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Szalanczy AM, Sherrill C, Fanning KM, Hart B, Caudell D, Davis AW, Whitfield J, Kavanagh K. A Novel TGFβ Receptor Inhibitor, IPW-5371, Prevents Diet-induced Hepatic Steatosis and Insulin Resistance in Irradiated Mice. Radiat Res 2024; 202:1-10. [PMID: 38772553 DOI: 10.1667/rade-23-00202.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
As the number of cancer survivors increases and the risk of accidental radiation exposure rises, there is a pressing need to characterize the delayed effects of radiation exposure and develop medical countermeasures. Radiation has been shown to damage adipose progenitor cells and increase liver fibrosis, such that it predisposes patients to developing metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and insulin resistance. The risk of developing these conditions is compounded by the global rise of diets rich in carbohydrates and fats. Radiation persistently increases the signaling cascade of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), leading to heightened fibrosis as characteristic of the delayed effects of radiation exposure. We investigate here a potential radiation medical countermeasure, IPW-5371, a small molecule inhibitor of TGFβRI kinase (ALK5). We found that mice exposed to sub-lethal whole-body irradiation and chronic Western diet consumption but treated with IPW-5371 had a similar body weight, food consumption, and fat mass compared to control mice exposed to radiation. The IPW-5371 treated mice maintained lower fibrosis and fat accumulation in the liver, were more responsive to insulin and had lower circulating triglycerides and better muscle endurance. Future studies are needed to verify the improvement by IPW-5371 on the structure and function of other metabolically active tissues such as adipose and skeletal muscle, but these data demonstrate that IPW-5371 protects liver and whole-body health in rodents exposed to radiation and a Western diet, and there may be promise in using IPW-5371 to prevent the development of MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria M Szalanczy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Chrissy Sherrill
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Katherine M Fanning
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Barry Hart
- Innovation Pathways, Palo Alto, California
| | - David Caudell
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Ashley W Davis
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jordyn Whitfield
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Kylie Kavanagh
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- College of Health and Medicine, University o f Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
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Gabriela R, Vera V, Pavel R, Helena R, Igor S, Marie D, Marketa M, Alena MF, Ales T. Discovering the Radiation Biomarkers in the Plasma of Total-Body Irradiated Leukemia Patients. Radiat Res 2024; 201:418-428. [PMID: 38315067 DOI: 10.1667/rade-23-00137.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The increased risk of acute large-scale radiological exposure for the world's population underlines the need for optimal radiation biomarkers. Ionizing radiation triggers a complex response by the genome, proteome, and metabolome, all of which have been reported as suitable indicators of radiation-induced damage in vivo. This study analyzed peripheral blood samples from total-body irradiation (TBI) leukemia patients through mass spectrometry (MS) to identify and quantify differentially regulated proteins in plasma before and after irradiation. In brief, samples were taken from 16 leukemic patients prior to and 24 h after TBI (2 × 2.0 Gy), processed with Tandem Mass Tag isobaric labelling kit (TMTpro-16-plex), and analyzed by MS. In parallel, label-free relative quantification was performed with a RP-nanoLC-ESI-MS/MS system in a Q-Exactive mass spectrometer. Protein identification was done in Proteome Discoverer v.2.2 platform (Thermo). Data is available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD043516. Using two different methods, we acquired two datasets of up-regulated (ratio ≥ 1.2) or down-regulated (ratio ≤ 0.83) plasmatic proteins 24 h after irradiation, identifying 356 and 346 proteins in the TMT-16plex and 285 and 308 label-free analyses, respectively (P ≤ 0.05). Combining the two datasets yielded 15 candidates with significant relation to gamma-radiation exposure. The majority of these proteins were associated with the inflammatory response and lipid metabolism. Subsequently, from these, five proteins showed the strongest potential as radiation biomarkers in humans (C-reactive protein, Alpha amylase 1A, Mannose-binding protein C, Phospholipid transfer protein, and Complement C5). These candidate biomarkers might have implications for practical biological dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rydlova Gabriela
- Department of Radiobiology
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Hradec Králové, Czech Republic, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Rehulkova Helena
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Sirak Igor
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy and 4th Department of Internal Medicine - Haematology, University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Davidkova Marie
- Department of Radiation Dosimetry, Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Markova Marketa
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, University Hospital Na Bulovce, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Myslivcova-Fucikova Alena
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Hradec Králové, Czech Republic, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Molinar-Inglis O, DiCarlo AL, Lapinskas PJ, Rios CI, Satyamitra MM, Silverman TA, Winters TA, Cassatt DR. Radiation-induced multi-organ injury. Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:486-504. [PMID: 38166195 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2295298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Natural history studies have been informative in dissecting radiation injury, isolating its effects, and compartmentalizing injury based on the extent of exposure and the elapsed time post-irradiation. Although radiation injury models are useful for investigating the mechanism of action in isolated subsyndromes and development of medical countermeasures (MCMs), it is clear that ionizing radiation exposure leads to multi-organ injury (MOI). METHODS The Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program within the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases partnered with the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority to convene a virtual two-day meeting titled 'Radiation-Induced Multi-Organ Injury' on June 7-8, 2022. Invited subject matter experts presented their research findings in MOI, including study of mechanisms and possible MCMs to address complex radiation-induced injuries. RESULTS This workshop report summarizes key information from each presentation and discussion by the speakers and audience participants. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the mechanisms that lead to radiation-induced MOI is critical to advancing candidate MCMs that could mitigate the injury and reduce associated morbidity and mortality. The observation that some of these mechanisms associated with MOI include systemic injuries, such as inflammation and vascular damage, suggests that MCMs that address systemic pathways could be effective against multiple organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Molinar-Inglis
