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Futosi K, Németh T, Horváth ÁI, Abram CL, Tusnády S, Lowell CA, Helyes Z, Mócsai A. Myeloid Src-family kinases are critical for neutrophil-mediated autoinflammation in gout and motheaten models. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20221010. [PMID: 37074415 PMCID: PMC10120404 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoinflammatory diseases include a number of monogenic systemic inflammatory diseases, as well as acquired autoinflammatory diseases such as gout. Here, we show that the myeloid Src-family kinases Hck, Fgr, and Lyn are critical for experimental models of gout, as well as for genetically determined systemic inflammation in the Ptpn6me-v/me-v (motheaten viable) mouse model. The Hck-/-Fgr-/-Lyn-/- mutation abrogated various monosodium urate (MSU) crystal-induced pro-inflammatory responses of neutrophils, and protected mice from the development of gouty arthritis. The Src-family inhibitor dasatinib abrogated MSU crystal-induced responses of human neutrophils and reduced experimental gouty arthritis in mice. The Hck-/-Fgr-/-Lyn-/- mutation also abrogated spontaneous inflammation and prolonged the survival of the Ptpn6me-v/me-v mice. Spontaneous adhesion and superoxide release of Ptpn6me-v/me-v neutrophils were also abolished by the Hck-/-Fgr-/-Lyn-/- mutation. Excessive activation of tyrosine phosphorylation pathways in myeloid cells may characterize a subset of autoinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Futosi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-SE Inflammation Physiology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Németh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE “Lendület” Translational Rheumatology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám I. Horváth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School and János Szentágothai Research Centre, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Clare L. Abram
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Simon Tusnády
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Clifford A. Lowell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School and János Szentágothai Research Centre, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- PharmInVivo Ltd., Pécs, Hungary
| | - Attila Mócsai
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-SE Inflammation Physiology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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2
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Matsumoto K, Suzuki K, Yasuoka H, Hirahashi J, Yoshida H, Magi M, Noguchi-Sasaki M, Kaneko Y, Takeuchi T. Longitudinal monitoring of circulating immune cell phenotypes in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. Autoimmun Rev 2023; 22:103271. [PMID: 36627064 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a necrotizing multiorgan autoimmune disease that affects small- to medium-sized blood vessels. Despite the improvements in treatments, half of the patients with AAV still experience disease relapses. In this review, we focus on peripheral leukocyte properties and phenotypes in patients with AAV. In particular, we explore longitudinal changes in circulating immune cell phenotypes during the active phase of the disease and treatment. The numbers and phenotypes of leukocytes in peripheral blood were differs between AAV and healthy controls, AAV in active versus inactive phase, AAV in treatment responders versus non-responders, and AAV with and without severe infection. Therefore, biomarkers detected in peripheral blood immune cells may be useful for longitudinal monitoring of disease activity in AAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Matsumoto
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Katsuya Suzuki
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidekata Yasuoka
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Junichi Hirahashi
- Center for General Medicine Education, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Mayu Magi
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Yuko Kaneko
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takeuchi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Naish E, Wood AJT, Stewart AP, Routledge M, Morris AC, Chilvers ER, Lodge KM. The formation and function of the neutrophil phagosome. Immunol Rev 2023; 314:158-180. [PMID: 36440666 PMCID: PMC10952784 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant circulating leukocyte and are crucial to the initial innate immune response to infection. One of their key pathogen-eliminating mechanisms is phagocytosis, the process of particle engulfment into a vacuole-like structure called the phagosome. The antimicrobial activity of the phagocytic process results from a collaboration of multiple systems and mechanisms within this organelle, where a complex interplay of ion fluxes, pH, reactive oxygen species, and antimicrobial proteins creates a dynamic antimicrobial environment. This complexity, combined with the difficulties of studying neutrophils ex vivo, has led to gaps in our knowledge of how the neutrophil phagosome optimizes pathogen killing. In particular, controversy has arisen regarding the relative contribution and integration of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-derived antimicrobial agents and granule-delivered antimicrobial proteins. Clinical syndromes arising from dysfunction in these systems in humans allow useful insight into these mechanisms, but their redundancy and synergy add to the complexity. In this article, we review the current knowledge regarding the formation and function of the neutrophil phagosome, examine new insights into the phagosomal environment that have been permitted by technological advances in recent years, and discuss aspects of the phagocytic process that are still under debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Naish
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Alexander JT Wood
- Medical SchoolUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
- Department of Critical CareUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | | | - Matthew Routledge
- Department of MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Division of Immunology, Department of PathologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Andrew Conway Morris
- Department of MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Division of Immunology, Department of PathologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Edwin R Chilvers
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
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Siekacz K, Kumor-Kisielewska A, Miłkowska-Dymanowska J, Pietrusińska M, Bartczak K, Majewski S, Stańczyk A, Piotrowski WJ, Białas AJ. Soluble ITGaM and ITGb2 Integrin Subunits Are Involved in Long-Term Pulmonary Complications after COVID-19 Infection. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12010342. [PMID: 36615143 PMCID: PMC9821073 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Introduction: The role of soluble integrins in post-COVID-19 complications is unclear, especially in long-term pulmonary lesions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between soluble ITGa2, ITGaM and ITGb2 integrin subunits and long COVID-19 pulmonary complications. (2) Methodology: Post-COVID-19 patients were enrolled. According to the evidence of persistent interstitial lung lesions on CT, patients were divided into a long-term pulmonary complications group (P(+)) and a control group without long-term pulmonary complications (P(-)). We randomly selected 80 patients for further investigation (40 subjects for each group). Levels of ITGa2, ITGaM and ITGb2 integrin subunits were determined by ELISA assay. (3) Results: The serum concentration of sITGaM and sITGb2 were significantly higher in the P(+) group (sITGaM 18.63 ng/mL [IQR 14.17-28.83] vs. 14.75 ng/mL [IQR 10.91-20] p = 0.01 and sITGb2 10.55 ng/mL [IQR 6.53-15.83] vs. 6.34 ng/mL [IQR 4.98-9.68] p = 0.002). We observed a statistically significant correlation between sITGaM and sITGb2 elevation in the P(+) group (R = 0.42; p = 0.01). Patients from the P(+) group had a lower (1.82 +/-0.84 G/L) lymphocyte level than the P(-)group (2.28 +/-0.79 G/L), p = 0.03. Furthermore, we observed an inverse correlation in the P(-) group between blood lymphocyte count and sITGb2 integrin subunit levels (R = -0.49 p = 0.01). (4) Conclusions: Elevated concentrations of sITGaM and sITGb2 were associated with long-term pulmonary complications in post-COVID-19 patients. Both sITGaM and sITGb2 may be promising biomarkers for predicting pulmonary complications and could be a potential target for therapeutic intervention in post-COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Siekacz
- Department of Pneumology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Krystian Bartczak
- Department of Pneumology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | - Sebastian Majewski
- Department of Pneumology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | - Adam Stańczyk
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Adam J. Białas
- Department of Pneumology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Regional Medical Center for Lung Diseases and Rehabilitation, 91-520 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K) Orchestrates Aspergillus fumigatus-Induced Eosinophil Activation Independently of Canonical Toll-Like Receptor (TLR)/C-Type-Lectin Receptor (CLR) Signaling. mBio 2022; 13:e0123922. [PMID: 35695427 PMCID: PMC9426586 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01239-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilia is associated with various persisting inflammatory diseases and often coincides with chronic fungal infections or fungal allergy as in the case of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). Here, we show that intranasal administration of live Aspergillus fumigatus conidia causes fatal lung damage in eosinophilic interleukin-5 (IL-5)-transgenic mice. To further investigate the activation of eosinophils by A. fumigatus, we established a coculture system of mouse bone marrow-derived eosinophils (BMDE) with different A. fumigatus morphotypes and analyzed the secretion of cytokines, chemokines, and eicosanoids. A. fumigatus-stimulated BMDE upregulated expression of CD11b and downregulated CD62L and CCR3. They further secreted several proinflammatory mediators, including IL-4, IL-13, IL-18, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α)/CC chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3), MIP-1β/CCL4, and thromboxane. This effect required direct interaction and adherence between eosinophils and A. fumigatus, as A. fumigatus culture supernatants or A. fumigatus mutant strains with impaired adhesion elicited a rather poor eosinophil response. Unexpectedly, canonical Toll-like receptor (TLR) or C-type-lectin receptor (CLR) signaling was largely dispensable, as the absence of MYD88, TRIF, or caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (CARD9) resulted in only minor alterations. However, transcriptome analysis indicated a role for the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway in A. fumigatus-induced eosinophil activation. Correspondingly, we could show that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors successfully prevent A. fumigatus-induced eosinophil activation. The PI3K pathway in eosinophils may therefore serve as a potential drug target to interfere with undesired eosinophil activation in fungus-elicited eosinophilic disorders.
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Novel Functions of Integrins as Receptors of CD154: Their Role in Inflammation and Apoptosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111747. [PMID: 35681441 PMCID: PMC9179867 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CD154, an inflammatory mediator also known as CD40 ligand, has been identified as a novel binding partner for some members of the integrin family. The αIIbβ3, specifically expressed on platelets, was the first integrin to be described as a receptor for CD154 after CD40. Its interaction with soluble CD154 (sCD154) highly contributes to thrombus formation and stability. Identifying αIIbβ3 opened the door for investigating other integrins as partners of CD154. The αMβ2 expressed on myeloid cells was shown capable of binding CD154 and contributing as such to cell activation, adhesion, and release of proinflammatory mediators. In parallel, α5β1 communicates with sCD154, inducing pro-inflammatory responses. Additional pathogenic effects involving apoptosis-preventing functions were exhibited by the CD154–α5β1 dyad in T cells, conferring a role for such interaction in the survival of malignant cells, as well as the persistence of autoreactive T cells. More recently, CD154 receptors integrated two new integrin members, αvβ3 and α4β1, with little known as to their biological significance in this context. This article provides an overview of the novel role of integrins as receptors of CD154 and as critical players in pro-inflammatory and apoptotic responses.
