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Leo S, Narasimhan M, Rathinam S, Banerjee A. Biomarkers in diagnosing and therapeutic monitoring of tuberculosis: a review. Ann Med 2024; 56:2386030. [PMID: 39097795 PMCID: PMC11299445 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2386030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to pose a significant health challenge worldwide, emphasizing the importance of prompt diagnosis and efficient monitoring of treatment outcomes for effective disease control. Biomarkers have become increasingly important in the realm of TB diagnoses and treatment. The objective of this comprehensive review is to examine the present state of biomarkers employed in the diagnosis of TB, monitoring the response to treatment, and predicting treatment outcomes. In this study, we undertake a comprehensive examination of the diverse biomarkers utilized in TB diagnoses, spanning molecular, immunological, and other novel methodologies. Furthermore, we examine the potential of biomarkers in the context of therapeutic monitoring, assessment of treatment effectiveness, and anticipation of drug resistance. Additionally, this paper presents future prospects regarding the utilization of biomarkers in the therapy of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Leo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Meenakshi Narasimhan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sridhar Rathinam
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
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2
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Iijima N, Yamaguchi M, Hayashi T, Rui Y, Ohira Y, Miyamoto Y, Niino M, Okuno T, Suzuki O, Oka M, Ishii KJ. miR-147-3p in pathogenic CD4 T cells controls chemokine receptor expression for the development of experimental autoimmune diseases. J Autoimmun 2024; 149:103319. [PMID: 39395343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/14/2024]
Abstract
Incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) has long been used to trigger autoimmune diseases in animal models, such as experimental autoimmune encephalitis and collagen-induced arthritis. However, the molecular mechanisms that control CD4 T cell effector functions and lead to the development of autoimmune diseases are not well understood. A self-antigen and heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis emulsified in IFA augmented the activation of CD4 T cells, leading to the differentiation of pathogenic CD4 T cells in the draining lymph nodes. In contrast, IFA emulsification did not elicit Foxp3+ regulatory T cell expansion. We found that pathogenic Th1 cells expressed miR-147-3p, which targets multiple genes to affect T cell function. Finally, miR-147-3p expressed in CXCR6+SLAMF6- Th1 cells was required for the onset of neurological symptoms through the control of CXCR3 expression. Our findings demonstrate that miR-147-3p expressed in pathogenic CD4 T cells regulates the migratory potential in peripheral tissues and impacts the development of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norifumi Iijima
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Saito Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Nuclear Transport Dynamics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Saito Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Masaya Yamaguchi
- Bioinformatics Research Unit, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita Osaka, Japan; Bioinformatics Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Center for Infectious Diseases Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoya Hayashi
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Saito Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan; Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuxiang Rui
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Saito Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuta Ohira
- Central Research Laboratories, Zeria Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Kumagaya-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoichi Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Nuclear Transport Dynamics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Saito Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaaki Niino
- Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Medical Center, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tatsusada Okuno
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Osamu Suzuki
- Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Asagi Saito, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Oka
- Laboratory of Nuclear Transport Dynamics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Saito Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Saito Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan; Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka Univerisity, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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3
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Tomiyasu N, Takahashi M, Toyonaga K, Yamasaki S, Bamba T, Izumi Y. Efficient lipidomic approach for the discovery of lipid ligands for immune receptors by combining LC-HRMS/MS analysis with fractionation and reporter cell assay. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:5445-5456. [PMID: 38135762 PMCID: PMC11427514 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-05111-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), which are pattern recognition receptors responsible for triggering innate immune responses, recognize damaged self-components and immunostimulatory lipids from pathogenic bacteria; however, several of their ligands remain unknown. Here, we propose a new analytical platform combining liquid chromatography-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry with microfractionation capability (LC-FRC-HRMS/MS) and a reporter cell assay for sensitive activity measurements to develop an efficient methodology for searching for lipid ligands of CLR from microbial trace samples (crude cell extracts of approximately 5 mg dry cell/mL). We also developed an in-house lipidomic library containing accurate mass and fragmentation patterns of more than 10,000 lipid molecules predicted in silico for 90 lipid subclasses and 35 acyl side chain fatty acids. Using the developed LC-FRC-HRMS/MS system, the lipid extracts of Helicobacter pylori were separated and fractionated, and HRMS and HRMS/MS spectra were obtained simultaneously. The fractionated lipid extract samples in 96-well plates were thereafter subjected to reporter cell assays using nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)-green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter cells expressing mouse or human macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle). A total of 102 lipid molecules from all fractions were annotated using an in-house lipidomic library. Furthermore, a fraction that exhibited significant activity in the NFAT-GFP reporter cell assay contained α-cholesteryl glucoside, a type of glycolipid, which was successfully identified as a lipid ligand molecule for Mincle. Our analytical platform has the potential to be a useful tool for efficient discovery of lipid ligands for immunoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Tomiyasu
- Department of Systems Life Sciences, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masatomo Takahashi
- Department of Systems Life Sciences, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Metabolomics/Mass Spectrometry Center, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Toyonaga
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Section of Infection Biology, Department of Functional Bioscience, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Bamba
- Department of Systems Life Sciences, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Metabolomics/Mass Spectrometry Center, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Izumi
- Department of Systems Life Sciences, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
- Division of Metabolomics/Mass Spectrometry Center, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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4
