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Mol BA, Wasinda JJ, Xu YF, Gentle NL, Meyer V. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 augments low-dose PMA-based monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation in THP-1 cells. J Immunol Methods 2024; 532:113716. [PMID: 38960065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2024.113716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The human monocytic THP-1 cell line is the most routinely employed in vitro model for studying monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation. Despite the wide use of this model, differentiation protocols using phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3) vary drastically between studies. Given that differences in differentiation protocols have the potential to impact the characteristics of the macrophages produced, we aimed to assess the efficacy of three different THP-1 differentiation protocols by assessing changes in morphology and gene- and cell surface macrophage marker expression. THP-1 cells were differentiated with either 5 nM PMA, 10 nM 1,25D3, or a combination thereof, followed by a rest period. The results indicated that all three protocols significantly increased the expression of the macrophage markers, CD11b (p < 0.001) and CD14 (p < 0.010). Despite this, THP-1 cells exposed to 1,25D3 alone did not adopt the morphological and expression characteristics associated with macrophages. PMA was required to produce these characteristics, which were found to be more pronounced in the presence of 1,25D3. Both PMA- and PMA with 1,25D3-differentiated THP-1 cells were capable of M1 and M2 macrophage polarization, though the gene expression of polarization-associated markers was most pronounced in PMA with 1,25D3-differentiated THP-1 cells. Moreover, the combination of PMA with 1,25D3 appeared to support the process of commitment to a particular polarization state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn A Mol
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Janet J Wasinda
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Yi F Xu
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Nikki L Gentle
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
| | - Vanessa Meyer
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
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Gouveia HJCB, da Silva MM, Manhães de Castro R, da Silva LKTM, da Silva Calado CMS, da Silva Araújo ER, Cruz Silva MDA, Toscano AE. Vitamin D supplementation does not alter inflammatory markers in overweight and obese individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Res 2024; 128:24-37. [PMID: 39002359 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation is a common feature of obesity and plays a crucial role in the progression of its complications. Vitamin D (VitD) plays an important role in modulating the immune response and regulating inflammation. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of isolated VitD supplementation on main inflammatory markers in overweight and obese individuals with no comorbidities and with VitD deficiency. We hypothesized that the increase in serum VitD concentrations after supplementation would significantly reduce the concentrations of inflammatory markers. The search was conducted in Medline/PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Eleven randomized placebo-controlled studies were included in the final analysis, with a total of 504 participants and daily (1000-7000 international units) or bolus (100,000-200,000 international units) doses of VitD lasting from 2 to 26 weeks. The VitD supplementation did not influence C-reactive protein (mean difference [MD]: 0.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.37, 0.39; P = .97), interleukin-6 (MD: -0.34; 95% CI -1.09, 0.42; P = .38), and tumor necrosis factor concentrations (MD: -0.02; 95% CI -0.23, 0.19; P = .85). In the analysis considering the studies with a significant increase in serum VitD concentrations, VitD supplementation also did not influence C-reactive protein (MD: -0.17; 95% CI -0.88, 0.54; P = .64), interleukin-6 (MD: -0.47; 95% CI -1.31, 0.37; P = .27), and tumor necrosis factor concentrations (MD: 0.01; 95% CI -1.34, 1.37; P = .98). This meta-analysis suggests that VitD supplementation does not significantly alter inflammatory markers in overweight and obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique José Cavalcanti Bezerra Gouveia
- Graduate Program in Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil; Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Márcia Maria da Silva
- Graduate Program in Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil; Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Raul Manhães de Castro
- Graduate Program in Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil; Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil; Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Medical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Luan Kelwyny Thaywã Marques da Silva
- Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil; Graduate Program in Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Vitória Academic Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão-Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Caio Matheus Santos da Silva Calado
- Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil; Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Medical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Eulália Rebeca da Silva Araújo
- Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil; Graduate Program in Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Vitória Academic Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão-Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Almeida Cruz Silva
- Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ana Elisa Toscano
- Graduate Program in Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil; Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil; Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Medical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil; Graduate Program in Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Vitória Academic Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão-Pernambuco, Brazil; Nursing Unit, Vitória Academic Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão-Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Nandakumar M, Das P, Sathyapalan T, Butler AE, Atkin SL. A Cross-Sectional Exploratory Study of Cardiovascular Risk Biomarkers in Non-Obese Women with and without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Association with Vitamin D. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6330. [PMID: 38928037 PMCID: PMC11204004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is proposed to have a protective effect against cardiovascular disease, though the mechanism is unclear. Vitamin D deficiency is common in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), where it is strongly related to obesity, insulin resistance (IR) and risk of cardiovascular disease. To determine if the inherent pathophysiology of PCOS or vitamin D levels are linked to dysregulation of cardiovascular risk proteins (CVRPs), a study in non-obese women with PCOS and without IR was undertaken. Our hypothesis was that the levels of vitamin D3 and its active metabolite would be associated with CVRPs comparably in women with and without PCOS. In women with PCOS (n = 29) and controls (n = 29), 54 CVRPs were determined by Slow Off-rate Modified Aptamer (SOMA)-scan plasma protein measurement and correlated to 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) and the active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) measured by gold standard isotope-dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Women with PCOS had comparable IR and systemic inflammation (normal C-reactive protein) to control women, though had higher free androgen index and anti-Mullerian hormone levels. 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 levels did not differ between groups. Nine CVRPs were higher in PCOS (p < 0.05) (Galectin-9, Brother of CDO, C-motif chemokine 3, Interleukin-18 receptor-1, Thrombopoietin, Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein, Programmed cell death 1 ligand-2, Low-affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc-region receptor II-b and human growth hormone), whilst 45 CVRPs did not differ. 25(OH)D3 correlated with five CVRPs in PCOS and one in controls (p < 0.05). Despite the women with PCOS not exhibiting overt systemic inflammation, 9 of 54 CVRPs were elevated, all relating to inflammation, and 5 of these correlated with 25(OH)D3, suggesting an ongoing underlying inflammatory process in PCOS even in the absence of obesity/IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjula Nandakumar
- Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Adliya P.O. Box 15503, Bahrain; (M.N.); (P.D.); (S.L.A.)
| | - Priya Das
- Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Adliya P.O. Box 15503, Bahrain; (M.N.); (P.D.); (S.L.A.)
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, Hull HU6 7RU, UK;
| | - Alexandra E. Butler
- Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Adliya P.O. Box 15503, Bahrain; (M.N.); (P.D.); (S.L.A.)
| | - Stephen L. Atkin
- Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Adliya P.O. Box 15503, Bahrain; (M.N.); (P.D.); (S.L.A.)
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Butler AE, Sathyapalan T, Das P, Brennan E, Atkin SL. Association of Vitamin D with Perfluorinated Alkyl Acids in Women with and without Non-Obese Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1255. [PMID: 38927462 PMCID: PMC11201284 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAAs) are persistent organic pollutants affected by BMI and ethnicity, with contradictory reports of association with vitamin D deficiency. METHODS Twenty-nine Caucasian women with non-obese polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and age- and BMI-matched Caucasian control women (n = 30) were recruited. Paired serum samples were analyzed for PFAAs (n = 13) using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Tandem mass spectrometry determined levels of 25(OH)D3 and the active 1,25(OH)2D3. RESULTS Women with and without PCOS did not differ in age, weight, insulin resistance, or systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein did not differ), but the free androgen index was increased. Four PFAAs were detected in all serum samples: perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS). Serum PFOS was higher in PCOS versus controls (geometric mean [GM] 3.9 vs. 3.1 ng/mL, p < 0.05). Linear regression modeling showed that elevated PFHxS had higher odds of a lower 25(OH)D3 (OR: 2.919, 95% CI 0.82-5.75, p = 0.04). Vitamin D did not differ between cohorts and did not correlate with any PFAAs, either alone or when the groups were combined. When vitamin D was stratified into sufficiency (>20 ng/mL) and deficiency (<20 ng/mL), no correlation with any PFAAs was seen. CONCLUSIONS While the analyses and findings here are exploratory in light of relatively small recruitment numbers, when age, BMI, and insulin resistance are accounted for, the PFAAs do not appear to be related to 25(OH)D3 or the active 1,25(OH)2D3 in this Caucasian population, nor do they appear to be associated with vitamin D deficiency, suggesting that future studies must account for these factors in the analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E. Butler
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Busaiteen 15503, Bahrain; (P.D.); (E.B.); (S.L.A.)
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, Hull HU6 7RU, UK;
| | - Priya Das
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Busaiteen 15503, Bahrain; (P.D.); (E.B.); (S.L.A.)
| | - Edwina Brennan
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Busaiteen 15503, Bahrain; (P.D.); (E.B.); (S.L.A.)
| | - Stephen L. Atkin
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Busaiteen 15503, Bahrain; (P.D.); (E.B.); (S.L.A.)
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Secondulfo C, Visco V, Virtuoso N, Fortunato M, Migliarino S, Rispoli A, La Mura L, Stellato A, Caliendo G, Settembre E, Galluccio F, Hamzeh S, Bilancio G. Vitamin D: A Bridge between Kidney and Heart. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:617. [PMID: 38792638 PMCID: PMC11123235 DOI: 10.3390/life14050617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are highly prevalent conditions, each significantly contributing to the global burden of morbidity and mortality. CVD and CKD share a great number of common risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and smoking, among others. Their relationship extends beyond these factors, encompassing intricate interplay between the two systems. Within this complex network of pathophysiological processes, vitamin D has emerged as a potential linchpin, exerting influence over diverse physiological pathways implicated in both CKD and CVD. In recent years, scientific exploration has unveiled a close connection between these two prevalent conditions and vitamin D, a crucial hormone traditionally recognized for its role in bone health. This article aims to provide an extensive review of vitamin D's multifaceted and expanding actions concerning its involvement in CKD and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Secondulfo
- Department “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Valeria Visco
- Department “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Nicola Virtuoso
- Cardiology Unit, Salerno University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Martino Fortunato
- Cardiology Unit, Salerno University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Serena Migliarino
- Cardiology Unit, Salerno University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Antonella Rispoli
- Cardiology Unit, Salerno University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Lucia La Mura
- Centro Medico Ascione Srl, 80059 Torre del Greco, Italy
| | - Adolfo Stellato
- Department “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Caliendo
- Department “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Emanuela Settembre
- Department “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Fabiana Galluccio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Sarah Hamzeh
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Bilancio
- Department “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- Nephrology Unit, Salerno University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy
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Brown G, Marchwicka A, Marcinkowska E. Vitamin D and immune system. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2024; 109:1-41. [PMID: 38777411 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The active metabolite of vitamin D 1,25(OH)2D is well known for its role in regulating calcium-phosphate homeostasis of the human body. However, the immunomodulating activity of 1,25(OH)2D has been known for many years. There are numerous reports correlating low vitamin D levels in blood serum with the onset of autoimmune diseases and with the severe course of acute infections. In this chapter, we address the role of 1,25(OH)2D in these diseases, and we discuss the possible mechanisms of action of 1,25(OH)2D in immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Brown
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Aleksandra Marchwicka
- Department of Protein Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Marcinkowska
- Department of Protein Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland.