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Andrea L DiCarlo
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Paula J Lapinskas
- Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response (ASPR), Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Washington, DC, USA
| | - Carmen I Rios
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Merriline M Satyamitra
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Toby A Silverman
- Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response (ASPR), Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Washington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas A Winters
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - David R Cassatt
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
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Schaaf GW, Justice JN, Quillen EE, Cline JM. Resilience, aging, and response to radiation exposure (RARRE) in nonhuman primates: a resource review. GeroScience 2023; 45:3371-3379. [PMID: 37188889 PMCID: PMC10643677 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00812-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wake Forest nonhuman primate (NHP) Radiation Late Effects Cohort (RLEC) is a unique and irreplaceable population of aging NHP radiation survivors which serves the nation's need to understand the late effects of radiation exposure. Over the past 16 years, Wake Forest has evaluated > 250 previously irradiated rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) that were exposed to single total body irradiation (IR) doses of 1.14-8.5 Gy or to partial body exposures of up to 10 Gy (5% bone marrow sparing) or 10.75 Gy (whole thorax). Though primarily used to examine IR effects on disease-specific processes or to develop radiation countermeasures, this resource provides insights on resilience across physiologic systems and its relationship with biological aging. Exposure to IR has well documented deleterious effects on health, but the late effects of IR are highly variable. Some animals exhibit multimorbidity and accumulated health deficits, whereas others remain relatively resilient years after exposure to total body IR. This provides an opportunity to evaluate biological aging at the nexus of resilient/vulnerable responses to a stressor. Consideration of inter-individual differences in response to this stressor can inform individualized strategies to manage late effects of radiation exposure, and provide insight into mechanisms underlying systemic resilience and aging. The utility of this cohort for age-related research questions was summarized at the 2022 Trans-NIH Geroscience Interest Group's Workshop on Animal Models for Geroscience. We present a brief review of radiation injury and its relationship to aging and resilience in NHPs with a focus on the RLEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- George W Schaaf
- Department of Pathology, Section On Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Jamie N Justice
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section On Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, and Stich Center for Health Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ellen E Quillen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section On Molecular Medicine, and Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - J Mark Cline
- Department of Pathology, Section On Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Chakraborty N, Holmes-Hampton GP, Gautam A, Kumar R, Hritzo B, Legesse B, Dimitrov G, Ghosh SP, Hammamieh R. Early to sustained impacts of lethal radiation on circulating miRNAs in a minipig model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18496. [PMID: 37898651 PMCID: PMC10613244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis of lethal radiation is imperative since its intervention time windows are considerably short. Hence, ideal diagnostic candidates of radiation should be easily accessible, enable to inform about the stress history and objectively triage subjects in a time-efficient manner. Therefore, the small molecules such as metabolites and microRNAs (miRNAs) from plasma are legitimate biomarker candidate for lethal radiation. Our objectives were to comprehend the radiation-driven molecular pathogenesis and thereby determine biomarkers of translational potential. We investigated an established minipig model of LD70/45 total body irradiation (TBI). In this pilot study, plasma was collected pre-TBI and at multiple time points post-TBI. The majority of differentially expressed miRNAs and metabolites were perturbed immediately after TBI that potentially underlined the severity of its acute impact. The integrative network analysis of miRNA and metabolites showed a cohesive response; the early and consistent perturbations of networks were linked to cancer and the shift in musculoskeletal atrophy synchronized with the comorbidity-networks associated with inflammation and bioenergy synthesis. Subsequent comparative pipeline delivered 92 miRNAs, which demonstrated sequential homology between human and minipig, and potentially similar responses to lethal radiation across these two species. This panel promised to retrospectively inform the time since the radiation occurred; thereby could facilitate knowledge-driven interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabarun Chakraborty
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology, CMPN, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Gregory P Holmes-Hampton
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
| | - Aarti Gautam
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology, CMPN, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Raina Kumar
- The Geneva Foundation, US Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702-5010, USA
| | - Bernadette Hritzo
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
| | - Betre Legesse
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
| | - George Dimitrov
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology, CMPN, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- The Geneva Foundation, US Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702-5010, USA
| | - Sanchita P Ghosh
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA.
