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Reis M, Teixeira A, Cardoso J, Borges T, Caldas Afonso A, Correia-Costa L. Association between proinflammatory cytokines and arterial stiffness in type 1 diabetic adolescents. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2024; 37:405-412. [PMID: 38592062 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2023-0530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Type 1 diabetes mellitus is considered a state of chronic low-grade inflammation and activation of the innate immune system, which is regulated by several proinflammatory cytokines and other acute-phase reactants. Arterial stiffness, a dynamic property of the vessels evaluated by the determination of pulse wave velocity (PWV), is increased in diabetic patients and is associated with microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes and higher cardiovascular risk. In the present study, we aimed to compare the proinflammatory state and arterial stiffness in diabetic and non-diabetic adolescents, and to characterize the association between these two parameters. METHODS Twenty-three type 1 diabetic patients, aged 12-16 years, followed at a tertiary center, and 23 adolescents nonoverweighted healthy controls, from a Portuguese birth-cohort, were included in the present analysis. Anthropometry, blood pressure, glycemic control data, and lipid parameters were collected. Arterial stiffness was evaluated by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity. Proinflammatory cytokines' concentrations (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, and GM-CSF) were quantified by multiplex immunoassays using a Luminex 200 analyzer. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between the proinflammatory cytokines' concentrations in the two groups. PWV [6.63 (6.23-7.07) vs. 6.07 (5.15-6.65) m/s, p=0.015] was significantly higher in the diabetic group. PWV was negatively correlated with GM-CSF (ρ=-0.437, p=0.037) in the diabetic group. A linear association was found between diabetes duration and PWV (with PWV increasing by 0.094 m/s (95 % confidence interval, 0.019 to 0.169) per month of disease duration). In the diabetic group, HbA1c was negatively correlated with IL-10 (ρ=-0.473, p=0.026). Negative correlations were also found between IL-10 and total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol only in the diabetic group. CONCLUSIONS Diabetic adolescent patients present higher PWV, when compared to their healthy counterparts, even though we could not find differences in the levels of several proinflammatory cytokines between the two groups. The negative correlation found between IL-10 and HbA1c might translate a protective counterbalance effect of this anti-inflammatory cytokine, which might also explain the negative correlations found with blood lipids. Further studies are needed to better clarify the association between arterial stiffness and the proinflammatory milieu of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Reis
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 89239 Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal
- 522166 Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António , Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Teixeira
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Centro Materno-Infantil do Norte, 522166 Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - Juliana Cardoso
- Division of Pediatrics, Centro Materno-Infantil do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Borges
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 89239 Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Centro Materno-Infantil do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alberto Caldas Afonso
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 89239 Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Centro Materno-Infantil do Norte, 522166 Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto , Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CAC ICBAS-CHP - Centro Académico Clínico Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
| | - Liane Correia-Costa
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 89239 Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Centro Materno-Infantil do Norte, 522166 Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto , Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CAC ICBAS-CHP - Centro Académico Clínico Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
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2
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Tomasovic LM, Liu K, VanDyke D, Fabilane CS, Spangler JB. Molecular Engineering of Interleukin-2 for Enhanced Therapeutic Activity in Autoimmune Diseases. BioDrugs 2024; 38:227-248. [PMID: 37999893 PMCID: PMC10947368 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-023-00635-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The interleukin-2 (IL-2) cytokine plays a crucial role in regulating immune responses and maintaining immune homeostasis. Its immunosuppressive effects have been harnessed therapeutically via administration of low cytokine doses. Low-dose IL-2 has shown promise in the treatment of various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases; however, the clinical use of IL-2 is complicated by its toxicity, its pleiotropic effects on both immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive cell subsets, and its short serum half-life, which collectively limit the therapeutic window. As a result, there remains a considerable need for IL-2-based autoimmune disease therapies that can selectively target regulatory T cells with minimal off-target binding to immune effector cells in order to prevent cytokine-mediated toxicities and optimize therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we discuss exciting advances in IL-2 engineering that are empowering the development of novel therapies to treat autoimmune conditions. We describe the structural mechanisms of IL-2 signaling, explore current applications of IL-2-based compounds as immunoregulatory interventions, and detail the progress and challenges associated with clinical adoption of IL-2 therapies. In particular, we focus on protein engineering approaches that have been employed to optimize the regulatory T-cell bias of IL-2, including structure-guided or computational design of cytokine mutants, conjugation to polyethylene glycol, and the development of IL-2 fusion proteins. We also consider future research directions for enhancing the translational potential of engineered IL-2-based therapies. Overall, this review highlights the immense potential to leverage the immunoregulatory properties of IL-2 for targeted treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke M Tomasovic
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathy Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Derek VanDyke
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charina S Fabilane
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Program in Molecular Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jamie B Spangler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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3
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Zamora A, Nougué M, Verdu L, Balzan E, Draia-Nicolau T, Benuzzi E, Pujol F, Baillif V, Lacazette E, Morfoisse F, Galitzky J, Bouloumié A, Dubourdeau M, Chaput B, Fazilleau N, Malloizel-Delaunay J, Bura-Rivière A, Prats AC, Garmy-Susini B. 15-Lipoxygenase promotes resolution of inflammation in lymphedema by controlling T reg cell function through IFN-β. Nat Commun 2024; 15:221. [PMID: 38177096 PMCID: PMC10766617 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43554-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphedema (LD) is characterized by the accumulation of interstitial fluid, lipids and inflammatory cell infiltrate in the limb. Here, we find that LD tissues from women who developed LD after breast cancer exhibit an inflamed gene expression profile. Lipidomic analysis reveals decrease in specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM) generated by the 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) in LD. In mice, the loss of SPM is associated with an increase in apoptotic regulatory T (Treg) cell number. In addition, the selective depletion of 15-LO in the lymphatic endothelium induces an aggravation of LD that can be rescued by Treg cell adoptive transfer or ALOX15-expressing lentivector injections. Mechanistically, exogenous injections of the pro-resolving cytokine IFN-β restores both 15-LO expression and Treg cell number in a mouse model of LD. These results provide evidence that lymphatic 15-LO may represent a therapeutic target for LD by serving as a mediator of Treg cell populations to resolve inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zamora
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | - M Nougué
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | - L Verdu
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | - E Balzan
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | - T Draia-Nicolau
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | - E Benuzzi
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | - F Pujol
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | | | - E Lacazette
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | - F Morfoisse
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | - J Galitzky
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | - A Bouloumié
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | | | - B Chaput
- Service de Chirurgie Plastique et des Brûlés, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - N Fazilleau
- Infinity, Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Inserm UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University of Toulouse, 31024, Toulouse, France
| | - J Malloizel-Delaunay
- Service de Médecine Vasculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - A Bura-Rivière
- Service de Médecine Vasculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - A C Prats
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | - B Garmy-Susini
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France.
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4
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Jayewickreme T, Benoist C, Mathis D. Lymph node stromal cell responses to perinatal T cell waves, a temporal atlas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2316957120. [PMID: 38079541 PMCID: PMC10740392 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316957120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The perinatal period is a critical time window in establishing T cell tolerance. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) made during the first 2 wk of life are key drivers of perinatal tolerance induction, but how these cells are generated and operate has not been established. To elucidate the unique environment murine perinatal Tregs encounter within the lymph nodes (LNs) as they first emerge from the thymus, and how it evolves over the succeeding days, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing to generate an atlas of the early LN niche. A highly dynamic picture emerged, the stromal cell compartment showing the most striking changes and putative interactions with other LN cell compartments. In particular, LN stromal cells showed increasing potential for lymphocyte interactions with age. Analogous studies on mice lacking α:β T cells or enriched for autoreactive α:β T cells revealed an acute stromal cell response to α:β T cell dysfunction, largely reflecting dysregulation of Tregs. Punctual ablation of perinatal Tregs induced stromal cell activation that was dependent on both interferon-gamma signaling and activation of conventional CD4+ T cells. These findings elucidate some of the earliest cellular and molecular events in perinatal induction of T cell tolerance, providing a framework for future explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Diane Mathis
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
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5
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Niknejad A, Hosseini Y, Shamsnia HS, Kashani AS, Rostamian F, Momtaz S, Abdolghaffari AH. Sodium Glucose Transporter-2 Inhibitors (SGLT2Is)-TLRs Axis Modulates Diabetes. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023; 81:599-613. [PMID: 37658280 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01164-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes affects millions of people worldwide and is mainly associated with impaired insulin function. To date, various oral anti-diabetic drugs have been developed, of which, the sodium glucose transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2Is) are of the most recent classes that have been introduced. They differ from other classes in terms of their novel mechanism of actions and unique beneficial effects rather than just lowering glucose levels. SGLT2Is can protect body against cardiovascular events and kidney diseases even in non-diabetic individuals. SGLT2Is participate in immune cell activation, oxidative stress reduction, and inflammation mediation, thereby, moderating diabetic complications. In addition, toll like receptors (TLRs) are the intermediators of the immune system and inflammatory process, thus it's believed to play crucial roles in diabetic complications, particularly the ones that are related to inflammatory reactions. SGLT2Is are also effective against diabetic complications via their anti-inflammatory and oxidative properties. Given the anti-inflammatory properties of TLRs and SGLT2Is, this review investigates how SGLT2Is can affect the TLR pathway, and whether this could be favorable toward diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Niknejad
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasamin Hosseini
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hedieh Sadat Shamsnia
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ayeh Sabbagh Kashani
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rostamian
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, and Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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6
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Langston PK, Sun Y, Ryback BA, Mueller AL, Spiegelman BM, Benoist C, Mathis D. Regulatory T cells shield muscle mitochondria from interferon-γ-mediated damage to promote the beneficial effects of exercise. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadi5377. [PMID: 37922340 PMCID: PMC10860652 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adi5377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Exercise enhances physical performance and reduces the risk of many disorders such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, dementia, and cancer. Exercise characteristically incites an inflammatory response, notably in skeletal muscles. Although some effector mechanisms have been identified, regulatory elements activated in response to exercise remain obscure. Here, we have addressed the roles of Foxp3+CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the healthful activities of exercise via immunologic, transcriptomic, histologic, metabolic, and biochemical analyses of acute and chronic exercise models in mice. Exercise rapidly induced expansion of the muscle Treg compartment, thereby guarding against overexuberant production of interferon-γ and consequent metabolic disruptions, particularly mitochondrial aberrancies. The performance-enhancing effects of exercise training were dampened in the absence of Tregs. Thus, exercise is a natural Treg booster with therapeutic potential in disease and aging contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Kent Langston