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Iijima N, Hayashi T, Niino M, Miyamoto Y, Oka M, Ishii KJ. Tridecylcyclohexane in incomplete Freund's adjuvant is a critical component in inducing experimental autoimmune diseases. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350957. [PMID: 39030805 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) has been used for many years to induce autoimmune diseases in animal models, including experimental autoimmune encephalitis and collagen-induced arthritis. However, it remains unclear why it is necessary to emulsify autoantigen and heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (HKMtb) with IFA to induce experimental autoimmune diseases. Here, we found that immunization with self-antigen and HKMtb was insufficient to induce autoimmune diseases in mice. Furthermore, IFA or one of its components, mineral oil, but not mannide monooleate, was required for the development of experimental autoimmune disease. Immunization with autoantigen and HKMtb emulsified in mineral oil facilitated innate immune activation and promoted the differentiation of pathogenic CD4+ T cells, followed by their accumulation in neuronal tissues. Several water-soluble hydrocarbon compounds were identified in mineral oil. Of these, immunization with HKMtb and autoantigen emulsified with the same amount of hexadecane or tridecylcyclohexane as mineral oil induced the development of experimental autoimmune encephalitis. In contrast, immunization with HKMtb and autoantigen emulsified with tridecylcyclohexane, but not hexadecane, at doses equivalent to those found in mineral oil, resulted in neuronal dysfunction. These data indicate that tridecylcyclohexane in mineral oil is a critical component in the induction of experimental autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norifumi Iijima
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBN), Osaka, Ibaraki, Japan
- Laboratory of Nuclear Transport Dynamics, Center for Drug Design Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBN), Osaka, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomoya Hayashi
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBN), Osaka, Ibaraki, Japan
- Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan
| | - Masaaki Niino
- Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Medical Center, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoichi Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Nuclear Transport Dynamics, Center for Drug Design Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBN), Osaka, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Oka
- Laboratory of Nuclear Transport Dynamics, Center for Drug Design Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBN), Osaka, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBN), Osaka, Ibaraki, Japan
- Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Suita, Japan
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5
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Almeida P, Fernandes Â, Alves I, Pinho SS. "Glycans in Trained Immunity: Educators of innate immune memory in homeostasis and disease". Carbohydr Res 2024; 544:109245. [PMID: 39208605 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Trained Immunity is defined as a biological process normally induced by exogenous or endogenous insults that triggers epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming events associated with long-term adaptation of innate immune cells. This trained phenotype confers enhanced responsiveness to subsequent triggers, resulting in an innate immune "memory" effect. Trained Immunity, in the past decade, has revealed important benefits for host defense and homeostasis, but can also induce potentially harmful outcomes associated with chronic inflammatory disorders or autoimmune diseases. Interestingly, evidence suggest that the "trainers" prompting trained immunity are frequently glycans structures. In fact, the exposure of different types of glycans at the surface of pathogens is a key driver of the training phenotype, leading to the reprogramming of innate immune cells through the recognition of those glycan-triggers by a variety of glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) expressed by the immune cells. β-glucan or mannose-enriched structures in Candida albicans are some of the examples that highlight the potential of glycans in trained immunity, both in homeostasis and in disease. In this review, we will discuss the relevance of glycans exposed by pathogens in establishing key immunological hubs with glycan-recognizing receptors expressed in immune cells, highlighting how this glycan-GBP network can impact trained immunity. Finally, we discuss the power of glycans and GBPs as potential targets in trained immunity, envisioning potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Almeida
- I3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ângela Fernandes
- I3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Inês Alves
- I3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Salomé S Pinho
- I3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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6
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Jun J, Kim EJ, Jeon D, Yang J, Jeong HG, Jung H, Kim T, Eyun SI. Comparative genomic analysis of copepod humoral immunity genes with sex-biased expression in Labidocera rotunda. J Invertebr Pathol 2024; 207:108198. [PMID: 39313092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2024.108198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Studies of innate immune system function in invertebrates have contributed significantly to our understanding of the mammalian innate immune system. However, in-depth research on innate immunity in marine invertebrates remains sparse. We generated the first de novo genome and transcriptome sequences of copepod Labidocera rotunda using Illumina paired-end data and conducted a comparative genome analysis including five crustaceans (four copepods and one branchiopod species). We cataloged the presence of Toll, Imd, JAK/STAT, and JNK pathway components among them and compared them with 17 previously reported diverse arthropod species representative of insects, myriapods, chelicerates, and malacostracans. Our results indicated that copepod Gram-negative binding proteins may function in direct digestion or pathogen killing. The phylogenetic analysis of arthropod TEP and copepod-specific GCGEQ motif patterns suggested that the evolutionary history of copepod TEPs may have diverged from that of other arthropods. We classified the copepod Toll-like receptors identified in our analysis as either vertebrate or protostome types based on their cysteine motifs and the tree built with their Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domains. LrotCrustin, the first copepod AMP, was identified based on the structure of its WAP domain and deep-learning AMP predictors. Gene expression level analysis of L. rotunda innate immunity-related transcripts in each sex showed higher Toll pathway-related expression in male L. rotunda than in females, which may reflect an inverse correlation between allocation of reproductive investment and elevated immune response in males. Taken together, the results of our study provide insight into copepod innate immunity-related gene families and illuminate the evolutionary potential of copepods relative to other crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimoon Jun
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jeong Kim
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Donggu Jeon
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Jihye Yang
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Gyeong Jeong
- Department of Taxonomy and Systematics, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, South Korea
| | - Hyungtaek Jung
- National Centre for Indigenous Genomics, Australian National University, Acton, Australia
| | - Taeho Kim
- Department of Marine Production Management, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, South Korea.