| | - Rasha Hammamieh
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology, CMPN, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
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Ruggiero AD, Vemuri R, DeStephanis D, Brock A, Block MR, Chou J, Das SK, Williams AG, Kavanagh K. Visceral adipose microbial and inflammatory signatures in metabolically healthy and unhealthy nonhuman primates. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:2543-2556. [PMID: 37614163 PMCID: PMC10783165 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is a key risk factor for metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, >10% of lean individuals meet MetS criteria. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) disproportionately contributes to inflammation and insulin resistance compared with subcutaneous fat depots. The primary aim of this study was to profile tissue microbiome components in VAT over a wide range of metabolic statuses in a highly clinically relevant model. METHODS VAT was profiled from nonhuman primates that naturally demonstrate four distinct health phenotypes despite consuming a healthy diet, namely metabolically healthy lean and obese and metabolically unhealthy lean and obese. RESULTS VAT biopsied from unhealthy lean and obese nonhuman primates demonstrated upregulation of immune signaling pathways, a tissue microbiome enriched in gram-negative bacteria including Pseudomonas, and deficiencies in anti-inflammatory adipose tissue M2 macrophages. VAT microbiomes were distinct from fecal microbiomes, and fecal microbiomes did not differ by metabolic health group, which was in contrast to the VAT bacterial communities. CONCLUSIONS Immune activation with gram-negative VAT microbial communities is a consistent feature in elevated MetS risk in both lean and obesity states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistaire D. Ruggiero
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ravichandra Vemuri
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Darla DeStephanis
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ashlynn Brock
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Masha R. Block
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jeff Chou
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Swapan K. Das
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Abigail G. Williams
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kylie Kavanagh
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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Ruggiero AD, Vemuri R, Blawas M, Long M, DeStephanis D, Williams AG, Chen H, Justice JN, Macauley SL, Day SM, Kavanagh K. Long-term dasatinib plus quercetin effects on aging outcomes and inflammation in nonhuman primates: implications for senolytic clinical trial design. GeroScience 2023; 45:2785-2803. [PMID: 37261678 PMCID: PMC10643765 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00830-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence increases with aging and results in secretion of pro-inflammatory factors that induce local and systemic tissue dysfunction. We conducted the first preclinical trial in a relevant middle-aged nonhuman primate (NHP) model to allow estimation of the main translatable effects of the senolytic combination dasatinib (D) and quercetin (Q), with and without caloric restriction (CR). A multi-systemic survey of age-related changes, including those on immune cells, adipose tissue, the microbiome, and biomarkers of systemic organ and metabolic health are reported. Age-, weight-, sex-, and glycemic control-matched NHPs (D + Q, n = 9; vehicle [VEH] n = 7) received two consecutive days of D + Q (5 mg/kg + 50 mg/kg) monthly for 6 months, where in month six, a 10% CR was implemented in both D + Q and VEH NHPs to induce equal weight reductions. D + Q reduced senescence marker gene expressions in adipose tissue and circulating PAI-1 and MMP-9. Improvements were observed in immune cell types with significant anti-inflammatory shifts and reductions in microbial translocation biomarkers, despite stable microbiomes. Blood urea nitrogen showed robust improvements with D + Q. CR resulted in significant positive body composition changes in both groups with further improvement in immune cell profiles and decreased GDF15 (p = 0.05), and the interaction of D + Q and CR dramatically reduced glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (p = 0.03). This work indicates that 6 months of intermittent D + Q exposure is safe and may combat inflammaging via immune benefits and improved intestinal barrier function. We also saw renal benefits, and with CR, improved metabolic health. These data are intended to provide direction for the design of larger controlled intervention trials in older patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistaire D Ruggiero
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ravichandra Vemuri
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Megan Blawas
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Masha Long
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Darla DeStephanis
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Abigail G Williams
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Haiying Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jamie N Justice
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Shannon L Macauley
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Steven M Day
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kylie Kavanagh
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