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Mauersberger C, Hinterdobler J, Schunkert H, Kessler T, Sager HB. Where the Action Is-Leukocyte Recruitment in Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:813984. [PMID: 35087886 PMCID: PMC8787128 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.813984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death worldwide and leukocyte recruitment is a key element of this phenomenon, thus allowing immune cells to enter the arterial wall. There, in concert with accumulating lipids, the invading leukocytes trigger a plethora of inflammatory responses which promote the influx of additional leukocytes and lead to the continued growth of atherosclerotic plaques. The recruitment process follows a precise scheme of tethering, rolling, firm arrest, crawling and transmigration and involves multiple cellular and subcellular players. This review aims to provide a comprehensive up-to-date insight into the process of leukocyte recruitment relevant to atherosclerosis, each from the perspective of endothelial cells, monocytes and macrophages, neutrophils, T lymphocytes and platelets. In addition, therapeutic options targeting leukocyte recruitment into atherosclerotic lesions-or potentially arising from the growing body of insights into its precise mechanisms-are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Mauersberger
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Hinterdobler
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Thorsten Kessler
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Hendrik B. Sager
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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8
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McCreedy DA, Abram CL, Hu Y, Min SW, Platt ME, Kirchhoff MA, Reid SK, Jalufka FL, Lowell CA. Spleen tyrosine kinase facilitates neutrophil activation and worsens long-term neurologic deficits after spinal cord injury. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:302. [PMID: 34952603 PMCID: PMC8705173 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02353-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury elicits widespread inflammation that can exacerbate long-term neurologic deficits. Neutrophils are the most abundant immune cell type to invade the spinal cord in the early acute phase after injury, however, their role in secondary pathogenesis and functional recovery remains unclear. We have previously shown that neutrophil functional responses during inflammation are augmented by spleen tyrosine kinase, Syk, a prominent intracellular signaling enzyme. In this study, we evaluated the contribution of Syk towards neutrophil function and long-term neurologic deficits after spinal cord injury. Methods Contusive spinal cord injury was performed at thoracic vertebra level 9 in mice with conditional deletion of Syk in neutrophils (Sykf/fMRP8-Cre). Hindlimb locomotor recovery was evaluated using an open-field test for 35 days following spinal cord injury. Long-term white matter sparing was assessed using eriochrome cyanide staining. Blood-spinal cord barrier disruption was evaluated by immunoblotting. Neutrophil infiltration, activation, effector functions, and cell death were determined by flow cytometry. Cytokine and chemokine expression in neutrophils was assessed using a gene array. Results Syk deficiency in neutrophils improved long-term functional recovery after spinal cord injury, but did not promote long-term white matter sparing. Neutrophil activation, cytokine expression, and cell death in the acutely injured spinal cord were attenuated by the genetic loss of Syk while neutrophil infiltration and effector functions were not affected. Acute blood-spinal cord barrier disruption was also unaffected by Syk deficiency in neutrophils. Conclusions Syk facilitates specific neutrophil functional responses to spinal cord injury including activation, cytokine expression, and cell death. Long-term neurologic deficits are exacerbated by Syk signaling in neutrophils independent of acute blood-spinal cord barrier disruption and long-term white matter sparing. These findings implicate Syk in pathogenic neutrophil activities that worsen long-term functional recovery after spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan A McCreedy
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Dr, ILSB 3128, College Station, TX, 77843, USA. .,Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Immunology Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Clare L Abram
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Immunology Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Yongmei Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Immunology Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Sun Won Min
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Dr, ILSB 3128, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Madison E Platt
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Dr, ILSB 3128, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Megan A Kirchhoff
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Dr, ILSB 3128, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Shelby K Reid
- Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Frank L Jalufka
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Dr, ILSB 3128, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Clifford A Lowell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Immunology Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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Bader A, Gao J, Rivière T, Schmid B, Walzog B, Maier-Begandt D. Molecular Insights Into Neutrophil Biology From the Zebrafish Perspective: Lessons From CD18 Deficiency. Front Immunol 2021; 12:677994. [PMID: 34557186 PMCID: PMC8453019 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.677994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are key players in innate immunity and originate from the bone marrow of the adult mammalian organism. In mammals, mature neutrophils are released from the bone marrow into the peripheral blood where they circulate until their recruitment to sites of inflammation in a multistep adhesion cascade. Here, adhesion molecules of the β2 integrin family (CD11/CD18) are critically required for the initial neutrophil adhesion to the inflamed endothelium and several post-adhesion steps allowing their extravasation into the inflamed tissue. Within the mammalian tissue, interstitial neutrophil migration can occur widely independent of β2 integrins. This is in sharp contrast to neutrophil recruitment in zebrafish larvae (Danio rerio) where neutrophils originate from the caudal hematopoietic tissue and mainly migrate interstitially to sites of lesion upon the early onset of inflammation. However, neutrophils extravasate from the circulation to the inflamed tissue in zebrafish larvae at later-time points. Although zebrafish larvae are a widely accepted model system to analyze neutrophil trafficking in vivo, the functional impact of β2 integrins for neutrophil trafficking during acute inflammation is completely unknown in this model. In this study, we generated zebrafish with a genetic deletion of CD18, the β subunit of β2 integrins, using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Sequence alignments demonstrated a high similarity of the amino acid sequences between zebrafish and human CD18 especially in the functionally relevant I-like domain. In addition, the cytoplasmic domain of CD18 harbors two highly conserved NXXF motifs suggesting that zebrafish CD18 may share functional properties of human CD18. Accordingly, CD18 knock-out (KO) zebrafish larvae displayed the key symptoms of patients suffering from leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) type I due to defects in ITGB2, the gene for CD18. Importantly, CD18 KO zebrafish larvae showed reduced neutrophil trafficking to sites of sterile inflammation despite the fact that an increased number of neutrophils was detectable in the circulation. By demonstrating the functional importance of CD18 for neutrophil trafficking in zebrafish larvae, our findings shed new light on neutrophil biology in vertebrates and introduce a new model organism for studying LAD type I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almke Bader
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jincheng Gao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Thibaud Rivière
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Schmid
- Fish Core Unit, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Walzog
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Maier-Begandt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Trivedi A, Tercovich KG, Casbon AJ, Raber J, Lowell C, Noble-Haeusslein LJ. Neutrophil-specific deletion of Syk results in recruitment-independent stabilization of the barrier and a long-term improvement in cognitive function after traumatic injury to the developing brain. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 157:105430. [PMID: 34153467 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability in children, we have yet to identify those pathogenic events that determine the extent of recovery. Neutrophils are best known as "first responders" to sites of infection and trauma where they become fully activated, killing pathogens via proteases that are released during degranulation. However, this activational state may generate substantial toxicity in the young brain after TBI that is partially due to developmentally regulated inadequate antioxidant reserves. Neutrophil degranulation is triggered via a downstream signaling pathway that is dependent on spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk). To test the hypothesis that the activational state of neutrophils is a determinant of early pathogenesis and long-term recovery, we compared young, brain-injured conditional knockouts of Syk (sykf/fMRP8-cre+) to congenic littermates (sykf/f). Based upon flow cytometry, there was an extended recruitment of distinct leukocyte subsets, including Ly6G+/Ly6C- and Ly6G+/Ly6Cint, over the first several weeks post-injury which was similar between genotypes. Subsequent assessment of the acutely injured brain revealed a reduction in blood-brain barrier disruption to both high and low molecular weight dextrans and reactive oxygen species in sykf/fMRP8-cre+ mice compared to congenic littermates, and this was associated with greater preservation of claudin 5 and neuronal integrity, as determined by Western blot analyses. At adulthood, motor learning was less affected in brain-injured sykf/fMRP8-cre+ mice as compared to sykf/f mice. Performance in the Morris Water Maze revealed a robust improvement in hippocampal-dependent acquisition and short and long-term spatial memory retention in sykf/fMRP8-cre+ mice. Subsequent analyses of swim path lengths during hidden platform training and probe trials showed greater thigmotaxis in brain-injured sykf/f mice than sham sykf/f mice and injured sykf/fMRP8-cre+ mice. Our results establish the first mechanistic link between the activation state of neutrophils and long-term functional recovery after traumatic injury to the developing brain. These results also highlight Syk kinase as a novel therapeutic target that could be further developed for the brain-injured child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpa Trivedi
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Departments of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Kayleen G Tercovich
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Amy Jo Casbon
- Departments of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jacob Raber
- Departments of Behavioral Neuroscience, Neurology, and Radiation Medicine, ONPRC, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Clifford Lowell
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Linda J Noble-Haeusslein
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Departments of Neurology and Psychology, The Dell Medical School and the College of Liberal Arts, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Lamers C, Plüss CJ, Ricklin D. The Promiscuous Profile of Complement Receptor 3 in Ligand Binding, Immune Modulation, and Pathophysiology. Front Immunol 2021; 12:662164. [PMID: 33995387 PMCID: PMC8118671 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.662164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The β2-integrin receptor family has a broad spectrum of physiological functions ranging from leukocyte adhesion, cell migration, activation, and communication to the phagocytic uptake of cells and particles. Among the members of this family, complement receptor 3 (CR3; CD11b/CD18, Mac-1, αMβ2) is particularly promiscuous in its functional profile and ligand selectivity. There are close to 100 reported structurally unrelated ligands for CR3, and while many ligands appear to cluster at the αMI domain, molecular details about binding modes remain largely elusive. The versatility of CR3 is reflected in its functional portfolio, which includes prominent roles in the removal of invaders and cell debris, induction of tolerance and synaptic pruning, and involvement in the pathogenesis of numerous autoimmune and chronic inflammatory pathologies. While CR3 is an interesting therapeutic target for immune modulation due to these known pathophysiological associations, drug development efforts are limited by concerns of potential interference with host defense functions and, most importantly, an insufficient molecular understanding of the interplay between ligand binding and functional impact. Here, we provide a systematic summary of the various interaction partners of CR3 with a focus on binding mechanisms and functional implications. We also discuss the roles of CR3 as an immune receptor in health and disease, as an activation marker in research and diagnostics, and as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Lamers
- Molecular Pharmacy Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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12
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The study on structure-activity relationship between chromone derivatives and inhibition of superoxide anion generating from human neutrophils. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 36:127822. [PMID: 33508463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Over activation of neutrophils has been linked to many inflammatory diseases; one of critical pathologic mechanisms is that generation and exocellular release of superoxide anion from neutrophils results in peripheral tissues damage. Besides, in this study, 2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenoxy)-5,7-dimethoxy-chromen-4-one (4), a 2-phexnoychromone from our compound bank, was demonstrated to have the moderate inhibitory effect on superoxide anion generating. Therefore, serial chromones substituted with phenols or 3-flourothiophenol were designed, synthesized, and examined for suppression of superoxide anion generation. In accordance with the results, the methoxy group at 7 position (R3) of the chromone, as well as a hydrogen bond donor at a meta site of the phenyl ring greatly impacted on the activity. 2-(3-fluorophenyl)sulfanyl-7-methoxy-chromen-4-one (16), a successful example of bioisosteres from a phenol to a thiophenol, exhibited prominent anti-inflammatory effects with the IC50 value against superoxide anion generation of 5.0 ± 1.4 μM.
