lonza Inc, 412, Morristown, NJ, USA
| | - Tyler White
- Capsules and Health Ingredients Lonza Inc, 412, Morristown, NJ, USA
| | - Kelli Fowler
- Capsules and Health Ingredients Lonza Inc, 412, Morristown, NJ, USA
| | - Vincent Jannin
- Lonza Capsules and Health Ingredients, 10 rue Timken, 68000 Colmar, France.
| | - Aouatef Bellamine
- Capsules and Health Ingredients Lonza Inc, 412, Morristown, NJ, USA.
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42
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McCoubrey LE, Elbadawi M, Orlu M, Gaisford S, Basit AW. Machine Learning Uncovers Adverse Drug Effects on Intestinal Bacteria. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1026. [PMID: 34371718 PMCID: PMC8308984 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome, composed of trillions of microorganisms, plays an essential role in human health. Many factors shape gut microbiome composition over the life span, including changes to diet, lifestyle, and medication use. Though not routinely tested during drug development, drugs can exert profound effects on the gut microbiome, potentially altering its functions and promoting disease. This study develops a machine learning (ML) model to predict whether drugs will impair the growth of 40 gut bacterial strains. Trained on over 18,600 drug-bacteria interactions, 13 distinct ML models are built and compared, including tree-based, ensemble, and artificial neural network techniques. Following hyperparameter tuning and multi-metric evaluation, a lead ML model is selected: a tuned extra trees algorithm with performances of AUROC: 0.857 (±0.014), recall: 0.587 (±0.063), precision: 0.800 (±0.053), and f1: 0.666 (±0.042). This model can be used by the pharmaceutical industry during drug development and could even be adapted for use in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Abdul W. Basit
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (L.E.M.); (M.E.); (M.O.); (S.G.)
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Pham VT, Calatayud M, Rotsaert C, Seifert N, Richard N, Van den Abbeele P, Marzorati M, Steinert RE. Antioxidant Vitamins and Prebiotic FOS and XOS Differentially Shift Microbiota Composition and Function and Improve Intestinal Epithelial Barrier In Vitro. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041125. [PMID: 33805552 PMCID: PMC8066074 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human gut microbiota (HGM) play a significant role in health and disease. Dietary components, including fiber, fat, proteins and micronutrients, can modulate HGM. Much research has been performed on conventional prebiotics such as fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and galactooligosaccharides (GOS), however, novel prebiotics or micronutrients still require further validation. We assessed the effect of FOS, xylooligosaccharides (XOS) and a mixture of an antioxidant vitamin blend (AOB) on gut microbiota composition and activity, and intestinal barrier in vitro. We used batch fermentations and tested the short-term effect of different products on microbial activity in six donors. Next, fecal inocula from two donors were used to inoculate the simulator of the human microbial ecosystem (SHIME) and after long-term exposure of FOS, XOS and AOB, microbial activity (short- and branched-chain fatty acids and lactate) and HGM composition were evaluated. Finally, in vitro assessment of intestinal barrier was performed in a Transwell setup of differentiated Caco-2 and HT29-MTX-E12 cells exposed to fermentation supernatants. Despite some donor-dependent differences, all three tested products showed beneficial modulatory effects on microbial activity represented by an increase in lactate and SCFA levels (acetate, butyrate and to a lesser extent also propionate), while decreasing proteolytic markers. Bifidogenic effect of XOS was consistent, while AOB supplementation appears to exert a specific impact on reducing F. nucleatum and increasing butyrate-producing B. wexlerae. Functional and compositional microbial changes were translated to an in vitro host response by increases of the intestinal barrier integrity by all the products and a decrease of the redox potential by AOB supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van T. Pham
- R&D Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (N.S.); (N.R.); (R.E.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-618-158-828
| | - Marta Calatayud
- ProDigest BV, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (M.C.); (C.R.); (P.V.d.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Chloë Rotsaert
- ProDigest BV, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (M.C.); (C.R.); (P.V.d.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Nicole Seifert
- R&D Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (N.S.); (N.R.); (R.E.S.)
| | - Nathalie Richard
- R&D Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (N.S.); (N.R.); (R.E.S.)
| | - Pieter Van den Abbeele
- ProDigest BV, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (M.C.); (C.R.); (P.V.d.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Massimo Marzorati
- ProDigest BV, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (M.C.); (C.R.); (P.V.d.A.); (M.M.)