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Ruggiero AD, Davis MA, Davis AT, DeStephanis D, Williams AG, Vemuri R, Fanning KM, Sherrill C, Cline JM, Caudell DL, Kavanagh K. Delayed effects of radiation in adipose tissue reflect progenitor damage and not cellular senescence. GeroScience 2023; 45:507-521. [PMID: 36136223 PMCID: PMC9886706 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00660-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of many age-related diseases is linked to cellular senescence, a state of inflammation-inducing, irreversible cell cycle arrest. The consequences and mechanisms of age-associated cellular senescence are often studied using in vivo models of radiation exposure. However, it is unknown whether radiation induces persistent senescence, like that observed in ageing. We performed analogous studies in mice and monkeys, where young mice and rhesus macaques received sub-lethal doses of ionizing radiation and were observed for ~ 15% of their expected lifespan. Assessments of 8-hydroxy-2' -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SAβ-gal), and p16Ink4a and p21 were performed on mitotic and post-mitotic tissues - liver and adipose tissue - 6 months and 3 years post-exposure for the mice and monkeys, respectively. No elevations in 8-OHdG, SA-βgal staining, or p16 Ink4a or p21 gene or protein expression were found in mouse and monkey liver or adipose tissue compared to control animals. Despite no evidence of senescence, progenitor cell dysfunction persisted after radiation exposure, as indicated by lower in situ CD34+ adipose cells (p = 0.03), and deficient adipose stromal vascular cell proliferation (p < 0.05) and differentiation (p = 0.04) ex vivo. Our investigation cautions that employing radiation to study senescence-related processes should be limited to the acute post-exposure period and that stem cell damage likely underpins the dysfunction associated with delayed effects of radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistaire D Ruggiero
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 575 N. Patterson Ave, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Matthew A Davis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ashley T Davis
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 575 N. Patterson Ave, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Darla DeStephanis
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 575 N. Patterson Ave, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Abigail G Williams
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 575 N. Patterson Ave, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Ravichandra Vemuri
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 575 N. Patterson Ave, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Katherine M Fanning
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 575 N. Patterson Ave, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Chrissy Sherrill
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 575 N. Patterson Ave, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - J Mark Cline
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 575 N. Patterson Ave, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - David L Caudell
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 575 N. Patterson Ave, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Kylie Kavanagh
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 575 N. Patterson Ave, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
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Williams AG, Long M, Kavanagh K. Brief Communication: Histological Assessment of Nonhuman Primate Brown Adipose Tissue Highlights the Importance of Sympathetic Innervation. J Obes 2023; 2023:5651084. [PMID: 36714241 PMCID: PMC9879676 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5651084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to functionally analyze the correlation of key histological features in brown adipose tissue (BAT) with clinical metabolic traits in nonhuman primates. METHODS Axillary adipose tissue biopsies were collected from a metabolically diverse nonhuman primate cohort with clinical metabolism-related data. Expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31), cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 (COX IV), beta-3 adrenergic receptor (β3-AR), and adipose cell size were quantified by immunohistochemical analysis. Computed tomography scans were performed to assess body composition. RESULTS Tyrosine hydroxylase was negatively correlated with whole body fat mass as a percentage of body weight (p = 0.004) and was positively correlated with the density of UCP1 (p = 0.02), COX IV (p = 0.006), CD31 (p = 0.007), and cell density (p = 0.02) of the BAT samples. Beta-3 adrenergic receptor abundance had a weak positive correlation with COX IV (p = 0.04) in BAT but did not significantly correlate to UCP1 or TH expression in BAT. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight that there is a disparity in innervation provided to BAT based on body composition, as seen with the negative association between TH, a marker for innervation, and adiposity. These findings also support the importance of innervation in the functionality of BAT, as TH abundance not only supports leaner body composition but is also positively correlated with known structural elements in BAT (UCP1, COX IV, CD31, and cell density). Based on our observations, β3-AR abundance does not strongly drive these structural elements or TH, all of which are known to be important in the function of brown adipose tissue. In effect, while the role of other receptors, such as β2-AR, should be reviewed in BAT function, these results support the development of safe sympathetic nervous system stimulants to activate brown adipose tissue for obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail G. Williams
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Masha Long
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kylie Kavanagh