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School; Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Yizhi Sun
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Boston, 02115, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School; Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Birgitta A. Ryback
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Amber L. Mueller
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School; Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Bruce M. Spiegelman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Boston, 02115, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School; Boston, 02115, USA
| | | | - Diane Mathis
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School; Boston, 02115, USA
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7
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Ramanan D, Pratama A, Zhu Y, Venezia O, Sassone-Corsi M, Chowdhary K, Galván-Peña S, Sefik E, Brown C, Gélineau A, Mathis D, Benoist C. Regulatory T cells in the face of the intestinal microbiota. Nat Rev Immunol 2023; 23:749-762. [PMID: 37316560 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00890-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are key players in ensuring a peaceful coexistence with microorganisms and food antigens at intestinal borders. Startling new information has appeared in recent years on their diversity, the importance of the transcription factor FOXP3, how T cell receptors influence their fate and the unexpected and varied cellular partners that influence Treg cell homeostatic setpoints. We also revisit some tenets, maintained by the echo chambers of Reviews, that rest on uncertain foundations or are a subject of debate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alvin Pratama
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yangyang Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olivia Venezia
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Esen Sefik
- Department of Immunology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chrysothemis Brown
- Immuno-Oncology, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Paediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Diane Mathis
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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8
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Leon J, Chowdhary K, Zhang W, Ramirez RN, André I, Hur S, Mathis D, Benoist C. Mutations from patients with IPEX ported to mice reveal different patterns of FoxP3 and Treg dysfunction. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113018. [PMID: 37605532 PMCID: PMC10565790 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the transcription factor FoxP3 in patients with "IPEX" (immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome) disrupt regulatory T cells (Treg), causing an array of multiorgan autoimmunity. To understand the functional impact of mutations across FoxP3 domains, without genetic and environmental confounders, six human FOXP3 missense mutations are engineered into mice. Two classes of mutations emerge from combined immunologic and genomic analyses. A mutation in the DNA-binding domain shows the same lymphoproliferation and multiorgan infiltration as complete FoxP3 knockouts but delayed by months. Tregs expressing this mutant FoxP3 are destabilized by normal Tregs in heterozygous females compared with hemizygous males. Mutations in other domains affect chromatin opening differently, involving different cofactors and provoking more specific autoimmune pathology (dermatitis, colitis, diabetes), unmasked by immunological challenges or incrossing NOD autoimmune-susceptibility alleles. This work establishes that IPEX disease heterogeneity results from the actual mutations, combined with genetic and environmental perturbations, explaining then the intra-familial variation in IPEX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Leon
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; INSERM UMR 1163, University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | | | - Wenxiang Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Isabelle André
- INSERM UMR 1163, University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Sun Hur
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diane Mathis
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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9
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Shin DS, Ratnapriya S, Cashin CN, Kuhn LF, Rahimi RA, Anthony RM, Moon JJ. Lung injury induces a polarized immune response by self-antigen-specific CD4 + Foxp3 + regulatory T cells. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112839. [PMID: 37471223 PMCID: PMC10529088 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-antigen-specific T cells are prevalent in the mature adaptive immune system but are regulated through multiple mechanisms of tolerance. However, inflammatory conditions such as tissue injury may allow these T cells to break tolerance and trigger autoimmunity. To understand how the T cell repertoire responds to the presentation of self-antigen under highly stimulatory conditions, we use peptide:major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II tetramers to track the behavior of endogenous CD4+ T cells with specificity to a lung-expressed self-antigen in mouse models of immune-mediated lung injury. Acute injury results in the exclusive expansion of CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) that is dependent on self-antigen recognition and interleukin-2 (IL-2). Conversely, conventional CD4+ T cells of the same self-antigen specificity remain unresponsive even following Treg ablation. Thus, the self-antigen-specific CD4+ T cell repertoire is poised to serve a regulatory function during acute tissue damage to limit further damage and the possibility of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Shin
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sneha Ratnapriya
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Creel Ng Cashin
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lucy F Kuhn
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Rod A Rahimi
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robert M Anthony
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James J Moon
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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10
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Sabetkam S, Kalarestaghi H, Mazloumi Z, Dizaji Asl K, Norouzi N, Rafat A. The dysfunction of natural killer cells is essential for the development of type 1 diabetes. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 247:154556. [PMID: 37216747 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by destruction of pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells by immune cells. In general, environmental and genetic factors can lead to immunological self-tolerance in TID. It is clear that the innate immune system, especially natural killer (NK) cells, is involved in the pathogenesis of T1D. Aberrant NK cell frequencies associated with dysregulation of inhibitory and activating receptors contribute to the initiation and progression of T1D. As T1D is incurable and the metabolic disturbances caused by T1D severely impact patients, a better understanding of NK cell behavior in T1D may facilitate disease treatment strategies. The current review focuses on the role of NK cell receptors in T1D and also highlights ongoing efforts to manipulate key checkpoints in NK cell-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz Sabetkam
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kyrenia, Mersin 10, Kyrenia, Turkey; Department of Histopathology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medical sciences, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Kalarestaghi
- Research Laboratory for Embryology and Stem Cell, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Zeinab Mazloumi
- Department of Medical Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Dizaji Asl
- Department of Histopathology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medical sciences, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nahid Norouzi
- Nursing Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ali Rafat
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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11
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Rai U, Senapati D, Arora MK. Insights on the role of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents in the amelioration of diabetes. Diabetol Int 2023; 14:134-144. [PMID: 37090130 PMCID: PMC10113422 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-022-00607-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a major health problem worldwide. It is a chronic metabolic disorder that produces overt hyperglycemic condition that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin due to excessive destruction of pancreatic β-cells (type 1 diabetes) or due to development of insulin resistance (type 2 diabetes). An autoimmune condition known as type 1 diabetes (T1D) results in the targeted immune death of β-cells that produce insulin. The only available treatment for T1D at the moment is the lifelong use of insulin. Multiple islet autoantibody positivity is used to diagnose T1D. There are four standard autoantibodies observed whose presence shows the development of T1D: antibodies against insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65), zinc T8 transporter (ZnT8), and tyrosine phosphatase-like protein (ICA512). In type 2 diabetes (T2D), an inflammatory response precipitates as a consequence of the immune response to high blood glucose level along with the presence of inflammation mediators produced by macrophages and adipocytes in fat tissue. The slow and chronic inflammatory condition of adipose tissue produces insulin resistance leading to increased stress on pancreatic β-cells to produce more insulin to compensate for the insulin resistance. Thus, this stress condition exacerbates the apoptosis of β-cells leading to insufficient production of insulin, resulting in hyperglycemia which signifies late stage T2D. Therefore, the therapeutic utilization of immunosuppressive agents may be a better alternative over the use of insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents for the treatment of T1D and T2D, respectively. This review enlightens the immune intervention for the prevention and amelioration of T1D and T2D in humans with main focus on the antigen-specific immune suppressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uddipak Rai
- School of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics, DIT University, 248009, Dehradun, Uttarakhand India
| | - Dhirodatta Senapati
- School of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics, DIT University, 248009, Dehradun, Uttarakhand India
| | - Mandeep Kumar Arora
- School of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics, DIT University, 248009, Dehradun, Uttarakhand India
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12
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Kiaf B, Bode K, Schuster C, Kissler S. Gata3 is detrimental to regulatory T cell function in autoimmune diabetes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.18.533297. [PMID: 36993342 PMCID: PMC10055278 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.18.533297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) protect against autoimmunity. In type 1 diabetes (T1D), Tregs slow the progression of beta cell autoimmunity within pancreatic islets. Increasing the potency or frequency of Tregs can prevent diabetes, as evidenced by studies in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model for T1D. We report herein that a significant proportion of islets Tregs in NOD mice express Gata3. The expression of Gata3 was correlated with the presence of IL-33, a cytokine known to induce and expand Gata3+ Tregs. Despite significantly increasing the frequency of Tregs in the pancreas, exogenous IL-33 was not protective. Based on these data, we hypothesized that Gata3 is deleterious to Treg function in autoimmune diabetes. To test this notion, we generated NOD mice with a Treg-specific deletion of Gata3. We found that deleting Gata3 in Tregs strongly protected against diabetes. Disease protection was associated with a shift of islet Tregs toward a suppressive CXCR3+Foxp3+ population. Our results suggest that islet Gata3+ Tregs are maladaptive and that this Treg subpopulation compromises the regulation of islet autoimmunity, contributing to diabetes onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badr Kiaf
- Section for Immunobiology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115
| | - Kevin Bode
- Section for Immunobiology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115
| | - Cornelia Schuster
- Section for Immunobiology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115
| | - Stephan Kissler
- Section for Immunobiology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115
- Diabetes Program, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge MA 02138
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13
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Modulating Inflammation-Mediated Diseases via Natural Phenolic Compounds Loaded in Nanocarrier Systems. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020699. [PMID: 36840021 PMCID: PMC9964760 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The global increase and prevalence of inflammatory-mediated diseases have been a great menace to human welfare. Several works have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory potentials of natural polyphenolic compounds, including flavonoid derivatives (EGCG, rutin, apigenin, naringenin) and phenolic acids (GA, CA, etc.), among others (resveratrol, curcumin, etc.). In order to improve the stability and bioavailability of these natural polyphenolic compounds, their recent loading applications in both organic (liposomes, micelles, dendrimers, etc.) and inorganic (mesoporous silica, heavy metals, etc.) nanocarrier technologies are being employed. A great number of studies have highlighted that, apart from improving their stability and bioavailability, nanocarrier systems also enhance their target delivery, while reducing drug toxicity and adverse effects. This review article, therefore, covers the recent advances in the drug delivery of anti-inflammatory agents loaded with natural polyphenolics by the application of both organic and inorganic nanocarriers. Even though nanocarrier technology offers a variety of possible anti-inflammatory advantages to naturally occurring polyphenols, the complexes' inherent properties and mechanisms of action have not yet been fully investigated. Thus, expanding the quest on novel natural polyphenolic-loaded delivery systems, together with the optimization of complexes' activity toward inflammation, will be a new direction of future efforts.