| | - Seong-Il Eyun
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
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7
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Franklin A, Salgueiro VC, Layton AJ, Sullivan R, Mize T, Vázquez-Iniesta L, Benedict ST, Gurcha SS, Anso I, Besra GS, Banzhaf M, Lovering AL, Williams SJ, Guerin ME, Scott NE, Prados-Rosales R, Lowe EC, Moynihan PJ. The mycobacterial glycoside hydrolase LamH enables capsular arabinomannan release and stimulates growth. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5740. [PMID: 38982040 PMCID: PMC11233589 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50051-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterial glycolipids are important cell envelope structures that drive host-pathogen interactions. Arguably, the most important are lipoarabinomannan (LAM) and its precursor, lipomannan (LM), which are trafficked from the bacterium to the host via unknown mechanisms. Arabinomannan is thought to be a capsular derivative of these molecules, lacking a lipid anchor. However, the mechanism by which this material is generated has yet to be elucidated. Here, we describe the identification of a glycoside hydrolase family 76 enzyme that we term LamH (Rv0365c in Mycobacterium tuberculosis) which specifically cleaves α-1,6-mannoside linkages within LM and LAM, driving its export to the capsule releasing its phosphatidyl-myo-inositol mannoside lipid anchor. Unexpectedly, we found that the catalytic activity of this enzyme is important for efficient exit from stationary phase cultures, potentially implicating arabinomannan as a signal for growth phase transition. Finally, we demonstrate that LamH is important for M. tuberculosis survival in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Franklin
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vivian C Salgueiro
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rudi Sullivan
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Todd Mize
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lucía Vázquez-Iniesta
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Itxaso Anso
- Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council, Barcelona Science Park, c/Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Tower R, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gurdyal S Besra
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Manuel Banzhaf
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Spencer J Williams
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Marcelo E Guerin
- Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Department of Structural and Molecular Biology; Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Nichollas E Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rafael Prados-Rosales
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisabeth C Lowe
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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Liu K, Peng J, Guo Y, Li Y, Qi X, Duan D, Li T, Li J, Niu Y, Han G, Zhao Y. Expanding the Potential of Neoantigen Vaccines: Harnessing Bacille Calmette-Guérin Cell-Wall-Based Nanoscale Adjuvants for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy. ACS NANO 2024; 18:11910-11920. [PMID: 38680054 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Personalized antitumor immunotherapy utilizing neoantigen vaccines holds great promise. However, the limited immunogenicity of existing recognized neoantigens and the inadequate stimulation of antitumor immune responses by conventional adjuvants pose significant challenges. To address these limitations, we developed a nanovaccine that combines a BCG bacterial cell wall skeleton (BCG-CWS) based nanoscale adjuvant (BCNA) with peptide neoantigens (M27 and M30). This integrated approach provides an efficient translational strategy for cancer immunotherapy. The BCNA nanovaccine, formulated with PLGA as an emulsifier, exhibits excellent biocompatibility and superior antigen presentation compared with conventional BCG-CWS adjuvants. Subcutaneous immunization with the BCNA-based nanovaccine effectively targets lymph nodes, eliciting robust innate and tumor-specific immune responses. Importantly, our findings demonstrate that BCNAs significantly enhance neoantigen immunogenicity while minimizing acute systemic toxicity. Furthermore, when combined with a mouse PD-L1 antibody, our strategy achieves complete tumor elimination in 60% of cases and prevents 25% of tumor growth in a melanoma mouse model. In conclusion, our BCNA-based nanovaccine represents a promising avenue for advancing personalized therapeutic neoantigen vaccines and holds significant implications for enhancing personalized immunotherapy and improving patient outcomes in the field of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkang Liu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, LRB 806, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Yunfei Guo
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Xiang Qi
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Dengyi Duan
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Taipeng Li
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Jianmin Li
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Yuanjie Niu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Gang Han
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, LRB 806, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, LRB 806, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
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9
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Reis E Sousa C, Yamasaki S, Brown GD. Myeloid C-type lectin receptors in innate immune recognition. Immunity 2024; 57:700-717. [PMID: 38599166 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) expressed by myeloid cells constitute a versatile family of receptors that play a key role in innate immune recognition. Myeloid CLRs exhibit a remarkable ability to recognize an extensive array of ligands, from carbohydrates and beyond, and encompass pattern-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and markers of altered self. These receptors, classified into distinct subgroups, play pivotal roles in immune recognition and modulation of immune responses. Their intricate signaling pathways orchestrate a spectrum of cellular responses, influencing processes such as phagocytosis, cytokine production, and antigen presentation. Beyond their contributions to host defense in viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections, myeloid CLRs have been implicated in non-infectious diseases such as cancer, allergies, and autoimmunity. A nuanced understanding of myeloid CLR interactions with endogenous and microbial triggers is starting to uncover the context-dependent nature of their roles in innate immunity, with implications for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caetano Reis E Sousa
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT London, UK.