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Ruggiero AD, Vemuri R, Block M, DeStephanis D, Davis M, Chou J, Williams A, Brock A, Das SK, Kavanagh K. Macrophage Phenotypes and Gene Expression Patterns Are Unique in Naturally Occurring Metabolically Healthy Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12680. [PMID: 36293536 PMCID: PMC9604193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity impacts 650 million individuals globally, often co-occurring with metabolic syndrome. Though many obese individuals experience metabolic abnormalities (metabolically unhealthy obese [MUO]), ~30% do not (metabolically healthy obese [MHO]). Conversely, >10% of lean individuals are metabolically unhealthy (MUL). To evaluate the physiologic drivers of these phenotypes, a 44-animal African green monkey cohort was selected using metabolic syndrome risk criteria to represent these four clinically defined health groups. Body composition imaging and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SQ AT) biopsies were collected. Differences in adipocyte size, macrophage subtype distribution, gene expression, vascularity and fibrosis were analyzed using digital immunohistopathology, unbiased RNA-seq, endothelial CD31, and Masson’s trichrome staining, respectively. MHO AT demonstrated significant increases in M2 macrophages (p = 0.02) and upregulation of fatty acid oxidation-related terms and transcripts, including FABP7 (p = 0.01). MUO AT demonstrated downregulation of these factors and co-occurring upregulation of immune responses. These changes occurred without differences in AT distributions, adipocyte size, AT endothelial cells, collagen I deposition, or circulating cytokine levels. Without unhealthy diet consumption, healthy obesity is defined by an increased SQ AT M2/M1 macrophage ratio and lipid handling gene expression. We highlight M2 macrophages and fatty acid oxidation as targets for improving metabolic health with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistaire D. Ruggiero
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Ravichandra Vemuri
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Masha Block
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Darla DeStephanis
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Matthew Davis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Jeff Chou
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Abigail Williams
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Ashlynn Brock
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Swapan Kumar Das
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Kylie Kavanagh
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7000, Australia
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Total-Body Irradiation Is Associated With Increased Incidence of Mesenchymal Neoplasia in a Radiation Late Effects Cohort of Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022; 113:661-674. [PMID: 35361520 PMCID: PMC9250621 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer is a severe delayed effect of acute radiation exposure. Total-body irradiation has been associated with an increased risk of solid cancer and leukemia in Japanese atomic bomb survivors, and secondary malignancies, such as sarcoma, are a serious consequence of cancer radiation therapy. The radiation late effects cohort (RLEC) of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) is a unique resource of more than 200 animals for studying the long-term consequences of total-body irradiation in an animal model that closely resembles humans at the genetic and physiologic levels. METHODS AND MATERIALS Using clinical records, clinical imaging, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry, this retrospective study characterized the incidence of neoplasia in the RLEC. RESULTS Since 2007, 61 neoplasms in 44 of 239 irradiated animals were documented (18.4% of the irradiated population). Only 1 neoplasm was diagnosed among the 51 nonirradiated controls of the RLEC (2.0%). The most common malignancies in the RLEC were sarcomas (38.3% of diagnoses), which are rare neoplasms in nonirradiated macaques. The most common sarcomas included malignant nerve sheath tumors and malignant glomus tumors. Carcinomas were less common (19.7% of diagnoses), and consisted primarily of renal cell and hepatocellular carcinomas. Neoplasia occurred in most major body systems, with the skin and subcutis being the most common site (40%). RNA analysis showed similarities in transcriptional profiles between RLEC and human malignant nerve sheath tumors. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that total-body irradiation is associated with an increased incidence of neoplasia years following irradiation, at more than double the incidence described in aging, nonirradiated animals, and promotes tumor histotypes that are rarely observed in nonirradiated, aging rhesus macaques.
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12
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Little MP, Brenner AV, Grant EJ, Sugiyama H, Preston DL, Sakata R, Cologne J, Velazquez-Kronen R, Utada M, Mabuchi K, Ozasa K, Olson JD, Dugan GO, Pazzaglia S, Cline JM, Applegate KE. Age effects on radiation response: summary of a recent symposium and future perspectives. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 98:1-11. [PMID: 35394411 PMCID: PMC9626395 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2063962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
One of the principal uncertainties when estimating population risk of late effects from epidemiological data is that few radiation-exposed cohorts have been followed up to extinction. Therefore, the relative risk model has often been used to estimate radiation-associated risk and to extrapolate risk to the end of life. Epidemiological studies provide evidence that children are generally at higher risk of cancer induction than adults for a given radiation dose. However, the strength of evidence varies by cancer site and questions remain about site-specific age at exposure patterns. For solid cancers, there is a large body of evidence that excess relative risk (ERR) diminishes with increasing age at exposure. This pattern of risk is observed in the Life Span Study (LSS) as well as in other radiation-exposed populations for overall solid cancer incidence and mortality and for most site-specific solid cancers. However, there are some disparities by endpoint in the degree of variation of ERR with exposure age, with some sites (e.g., colon, lung) in the LSS incidence data showing no variation, or even increasing ERR with increasing age at exposure. The pattern of variation of excess absolute risk (EAR) with age at exposure is often similar, with EAR for solid cancers or solid cancer mortality decreasing with increasing age at exposure in the LSS. We shall review the human data from the Japanese LSS cohort, and a variety of other epidemiological data sets, including a review of types of medical diagnostic exposures, also some radiobiological animal data, all bearing on the issue of variations of radiation late-effects risk with age at exposure and with attained age. The paper includes a summary of several oral presentations given in a Symposium on "Age effects on radiation response" as part of the 67th Annual Meeting of the Radiation Research Society, held virtually on 3-6 October 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P. Little