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14
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Shin DS, Ratnapriya S, Cashin CN, Kuhn LF, Rahimi RA, Anthony RM, Moon JJ. Lung injury induces a polarized immune response by self antigen-specific Foxp3 + regulatory T cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.09.527896. [PMID: 36798259 PMCID: PMC9934659 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.09.527896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Self antigen-specific T cells are prevalent in the mature adaptive immune system, but are regulated through multiple mechanisms of tolerance. However, inflammatory conditions such as tissue injury may provide these T cells with an opportunity to break tolerance and trigger autoimmunity. To understand how the T cell repertoire responds to the presentation of self antigen under highly stimulatory conditions, we used peptide:MHCII tetramers to track the behavior of endogenous CD4 + T cells with specificity to a lung-expressed self antigen in mouse models of immune-mediated lung injury. Acute injury resulted in the exclusive expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) that was dependent on self antigen recognition and IL-2. Conversely, conventional T cells of the same self antigen specificity remained unresponsive, even following Treg ablation. Thus, the self antigen-specific T cell repertoire is poised to serve a regulatory function during acute tissue damage to limit further damage and the possibility of autoimmunity.
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15
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Simonetti M, Yilmazer A, Kretschmer K. Genetic Tools for Analyzing Foxp3 + Treg Cells: Fluorochrome-Based Transcriptional Reporters and Genetic Fate-Mapping. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2559:95-114. [PMID: 36180629 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2647-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The lack of unambiguous Foxp3+ Treg cell-specific surface markers has prompted the development of various transgenic mouse lines with Foxp3-dependent reporter activity, which involved different fluorochromes and transgenic strategies, including coexpression of multiple transgenes, such as Cre recombinase. Since then, Foxp3 transcriptional reporter has proven to be an indispensable tool to identify and isolate viable Foxp3+ Treg cell populations. However, the physiologic Treg cell pool is functionally heterogeneous and consists of intrathymically (tTreg) and peripherally (pTreg) induced Treg cells, which may confound interpretation of data relying on indiscriminatory Foxp3-fluorochrome reporter expressed in all Treg cells. In this chapter, we describe how the dual Foxp3RFP/GFP reporter can be exploited to discriminate both developmental sublineages based on tTreg cell lineage-specific GFP/Cre recombinase activity, in conjunction with Foxp3-driven RFP expression in all Foxp3+ Treg cells, and provide guidelines for experimental design and implementation. We also elaborate on the possibility to exploit GFP/Cre expression of Foxp3RFP/GFP reporter mice for the manipulation of gene expression (activation and inactivation), such as lineage tracing and in vivo ablation of tTreg cells, while sparing pTreg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Simonetti
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology/Immune Regulation, DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Acelya Yilmazer
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology/Immune Regulation, DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karsten Kretschmer
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology/Immune Regulation, DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.
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16
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Tan T, Xiang Y, Deng C, Cao C, Ren Z, Huang G, Zhou Z. Variable frequencies of peripheral T-lymphocyte subsets in the diabetes spectrum from type 1 diabetes through latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) to type 2 diabetes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:974864. [PMID: 36091068 PMCID: PMC9449581 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.974864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T lymphocytes are key players in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes. We recruited subjects with T1D (n=81), LADA (n=82), T2D (n=95) and NGT (n=218) and analyzed the percentages of T-lymphocyte subsets, including T helper 1 (Th1), T helper 2 (Th2), T helper 17 (Th17), T cytotoxic 1 (Tc1), regulatory T cells (Tregs), effector T (Teff), naïve T, central memory T (Tcm), and effector memory T (Tem) cells by flow cytometry. LADA patients possessed similar frequencies of IFN-γ+CD4+ T (Th1), IFN-γ+CD8+ T and CD4+ Teff cells compared with T1D patients, but much lower than those of NGT subjects. Like T2D patients, LADA patients had increased frequencies of CD4+ Tem and CD8+ Tem cells with respect to T1D and NGT subjects. In LADA patients, Th2 cells were decreased while CD4+ Tcm cells were increased compared with NGT subjects. Notably, we observed significant negative correlations between the CD4+ Tcm cell frequency and C-peptide in LADA subjects. These data demonstrates that LADA patients possess T-cell subset changes resembling both T1D and T2D and represent the middle of the diabetes spectrum between T1D and T2D. Based on these T-cell subset alterations, we speculate that autoimmunity-induced β-cell destruction and inflammation-induced insulin resistance might both be involved in the pathogenesis of LADA.
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17
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Starosz A, Jamiołkowska-Sztabkowska M, Głowińska-Olszewska B, Moniuszko M, Bossowski A, Grubczak K. Immunological balance between Treg and Th17 lymphocytes as a key element of type 1 diabetes progression in children. Front Immunol 2022; 13:958430. [PMID: 36091019 PMCID: PMC9449530 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.958430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is autoimmune destruction of the beta cells of pancreatic islets. Due to complexity of that disease, the mechanisms leading to the tolerance breakdown are still not fully understood. Previous hypothesis of imbalance in the Th1 and Th2 cells as the main contributing factor has been recently changed towards role of other lymphocytes – regulatory (Treg) and IL-17A-producing (Th17). Our study aims to assess changes within Treg and Th17 cells in newly diagnosed T1D pediatric patients and their association with disease remission. Flow cytometry implementation allowed for Treg and Th17 analysis in studied groups and further combination with clinical and laboratory data. In addition, expression of diabetes-related genes was tested and evaluated in context of their association with studied lymphocytes. Initial results revealed that Treg and ratio Treg/Th17 are significantly higher in T1D than in healthy controls. Moreover, patients with lower HbA1c and daily insulin requirements demonstrated higher levels of Tregs. Similar tendency for insulin intake was also observed in reference to Th17 cells, together with high levels of these cells in patients demonstrating higher values for c-peptide after 2 years. In low-level Treg patients, that subset correlates with the c-peptide in the admission stage. In addition, higher levels of IL-10 were associated with its correlation with HbA1c and insulin dosage. In the context of gene expression, moderate associations were demonstrated in T1D subjects inter alia between CTLA4 and Treg or ratio Treg/Th17. Cumulatively, our data indicate a possible novel role of Treg and Th17 in mechanism of type 1 diabetes. Moreover, potential prognostic value of these populations has been shown in reference to diabetes remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Starosz
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Milena Jamiołkowska-Sztabkowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology with Cardiology Division, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Barbara Głowińska-Olszewska
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology with Cardiology Division, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marcin Moniuszko
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Allergology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Artur Bossowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology with Cardiology Division, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- *Correspondence: Kamil Grubczak, ; Artur Bossowski,
| | - Kamil Grubczak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- *Correspondence: Kamil Grubczak, ; Artur Bossowski,
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18
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Isolated and Combined Effect of Age and Gender on Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio in the Hyperglycemic Saudi Population. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58081040. [PMID: 36013507 PMCID: PMC9412958 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58081040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is pivotal to the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM), but pathological alterations of the neutrophil−lymphocyte ratio (NLR), an emerging inflammatory index in DM management, remains understudied. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between NLR and glycemic control in the Saudi population. Gender, age, WBC count, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were obtained from Al-Borg Medical Laboratories for 14,205 subjects. Means, prevalence, risk measures, and the diagnostic accuracy of elevated NLR and hyperglycemia (HG) were evaluated. Subjects with elevated NLR (>3) had significantly higher FBG (105.10 ± 0.33 vs. 114.0 ± 2.81) and NLR was significantly elevated in impaired fasting glycemia (IFG; 1.21 ± 0.01 vs. 1.25 ± 0.01) and HG (1.21 ± 0.01 vs. 1.39 ± 0.02). Elevations of NLR in HG but not in IFG persisted across all age groups except young males and elderly females. The prevalence of elevated NLR in hyperglycemic subjects was 4.12% compared to 2.16% in subjects with normal FBG. HG was more prevalent in subjects with elevated NLR (17.33% vs. 12.46%) who had a relative risk (RR) of 1.68 (95% CI = 1.38−2.06, p < 0.0001) and an odds ratio (OR) of 1.94 (95% CI = 1.48−2.56, p < 0.0001) to be hyperglycemic. Nevertheless, NLR failed to discriminate individuals with normal FBG from those with HG based on ROC curve analysis. Pathological fluctuations in NLR may serve as supportive evidence in DM management.
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Corrao S, Natoli G, Nobili A, Mannucci PM, Perticone F, Arcoraci V, Argano C. The “Diabetes Comorbidome”: A Different Way for Health Professionals to Approach the Comorbidity Burden of Diabetes. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10081459. [PMID: 36011116 PMCID: PMC9408695 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10081459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The disease burden related to diabetes is increasing greatly, particularly in older subjects. A more comprehensive approach towards the assessment and management of diabetes’ comorbidities is necessary. The aim of this study was to implement our previous data identifying and representing the prevalence of the comorbidities, their association with mortality, and the strength of their relationship in hospitalized elderly patients with diabetes, developing, at the same time, a new graphic representation model of the comorbidome called “Diabetes Comorbidome”. (2) Methods: Data were collected from the RePoSi register. Comorbidities, socio-demographic data, severity and comorbidity indexes (Cumulative Illness rating Scale CIRS-SI and CIRS-CI), and functional status (Barthel Index), were recorded. Mortality rates were assessed in hospital and 3 and 12 months after discharge. (3) Results: Of the 4714 hospitalized elderly patients, 1378 had diabetes. The comorbidities distribution showed that arterial hypertension (57.1%), ischemic heart disease (31.4%), chronic renal failure (28.8%), atrial fibrillation (25.6%), and COPD (22.7%), were the more frequent in subjects with diabetes. The graphic comorbidome showed that the strongest predictors of death at in hospital and at the 3-month follow-up were dementia and cancer. At the 1-year follow-up, cancer was the first comorbidity independently associated with mortality. (4) Conclusions: The “Diabetes Comorbidome” represents the perfect instrument for determining the prevalence of comorbidities and the strength of their relationship with risk of death, as well as the need for an effective treatment for improving clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Corrao
- Internal Medicine Department IGR, National Relevance Hospital Trust, ARNAS Civico, Di Cristina e Benfratelli, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.N.); (C.A.)