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Rojas-Carabali W, Pineda-Sierra JS, Cifuentes-González C, Morales MS, Muñoz-Vargas PT, Peña-Pulgar LF, Fonseca-Mora MA, Cruz DL, Putera I, Sobrin L, Agrawal R, de-la-Torre A. Vitamin D deficiency and non-infectious uveitis: A systematic review and Meta-analysis. Autoimmun Rev 2024; 23:103497. [PMID: 38052262 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D plays a critical role in immunomodulation, and its deficiency is implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. Nevertheless, its relationship with non-infectious uveitis (NIU), an inflammatory ocular disorder, remains inconclusive. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in three databases from database inception until May 8, 2023, to investigate the potential relationship between vitamin D deficiency and NIU. We included observational studies reporting the measurement of vitamin D levels in patients with NIU and healthy controls without restriction of language or date of publication. Three pairs of authors independently screened the title and abstracts for potential eligibility and then in full text. A third author resolved disagreements. Three pairs of independent reviewers abstracted the data from the fully reviewed records and evaluated the risk of bias. We followed The MOOSE and PRISMA guidelines. Random effects meta-analyses were used for primary analysis. Studies not included in the meta-analysis were summarized descriptively. This review was registered in PROSPERO: CRD42022308105. FINDINGS Of 933 records screened, 11 studies were included, and five were meta-analyzed, encompassing 354 cases and 5728 controls (mean participant age ranging from 7.1 to 58.9 years). Patients with vitamin D deficiency exhibited an Odds Ratio of 2.04 (95% CI = 1.55-2.68, P < 0.00001) for developing NIU compared to controls. Overall, potential sources of bias were low across most studies. INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest that vitamin D may play an essential role in the pathophysiology of NIU. While the included studies demonstrated generally low potential bias, additional rigorous prospective studies are necessary to confirm these findings and further elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved. Vitamin D supplementation could represent a possible therapeutic strategy for preventing or managing NIU if substantiated. Clinicians should consider screening for and addressing vitamin D deficiency in patients with or at risk for NIU.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Rojas-Carabali
- Neuroscience Research Group (NEUROS), Neurovitae Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia; Department of Bioinformatics, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Juan Sebastián Pineda-Sierra
- Neuroscience Research Group (NEUROS), Neurovitae Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos Cifuentes-González
- Neuroscience Research Group (NEUROS), Neurovitae Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - María Sofía Morales
- Neuroscience Research Group (NEUROS), Neurovitae Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Paula Tatiana Muñoz-Vargas
- Neuroscience Research Group (NEUROS), Neurovitae Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luisa Fernanda Peña-Pulgar
- Neuroscience Research Group (NEUROS), Neurovitae Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - María Alejandra Fonseca-Mora
- Neuroscience Research Group (NEUROS), Neurovitae Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Danna Lesley Cruz
- Grupo de Investigación Clínica, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ikhwanuliman Putera
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas, Cipto, Indonesia; Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia; Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine Section Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lucia Sobrin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear/Harvard Medical School; and Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rupesh Agrawal
- Department of Bioinformatics, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore; Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alejandra de-la-Torre
- Neuroscience Research Group (NEUROS), Neurovitae Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Valvano M, Magistroni M, Cesaro N, Carlino G, Monaco S, Fabiani S, Vinci A, Vernia F, Viscido A, Latella G. Effectiveness of Vitamin D Supplementation on Disease Course in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024; 30:281-291. [PMID: 36579768 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vitamin D role in bone metabolism is well known; however, recent evidence suggests the impact of vitamin D in immune modulation and its implications in immune-mediated diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHOD We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis by a specific protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42022311184; March 2022, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=311184). Randomized clinical trials involving IBD patients treated with vitamin D supplementation, compared with placebo, that evaluated the risk of clinical relapse and disease activity were included. Literature search was performed using Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane CENTRAL through January 2022. RESULTS Out of 1448 articles, 12 (11 full-texts and 1 abstract) were included. Seven randomized clinical trials reported data on the clinical relapse as dichotomous outcome, while 7 studies reported data on disease activity expressed as continuous variables. The pooled risk ratio of clinical relapse was 0.64 (95% confidence interval, 0.46-0.89; I2 = 25%) among 458 IBD patients. However, this seems to be solid only in Crohn's disease (CD) patients. In fact, only 2 studies, involving 67 patients with ulcerative colitis, were included in the analysis. CD patients in clinical remission had a strong significant risk reduction in clinical relapse (risk ratio, 0.47; 95% confidence interval, 0.27-0.82; I2 = 0%), suggesting that it could be a specific subgroup with maximum clinical benefit of vitamin D supplementation. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis shows that vitamin D supplementation can reduce the risk of clinical relapse in IBD patients, especially in CD patients in clinical remission. In a subgroup analysis, it was not significant (due to small number of studies and low number of patients), and well-powered studies are needed, in particular for ulcerative colitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Valvano
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marco Magistroni
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Nicola Cesaro
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giorgio Carlino
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Sabrina Monaco
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Stefano Fabiani
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonio Vinci
- Santo Spirito Hospital Clinical Management Unit, Local Health Authority Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Vernia
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Angelo Viscido
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giovanni Latella
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Infante M, Vitiello L, Fabbri A, Ricordi C, Padilla N, Pacifici F, Perna PD, Passeri M, Della-Morte D, Caprio M, Uccioli L. Prolonged clinical remission of type 1 diabetes sustained by calcifediol and low-dose basal insulin: a case report. Immunotherapy 2023; 15:1009-1019. [PMID: 37401348 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2022-0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we describe an unusually prolonged duration (31 months) of the clinical remission phase in a 22-year-old Italian man with new-onset type 1 diabetes. Shortly after the disease diagnosis, the patient was treated with calcifediol (also known as 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 or calcidiol), coupled with low-dose basal insulin, to correct hypovitaminosis D and to exploit the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of vitamin D. During the follow-up period, the patient retained a substantial residual β-cell function and remained within the clinical remission phase, as evidenced by an insulin dose-adjusted glycated hemoglobin value <9. At 24 months, we detected a peculiar immunoregulatory profile of peripheral blood cells, which may explain the prolonged duration of the clinical remission sustained by calcifediol as add-on treatment to insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Infante
- CTO Andrea Alesini Hospital, Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via San Nemesio 21, Rome, 00145, Italy
- Division of Cellular Transplantation, Diabetes Research Institute (DRI), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1450 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Section of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders, UniCamillus, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via di Sant'Alessandro 8, Rome, 00131, Italy
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Via Cola di Rienzo 28, Rome, 00192, Italy
| | - Laura Vitiello
- Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, IRCCS San Raffaele, Via di Val Cannuta 247, Rome, 00166, Italy
| | - Andrea Fabbri
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Camillo Ricordi
- Division of Cellular Transplantation, Diabetes Research Institute (DRI), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1450 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Nathalia Padilla
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Colonia Centroamérica L-823, Managua, 14048, Nicaragua
| | - Francesca Pacifici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Pasquale Di Perna
- CTO Andrea Alesini Hospital, Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via San Nemesio 21, Rome, 00145, Italy
| | - Marina Passeri
- CTO Andrea Alesini Hospital, Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via San Nemesio 21, Rome, 00145, Italy
| | - David Della-Morte
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences & Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, Rome, 00166, Italy
- Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Massimiliano Caprio
- Department of Human Sciences & Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, Rome, 00166, Italy
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele, Via di Val Cannuta 247, Rome, 00166, Italy
| | - Luigi Uccioli
- CTO Andrea Alesini Hospital, Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via San Nemesio 21, Rome, 00145, Italy
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Ghaseminejad-Raeini A, Ghaderi A, Sharafi A, Nematollahi-Sani B, Moossavi M, Derakhshani A, Sarab GA. Immunomodulatory actions of vitamin D in various immune-related disorders: a comprehensive review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:950465. [PMID: 37520529 PMCID: PMC10379649 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.950465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
For many years, vitamin D has been acknowledged for its role in maintaining calcium and phosphate balance. However, in recent years, research has assessed its immunomodulatory role and come up with conflicting conclusions. Because the vitamin D receptor is expressed in a variety of immune cell types, study into the precise role of this molecule in diseases, notably autoimmune disorders, has been made possible. The physiologically activated version of vitamin D also promotes a tolerogenic immunological condition in addition to modulating innate and acquired immune cell responses. According to a number of recent studies, this important micronutrient plays a complex role in numerous biochemical pathways in the immune system and disorders that are associated with them. Research in this field is still relatively new, and some studies claim that patients with severe autoimmune illnesses frequently have vitamin D deficiencies or insufficiencies. This review seeks to clarify the most recent research on vitamin D's immune system-related roles, including the pathophysiology of major disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Ghaderi
- Students Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirmohammad Sharafi
- Students Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Moossavi
- Nanobiology and Nanomedicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Afshin Derakhshani
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Gholamreza Anani Sarab
- Cellular and Molecular Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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11
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Das S, Roy A, Behera SK, Selvarajan S, Kamalanathan S, Sahoo JP, Nair NS. Effects of Vitamin D on Migraine: A Meta-Analysis. Neurol India 2023; 71:655-661. [PMID: 37635492 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.383862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the difference in mean serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level between migraineurs and nonmigraineurs, the association between hypovitaminosis D and migraine, and the effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on migraine-related symptoms as compared to placebo. Methods Relevant databases were searched for observational studies and randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) which evaluated the difference in mean serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level between migraineurs and nonmigraineurs; the association between hypovitaminosis D and migraine; and the effects of vitamin D supplementation on migraine-frequency, duration, and severity. Pooled mean difference and odds ratio were calculated (random-effects model, RevMan version 5.3). Results Ten observational studies and two RCTs were included. The serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level in the migraineurs was significantly lower than that in the nonmigraineurs [mean difference - 4.44 ng/mL (95% CI: -6.11, -2.77)] (low-GRADE evidence). Hypovitaminosis D was found to be significantly associated with migraine [OR: 1.95 (95% CI: 1.07, 3.58)] (low-GRADE evidence). As compared to placebo, oral vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced the monthly migraine-frequency [mean difference: -2.20 (95% CI: -3.04, -1.36)]. , although it did not reduce the migraine-duration [mean difference: -16.00 hours per month (95% CI: -42.77, 10.76)] and migraine-severity score [standardized mean difference: -0.23 (95% CI: -0.79, 0.32)] (moderate-GRADE evidence). Conclusion Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level was significantly lower in the migraineurs than that in the nonmigraineurs, and hypovitaminosis D was significantly associated with migraine. Oral vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced migraine-frequency, but not its duration and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saibal Das
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Ayan Roy
- Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Sapan Kumar Behera
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Sandhiya Selvarajan
- Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Sadishkumar Kamalanathan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Jaya Prakash Sahoo
- Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - N Sreekumaran Nair
- Department of Biostatistics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
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12
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Athanassiou L, Kostoglou-Athanassiou I, Koutsilieris M, Shoenfeld Y. Vitamin D and Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases. Biomolecules 2023; 13:709. [PMID: 37189455 PMCID: PMC10135889 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a steroid hormone with potent immune-modulating properties. It has been shown to stimulate innate immunity and induce immune tolerance. Extensive research efforts have shown that vitamin D deficiency may be related to the development of autoimmune diseases. Vitamin D deficiency has been observed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and has been shown to be inversely related to disease activity. Moreover, vitamin D deficiency may be implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease. Vitamin D deficiency has also been observed in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It has been found to be inversely related to disease activity and renal involvement. In addition, vitamin D receptor polymorphisms have been studied in SLE. Vitamin D levels have been studied in patients with Sjogren's syndrome, and vitamin D deficiency may be related to neuropathy and the development of lymphoma in the context of Sjogren's syndrome. Vitamin D deficiency has been observed in ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Vitamin D deficiency has also been observed in systemic sclerosis. Vitamin D deficiency may be implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity, and it may be administered to prevent autoimmune disease and reduce pain in the context of autoimmune rheumatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lambros Athanassiou
- Department of Rheumatology, Asclepeion Hospital, Voula, GR16673 Athens, Greece
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Athens, GR11527 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Athens, GR11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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13