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13
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Arnhold J. The Dual Role of Myeloperoxidase in Immune Response. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8057. [PMID: 33137905 PMCID: PMC7663354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The heme protein myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a major constituent of neutrophils. As a key mediator of the innate immune system, neutrophils are rapidly recruited to inflammatory sites, where they recognize, phagocytose, and inactivate foreign microorganisms. In the newly formed phagosomes, MPO is involved in the creation and maintenance of an alkaline milieu, which is optimal in combatting microbes. Myeloperoxidase is also a key component in neutrophil extracellular traps. These helpful properties are contrasted by the release of MPO and other neutrophil constituents from necrotic cells or as a result of frustrated phagocytosis. Although MPO is inactivated by the plasma protein ceruloplasmin, it can interact with negatively charged components of serum and the extracellular matrix. In cardiovascular diseases and many other disease scenarios, active MPO and MPO-modified targets are present in atherosclerotic lesions and other disease-specific locations. This implies an involvement of neutrophils, MPO, and other neutrophil products in pathogenesis mechanisms. This review critically reflects on the beneficial and harmful functions of MPO against the background of immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Arnhold
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04 107 Leipzig, Germany
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14
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Mahiddine K, Blaisdell A, Ma S, Créquer-Grandhomme A, Lowell CA, Erlebacher A. Relief of tumor hypoxia unleashes the tumoricidal potential of neutrophils. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:389-403. [PMID: 31600172 DOI: 10.1172/jci130952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are increasingly recognized to influence solid tumor development, but why their effects are so context dependent and even frequently divergent remains poorly understood. Using an autochthonous mouse model of uterine cancer and the administration of respiratory hyperoxia as a means to improve tumor oxygenation, we provide in vivo evidence that hypoxia is a potent determinant of tumor-associated PMN phenotypes and direct PMN-tumor cell interactions. Upon relief of tumor hypoxia, PMNs were recruited less intensely to the tumor-bearing uterus, but the recruited cells much more effectively killed tumor cells, an activity our data moreover suggested was mediated via their production of NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species and MMP-9. Simultaneously, their ability to promote tumor cell proliferation, which appeared to be mediated via their production of neutrophil elastase, was rendered less effective. Relieving tumor hypoxia thus greatly improved net PMN-dependent tumor control, leading to a massive reduction in tumor burden. Remarkably, this outcome was T cell independent. Together, these findings identify key hypoxia-regulated molecular mechanisms through which PMNs directly induce tumor cell death and proliferation in vivo and suggest that the contrasting properties of PMNs in different tumor settings may in part reflect the effects of hypoxia on direct PMN-tumor cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Mahiddine
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Adam Blaisdell
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stephany Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Clifford A Lowell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Program.,ImmunoX Program, and
| | - Adrian Erlebacher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Program.,ImmunoX Program, and.,Center for Reproductive Sciences, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
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15
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Torres-Gomez A, Cabañas C, Lafuente EM. Phagocytic Integrins: Activation and Signaling. Front Immunol 2020; 11:738. [PMID: 32425937 PMCID: PMC7203660 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagocytic integrins are endowed with the ability to engulf and dispose of particles of different natures. Evolutionarily conserved from worms to humans, they are involved in pathogen elimination and apoptotic and tumoral cell clearance. Research in the field of integrin-mediated phagocytosis has shed light on the molecular events controlling integrin activation and their effector functions. However, there are still some aspects of the regulation of the phagocytic process that need to be clarified. Here, we have revised the molecular events controlling phagocytic integrin activation and the downstream signaling driving particle engulfment, and we have focused particularly on αMβ2/CR3, αXβ2/CR4, and a brief mention of αVβ5/αVβ3integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Torres-Gomez
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Cabañas
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain.,Severo Ochoa Center for Molecular Biology (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther M Lafuente
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
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16
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Lodge KM, Cowburn AS, Li W, Condliffe AM. The Impact of Hypoxia on Neutrophil Degranulation and Consequences for the Host. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041183. [PMID: 32053993 PMCID: PMC7072819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are key effector cells of innate immunity, rapidly recruited to defend the host against invading pathogens. Neutrophils may kill pathogens intracellularly, following phagocytosis, or extracellularly, by degranulation and the release of neutrophil extracellular traps; all of these microbicidal strategies require the deployment of cytotoxic proteins and proteases, packaged during neutrophil development within cytoplasmic granules. Neutrophils operate in infected and inflamed tissues, which can be profoundly hypoxic. Neutrophilic infiltration of hypoxic tissues characterises a myriad of acute and chronic infectious and inflammatory diseases, and as well as potentially protecting the host from pathogens, neutrophil granule products have been implicated in causing collateral tissue damage in these scenarios. This review discusses the evidence for the enhanced secretion of destructive neutrophil granule contents observed in hypoxic environments and the potential mechanisms for this heightened granule exocytosis, highlighting implications for the host. Understanding the dichotomy of the beneficial and detrimental consequences of neutrophil degranulation in hypoxic environments is crucial to inform potential neutrophil-directed therapeutics in order to limit persistent, excessive, or inappropriate inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine M. Lodge
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK; (K.M.L.); (A.S.C.)
| | - Andrew S. Cowburn
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK; (K.M.L.); (A.S.C.)
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK;
| | - Alison M. Condliffe
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
- Correspondence:
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17
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Li J, Deng Z, Zhang X, Liu F, Yang C, Shi GP. Deficiency of immunoglobulin E protects mice from experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms. FASEB J 2020; 34:3091-3104. [PMID: 31909541 PMCID: PMC7018578 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902095rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma with high plasma IgE levels is a significant risk factor of human abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). This study tests a direct role of IgE in angiotensin-II (Ang-II) perfusion- and peri-aortic CaCl2 injury-induced AAA in mice. In both models, IgE-deficiency in Apoe-/- Ige-/- mice blunts AAA growth and reduces lesion accumulation of macrophages, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and lesion MHC class-II expression, CD31+ microvessel growth, and media smooth muscle cell loss, compared with those from Apoe-/- control mice. Real time-PCR reveals significant reductions in expression of neutrophil chemoattractants MIP-2α and CXCL5 in AAA lesions or macrophages from Apoe-/- Ige-/- mice, along with reduced lesion Ly6G+ neutrophil accumulation. Consistent with reduced lesion inflammatory cell accumulation, we find significant reductions of plasma and AAA lesion IL6 expression in Apoe-/- Ige-/- mice. Immunofluorescent staining and FACS analysis show that AAA lesion neutrophils express FcεR1. Mechanistic study demonstrates that IgE induces neutrophil FcεR1 expression, activates MAPK signaling, and promotes IL6 production. This study supports a direct role of IgE in AAA by promoting lesion chemokine expression, inflammatory cell accumulation, MAPK signaling, and cytokine expression. IgE inhibition may represent a novel therapeutic approach in AAA management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Geriatrics, National Key Clinic Specialty, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zhiyong Deng
- Department of Geriatrics, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, National Key Clinic Specialty, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chongzhe Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, National Key Clinic Specialty, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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18
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Németh T, Sperandio M, Mócsai A. Neutrophils as emerging therapeutic targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 19:253-275. [DOI: 10.1038/s41573-019-0054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Lőrincz ÁM, Szeifert V, Bartos B, Szombath D, Mócsai A, Ligeti E. Different Calcium and Src Family Kinase Signaling in Mac-1 Dependent Phagocytosis and Extracellular Vesicle Generation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2942. [PMID: 31921192 PMCID: PMC6928112 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Encountering opsonized particles by neutrophils results in phagocytosis of the particle and generation of extracellular vesicles with antibacterial property (aEV). The aim of the present study is to compare the involvement of different receptors and receptor-proximal signaling pathways in these two parallel processes. Investigating human neutrophils from peripheral blood, we show that complement receptors are decisive for both processes whereas immunoglobulin binding Fc receptors (FcR) only participate moderately in phagocytosis and pattern recognition receptors induce mild EV production but only minimal phagocytosis. Studying bone marrow derived neutrophils of genetically modified animals we verify that the involved complement receptor is CR3, also known as the β2 integrin Mac-1. We show that genetic deletion of the adaptor molecules FcRγ chain or DAP12 does not influence either process, suggesting potential redundant function. Combined absence of the Src family kinases Hck, Fgr, and Lyn drastically impairs phagocytosis but does not influence aEV production. In contrast, deletion of PLCγ2 has no influence on phagocytosis, but reduces aEV formation. In accord with the essential role of PLCγ2, aEV biogenesis both from murine and from human neutrophils is dependent on presence of extracellular calcium. Absence of external calcium prevented the generation of antibacterial EVs, whereas the spontaneous EV formation was not influenced. We thus show that phagocytosis and biogenesis of antibacterial EVs are independent processes and proceed on different signaling pathways although the same receptor plays the critical role in both. Our data reveal the possibility in neutrophilic granulocytes to modulate aEV production without disturbing the phagocytic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ákos M Lőrincz
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Balázs Bartos
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid Szombath
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Mócsai
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Ligeti
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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20
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Mice expressing the variant rs1143679 allele of ITGAM (CD11b) show impaired DC-mediated T cell proliferation. Mamm Genome 2019; 30:245-259. [PMID: 31673770 PMCID: PMC6842653 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-019-09819-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and functional genomic analyses have implicated several ITGAM (CD11b) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the development of SLE and other disorders. ITGAM encodes the αM chain of the β2 integrin Mac-1, a receptor that plays important roles in myeloid cell functions. The ITGAM SNP rs1143679, which results in an arginine to histidine change at amino acid position 77 of the CD11b protein, has been shown to reduce binding to several ligands and to alter Mac-1-mediated cellular response in vitro. Importantly, however, the potential contribution of this SNP variant to the initiation and/or progression of immune and inflammatory processes in vivo remains unexplored. Herein, we describe for the first time the generation and characterization of a mouse line expressing the 77His variant of CD11b. Surprisingly, we found that 77His did not significantly affect Mac-1-mediated leukocyte migration and activation as assessed using thioglycollate-induced peritonitis and LPS/TNF-α-induced dermal inflammation models. In contrast, expression of this variant did alter T cell immunity, as evidenced by significantly reduced proliferation of ovalbumin (OVA)-specific transgenic T cells in 77His mice immunized with OVA. Reduced antigen-specific T cell proliferation was also observed when either 77His splenic dendritic cells (DCs) or bone marrow-derived DCs were used as antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Although more work is necessary to determine how this alteration might influence the development of SLE or other diseases, these in vivo findings suggest that the 77His variant of CD11b can compromise the ability of DCs to induce antigen-driven T cell proliferation.