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +39-091-655-2065; Fax: +39-091-666-3167
| | - Giuseppe Natoli
- Internal Medicine Department IGR, National Relevance Hospital Trust, ARNAS Civico, Di Cristina e Benfratelli, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.N.); (C.A.)
| | - Alessandro Nobili
- Department of Health Policy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy;
| | - Pier Mannuccio Mannucci
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS Foundation Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Francesco Perticone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Arcoraci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
| | - Christiano Argano
- Internal Medicine Department IGR, National Relevance Hospital Trust, ARNAS Civico, Di Cristina e Benfratelli, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.N.); (C.A.)
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20
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Scherm MG, Wyatt RC, Serr I, Anz D, Richardson SJ, Daniel C. Beta cell and immune cell interactions in autoimmune type 1 diabetes: How they meet and talk to each other. Mol Metab 2022; 64:101565. [PMID: 35944899 PMCID: PMC9418549 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Scope of review Major conclusions
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21
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Intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) and CXC3L1 evaluation as biomarkers for patients at high-risk for coeliac disease in Johannesburg, South Africa. Cytokine 2022; 157:155945. [PMID: 35841826 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Coeliac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder and one of the few gastroenteropathies with accurate serological testing. CD serology has decreased accuracy for patients on a gluten-free diet and for monitoring mucosal healing. New ancillary tests would, therefore, be useful. Intestinal Fatty Acid Binding Protein (I-FABP) and CX3CL1 (Fractalkine) are two promising biomarkers for CD but haven't been examined in patients who are at a high-risk for CD such as patients with type one diabetes (TID). This study, therefore, aimed to investigate serum levels of I-FABP and CX3CL1 in a cohort of South African patients with TID at a high-risk of developing CD. The serum I-FABP levels were significantly higher in CD-positive patients compared to CD-negative individuals (p = 0.03). No significant differences in the serum CX3CL1 levels were detected although this may reflect the impact of the comorbid autoimmune diseases had on the serum CX3CL1 levels. In conclusion, this study is the first to assess the levels of these biomarkers in a multiethnic population with comorbid autoimmune disease and determined I-FABP to be the more promising biomarker in such clinical contexts. Future research should focus on a diverse biomarker panel and longitudinal follow-up of patients at a high-risk for CD.
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22
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Liu N, Sadlon T, Wong YY, Pederson S, Breen J, Barry SC. 3DFAACTS-SNP: using regulatory T cell-specific epigenomics data to uncover candidate mechanisms of type 1 diabetes (T1D) risk. Epigenetics Chromatin 2022; 15:24. [PMID: 35773720 PMCID: PMC9244893 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-022-00456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have enabled the discovery of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are significantly associated with many autoimmune diseases including type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, many of the identified variants lie in non-coding regions, limiting the identification of mechanisms that contribute to autoimmune disease progression. To address this problem, we developed a variant filtering workflow called 3DFAACTS-SNP to link genetic variants to target genes in a cell-specific manner. Here, we use 3DFAACTS-SNP to identify candidate SNPs and target genes associated with the loss of immune tolerance in regulatory T cells (Treg) in T1D. Results Using 3DFAACTS-SNP, we identified from a list of 1228 previously fine-mapped variants, 36 SNPs with plausible Treg-specific mechanisms of action. The integration of cell type-specific chromosome conformation capture data in 3DFAACTS-SNP identified 266 regulatory regions and 47 candidate target genes that interact with these variant-containing regions in Treg cells. We further demonstrated the utility of the workflow by applying it to three other SNP autoimmune datasets, identifying 16 Treg-centric candidate variants and 60 interacting genes. Finally, we demonstrate the broad utility of 3DFAACTS-SNP for functional annotation of all known common (> 10% allele frequency) variants from the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). We identified 9376 candidate variants and 4968 candidate target genes, generating a list of potential sites for future T1D or other autoimmune disease research. Conclusions We demonstrate that it is possible to further prioritise variants that contribute to T1D based on regulatory function, and illustrate the power of using cell type-specific multi-omics datasets to determine disease mechanisms. Our workflow can be customised to any cell type for which the individual datasets for functional annotation have been generated, giving broad applicability and utility. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13072-022-00456-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Bioinformatics Hub, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Timothy Sadlon
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Women's and Children's Health Network, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ying Y Wong
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Women's and Children's Health Network, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stephen Pederson
- Bioinformatics Hub, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - James Breen
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia. .,Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia. .,Bioinformatics Hub, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia. .,Black Ochre Data Labs, Indigenous Genomics, Telethon Kids Institute, Adelaide, Australia. .,John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
| | - Simon C Barry
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Women's and Children's Health Network, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
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23
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Yue C, Gao S, Li S, Xing Z, Qian H, Hu Y, Wang W, Hua C. TIGIT as a Promising Therapeutic Target in Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:911919. [PMID: 35720417 PMCID: PMC9203892 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.911919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-inhibitory receptors (IRs) are molecules that protect host against autoimmune reactions and maintain peripheral self-tolerance, playing an essential role in maintaining immune homeostasis. In view of the substantial clinical progresses of negative immune checkpoint blockade in cancer treatment, the role of IRs in autoimmune diseases is also obvious. Several advances highlighted the substantial impacts of T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), a novel IR, in autoimmunity. Blockade of TIGIT pathway exacerbates multiple autoimmune diseases, whereas enhancement of TIGIT function has been shown to alleviate autoimmune settings in mice. These data suggested that TIGIT pathway can be manipulated to achieve durable tolerance to treat autoimmune disorders. In this review, we provide an overview of characteristics of TIGIT and its role in autoimmunity. We then discuss recent approaches and future directions to leverage our knowledge of TIGIT as therapeutic target in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenran Yue
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Sheng Gao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuting Li
- School of the Second Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhouhang Xing
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hengrong Qian
- School of the Second Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ying Hu
- School of the Second Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenqian Wang
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Hua
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Queiroz-Glauss CP, Vieira MS, Gonçalves-Pereira MH, Almeida SS, Freire RH, Gomes MA, Alvarez-Leite JI, Santiago HC. Helminth infection modulates number and function of adipose tissue Tregs in high fat diet-induced obesity. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010105. [PMID: 35499991 PMCID: PMC9098094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological and experimental studies have shown a protective effect of helminth infections in weight gain and against the development of metabolic dysfunctions in the host. However, the mechanisms Treg cells exert in the helminth-obesity interface has been poorly investigated. The present study aimed to verify the influence of Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection in early stages of high fat diet-induced obesity. Principal findings The presence of infection was able to prevent exacerbated weight gain in mice fed with high fat diet when compared to non-infected controls. In addition, infected animals displayed improved insulin sensitivity and decreased fat accumulation in the liver. Obesity-associated inflammation was reduced in the presence of infection, demonstrated by lower levels of leptin and resistin, lower infiltration of Th1 and Th17 cells in adipose tissue, higher expression of IL10 and adiponectin, increased infiltration of Th2 and eosinophils in adipose tissue of infected animals. Of note, the parasite infection was associated with increased Treg frequency in adipose tissue which showed higher expression of cell surface markers of function and activation, like LAP and CD134. The infection could also increase adipose Treg suppressor function in animals on high fat diet. Conclusion These data suggest that H. polygyrus modulates adipose tissue Treg cells with implication for weight gain and metabolic syndrome. Helminth infections are known to modulate the immune system being responsible for protecting the host from developing allergic and autoimmune disorders (Hygiene Hypothesis). We hypothesized that the same immunomodulatory effect could have an impact on immunometabolic diseases, such as obesity and its linked diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Weight disorders have reached epidemic levels, nearly tripling since 1975 and being responsible for almost 5 million premature deaths each year, but have been spared in areas of high helminth prevalence. To test our hypothesis C57BL/6 male mice were fed control or high fat diet, for five weeks, in the presence or not of infection with the worm Heligmosomoides polygyrus. Weight gain, development of metabolic disorders, inflammation and cellular migration to the adipose tissue were evaluated. In accordance with our hypothesis, we found that the presence of infection prevented the exacerbated weight gain and also improved metabolic parameters in animals fed a high fat diet. This was associated with the infection’s ability to modulate parameters of a cell responsible for regulatory functions: Tregs. In the light of these findings, helminth infection could be protective against weight gain and metabolic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila P. Queiroz-Glauss
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mariana S. Vieira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marcela Helena Gonçalves-Pereira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Stephanie S. Almeida
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rachel H. Freire
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria A. Gomes
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline I. Alvarez-Leite
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Helton C. Santiago
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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25
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McDaniel MM, Chawla AS, Jain A, Meibers HE, Saha I, Gao Y, Jain V, Roskin K, Way SS, Pasare C. Effector memory CD4 + T cells induce damaging innate inflammation and autoimmune pathology by engaging CD40 and TNFR on myeloid cells. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabk0182. [PMID: 35061504 PMCID: PMC9036191 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abk0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cytokine storm and sterile inflammation are common features of T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases and T cell-targeted cancer immunotherapies. Although blocking individual cytokines can mitigate some pathology, the upstream mechanisms governing overabundant innate inflammatory cytokine production remain unknown. Here, we have identified a critical signaling node that is engaged by effector memory T cells (TEM) to mobilize a broad proinflammatory program in the innate immune system. Cognate interactions between TEM and myeloid cells led to induction of an inflammatory transcriptional profile that was reminiscent, yet entirely independent, of classical pattern recognition receptor (PRR) activation. This PRR-independent "de novo" inflammation was driven by preexisting TEM engagement of both CD40 and tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) on myeloid cells. Cytokine toxicity and autoimmune pathology could be completely rescued by ablating these pathways genetically or pharmacologically in multiple models of T cell-driven inflammation, indicating that TEM instruction of the innate immune system is a primary driver of associated immunopathology. Thus, we have identified a previously unknown trigger of cytokine storm and autoimmune pathology that is amenable to therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M. McDaniel
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX 75390,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229,Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Amanpreet Singh Chawla
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229,Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Aakanksha Jain
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229,Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Hannah E. Meibers
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229,Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220,Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Irene Saha
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229,Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Yajing Gao
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Viral Jain
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233,Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Krishna Roskin
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220
| | - Sing Sing Way
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229,Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220
| | - Chandrashekhar Pasare
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229,Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220,Corresponding Author:
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26