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Giustina A, di Filippo L, Allora A, Bikle DD, Cavestro GM, Feldman D, Latella G, Minisola S, Napoli N, Trasciatti S, Uygur M, Bilezikian JP. Vitamin D and malabsorptive gastrointestinal conditions: A bidirectional relationship? Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:121-138. [PMID: 36813995 PMCID: PMC9946876 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09792-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
This paper is one of the outcomes of the 5th International Conference "Controversies in Vitamin D" held in Stresa, Italy from 15 to 18 September 2021 as part of a series of annual meetings which was started in 2017. The scope of these meetings is to discuss controversial issues about vitamin D. Publication of the outcomes of the meeting in international journals allows a wide sharing of the most recent data with the medical and academic community. Vitamin D and malabsorptive gastrointestinal conditions was one of the topics discussed at the meeting and focus of this paper. Participants to the meeting were invited to review available literature on selected issues related to vitamin D and gastrointestinal system and to present their topic to all participants with the aim to initiate a discussion on the main outcomes of which are reported in this document. The presentations were focused on the possible bidirectional relationship between vitamin D and gastrointestinal malabsorptive conditions such as celiac disease, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and bariatric surgery. In fact, on one hand the impact of these conditions on vitamin D status was examined and on the other hand the possible role of hypovitaminosis D on pathophysiology and clinical course of these conditions was also evaluated. All examined malabsorptive conditions severely impair vitamin D status. Since vitamin D has known positive effects on bone this in turn may contribute to negative skeletal outcomes including reduced bone mineral density, and increased risk of fracture which may be mitigated by vitamin D supplementation. Due to the immune and metabolic extra-skeletal effects there is the possibility that low levels of vitamin D may negatively impact on the underlying gastrointestinal conditions worsening its clinical course or counteracting the effect of treatment. Therefore, vitamin D status assessment and supplementation should be routinely considered in all patients affected by these conditions. This concept is strengthened by the existence of a possible bidirectional relationship through which poor vitamin D status may negatively impact on clinical course of underlying disease. Sufficient elements are available to estimate the desired threshold vitamin D level above which a favourable impact on the skeleton in these conditions may be obtained. On the other hand, ad hoc controlled clinical trials are needed to better define this threshold for obtaining a positive effect of vitamin D supplementation on occurrence and clinical course of malabsorptive gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Giustina
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
- Division of Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Luigi di Filippo
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Agnese Allora
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniel D Bikle
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California San Francisco, 1700 Owens St, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Giulia Martina Cavestro
- Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - David Feldman
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Giovanni Latella
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Division, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Salvatore Minisola
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anaesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Napoli
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Melin Uygur
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Disease, RTE University School of Medicine, Rize, Turkey
| | - John P Bilezikian
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, NY, USA
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14
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Vitamin D as a Shield against Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054546. [PMID: 36901976 PMCID: PMC10002864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging can be seen as a physiological progression of biomolecular damage and the accumulation of defective cellular components, which trigger and amplify the process, toward whole-body function weakening. Senescence initiates at the cellular level and consists in an inability to maintain homeostasis, characterized by the overexpression/aberrant expression of inflammatory/immune/stress responses. Aging is associated with significant modifications in immune system cells, toward a decline in immunosurveillance, which, in turn, leads to chronic elevation of inflammation/oxidative stress, increasing the risk of (co)morbidities. Albeit aging is a natural and unavoidable process, it can be regulated by some factors, like lifestyle and diet. Nutrition, indeed, tackles the mechanisms underlying molecular/cellular aging. Many micronutrients, i.e., vitamins and elements, can impact cell function. This review focuses on the role exerted by vitamin D in geroprotection, based on its ability to shape cellular/intracellular processes and drive the immune response toward immune protection against infections and age-related diseases. To this aim, the main biomolecular paths underlying immunosenescence and inflammaging are identified as biotargets of vitamin D. Topics such as heart and skeletal muscle cell function/dysfunction, depending on vitamin D status, are addressed, with comments on hypovitaminosis D correction by food and supplementation. Albeit research has progressed, still limitations exist in translating knowledge into clinical practice, making it necessary to focus attention on the role of vitamin D in aging, especially considering the growing number of older individuals.
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15
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Huang HY, Lin TW, Hong ZX, Lim LM. Vitamin D and Diabetic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043751. [PMID: 36835159 PMCID: PMC9960850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a hormone involved in many physiological processes. Its active form, 1,25(OH)2D3, modulates serum calcium-phosphate homeostasis and skeletal homeostasis. A growing body of evidence has demonstrated the renoprotective effects of vitamin D. Vitamin D modulates endothelial function, is associated with podocyte preservation, regulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and has anti-inflammatory effects. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading cause of end-stage kidney disease worldwide. There are numerous studies supporting vitamin D as a renoprotector, potentially delaying the onset of DKD. This review summarizes the findings of current research on vitamin D and its role in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Yin Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wei Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Xuan Hong
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Moay Lim
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-3121101-7351; Fax: +886-7-3228721
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16
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Nascimento BF, Moreira CFF, da Fonseca ER, Fedeszen PMK, de Paula TP, de Sena ASS, de Almeida NFA, Bandeira Filho OCDS, Curval DR, Padilha PDC. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic control of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2022; 35:973-988. [PMID: 35850934 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2022-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic control in children and adolescents with T1DM. CONTENT A systematic search was conducted of the Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, BVS/Lilacs, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Cinahl, Food Science, and FSTA databases. Two reviewers independently extracted article data and assessed quality. SUMMARY A total of 1,613 eligible articles were retrieved, ten of which met the selection criteria: eight clinical trials, one retrospective cohort study, and one cross-sectional study. Regarding the cutoff points used to classify vitamin D status, most of the studies set deficiency at 25-hydroxyvitamin D <20 ng/mL, sufficiency at ≥30 ng/mL, and insufficiency as the interval between these values. Regarding intervention strategies, most used cholecalciferol for supplementation, but there was great variation in the dose and supplementation time. When evaluating the effect of vitamin D supplementation on HbA1c, a significant improvement in glycemic control was observed in 50% of the studies. However, only one of these studies was classified as being of positive methodological quality, with three having their quality classified as neutral and one as negative. OUTLOOK There is yet no consistent evidence on the effect of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic control as an adjuvant in the treatment of children and adolescents with T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Folino Nascimento
- Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carolina F F Moreira
- Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliana R da Fonseca
- Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pamela M K Fedeszen
- Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tatiana P de Paula
- Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Silvia S de Sena
- Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nathália F A de Almeida
- Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Orlando C de S Bandeira Filho
- Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniella R Curval
- Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia de C Padilha
- Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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17
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Herwig R, Erlbacher K, Ibrahimagic A, Kacar M, Brajshori N, Beqiri P, Greilberger J. Vitamin D-Dimer: A Possible Biomolecule Modulator in Cytotoxic and Phagocytosis Processes? Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081785. [PMID: 35892685 PMCID: PMC9331816 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D3 complexed to deglycosylated vitamin D binding protein (VitD-dgVDBP) is a water-soluble vitamin D dimeric compound (VitD-dgVDBP). It is not clear how VitD-dgVDBP affects circulating monocytes, macrophages, other immune cell systems, including phagocytosis and apoptosis, and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared to dgVDBP. Methods: Flow cytometry was used to measure superoxide anion radical (O2*−) levels and macrophage activity in the presence of VitD-dgVDBP or dgVDBP. VitD-dgVDBP was incubated with normal human lymphocytes (nPBMCs), and several clusters of determination (CDs) were estimated. dgVDBP and VitD-dgVDBP apoptosis was estimated on malignant prostatic cells. Results: The macrophage activity was 2.8-fold higher using VitD-dgVDBP (19.8·106 counts) compared to dgVDBP (7.0·106 counts), but O2*− production was 1.8-fold lower in favor of VitD-dgVDBP (355·103 counts) compared to dgVDBP (630·106 counts). The calculated ratio of the radical/macrophage activity was 5-fold lower compared to that of dgVDBP. Only VitD-dgVDBP activated caspase-3 (8%), caspase-9 (13%), and cytochrome-C (11%) on prostatic cancer cells. PE-Cy7-labeled VitD-dgVDBP was found to bind to cytotoxic suppressor cells, monocytes/macrophages, dendritic and natural killer cells (CD8+), and helper cells (CD4+). After 12 h of co-incubation of nPBMCs with VitD-dgVDBP, significant activation and expression were measured for CD16++/CD16 (0.6 ± 0.1% vs. 0.4 ± 0.1%, p < 0.05), CD45k+ (96.0 ± 6.0% vs. 84.7 ± 9.5%, p < 0.05), CD85k+ (24.3 ± 13.2% vs. 3.8 ± 3.2%, p < 0.05), and CD85k+/CD123+ (46.8 ± 8.1% vs. 3.5 ± 3.7%, p < 0.001) compared to the control experiment. No significant difference was found using CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4/CD8, CD4/CD8, CD16+, CD16++, CD14+, or CD123+. A significant decline in CD14+/CD16+ was obtained in the presence of VitD-dgVDBP (0.7 ± 0.2% vs. 3.1 ± 1.7%; p < 0.01). Conclusion: The newly developed water-soluble VitD3 form VitD-dgVDBP affected cytotoxic suppressor cells by activating the low radical-dependent CD16 pathway and seemed to induce apoptosis in malignant prostatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Herwig
- Laboratories PD Dr. R. Herwig, 80337 Munich, Germany; (R.H.); (K.E.)
- Heimerer-College, 10000 Pristina, Kosovo; (N.B.); (P.B.)
| | | | - Amela Ibrahimagic
- Department of Speech and Language Pathology and Audiology, Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation, University of Tuzla, 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Mehtap Kacar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Ataşehir, 34755 İstanbul, Turkey;
- Department of Pathophysiology, Health Sciences Institute, Yeditepe University, Ataşehir, 34755 İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Petrit Beqiri
- Heimerer-College, 10000 Pristina, Kosovo; (N.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Joachim Greilberger
- Institut fuer Laborwissenschaften, 8301 Lassnitzhoehe, Austria
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence:
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18
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Fernandez GJ, Ramírez-Mejia JM, Urcuqui-Inchima S. Vitamin D boosts immune response of macrophages through a regulatory network of microRNAs and mRNAs. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 109:109105. [PMID: 35858666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is associated with the stimulation of innate immunity, inflammation, and host defense against pathogens. Macrophages express receptors of Vitamin D, regulating transcription of genes related to immune processes. However, the transcriptional and post-transcriptional strategies controlling gene expression in differentiated macrophages, and how they are influenced by Vitamin D are not well understood. We studied whether Vitamin D enhances immune response by regulating the expression of microRNAs and mRNAs. Analysis of the transcriptome showed differences in expression of 199 genes, of which 68% were up-regulated, revealing the cell state of monocyte-derived macrophages differentiated with Vitamin D (D3-MDMs) as compared to monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). The differentially expressed genes appear to be associated with pathophysiological processes, including inflammatory responses, and cellular stress. Transcriptional motifs in promoter regions of up- or down-regulated genes showed enrichment of VDR motifs, suggesting possible roles of transcriptional activator or repressor in gene expression. Further, microRNA-Seq analysis indicated that there were 17 differentially expressed miRNAs, of which, 7 were up-regulated and 10 down-regulated, suggesting that Vitamin D plays a critical role in the regulation of miRNA expression during macrophages differentiation. The miR-6501-3p, miR-1273h-5p, miR-665, miR-1972, miR-1183, miR-619-5p were down-regulated in D3-MDMs compared to MDMs. The integrative analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression profiles predict that miR-1972, miR-1273h-5p, and miR-665 regulate genes PDCD1LG2, IL-1B, and CD274, which are related to the inflammatory response. Results suggest an essential role of Vitamin D in macrophage differentiation that modulates host response against pathogens, inflammation, and cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geysson Javier Fernandez
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Julieta M Ramírez-Mejia
- Research group CIBIOP, Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad EAFIT, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Silvio Urcuqui-Inchima
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
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Cellular Carcinogenesis: Role of Polarized Macrophages in Cancer Initiation. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112811. [PMID: 35681791 PMCID: PMC9179569 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Inflammation is a hallmark of many cancers. Macrophages are key participants in innate immunity and important drivers of inflammation. When chronically polarized beyond normal homeostatic responses to infection, injury, or aging, macrophages can express several pro-carcinogenic phenotypes. In this review, evidence supporting polarized macrophages as endogenous sources of carcinogenesis is discussed. In addition, the depletion or modulation of macrophages by small molecule inhibitors and probiotics are reviewed as emerging strategies in cancer prevention. Abstract Inflammation is an essential hallmark of cancer. Macrophages are key innate immune effector cells in chronic inflammation, parainflammation, and inflammaging. Parainflammation is a form of subclinical inflammation associated with a persistent DNA damage response. Inflammaging represents low-grade inflammation due to the dysregulation of innate and adaptive immune responses that occur with aging. Whether induced by infection, injury, or aging, immune dysregulation and chronic macrophage polarization contributes to cancer initiation through the production of proinflammatory chemokines/cytokines and genotoxins and by modulating immune surveillance. This review presents pre-clinical and clinical evidence for polarized macrophages as endogenous cellular carcinogens in the context of chronic inflammation, parainflammation, and inflammaging. Emerging strategies for cancer prevention, including small molecule inhibitors and probiotic approaches, that target macrophage function and phenotype are also discussed.