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Eric J. Grant
- Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | | | - Ritsu Sakata
- Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - John Cologne
- Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Raquel Velazquez-Kronen
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mai Utada
- Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kiyohiko Mabuchi
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kotaro Ozasa
- Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - John D. Olson
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Gregory O. Dugan
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Simonetta Pazzaglia
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - J. Mark Cline
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Vemuri R, Ruggiero A, Whitfield JM, Dugan GO, Cline JM, Block MR, Guo H, Kavanagh K. Hypertension promotes microbial translocation and dysbiotic shifts in the fecal microbiome of nonhuman primates. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H474-H485. [PMID: 35148233 PMCID: PMC8897002 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00530.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates a link between gut barrier dysfunction and hypertension. However, it is unclear whether hypertension causes gut barrier dysfunction or vice versa and whether the gut microbiome plays a role. To understand this relationship, we first cross-sectionally examined 153 nonhuman primates [NHPs; Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus; mean age, 16 ± 0.4 yr; 129 (84.3%) females] for cardiometabolic risk factors and gut barrier function biomarkers. This analysis identified blood pressure and age as specific factors that independently associated with microbial translocation. We then longitudinally tracked male, age-matched spontaneously hypertensive NHPs (Macaca mulatta) to normotensives (n = 16), mean age of 5.8 ± 0.5 yr, to confirm hypertension-related gut barrier dysfunction and to explore the role of microbiome by comparing groups at baseline, 12, and 27 mo. Collectively, hypertensive animals in both studies showed evidence of gut barrier dysfunction (i.e., microbial translocation), as indicated by higher plasma levels of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP)-1, when compared with normotensive animals. Furthermore, plasma LBP-1 levels were correlated with diastolic blood pressure, independent of age and other health markers, suggesting specificity of the effect of hypertension on microbial translocation. In over 2 yr of longitudinal assessment, hypertensive animals had escalating plasma levels of LBP-1 and greater bacterial gene expression in mesenteric lymph nodes compared with normotensive animals, confirming microbes translocated across the intestinal barrier. Concomitantly, we identified distinct shifts in the gut microbial signature of hypertensive versus normotensive animals at 12 and 27 mo. These results suggest that hypertension contributes to microbial translocation in the gut and eventually unhealthy shifts in the gut microbiome, possibly contributing to poor health outcomes, providing further impetus for the management of hypertension.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Hypertension specifically had detrimental effects on microbial translocation when age and metabolic syndrome criteria were evaluated as drivers of cardiovascular disease in a relevant nonhuman primate model. Intestinal barrier function exponentially decayed over time with chronic hypertension, and microbial translocation was confirmed by detection of more microbial genes in regional draining lymph nodes. Chronic hypertension resulted in fecal microbial dysbiosis and elevations of the biomarker NT-proBNP. This study provides insights on the barrier dysfunction, dysbiosis, and hypertension in controlled studies of nonhuman primates. Our study includes a longitudinal component comparing naturally occurring hypertensive to normotensive primates to confirm microbial translocation and dysbiotic microbiome development. Hypertension is an underappreciated driver of subclinical endotoxemia that can drive chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravichandra Vemuri
- 1Section on Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston‐Salem, North Carolina
| | - Alistaire Ruggiero
- 1Section on Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston‐Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jordyn M. Whitfield
- 1Section on Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston‐Salem, North Carolina
| | - Greg O. Dugan
- 1Section on Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston‐Salem, North Carolina
| | - J. Mark Cline
- 1Section on Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston‐Salem, North Carolina
| | - Masha R. Block
- 1Section on Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston‐Salem, North Carolina
| | - Hao Guo
- 2Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,3Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kylie Kavanagh
- 1Section on Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston‐Salem, North Carolina,4Department of Biomedicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Glenn MC, Wallner K, Luk SM, Ermoian R, Tseng YD, Phillips M, Kim M. Impact of lung block shape on cardiac dose for total body irradiation. Phys Imaging Radiat Oncol 2022; 21:30-34. [PMID: 35243029 PMCID: PMC8875787 DOI: 10.1016/j.phro.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Partial cardiac shielding in TBI is not commonly reported and varies among clinics. We evaluated the effects of cardiac shielding in TBI using 3D beam modeling in a commercial TPS. Partial cardiac shielding can reduce mean heart dose and reduce LAD dose up to 30%.