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robert E. Steinert
- R&D Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (N.S.); (N.R.); (R.E.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Division of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
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Impact of gastrointestinal tract variability on oral drug absorption and pharmacokinetics: An UNGAP review. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 162:105812. [PMID: 33753215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The absorption of oral drugs is frequently plagued by significant variability with potentially serious therapeutic consequences. The source of variability can be traced back to interindividual variability in physiology, differences in special populations (age- and disease-dependent), drug and formulation properties, or food-drug interactions. Clinical evidence for the impact of some of these factors on drug pharmacokinetic variability is mounting: e.g. gastric pH and emptying time, small intestinal fluid properties, differences in pediatrics and the elderly, and surgical changes in gastrointestinal anatomy. However, the link of colonic factors variability (transit time, fluid composition, microbiome), sex differences (male vs. female) and gut-related diseases (chronic constipation, anorexia and cachexia) to drug absorption variability has not been firmly established yet. At the same time, a way to decrease oral drug pharmacokinetic variability is provided by the pharmaceutical industry: clinical evidence suggests that formulation approaches employed during drug development can decrease the variability in oral exposure. This review outlines the main drivers of oral drug exposure variability and potential approaches to overcome them, while highlighting existing knowledge gaps and guiding future studies in this area.
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Van den Abbeele P, Sprenger N, Ghyselinck J, Marsaux B, Marzorati M, Rochat F. A Comparison of the In Vitro Effects of 2'Fucosyllactose and Lactose on the Composition and Activity of Gut Microbiota from Infants and Toddlers. Nutrients 2021; 13:726. [PMID: 33668823 PMCID: PMC7996240 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the recognized health benefits of breast milk, it is recommended as the sole nutrition source during the first 6 months of life. Among the bioactive components are human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) that exert part of their activity via the gut microbiota. Here, we investigated the gut microbiota fermentation of HMO 2'fucosyllactose (2'-FL), using two in vitro models (48 h fecal incubations and the long-term mucosal simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem [M-SHIME®]) with fecal samples from 3-month-old breastfed (BF) infants as well as 2-3 year old toddlers. The short-term model allowed the screening of five donors for each group and provided supportive data for the M-SHIME® study. A key finding was the strong and immediate increase in the relative abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae following 2'-FL fermentation by both the BF infant and toddler microbiota in the M-SHIME®. At the metabolic level, while decreasing branched-chain fatty acids, 2'-FL strongly increased acetate production together with increases in the health-related propionate and butyrate whilst gas production only mildly increased. Notably, consistently lower gas production was observed with 2'-FL fermentation as compared to lactose, suggesting that reduced discomfort during the dynamic microbiome establishment in early life may be an advantage along with the bifidogenic effect observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Norbert Sprenger
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-Chez-Les-Blanc, CH-1000 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Jonas Ghyselinck
- ProDigest, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (P.V.d.A.); (J.G.); (B.M.)
| | - Benoît Marsaux
- ProDigest, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (P.V.d.A.); (J.G.); (B.M.)
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Massimo Marzorati
- ProDigest, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (P.V.d.A.); (J.G.); (B.M.)
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Florence Rochat
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-Chez-Les-Blanc, CH-1000 Lausanne, Switzerland;
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46
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Liu C, Wu H, Fan H. Progress in understanding of mechanism of dietary therapy for ulcerative colitis with regard to intestinal microbiota. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2021; 29:146-151. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v29.i3.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis is closely related to the complex interaction between heredity, environment, and intestinal microbiota. Intestinal dysbiosis is not only the cause of ulcerative colitis, but also the pathological result of ulcerative colitis. Dietary therapies have been found to modulate the microbiota to alter the effects of environmental factors on ulcerative colitis. Dietary pattern is related to the pathogenesis, development, and prognosis of ulcerative colitis, and the role of diet in ulcerative colitis has attracted more and more attention. This article reviews the mechanisms by which dietary therapy treats ulcerative colitis with regard to regulating the brain-gut functional axis, regulating the immune function, and protecting the intestinal mucosal barrier by modulating intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Heng Fan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
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47