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20
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Muñoz A, Grant WB. Vitamin D and Cancer: An Historical Overview of the Epidemiology and Mechanisms. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071448. [PMID: 35406059 PMCID: PMC9003337 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This is a narrative review of the evidence supporting vitamin D’s anticancer actions. The first section reviews the findings from ecological studies of cancer with respect to indices of solar radiation, which found a reduced risk of incidence and mortality for approximately 23 types of cancer. Meta-analyses of observational studies reported the inverse correlations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] with the incidence of 12 types of cancer. Case-control studies with a 25(OH)D concentration measured near the time of cancer diagnosis are stronger than nested case-control and cohort studies as long follow-up times reduce the correlations due to changes in 25(OH)D with time. There is no evidence that undiagnosed cancer reduces 25(OH)D concentrations unless the cancer is at a very advanced stage. Meta-analyses of cancer incidence with respect to dietary intake have had limited success due to the low amount of vitamin D in most diets. An analysis of 25(OH)D-cancer incidence rates suggests that achieving 80 ng/mL vs. 10 ng/mL would reduce cancer incidence rates by 70 ± 10%. Clinical trials have provided limited support for the UVB-vitamin D-cancer hypothesis due to poor design and execution. In recent decades, many experimental studies in cultured cells and animal models have described a wide range of anticancer effects of vitamin D compounds. This paper will review studies showing the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, dedifferentiation, and invasion together with the sensitization to proapoptotic agents. Moreover, 1,25-(OH)2D3 and other vitamin D receptor agonists modulate the biology of several types of stromal cells such as fibroblasts, endothelial and immune cells in a way that interferes the apparition of metastases. In sum, the available mechanistic data support the global protective action of vitamin D against several important types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Muñoz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, CIBERONC and IdiPAZ, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - William B. Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition and Health Research Center, P.O. Box 641603, San Francisco, CA 94164-1603, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +14-15-409-1980
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Enhancement of Antiviral T-Cell Responses by Vitamin C Suggests New Strategies to Improve Manufacturing of Virus-Specific T Cells for Adoptive Immunotherapy. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11040536. [PMID: 35453735 PMCID: PMC9032103 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic and autologous transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCT) are being routinely used to treat patients with leukemia and lymphoma. Due to the required immunosuppression after stem cell transplantation, infection and reactivation by viruses are life-threatening complications. In recent years, adoptive transfer using virus-specific T cells (VSTs) has emerged as alternative to conventional therapies. Since vitamins are described to influence the immune system and its cellular components, the aim of this study was to examine whether vitamins modulate VST function and thereby enable an improvement of therapy. For that, we investigated the impact of vitamin C and D on the functionality of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific T cells isolated from CMV-seropositive healthy donors. We were able to show that vitamin C increases the expansion and activation state of CMV-specific T cells, and an increased influence of vitamin C was observed on cells isolated from male donors and donors above 40 years of age. A higher frequency of the terminally differentiated effector memory CD8+ T-cell population in these donors indicates a connection between these cells and the enhanced response to vitamin C. Thus, here we provide insights into the impact of vitamin C on cytotoxic T cells as well as possible additional selection criteria and strategies to improve VST functionality.
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22
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Rihal V, Khan H, Kaur A, Singh TG. Vitamin D as therapeutic modulator in cerebrovascular diseases: a mechanistic perspectives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7772-7794. [PMID: 35285752 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2050349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to several major chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and cancer, linked to oxidative stress, inflammation, and aging. Vitamin D deficiency appears to be particularly harmful to the cardiovascular system, as it can cause endothelial dysfunctioning and vascular abnormalities through the modulation of various downstream mechanisms. As a result, new research indicates that therapeutic approaches targeting vitamin D inadequacies or its significant downstream effects, such as impaired autophagy, abnormal pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant reactions, may delay the onset and severity of major cerebrovascular disorders such as stroke and neurologic malformations. Vitamin D modulates the various molecular pathways, i.e., Nitric Oxide, PI3K-Akt Pathway, cAMP pathway, NF-kB Pathway, Sirtuin 1, Nrf2, FOXO, in cerebrovascular disorder. The current review shows evidence for vitamin D's mitigating or slowing the progression of these cerebrovascular disorders, which are significant causes of disability and death worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Rihal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Heena Khan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Amarjot Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
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23
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McGettrick P, Mallon PWG. Biomarkers to predict cardiovascular disease in people living with HIV. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2022; 35:15-20. [PMID: 34873078 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is one of the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in antiretroviral treated people living with HIV (PWH) with risk score algorithms based on traditional risk factors being shown to be consistently unreliable in estimating risk in this population. This review aims to examine recent data published in last 18-24 months exploring biomarkers that may be useful in identifying PWH at risk of developing CVD. RECENT FINDINGS Ongoing research explores the association of inflammatory biomarkers with subclinical CVD with few studies examining their clinical utility in improving CVD risk prediction. Further mechanistic studies explore the role of monocyte/macrophages in CVD pathogenesis with some studies examining functional assays as better predictors of CVD risk. SUMMARY Although persistent associations with inflammatory markers and CVD are demonstrated, few biomarkers have emerged as being clinically useful. Large population studies are needed to assess their utility in improving CVD risk prediction in PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padraig McGettrick
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin
| | - Patrick W G Mallon
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Vincents University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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24
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Hahn J, Cook NR, Alexander EK, Friedman S, Walter J, Bubes V, Kotler G, Lee IM, Manson JE, Costenbader KH. Vitamin D and marine omega 3 fatty acid supplementation and incident autoimmune disease: VITAL randomized controlled trial. BMJ 2022; 376:e066452. [PMID: 35082139 PMCID: PMC8791065 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2021-066452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether vitamin D and marine derived long chain omega 3 fatty acids reduce autoimmune disease risk. DESIGN Vitamin D and omega 3 trial (VITAL), a nationwide, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial with a two-by-two factorial design. SETTING Nationwide in the United States. PARTICIPANTS 25 871 participants, consisting of 12 786 men ≥50 years and 13 085 women ≥55 years at enrollment. INTERVENTIONS Vitamin D (2000 IU/day) or matched placebo, and omega 3 fatty acids (1000 mg/day) or matched placebo. Participants self-reported all incident autoimmune diseases from baseline to a median of 5.3 years of follow-up; these diseases were confirmed by extensive medical record review. Cox proportional hazard models were used to test the effects of vitamin D and omega 3 fatty acids on autoimmune disease incidence. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary endpoint was all incident autoimmune diseases confirmed by medical record review: rheumatoid arthritis, polymyalgia rheumatica, autoimmune thyroid disease, psoriasis, and all others. RESULTS 25 871 participants were enrolled and followed for a median of 5.3 years. 18 046 self-identified as non-Hispanic white, 5106 as black, and 2152 as other racial and ethnic groups. The mean age was 67.1 years. For the vitamin D arm, 123 participants in the treatment group and 155 in the placebo group had a confirmed autoimmune disease (hazard ratio 0.78, 95% confidence interval 0.61 to 0.99, P=0.05). In the omega 3 fatty acids arm, 130 participants in the treatment group and 148 in the placebo group had a confirmed autoimmune disease (0.85, 0.67 to 1.08, P=0.19). Compared with the reference arm (vitamin D placebo and omega 3 fatty acid placebo; 88 with confirmed autoimmune disease), 63 participants who received vitamin D and omega 3 fatty acids (0.69, 0.49 to 0.96), 60 who received only vitamin D (0.68, 0.48 to 0.94), and 67 who received only omega 3 fatty acids (0.74, 0.54 to 1.03) had confirmed autoimmune disease. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D supplementation for five years, with or without omega 3 fatty acids, reduced autoimmune disease by 22%, while omega 3 fatty acid supplementation with or without vitamin D reduced the autoimmune disease rate by 15% (not statistically significant). Both treatment arms showed larger effects than the reference arm (vitamin D placebo and omega 3 fatty acid placebo). STUDY REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01351805 and NCT01169259.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Hahn
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nancy R Cook
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erik K Alexander
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sonia Friedman
- Center for Crohn's and Colitis, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Walter
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vadim Bubes
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory Kotler
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - I-Min Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karen H Costenbader
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Vernia F, Valvano M, Longo S, Cesaro N, Viscido A, Latella G. Vitamin D in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Implications. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020269. [PMID: 35057450 PMCID: PMC8779654 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Vitamin D is an immunoregulatory factor influencing intestinal homeostasis. Recent evidence supports a central role of this micronutrient in the course of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD). This narrative review aims to provide a general overview of the possible biological mechanisms of action of vitamin D and its therapeutic implications in IBD. (2) Methods: A systematic electronic search of the English literature up to October 2021 was performed using Medline and the Cochrane Library. Only papers written in English that analyzed the role of vitamin D in IBD were included. (3) Results: In vitro and animal studies reported that vitamin D signaling improves epithelial barrier integrity regulating the expression of several junctional proteins, defensins, and mucins, modulates the inflammatory response, and affects gut microbiome composition. Recent studies also suggest that vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among IBD patients and that low serum levels correlate with disease activity and, less clearly, with disease course. (4) Conclusions: An increasing body of evidence suggests some role of vitamin D in the pathophysiology of IBD, nonetheless the underlying mechanisms have been so far only partially elucidated. A strong correlation with disease activity has been reported but its implication in the treatment is still undefined. Thus, studies focused on this issue, the definition of vitamin D levels responsible for clinical effects, and the potential role of vitamin D as a therapeutic agent are strongly encouraged.