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Gordon D Brown
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK.
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10
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Wang G, Wang Y, Ma F. Exploiting bacterial-origin immunostimulants for improved vaccination and immunotherapy: current insights and future directions. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:24. [PMID: 38368397 PMCID: PMC10874560 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01207-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is a valid strategy to prevent and control newly emerging and reemerging infectious diseases in humans and animals. However, synthetic and recombinant antigens are poor immunogenic to stimulate efficient and protective host immune response. Immunostimulants are indispensable factors of vaccines, which can promote to trigger fast, robust, and long-lasting immune responses. Importantly, immunotherapy with immunostimulants is increasing proved to be an effective and promising treatment of cancer, which could enhance the function of the immune system against tumor cells. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play vital roles in inflammation and are central to innate and adaptive immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs)-targeting immunostimulants have become one of the hotspots in adjuvant research and cancer therapy. Bacterial-origin immunoreactive molecules are usually the ligands of PRRs, which could be fast recognized by PRRs and activate immune response to eliminate pathogens. Varieties of bacterial immunoreactive molecules and bacterial component-mimicking molecules have been successfully used in vaccines and clinical therapy so far. This work provides a comprehensive review of the development, current state, mechanisms, and applications of bacterial-origin immunostimulants. The exploration of bacterial immunoreactive molecules, along with their corresponding mechanisms, holds immense significance in deepening our understanding of bacterial pathogenicity and in the development of promising immunostimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Yongkang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Fang Ma
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, 225300, China.
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11
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Kim HW, Ko MK, Park SH, Shin S, Kim GS, Kwak DY, Park JH, Kim SM, Lee JS, Lee MJ. D-galacto-D-mannan-mediated Dectin-2 activation orchestrates potent cellular and humoral immunity as a viral vaccine adjuvant. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1330677. [PMID: 38433834 PMCID: PMC10904532 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1330677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Conventional foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines have been developed to enhance their effectiveness; however, several drawbacks remain, such as slow induction of antibody titers, short-lived immune response, and local side effects at the vaccination site. Therefore, we created a novel FMD vaccine that simultaneously induces cellular and humoral immune responses using the Dectin-2 agonist, D-galacto-D-mannan, as an adjuvant. Methods We evaluated the innate and adaptive (cellular and humoral) immune responses elicited by the novel FMD vaccine and elucidated the signaling pathway involved both in vitro and in vivo using mice and pigs, as well as immune cells derived from these animals. Results D-galacto-D-mannan elicited early, mid-, and long-term immunity via simultaneous induction of cellular and humoral immune responses by promoting the expression of immunoregulatory molecules. D-galacto-D-mannan also enhanced the immune response and coordinated vaccine-mediated immune response by suppressing genes associated with excessive inflammatory responses, such as nuclear factor kappa B, via Sirtuin 1 expression. Conclusion Our findings elucidated the immunological mechanisms induced by D-galacto-D-mannan, suggesting a background for the robust cellular and humoral immune responses induced by FMD vaccines containing D-galacto-D-mannan. Our study will help to facilitate the improvement of conventional FMD vaccines and the design of next-generation FMD vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Won Kim
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyeong Ko
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hui Park
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokwon Shin
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Gang Sik Kim
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yun Kwak
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeon Park
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Mi Kim
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ja Lee
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
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12
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Nakayama H, Hanafusa K, Yamaji T, Oshima E, Hotta T, Takamori K, Ogawa H, Iwabuchi K. Phylactic role of anti-lipoarabinomannan IgM directed against mannan core during mycobacterial infection in macrophages. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 143:102391. [PMID: 37574397 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacteria enter host phagocytes, such as macrophages by binding to several receptors on phagocytes. Several mycobacterial species, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis have evolved systems to evade host bactericidal pathways. Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is an essential mycobacterial molecule for both binding to phagocytes and escaping from bactericidal pathways. Integrin CD11b plays critical roles as a phagocytic receptor and contributes to host defense by mediating both nonopsonic and opsonic phagocytosis. However, the mechanisms by which CD11b-mediated phagocytosis associates with LAM and drives the phagocytic process of mycobacteria remain to be fully elucidated. We recently identified TMDU3 as anti-LAM IgM antibody against the mannan core of LAM. The present study investigated the roles of CD11b and TMDU3 in macrophage phagocytosis of mycobacteria and subsequent bactericidal lysosomal fusion to phagosomes. CD11b knockout cells generated by a CRISPR/Cas9 system showed significant attenuation of the ability to phagocytose non-opsonized mycobacteria and LAM-conjugated beads. Moreover, recombinant human CD11b protein was found to bind to LAM. TMDU3 markedly inhibited macrophage phagocytosis of non-opsonized mycobacteria. This antibody slightly increased the phagocytosis of mycobacteria under opsonized conditions, whereas it significantly enhanced CD11b-mediated bactericidal functions. Taken together, these results show a novel phylactic role of anti-LAM IgM during mycobacterial infection in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Nakayama
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Faculty of Health Care and Nursing, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan; Institute for Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan; Infection Control Nursing, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Kei Hanafusa
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamaji
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eriko Oshima
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomomi Hotta
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenji Takamori