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21
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Yang M, Xu W, Wang Y, Jiang X, Li Y, Yang Y, Yuan H. CD11b-activated Src signal attenuates neuroinflammatory pain by orchestrating inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in microglia. Mol Pain 2018; 14:1744806918808150. [PMID: 30280656 PMCID: PMC6311569 DOI: 10.1177/1744806918808150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the induction and maintenance of chronic pain. Orchestra of pattern-recognition receptor-induced pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines is critical for inflammation homeostasis. CD11b on macrophages could inhibit toll-like receptor (TLR) activation-induced inflammatory responses. However, the function of CD11b on microglia remains unknown. In the current study, we demonstrated that CD11b-deficient microglia cells produced more inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha, while less anti-inflammatory cytokines. Signal transduction assay confirmed that nuclear factor-κB activation was increased in CD11b-deficient microglia cells, which resulted from decreased activation of Src. Inhibition of Src by PP1 increased inflammation in wild-type microglia cells significantly, but not in CD11b-deficient microglia cells. In vivo, CD11b-deficient mice were more susceptible to chronic constrictive injury-induced allodynia and hyperalgesia with significantly more inflammatory cytokines expression. All these results indicated that the regulatory function of CD11b-Src signal pathway on both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in microglia cells is a potential target in neuropathic pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyun Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiru Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingke Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajuan Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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22
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Levistilide A Ameliorates NLRP3 Expression Involving the Syk-p38/JNK Pathway and Peripheral Obliterans in Rats. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:7304096. [PMID: 30158835 PMCID: PMC6109531 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7304096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation is one of the most important pathogeneses of thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO). The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a vital role in the body's immune response and disease development. It can be activated by numerous types of pathogens or danger signals. As the core of the inflammatory response, the NLRP3 inflammasome may provide a new target for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases. Levistilide A (LA) is a phthalide dimer isolated from umbelliferous plants. Its pharmacological effect is largely unknown. This study revealed the effects of LA on endothelial cell activation, NLRP3, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-32, and CCL-2, VCAM-1, MCP-1, and the spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk)--p38/JNK signaling axis and its effect on vasculitis in rats. Results LA inhibited endothelial activation and the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-32, CCL-2, VCAM-1, and MCP-1. LA directly obstructed Syk phosphorylation and activity in a dose-dependent manner, inhibited the activity of p38 and JNK, and reduced the expression of NLRP3 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and vascular tissue of rats with vasculitis. Conclusion LA suppressed NLRP3 gene expression by blocking the Syk--p38/JNK pathway and reduced damage to the rats' limbs in the thromboangiitis obliterans model.
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23
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Németh T, Futosi K, Szilveszter K, Vilinovszki O, Kiss-Pápai L, Mócsai A. Lineage-Specific Analysis of Syk Function in Autoantibody-Induced Arthritis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:555. [PMID: 29616043 PMCID: PMC5867294 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoantibody production and autoantibody-mediated inflammation are hallmarks of a number of autoimmune diseases. The K/BxN serum-transfer arthritis is one of the most widely used models of the effector phase of autoantibody-induced pathology. Several hematopoietic lineages including neutrophils, platelets, and mast cells have been proposed to contribute to inflammation and tissue damage in this model. We have previously shown that the Syk tyrosine kinase is critically involved in the development in K/BxN serum-transfer arthritis and bone marrow chimeric experiments indicated that Syk is likely involved in one or more hematopoietic lineages during the disease course. The aim of the present study was to further define the lineage(s) in which Syk expression is required for autoantibody-induced arthritis. To this end, K/BxN serum-transfer arthritis was tested in conditional mutant mice in which Syk was deleted in a lineage-specific manner from neutrophils, platelets, or mast cells. Combination of the MRP8-Cre, PF4-Cre, or Mcpt5-Cre transgene with floxed Syk alleles allowed efficient and selective deletion of Syk from neutrophils, platelets, or mast cells, respectively. This has also been confirmed by defective Syk-dependent in vitro functional responses of the respective cell types. In vivo studies revealed nearly complete defect of the development of K/BxN serum-transfer arthritis upon neutrophil-specific deletion of Syk. By contrast, Syk deletion from platelets or mast cells did not affect the development of K/BxN serum-transfer arthritis. Our results indicate that autoantibody-induced arthritis requires Syk expression in neutrophils, whereas, contrary to prior assumptions, Syk expression in platelets or mast cells is dispensable for disease development in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Németh
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE "Lendület" Inflammation Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Futosi
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE "Lendület" Inflammation Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kata Szilveszter
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE "Lendület" Inflammation Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Olivér Vilinovszki
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Levente Kiss-Pápai
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE "Lendület" Inflammation Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Mócsai
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE "Lendület" Inflammation Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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24
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Macrophage extracellular trap formation promoted by platelet activation is a key mediator of rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury. Nat Med 2018; 24:232-238. [PMID: 29309057 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Rhabdomyolysis is a serious syndrome caused by skeletal muscle injury and the subsequent release of breakdown products from damaged muscle cells into systemic circulation. The muscle damage most often results from strenuous exercise, muscle hypoxia, medications, or drug abuse and can lead to life-threatening complications, such as acute kidney injury (AKI). Rhabdomyolysis and the AKI complication can also occur during crush syndrome, an emergency condition that commonly occurs in victims of natural disasters, such as earthquakes, and man-made disasters, such as wars and terrorism. Myoglobin released from damaged muscle is believed to trigger renal dysfunction in this form of AKI. Recently, macrophages were implicated in the disease pathogenesis of rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI, but the precise molecular mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we show that macrophages released extracellular traps (ETs) comprising DNA fibers and granule proteins in a mouse model of rhabdomyolysis. Heme-activated platelets released from necrotic muscle cells during rhabdomyolysis enhanced the production of macrophage extracellular traps (METs) through increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species generation and histone citrullination. Here we report, for the first time to our knowledge, this unanticipated role for METs and platelets as a sensor of myoglobin-derived heme in rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI. This previously unknown mechanism might be targeted for treatment of the disease. Finally, we found a new therapeutic tool for prevention of AKI after rhabdomyolysis, which might rescue some sufferers of this pathology.