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26
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Ribeiro VR, Romao-Veiga M, Nunes PR, de Oliveira LRC, Romagnoli GG, Peracoli JC, Peracoli MTS. Immunomodulatory effect of vitamin D on the STATs and transcription factors of CD4 + T cell subsets in pregnant women with preeclampsia. Clin Immunol 2022; 234:108917. [PMID: 34973430 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the in vitro modulatory effect of vitamin D (VD) on T cells, by determining the expression of STATs and the transcription factors of each CD4+ T cell subsets. Twenty women with preeclampsia (PE) and 20 normotensive pregnant women were studied. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured with or without VD to analyse the STATs and transcription factors by flow cytometry, and cytokines production by ELISA. The plasma levels of VD were lower in the PE group. Treatment of cells with VD decreased STAT1/STAT4/T-bet, STAT3/RORγt, and increased STAT6/GATA-3 and STAT5/FoxP3 in preeclamptic women. Treatment with VD also decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines and increased IL-10 and TGF-β. This hormone exerts immunomodulatory effects on the STAT signalling pathway, shifting the inflammatory profiles, Th1/Th17 cells to Th2/Treg profiles, and it can be suggested as a promising strategy to regulate the systemic inflammatory response in PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Rocha Ribeiro
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Romao-Veiga
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila Rezeck Nunes
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Ragozo Cardoso de Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jose Carlos Peracoli
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Terezinha Serrao Peracoli
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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27
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Krajewska M, Witkowska-Sędek E, Rumińska M, Stelmaszczyk-Emmel A, Sobol M, Majcher A, Pyrżak B. Vitamin D Effects on Selected Anti-Inflammatory and Pro-Inflammatory Markers of Obesity-Related Chronic Inflammation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:920340. [PMID: 35769088 PMCID: PMC9235399 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.920340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is related to changes in adipokine secretion, activity of adipose tissue macrophages, helper T cells, and regulatory T cells. It has been confirmed that vitamin D has potent anti-inflammatory properties. It contributes to reduction in pro-inflammatory mediators and an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines. There is also evidence that vitamin D could decrease C-reactive protein (CRP) and affect selected haematological indices. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin D on interleukin (IL)-10, IL-17, CRP, blood leukocyte profile, and platelet (PLT) count in overweight and obese children before and after six months of vitamin D supplementation. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study group consisted of 67 overweight and obese children aged 9.08-17.5 years. The control group included 31 normal weight peers age- and sex-matched. None of the studied children had received vitamin D supplementation before the study. Data were analyzed at baseline and after vitamin D supplementation. RESULTS The study group had lower baseline 25(OH)D (p<0.001) and higher white blood cell (WBC) (p=0.014), granulocyte (p=0.015), monocyte (p=0.009) and CRP (p=0.002) compared to the control group. In the study group, vitamin D levels were related negatively to nutritional status. Leukocyte profile parameters, PLT, CRP, IL-10 or IL-17 were not related to baseline 25(OH)D. Baseline IL-17 levels correlated with monocytes (R= 0.36, p=0.003) independently on 25(OH)D deficit. In children with vitamin D <15ng/ml, the baseline 25(OH)D was related to CRP (R=-0.42, p=0.017). After six months of vitamin D supplementation, we noticed a decrease in CRP levels (p=0.0003). Serum 25(OH)D correlated with IL-10 in that period (R=0.27, p=0.028). Moreover, we noticed that IL-10 correlated with monocyte (R=-0.28, p=0.023). We did not find any significant associations between 25(OH)D and leukocyte profile parameters, PLT, or IL-17. The multivariable stepwise regression analysis identified IL-10 as the parameter positively associated with 25(OH)D. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirmed beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation in overweight and obese paediatric populations. Vitamin D intake seems to exert its anti-inflammatory effect mainly via decreasing the CRP level and protecting stabile values of IL-10, rather than its impact on pro-inflammatory factors such as lL-17 and leukocyte profile parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Krajewska
- Department of Paediatrics and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Maria Krajewska,
| | | | - Małgorzata Rumińska
- Department of Paediatrics and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Stelmaszczyk-Emmel
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Warsaw, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Sobol
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Majcher
- Department of Paediatrics and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Pyrżak
- Department of Paediatrics and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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28
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He LP, Song YX, Zhu T, Gu W, Liu CW. Progress in the Relationship between Vitamin D Deficiency and the Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Children. J Diabetes Res 2022; 2022:5953562. [PMID: 36090587 PMCID: PMC9463035 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5953562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease, due to a large number of islet β cells damaged, resulting in an absolute lack of insulin, ultimately relying on insulin therapy. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble sterol derivative that not only participates in calcium and phosphorus metabolism but also acts as an immunomodulatory role by binding to nuclear vitamin D receptors to regulate the expression of transcription factors. Increasing evidence has shown that vitamin D has immunoregulation and anti-inflammatory effects, and it may play a role in T cell regulatory responses due to downregulation in the expression of cathepsin G and inhibition of CD4+ T cell activation and protection of β cells from immune attack and is beneficial in decreasing oxidative stress in T1DM patients. Epidemiologic evidence demonstrates involvement of vitamin D deficiency in T1DM pathogenesis, with the immune system improperly targeting and destroying its own islet β cells. In addition, polymorphisms in genes critical for vitamin D metabolism may increase the risk of islet autoimmunity and T1DM. In this paper, the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the molecular mechanism of T1DM was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Ping He
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, 318000 Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-Xin Song
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, 318000 Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008 Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008 Jiangsu, China
| | - Chang-Wei Liu
- Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008 Jiangsu, China
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29
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Zhang J, Zhang Y, Xia Y, Sun J. Imbalance of the intestinal virome and altered viral-bacterial interactions caused by a conditional deletion of the vitamin D receptor. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1957408. [PMID: 34375154 PMCID: PMC8366551 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1957408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D receptor (VDR) deficiency is associated with cancer, infection, and chronic inflammation. Prior research has demonstrated VDR regulation of bacteria; however, little is known regarding VDR and viruses. We hypothesize that VDR deficiency impacts on the intestinal virome and viral-bacterial interactions. We specifically deleted VDR from intestinal epithelial cells (VDRΔIEC), Paneth cells (VDRΔPC), and myeloid cells (VDRΔLyz) in mice. Feces were collected for shotgun metagenomic sequencing and metabolite profiling. To test the functional changes, we evaluated pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and analyzed microbial metabolites. Vibrio phages, Lactobacillus phages, and Escherichia coli typing phages were significantly enriched in all three conditional VDR-knockout mice. In the VDRΔLyz mice, the levels of eight more virus species (2 enriched, 6 depleted) were significantly changed. Altered virus species were primarily observed in female VDRΔLyz (2 enriched, 3 depleted) versus male VDRΔLyz (1 enriched, 1 depleted). Altered alpha and beta diversity (family to species) were found in VDRΔLyz. In VDRΔIEC mice, bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 was significantly enriched. A significant correlation between viral and bacterial alterations was found in conditional VDR knockout mice. There was a positive correlation between Vibrio phage JSF5 and Cutibacterium acnes in VDRΔPC and VDRΔLyz mice. Also, there were more altered viral species in female conditional VDR knockout mice. Notably, there were significant changes in PRRs: upregulated TLR3, TLR7, and NOD2 in VDRΔLyz mice and increased CLEC4L expression in VDRΔIEC and VDRΔPC mice. Furthermore, we identified metabolites related to virus infection: decreased glucose in VDRΔIEC mice, increased ribulose/xylulose and xylose in VDRΔLyz mice, and increased long-chain fatty acids in VDRΔIEC and VDRΔLyz female mice. Tissue-specific deletion of VDR changes the virome and functionally changes viral receptors, which leads to dysbiosis, metabolic dysfunction, and infection risk. This study helps to elucidate VDR regulating the virome in a tissue-specific and sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilei Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yongguo Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yinglin Xia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,CONTACT Yinglin Xia Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S Wood Street, Room 734 CSB, MC716, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center Chicago, IL, USA,Jun Sun Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S Wood Street, Room 704 CSB, MC716Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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30
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Ebrahimzadeh A, Mohseni S, Narimani B, Ebrahimzadeh A, Kazemi S, Keshavarz F, Yaghoubi MJ, Milajerdi A. Association between vitamin D status and risk of covid-19 in-hospital mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-11. [PMID: 34882024 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2012419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Some earlier studies reported higher risk of COVID-19 mortality in patients with vitamin D deficiency, while some others failed to find such as association. Due to inconsistences between earlier meta-analyses and needs for an updated study, we conducted current systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between vitamin D status and risk of COVID-19 in-hospital mortality among observational studies. We searched PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science up to 27 July 2021. We conduct our systematic review and meta-analysis in according to PRISM statement. Two authors independently screened studies and extracted data from the relevant ones. All types of observational studies about the association between vitamin D status and in hospital COVID-19 mortality were included. Data was pooled using a random-effect model. P-values ˂ 0.05 was assumed as statistically significant. We identified 13 observational studies. Pooling 9 studies which categorized vitamin D level, a significant positive relationship was found between vitamin D deficiency and risk of COVID-19 in-hospital mortality (Odds Ratio (OR): 2.11; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.03, 4.32). All subgroup analyses also showed significant relationship between vitamin D deficiency and risk of COVID-19 in-hospital mortality. In the other analysis, pooling data from 5 studies in which vitamin D level was entered as a continues variable, we found an inverse significant association between each unit increment in serum vitamin D concentrations and risk of COVID-19 in-hospital mortality (OR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.89, 0.99). We found a significant direct association between vitamin D deficiency and elevated risk of COVID-19 in-hospital mortality. Moreover, each unit increment in serum vitamin D levels was associated to significant reduction in risk of COVID-19 mortality. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Ebrahimzadeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Shokouh Mohseni
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Behnaz Narimani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Anahita Ebrahimzadeh
- Homaijan Health Care Center, Deputy of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Soroosh Kazemi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Keshavarz
- Sepidan Bagherololoom Higher Education College, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Milajerdi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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31
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Vitamin D 3 Protects Mice from Diquat-Induced Oxidative Stress through the NF- κB/Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6776956. [PMID: 34824670 PMCID: PMC8610683 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6776956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D3, as an indispensable and fat-soluble micronutrient, plays an important role in the health of humans and animals. At present, studies are focusing on the calcium absorption and immunoregulation function of vitamin D3; this study was aimed at exploring the antioxidative stress ability of vitamin D3 on diquat-induced intestinal dysfunction of ICR mice and the underlying mechanism. The results showed that oral gavage of vitamin D3 daily significantly improved the body weight gain and immune organ index and significantly reverted the abnormal changes of ALT, AST, SOD, GSH-Px, T-AOC, and MDA in the serum and jejunum induced by diquat. The addition of vitamin D3 also significantly reduced the concentration of DAO, D-LA, and certain proinflammatory cytokines in serum. Moreover, vitamin D3 improved the pathological morphology of the duodenum, jejunum, colon, liver, and kidney tissues, and it also largely attenuated the degree of inflammatory infiltration of macrophages and cell apoptotic index of jejunal epithelial tissue induced by diquat. The results demonstrated that vitamin D3 significantly recovered the intestinal barrier injury by enhancing the expression of mucins and tight junction proteins in the jejunum. In addition, the results indicated that vitamin D3 could significantly reduce the phosphorylation level of NF-κB (p65) and enhance the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in the jejunum compared with the diquat-induced group. This study suggested that oral administration of vitamin D3 can protect mice against oxidative damage by inhibiting the phosphorylation level of NF-κB (p65) and activating Nrf2-related signaling pathways.
