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Yang Y, Zhong B, Zhang W, Fan W. The impact of social comparison on self-deception: An event-related potentials study. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2024; 24:931-947. [PMID: 39042281 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-024-01203-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Self-deception refers to an individual holding inflated beliefs about their abilities, and it plays a crucial role in human behavior and decision-making. The present study employed event-related potentials (ERPs) technique to explore the neural responses to the impacts of social comparison direction and comparison gap on self-deceptive behavior. They were instructed to predict their performance in the forward-looking paradigm. Behavioral responses and neural reactions during the decision-making process were documented. The behavioral results indicated that, in contrast to the downward comparison condition, participants engaged in upward comparison exhibited more occurrences of self-deception. However, within the context of upward comparison, participants demonstrated a higher frequency of self-deception in the large gap condition compared with the small gap condition. The ERP results showed that induced self-deception under conditions with a large comparative gap between participants and their paired counterparts stimulated larger P300 and smaller N400 amplitude than under conditions with a small gap. However, when participants were in the upward comparison situation, the late positive potential (LPP) amplitude induced by self-deception behavior in the condition of a large comparison gap between participants and paired opponents was larger than that in the condition of a small comparison gap. These results indicated that individuals in the large gap group feel strong unfairness and negative emotions. More importantly, the self-deception induced by the large gap group in the upward comparison situation used fewer cognitive resources than the small gap condition, whereas the individuals in the downward comparison situation did not show the difference in cognitive resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Psychology, School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lu Shan Road, Yue Lu Dist, Changsha, 410081, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cognition and Human Behavior, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Bowei Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cognition and Human Behavior, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Department of Early Childhood Education, School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Psychology, School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lu Shan Road, Yue Lu Dist, Changsha, 410081, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cognition and Human Behavior, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
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2
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Schnuerch R, Schmuck J, Gibbons H. Cortical oscillations and event-related brain potentials during the preparation and execution of deceptive behavior. Psychophysiology 2024:e14695. [PMID: 39342454 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Deception often occurs in response to a preceding cue (e.g., a precarious question) alerting us about the need to subsequently lie. Here, we simulate this process by adapting a previously established paradigm of intentionally false responding, now instructing participants about the need for deception (vs. truthful responses) by means of a simple cue occurring before each response-relevant target. We analyzed event-related brain potentials (ERPs) as well as cortical oscillations recorded from the scalp. In an experimental study (N = 44), we show that a cue signaling the need for deception involves increased attentional selection (P2, P3a, P3b). Moreover, in the period following the cue and leading up to the target, ERP and oscillatory signatures of anticipation and preparation (Contingent Negative Variation, alpha suppression) were found to be increased during trials requiring a deceptive as compared to a truthful response. Additionally, we replicated earlier findings that target processing involves enhanced motivated attention toward words requiring a deceptive response (LPC). Moreover, a signature of integration effort and semantic inhibition (N400) was observed to be larger for words to which responses have to be intentionally false as compared to those to which responses must be truthful. Our findings support the view of the involvement of a series of basic cognitive processes (especially attention and cognitive control) when responses are deliberately wrong instead of right. Moreover, preceding cues signaling the subsequent need for lying already elicit attentional and preparatory mechanisms facilitating the cognitive operations necessary for later successful lying.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonas Schmuck
- Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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3
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Sai L, Cheng J, Shang S, Fu G, Verschuere B. Does deception involve more cognitive control than truth-telling? Meta-analyses of N2 and MFN ERP studies. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14333. [PMID: 37194343 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A number of psychological theories propose that deception involves more cognitive control than truth-telling. Over the last decades, event-related potentials (ERPs) have been used to unravel this question, but the findings are mixed. To address this controversy, two meta-analyses were conducted to quantify the results of existing studies reporting N2 or medial frontal negativity (MFN) associated with deception. In total, 32 papers consisting of 1091 participants were included, which yielded 32 effect sizes for N2 and 7 effect sizes for MFN. We found that deception was associated with a more negative N2 and MFN than truth-telling with medium and large effect sizes (r = .25 and .51, respectively). We also found that the deception paradigm modulated the results (p = .043), but found no evidence for publication bias. Our findings indicate that deception involves more cognitive control than truth-telling. Our review also identifies gaps in this literature, including a need for more ERP studies using spontaneous deception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Sai
- Zhejiang Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory for Research in Early Development and Childcare, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Psychology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Cheng
- Zhejiang Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory for Research in Early Development and Childcare, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Psychology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siyuan Shang
- Department of Psychology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Genyue Fu
- Zhejiang Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory for Research in Early Development and Childcare, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Psychology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bruno Verschuere
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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Zhuravlev M, Novikov M, Parsamyan R, Selskii A, Runnova A. The Objective Assessment of Event-Related Potentials: An Influence of Chronic Pain on ERP Parameters. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:1105-1116. [PMID: 36813952 PMCID: PMC10313590 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01035-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The article presents an original method for the automatic assessment of the quality of event-related potentials (ERPs), based on the calculation of the coefficient ε, which describes the compliance of recorded ERPs with some statistically significant parameters. This method was used to analyze the neuropsychological EEG monitoring of patients suffering from migraines. The frequency of migraine attacks was correlated with the spatial distribution of the coefficients ε, calculated for EEG channels. More than 15 migraine attacks per month was accompanied by an increase in calculated values in the occipital region. Patients with infrequent migraines exhibited maximum quality in the frontal areas. The automatic analysis of spatial maps of the coefficient ε demonstrated a statistically significant difference between the two analyzed groups with different means of migraine attack numbers per month.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Zhuravlev
- Coordinating Center for Fundamental Research, National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Moscow, 101000, Russia.