Evaluating cardiac dose during total body irradiation (TBI) is of increasing interest. A three-dimensional beam model for TBI was commissioned and lung shielding was simulated in a treatment planning system with the cardiac silhouette partially blocked and unblocked. When blocked, the median heart dose decreased by 6% (IQR = 6%) and the median cardiac V12Gy decreased by 27% (IQR = 17%). The median left anterior descending artery dose decreased 20% (IQR = 12%) for blocked cases. Because using partial heart shielding may result in considerable changes in dose to cardiac structures, TBI protocols should explicitly consider lung block design parameters and their potential effects.
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15
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Tandon P, Abrams ND, Carrick DM, Chander P, Dwyer J, Fuldner R, Gannot G, Laughlin M, McKie G, PrabhuDas M, Singh A, Tsai SYA, Vedamony MM, Wang C, Liu CH. Metabolic Regulation of Inflammation and Its Resolution: Current Status, Clinical Needs, Challenges, and Opportunities. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 207:2625-2630. [PMID: 34810268 PMCID: PMC9996538 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism and inflammation have been viewed as two separate processes with distinct but critical functions for our survival: metabolism regulates the utilization of nutrients, and inflammation is responsible for defense and repair. Both respond to an organism's stressors to restore homeostasis. The interplay between metabolic status and immune response (immunometabolism) plays an important role in maintaining health or promoting disease development. Understanding these interactions is critical in developing tools for facilitating novel preventative and therapeutic approaches for diseases, including cancer. This trans-National Institutes of Health workshop brought together basic scientists, technology developers, and clinicians to discuss state-of-the-art, innovative approaches, challenges, and opportunities to understand and harness immunometabolism in modulating inflammation and its resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpa Tandon
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD;
| | - Natalie D Abrams
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD
| | | | - Preethi Chander
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Johanna Dwyer
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Rebecca Fuldner
- National Institute of Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Gallya Gannot
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Maren Laughlin
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - George McKie
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mercy PrabhuDas
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD
| | - Anju Singh
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD
| | - Shang-Yi Anne Tsai
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Merriline M Vedamony
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD; and
| | - Chiayeng Wang
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD
| | - Christina H Liu
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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16
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Huang X, Maguire OA, Walker JM, Jiang CS, Carroll TS, Luo JD, Tonorezos E, Friedman DN, Cohen P. Therapeutic radiation exposure of the abdomen during childhood induces chronic adipose tissue dysfunction. JCI Insight 2021; 6:153586. [PMID: 34554929 PMCID: PMC8663557 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDChildhood cancer survivors who received abdominal radiotherapy (RT) or total body irradiation (TBI) are at increased risk for cardiometabolic disease, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We hypothesize that RT-induced adipose tissue dysfunction contributes to the development of cardiometabolic disease in the expanding population of childhood cancer survivors.METHODSWe performed clinical metabolic profiling of adult childhood cancer survivors previously exposed to TBI, abdominal RT, or chemotherapy alone, alongside a group of healthy controls. Study participants underwent abdominal s.c. adipose biopsies to obtain tissue for bulk RNA sequencing. Transcriptional signatures were analyzed using pathway and network analyses and cellular deconvolution.RESULTSIrradiated adipose tissue is characterized by a gene expression signature indicative of a complex macrophage expansion. This signature includes activation of the TREM2-TYROBP network, a pathway described in diseases of chronic tissue injury. Radiation exposure of adipose is further associated with dysregulated adipokine secretion, specifically a decrease in insulin-sensitizing adiponectin and an increase in insulin resistance-promoting plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Accordingly, survivors exhibiting these changes have early signs of clinical metabolic derangement, such as increased fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c.CONCLUSIONChildhood cancer survivors exposed to abdominal RT or TBI during treatment exhibit signs of chronic s.c. adipose tissue dysfunction, manifested as dysregulated adipokine secretion that may negatively impact their systemic metabolic health.FUNDINGThis study was supported by Rockefeller University Hospital; National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM007739); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UL1 TR001866); National Cancer Institute (P30CA008748); American Cancer Society (133831-CSDG-19-117-01-CPHPS); American Diabetes Association (1-17-ACE-17); and an anonymous donor (MSKCC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA.,Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Olivia A Maguire
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA.,Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Thomas S Carroll
- Bioinformatics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ji-Dung Luo
- Bioinformatics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emily Tonorezos
- Office of Cancer Survivorship, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Paul Cohen
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
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17