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32
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Takahashi EA, Kilari S, Misra S. Novel Clinical Therapies and Technologies in Dialysis Vascular Access. KIDNEY360 2021; 2:1373-1379. [PMID: 35369655 PMCID: PMC8676382 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0002962021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The hemodialysis population continues to grow. Although procedures for dialysis have existed for >60 years, significant challenges with vascular access to support hemodialysis persist. Failure of arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) to mature, loss of AVF and graft patency, thrombosis, and infection hinder long-term access, and add extra health care costs and patient morbidity. There have been numerous innovations over the last decade aimed at addressing the issues. In this study, we review the literature and summarize the recent evolution of drug delivery, graft development, minimally invasive AVF creation, and stem-cell therapy for hemodialysis access.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sanjay Misra
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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33
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Pinheiro MM, Pinheiro FMM, Diniz SN, Fabbri A, Infante M. Combination of vitamin D and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (VIDPP-4i) as an immunomodulation therapy for autoimmune diabetes. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 95:107518. [PMID: 33756226 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) represent the most common types of autoimmune diabetes and are characterized by different age of onset, degrees of immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells and rates of disease progression towards insulin dependence. Several immunotherapies aimed to counteract autoimmune responses against beta cells and preserve beta-cell function are currently being investigated, particularly in T1D. Preliminary findings suggest a potential role of combination therapy with vitamin D and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors (VIDPP-4i) in preserving beta-cell function in autoimmune diabetes. This manuscript aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the immunomodulatory properties of vitamin D and DPP-4 inhibitors, as well as the rationale for investigation of their combined use as an immunomodulation therapy for autoimmune diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Maia Pinheiro
- UNIVAG, University Center, Dom Orlando Chaves Ave, 2655 - Cristo Rei, Várzea Grande, 78118-000 Mato Grosso, Brazil; Universidade Anhanguera de São Paulo - SP, 3305, Raimundo Pereira de Magalhães Ave., Pirituba, São Paulo, 05145-200 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Moura Maia Pinheiro
- Hospital de Base, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto FAMERP - SP, 5546, Brigadeiro Faria Lima Ave, Vila São Pedro, São José do Rio Preto, 15015-500 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Susana Nogueira Diniz
- Universidade Anhanguera de São Paulo - SP, 3305, Raimundo Pereira de Magalhães Ave., Pirituba, São Paulo, 05145-200 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea Fabbri
- Diabetes Research Institute Federation (DRIF), Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, CTO Andrea Alesini Hospital, ASL Roma 2, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via San Nemesio 21, 00145 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Infante
- Diabetes Research Institute Federation (DRIF), Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, CTO Andrea Alesini Hospital, ASL Roma 2, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via San Nemesio 21, 00145 Rome, Italy; UniCamillus, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via di Sant'Alessandro, 8, 00131 Rome, Italy; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Via San Nemesio 21, 00145 Rome, Italy.
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34
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Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on CD4 + T Cell Subsets and mTOR Signaling Pathway in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030796. [PMID: 33670988 PMCID: PMC7997284 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an impaired balance of CD4+ T cell subsets. Both vitamin D and obesity have been reported to affect the mTOR pathway. In this study, we investigated the effects of vitamin D on CD4+ T cell subsets and the mTOR pathway. Ten-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups and fed diets with different fat (control or high-fat diets: CON or HFD) and vitamin D contents (vitamin D control or supplemented diets: vDC or vDS) for 12 weeks. T cells purified by negative selection were stimulated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 mAbs and cultured for 48 h. The percentage of CD4+IL-17+ T cells was higher in the vDS than vDC groups. The CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells percentage was higher in HFD than CON groups. The phospho-p70S6K/total-p70S6K ratio was lower in vDS than vDC, but the phospho-AKT/total-AKT ratio was higher in vDS than vDC groups. Hif1α mRNA levels were lower in vDS than vDC groups. These findings suggest HIF1α plays an important role in vitamin-D-mediated regulation of glucose metabolism in T cells, and dietary vitamin D supplementation may contribute to the maintenance of immune homeostasis by regulating the mTOR pathway in T cells.
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Pagnini C, Picchianti-Diamanti A, Bruzzese V, Lorenzetti R, Luchetti MM, Martin Martin LS, Pica R, Scolieri P, Scribano ML, Zampaletta C, Chimenti MS, Lagana B. Vitamin D Signaling in Gastro-Rheumatology: From Immuno-Modulation to Potential Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052456. [PMID: 33671090 PMCID: PMC7957646 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, the comprehension of the pathophysiology of bone metabolism and its interconnections with multiple homeostatic processes has been consistently expanded. The branch of osteoimmunology specifically investigating the link between bone and immune system has been developed. Among molecular mediators potentially relevant in this field, vitamin D has been recently pointed out, and abnormalities of the vitamin D axis have been described in both in vitro and in vivo models of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and arthritis. Furthermore, vitamin D deficiency has been reported in patients affected by IBD and chronic inflammatory arthritis, thus suggesting the intriguing possibility of impacting the disease activity by the administration vitamin D supplements. In the present review, the complex interwoven link between vitamin D signaling, gut barrier integrity, microbiota composition, and the immune system was examined. Potential clinical application exploiting vitamin D pathway in the context of IBD and arthritis is presented and critically discussed. A more detailed comprehension of the vitamin D effects and interactions at molecular level would allow one to achieve a novel therapeutic approach in gastro-rheumatologic inflammatory diseases through the design of specific trials and the optimization of treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Pagnini
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, S. Giovanni Addolorata Hospital, 00184 Rome, Italy;
| | - Andrea Picchianti-Diamanti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, S. Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Vincenzo Bruzzese
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Gastroenterology, Nuovo Regina Margherita Hospital, 00153 Rome, Italy; (V.B.); (R.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Roberto Lorenzetti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Gastroenterology, Nuovo Regina Margherita Hospital, 00153 Rome, Italy; (V.B.); (R.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Michele Maria Luchetti
- Clinica Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | | | - Roberta Pica
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Sandro Pertini Hospital, 00157 Rome, Italy;
| | - Palma Scolieri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Gastroenterology, Nuovo Regina Margherita Hospital, 00153 Rome, Italy; (V.B.); (R.L.); (P.S.)
| | | | | | - Maria Sole Chimenti
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicina dei Sistemi, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00187 Rome, Italy;
| | - Bruno Lagana
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, S. Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy;
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36
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Infante M, Buoso A, Pieri M, Lupisella S, Nuccetelli M, Bernardini S, Fabbri A, Iannetta M, Andreoni M, Colizzi V, Morello M. Low Vitamin D Status at Admission as a Risk Factor for Poor Survival in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19: An Italian Retrospective Study. J Am Coll Nutr 2021; 41:250-265. [PMID: 33600292 PMCID: PMC7899172 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2021.1877580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preliminary findings suggest a relationship between lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and incidence and severity of COVID-19. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between vitamin D status at admission and different markers of inflammation, coagulation, and sepsis in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. METHOD We conducted a retrospective study on 137 consecutive patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and available data on serum 25(OH)D levels, who were admitted to our Institution between March 1 and April 30, 2020. Patients were divided into two groups: survivors (n = 78; 57%) and non-survivors (n = 59; 43%). RESULTS At admission, all patients showed hypovitaminosis D. Median total serum 25(OH)D levels at admission were significantly higher in survivors than non-survivors (12 ng/mL vs 8 ng/mL; p < 0.01). Non-survivors exhibited significantly higher median levels of white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte count ratio (NLR), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), ferritin, interleukin 6 (IL-6), D-dimer, fibrinogen, and procalcitonin (PCT) compared to survivors at three different time points during hospitalization. In a multivariate analysis performed by a logistic regression model, serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly inversely associated with risk of COVID-19-related in-hospital mortality (odds ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.85-0.98; p = 0.01). According to receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, hsCRP, NLR, ferritin, and D-dimer were the best predictive biomarkers for poor prognosis of COVID-19, whereas IL-6, PCT, fibrinogen, 25(OH)D, WBC count, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) may serve as supportive biomarkers for worse clinical course of the disease. CONCLUSIONS We found a markedly high prevalence (100%) of hypovitaminosis D in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19, suggesting a possible role of low vitamin D status in increasing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and subsequent hospitalization. The inverse association between serum 25(OH)D levels and risk of in-hospital mortality observed in our cohort suggests that a lower vitamin D status upon admission may represent a modifiable and independent risk factor for poor prognosis in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Infante
- Department of Systems Medicine, Diabetes Research Institute Federation (DRIF), CTO Hospital ASL Roma 2, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,UniCamillus, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Buoso
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Infectious Disease Clinic, Tor Vergata University Hospital (PTV), Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Pieri
- Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Clinical Biochemistry Department, Tor Vergata University Hospital (PTV), Rome, Italy
| | - Santina Lupisella
- Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Nuccetelli
- Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Clinical Biochemistry Department, Tor Vergata University Hospital (PTV), Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Fabbri
- Department of Systems Medicine, Diabetes Research Institute Federation (DRIF), CTO Hospital ASL Roma 2, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Iannetta
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Infectious Disease Clinic, Tor Vergata University Hospital (PTV), Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Andreoni
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Infectious Disease Clinic, Tor Vergata University Hospital (PTV), Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Colizzi
- UNESCO Chair of Biotechnology & Bioethics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Morello
- Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Clinical Biochemistry Department, Tor Vergata University Hospital (PTV), Rome, Italy
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37
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Mauck MC, Barton CE, Tungate A, Shupp JW, Karlnoski R, Smith DJ, Williams FN, Jones SW, McGrath KV, Cairns BA, McLean SA. Peritraumatic Vitamin D levels predict chronic pain severity and contribute to racial differences in pain outcomes following Major Thermal Burn Injury. J Burn Care Res 2021; 42:1186-1191. [PMID: 33564878 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irab031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Major thermal burn injuries result in approximately 40,000 hospitalizations in the United States each year. Chronic pain affects up to 60% of burn survivors, Black Americans have worse chronic pain outcomes than White Americans. Mechanisms of chronic pain pathogenesis after burn injury, and accounting for these racial differences, remain poorly understood. Due to socioeconomic disadvantage and differences in skin absorption, Black Americans have an increased prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency. We hypothesized that peritraumatic Vitamin D levels predict chronic pain outcomes after burn injury and contribute to racial differences in pain outcomes. Among burn survivors (n=77, 52% White, 48% Black, 77% male), peritraumatic Vitamin D levels were more likely to be deficient in Blacks vs. Whites (27/37 (73%) vs. 14/40 (35%), p<.001). Peritraumatic Vitamin D levels were inversely associated with chronic post-burn pain outcomes across all burn injury survivors, including those who were and were not Vitamin D deficient, and accounted for approximately 1/3 of racial differences in post-burn pain outcome. Future studies are needed to evaluate potential mechanisms mediating the effect of Vitamin D on post-burn pain outcomes and the potential efficacy of Vitamin D in improving pain outcomes and reducing racial differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Mauck
- Institute for Trauma Recovery.,Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Chloe E Barton
- Institute for Trauma Recovery.,Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Andrew Tungate
- Institute for Trauma Recovery.,Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jeffrey W Shupp
- The Burn Center, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC
| | - Rachel Karlnoski
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - David J Smith
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Samuel W Jones
- Jaycee Burn Center, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Kyle V McGrath
- Institute for Trauma Recovery.,Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Bruce A Cairns
- Jaycee Burn Center, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Samuel A McLean
- Institute for Trauma Recovery.,Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.,Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
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Kalia V, Studzinski GP, Sarkar S. Role of vitamin D in regulating COVID-19 severity-An immunological perspective. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 110:809-819. [PMID: 33464639 PMCID: PMC8014852 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4covr1020-698r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D, a key nutrient/prohormone classically associated with skeletal health, is also an important immunomodulator, with pleotropic effects on innate and adaptive immune cells. Outcomes of several chronic, autoimmune, and infectious diseases are linked to vitamin D. Emergent correlations of vitamin D insufficiency with coronavirus‐induced disease 2019 (COVID‐19) severity, alongside empirical and clinical evidence of immunoregulation by vitamin D in other pulmonary diseases, have prompted proposals of vitamin D supplementation to curb the COVID‐19 public health toll. In this review paper, we engage an immunological lens to discuss potential mechanisms by which vitamin D signals might regulate respiratory disease severity in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV2) infections, vis a vis other pulmonary infections. It is proposed that vitamin D signals temper lung inflammatory cascades during SARS‐CoV2 infection, and insufficiency of vitamin D causes increased inflammatory cytokine storm, thus leading to exacerbated respiratory disease. Additionally, analogous to studies of reduced cancer incidence, the dosage of vitamin D compounds administered to patients near the upper limit of safety may serve to maximize immune health benefits and mitigate inflammation and disease severity in SARS‐CoV2 infections. We further deliberate on the importance of statistically powered clinical correlative and interventional studies, and the need for in‐depth basic research into vitamin D‐dependent host determinants of respiratory disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Kalia
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - George P Studzinski
- Department of Pathology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Surojit Sarkar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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39