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Honan AM, Vazquez EN, Chen Z. Lymph Node Stromal Cell-Intrinsic MHC Class II Expression Promotes MHC Class I-Restricted CD8 T Cell Lineage Conversion to Regulatory CD4 T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1530-1544. [PMID: 34408011 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
MHC class I (MHC-I)-restricted CD4+ T cells have long been discovered in the natural repertoire of healthy humans as well as patients with autoimmune diseases or cancer, but the exact origin of these cells remains to be fully characterized. In mouse models, mature peripheral CD8+ T cells have the potential to convert to CD4+ T cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes. This conversion can produce a unique population of MHC-I-restricted CD4+ T cells including Foxp3+ regulatory T cells termed MHC-I-restricted CD4+Foxp3+ T (CI-Treg) cells. In this study we examined the cellular and molecular elements that promote CD8-to-CD4 lineage conversion and the development of CI-Treg cells in mice. Using adoptive transfer and bone marrow chimera experiments, we found that the differentiation of CI-Treg cells was driven by lymph node stromal cell (LNSC)-intrinsic MHC-II expression as opposed to transcytosis of MHC-II from bone marrow-derived APCs. The lineage conversion was accompanied by Runx3 versus ThPOK transcriptional switch. This finding of a new role for LNSCs in vivo led us to develop an efficient tissue culture method using LNSCs to generate and expand CI-Treg cells in vitro. CI-Treg cells expanded in vitro with LNSCs effectively suppressed inflammatory tissue damage caused by pathogenic CD4+ T cells in mouse models of colitis. This study identified a novel role of MHC-II expressed by LNSCs in immune regulation and the potential utilization of LNSCs to generate novel subsets of immune regulatory cells for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Honan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; and
| | - Emily N Vazquez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; and
| | - Zhibin Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; and .,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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27
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Watts D, Janßen M, Jaykar M, Palmucci F, Weigelt M, Petzold C, Hommel A, Sparwasser T, Bonifacio E, Kretschmer K. Transient Depletion of Foxp3 + Regulatory T Cells Selectively Promotes Aggressive β Cell Autoimmunity in Genetically Susceptible DEREG Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:720133. [PMID: 34447385 PMCID: PMC8382961 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.720133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) represents a hallmark of the fatal multiorgan autoimmune syndrome affecting humans with abrogated Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cell function due to Foxp3 gene mutations, but whether the loss of Foxp3+ Treg cell activity is indeed sufficient to promote β cell autoimmunity requires further scrutiny. As opposed to human Treg cell deficiency, β cell autoimmunity has not been observed in non-autoimmune-prone mice with constitutive Foxp3 deficiency or after diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR)-mediated ablation of Foxp3+ Treg cells. In the spontaneous nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of T1D, constitutive Foxp3 deficiency did not result in invasive insulitis and hyperglycemia, and previous studies on Foxp3+ Treg cell ablation focused on Foxp3DTR NOD mice, in which expression of a transgenic BDC2.5 T cell receptor (TCR) restricted the CD4+ TCR repertoire to a single diabetogenic specificity. Here we revisited the effect of acute Foxp3+ Treg cell ablation on β cell autoimmunity in NOD mice in the context of a polyclonal TCR repertoire. For this, we took advantage of the well-established DTR/GFP transgene of DEREG mice, which allows for specific ablation of Foxp3+ Treg cells without promoting catastrophic autoimmune diseases. We show that the transient loss of Foxp3+ Treg cells in prediabetic NOD.DEREG mice is sufficient to precipitate severe insulitis and persistent hyperglycemia within 5 days after DT administration. Importantly, DT-treated NOD.DEREG mice preserved many clinical features of spontaneous diabetes progression in the NOD model, including a prominent role of diabetogenic CD8+ T cells in terminal β cell destruction. Despite the severity of destructive β cell autoimmunity, anti-CD3 mAb therapy of DT-treated mice interfered with the progression to overt diabetes, indicating that the novel NOD.DEREG model can be exploited for preclinical studies on T1D under experimental conditions of synchronized, advanced β cell autoimmunity. Overall, our studies highlight the continuous requirement of Foxp3+ Treg cell activity for the control of genetically pre-installed autoimmune diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Watts
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology/Immune Regulation, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marthe Janßen
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology/Immune Regulation, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mangesh Jaykar
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology/Immune Regulation, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Francesco Palmucci
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology/Immune Regulation, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marc Weigelt
- Regenerative Therapies for Diabetes, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Cathleen Petzold
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology/Immune Regulation, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Angela Hommel
- Regenerative Therapies for Diabetes, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tim Sparwasser
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE/Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hanover, Germany
| | - Ezio Bonifacio
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.,Regenerative Therapies for Diabetes, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karsten Kretschmer
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology/Immune Regulation, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
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28
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Huang J, Tan Q, Tai N, Pearson JA, Li Y, Chao C, Zhang L, Peng J, Xing Y, Zhang L, Hu Y, Zhou Z, Wong FS, Wen L. IL-10 Deficiency Accelerates Type 1 Diabetes Development via Modulation of Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells and Gut Microbiota in BDC2.5 NOD Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:702955. [PMID: 34394099 PMCID: PMC8362616 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.702955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease caused by T cell-mediated destruction of insulin-producing β cells. BDC2.5 T cells in BDC2.5 CD4+ T cell receptor transgenic Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) mice (BDC2.5+ NOD mice) can abruptly invade the pancreatic islets resulting in severe insulitis that progresses rapidly but rarely leads to spontaneous diabetes. This prevention of diabetes is mediated by T regulatory (Treg) cells in these mice. In this study, we investigated the role of interleukin 10 (IL-10) in the inhibition of diabetes in BDC2.5+ NOD mice by generating Il-10-deficient BDC2.5+ NOD mice (BDC2.5+Il-10-/- NOD mice). Our results showed that BDC2.5+Il-10-/- NOD mice displayed robust and accelerated diabetes development. Il-10 deficiency in BDC2.5+ NOD mice promoted the generation of neutrophils in the bone marrow and increased the proportions of neutrophils in the periphery (blood, spleen, and islets), accompanied by altered intestinal immunity and gut microbiota composition. In vitro studies showed that the gut microbiota from BDC2.5+Il-10-/- NOD mice can expand neutrophil populations. Moreover, in vivo studies demonstrated that the depletion of endogenous gut microbiota by antibiotic treatment decreased the proportion of neutrophils. Although Il-10 deficiency in BDC2.5+ NOD mice had no obvious effects on the proportion and function of Treg cells, it affected the immune response and activation of CD4+ T cells. Moreover, the pathogenicity of CD4+ T cells was much increased, and this significantly accelerated the development of diabetes when these CD4+ T cells were transferred into immune-deficient NOD mice. Our study provides novel insights into the role of IL-10 in the modulation of neutrophils and CD4+ T cells in BDC2.5+ NOD mice, and suggests important crosstalk between gut microbiota and neutrophils in type 1 diabetes development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Qiyuan Tan
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningwen Tai
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - James Alexander Pearson
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Yangyang Li
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chen Chao
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lucy Zhang
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jian Peng
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Yanpeng Xing
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Youjia Hu
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - F. Susan Wong
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Li Wen
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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29
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Kong BS, Min SH, Lee C, Cho YM. Mitochondrial-encoded MOTS-c prevents pancreatic islet destruction in autoimmune diabetes. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109447. [PMID: 34320351 PMCID: PMC10083145 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are principal metabolic organelles that are increasingly unveiled as immune regulators. However, it is currently not known whether mitochondrial-encoded peptides modulate T cells to induce changes in phenotype and function. In this study, we found that MOTS-c (mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA type-c) prevented autoimmune β cell destruction by targeting T cells in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. MOTS-c ameliorated the development of hyperglycemia and reduced islet-infiltrating immune cells. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of T cells from MOTS-c-treated NOD mice significantly decreased the incidence of diabetes in NOD-severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. Metabolic and genomic analyses revealed that MOTS-c modulated T cell phenotype and function by regulating T cell receptor (TCR)/mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients had a lower serum MOTS-c level than did healthy controls. Furthermore, MOTS-c reduced T cell activation by alleviating T cells from the glycolytic stress in T1D patients, suggesting therapeutic potential. Our findings indicate that MOTS-c regulates the T cell phenotype and suppresses autoimmune diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Soo Kong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Hee Min
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Changhan Lee
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Young Min Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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30
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Ding X, Chang Y, Wang S, Yan D, Yao J, Zhu G. Transcriptomic Analysis of the Effect of GAT-2 Deficiency on Differentiation of Mice Naïve T Cells Into Th1 Cells In Vitro. Front Immunol 2021; 12:667136. [PMID: 34149704 PMCID: PMC8208808 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.667136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is known to affect the activation and function of immune cells. This study investigated the role of GABA transporter (GAT)-2 in the differentiation of type 1 helper T (Th1) cells. Naïve CD4+ T cells isolated from splenocytes of GAT-2 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were cultured; Th1 cell differentiation was induced and transcriptome and bioinformatics analyses were carried out. We found that GAT-2 deficiency promoted the differentiation of naïve T cells into Th1 cells. RNA sequencing revealed 2984 differentially expressed genes including 1616 that were up-regulated and 1368 that were down-regulated in GAT-2 KO cells compared to WT cells, which were associated with 950 enriched Gene Ontology terms and 33 enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. Notably, 4 signal transduction pathways (hypoxia-inducible factor [HIF]-1, Hippo, phospholipase D, and Janus kinase [JAK]/signal transducer and activator of transcription [STAT]) and one metabolic pathway (glycolysis/gluconeogenesis) were significantly enriched by GAT-2 deficiency, suggesting that these pathways mediate the effect of GABA on T cell differentiation. Our results provide evidence for the immunomodulatory function of GABA signaling in T cell-mediated immunity and can guide future studies on the etiology and management of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yajie Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Siquan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dong Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiakui Yao
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Low-dose interleukin-2-loaded nanoparticle effect on NK and T-reg cell expression in experimentally induced type 1 diabetes mellitus. GASTROENTEROLOGY REVIEW 2021; 16:67-82. [PMID: 33986891 PMCID: PMC8112267 DOI: 10.5114/pg.2021.104737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammatory damage to pancreatic β cells resulting in loss of insulin secretion. In autoimmune type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) natural killer cells (NK) initiate pancreatic islets cell lyses in autoimmune T1D. Loss of T regulatory cells (Treg) at disease onset facilitates the activation and accumulation of NKs in the pancreatic microenvironment. A proper low-dose interleukin 2 (IL-2) could enhance Tregs and enforce control and regulation of pro-inflammatory NKs. Aim This relation needs to be studied to improve therapeutic strategies aimed at resetting the balance between Tregs and proinflammatory cells. Material and methods We used novel formulations of low-dose IL-2 loaded on chitosan nanoparticles. The study included 116 T1D BALB/c mice experimentally induced by streptozotocin, divided into groups. Their splenocytes were maintained in a short-term culture for assessment of expression of CD4+FOXP3+ Treg and NKp46+NK by both flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Morphological, immunohistochemical, and morphometrical analyses were done.In vitro suppressor assay was used to assess the suppressor effect of Treg cells after exogenous IL-2 treatment. Results NK cell expression, NKp46 level, and NK cell functions were modulated more in mice injected with IL-2-loaded chitosan nanoparticles than in other groups. A statistical inverse correlation was found between Treg and NK cell expression in IL-2-loaded chitosan with 0.3 µIU (p = 0.047), and this correlation was related to FOXP3 expression on Treg cells. The modified expression of NK and NKp46 was noticed in mice injected with 0.3 µIU for longer duration (3 weeks) (p < 0.001), but the NK functions did not show any significant changes with prolonged treatment. Conclusions Prolonged administration of low-dose IL-2 results in the vigorous expression of NKp46, indicating a significant role of Tregs in NK stimulation and motivation. Low-dose IL-2 selectively modulates NKp46 NK and FOXP3+ Tregs and increases their expression.