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideoki Ogawa
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Iwabuchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Faculty of Health Care and Nursing, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan; Institute for Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan; Infection Control Nursing, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan
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13
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Fujita M, Miyazawa T, Uchida K, Uchida N, Haji S, Yano S, Iwahashi N, Hatayama T, Katsuhara S, Nakamura S, Takeichi Y, Yokomoto-Umakoshi M, Miyachi Y, Sakamoto R, Iwakura Y, Ogawa Y. Dectin-2 Deficiency Promotes Proinflammatory Cytokine Release From Macrophages and Impairs Insulin Secretion. Endocrinology 2023; 165:bqad181. [PMID: 38038367 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic islet inflammation plays a crucial role in the etiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Macrophages residing in pancreatic islets have emerged as key players in islet inflammation. Macrophages express a plethora of innate immune receptors that bind to environmental and metabolic cues and integrate these signals to trigger an inflammatory response that contributes to the development of islet inflammation. One such receptor, Dectin-2, has been identified within pancreatic islets; however, its role in glucose metabolism remains largely unknown. Here we have demonstrated that mice lacking Dectin-2 exhibit local inflammation within islets, along with impaired insulin secretion and β-cell dysfunction. Our findings indicate that these effects are mediated by proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1α and IL-6, which are secreted by macrophages that have acquired an inflammatory phenotype because of the loss of Dectin-2. This study provides novel insights into the mechanisms underlying the role of Dectin-2 in the development of islet inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Fujita
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Miyazawa
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Uchida
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Naohiro Uchida
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shojiro Haji
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Seiichi Yano
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Norifusa Iwahashi
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomomi Hatayama
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Katsuhara
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shintaro Nakamura
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yukina Takeichi
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Maki Yokomoto-Umakoshi
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Miyachi
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Sakamoto
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki 2669, Noda-shi, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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14
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Franklin A, Layton AJ, Mize T, Salgueiro VC, Sullivan R, Benedict ST, Gurcha SS, Anso I, Besra GS, Banzhaf M, Lovering AL, Williams SJ, Guerin ME, Scott NE, Prados-Rosales R, Lowe EC, Moynihan PJ. The mycobacterial glycoside hydrolase LamH enables capsular arabinomannan release and stimulates growth. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.26.563968. [PMID: 37961452 PMCID: PMC10634837 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.26.563968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterial glycolipids are important cell envelope structures that drive host-pathogen interactions. Arguably, the most important amongst these are lipoarabinomannan (LAM) and its precursor, lipomannan (LM), which are both trafficked out of the bacterium to the host via unknown mechanisms. An important class of exported LM/LAM is the capsular derivative of these molecules which is devoid of its lipid anchor. Here, we describe the identification of a glycoside hydrolase family 76 enzyme that we term LamH which specifically cleaves α-1,6-mannoside linkages within LM and LAM, driving its export to the capsule releasing its phosphatidyl-myo-inositol mannoside lipid anchor. Unexpectedly, we found that the catalytic activity of this enzyme is important for efficient exit from stationary phase cultures where arabinomannan acts as a signal for growth phase transition. Finally, we demonstrate that LamH is important for Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival in macrophages. These data provide a new framework for understanding the biological role of LAM in mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Franklin
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K., B15 2TT
| | - Abigail J. Layton
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K., B15 2TT
| | - Todd Mize
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K., B15 2TT
| | - Vivian C. Salgueiro
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology. School of Medicine. Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rudi Sullivan
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K., B15 2TT
| | - Samuel T. Benedict
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K., B15 2TT
| | - Sudagar S. Gurcha
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K., B15 2TT
| | - Itxaso Anso
- Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, 48903, Spain
| | - Gurdyal S. Besra
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K., B15 2TT
| | - Manuel Banzhaf
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K., B15 2TT
| | - Andrew L. Lovering
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K., B15 2TT
| | - Spencer J. Williams
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Marcelo E. Guerin
- Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Department of Structural and Molecular Biology; Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona Science Park, c/Baldiri Reixac 4-8, Tower R, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Nichollas E. Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Rafael Prados-Rosales
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology. School of Medicine. Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisabeth C. Lowe
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K., NE2 4HH
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15
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Zihad SNK, Sifat N, Islam MA, Monjur-Al-Hossain A, Sikdar KYK, Sarker MMR, Shilpi JA, Uddin SJ. Role of pattern recognition receptors in sensing Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20636. [PMID: 37842564 PMCID: PMC10570006 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the major invasive intracellular pathogens causing most deaths by a single infectious agent. The interaction between host immune cells and this pathogen is the focal point of the disease, Tuberculosis. Host immune cells not only mount the protective action against this pathogen but also serve as the primary niche for growth. Thus, recognition of this pathogen by host immune cells and following signaling cascades are key dictators of the disease state. Immune cells, mainly belonging to myeloid cell lineage, recognize a wide variety of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ligands ranging from carbohydrate and lipids to proteins to nucleic acids by different membrane-bound and soluble pattern recognition receptors. Simultaneous interaction between different host receptors and pathogen ligands leads to immune-inflammatory response as well as contributes to virulence. This review summarizes the contribution of pattern recognition receptors of host immune cells in recognizing Mycobacterium tuberculosis and subsequent initiation of signaling pathways to provide the molecular insight of the specific Mtb ligands interacting with specific PRR, key adaptor molecules of the downstream signaling pathways and the resultant effector functions which will aid in identifying novel drug targets, and developing novel drugs and adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nazifa Sifat