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Cristelo C, Machado A, Sarmento B, Gama FM. The roles of vitamin D and cathelicidin in type 1 diabetes susceptibility. Endocr Connect 2021; 10:R1-R12. [PMID: 33263562 PMCID: PMC7923048 DOI: 10.1530/ec-20-0484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes has an increasingly greater incidence and prevalence with no cure available. Vitamin D supplementation is well documented to reduce the risk of developing type 1 diabetes. Being involved in the modulation of cathelicidin expression, the question whether cathelicidin may be one of the underlying cause arises. Cathelicidin has been implicated in both the development and the protection against type 1 diabetes by mediating the interplay between the gut microbiome, the immune system and β cell function. While its potential on type 1 diabetes treatment seems high, the understanding of its effects is still limited. This review aims to contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the potential of vitamin D and cathelicidin as adjuvants in type 1 diabetes therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecília Cristelo
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CEB – Centro de Engenharia Biológica, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Machado
- CEB – Centro de Engenharia Biológica, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde & Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Miguel Gama
- CEB – Centro de Engenharia Biológica, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Correspondence should be addressed to F M Gama:
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40
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Kraus AU, Penna-Martinez M, Shoghi F, Meyer G, Badenhoop K. Monocytic Cytokines in Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type 2 Are Modulated by Vitamin D and HLA-DQ. Front Immunol 2020; 11:583709. [PMID: 33365026 PMCID: PMC7750404 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.583709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS-2: autoimmune Addison’s disease or type 1 diabetes) is conferred by predisposing HLA molecules, vitamin D deficiency, and heritable susceptibility. Organ destruction is accompanied by cytokine alterations. We addressed the monocytic cytokines of two distinct APS-2 cohorts, effects of vitamin D and HLA DQ risk. Methods APS-2 patients (n = 30) and healthy controls (n = 30) were genotyped for HLA DQA1/DQB1 and their CD14+ monocytes stimulated with IL1β and/or 1,25(OH)2D3 for 24 h. Immune regulatory molecules (IL-6, IL-10, IL-23A, IL-15, CCL-2, PD-L1), vitamin D pathway gene transcripts (CYP24A1, CYP27B1, VDR), and CD14 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and RTqPCR. Results Pro-inflammatory CCL-2 was higher in APS-2 patients than in controls (p = 0.001), whereas IL-6 showed a trend – (p = 0.1). In vitro treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 reduced proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, CCL-2, IL-23A, IL-15) whereas anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and PD-L1) rose both in APS-type 1 diabetes and APS-Addison´s disease. Patients with adrenal autoimmunity showed a stronger response to vitamin D. Expression of IL-23A and vitamin D pathway genes VDR and CYP27B1 varied by HLA genotype and was lower in healthy individuals with high-risk HLA (p = 0.0025; p = 0.04), while healthy controls with low-risk HLA showed a stronger IL-10 and CD14 expression (p = 0.01; p = 0.03). Conclusion 1,25(OH)2D3 regulates the monocytic response in APS-2 disorders type 1 diabetes or Addison´s disease. The monocytic cytokine profile of individuals carrying HLA high-risk alleles is proinflammatory, enhances polyglandular autoimmunity and can be targeted by vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna U Kraus
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marissa Penna-Martinez
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Firouzeh Shoghi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gesine Meyer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Klaus Badenhoop
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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41
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Berhan Y. What immunological and hormonal protective factors lower the risk of COVID-19 related deaths in pregnant women? J Reprod Immunol 2020; 142:103180. [PMID: 32739645 PMCID: PMC7368414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite anticipated increased risk of COVID-19 and increased expression of the SARS CoV-2 receptor (ACE2), the relatively low mortality of pregnant women with COVID-19 has been an area of wonder. The immunological changes predominantly inclining to anti-inflammatory state, which is augmented by placental hormones' immune modulating action, looks against with COVID-19 inflammatory reaction leading to cytokine storm and multiple organ failure. Unlike many other viral infections, the bilateral immune activation of COVID-19 may preferentially make pregnant women at low risk. Taking the physiological advantage of pregnant women, potential clinical trials are proposed. Quite a large number of epidemiological and obstetrics related studies have addressed the cases of women with COVID-19. However, to the best of the author's knowledge, little is done to explore the physiological internal milieu of pregnant women in relation to COVID-19. This review provides an insight into how the hormonal and immunological changes in pregnancy potentially reduce SARS-CoV-2-mediated inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifru Berhan
- St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Ethiopia.
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42
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Cheru LT, Saylor CF, Fitch KV, Looby SE, Lu M, Hoffmann U, Stanley TL, Lo J. Low vitamin D is associated with coronary atherosclerosis in women with HIV. Antivir Ther 2020; 24:505-512. [PMID: 31742564 DOI: 10.3851/imp3336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency is underdiagnosed and undertreated, especially among people living with HIV (PLWH). Recently, there has been an increased interest in the role of vitamin D in cardiovascular disease (CVD). While vitamin D deficiency has been associated with CVD in observational studies in the general population, there are limited data in PLWH. We therefore performed an analysis to assess the relationship of vitamin D and coronary atherosclerosis using coronary CT angiography (CCTA). METHODS Women living with HIV (WLWH) without known CVD were included. Based on the median value of serum vitamin D levels, participants were dichotomized to either the <25 ng/ml (lower vitamin D group) or ≥25 ng/ml (higher vitamin D group). CCTA was used to assess plaque characteristics. RESULTS Forty-three WLWH were included in the analyses (mean age 46 ±8 years, 56% African American, duration of HIV 15 ±6 years, 83% undetectable HIV viral load). WLWH in the lower vitamin D group (n=22) had significantly higher numbers of segments with any coronary plaque (2.27 ±3.01 versus 0.38 ±0.97; P=0.02) and segments with non-calcified coronary plaque (1.41 ±1.82 versus 0.29 ±0.64; P=0.03) compared with WLWH in the higher vitamin D group (n=21). After adjusting for Framingham CHD risk point score, body mass index, diabetes and race, the relationship remained significant. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates a significant, independent relationship between lower vitamin D status and higher numbers of noncalcified coronary plaque segments in WLWH. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the effect of vitamin D on CVD in PLWH. Trial Registration Identifier: NCT00455793.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lediya T Cheru
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles F Saylor
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen V Fitch
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara E Looby
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,The Yvonne L. Munn Center for Nursing Research, MGH, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Lu
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Udo Hoffmann
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Takara L Stanley
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Janet Lo
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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43
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Nonaka K, Akiyama J, Yoshikawa Y, Une S, Ito K. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Interleukin-6 Production by C2C12 Myotubes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56090450. [PMID: 32899782 PMCID: PMC7558322 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56090450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) inhibits proinflammatory cytokines in microglial cells and monocytes. However, it is unclear whether 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibits proinflammatory cytokines in muscle cells. This study was conducted to investigate whether 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibits the production of proinflammatory cytokines, resulting in inhibition of the protein expression of E3 ubiquitin ligases and muscle protein loss. Materials and Methods: C2C12 myoblasts were proliferated in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM) containing 10% fetal bovine serum, and myoblasts were differentiated into myotubes in DMEM containing 2% horse serum. Myotubes were treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 for 24 h, followed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation for 48 h. Results: Interleukin (IL)-6 protein concentrations were higher in the culture supernatant following LPS stimulation compared to that without LPS stimulation (p < 0.001). However, the IL-6 concentration was significantly lower in C2C12 myotubes following 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment than in C2C12 myotubes without 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment (p < 0.001). The myosin heavy chain (MHC), muscle atrophy F-box, and muscle ring-finger protein-1 protein levels did not significantly differ (P = 0.324, 0.552, and 0.352, respectively). We could not compare tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) protein levels because they were below the limit of detection of our assay in many supernatant samples, including in LPS-stimulated samples. Conclusions: 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibited increases in IL-6 protein concentrations in muscle cells stimulated by LPS, suggesting that 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibits inflammation in muscle cells. The findings suggest that 1,25(OH)2D3 can prevent or improve sarcopenia, which is associated with IL-6. The TNFα protein content could not be measured, and MHC was not decreased despite LPS stimulation of C2C12 myotubes. Further studies are needed to examine the effects of higher doses of LPS stimulation on muscle cells and use more sensitive methods for measuring TNFα protein to investigate the preventive effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on increased TNFα and muscle proteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Nonaka
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Naragakuen University, Nara, Nara 631-8524, Japan; (Y.Y.); (K.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-742-93-5425
| | - Junichi Akiyama
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Care and Social Welfare, Kibi International University, Takahashi, Okayama 716-8508, Japan;
| | - Yoshiyuki Yoshikawa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Naragakuen University, Nara, Nara 631-8524, Japan; (Y.Y.); (K.I.)
| | - Satsuki Une
- Faculty of Education, Kagawa University, Takamatsu 760-8521, Japan;
| | - Kenichi Ito
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Naragakuen University, Nara, Nara 631-8524, Japan; (Y.Y.); (K.I.)
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Savastio S, Cinquatti R, Tagliaferri F, Rabbone I, Bona G. Vitamin D effects and endocrine diseases. Minerva Pediatr 2020; 72:326-339. [PMID: 32506881 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4946.20.05915-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A lack of vitamin D has been linked to autoimmune diseases including type 1 diabetes, autoimmune thyroiditis and to obesity. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is higher in diabetic or obese children and patients with thyroiditis compared to healthy controls. Moreover, low vitamin D values seem to be associated with major complications and poor glycemic control, in particular in obese children. Supplementation with vitamin D, which has immune-regulatory properties, may support our therapies and improve the outcomes in different diseases. Although some studies suggest a possible role of vitamin D in the etiology of autoimmune diseases and obesity, data on supplementation benefits are inconclusive and further studies are needed. In this paper, we focus on the current evidence regarding vitamin D function in endocrine diseases and possible benefits of its supplementation in pediatric age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Savastio
- Unit of Pediatrics, Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy -
| | - Roberta Cinquatti
- Unit of Pediatrics, Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Francesco Tagliaferri
- Unit of Pediatrics, Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Ivana Rabbone
- Unit of Pediatrics, Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Gianni Bona
- Unit of Pediatrics, Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
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Häusler D, Torke S, Peelen E, Bertsch T, Djukic M, Nau R, Larochelle C, Zamvil SS, Brück W, Weber MS. High dose vitamin D exacerbates central nervous system autoimmunity by raising T-cell excitatory calcium. Brain 2020; 142:2737-2755. [PMID: 31302671 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor vitamin D status is associated with a higher relapse rate and earlier disability in multiple sclerosis. Based on these associations, patients with multiple sclerosis are frequently supplemented with the vitamin D precursor cholecalciferol, although it is unclear whether this regimen is of therapeutic benefit. To model consequences of this common practice, mice were fed for more than 3 months with a low, medium or high dose of cholecalciferol, representative of vitamin D deficiency, modest and disproportionally high supplementation, respectively, in patients with multiple sclerosis. Compared to vitamin D-deprived mice, its moderate supplementation reduced the severity of subsequent experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, which was associated with an expansion of regulatory T cells. Direct exposure of murine or human T cells to vitamin D metabolites inhibited their activation. In contrast, mice with 25-(OH) vitamin D levels above 200 nmol/l developed fulminant experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis with massive CNS infiltration of activated myeloid cells, Th1 and Th17 cells. When dissecting this unexpected outcome, we observed that high, but not medium dose vitamin D had caused mild hypercalcaemia, which rendered T cells more prone to pro-inflammatory activation. Exposing murine or human T cells to equivalent calcium concentrations in vitro enhanced its influx, triggering activation, upregulation of pro-inflammatory gene products and enhanced transmigration across a blood-brain barrier model. These findings suggest that vitamin D at moderate levels may exert a direct regulatory effect, while continuous high dose vitamin D treatment could trigger multiple sclerosis disease activity by raising mean levels of T-cell excitatory calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Häusler
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Torke
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Evelyn Peelen
- Department of Neurosciences, Centre de recherche de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Thomas Bertsch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, General Hospital Nuremberg, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Marija Djukic
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Geriatrics, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Göttingen-Weende, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Roland Nau
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Geriatrics, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Göttingen-Weende, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Catherine Larochelle
- Department of Neurosciences, Centre de recherche de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Scott S Zamvil
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wolfgang Brück
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin S Weber
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
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46
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Kim HA, Perrelli A, Ragni A, Retta F, De Silva TM, Sobey CG, Retta SF. Vitamin D Deficiency and the Risk of Cerebrovascular Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9040327. [PMID: 32316584 PMCID: PMC7222411 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has been clearly linked to major chronic diseases associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and aging, including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and cancer. In particular, the cardiovascular system appears to be highly sensitive to vitamin D deficiency, as this may result in endothelial dysfunction and vascular defects via multiple mechanisms. Accordingly, recent research developments have led to the proposal that pharmacological interventions targeting either vitamin D deficiency or its key downstream effects, including defective autophagy and abnormal pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory responses, may be able to limit the onset and severity of major cerebrovascular diseases, such as stroke and cerebrovascular malformations. Here we review the available evidence supporting the role of vitamin D in preventing or limiting the development of these cerebrovascular diseases, which are leading causes of disability and death all over the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ah Kim
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Microbiology and Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia; (H.A.K.); (T.M.D.S.)