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DiCarlo AL. Scientific research and product development in the United States to address injuries from a radiation public health emergency. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2021; 62:752-763. [PMID: 34308479 PMCID: PMC8438480 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The USA has experienced one large-scale nuclear incident in its history. Lessons learned during the Three-Mile Island nuclear accident provided government planners with insight into property damage resulting from a low-level release of radiation, and an awareness concerning how to prepare for future occurrences. However, if there is an incident resulting from detonation of an improvised nuclear device or state-sponsored device/weapon, resulting casualties and the need for medical treatment could overwhelm the nation's public health system. After the Cold War ended, government investments in radiation preparedness declined; however, the attacks on 9/11 led to re-establishment of research programs to plan for the possibility of a nuclear incident. Funding began in earnest in 2004, to address unmet research needs for radiation biomarkers, devices and products to triage and treat potentially large numbers of injured civilians. There are many biodosimetry approaches and medical countermeasures (MCMs) under study and in advanced development, including those to address radiation-induced injuries to organ systems including bone marrow, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, lungs, skin, vasculature and kidneys. Biomarkers of interest in determining level of radiation exposure and susceptibility of injury include cytogenetic changes, 'omics' technologies and other approaches. Four drugs have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of acute radiation syndrome (ARS), with other licensures being sought; however, there are still no cleared devices to identify radiation-exposed individuals in need of treatment. Although many breakthroughs have been made in the efforts to expand availability of medical products, there is still work to be done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L DiCarlo
- Corresponding author. Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 5601 Fishers Lane, Room 7B13, Rockville, MD, USA. Office Phone: 1-240-627-3492; Office Fax: 1-240-627-3113;
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18
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Suckert T, Nexhipi S, Dietrich A, Koch R, Kunz-Schughart LA, Bahn E, Beyreuther E. Models for Translational Proton Radiobiology-From Bench to Bedside and Back. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4216. [PMID: 34439370 PMCID: PMC8395028 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of proton therapy centers worldwide are increasing steadily, with more than two million cancer patients treated so far. Despite this development, pending questions on proton radiobiology still call for basic and translational preclinical research. Open issues are the on-going discussion on an energy-dependent varying proton RBE (relative biological effectiveness), a better characterization of normal tissue side effects and combination treatments with drugs originally developed for photon therapy. At the same time, novel possibilities arise, such as radioimmunotherapy, and new proton therapy schemata, such as FLASH irradiation and proton mini-beams. The study of those aspects demands for radiobiological models at different stages along the translational chain, allowing the investigation of mechanisms from the molecular level to whole organisms. Focusing on the challenges and specifics of proton research, this review summarizes the different available models, ranging from in vitro systems to animal studies of increasing complexity as well as complementing in silico approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Suckert
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (T.S.); (S.N.); (A.D.); (L.A.K.-S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sindi Nexhipi
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (T.S.); (S.N.); (A.D.); (L.A.K.-S.)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, 01309 Dresden, Germany
| | - Antje Dietrich
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (T.S.); (S.N.); (A.D.); (L.A.K.-S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robin Koch
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (R.K.); (E.B.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leoni A. Kunz-Schughart
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (T.S.); (S.N.); (A.D.); (L.A.K.-S.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Emanuel Bahn
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (R.K.); (E.B.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elke Beyreuther
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (T.S.); (S.N.); (A.D.); (L.A.K.-S.)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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Biomarkers of senescence in non-human primate adipose depots relate to aging. GeroScience 2020; 43:343-352. [PMID: 32705409 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00230-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Forty-three female African green monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) were selected to represent young adult to advanced geriatric ages (7-24 years) to exhibit a wide range of obesity status (8-53% body fat) and diverse metabolic syndrome criteria such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues were collected and evaluated for the presence of senescence cells in both whole tissue and single-cell isolates from subcutaneous sources, utilizing senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SAβ-gal) staining. Plasma samples were analyzed for selected metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers related to the senescence-associated secretory profile. Our results indicated that tissue staining scores did not differ between subcutaneous and intra-abdominal visceral depots and were highly related within individuals. Tissue staining was significantly associated with chronological age; however, no associations with fatness or metabolic syndrome criteria were observed. Associations with age were unchanged when obesity status was included in regression models. Isolated cell staining did positively relate to age but not tissue staining, suggesting some of the SAβ-gal-positive cells were stromal vascular cells or small adipocytes, but that mature large adipocytes, filtered out in the cell isolation process, are also likely to exhibit positive SAβ-gal staining. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) concentration in circulation was the sole inflammation-related biomarker that positively associated with age and is considered to be a marker of senescent cell burden. Our study is the largest, most comprehensive assessment of adipose SAβ-gal staining in a relevant animal model of human aging, and confirms that this senescence-associated biomarker specifically indicates an age-related process.
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