- Institute of Physics, Saratov State University, Saratov, 410012, Russia.
| | - Mikhail Novikov
- Department of Fundamental Research in Neurocardiology, Institute of Cardiological Research, Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - Ruzanna Parsamyan
- Department of Fundamental Research in Neurocardiology, Institute of Cardiological Research, Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - Anton Selskii
- Institute of Physics, Saratov State University, Saratov, 410012, Russia
- Department of Fundamental Research in Neurocardiology, Institute of Cardiological Research, Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - Anastasiya Runnova
- Coordinating Center for Fundamental Research, National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Moscow, 101000, Russia
- Department of Fundamental Research in Neurocardiology, Institute of Cardiological Research, Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, 410012, Russia
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5
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Li W, Huang B, Song Y, Hou L, Shi W. Altered neural mechanisms of deception in individuals with autistic traits. Brain Cogn 2023; 170:106005. [PMID: 37320929 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2023.106005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A successful deception involves making a decision, acting on it, and evaluating results. Here, we investigated deception in a non-clinical sample (n = 36) with varying autism traits using a coin-toss paradigm of active deception. The subjects were asked to react to the instructions by clicking one of the two boxes that could mislead their opponents, followed by feedback on their success or failure. During this reaction, their EEG activity was recorded, and the results suggested that people with high autistic traits exhibited longer reaction times and lower amplitude of P3 in the decision-making stage compared to individuals with low autistic traits. The feedback evaluation stage in the high autistic trait group elicited lower amplitude of FRN and P3. Overall, these results indicated that people with high autistic traits experienced difficulties in deceiving, which could be related to atypical neural mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Li
- School of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Bowen Huang
- School of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Youming Song
- Department of Psychology, College of Education Science, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China
| | - Lulu Hou
- School of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Wendian Shi
- School of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200000, China.
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6
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Wu J, Huang J, Li J, Chen X, Xiao Y. The role of conflict processing mechanism in deception responses. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18300. [PMID: 36316417 PMCID: PMC9622869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21569-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A considerable number of studies have described the potential neural mechanism of deception, but most deception studies have relied upon deception from experimental supervisor instruction. Experimental control (participants follow instructions to deceive without any risk) means that the deception occurs in a way that does not come close to the real deception. In the current study, a neural imaging experiment on deception closer to the real deception was conducted. Event-related potential (ERP) and event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) techniques were used to explore the neural mechanism of deception. The results showed that deceptive response evoked larger medial-frontal negativity (MFN) and smaller response-locked positivity (RLP) than truthful response. We interpret these findings to indicate that conflict detection and emotional processing are associated with deception. In addition, magnitudes of alpha and beta oscillations after the deceptive response were significantly smaller than those after the truthful response, demonstrating that deception is associated with neural oscillations reflecting conflict adjustment. The results comprehensively characterized the physiological properties of the brain oscillations elicited by a deceptive response and provided a theoretical foundation for detection in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Wu
- Beijing Machine and Equipment Institute, Beijing, 100854 China ,grid.418516.f0000 0004 1791 7464National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094 China
| | - Jie Huang
- grid.414351.60000 0004 0530 7044Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, 100096 China
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- Beijing Machine and Equipment Institute, Beijing, 100854 China
| | - Xianglin Chen
- grid.43555.320000 0000 8841 6246Beijing Institute of Information Technology, Beijing, 100094 China
| | - Yi Xiao
- grid.418516.f0000 0004 1791 7464National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094 China
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7
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Mei D, Ke Z, Li Z, Zhang W, Gao D, Yin L. Self-deception: Distorted metacognitive process in ambiguous contexts. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 44:948-969. [PMID: 36308407 PMCID: PMC9875939 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the commonly used folk psychological concepts, self-deception has been intensively discussed yet is short of solid ground from cognitive neuroscience. Self-deception is a biased cognitive process of information to obtain or maintain a false belief that could be both self-enhancing or self-diminishing. Study 1 (N = 152) captured self-deception by adopting a modified numerical discrimination task that provided cheating opportunities, quantifying errors in predicting future performance (via item-response theory model), and measuring the belief of how good they are at solving the task (i.e., self-efficacy belief). By examining whether self-efficacy belief is based upon actual ability (true belief) or prediction errors (false belief), Study 1 showed that self-deception occurred in the effortless (easier access to answer cues) rather than effortful (harder access to answer cues) cheating opportunity conditions, suggesting high ambiguity in attributions facilitates self-deception. Studies 2 and 3 probed the neural source of self-deception, linking self-deception with the metacognitive process. Both studies replicated behavioral results from Study 1. Study 2 (ERP study; N = 55) found that the amplitude of frontal slow wave significantly differed between participants with positive/self-enhancing and negative/self-diminishing self-deceiving tendencies in incorrect predictions while remaining similar in correct predictions. Study 3 (functional magnetic resonance imaging study; N = 33) identified self-deceiving associated activity in the anterior medial prefrontal cortex and showed that effortless cheating context increased cheating behaviors that further facilitated self-deception. Our findings suggest self-deception is a false belief associated with a distorted metacognitive mental process that requires ambiguity in attributions of behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Mei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Mental Health, and Department of PsychologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina,School of PsychologyGuizhou Normal UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Zijun Ke
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Mental Health, and Department of PsychologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhihao Li
- School of Psychology and Sociology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive ScienceShenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Wenjian Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Mental Health, and Department of PsychologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Dingguo Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Mental Health, and Department of PsychologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Lijun Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Mental Health, and Department of PsychologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
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8
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Zhang Y, Mai X. 欺骗的认知神经网络模型. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2022. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2021-0963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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9