- Department of Pharmacy, ASA University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | - Md Moklesur Rahman Sarker
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Gono University, Nolam, Mirzanagar, Savar, Dhaka 1344, Bangladesh
| | - Jamil A. Shilpi
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Shaikh Jamal Uddin
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
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16
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Pinho SS, Alves I, Gaifem J, Rabinovich GA. Immune regulatory networks coordinated by glycans and glycan-binding proteins in autoimmunity and infection. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:1101-1113. [PMID: 37582971 PMCID: PMC10541879 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01074-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system is coordinated by an intricate network of stimulatory and inhibitory circuits that regulate host responses against endogenous and exogenous insults. Disruption of these safeguard and homeostatic mechanisms can lead to unpredictable inflammatory and autoimmune responses, whereas deficiency of immune stimulatory pathways may orchestrate immunosuppressive programs that contribute to perpetuate chronic infections, but also influence cancer development and progression. Glycans have emerged as essential components of homeostatic circuits, acting as fine-tuners of immunological responses and potential molecular targets for manipulation of immune tolerance and activation in a wide range of pathologic settings. Cell surface glycans, present in cells, tissues and the extracellular matrix, have been proposed to serve as "self-associated molecular patterns" that store structurally relevant biological data. The responsibility of deciphering this information relies on different families of glycan-binding proteins (including galectins, siglecs and C-type lectins) which, upon recognition of specific carbohydrate structures, can recalibrate the magnitude, nature and fate of immune responses. This process is tightly regulated by the diversity of glycan structures and the establishment of multivalent interactions on cell surface receptors and the extracellular matrix. Here we review the spatiotemporal regulation of selected glycan-modifying processes including mannosylation, complex N-glycan branching, core 2 O-glycan elongation, LacNAc extension, as well as terminal sialylation and fucosylation. Moreover, we illustrate examples that highlight the contribution of these processes to the control of immune responses and their integration with canonical tolerogenic pathways. Finally, we discuss the power of glycans and glycan-binding proteins as a source of immunomodulatory signals that could be leveraged for the treatment of autoimmune inflammation and chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomé S Pinho
- i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
- ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Inês Alves
- i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Gaifem
- i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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17
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Kawka M, Płocińska R, Płociński P, Pawełczyk J, Słomka M, Gatkowska J, Dzitko K, Dziadek B, Dziadek J. The functional response of human monocyte-derived macrophages to serum amyloid A and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1238132. [PMID: 37781389 PMCID: PMC10540855 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1238132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the course of tuberculosis (TB), the level of major acute phase protein, namely serum amyloid A (hSAA-1), increases up to a hundredfold in the pleural fluids of infected individuals. Tubercle bacilli infecting the human host can be opsonized by hSAA-1, which affects bacterial entry into human macrophages and their intracellular multiplication. Methods We applied global RNA sequencing to evaluate the functional response of human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), isolated from healthy blood donors, under elevated hSAA-1 conditions and during infection with nonopsonized and hSAA-1-opsonized Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). In the same infection model, we also examined the functional response of mycobacteria to the intracellular environment of macrophages in the presence and absence of hSAA-1. The RNASeq analysis was validated using qPCR. The functional response of MDMs to hSAA-1 and/or tubercle bacilli was also evaluated for selected cytokines at the protein level by applying the Milliplex system. Findings Transcriptomes of MDMs cultured in the presence of hSAA-1 or infected with Mtb showed a high degree of similarity for both upregulated and downregulated genes involved mainly in processes related to cell division and immune response, respectively. Among the most induced genes, across both hSAA-1 and Mtb infection conditions, CXCL8, CCL15, CCL5, IL-1β, and receptors for IL-7 and IL-2 were identified. We also observed the same pattern of upregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, IL-23, and IL-1) and downregulated anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGFβ, and antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin) in the hSAA-1 treated-MDMs or the phagocytes infected with tubercle bacilli. At this early stage of infection, Mtb genes affected by the inside microenvironment of MDMs are strictly involved in iron scavenging, adaptation to hypoxia, low pH, and increasing levels of CO2. The genes for the synthesis and transport of virulence lipids, but not cholesterol/fatty acid degradation, were also upregulated. Conclusion Elevated serum hSAA-1 levels in tuberculosis enhance the response of host phagocytes to infection, including macrophages that have not yet been in contact with mycobacteria. SAA induces antigen processing and presentation processes by professional phagocytes reversing the inhibition caused by Mtb infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Kawka
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Renata Płocińska
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Jakub Pawełczyk
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Słomka
- Biobank Lab, Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Justyna Gatkowska
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dzitko
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bożena Dziadek
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jarosław Dziadek
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
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18