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Gunn BM, Jones JE, Shabman RS, Whitmore AC, Sarkar S, Blevins LK, Morrison TE, Heise MT. Ross River virus envelope glycans contribute to disease through activation of the host complement system. Virology 2018; 515:250-260. [PMID: 29324290 PMCID: PMC7119116 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mannose binding lectin (MBL) generally plays a protective role during viral infection, yet MBL-mediated complement activation promotes Ross River virus (RRV)-induced inflammatory tissue destruction, contributing to arthritis and myositis. As MBL binds to carbohydrates, we hypothesized that N-linked glycans on the RRV envelope glycoproteins act as ligands for MBL. Using a panel of RRV mutants lacking the envelope N-linked glycans, we found that MBL deposition onto infected cells was dependent on the E2 glycans. Moreover, the glycan-deficient viruses exhibited reduced disease and tissue damage in a mouse model of RRV-induced myositis compared to wild-type RRV, despite similar viral load and inflammatory infiltrates within the skeletal muscle. Instead, the reduced disease induced by glycan-deficient viruses was linked to decreased MBL deposition and complement activation within inflamed tissues. These results demonstrate that the viral N-linked glycans promote MBL deposition and complement activation onto RRV-infected cells, contributing to the development of RRV-induced myositis. Mannose-binding lectin promotes induction of complement-mediated arthritis and myositis during Ross River virus infection. Mannose Binding Lectin deposition onto Ross River virus-infected cells is dependent on glycans on the viral E2 glycoprotein. Viral mutants lacking E2 glycans exhibit reduced disease in a model of Ross River virus-induced arthritis and myositis. Ross River virus E2 glycan mutants cause reduced Mannose Binding Lectin deposition and complement activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn M Gunn
- Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 160 Dental Circle, 9024 Burnett Womack, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Jennifer E Jones
- Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 160 Dental Circle, 9024 Burnett Womack, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Reed S Shabman
- Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 160 Dental Circle, 9024 Burnett Womack, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alan C Whitmore
- Dept. of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 160 Dental Circle, 9024 Burnett Womack, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Sanjay Sarkar
- Dept. of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 160 Dental Circle, 9024 Burnett Womack, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Lance K Blevins
- Dept. of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 160 Dental Circle, 9024 Burnett Womack, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Thomas E Morrison
- Dept. of Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12800 E. 19th Ave., RC1N 9119, Mail Stop 8333, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Mark T Heise
- Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 160 Dental Circle, 9024 Burnett Womack, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Dept. of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 160 Dental Circle, 9024 Burnett Womack, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Johnson JL, Ramadass M, Haimovich A, McGeough MD, Zhang J, Hoffman HM, Catz SD. Increased Neutrophil Secretion Induced by NLRP3 Mutation Links the Inflammasome to Azurophilic Granule Exocytosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:507. [PMID: 29322034 PMCID: PMC5732154 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous mutations in the NLRP3 gene in patients with cryopyrin associated periodic syndrome (CAPS) lead to hyper-responsive inflammasome function. CAPS is a systemic auto-inflammatory syndrome characterized by the activation of the innate immune system induced by elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines, but the involvement of selective innate immune cells in this process is not fully understood. Neutrophil secretion and the toxic components of their granules are mediators of inflammation associated with several human diseases and inflammatory conditions. Here, using the Nlrp3A350V inducible mouse model (MWS CreT) that recapitulates human patients with the A352V mutation in NLRP3 observed in the Muckle-Wells sub-phenotype of CAPS, we studied the relationship between hyper-activation of the inflammasome and neutrophil exocytosis. Using a flow cytometry approach, we show that Nlrp3A350V (MWS) neutrophils express normal basal levels of CD11b at the plasma membrane and that the upregulation of CD11b from secretory vesicles in response to several plasma membrane or endocytic agonist including the bacterial-derived mimetic peptide formyl-Leu-Met-Phe (fMLF) and the unmethylated oligonucleotide CpG is normal in MWS neutrophils. Significant but modest CD11b upregulation in MWS neutrophils compared to wild type was only observed in response to GM-CSF and CpG. The same pattern was observed for the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) from gelatinase granules in that MMP-9 secretion in MWS neutrophils was not different from that observed in wild-type neutrophils except when stimulated with GM-CSF and CpG. In contrast, azurophilic granule secretion, whose cargoes constitute the most toxic secretory and pro-inflammatory factors of the neutrophil, was markedly dysregulated in MWS neutrophils under both basal and stimulated conditions. This could not be attributed to paracrine effects of secretory cytokines because IL-1β secretion by neutrophils was undetectable under these experimental conditions. The increased azurophilic granule exocytosis in MWS neutrophils was attenuated by treatment with the neutrophil exocytosis inhibitor Nexinhib20. In agreement with a possible neutrophil contribution to systemic inflammation in CAPS, the levels of neutrophil secretory proteins were significantly elevated in the plasma from Nlrp3A350V mice. Altogether, our data indicates an azurophilic granule-selective dysregulation of neutrophil exocytosis in CAPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Johnson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Mahalakshmi Ramadass
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ariela Haimovich
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Rady Children's Hospital of San Diego, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Matthew D McGeough
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Rady Children's Hospital of San Diego, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jinzhong Zhang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Hal M Hoffman
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Rady Children's Hospital of San Diego, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sergio D Catz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Tukaj S, Bieber K, Witte M, Ghorbanalipoor S, Schmidt E, Zillikens D, Ludwig RJ, Kasperkiewicz M. Calcitriol Treatment Ameliorates Inflammation and Blistering in Mouse Models of Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 138:301-309. [PMID: 28942362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A link between hypovitaminosis D and development of autoimmune bullous disorders has been suggested recently, but this association has not been elaborated experimentally. Here, the role of vitamin D was investigated in epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA), an anti-type VII collagen autoantibody-induced blistering skin disease. Oral administration of the hormonally active vitamin D metabolite calcitriol ameliorated clinical disease severity and dermal neutrophil infiltration in both an antibody transfer- and immunization-induced EBA mouse model. Mechanistically, calcitriol hindered immune effector cell activation as evidenced by increased L-selectin expression on Gr-1+ cells in calcitriol-treated mice with antibody transfer-induced EBA, as well as suppressed in vitro immune complex-induced reactive oxygen species production in calcitriol-treated murine neutrophils. Additionally, calcitriol administration was associated with an increase of regulatory T (CD4+FoxP3+) and B (CD19+IL10+) cells as well as reduction of pro-inflammatory T helper 17 (CD4+IL-17+) cells in mice with immunization-induced EBA. In line, levels of circulating anti-type VII collagen autoantibodies were lower in mice that received calcitriol compared to solvent-treated animals. Together with the observed state of hypovitaminosis D in most cases of an analyzed EBA patient cohort, the results of this study support the use of vitamin D derivatives or analogs for patients with EBA and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Tukaj
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Katja Bieber
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mareike Witte
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Enno Schmidt
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Detlef Zillikens
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ralf J Ludwig
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Germany
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Leukocyte integrin Mac-1 regulates thrombosis via interaction with platelet GPIbα. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15559. [PMID: 28555620 PMCID: PMC5477519 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and thrombosis occur together in many diseases. The leukocyte integrin Mac-1 (also known as integrin αMβ2, or CD11b/CD18) is crucial for leukocyte recruitment to the endothelium, and Mac-1 engagement of platelet GPIbα is required for injury responses in diverse disease models. However, the role of Mac-1 in thrombosis is undefined. Here we report that mice with Mac-1 deficiency (Mac-1−/−) or mutation of the Mac-1-binding site for GPIbα have delayed thrombosis after carotid artery and cremaster microvascular injury without affecting parameters of haemostasis. Adoptive wild-type leukocyte transfer rescues the thrombosis defect in Mac-1−/− mice, and Mac-1-dependent regulation of the transcription factor Foxp1 contributes to thrombosis as evidenced by delayed thrombosis in mice with monocyte-/macrophage-specific overexpression of Foxp1. Antibody and small-molecule targeting of Mac-1:GPIbα inhibits thrombosis. Our data identify a new pathway of thrombosis involving leukocyte Mac-1 and platelet GPIbα, and suggest that targeting this interaction has anti-thrombotic therapeutic potential with reduced bleeding risk. The binding of the leukocyte integrin Mac1 to the platelet receptor GPIbα is important for the physiological response to tissue injury. Here the authors show that this interaction also regulates thrombosis, without influencing bleeding time, which may provide clues for the development of new anti-thrombotic drugs.
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29
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Zhuang H, Han S, Lee PY, Khaybullin R, Shumyak S, Lu L, Chatha A, Afaneh A, Zhang Y, Xie C, Nacionales D, Moldawer L, Qi X, Yang LJ, Reeves WH. Pathogenesis of Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage in Murine Lupus. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69:1280-1293. [PMID: 28217966 DOI: 10.1002/art.40077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) in lupus patients confers >50% mortality, and the cause is unknown. We undertook this study to examine the pathogenesis of DAH in C57BL/6 mice with pristane-induced lupus, a model of human lupus-associated DAH. METHODS Clinical/pathologic and immunologic manifestations of DAH in pristane-induced lupus were compared with those of DAH in humans. Tissue distribution of pristane was examined by mass spectrometry. Cell types responsible for disease were determined by in vivo depletion using clodronate liposomes and antineutrophil monoclonal antibodies (anti-Ly-6G). The effect of complement depletion with cobra venom factor (CVF) was examined. RESULTS After intraperitoneal injection, pristane migrated to the lung, causing cell death, small vessel vasculitis, and alveolar hemorrhage similar to that seen in DAH in humans. B cell-deficient mice were resistant to induction of DAH, but susceptibility was restored by infusing IgM. C3-/- and CD18-/- mice were also resistant, and DAH was prevented in wild-type mice by CVF. Induction of DAH was independent of Toll-like receptors, inflammasomes, and inducible nitric oxide. Mortality was increased in interleukin-10 (IL-10)-deficient mice, and pristane treatment decreased IL-10 receptor expression in monocytes and STAT-3 phosphorylation in lung macrophages. In vivo neutrophil depletion was not protective, while treatment with clodronate liposomes prevented DAH, which suggests that macrophage activation is central to DAH pathogenesis. CONCLUSION The pathogenesis of DAH involves opsonization of dead cells by natural IgM and complement followed by complement receptor-mediated lung inflammation. The disease is macrophage dependent, and IL-10 is protective. Complement inhibition and/or macrophage-targeted therapies may reduce mortality in lupus-associated DAH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pui Y Lee
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Li Lu
- University of Florida, Gainesville
| | | | | | | | - Chao Xie
- University of Florida, Gainesville
| | | | | | - Xin Qi
- University of Florida, Gainesville
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30
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Ong LT, Tan HF, Feng C, Qu J, Loh SC, Bhattacharyya S, Tan SM. The Systemic Lupus Erythematosus–Associated Single Nucleotide Polymorphism rs1143678 in Integrin αMCytoplasmic Tail Generates a 14-3-3ζ Binding Site That Is Proinflammatory. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:883-894. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Abstract
Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) is a β2 integrin classically regarded as a pro-inflammatory molecule because of its ability to promote phagocyte cytotoxic functions and enhance the function of several effector molecules such as FcγR, uPAR, and CD14. Nevertheless, recent reports have revealed that Mac-1 also plays significant immunoregulatory roles, and genetic variants in ITGAM, the gene that encodes CD11b, confer risk for the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This has renewed interest in the physiological roles of this integrin and raised new questions on how its seemingly opposing biological functions may be regulated. Here, we provide an overview of the CD18 integrins and how their activation may be regulated as this may shed light on how the opposing roles of Mac-1 may be elicited. We then discuss studies that exemplify Mac-1's pro-inflammatory versus regulatory roles particularly in the context of IgG immune complex-mediated inflammation. This includes a detailed examination of molecular mechanisms that could explain the risk-conferring effect of rs1143679, a single nucleotide non-synonymous Mac-1 polymorphism associated with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Rosetti
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tanya N Mayadas
- Department of Pathology, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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32
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Li X, Cullere X, Nishi H, Saggu G, Durand E, Mansour MK, Tam JM, Song XY, Lin X, Vyas JM, Mayadas T. PKC-δ activation in neutrophils promotes fungal clearance. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:581-8. [PMID: 26965632 PMCID: PMC6608027 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4a0915-405r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The C-type lectin receptor dectin-1 and the integrin Mac-1 have key roles in controlling fungal infection. Here, we demonstrate that dectin-1- and Mac-1-induced activation of protein kinase Cδ in neutrophils, independent of the Card9 adaptor, is required for reactive oxygen species production and for intracellular killing upon Candida albicans uptake. Protein kinase Cδ was also required for zymosan-induced cytokine generation in neutrophils. In macrophages, protein kinase Cδ deficiency prevented fungi-induced reactive oxygen species generation but had no effect on activation of TGF-β-activated kinase-1, an effector of Card9, or nuclear factor κB activation, nor did it affect phagolysosomal maturation, autophagy, or intracellular C. albicans killing. In vivo, protein kinase Cδ-deficient mice were highly susceptible to C. albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus infection, which was partially rescued with adoptively transferred wild-type neutrophils. Thus, protein kinase Cδ activation downstream of dectin-1 and Mac-1 has an important role in neutrophil, but not macrophage, functions required for host defense against fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Li
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xavier Cullere
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nishi
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gurpanna Saggu
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Enrique Durand
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael K Mansour
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and
| | - Jenny M Tam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and
| | - Xiu-Yu Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jatin M Vyas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and
| | - Tanya Mayadas
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
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Abstract
Neutrophils play a critical role in antimicrobial host defense, but their improper activation also contributes to inflammation-induced tissue damage. Therefore, understanding neutrophil biology is important for the understanding, diagnosis, and therapy of both infectious and inflammatory diseases. Neutrophils express a large number of cell-surface receptors that sense extracellular cues and trigger various functional responses through complex intracellular signaling pathways. During the last several years, we and others have shown that tyrosine kinases play a critical role in those processes. In particular, Src-family and Syk tyrosine kinases couple Fc-receptors and adhesion receptors (integrins and selectins) to various neutrophil effector functions. This pathway shows surprising similarity to lymphocyte antigen receptor signaling and involves various other enzymes (e.g. PLCγ2), exchange factors (e.g. Vav-family members) and adapter proteins (such as ITAM-containing adapters, SLP-76, and CARD9). Those mediators trigger various antimicrobial functions and play a critical role in coordinating the inflammatory response through the release of inflammatory mediators, such as chemokines and LTB4 . Interestingly, however, tyrosine kinases have a limited direct role in the migration of neutrophils to the site of inflammation. Here, we review the role of tyrosine kinase signaling pathways in neutrophils and how those pathways contribute to neutrophil activation in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Futosi
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE "Lendület" Inflammation Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Mócsai
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE "Lendület" Inflammation Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Okubo K, Kamiya M, Urano Y, Nishi H, Herter JM, Mayadas T, Hirohama D, Suzuki K, Kawakami H, Tanaka M, Kurosawa M, Kagaya S, Hishikawa K, Nangaku M, Fujita T, Hayashi M, Hirahashi J. Lactoferrin Suppresses Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Release in Inflammation. EBioMedicine 2016; 10:204-15. [PMID: 27453322 PMCID: PMC5006695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are central players in the innate immune system. They generate neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which protect against invading pathogens but are also associated with the development of autoimmune and/or inflammatory diseases and thrombosis. Here, we report that lactoferrin, one of the components of NETs, translocated from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane and markedly suppressed NETs release. Furthermore, exogenous lactoferrin shrunk the chromatin fibers found in released NETs, without affecting the generation of oxygen radicals, but this failed after chemical removal of the positive charge of lactoferrin, suggesting that charge-charge interactions between lactoferrin and NETs were required for this function. In a model of immune complex-induced NET formation in vivo, intravenous lactoferrin injection markedly reduced the extent of NET formation. These observations suggest that lactoferrin serves as an intrinsic inhibitor of NETs release into the circulation. Thus, lactoferrin may represent a therapeutic lead for controlling NETs release in autoimmune and/or inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koshu Okubo
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Apheresis and Dialysis Center, School of Medicine, Keio University, Japan; Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Japan
| | - Mako Kamiya
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Molecular Imaging, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Urano
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Molecular Imaging, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishi
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Jan M Herter
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Tanya Mayadas
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Daigoro Hirohama
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Suzuki
- Inflammation Program, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawakami
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Sciences, Kyoritsu Women's University, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Tanaka
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Kurosawa
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Japan
| | | | - Keiichi Hishikawa
- Department of Advanced Nephrology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaomi Nangaku
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiro Fujita
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Matsuhiko Hayashi
- Apheresis and Dialysis Center, School of Medicine, Keio University, Japan; Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Japan
| | - Junichi Hirahashi
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Apheresis and Dialysis Center, School of Medicine, Keio University, Japan; Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Japan.
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35
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Gao Q, Zhang Y, Han C, Hu X, Zhang H, Xu X, Tian J, Liu Y, Ding Y, Liu J, Wang C, Guo Z, Yang Y, Cao X. Blockade of CD47 ameliorates autoimmune inflammation in CNS by suppressing IL-1-triggered infiltration of pathogenic Th17 cells. J Autoimmun 2016; 69:74-85. [PMID: 26994903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The migration of Th17 cells into central nervous system (CNS) tissue is the key pathogenic step in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. However, the mechanism underlying the pathogenic Th17 cell migration remains elusive. Here we report that blockade of CD47 with CD47-Fc fusion protein is effective in preventing and curing EAE by impairing infiltration of Th17 cells into CNS. However, CD47 deficiency does not directly impair the migration of Th17 cells. Mechanistic studies showed that CD47 deficiency inhibited degradation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in proteasome of macrophages by Src activation and led to the increased nitric oxide (NO) production. Then NO suppressed inflammasome activation-induced IL-1β production. This lower IL-1β reduces the expression of IL-1R1 and migration-related chemokine receptors on CD47(-/-) Th17 cells, inhibiting the ability of Th17 cells to infiltrate into the CNS of CD47(-/-) mice and therefore suppressing EAE development. In vivo administration of exogenous IL-1β indeed promoted the infiltration CD47(-/-) Th17 cells into CNS and antagonized the protective role of CD47 deficiency in EAE pathogenesis. Our results demonstrate a potential preventive and therapeutic application of CD47 blockade in controlling EAE development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangguo Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chaofeng Han
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiang Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiongfei Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jun Tian
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yiqi Liu
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ding
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Juan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Zhenhong Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yongguang Yang
- First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xuetao Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China; National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China; Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Barbour TD, Ling GS, Ruseva MM, Fossati-Jimack L, Cook HT, Botto M, Pickering MC. Complement receptor 3 mediates renal protection in experimental C3 glomerulopathy. Kidney Int 2016; 89:823-32. [PMID: 26924054 PMCID: PMC4869622 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2015.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
C3 glomerulopathy is a complement-mediated renal disease that is frequently associated with abnormalities in regulation of the complement alternative pathway. Mice with deficiency of factor H (Cfh–/–), a negative alternative pathway regulator, are an established experimental model of C3 glomerulopathy in which complement C3 fragments including iC3b accumulate along the glomerular basement membrane. Here we show that deficiency of complement receptor 3 (CR3), the main receptor for iC3b, enhances the severity of spontaneous renal disease in Cfh–/– mice. This effect was found to be dependent on CR3 expression on bone marrow–derived cells. CR3 also mediated renal protection outside the setting of factor H deficiency, as shown by the development of enhanced renal injury in CR3-deficient mice during accelerated nephrotoxic nephritis. The iC3b–CR3 interaction downregulated the proinflammatory cytokine response of both murine and human macrophages to lipopolysaccharide stimulation in vitro, suggesting that the protective effect of CR3 on glomerular injury was mediated via modulation of macrophage-derived proinflammatory cytokines. Thus, CR3 has a protective role in glomerulonephritis and suggests that pharmacologic potentiation of the macrophage CR3 interaction with iC3b could be therapeutically beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Barbour
- Centre for Complement and Inflammation Research, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Guang Sheng Ling
- Centre for Complement and Inflammation Research, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Marieta M Ruseva
- Centre for Complement and Inflammation Research, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Liliane Fossati-Jimack
- Centre for Complement and Inflammation Research, Imperial College, London, UK; Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - H Terence Cook
- Centre for Complement and Inflammation Research, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Marina Botto
- Centre for Complement and Inflammation Research, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Matthew C Pickering
- Centre for Complement and Inflammation Research, Imperial College, London, UK.