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Yang X, Li L, Li R. Foreign Language Effect on Dishonesty. Front Psychol 2021; 12:633016. [PMID: 34777079 PMCID: PMC8581617 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.633016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the use of foreign languages affects individuals’ dishonesty. We recruited native Chinese speakers who can speak English as a foreign language at universities in China, and they were randomly assigned to a native language (NL) or foreign language (FL) condition. Participants in each condition were required to finish the same tasks, in which they would benefit more from lying; the tasks were administered in either Chinese or English. We conducted one die-roll game in Study 1 and one cheap-talk sender-receiver game in Study 2. In both Study 1 and Study 2, we found that the proportion of lying was significantly lower in the FL condition than in the NL condition. Our results imply that the FL effect on dishonesty may be due to the cognitive load of communicating in a FL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Yang
- School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Economics and Finance, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Liang J, Ruan QN, Fu KK, Chen YH, Yan WJ. The Effect of Task-Irrelevant Emotional Valence on Limited Attentional Resources During Deception: An ERPs Study. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:698877. [PMID: 34690669 PMCID: PMC8528177 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.698877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Deception is a complex and cognitively draining dyadic process that simultaneously involves cognitive and emotional processes, both of which demand/capture attentional resources. However, few studies have investigated the allocation of attentional resources between cognitive and emotional processes during deception. The current study presented facial expressions of different valences to 36 participants. While an electroencephalogram was recording, they were asked to make either truthful or deceptive gender judgments according to preceding cues. The results showed that deceptive responses induced smaller P300 amplitudes than did truthful responses. Task-irrelevant negative emotional information (TiN) elicited larger P300 amplitudes than did task-irrelevant positive emotional information (TiP). Furthermore, the results showed that TiN elicited larger LPP amplitudes than did TiP in deceptive responses, but not in truthful ones. The results suggested that attentional resources were directed away to deception-related cognitive processes and TiN, but not TiP, was consistently able to compete for and obtain attentional resources during deception. The results indicated that TiN could disrupt with deception and may facilitate deception detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liang
- School of Educational Science, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | | | - Ke-Ke Fu
- School of Education and Psychology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Yu-Hsin Chen
- College of Liberal Arts, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jing Yan
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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11
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Hein FE, Leue A. Concealing Untrustworthiness: The Role of Conflict Monitoring in a Social Deception Task. Front Psychol 2021; 12:718334. [PMID: 34489824 PMCID: PMC8417705 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.718334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Deception studies emphasize the important role of event-related potentials (ERPs) to uncover deceptive behavior based on underlying neuro-cognitive processes. The role of conflict monitoring as indicated by the frontal N2 component during truthful and deceptive responses was investigated in an adapted Concealed Information Test (CIT). Previously memorized pictures of faces should either be indicated as truthfully trustworthy, truthfully untrustworthy or trustworthy while concealing the actual untrustworthiness (untrustworthy-probe). Mean, baseline-to-peak and peak-to-peak amplitudes were calculated to examine the robustness of ERP findings across varying quantification techniques. Data of 30 participants (15 female; age: M = 23.73 years, SD = 4.09) revealed longer response times and lower correct rates for deceptive compared to truthful trustworthy responses. The frontal N2 amplitude was more negative for untrustworthy-probe and truthful untrustworthy compared to truthful trustworthy stimuli when measured as mean or baseline-to-peak amplitude. Results suggest that deception evokes conflict monitoring and ERP quantifications are differentially sensitive to a-priori hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fee-Elisabeth Hein
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anja Leue
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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12
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Waliszewska-Prosół M, Bladowska J, Budrewicz S, Sąsiadek M, Dziadkowiak E, Ejma M. The evaluation of Hashimoto's thyroiditis with event-related potentials and magnetic resonance spectroscopy and its relation to cognitive function. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2480. [PMID: 33510336 PMCID: PMC7843607 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82281-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid dysfunction is very often accompanied by cognitive and affective disorders. The frequency of these disorders in patients with compensated Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is unknown. The aim of the present study was to evaluate brain dysfunction in euthyroid HT patients by means of event-related potentials (ERP) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and to correlate it with cognitive function. 68 patients with HT (59 female, 9 male) and 45 healthy controls were included in the study. All the patients underwent ERP including an analysis of N200 and P300 response parameters. MRS voxels were located in the posterior cingulate gyrus (PCG) and the left parietal white matter (PWM). The NAA/Cr, mI/Cr, and Cho/Cr ratios were analysed. The ERP parameters, MRS metabolite ratios and hormonal concentrations (TSH, fT3, fT4) as well as TGAb and TPOAb titer were also correlated. There was a significant prolongation of the latencies of N200 and P300 potentials and a significant decrease of P300 amplitude in HT patients than in the control group. There was a significant positive correlation between the mI/Cr ratio in the PCG area and P300 latencies. NAA/Cr ratio in the PCG region showed significant negative correlations with all N200 latencies. The results may suggest brain dysfunction in neurologically asymptomatic HT patients. ERPs undergo significant changes in patients with HT and may, in combination with MRS, constitute an important element in the recognition and monitoring of cognitive functions in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Bladowska
- Department of General Radiology, Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Marek Sąsiadek
- Department of General Radiology, Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Dziadkowiak
- Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maria Ejma
- Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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13
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Kleene V, Lang-Keller N, Steffen M, Dreismann V, Leue A. Reliability of the N2-component in a modified 3-stimulus concealed information test: On the importance of excellent measurement accuracy. Biol Psychol 2021; 159:108026. [PMID: 33460780 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Research on deception focused on the investigation of event-related potentials (ERP) to facilitate our knowledge on cognitive-motivational processes underlying deception. We investigated the reliability of the frontal N2 amplitude in a modified Concealed Information Test (CIT) (N = 64 participants). Variations of Cronbach's Alpha coefficients were examined for number of epochs per stimulus type, task modality and types of ERP quantification. Cronbach's Alpha coefficients of the N2 increased with the number of epochs across task modality, stimulus types and electrode positions. In a pictorial CIT, the frontal N2 indicated excellent Cronbach's Alpha coefficients (≥ 0.90) across electrode positions and quantification methods for 25 epochs per stimulus type. At least 15 epochs were necessary to achieve excellent Cronbach's Alpha coefficients (≥ 0.90) of the peak-to-peak N2 in a modified CIT across electrode positions and stimulus types. We provide best-practice advises for the necessity to assess N2 in a modified CIT with excellent reliability.