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Tissue-restricted control of established central nervous system autoimmunity by TNF receptor 2-expressing Treg cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2014043118. [PMID: 33766913 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2014043118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells are central modulators of autoimmune diseases. However, the timing and location of Treg cell-mediated suppression of tissue-specific autoimmunity remain undefined. Here, we addressed these questions by investigating the role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor 2 (TNFR2) signaling in Treg cells during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of multiple sclerosis. We found that TNFR2-expressing Treg cells were critical to suppress EAE at peak disease in the central nervous system but had no impact on T cell priming in lymphoid tissues at disease onset. Mechanistically, TNFR2 signaling maintained functional Treg cells with sustained expression of CTLA-4 and Blimp-1, allowing active suppression of pathogenic T cells in the inflamed central nervous system. This late effect of Treg cells was further confirmed by treating mice with TNF and TNFR2 agonists and antagonists. Our findings show that endogenous Treg cells specifically suppress an autoimmune disease by acting in the target tissue during overt inflammation. Moreover, they bring a mechanistic insight to some of the adverse effects of anti-TNF therapy in patients.
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Continuous stimulation of dual-function peptide PGLP-1-VP inhibits the morbidity and mortality of NOD mice through anti-inflammation and immunoregulation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3593. [PMID: 33574570 PMCID: PMC7878925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83201-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple animal and human studies have shown that administration of GLP-1RA can enhance β-cell recovery, reduce insulin dosage, reduce HbA1c content in the blood, reduce the risk of hypoglycemia and reduce inflammation. In the NOD mouse model, peptide VP treatment can prevent and treat type 1 diabetes through immunomodulation. Therefore, we designed a new dual-functional PGLP-1-VP, which is expected to combine the anti-inflammatory effect of PGLP-1 and the immunomodulatory effect of VP peptide. In streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic mice model, we demonstrated that PGLP-1-VP can act as a GLP-1R agonist to improve hyperglycemia and increase insulin sensitivity. In the NOD mouse model, PGLP-1-VP treatment reduced morbidity, mortality, and pancreatic inflammation, and showed superior effect to PGLP-1 or VP treatment alone, confirming that PGLP-1-VP may act as a dual-function peptide. PGLP-1-VP provided immunomodulatory effect through increasing Th2 cell percentage and balancing the ratio of Th2/Th1 in spleen and PLN, similar to P277 and VP. Additionally, PGLP-1-VP and PGLP-1 act the anti-inflammation by increasing Treg cells and TGF-β1 content like DPP-IV inhibitor. Taken together, our data shows that the dual-functional PGLP-1-VP reduces morbidity and mortality in the NOD model, suggesting a potential role in preventing and treating type 1 diabetes.
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Tootee A, Nikbin B, Ghahary A, Esfahani EN, Arjmand B, Aghayan H, Qorbani M, Larijani B. Immunopathology of Type 1 Diabetes and Immunomodulatory Effects of Stem Cells: A Narrative Review of the Literature. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 22:169-197. [PMID: 33538679 DOI: 10.2174/1871530321666210203212809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is a complex autoimmune disorder which occurs as a result of an intricate series of pathologic interactions between pancreatic β-cells and a wide range of components of both the innate and the adaptive immune systems. Stem-cell therapy, a recently-emerged potentially therapeutic option for curative treatment of diabetes, is demonstrated to cause significant alternations to both different immune cells such as macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells, T cells, and B cells and non-cellular elements including serum cytokines and different components of the complement system. Although there exists overwhelming evidence indicating that the documented therapeutic effects of stem cells on patients with T1D is primarily due to their potential for immune regulation rather than pancreatic tissue regeneration, to date, the precise underlying mechanisms remain obscure. On the other hand, immune-mediated rejection of stem cells remains one of the main obstacles to regenerative medicine. Moreover, the consequences of efferocytosis of stem-cells by the recipients' lung-resident macrophages have recently emerged as a responsible mechanism for some immune-mediated therapeutic effects of stem-cells. This review focuses on the nature of the interactions amongst different compartments of the immune systems which are involved in the pathogenesis of T1D and provides explanation as to how stem cell-based interventions can influence immune system and maintain the physiologic equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Tootee
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, . Iran
| | - Behrouz Nikbin
- Research Center of Molecular Immunology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, . Iran
| | - Aziz Ghahary
- British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Plastic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, . Canada
| | - Ensieh Nasli Esfahani
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, . Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Cell therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, . Iran
| | - Hamidreza Aghayan
- Cell therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, . Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, . Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, . Iran
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Effect of low dose IL-2 loaded chitosan nanoparticles on natural killer and regulatory T cell expression in experimentally induced autoimmune type 1 diabetes mellitus. Cent Eur J Immunol 2021; 45:382-392. [PMID: 33658887 PMCID: PMC7882410 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2020.103412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Natural killer cells (NK) initiate pancreatic islets cell lyses in autoimmune type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). Loss of T regulatory cells (Treg) at disease onset facilitates activation and accumulation of NKs in the pancreatic microenvironment. A proper low dose interleukin 2 (IL-2) could enhance Tregs and enforce control and regulation of pro-inflammatory NKs. This relation needs to be studied to improve therapeutic strategies aimed at resetting the balance between Tregs and proinflammatory cells. Material and methods We used novel formulations of low dose IL-2 loaded on chitosan nanoparticles. The study included 116 T1D BALB/c mice experimentally induced by streptozotocin, divided into groups. Their splenocytes were maintained in a short-term culture for assessment of expression of CD4+Foxp3+ Treg and NKp46+NK by both flow cytometry and enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA). In vitro suppressor-assay was used in order to assess the suppressor effect of Treg cells after exogenous IL-2 treatment. Results NK cell expression, NKp46 level and NK cell functions were modulated in mice injected with IL-2 loaded chitosan nanoparticles than other groups. A statistical inverse correlation was found between Treg and NK cell expression in IL-2 loaded chitosan with (0.3 µIU) (p = 0.047) and this correlation was related to Foxp3 expression on Treg cells. The modified expression of NK and NKp46 was noticed in mice injected with (0.3 µIU) for longer duration (three weeks) (p < 0.001) but the NK functions did not show any significant changes with prolonged treatment. Conclusions Low dose (0.3) µIU IL-2 nanoparticles effectively modulated NK and NKp46 expression. It selectively modulates the suppressive activity of Tregs indicating a significant role of Tregs in NK activation and function by controlling the availability of IL-2 in the microenvironment.