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Duan M, Steinfort DP, Smallwood D, Hew M, Chen W, Ernst M, Irving LB, Anderson GP, Hibbs ML. CD11b immunophenotyping identifies inflammatory profiles in the mouse and human lungs. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:550-63. [PMID: 26422753 PMCID: PMC7101582 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of easily accessible tools for human immunophenotyping to classify patients into discrete disease endotypes is advancing personalized therapy. However, no systematic approach has been developed for the study of inflammatory lung diseases with often complex and highly heterogeneous disease etiologies. We have devised an internally standardized flow cytometry approach that can identify parallel inflammatory alveolar macrophage phenotypes in both the mouse and human lungs. In mice, lung innate immune cell alterations during endotoxin challenge, influenza virus infection, and in two genetic models of chronic obstructive lung disease could be segregated based on the presence or absence of CD11b alveolar macrophage upregulation and lung eosinophilia. Additionally, heightened alveolar macrophage CD11b expression was a novel feature of acute lung exacerbations in the SHIP-1(-/-) model of chronic obstructive lung disease, and anti-CD11b antibody administration selectively blocked inflammatory CD11b(pos) but not homeostatic CD11b(neg) alveolar macrophages in vivo. The identification of analogous profiles in respiratory disease patients highlights this approach as a translational avenue for lung disease endotyping and suggests that heterogeneous innate immune cell phenotypes are an underappreciated component of the human lung disease microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Duan
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Immunology, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia ,grid.482095.2Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne, Australia ,grid.1018.80000 0001 2342 0938Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - D P Steinfort
- grid.416153.40000 0004 0624 1200Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - D Smallwood
- grid.416153.40000 0004 0624 1200Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - M Hew
- grid.1623.60000 0004 0432 511XDepartment of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - W Chen
- grid.1018.80000 0001 2342 0938Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - M Ernst
- grid.1042.7The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia ,grid.410678.cPresent Address: 10Present address: Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia., ,
| | - L B Irving
- grid.416153.40000 0004 0624 1200Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - G P Anderson
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M L Hibbs
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Immunology, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Australia
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Ziogas A, Muders MH, Economopoulou M, Sprott D, Grossklaus S, Siegert G, Baretton GB, Mitroulis I, Chavakis T. Brief Report: Endothelial-Specific X-Box Binding Protein 1 Deficiency Limits Tumor Necrosis Factor-Induced Leukocyte Recruitment and Vasculitis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:3279-85. [DOI: 10.1002/art.39309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Mazzi P, Caveggion E, Lapinet-Vera JA, Lowell CA, Berton G. The Src-Family Kinases Hck and Fgr Regulate Early Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Myeloid Cell Recruitment into the Lung and Their Ability To Secrete Chemokines. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:2383-95. [PMID: 26232427 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid leukocyte recruitment into the lung in response to environmental cues represents a key factor for the induction of lung damage. We report that Hck- and Fgr-deficient mice show a profound impairment in early recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes in response to bacterial LPS. The reduction in interstitial and airway neutrophil recruitment was not due to a cell-intrinsic migratory defect, because Hck- and Fgr-deficient neutrophils were attracted to the airways by the chemokine CXCL2 as wild type cells. However, early accumulation of chemokines and TNF-α in the airways was reduced in hck(-/-)fgr(-/-) mice. Considering that chemokine and TNF-α release into the airways was neutrophil independent, as suggested by a comparison between control and neutrophil-depleted mice, we examined LPS-induced chemokine secretion by neutrophils and macrophages in wild type and mutant cells. Notably, mutant neutrophils displayed a marked deficit in their capability to release the chemokines CXCL1, CXCL2, CCL3, and CCL4 and TNF-α in response to LPS. However, intracellular accumulation of these chemokines and TNF-α, as well as secretion of a wide array of cytokines, including IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10, by hck(-/-)fgr(-/-) neutrophils was normal. Intriguingly, secretion of CXCL1, CXCL2, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, RANTES, and TNF-α, but not IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and GM-CSF, was also markedly reduced in bone marrow-derived macrophages. Consistently, the Src kinase inhibitors PP2 and dasatinib reduced chemokine secretion by neutrophils and bone marrow-derived macrophages. These findings identify Src kinases as a critical regulator of chemokine secretion in myeloid leukocytes during lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Mazzi
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy; and
| | - Elena Caveggion
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy; and
| | - Josè A Lapinet-Vera
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy; and
| | - Clifford A Lowell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Giorgio Berton
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy; and
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Iwata H, Witte M, Samavedam UKSRL, Gupta Y, Shimizu A, Ishiko A, Schröder T, Seeger K, Dahlke M, Rades D, Zillikens D, Ludwig RJ. Radiosensitive Hematopoietic Cells Determine the Extent of Skin Inflammation in Experimental Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015. [PMID: 26202985 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Animal models have enhanced our understanding of the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. For these models, genetically identical, inbred mice have commonly been used. Different inbred mouse strains, however, show a high variability in disease manifestation. Identifying the factors that influence this disease variability could provide unrecognized insights into pathogenesis. We established a novel Ab transfer-induced model of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA), an autoimmune disease characterized by (muco)-cutaneous blistering caused by anti-type VII collagen (COL7) autoantibodies. Blistering after anti-COL7 IgG (directed against the von Willebrand factor A-like domain 2) transfer showed clear variability among inbred mouse strains, that is, severe cutaneous blistering and inflammation in C57BL/6J and absence of skin lesions in MRL/MpJ mice. The transfer of anti-COL7 IgG into irradiated, EBA-resistant MRL/MpJ mice, rescued by transplantation with bone marrow from EBA-susceptible B6.AK-H2k mice, induced blistering. To the contrary, irradiated EBA-susceptible B6.AK-H2k mice that were rescued using MRL/MpJ bone marrow were devoid of blistering. In vitro, immune complex activation of neutrophils from C57BL/6J or MRL/MpJ mice showed an impaired reactive oxygen species release from the latter, whereas no differences were observed after PMA activation. This finding was paralleled by divergent expression profiles of immune complex-activated neutrophils from either C57BL/6J or MRL/MpJ mice. Collectively, we demonstrate that radiosensitive cells determine the varying extent of skin inflammation and blistering in the end-stage effector phase of EBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Iwata
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mareike Witte
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Yask Gupta
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Atsushi Shimizu
- First Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Toho University, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Akira Ishiko
- First Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Toho University, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Tobias Schröder
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Karsten Seeger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany; and
| | - Markus Dahlke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Dirk Rades
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Detlef Zillikens
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany; Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ralf J Ludwig
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany; Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany;
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Mócsai A, Walzog B, Lowell CA. Intracellular signalling during neutrophil recruitment. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 107:373-85. [PMID: 25998986 PMCID: PMC4502828 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recruitment of leucocytes such as neutrophils to the extravascular space is a critical step of the inflammation process and plays a major role in the development of various diseases including several cardiovascular diseases. Neutrophils themselves play a very active role in that process by sensing their environment and responding to the extracellular cues by adhesion and de-adhesion, cellular shape changes, chemotactic migration, and other effector functions of cell activation. Those responses are co-ordinated by a number of cell surface receptors and their complex intracellular signal transduction pathways. Here, we review neutrophil signal transduction processes critical for recruitment to the site of inflammation. The two key requirements for neutrophil recruitment are the establishment of appropriate chemoattractant gradients and the intrinsic ability of the cells to migrate along those gradients. We will first discuss signalling steps required for sensing extracellular chemoattractants such as chemokines and lipid mediators and the processes (e.g. PI3-kinase pathways) leading to the translation of extracellular chemoattractant gradients to polarized cellular responses. We will then discuss signal transduction by leucocyte adhesion receptors (e.g. tyrosine kinase pathways) which are critical for adhesion to, and migration through the vessel wall. Finally, additional neutrophil signalling pathways with an indirect effect on the neutrophil recruitment process, e.g. through modulation of the inflammatory environment, will be discussed. Mechanistic understanding of these pathways provide better understanding of the inflammation process and may point to novel therapeutic strategies for controlling excessive inflammation during infection or tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Mócsai
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary MTA-SE 'Lendület' Inflammation Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barbara Walzog
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Clifford A Lowell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Maridonneau-Parini I. Control of macrophage 3D migration: a therapeutic challenge to limit tissue infiltration. Immunol Rev 2014; 262:216-31. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Maridonneau-Parini
- CNRS UMR 5089; Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale; Toulouse France
- Université de Toulouse; Toulouse France
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43
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Hirahashi J, Kawahata K, Arita M, Iwamoto R, Hishikawa K, Honda M, Hamasaki Y, Tanaka M, Okubo K, Kurosawa M, Takase O, Nakakuki M, Saiga K, Suzuki K, Kawachi S, Tojo A, Seki G, Marumo T, Hayashi M, Fujita T. Immunomodulation with eicosapentaenoic acid supports the treatment of autoimmune small-vessel vasculitis. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6406. [PMID: 25230773 PMCID: PMC4166948 DOI: 10.1038/srep06406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-vessel vasculitis is a life-threatening autoimmune disease that is frequently associated with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs). Conventional immunotherapy including steroids and cyclophosphamide can cause serious adverse events, limiting the efficacy and safety of treatment. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a key component of fish oil, is an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid widely known to be cardioprotective and beneficial for vascular function. We report two elderly patients with systemic ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) in whom the administration of EPA in concert with steroids safely induced and maintained remission, without the use of additioal immunosuppressants. To explore the mechanisms by which EPA enhances the treatment of AAV, we employed SCG/Kj mice as a spontaneous murine model of AAV. Dietary enrichment with EPA significantly delayed the onset of crescentic glomerulonephritis and prolonged the overall survival. EPA-derived anti-inflammatory lipid mediators and their precursors were present in the kidney, plasma, spleen, and lungs in the EPA-treated mice. Furthermore, a decrease in ANCA production and CD4/CD8-double negative T cells, and an increase in Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells in the lymph nodes of the kidney were observed in the EPA-treated mice. These clinical and experimental observations suggest that EPA can safely support and augment conventional therapy for treating autoimmune small-vessel vasculitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Hirahashi
- 1] Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo [2] Apheresis and Dialysis Center, School of Medicine, Keio University
| | - Kimito Kawahata
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Makoto Arita
- 1] Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo [2]
| | - Ryo Iwamoto
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Keiichi Hishikawa
- Department of Advanced Nephrology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Mie Honda
- 1] Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo [2]
| | - Yoshifumi Hamasaki
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Mototsugu Tanaka
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Koshu Okubo
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Miho Kurosawa
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Osamu Takase
- Department of Advanced Nephrology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Masanori Nakakuki
- Development Research, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Kan Saiga
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Nippon Kayaku Co. Ltd
| | - Kazuo Suzuki
- Inflammation Program, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shoji Kawachi
- Division of Anesthesia, Surgical Operation Department, National Center for Global Health and Medicine
| | - Akihiro Tojo
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - George Seki
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Takeshi Marumo
- Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo
| | | | - Toshiro Fujita
- 1] Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo [2] Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo