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Scheuble V, Beauducel A. Cognitive processes during deception about attitudes revisited: a replication study. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2020; 15:839-848. [PMID: 32820342 PMCID: PMC7543939 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Event-related potential (ERP) studies about deception often apply recognition tasks. It remains questionable whether reported ERP patterns and cognitive processes can be generalized to other contexts. As the study by Johnson et al. (2008) fills this gap by investigating deception regarding attitudes, we tried to replicate it. Participants (N = 99) were instructed to lie or tell the truth about their attitudes. We obtained the same results as Johnson et al. (2008): lies were accompanied by enhanced medial frontal negativities (MFN) and suppressed late positive components (LPCs) indicating that lying relied on stronger cognitive control processes and response conflicts than being honest. The amplitudes of pre-response positivities (PRP) were reduced for lies implying that lies about attitudes were accompanied by strategic monitoring. MFN amplitudes increased and LPC amplitudes decreased for lies about positively valued items revealing that lying about positively valued items is cognitively more challenging than lying about negatively valued items. As a new finding, MFN, LPC and PRP components were neither moderated by Machiavellianism nor by changes in the attitude ratings. The results indicate that LPC, MFN and PRP components are reliable indicators of the cognitive processes used during deception and that it is worthwhile to investigate them in further deception contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Scheuble
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - A Beauducel
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
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15
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Wagner-Altendorf TA, van der Lugt AH, Banfield JF, Meyer C, Rohrbach C, Heldmann M, Münte TF. The Electrocortical Signature of Successful and Unsuccessful Deception in a Face-to-Face Social Interaction. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:277. [PMID: 32765242 PMCID: PMC7379373 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deceptive behavior, and the evaluation of others' behavior as truthful or deceptive, are crucial aspects of human social interaction. We report a study investigating two participants in a social interaction, performing a deception task. The first participant, the "informant," made true or false autobiographical statements. The second participant, the "detective," then classified these statements as truth or lie. Behavioral data showed that detectives performed slightly above chance and were better at correctly identifying true as compared with deceptive statements. This presumably reflects the "truth bias": the finding that individuals are more likely to classify others' statements as truthful than as deceptive - even when informed that a lie is as likely to be told as the truth. Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded from the informant. Event-related potential (ERP) analysis revealed a smaller contingent negative variation (CNV) preceding "convincing" statements (statements classified as true by the detective) compared to "unconvincing" statements (statements classified as lie by the detective) - irrespective of whether the statements were actually truthful or deceptive. This finding suggests a distinct electrocortical signature of "successful" compared to "unsuccessful" deceptive statements. One possible explanation is that the pronounced CNV indicates the individuals' higher "cognitive load" when processing unconvincing statements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arie H van der Lugt
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jane F Banfield
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Carsten Meyer
- Department of Neuropsychology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Caterina Rohrbach
- Department of Neuropsychology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Heldmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thomas F Münte
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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16
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Fan W, Ren M, Zhang W, Xiao P, Zhong Y. Higher Self-Control, Less Deception: The Effect of Self-Control on Deception Behaviors. Adv Cogn Psychol 2020; 16:228-241. [PMID: 33088367 PMCID: PMC7562985 DOI: 10.5709/acp-0299-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The self-control ability and self-control resources have a different influence on deception, but the cognition mechanism of this different influence has not been described yet. In this study, the event-related potentials (ERPs) technique was utilized to conduct two experiments exploring the effects of self-control ability and self-control resources on deception from two approaches. In Experiment 1, participants with different levels of self-control ability performed a visual perception task to measure deception and deception tendencies. The results revealed that individuals with low self-control ability exhibited more deceptive behaviors than did individuals with high self-control ability. Furthermore, individuals with high self-control ability evoked larger N2 and smaller P3 amplitudes than did individuals with low self-control ability. Experiment 2 involved selecting individuals with medium self-control ability. The Stroop task and a visual perception task were employed to investigate the influence of self-control resources on deception. The results showed that the depletion of self-control resources facilitated smaller N2 and larger P3 amplitudes than did non-depletion of self-control resources. In conclusion, these results suggest that individuals with high self-control ability are less likely to deceive others in order to obtain more benefits. When individuals have sufficient self-control resources, they resist temptation and reduce deception behaviors. Deception and deception tendencies may be more likely in people with low of self-control and whose self-control resources are depleted. In people with moderate self-control, deception was still regulated by self-depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fan
- Department of Psychology, School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Mengmeng Ren
- Department of Psychology, School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
- Department of Preschool Education, School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Pengxiang Xiao
- Department of Psychology, School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yiping Zhong
- Department of Psychology, School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
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17
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A Concealed Information Test System Based on Functional Brain Connectivity and Signal Entropy of Audio–Visual ERP. IEEE Trans Cogn Dev Syst 2020. [DOI: 10.1109/tcds.2020.2991359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Hurtubise J, Baher T, Messa I, Cutler L, Shahein A, Hastings M, Carignan-Querqui M, Erdodi LA. Verbal fluency and digit span variables as performance validity indicators in experimentally induced malingering and real world patients with TBI. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-CHILD 2020; 9:337-354. [DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2020.1719409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tabarak Baher
- Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada
| | - Isabelle Messa
- Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada
| | - Laura Cutler
- Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada
| | - Ayman Shahein
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | | | | | - Laszlo A. Erdodi
- Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada
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19
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Scheuble V, Beauducel A. Individual differences in ERPs during deception: Observing vs. demonstrating behavior leading to a small social conflict. Biol Psychol 2020; 150:107830. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.107830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Wang H, Song Z, Shi R, Mei Y, Liu C. How expertise congruency effect matters in celebrity/brand endorsements: Electrophysiological time course evidence. Neurosci Lett 2019; 712:134436. [PMID: 31479725 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Celebrity/brand endorsement is omnipresent and has great influence on consumers. In the current study, the event-related potentials (ERPs) were utilized to explore the neural process underlying how expertise congruency effect matters in ads. Twenty-five participants (two excluded) were recruited to accept or refuse the brands (stimulus 2) endorsed by celebrities (stimulus 1) during a S1-S2 paradigm. Behavioral results indicated significant differences in the acceptance rates and reaction time, while ERPs component provided further insight into the cognitive processing: early conflicted perception and later memory recollection process. The results of ERPs showed that, when the celebrity is an athlete star, presenting a sport brand (AS, expertise congruity) triggered a less negative N2 and a larger LPP component compared to a leisure brand (AL, expertise incongruity) but not different with singer star (SS and SL, expertise neutrality). We suggested the N2 may reflect the conflict process of celebrity-brand, while the LPP may demonstrate the recollection process of expertise association in memory. Such findings implied that a more fluent processing (smaller N2 and larger LPP) and prominent performances could be obtained in an expertise congruity scenario, which deepened our understanding of expertise congruency effect in advertising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- School of Economics and Management, Yanshan University, No. 438, Heibei Road, Qinhuagndao, 066004, China
| | - Zjijie Song
- School of Economics and Management, Yanshan University, No. 438, Heibei Road, Qinhuagndao, 066004, China.