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Gomez-Muñoz L, Perna-Barrull D, Villalba A, Rodriguez-Fernandez S, Ampudia RM, Teniente-Serra A, Vazquez F, Murillo M, Perez J, Corripio R, Bel J, Vives-Pi M. NK Cell Subsets Changes in Partial Remission and Early Stages of Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2021; 11:611522. [PMID: 33569058 PMCID: PMC7869615 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.611522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by the autoimmune destruction of β-cells in the pancreatic islets. T1D is preceded by islet-specific inflammation led by several immune cells. Among them, natural killer (NK) cells are emerging as important players in T1D development. Human NK cells are characterized by CD56 and CD16 expression, which allows classifying NK cells into four subsets: 1) CD56dimCD16+ or effector NK cells (NKeff); 2) CD56brightCD16- or regulatory NK cells (NKreg); 3) intermediate CD56brightCD16+ NK cells; and 4) CD56dimCD16- NK cells, whose function is not well determined. Since many studies have shown that T1D progression is associated with changes in various immune cell types, we hypothesize that the kinetics of NK cell subsets in the blood could correlate with different stages of T1D. To that aim, pediatric patients newly diagnosed with T1D were recruited, and peripheral NK cell subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry at several disease checkpoints: disease onset, partial remission (PR), 8 months (for non-remitters), and 12 months of progression. Our results showed that total NK cells and their four subsets are altered at the early stages of T1D. A decrease in the counts and percentage of total NK cells and NKeff cells at the different disease stages was found when compared to controls. These results suggest the extravasation of these cells into the islets at disease onset, which is maintained throughout the follow-up. By contrast, NKreg cells increased during the early stages after T1D onset, and both intermediate NK cells and CD56dimCD16- NK cells diminished at the PR stage, which might reflect the immunoregulatory attempts and could be candidate biomarkers for this stage. Also, CD56dimCD16- NK cells increased during T1D progression. Finally, changes in CD16 expression were identified in the different T1D stages, highlighting a CD16 expression reduction in total NK cells and NKeff cells 1 year after diagnosis. That may reflect a state of exhaustion after multiple cell-to-cell interactions. Altogether, our preliminary data provide a longitudinal picture of peripheral NK cell subpopulations during the different T1D stages, which could be potential candidate biomarkers indicators of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Gomez-Muñoz
- Immunology Service, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - David Perna-Barrull
- Immunology Service, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Adrian Villalba
- Immunology Service, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Silvia Rodriguez-Fernandez
- Immunology Service, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Rosa-Maria Ampudia
- Immunology Service, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Aina Teniente-Serra
- Immunology Service, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Federico Vazquez
- Endocrinology Service, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Marta Murillo
- Pediatrics Service, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Jacobo Perez
- Department of Pediatric Endocrine, Parc Tauli Hospital Universitari, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Raquel Corripio
- Department of Pediatric Endocrine, Parc Tauli Hospital Universitari, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Joan Bel
- Pediatrics Service, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Marta Vives-Pi
- Immunology Service, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
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Dadey RE, Grebinoski S, Zhang Q, Brunazzi EA, Burton A, Workman CJ, Vignali DAA. Regulatory T Cell-Derived TRAIL Is Not Required for Peripheral Tolerance. Immunohorizons 2021; 5:48-58. [PMID: 33483333 PMCID: PMC8663370 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2000098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
TRAIL (Tnfsf10/TRAIL/CD253/Apo2L) is an important immune molecule that mediates apoptosis. TRAIL can play key roles in regulating cell death in the tumor and autoimmune microenvironments. However, dissecting TRAIL function remains difficult because of the lack of optimal models. We have now generated a conditional knockout (Tnfsf10 L/L) for cell type-specific analysis of TRAIL function on C57BL/6, BALB/c, and NOD backgrounds. Previous studies have suggested a role for TRAIL in regulatory T cell (Treg)-mediated suppression. We generated mice with a Treg-restricted Tnfsf10 deletion and surprisingly found no impact on tumor growth in C57BL/6 and BALB/c tumor models. Furthermore, we found no difference in the suppressive capacity of Tnfsf10-deficient Tregs and no change in function or proliferation of T cells in tumors. We also assessed the role of TRAIL on Tregs in two autoimmune mouse models: the NOD mouse model of autoimmune diabetes and the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) C57BL/6 model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. We found that deletion of Tnfsf10 on Tregs had no effect on disease progression in either model. We conclude that Tregs do not appear to be dependent on TRAIL exclusively as a mechanism of suppression in both the tumor and autoimmune microenvironments, although it remains possible that TRAIL may contribute in combination with other mechanisms and/or in different disease settings. Our Tnfsf10 conditional knockout mouse should prove to be a useful tool for the dissection of TRAIL function on different cell populations in multiple mouse models of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah E Dadey
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
- Graduate Program of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Stephanie Grebinoski
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
- Graduate Program of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Qianxia Zhang
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
- Graduate Program of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Erin A Brunazzi
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
| | - Amanda Burton
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105; and
| | - Creg J Workman
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105; and
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
| | - Dario A A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261;
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105; and
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
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Pratama A, Schnell A, Mathis D, Benoist C. Developmental and cellular age direct conversion of CD4+ T cells into RORγ+ or Helios+ colon Treg cells. J Exp Med 2020; 217:jem.20190428. [PMID: 31685531 PMCID: PMC7037252 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RORγ+ and Helios+ Treg cells in the colon are phenotypically and functionally distinct, but their origins and relationships are poorly understood. In monocolonized and normal mice, single-cell RNA-seq revealed sharing of TCR clonotypes between these Treg cell populations, potentially denoting a common progenitor. In a polyclonal Treg cell replacement system, naive conventional CD4+ (Tconv) cells, but not pre-existing tTregs, could differentiate into RORγ+ pTregs upon interaction with gut microbiota. A smaller proportion of Tconv cells converted into Helios+ pTreg cells, but these dominated when the Tconv cells originated from preweaning mice. T cells from infant mice were predominantly immature, insensitive to RORγ-inducing bacterial cues and to IL6, and showed evidence of higher TCR-transmitted signals, which are also characteristics of recent thymic emigrants (RTEs). Correspondingly, transfer of adult RTEs or Nur77high Tconv cells mainly yielded Helios+ pTreg cells, recapitulating the infant/adult difference. Thus, CD4+ Tconv cells can differentiate into both RORγ+ and Helios+ pTreg cells, providing a physiological adaptation of colonic Treg cells as a function of the age of the cell or of the individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Pratama
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Evergrande Center for Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Alexandra Schnell
- Evergrande Center for Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Diane Mathis
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Evergrande Center for Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Christophe Benoist
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Evergrande Center for Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
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Zhao L, Wang H, Thomas R, Gao X, Bai H, Shekhar S, Wang S, Yang J, Zhao W, Yang X. NK cells modulate T cell responses via interaction with dendritic cells in Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection. Cell Immunol 2020; 353:104132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Joseph NT, Shankar SR, Narasimhamurthy RK, Rao SBS, Mumbrekar KD. Bi-Directional interactions between microbiota and ionizing radiation in head and neck and pelvic radiotherapy - clinical relevance. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:961-971. [PMID: 32420768 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1770361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Rapid developments in high throughput screening technology for the detection and identification of the human microbiota have helped in understanding its influence on human health and disease. In the recent past, several seminal studies have demonstrated the influence of microbiota on outcomes of therapy-associated radiation exposure. In this review, we highlight the concepts related to the mechanisms by which radiation alters the microbiota composition linked with radiation-associated toxicity in head and neck and pelvic regions. We further discuss specific microbial changes that can be employed as a biomarker for radiation and tumor response.Conclusion: Knowledge of the influence of microbiota in radiation response and advances in microbiota manipulation techniques would help to design personalized treatment augmenting the efficacy of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhya Teresa Joseph
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Saligrama R Shankar
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Rekha K Narasimhamurthy
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Satish Bola Sadashiva Rao
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Kamalesh Dattaram Mumbrekar
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Sato Y, Keino H, Nakayama M, Kano M, Okada AA. Effect of In Vivo Expansion of Regulatory T Cells with IL-2/anti-IL-2 Antibody Complex Plus Rapamycin on Experimental Autoimmune Uveoretinitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2020; 29:1520-1529. [PMID: 32459545 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2020.1757119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To determine the effect of injection of IL-2/anti-IL-2 antibody (IL-2 complex) together with rapamycin on the development of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU).Methods: C57BL/6J mice were immunized with human interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein peptide. The immunized mice were injected intraperitoneally with PBS, IL-2 complex, rapamycin, or IL-2 complex/rapamycin on days 1, 2, 3, and 4 (induction phase) or days 10, 11, 12, and 13 (effector phase) after immunization.Results: Expansion of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in draining lymph nodes was observed in IL-2 complex and IL-2 complex/rapamycin-treated mice. Although injection of IL-2 complex alone was not capable of decreasing the clinical score of EAU, injection of IL-2 complex/rapamycin significantly delayed the onset of EAU. In contrast, the treatment with IL-2 complex alone or IL-2 complex/rapamycin during effector phase failed to suppress EAU.Conclusions: These findings suggest the potential limitations of IL-2 complex or IL-2 complex/rapamycin during EAU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Sato
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Radioisotope Research, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Keino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makiko Nakayama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mirai Kano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Annabelle A Okada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
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Ding L, Yang Y, Li H, Wang H, Gao P. Circulating Lymphocyte Subsets Induce Secondary Infection in Acute Pancreatitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:128. [PMID: 32296650 PMCID: PMC7136471 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is considered a cascade of immune responses triggered by acinar cell necrosis. AP involves two main processes of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and subsequent compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome. Although great efforts have been made regarding AP therapy, the mortality rate of AP remains high. Secondary infection acts a lethal factor in AP. Lymphocytes act as major immune mediators in immune responses in the course of this disease. However, the relationship between lymphocytes and secondary infection in AP is unclear. This review summarizes the variation of lymphocytes and infection in AP. Knowledge of the characterization of circulating lymphocyte abnormalities is relevant for understanding the pathophysiology of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Ding
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yimin Yang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongxiang Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haijiao Wang
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pujun Gao
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Abstract
Immunity to malaria has been linked to the availability and function of helper CD4+ T cells, cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and γδ T cells that can respond to both the asymptomatic liver stage and the symptomatic blood stage of Plasmodium sp. infection. These T cell responses are also thought to be modulated by regulatory T cells. However, the precise mechanisms governing the development and function of Plasmodium-specific T cells and their capacity to form tissue-resident and long-lived memory populations are less well understood. The field has arrived at a point where the push for vaccines that exploit T cell-mediated immunity to malaria has made it imperative to define and reconcile the mechanisms that regulate the development and functions of Plasmodium-specific T cells. Here, we review our current understanding of the mechanisms by which T cell subsets orchestrate host resistance to Plasmodium infection on the basis of observational and mechanistic studies in humans, non-human primates and rodent models. We also examine the potential of new experimental strategies and human infection systems to inform a new generation of approaches to harness T cell responses against malaria.