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Jani C, Solomon SL, Peters JM, Pringle SC, Hinman AE, Boucau J, Bryson BD, Barczak AK. TLR2 is non-redundant in the population and subpopulation responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophages and in vivo. mSystems 2023; 8:e0005223. [PMID: 37439558 PMCID: PMC10506474 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00052-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the pathogenic bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is a global health threat. Targeting host pathways that modulate protective or harmful components of inflammation has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy that could aid sterilization or mitigate TB-associated permanent tissue damage. In purified form, many Mtb components can activate innate immune pathways. However, knowledge of the pathways that contribute most to the observed response to live Mtb is incomplete, limiting the possibility of precise intervention. We took a systematic, unbiased approach to define the pathways that drive the earliest immune response to Mtb. Using a macrophage model of infection, we compared the bulk transcriptional response to infection with the response to a panel of Mtb-derived putative innate immune ligands. We identified two axes of response: an NF-kB-dependent response similarly elicited by all Mtb pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and a type I interferon axis unique to cells infected with live Mtb. Consistent with growing literature data pointing to TLR2 as a dominant Mtb-associated PAMP, the TLR2 ligand PIM6 most closely approximated the NF-kB-dependent response to the intact bacterium. Quantitatively, the macrophage response to Mtb was slower and weaker than the response to purified PIM6. On a subpopulation level, the TLR2-dependent response was heterogeneously induced, with only a subset of infected cells expressing key inflammatory genes known to contribute to the control of infection. Despite potential redundancies in Mtb ligand/innate immune receptor interactions during in vivo infection, loss of the TLR2/PIM6 interaction impacted the cellular composition of both the innate and adaptive compartments. IMPORTANCE Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of death globally. Drug resistance is outpacing new antibiotic discovery, and even after successful treatment, individuals are often left with permanent lung damage from the negative consequences of inflammation. Targeting host inflammatory pathways has been proposed as an approach that could either improve sterilization or improve post-treatment lung health. However, our understanding of the inflammatory pathways triggered by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in infected cells and lungs is incomplete, in part because of the complex array of potential molecular interactions between bacterium and host. Here, we take an unbiased approach to identify the pathways most central to the host response to Mtb. We examine how individual pathways are triggered differently by purified Mtb products or infection with the live bacterium and consider how these pathways inform the emergence of subpopulation responses in cell culture and in infected mice. Understanding how individual interactions and immune pathways contribute to inflammation in TB opens the door to the possibility of developing precise therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charul Jani
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sydney L. Solomon
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joshua M. Peters
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Amelia E. Hinman
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julie Boucau
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bryan D. Bryson
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amy K. Barczak
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- The Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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19
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Oka S, Watanabe M, Ito E, Takeyama A, Matsuoka T, Takahashi M, Izumi Y, Arichi N, Ohno H, Yamasaki S, Inuki S. Archaeal Glycerolipids Are Recognized by C-Type Lectin Receptor Mincle. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18538-18548. [PMID: 37555666 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Recently, various metabolites derived from host microbes have been reported to modulate the immune system, with potential involvement in health or diseases. Archaea, prokaryotic organisms, are present in the human body, but their connection with the host is largely unknown when compared to other microorganisms such as bacteria. This study focused on unique glycerolipids from symbiotic methanogenic archaea and evaluated their activities toward an innate immune receptor. The results revealed that archaeal lipids were recognized by the C-type lectin receptor Mincle and induced immune responses. A concurrent structure-activity relationship study identified the key structural features of archaeal lipids required for recognition by Mincle. Subsequent gene expression profiling suggested qualitative differences between the symbiotic archaeal lipid and the pathogenic bacteria-derived lipid. These findings have broad implications for understanding the function of symbiotic archaea in host health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Oka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Miyuki Watanabe
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Emi Ito
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ami Takeyama
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuro Matsuoka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masatomo Takahashi
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Izumi
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Norihito Arichi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ohno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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20
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Ren H, Jia W, Xie Y, Yu M, Chen Y. Adjuvant physiochemistry and advanced nanotechnology for vaccine development. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5172-5254. [PMID: 37462107 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00848c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines comprising innovative adjuvants are rapidly reaching advanced translational stages, such as the authorized nanotechnology adjuvants in mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 worldwide, offering new strategies to effectively combat diseases threatening human health. Adjuvants are vital ingredients in vaccines, which can augment the degree, extensiveness, and longevity of antigen specific immune response. The advances in the modulation of physicochemical properties of nanoplatforms elevate the capability of adjuvants in initiating the innate immune system and adaptive immunity, offering immense potential for developing vaccines against hard-to-target infectious diseases and cancer. In this review, we provide an essential introduction of the basic principles of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination, key roles of adjuvants in augmenting and shaping immunity to achieve desired outcomes and effectiveness, and the physiochemical properties and action mechanisms of clinically approved adjuvants for humans. We particularly focus on the preclinical and clinical progress of highly immunogenic emerging nanotechnology adjuvants formulated in vaccines for cancer treatment or infectious disease prevention. We deliberate on how the immune system can sense and respond to the physicochemical cues (e.g., chirality, deformability, solubility, topology, and chemical structures) of nanotechnology adjuvants incorporated in the vaccines. Finally, we propose possible strategies to accelerate the clinical implementation of nanotechnology adjuvanted vaccines, such as in-depth elucidation of nano-immuno interactions, antigen identification and optimization by the deployment of high-dimensional multiomics analysis approaches, encouraging close collaborations among scientists from different scientific disciplines and aggressive exploration of novel nanotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongze Ren