| | - Rui Shi
- School of Economics and Management, Yanshan University, No. 438, Heibei Road, Qinhuagndao, 066004, China
| | - Yupeng Mei
- School of Economics and Management, Yanshan University, No. 438, Heibei Road, Qinhuagndao, 066004, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Economics and Management, Yanshan University, No. 438, Heibei Road, Qinhuagndao, 066004, China
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21
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Leue A, Beauducel A. A meta-analysis of the P3 amplitude in tasks requiring deception in legal and social contexts. Brain Cogn 2019; 135:103564. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Sauerland M, Wolfs ACF, Crans S, Verschuere B. Testing a potential alternative to traditional identification procedures: Reaction time-based concealed information test does not work for lineups with cooperative witnesses. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2019; 83:1210-1222. [PMID: 29181584 PMCID: PMC6647190 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-017-0948-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Direct eyewitness identification is widely used, but prone to error. We tested the validity of indirect eyewitness identification decisions using the reaction time-based concealed information test (CIT) for assessing cooperative eyewitnesses' face memory as an alternative to traditional lineup procedures. In a series of five experiments, a total of 401 mock eyewitnesses watched one of 11 different stimulus events that depicted a breach of law. Eyewitness identifications in the CIT were derived from longer reaction times as compared to well-matched foil faces not encountered before. Across the five experiments, the weighted mean effect size d was 0.14 (95% CI 0.08-0.19). The reaction time-based CIT seems unsuited for testing cooperative eyewitnesses' memory for faces. The careful matching of the faces required for a fair lineup or the lack of intent to deceive may have hampered the diagnosticity of the reaction time-based CIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Sauerland
- Section Forensic Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Andrea C F Wolfs
- Section Forensic Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Samantha Crans
- Section Forensic Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Verschuere
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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23
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Abstract
The goal of the present experiment was to examine the effect of certain (deceptive) strategies (e.g., false denial) on memory. Specifically, participants were shown a traumatic virtual reality (VR) video of an airplane crash. Following this, participants (N= 94) received questions concerning details from the VR scene in a baseline memory task. Then, participants could choose from 3 options how to cope in response to having experienced the VR scene: tell the truth, falsely deny, or fabricate. The majority opted to tell the truth (n = 81). A subsample of truth tellers were instructed to falsely deny having seen certain details. One week later, all participants received a source monitoring task in which they were asked (1) whether they remembered talking about these details during an interview, and (2) whether they remembered seeing certain details during the VR experience the week before. Participants had to tell the truth during this task. Participants who were instructed to falsely deny showed impaired memory for presented details that had previously been discussed (i.e., denial-induced forgetting) and seen in the VR scene. Also, the presentation of certain details in the baseline memory task seemed to inoculate participants who were instructed to falsely deny from experiencing memory impairment. The current experiment suggests that false denials can have adverse ramifications for memory for what is discussed and seen.
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24
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Internal cost of spontaneous deception revealed by ERPs and EEG spectral perturbations. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5402. [PMID: 30931993 PMCID: PMC6443694 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41962-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abundant literature has studied the behavioral and neural correlates of deception, but little research has focused on the internal cost of spontaneous deception. In the present study, the event-related potential and event-related spectral perturbations techniques were used to measure the internal cost of spontaneous deception by having participants perform a sender–receiver task in which they decided whether to send deceptive messages to increase their payoff from the task. Several important main findings emerged from this study. We observed a reward positivity (RewP) after senders sent the message, suggesting an integration of reward with associated cost after response in our task. Furthermore, spontaneous deception decreased the amplitude of the RewP and power in the delta and beta bands, whereas it increased the amplitude of power in the theta band, indicating that deception carried an internal cost that devalued individuals’ rewards.
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25
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Wolff A, Gomez-Pilar J, Nakao T, Northoff G. Interindividual neural differences in moral decision-making are mediated by alpha power and delta/theta phase coherence. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4432. [PMID: 30872647 PMCID: PMC6418194 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40743-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As technology in Artificial Intelligence has developed, the question of how to program driverless cars to respond to an emergency has arisen. It was recently shown that approval of the consequential behavior of driverless cars varied with the number of lives saved and showed interindividual differences, with approval increasing alongside the number of lives saved. In the present study, interindividual differences in individualized moral decision-making at both the behavioral and neural level were investigated using EEG. It was found that alpha event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) and delta/theta phase-locking - intertrial coherence (ITC) and phase-locking value (PLV) - play a central role in mediating interindividual differences in Moral decision-making. In addition, very late alpha activity differences between individualized and shared stimuli, and delta/theta ITC, where shown to be closely related to reaction time and subjectively perceived emotional distress. This demonstrates that interindividual differences in Moral decision-making are mediated neuronally by various markers - late alpha ERSP, and delta/theta ITC - as well as psychologically by reaction time and perceived emotional distress. Our data show, for the first time, how and according to which neuronal and behavioral measures interindividual differences in Moral dilemmas can be measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Wolff
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Javier Gomez-Pilar
- Biomedical Engineering Group, Higher Technical School of Telecommunications Engineering, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Takashi Nakao
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Georg Northoff
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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26
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Functional Connectivity Pattern Analysis Underlying Neural Oscillation Synchronization during Deception. Neural Plast 2019; 2019:2684821. [PMID: 30906317 PMCID: PMC6393932 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2684821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To characterize system cognitive processes during deception, event-related coherence was computed to investigate the functional connectivity among brain regions underlying neural oscillation synchronization. In this study, 15 participants were randomly assigned to honesty or deception groups and were instructed to tell the truth or lie when facing certain stimuli. Meanwhile, event-related potential signals were recorded using a 64-channel electroencephalography cap. Event-related coherence was computed separately in four frequency bands (delta (1-3.5 Hz), theta (4-7 Hz), alpha (8-13 Hz), and beta (14-30 HZ)) for the long-range intrahemispheric electrode pairs (F3P3, F4P4, F3T7, F4T8, F3O1, and F4O2). The results indicated that deceptive responses elicited greater connectivities in the frontoparietal and frontotemporal networks than in the frontooccipital network. Furthermore, the deception group displayed lower values of coherence in the frontoparietal electrode pairs in the alpha and beta bands than the honesty group. In particular, increased coherence in the delta and theta bands on specific left frontoparietal electrode pairs was observed. Additionally, the deception group exhibited higher values of coherence in the delta band and lower values of coherence in the beta band on the frontotemporal electrode pairs than did the honesty group. These data indicated that the active cognitive processes during deception include changes in ensemble activities between the frontal and parietal/temporal regions.