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McCoubrey LE, Elbadawi M, Orlu M, Gaisford S, Basit AW. Harnessing machine learning for development of microbiome therapeutics. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1-20. [PMID: 33522391 PMCID: PMC7872042 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1872323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The last twenty years of seminal microbiome research has uncovered microbiota's intrinsic relationship with human health. Studies elucidating the relationship between an unbalanced microbiome and disease are currently published daily. As such, microbiome big data have become a reality that provide a mine of information for the development of new therapeutics. Machine learning (ML), a branch of artificial intelligence, offers powerful techniques for big data analysis and prediction-making, that are out of reach of human intellect alone. This review will explore how ML can be applied for the development of microbiome-targeted therapeutics. A background on ML will be given, followed by a guide on where to find reliable microbiome big data. Existing applications and opportunities will be discussed, including the use of ML to discover, design, and characterize microbiome therapeutics. The use of ML to optimize advanced processes, such as 3D printing and in silico prediction of drug-microbiome interactions, will also be highlighted. Finally, barriers to adoption of ML in academic and industrial settings will be examined, concluded by a future outlook for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moe Elbadawi
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mine Orlu
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Simon Gaisford
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
- FabRx Ltd., Ashford, Kent, UK
| | - Abdul W. Basit
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
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48
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Dodoo CC, Stapleton P, Basit AW, Gaisford S. The potential of Streptococcus salivarius oral films in the management of dental caries: An inkjet printing approach. Int J Pharm 2020; 591:119962. [PMID: 33049357 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of probiotics, which can be administered in oro-dispersible films (ODFs) and have prolonged activity in the mouth, was explored. ODFs made of xylitol and containing Streptococcus salivarius were formulated using inkjet printing and tested against Streptococcus mutans - a causative organism of dental caries. The testing of the prepared ODFs involved co-incubating an ink-jetted formulation of S. salivarius and xylitol with S. mutans and monitoring the microbial growth kinetics in real-time using isothermal microcalorimetry and colony plate counts. Cell-free supernatants (CFS) of S. salivarius were also tested against S. mutans. The phosphate solubilisation potential of S. salivarius was also determined and found to be negative, an indication that the species will not deplete phosphate from teeth. From the tests, it was observed that the formulation reduced the S. mutans population from 7.9 to 5.04 Log CFU/mL post-calorimetry (approximately 3 Log reduction) which was comparable to the 99.9% reduction expected during antimicrobial activity testing. A gradual decrease in S. mutans population was also observed with increasing of CFS of S. salivarius volumes indicative of pathogen suppression. This study demonstrates that S. salivarius can be useful in managing dental caries and ODFs of S. salivarius can be formulated easily using ink-jetting for such management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius C Dodoo
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
| | - Paul Stapleton
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Abdul W Basit
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Simon Gaisford
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
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49
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Coombes Z, Yadav V, E. McCoubrey L, Freire C, W. Basit A, Conlan RS, Gonzalez D. Progestogens Are Metabolized by the Gut Microbiota: Implications for Colonic Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12080760. [PMID: 32806503 PMCID: PMC7464400 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12080760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Following oral administration, the bioavailability of progestogens is very low and highly variable, in part due to metabolism by cytochrome P450 enzymes found in the mucosa of the small intestine. Conversely, the mucosa in the colon contains much lower levels of cytochrome P450 enzymes, thus, colonic delivery of progestogens may be beneficial. Microbiota in the colon are known to metabolize a great number of drugs, therefore, it is important to understand the stability of these hormones in the presence of colonic flora before developing formulations. The aim of this study was to investigate the stability of three progestogens: progesterone, and its two synthetic analogues, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and levonorgestrel (LNG), in the presence of human colonic microbiota. Progesterone, MPA, and LNG were incubated in mixed fecal inoculum (simulated human colonic fluid) under anerobic conditions. Progesterone was completely degraded after 2 h, whereas levels of MPA and LNG were still detectable after 24 h. The half-lives of progesterone, MPA, and LNG in fecal inoculum were 28, 644, and 240 min, respectively. This study describes the kinetics of colonic microbial metabolism of these hormones for the first time. MPA and LNG show promise for delivery to the colon, potentially improving pharmacokinetics over current oral delivery methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Coombes
- Institute of Life Science 2, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton, Swansea SA28PP, UK;
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (A.W.B.); (D.G.); Tel.: +44-1792-295384 (Z.C.); +44-1792-602339 (A.W.B.); +44-2077-535865 (D.G.)
| | - Vipul Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, WC1N 1AX, UK; (V.Y.); (L.E.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Laura E. McCoubrey
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, WC1N 1AX, UK; (V.Y.); (L.E.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Cristina Freire
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, WC1N 1AX, UK; (V.Y.); (L.E.M.); (C.F.)
- Kuecept Limited, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 1TL, UK
| | - Abdul W. Basit
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, WC1N 1AX, UK; (V.Y.); (L.E.M.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (A.W.B.); (D.G.); Tel.: +44-1792-295384 (Z.C.); +44-1792-602339 (A.W.B.); +44-2077-535865 (D.G.)
| | - R. Steven Conlan
- Institute of Life Science 2, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton, Swansea SA28PP, UK;
| | - Deyarina Gonzalez
- Institute of Life Science 2, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton, Swansea SA28PP, UK;
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (A.W.B.); (D.G.); Tel.: +44-1792-295384 (Z.C.); +44-1792-602339 (A.W.B.); +44-2077-535865 (D.G.)
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