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Kovács M, Németh T, Jakus Z, Sitaru C, Simon E, Futosi K, Botz B, Helyes Z, Lowell CA, Mócsai A. The Src family kinases Hck, Fgr, and Lyn are critical for the generation of the in vivo inflammatory environment without a direct role in leukocyte recruitment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:1993-2011. [PMID: 25225462 PMCID: PMC4172222 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20132496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Kovács et al. examine the role of the Src family kinases Hck, Fgr, and Lyn in immune cell–mediated inflammation. Using arthritis and skin inflammation models, the authors show that mice lacking hematopoietic Hck, Fgr, and Lyn are protected from these inflammatory diseases, showing loss of myeloid cell recruitment and lack of inflammatory mediator production. Unexpectedly, the three kinases are dispensable for the intrinsic migratory ability of myeloid cells. These finding may have clinical implications in rheumatic and skin diseases. Although Src family kinases participate in leukocyte function in vitro, such as integrin signal transduction, their role in inflammation in vivo is poorly understood. We show that Src family kinases play a critical role in myeloid cell–mediated in vivo inflammatory reactions. Mice lacking the Src family kinases Hck, Fgr, and Lyn in the hematopoietic compartment were completely protected from autoantibody-induced arthritis and skin blistering disease, as well as from the reverse passive Arthus reaction, with functional overlap between the three kinases. Though the overall phenotype resembled the leukocyte recruitment defect observed in β2 integrin–deficient (CD18−/−) mice, Hck−/−Fgr−/−Lyn−/− neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages had no cell-autonomous in vivo or in vitro migration defect. Instead, Src family kinases were required for the generation of the inflammatory environment in vivo and for the release of proinflammatory mediators from neutrophils and macrophages in vitro, likely due to their role in Fcγ receptor signal transduction. Our results suggest that infiltrating myeloid cells release proinflammatory chemokine, cytokine, and lipid mediators that attract further neutrophils and monocytes from the circulation in a CD18-dependent manner. Src family kinases are required for the generation of the inflammatory environment but not for the intrinsic migratory ability of myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Kovács
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, 1094 Budapest, Hungary MTA-SE "Lendület" Inflammation Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, and MTA-SE "Lendület" Lymphatic Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Németh
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, 1094 Budapest, Hungary MTA-SE "Lendület" Inflammation Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, and MTA-SE "Lendület" Lymphatic Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Jakus
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, 1094 Budapest, Hungary MTA-SE "Lendület" Inflammation Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, and MTA-SE "Lendület" Lymphatic Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Cassian Sitaru
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Freiburg and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Edina Simon
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, 1094 Budapest, Hungary MTA-SE "Lendület" Inflammation Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, and MTA-SE "Lendület" Lymphatic Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Futosi
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Botz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, and János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, and János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, and János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, and János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Clifford A Lowell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Attila Mócsai
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, 1094 Budapest, Hungary MTA-SE "Lendület" Inflammation Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, and MTA-SE "Lendület" Lymphatic Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
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Plasmodium falciparum infection induces expression of a mosquito salivary protein (Agaphelin) that targets neutrophil function and inhibits thrombosis without impairing hemostasis. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004338. [PMID: 25211214 PMCID: PMC4161438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Invasion of mosquito salivary glands (SGs) by Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites is an essential step in the malaria life cycle. How infection modulates gene expression, and affects hematophagy remains unclear. Principal Findings Using Affimetrix chip microarray, we found that at least 43 genes are differentially expressed in the glands of Plasmodium falciparum-infected Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. Among the upregulated genes, one codes for Agaphelin, a 58-amino acid protein containing a single Kazal domain with a Leu in the P1 position. Agaphelin displays high homology to orthologs present in Aedes sp and Culex sp salivary glands, indicating an evolutionarily expanded family. Kinetics and surface plasmon resonance experiments determined that chemically synthesized Agaphelin behaves as a slow and tight inhibitor of neutrophil elastase (KD∼10 nM), but does not affect other enzymes, nor promotes vasodilation, or exhibit antimicrobial activity. TAXIscan chamber assay revealed that Agaphelin inhibits neutrophil chemotaxis toward fMLP, affecting several parameter associated with cell migration. In addition, Agaphelin reduces paw edema formation and accumulation of tissue myeloperoxidase triggered by injection of carrageenan in mice. Agaphelin also blocks elastase/cathepsin-mediated platelet aggregation, abrogates elastase-mediated cleavage of tissue factor pathway inhibitor, and attenuates neutrophil-induced coagulation. Notably, Agaphelin inhibits neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation and prevents FeCl3-induced arterial thrombosis, without impairing hemostasis. Conclusions Blockade of neutrophil elastase emerges as a novel antihemostatic mechanism in hematophagy; it also supports the notion that neutrophils and the innate immune response are targets for antithrombotic therapy. In addition, Agaphelin is the first antihemostatic whose expression is induced by Plasmodium sp infection. These results suggest that an important interplay takes place in parasite-vector-host interactions. Malaria is transmitted by Plasmodium falciparum-infected Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. Salivary gland contributes to the development of the parasite by creating a favorable environment for the infection and facilitating blood feeding and reproduction of the vector. However, the molecular mechanism by which the vector salivary gland modulates parasite/host interactions is not understood. We discovered that infection of the mosquito salivary gland upregulates several genes; among them, one codes for a protease inhibitor named Agaphelin. Notably, Agaphelin was found to exhibit multiple antihemostatic functions by targeting elastase. As a result, it inhibits platelet function which is required for blood to clot, and it prevents cleavage of TFPI, an anticoagulant that has recently been found to play a crucial role in thrombus formation in vivo. Agaphelin also attenuates neutrophils chemotaxis and the release of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. These results provide evidence that neutrophils serve as a link between coagulation and the innate immune response. Agaphelin also exhibits anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic effects in vivo. Furthermore, Agaphelin did not promote bleeding, suggesting that targeting neutrophil exhibits potential therapeutic value. Altogether, these results highlight that the interplay between parasite, vector and host is a dynamic process that contributes and sustains the interface among Plasmodium, Anopheles and humans.
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Ye F, Snider AK, Ginsberg MH. Talin and kindlin: the one-two punch in integrin activation. Front Med 2014; 8:6-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s11684-014-0317-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mayadas TN, Cullere X, Lowell CA. The multifaceted functions of neutrophils. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2013; 9:181-218. [PMID: 24050624 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-020712-164023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 818] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils and neutrophil-like cells are the major pathogen-fighting immune cells in organisms ranging from slime molds to mammals. Central to their function is their ability to be recruited to sites of infection, to recognize and phagocytose microbes, and then to kill pathogens through a combination of cytotoxic mechanisms. These include the production of reactive oxygen species, the release of antimicrobial peptides, and the recently discovered expulsion of their nuclear contents to form neutrophil extracellular traps. Here we discuss these primordial neutrophil functions, which also play key roles in tissue injury, by providing details of neutrophil cytotoxic functions and congenital disorders of neutrophils. In addition, we present more recent evidence that interactions between neutrophils and adaptive immune cells establish a feed-forward mechanism that amplifies pathologic inflammation. These newly appreciated contributions of neutrophils are described in the setting of several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya N Mayadas
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 20115;
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Neutrophil histone modification by peptidylarginine deiminase 4 is critical for deep vein thrombosis in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:8674-9. [PMID: 23650392 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1301059110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are major health problems associated with high mortality. Recently, DNA-based neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) resulting from the release of decondensed chromatin, were found to be part of the thrombus scaffold and to promote coagulation. However, the significance of nuclear decondensation and NET generation in thrombosis is largely unknown. To address this, we adopted a stenosis model of deep vein thrombosis and analyzed venous thrombi in peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4)-deficient mice that cannot citrullinate histones, a process required for chromatin decondensation and NET formation. Intriguingly, less than 10% of PAD4(-/-) mice produced a thrombus 48 h after inferior vena cava stenosis whereas 90% of wild-type mice did. Neutrophils were abundantly present in thrombi formed in both groups, whereas extracellular citrullinated histones were seen only in thrombi from wild-type mice. Bone marrow chimera experiments indicated that PAD4 in hematopoietic cells was the source of the prothrombotic effect in deep vein thrombosis. Thrombosis could be rescued by infusion of wild-type neutrophils, suggesting that neutrophil PAD4 was important and sufficient. Endothelial activation and platelet aggregation were normal in PAD4(-/-) mice, as was hemostatic potential determined by bleeding time and platelet plug formation after venous injury. Our results show that PAD4-mediated chromatin decondensation in the neutrophil is crucial for pathological venous thrombosis and present neutrophil activation and PAD4 as potential drug targets for deep vein thrombosis.
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Syriga M, Mavroidis M. Complement system activation in cardiac and skeletal muscle pathology: friend or foe? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 735:207-18. [PMID: 23402029 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4118-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A major goal in current cardiology practice is to determine optimal strategies for minimizing myocardial necrosis and optimizing cardiac repair following an acute myocardial infarction. Temporally regulated activation and suppression of innate immunity may be critical for achieving this goal. Extensive experimental data in various animal models have indicated that inhibiting complement activation offers protection to cardiac tissue after ischemia/reperfusion. However, the results of clinical studies using complement inhibitors (mainly at the C5 level) in patients with acute myocardial infarction have largely been disappointing. In cases in which complement activation participates in the initial events of muscle cell destruction, as in autoimmune myocarditis or autoimmune muscle disorders, inhibition of complement activation is expected to prove a successful treatment. In other pathologic conditions in which complement is recruited by degenerating or dying muscle cells, as in ischemia, the ideal approach is probably to modulate rather than abruptly blunt complement activation. Beneficial effects of complement action with regard to waste disposal, recruitment of stem cells, regeneration, angiogenesis, and better utilization of energy sources under hypoxic conditions may also prove important for successful disease treatment. Patient outcome after myocardial infarction almost certainly depend upon the combined activation of several distinct but potentially interrelated signaling pathways, suggesting that a combination of treatments targeted to different pathways should be the therapy of choice, and modulation of complement could be one of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Msaro Syriga
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
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Li X, Utomo A, Cullere X, Choi MM, Milner DA, Venkatesh D, Yun SH, Mayadas TN. The β-glucan receptor Dectin-1 activates the integrin Mac-1 in neutrophils via Vav protein signaling to promote Candida albicans clearance. Cell Host Microbe 2012; 10:603-15. [PMID: 22177564 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2011.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to fungal infections is attributed to engagement of host pattern-recognition receptors, notably the β-glucan receptor Dectin-1 and the integrin Mac-1, which induce phagocytosis and antifungal immunity. However, the mechanisms by which these receptors coordinate fungal clearance are unknown. We show that upon ligand binding, Dectin-1 activates Mac-1 to also recognize fungal components, and this stepwise process is critical for neutrophil cytotoxic responses. Both Mac-1 activation and Dectin-1- and Mac-1-induced neutrophil effector functions require Vav1 and Vav3, exchange factors for RhoGTPases. Mac-1- or Vav1,3-deficient mice have increased susceptibility to systemic candidiasis that is not due to impaired neutrophil recruitment but defective intracellular killing of C. albicans yeast forms, and Mac-1 or Vav1,3 reconstitution in hematopoietic cells restores resistance. Our results demonstrate that antifungal immunity depends on Dectin-1-induced activation of Mac-1 functions that is coordinated by Vav proteins, a pathway that may localize cytotoxic responses of circulating neutrophils to infected tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Li
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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