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27
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Leng H, Wang Y, Li Q, Yang L, Sun Y. Sophisticated Deception in Junior Middle School Students: An ERP Study. Front Psychol 2019; 9:2675. [PMID: 30687155 PMCID: PMC6336891 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sophisticated deception refers to the deception of others based on inferences of their mental states (e.g., answering honestly when inferring that the other will not believe their answer). Studying the brain mechanism of sophisticated deception in junior middle school students can provide physiological evidence for deception detection and deceptive ability measurement. Sixteen junior middle school students were asked to engage in different trial types (i.e., instructed truth/lie and chosen truth/lie), during which we recorded their response times (RT) along with electroencephalographic data to calculate event-related potentials (ERPs). We observed significant differences in amplitude [N2, P3, N450, and medial frontal negativity (MFN)] between chosen reactions (sophisticated deception and simple deception) and instructed reactions (instructed truth and instructed lie) in both the stimulus presentation and feedback stages. In the former, the task scores of participants in the chosen condition were significantly and positively correlated with the N2 amplitude over the central brain area during sophisticated deception. In the latter, the task scores of participants in the chosen condition were negatively correlated with the MFN amplitude over the left frontal and left frontocentral regions. Overall, deception intention, rather than simply making counterfactual statements, appears to underlie the increased demand for cognitive control in deceivers. This can be attributed to deceivers' need to strongly consider their opponent's mental state-the better the deceivers' deceptive ability, the more they will make conjectures about the mental state of their opponent with sophisticated deception and monitor conflict; the less conflict they experience while answering honestly with the intention to deceive, the more conflict may arise when the results of their deception are inconsistent with these conjectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhou Leng
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Yanrong Wang
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Qian Li
- Xingtai Special Education School, Xingtai, China
| | - Lizhu Yang
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Sun
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
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28
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Romeo T, Otgaar H, Smeets T, Landström S, Jelicic M. The memory‐impairing effects of simulated amnesia for a mock crime. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.3508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tameka Romeo
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Forensic Psychology SectionMaastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands
- University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Henry Otgaar
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Forensic Psychology SectionMaastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands
- Leuven Institute of CriminologyCatholic University of Leuven Belgium
| | - Tom Smeets
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Forensic Psychology SectionMaastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands
| | | | - Marko Jelicic
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Forensic Psychology SectionMaastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands
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29
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Suchotzki K, Berlijn A, Donath M, Gamer M. Testing the applied potential of the Sheffield Lie Test. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2018; 191:281-288. [PMID: 30391807 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sheffield Lie Test (SLT) has been frequently used in laboratory research investigating basic mechanisms of deception. Its applied potential as a lie detection tool has been contested. The current two experiments used a reaction time SLT and investigated whether it can discriminate between participants who committed a mock crime and participants who performed an everyday activity. Results of the first experiment revealed that guilty participants (n = 32) took longer and committed more errors when having to deceptively deny the mock crime and deceptively confirm having performed the everyday activity in contrast to truthfully admitting the mock crime and denying the everyday activity. Innocent participants (n = 29) showed the reversed pattern. Individual Cohen's d's and the area under the ROC curve revealed a high above chance discrimination between both groups. In a second experiment, we repeated this procedure, yet participants were now given a more elaborate explanation of the alibi activity that all should pretend to have done. Although results still revealed the expected pattern in innocent participants (n = 48), the effect was not significant any more for the guilty participants (n = 46). Accordingly, classification accuracies also dropped. These two experiments demonstrate the applied potential of the SLT, yet at the same time its severe limitations. Potential solutions and suggestions for future research will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Suchotzki
- Department of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Marcusstr. 9-11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Adam Berlijn
- Department of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Marcusstr. 9-11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Melina Donath
- Department of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Marcusstr. 9-11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Gamer
- Department of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Marcusstr. 9-11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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30
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Electrophysiological markers of working memory usage as an index for truth-based lies. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 18:1089-1104. [PMID: 30022430 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-018-0624-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
People prefer to lie using altered truthful events from memory, perhaps because doing so can increase their credibility while reducing cognitive and working memory (WM) load. One possible way to counter such deceptive behavior is to track WM usage, since fabricating coherent lies or managing between truth and lies is likely to involve heavy WM load. In this study, participants memorized a list of words in the study session and used these old words to provide deceptive answers when cued later, in the testing session. Our behavioral results showed that people needed more time to make a deceptive response during the execution stage, and this prolonged deceptive reaction time (RT) was negatively correlated with each participant's WM capacity. Event-related potential findings showed a more negative-going frontal amplitude between the lie and truth conditions during the preparation stage, suggesting that WM preparatory processes can be detected long before a deceptive response is verbalized. Furthermore, we observed a larger positive frontal-central amplitude during the execution stage, which was negatively correlated with participants' lie-truth RT differences, suggesting that participants' efficiency in producing deceptive responses can be readily traced electrophysiologically. Together, these findings suggest that WM capacity and preparation are crucial to efficient lying and that their related electrophysiological signatures can potentially be used to uncover deceptive behaviors.