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Holohan DR, Van Gool F, Bluestone JA. Thymically-derived Foxp3+ regulatory T cells are the primary regulators of type 1 diabetes in the non-obese diabetic mouse model. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217728. [PMID: 31647813 PMCID: PMC6812862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are an immunosuppressive population that are identified based on the stable expression of the fate-determining transcription factor forkhead box P3 (Foxp3). Tregs can be divided into distinct subsets based on whether they developed in the thymus (tTregs) or in the periphery (pTregs). Whether there are unique functional roles that distinguish pTregs and tTregs remains largely unclear. To elucidate these functions, efforts have been made to specifically identify and modify individual Treg subsets. Deletion of the conserved non-coding sequence (CNS)1 in the Foxp3 locus leads to selective impairment of pTreg generation without disrupting tTreg generation in the C57BL/6J background. Using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology, we removed the Foxp3 CNS1 region in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of spontaneous type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) to determine if pTregs contribute to autoimmune regulation. Deletion of CNS1 impaired in vitro induction of Foxp3 in naïve NOD CD4+ T cells, but it did not alter Tregs in most lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues analyzed except for the large intestine lamina propria, where a small but significant decrease in RORγt+ Tregs and corresponding increase in Helios+ Tregs was observed in NOD CNS1-/- mice. CNS1 deletion also did not alter the development of T1D or glucose tolerance despite increased pancreatic insulitis in pre-diabetic female NOD CNS1-/- mice. Furthermore, the proportions of autoreactive Tregs and conventional T cells (Tconvs) within pancreatic islets were unchanged. These results suggest that pTregs dependent on the Foxp3 CNS1 region are not the dominant regulatory population controlling T1D in the NOD mouse model.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/immunology
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/immunology
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/immunology
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Thymus Gland/cytology
- Thymus Gland/immunology
- Thymus Gland/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/immunology
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Holohan
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Sean N. Parker Autoimmune Research Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Frédéric Van Gool
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Sean N. Parker Autoimmune Research Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey A. Bluestone
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Sean N. Parker Autoimmune Research Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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45
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Epigenetic mechanisms regulating T-cell responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 142:728-743. [PMID: 30195378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade, advances in sequencing technologies allowed production of a wealth of information on epigenetic modifications in T cells. Epigenome maps, in combination with mechanistic studies, have demonstrated that T cells undergo extensive epigenome remodeling in response to signals, which has a strong effect on phenotypic stability and function of lymphocytes. In this review we focus on DNA methylation, histone modifications, and chromatin structure as important epigenetic mechanisms involved in controlling T-cell responses. In particular, we discuss epigenetic processes in light of the development, activation, and differentiation of CD4+ T helper (TH), regulatory T, and CD8+ T cells. As central aspects of the adaptive immune system, we review mechanisms that ensure molecular memory, stability, plasticity, and exhaustion of T cells. We further discuss the effect of the tissue environment on imprinting T-cell epigenomes with potential implications for immunotherapy.
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46
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Shtylla B, Gee M, Do A, Shabahang S, Eldevik L, de Pillis L. A Mathematical Model for DC Vaccine Treatment of Type I Diabetes. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1107. [PMID: 31555144 PMCID: PMC6742690 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that can be managed, but for which there is currently no cure. Recent discoveries, particularly in mouse models, indicate that targeted modulation of the immune response has the potential to move an individual from a diabetic to a long-term, if not permanent, healthy state. In this paper we develop a single compartment mathematical model that captures the dynamics of dendritic cells (DC and tDC), T cells (effector and regulatory), and macrophages in the development of type I diabetes. The model supports the hypothesis that differences in macrophage clearance rates play a significant role in determining whether or not an individual is likely to become diabetic subsequent to a significant immune challenge. With this model we are able to explore the effects of strengthening the anti-inflammatory component of the immune system in a vulnerable individual. Simulations indicate that there are windows of opportunity in which treatment intervention is more likely to be beneficial in protecting an individual from entering a diabetic state. This model framework can be used as a foundation for modeling future T1D treatments as they are developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blerta Shtylla
- Mathematics Department, Pomona College, Claremont, CA, United States
| | - Marissa Gee
- Mathematics Department, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA, United States
| | - An Do
- Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, United States
| | | | - Leif Eldevik
- Aditx Therapeutics, Inc., Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Lisette de Pillis
- Mathematics Department, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA, United States
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47
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Huang Q, Belz GT. Parallel worlds of the adaptive and innate immune cell networks. Curr Opin Immunol 2019; 58:53-59. [PMID: 31125785 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive and innate immune cells have typically been functionally and temporally segregated even though they share a number of salient features. Over the past decade, significant advances have been made in understanding the composition and diversity of both innate and adaptive cell populations. This has shed light on how cells from two distinct pathways are so highly complementary. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are pivotally positioned in tissues to form a stable population akin to tissue-resident T cells that protects the body. Nevertheless, the pathway by which different lymphocytes enter tissues, terminally differentiate and are replenished to maintain populations remains incompletely understood. Recent evidence challenges our assumptions about the sedentary lifestyles of so called 'tissue-resident cells' and pushes us to consider their roles in orchestrating protection of the immune system beyond the classical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiutong Huang
- Division of Immunology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Gabrielle T Belz
- Division of Immunology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia.
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48
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Jamison BL, Neef T, Goodspeed A, Bradley B, Baker RL, Miller SD, Haskins K. Nanoparticles Containing an Insulin-ChgA Hybrid Peptide Protect from Transfer of Autoimmune Diabetes by Shifting the Balance between Effector T Cells and Regulatory T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:48-57. [PMID: 31109955 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
CD4 T cells play a critical role in promoting the development of autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes. The diabetogenic CD4 T cell clone BDC-2.5, originally isolated from a NOD mouse, has been widely used to study the contribution of autoreactive CD4 T cells and relevant Ags to autoimmune diabetes. Recent work from our laboratory has shown that the Ag for BDC-2.5 T cells is a hybrid insulin peptide (2.5HIP) consisting of an insulin C-peptide fragment fused to a peptide from chromogranin A (ChgA) and that endogenous 2.5HIP-reactive T cells are major contributors to autoimmune pathology in NOD mice. The objective of this study was to determine if poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with the 2.5HIP Ag (2.5HIP-coupled PLG NPs) can tolerize BDC-2.5 T cells. Infusion of 2.5HIP-coupled PLG NPs was found to prevent diabetes in an adoptive transfer model by impairing the ability of BDC-2.5 T cells to produce proinflammatory cytokines through induction of anergy, leading to an increase in the ratio of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells to IFN-γ+ effector T cells. To our knowledge, this work is the first to use a hybrid insulin peptide, or any neoepitope, to re-educate diabetogenic T cells and may have significant implications for the development of an Ag-specific therapy for type 1 diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braxton L Jamison
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Tobias Neef
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Andrew Goodspeed
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045; and.,University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Brenda Bradley
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Rocky L Baker
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Stephen D Miller
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Kathryn Haskins
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045;
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49
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Tsalamandris S, Antonopoulos AS, Oikonomou E, Papamikroulis GA, Vogiatzi G, Papaioannou S, Deftereos S, Tousoulis D. The Role of Inflammation in Diabetes: Current Concepts and Future Perspectives. Eur Cardiol 2019; 14:50-59. [PMID: 31131037 PMCID: PMC6523054 DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2018.33.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 598] [Impact Index Per Article: 119.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder affecting the glucose status of the human body. Chronic hyperglycaemia related to diabetes is associated with end organ failure. The clinical relationship between diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is well established. This makes therapeutic approaches that simultaneously target diabetes and atherosclerotic disease an attractive area for research. The majority of people with diabetes fall into two broad pathogenetic categories, type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The role of obesity, adipose tissue, gut microbiota and pancreatic beta cell function in diabetes are under intensive scrutiny with several clinical trials to have been completed while more are in development. The emerging role of inflammation in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes (T1D and T1D) pathophysiology and associated metabolic disorders, has generated increasing interest in targeting inflammation to improve prevention and control of the disease. After an extensive review of the possible mechanisms that drive the metabolic pattern in T1D and T2D and the inflammatory pathways that are involved, it becomes ever clearer that future research should focus on a model of combined suppression for various inflammatory response pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios Tsalamandris
- First Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine Athens, Greece
| | - Alexios S Antonopoulos
- First Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- First Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine Athens, Greece
| | - George-Aggelos Papamikroulis
- First Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Vogiatzi
- First Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Papaioannou
- First Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine Athens, Greece
| | - Spyros Deftereos
- First Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- First Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine Athens, Greece
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50
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Viisanen T, Gazali AM, Ihantola EL, Ekman I, Näntö-Salonen K, Veijola R, Toppari J, Knip M, Ilonen J, Kinnunen T. FOXP3+ Regulatory T Cell Compartment Is Altered in Children With Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes but Not in Autoantibody-Positive at-Risk Children. Front Immunol 2019; 10:19. [PMID: 30723474 PMCID: PMC6349758 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysfunction of FOXP3-positive regulatory T cells (Tregs) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, previous studies analyzing the peripheral blood Treg compartment in patients with T1D have yielded partially conflicting results. Moreover, the phenotypic complexity of peripheral blood Tregs during the development of human T1D has not been comprehensively analyzed. Here, we used multi-color flow cytometry to analyze the frequency of distinct Treg subsets in blood samples from a large cohort comprising of 74 children with newly diagnosed T1D, 76 autoantibody-positive children at-risk for T1D and 180 age- and HLA-matched control children. The frequency of CD4+CD25+CD127lowFOXP3+ Tregs was higher in children with T1D compared to control children, and this change was attributable to a higher proportion of naïve Tregs in these subjects. Further longitudinal analyses demonstrated that the increase in Treg frequency correlated with disease onset. The frequencies of the minor subsets of CD25+FOXP3low memory Tregs as well as CD25lowCD127lowFOXP3+ Tregs were also increased in children with T1D. Moreover, the ratio of CCR6-CXCR3+ and CCR6+CXCR3- memory Tregs was altered and the frequency of proliferating Ki67-positive and IFN-γ producing memory Tregs was decreased in children with T1D. The frequency of CXCR5+FOXP3+ circulating follicular T regulatory cells was not altered in children with T1D. Importantly, none of the alterations observed in children with T1D were observed in autoantibody-positive at-risk children. In conclusion, our study reveals multiple alterations in the peripheral blood Treg compartment at the diagnosis of T1D that appear not to be features of early islet autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyyne Viisanen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ahmad M Gazali
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Emmi-Leena Ihantola
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ilse Ekman
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Riitta Veijola
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mikael Knip
- Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorma Ilonen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuure Kinnunen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Eastern Finland Laboratory Centre (ISLAB), Kuopio, Finland
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