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
| | - Andrea Perrelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, Italy;
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, Italy
| | - Alberto Ragni
- Oncological Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (A.R.); (F.R.)
| | - Francesca Retta
- Oncological Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (A.R.); (F.R.)
| | - T. Michael De Silva
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Microbiology and Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia; (H.A.K.); (T.M.D.S.)
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
| | - Christopher G. Sobey
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Microbiology and Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia; (H.A.K.); (T.M.D.S.)
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
- Correspondence: (C.G.S.); (S.F.R.); Tel.: +61-3-94791316 (C.G.S.); +39-011-6706426 (S.F.R.)
| | - Saverio Francesco Retta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, Italy;
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.G.S.); (S.F.R.); Tel.: +61-3-94791316 (C.G.S.); +39-011-6706426 (S.F.R.)
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Fallahi P, Ferrari SM, Ragusa F, Ruffilli I, Elia G, Paparo SR, Antonelli A. Th1 Chemokines in Autoimmune Endocrine Disorders. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5683662. [PMID: 31863667 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The CXC chemokine receptor CXCR3 and its chemokines CXCL10, CXCL9, and CXCL11 are implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Here, we review these chemokines in autoimmune thyroiditis (AT), Graves disease (GD), thyroid eye disease (TED), type 1 diabetes (T1D), and Addison's disease (AAD). EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A PubMed review of the literature was conducted, searching for the above-mentioned chemokines in combination with AT, GD, TED, T1D, and AAD. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Thyroid follicular cells in AT and GD, retroorbital cells in TED (fibroblasts, preadipocytes, myoblasts), β cells and islets in T1D, and adrenal cells in AAD respond to interferon-γ (IFN-γ) stimulation producing large amounts of these chemokines. Furthermore, lymphocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) are in part responsible for the secreted Th1 chemokines. In AT, GD, TED, T1D, and AAD, the circulating levels of these chemokines have been shown to be high. Furthermore, these chemokines have been associated with the early phases of the autoimmune response in all the above-mentioned disorders. High levels of these chemokines have been associated also with the "active phase" of the disease in GD, and also in TED. Other studies have shown an association with the severity of hypothyroidism in AD, of hyperthyroidism in GD, with severity of TED, or with fulminant T1D. CONCLUSION The reviewed data have shown the importance of the Th1 immune response in different endocrine autoimmune diseases, and many studies have suggested that CXCR3 and its chemokines might be considered as potential targets of new drugs for the treatment of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Ragusa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ruffilli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giusy Elia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Chung C, Silwal P, Kim I, Modlin RL, Jo EK. Vitamin D-Cathelicidin Axis: at the Crossroads between Protective Immunity and Pathological Inflammation during Infection. Immune Netw 2020; 20:e12. [PMID: 32395364 PMCID: PMC7192829 DOI: 10.4110/in.2020.20.e12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D signaling plays an essential role in innate defense against intracellular microorganisms via the generation of the antimicrobial protein cathelicidin. In addition to directly binding to and killing a range of pathogens, cathelicidin acts as a secondary messenger driving vitamin D-mediated inflammation during infection. Recent studies have elucidated the biological and clinical functions of cathelicidin in the context of vitamin D signaling. The vitamin D-cathelicidin axis is involved in the activation of autophagy, which enhances antimicrobial effects against diverse pathogens. Vitamin D studies have also revealed positive and negative regulatory effects of cathelicidin on inflammatory responses to pathogenic stimuli. Diverse innate and adaptive immune signals crosstalk with functional vitamin D receptor signals to enhance the role of cathelicidin action in cell-autonomous effector systems. In this review, we discuss recent findings that demonstrate how the vitamin D-cathelicidin pathway regulates autophagy machinery, protective immune defenses, and inflammation, and contributes to immune cooperation between innate and adaptive immunity. Understanding how the vitamin D-cathelicidin axis operates in the host response to infection will create opportunities for the development of new therapeutic approaches against a variety of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaeuk Chung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Prashanta Silwal
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Insoo Kim
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Robert L Modlin
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
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49
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Xie B, Ma Y, Xi Y, Di A, Chen X, Chen Y, Zhang L, Xu S, Wang C, Yan G, Qi Z. Combined treatment with vitamin D3 and antibody agents suppresses secondary heart transplant rejection in the early postoperative period. Transpl Immunol 2020; 59:101270. [PMID: 31953155 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2020.101270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accelerated transplant rejection mediated by donor reactive memory T cells is another barrier to the induction of graft tolerance. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunosuppressing effects of vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3), administered alone or in combination with a costimulatory blockade treatment, on rejection of secondary heart allografts in a mouse model. METHODS Circular full-thickness skin grafts from BALB/c mice were cut and grafted onto the lumbar regions of C57BL/6 mice as allo-primed recipients. Four weeks after skin grafting, the vascularized hearts from the BALB/c mice were transplanted heterotopically into the allo-primed recipients using a non-suture cuff technique. The recipients were then randomly divided into four groups and given either intraperitoneal injection of isotype, Ab, 1,25(OH)2D3, or a combination of Ab and 1,25(OH)2D3. Allograft incidence was determined by hematoxylin-eosin staining, and cytokine expression was assessed by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and cytometric bead arrays. Spleen cells from the recipient were used to assess mixed lymphocyte reactions. Memory T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in spleen cells were measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS The median allograft survival time was longer with the combined treatment with Ab and 1,25(OH)2D3 than with no treatment or with treatment with Ab or 1,25(OH)2D3 alone. The grafts were protected from infiltration by inflammatory cells and by inhibition of interleukin 2 and interferon gamma expression. Rejection was initially suppressed in the early postoperative period by a reduction in the number of memory T cells and induction of Foxp3+ Tregs, but this effect disappeared by day 15 after transplantation upon withdrawal of the treatment. CONCLUSION Vitamin D3 administered as an immunosuppressive agent, when combined with monoclonal antibody treatment, may protect heart grafts from memory T cell responses in a secondary heart transplant model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyi Xie
- Organ Transplantation institute, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen, Fujian, China; School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yunhan Ma
- Organ Transplantation institute, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen, Fujian, China; School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yanfeng Xi
- Organ Transplantation institute, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen, Fujian, China; School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; The Tumor Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Anjie Di
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- Organ Transplantation institute, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen, Fujian, China; School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Liyi Zhang
- Organ Transplantation institute, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen, Fujian, China; School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Shuangyue Xu
- Organ Transplantation institute, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen, Fujian, China; School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Guoliang Yan
- Organ Transplantation institute, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen, Fujian, China; School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Zhongquan Qi
- Organ Transplantation institute, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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Infante M, Ricordi C, Padilla N, Alvarez A, Linetsky E, Lanzoni G, Mattina A, Bertuzzi F, Fabbri A, Baidal D, Alejandro R. The Role of Vitamin D and Omega-3 PUFAs in Islet Transplantation. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2937. [PMID: 31816979 PMCID: PMC6950335 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrence of autoimmunity and allograft rejection represent major challenges that impact the success of islet transplantation. Despite the remarkable improvements achieved in immunosuppression strategies after the publication of the Edmonton protocol, long-term data of intra-hepatic islet transplantation show a gradual decline in beta-cell function. Therefore, there is a growing interest in the investigation of novel, safe and effective anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory strategies able to promote long-term islet graft survival and notable improvements in clinical outcomes of islet transplant recipients. Vitamin D has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Pre-clinical studies investigating the use of vitamin D and its analogs (alone or in combination with immunosuppressive agents and/or other anti-inflammatory agents, such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) showed beneficial results in terms of islet graft survival and prevention of recurrence of autoimmunity/allograft rejection in animal models of syngeneic and allogeneic islet transplantation. Moreover, epidemiologic studies demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent after solid organ transplantation (e.g., heart, liver or kidney transplantation). However, studies that critically assess the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among islet transplant recipients have yet to be conducted. In addition, prospective studies aimed to address the safety and efficacy of vitamin D supplementation as an adjuvant immunomodulatory strategy in islet transplant recipients are lacking and are therefore awaited in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Infante
- Diabetes Research Institute (DRI) and Clinical Cell Transplant Program, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (C.R.); (N.P.); (A.A.); (G.L.); (D.B.); (R.A.)
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Camillo Ricordi
- Diabetes Research Institute (DRI) and Clinical Cell Transplant Program, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (C.R.); (N.P.); (A.A.); (G.L.); (D.B.); (R.A.)
| | - Nathalia Padilla
- Diabetes Research Institute (DRI) and Clinical Cell Transplant Program, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (C.R.); (N.P.); (A.A.); (G.L.); (D.B.); (R.A.)
| | - Ana Alvarez
- Diabetes Research Institute (DRI) and Clinical Cell Transplant Program, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (C.R.); (N.P.); (A.A.); (G.L.); (D.B.); (R.A.)
| | - Elina Linetsky
- Diabetes Research Institute (DRI) and Cell Transplant Center, cGMP Cell Processing Facility, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Giacomo Lanzoni
- Diabetes Research Institute (DRI) and Clinical Cell Transplant Program, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (C.R.); (N.P.); (A.A.); (G.L.); (D.B.); (R.A.)
| | - Alessandro Mattina
- Diabetes and Islet Transplantation Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services, IRCCS-ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione), UPMC, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | | | - Andrea Fabbri
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - David Baidal
- Diabetes Research Institute (DRI) and Clinical Cell Transplant Program, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (C.R.); (N.P.); (A.A.); (G.L.); (D.B.); (R.A.)
| | - Rodolfo Alejandro
- Diabetes Research Institute (DRI) and Clinical Cell Transplant Program, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (C.R.); (N.P.); (A.A.); (G.L.); (D.B.); (R.A.)
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