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31
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Sai L, Wu H, Hu X, Fu G. Telling a truth to deceive: Examining executive control and reward-related processes underlying interpersonal deception. Brain Cogn 2018; 125:149-156. [PMID: 29990705 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Does deception necessarily involve false statements that are incompatible with the truth? In some cases, people choose truthful statements in order to mislead others. This type of deception has been investigated less. The current study employed event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to investigate the neurocognitive processes when both truthful and false statements were used to deceive others. We focused our ERP analysis on two stages: a decision making stage during which participants decided whether to tell a false or a truthful statement, and an outcome evaluation stage during which participants evaluated whether their deception had succeeded or not. Results showed that in the decision making stage, intentions to deceive elicited larger N200s and smaller P300s than an honest control condition. During the outcome evaluation stage, success/failure feedback in the deception condition elicited larger Reward positivity (RewP) and feedback-P300 than feedback after honest responses. Importantly, whether participants chose to tell false or true statements, did not further modulate executive control or reward-related processes. Taken together, these results suggest that during interpersonal deception, having deceptive intentions engages executive control and reward-related processes regardless of the veracity of statements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Sai
- Institute of Psychological Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- Department of Psychology, The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Genyue Fu
- Institute of Psychological Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
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32
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Matsuda I, Nittono H. A concealment-specific frontal negative slow wave is generated from the right prefrontal cortex in the Concealed Information Test. Biol Psychol 2018; 135:194-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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33
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Wang C, Li Y, Luo X, Ma Q, Fu W, Fu H. The Effects of Money on Fake Rating Behavior in E-Commerce: Electrophysiological Time Course Evidence From Consumers. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:156. [PMID: 29615851 PMCID: PMC5867349 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Online ratings impose significant effects on the behaviors of potential customers. Thus, online merchants try to adopt strategies that affect this rating behavior, and most of these strategies are connected to money, such as the strategies of returning cash coupons if a consumer gives a five-star rating (RI strategy, an acronym for “returning” and “if”) or returning cash coupons directly with no additional requirements (RN strategy, an acronym for “returning” and “no”). The current study explored whether a certain strategy (RN or RI) was more likely to give rise to false rating behaviors, as assessed by event-related potentials. A two-stimulus paradigm was used in this experiment. The first stimulus (S1) was the picture of a product with four Chinese characters that reflected the product quality (slightly defective vs. seriously defective vs. not defective), and the second stimulus (S2) displayed the coupon strategy (RN or RI). The participants were asked to decide whether or not to give a five-star rating. The behavioral results showed that the RI strategy led to a higher rate of five-star ratings than the RN strategy. For the electrophysiological time courses, the N1, N2, and LPP components were evaluated. The slightly defective products elicited a larger amplitude of the N1 component than the seriously defective and not-defective products, reflecting that perceptual difficulty was associated with the processing of the slightly defective products. The RI strategy evoked a less negative N2 and a more positive LPP than the RN strategy, indicating that the subjects perceived less conflict and experienced stronger incentives when processing the RI strategy. These findings will benefit future studies of fake online comments and provide evidence supporting the policy of forbidding the use of the RI strategy in e-commerce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Wang
- School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Process Optimization and Intelligent Decision-Making, Hefei University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,Academy of Neuroeconomics and Neuromanagement, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yun Li
- School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Process Optimization and Intelligent Decision-Making, Hefei University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Xuan Luo
- School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Process Optimization and Intelligent Decision-Making, Hefei University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Qingguo Ma
- Academy of Neuroeconomics and Neuromanagement, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Business School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Institute of Neural Management Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weizhong Fu
- School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Process Optimization and Intelligent Decision-Making, Hefei University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Huijian Fu
- School of Management, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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34
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Gibbons H, Schnuerch R, Wittinghofer C, Armbrecht AS, Stahl J. Detection of deception: Event-related potential markers of attention and cognitive control during intentional false responses. Psychophysiology 2017; 55:e13047. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jutta Stahl
- Department of Psychology; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
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35
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Bond GD, Holman RD, Eggert JAL, Speller LF, Garcia ON, Mejia SC, Mcinnes KW, Ceniceros EC, Rustige R. ‘Lyin' Ted’, ‘Crooked Hillary’, and ‘Deceptive Donald’: Language of Lies in the 2016 US Presidential Debates. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.3376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary D. Bond
- Department of Psychology; Eastern New Mexico University; Portales USA
| | - Rebecka D. Holman
- Department of Psychology; Eastern New Mexico University; Portales USA
| | | | | | - Olivia N. Garcia
- Department of Psychology; Eastern New Mexico University; Portales USA
| | - Sasha C. Mejia
- Department of Psychology; Eastern New Mexico University; Portales USA
| | - Kohlby W. Mcinnes
- Department of Psychology; Eastern New Mexico University; Portales USA
| | | | - Rebecca Rustige
- Department of Psychology; Eastern New Mexico University; Portales USA
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36
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Fu H, Qiu W, Ma H, Ma Q. Neurocognitive mechanisms underlying deceptive hazard evaluation: An event-related potentials investigation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182892. [PMID: 28793344 PMCID: PMC5549904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Deceptive behavior is common in human social interactions. Researchers have been trying to uncover the cognitive process and neural basis underlying deception due to its theoretical and practical significance. We used Event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate the neural correlates of deception when the participants completed a hazard judgment task. Pictures conveying or not conveying hazard information were presented to the participants who were then requested to discriminate the hazard content (safe or hazardous) and make a response corresponding to the cues (truthful or deceptive). Behavioral and electrophysiological data were recorded during the entire experiment. Results showed that deceptive responses, compared to truthful responses, were associated with longer reaction time (RT), lower accuracy, increased N2 and reduced late positive potential (LPP), suggesting a cognitively more demanding process to respond deceptively. The decrement in LPP correlated negatively with the increment in RT for deceptive relative to truthful responses, regardless of hazard content. In addition, hazardous information evoked larger N1 and P300 than safe information, reflecting an early processing bias and a later evaluative categorization process based on motivational significance, respectively. Finally, the interaction between honesty (truthful/deceptive) and safety (safe/hazardous) on accuracy and LPP indicated that deceptive responses towards safe information required more effort than deceptive responses towards hazardous information. Overall, these results demonstrate the neurocognitive substrates underlying deception about hazard information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijian Fu
- School of Management, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Managerial Psychology and Behavior, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwei Qiu
- School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiying Ma
- School of Management, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Managerial Psychology and Behavior, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingguo Ma
- Institute of Neural Management Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Neuromanagement Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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37
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Gao JF, Yang Y, Huang WT, Lin P, Ge S, Zheng HM, Gu LY, Zhou H, Li CH, Rao NN. Exploring time- and frequency- dependent functional connectivity and brain networks during deception with single-trial event-related potentials. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37065. [PMID: 27833159 PMCID: PMC5105133 DOI: 10.1038/srep37065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To better characterize the cognitive processes and mechanisms that are associated with deception, wavelet coherence was employed to evaluate functional connectivity between different brain regions. Two groups of subjects were evaluated for this purpose: 32 participants were required to either tell the truth or to lie when facing certain stimuli, and their electroencephalogram signals on 12 electrodes were recorded. The experimental results revealed that deceptive responses elicited greater connectivity strength than truthful responses, particularly in the θ band on specific electrode pairs primarily involving connections between the prefrontal/frontal and central regions and between the prefrontal/frontal and left parietal regions. These results indicate that these brain regions play an important role in executing lying responses. Additionally, three time- and frequency-dependent functional connectivity networks were proposed to thoroughly reflect the functional coupling of brain regions that occurs during lying. Furthermore, the wavelet coherence values for the connections shown in the networks were extracted as features for support vector machine training. High classification accuracy suggested that the proposed network effectively characterized differences in functional connectivity between the two groups of subjects over a specific time-frequency area and hence could be a sensitive measurement for identifying deception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Laboratory of Membrane Ion Channels and Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboatory of Medical Information Analysis & Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Yang
- School of Information Technology, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, China
| | - Wen-tao Huang
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Oceanographic Big Data Mining & Application of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Pan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Sheng Ge
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong-mei Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboatory of Medical Information Analysis & Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Wuhan, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling-yun Gu
- Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Laboratory of Membrane Ion Channels and Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Laboratory of Membrane Ion Channels and Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen-hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Laboratory of Membrane Ion Channels and Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboatory of Medical Information Analysis & Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Wuhan, China
| | - Ni-ni Rao
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Ganis G, Bridges D, Hsu CW, Schendan HE. Is anterior N2 enhancement a reliable electrophysiological index of concealed information? Neuroimage 2016; 143:152-165. [PMID: 27570109 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Concealed information tests (CITs) are used to determine whether an individual possesses information about an item of interest. Event-related potential (ERP) measures in CITs have focused almost exclusively on the P3b component, showing that this component is larger when lying about the item of interest (probe) than telling the truth about control items (irrelevants). Recent studies have begun to examine other ERP components, such as the anterior N2, with mixed results. A seminal CIT study found that visual probes elicit a larger anterior N2 than irrelevants (Gamer and Berti, 2010) and suggested that this component indexes cognitive control processes engaged when lying about probes. However, this study did not control for potential intrinsic differences among the stimuli: the same probe and irrelevants were used for all participants, and there was no control condition composed of uninformed participants. Here, first we show that the N2 effect found in the study by Gamer and Berti (2010) was in large part due to stimulus differences, as the effect observed in a concealed information condition was comparable to that found in two matched control conditions without any concealed information (Experiments 1 and 2). Next, we addressed the issue of the generality of the N2 findings by counterbalancing a new set of stimuli across participants and by using a control condition with uninformed participants (Experiment 3). Results show that the probe did not elicit a larger anterior N2 than the irrelevants under these controlled conditions. These findings suggest that caution should be taken in using the N2 as an index of concealed information in CITs. Furthermore, they are a reminder that results of CIT studies (not only with ERPs) performed without stimulus counterbalancing and suitable control conditions may be confounded by differential intrinsic properties of the stimuli employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Ganis
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK; Cognition Institute, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
| | - David Bridges
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK; Cognition Institute, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Chun-Wei Hsu
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK; Cognition Institute, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Haline E Schendan
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK; Cognition Institute, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
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39
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Foerster A, Wirth R, Kunde W, Pfister R. The dishonest mind set in sequence. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2016; 81:878-899. [DOI: 10.1007/s00426-016-0780-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Meijer EH, Verschuere B, Gamer M, Merckelbach H, Ben-Shakhar G. Deception detection with behavioral, autonomic, and neural measures: Conceptual and methodological considerations that warrant modesty. Psychophysiology 2016; 53:593-604. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewout H. Meijer
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science; Maastricht University; Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Verschuere
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science; Maastricht University; Maastricht The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Psychology; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Gamer
- Department of Psychology; University of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - Harald Merckelbach
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science; Maastricht University; Maastricht The Netherlands
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41
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Fenn E, McGuire M, Langben S, Blandón-Gitlin I. A reverse order interview does not aid deception detection regarding intentions. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1298. [PMID: 26379610 PMCID: PMC4553365 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Promising recent research suggests that more cognitively demanding interviews improve deception detection accuracy. Would these cognitively demanding techniques work in the same way when discriminating between true and false future intentions? In Experiment 1 participants planned to complete a task, but instead were intercepted and interviewed about their intentions. Participants lied or told the truth, and were subjected to high (reverse order) or low (sequential order) cognitive load interviews. Third-party observers watched these interviews and indicated whether they thought the person was lying or telling the truth. Subjecting participants to a reverse compared to sequential interview increased the misidentification rate and the appearance of cognitive load in truth tellers. People lying about false intentions were not better identified. In Experiment 2, a second set of third-party observers rated behavioral cues. Consistent with Experiment 1, truth tellers, but not liars, exhibited more behaviors associated with lying and fewer behaviors associated with truth telling in the reverse than sequential interview. Together these results suggest that certain cognitively demanding interviews may be less useful when interviewing to detect false intentions. Explaining a true intention while under higher cognitive demand places truth tellers at risk of being misclassified. There may be such a thing as too much cognitive load induced by certain techniques
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Fenn
- Department of Psychology, Claremont Graduate University Claremont, CA, USA ; Department of Psychology, California State University Fullerton Fullerton, CA, USA ; Department of Psychology, Northridge CA, USA
| | - Mollie McGuire
- Department of Psychology, Claremont Graduate University Claremont, CA, USA
| | - Sara Langben
- Department of Psychology, Claremont Graduate University Claremont, CA, USA ; Department of Student Affairs Information Systems, University of California Riverside Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Iris Blandón-Gitlin
- Department of Psychology, California State University Fullerton Fullerton, CA, USA
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