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Wencong Jia
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Xie
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Meihua Yu
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Chen
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
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21
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Hildebrandt F, Mohammed M, Dziedziech A, Bhandage AK, Divne AM, Barrenäs F, Barragan A, Henriksson J, Ankarklev J. scDual-Seq of Toxoplasma gondii-infected mouse BMDCs reveals heterogeneity and differential infection dynamics. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1224591. [PMID: 37575232 PMCID: PMC10415529 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1224591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells and macrophages are integral parts of the innate immune system and gatekeepers against infection. The protozoan pathogen, Toxoplasma gondii, is known to hijack host immune cells and modulate their immune response, making it a compelling model to study host-pathogen interactions. Here we utilize single cell Dual RNA-seq to parse out heterogeneous transcription of mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) infected with two distinct genotypes of T. gondii parasites, over multiple time points post infection. We show that the BMDCs elicit differential responses towards T. gondii infection and that the two parasite lineages distinctly manipulate subpopulations of infected BMDCs. Co-expression networks define host and parasite genes, with implications for modulation of host immunity. Integrative analysis validates previously established immune pathways and additionally, suggests novel candidate genes involved in host-pathogen interactions. Altogether, this study provides a comprehensive resource for characterizing host-pathogen interplay at high-resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Hildebrandt
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mubasher Mohammed
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexis Dziedziech
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Amol K. Bhandage
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna-Maria Divne
- Microbial Single Cell Genomics Facility, SciLifeLab, Biomedical Center (BMC) Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Barrenäs
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonio Barragan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Henriksson
- Laboratory of Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå Center for Microbial Research, Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johan Ankarklev
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Microbial Single Cell Genomics Facility, SciLifeLab, Biomedical Center (BMC) Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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22
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Ishizuka S, van Dijk JHM, Kawakita T, Miyamoto Y, Maeda Y, Goto M, Le Calvez G, Groot LM, Witte MD, Minnaard AJ, van der Marel GA, Ato M, Nagae M, Codée JDC, Yamasaki S. PGL-III, a Rare Intermediate of Mycobacterium leprae Phenolic Glycolipid Biosynthesis, Is a Potent Mincle Ligand. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:1388-1399. [PMID: 37521780 PMCID: PMC10375886 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Although leprosy (Hansen's disease) is one of the oldest known diseases, the pathogenicity of Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) remains enigmatic. Indeed, the cell wall components responsible for the immune response against M. leprae are as yet largely unidentified. We reveal here phenolic glycolipid-III (PGL-III) as an M. leprae-specific ligand for the immune receptor Mincle. PGL-III is a scarcely present trisaccharide intermediate in the biosynthetic pathway to PGL-I, an abundant and characteristic M. leprae glycolipid. Using activity-based purification, we identified PGL-III as a Mincle ligand that is more potent than the well-known M. tuberculosis trehalose dimycolate. The cocrystal structure of Mincle and a synthetic PGL-III analogue revealed a unique recognition mode, implying that it can engage multiple Mincle molecules. In Mincle-deficient mice infected with M. leprae, increased bacterial burden with gross pathologies were observed. These results show that PGL-III is a noncanonical ligand recognized by Mincle, triggering protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigenari Ishizuka
- Department
of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory
of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - J. Hessel M. van Dijk
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tomomi Kawakita
- Department
of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-2-1 Aobacho, Higashimurayama, Tokyo 189-0002, Japan
| | - Yuji Miyamoto
- Department
of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-2-1 Aobacho, Higashimurayama, Tokyo 189-0002, Japan
| | - Yumi Maeda
- Department
of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-2-1 Aobacho, Higashimurayama, Tokyo 189-0002, Japan
| | - Masamichi Goto
- Department
of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate
School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Guillaume Le Calvez
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - L. Melanie Groot
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martin D. Witte
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan J. Minnaard
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Manabu Ato
- Department
of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-2-1 Aobacho, Higashimurayama, Tokyo 189-0002, Japan
| | - Masamichi Nagae
- Department
of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory
of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jeroen D. C. Codée
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Department
of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory
of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center
for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University (CiDER), 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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23
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Ochoa AE, Congel JH, Corley JM, Janssen WJ, Nick JA, Malcolm KC, Hisert KB. Dectin-1-Independent Macrophage Phagocytosis of Mycobacterium abscessus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11062. [PMID: 37446240 PMCID: PMC10341562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus, a species of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), is an opportunistic pathogen that is readily cleared by healthy lungs but can cause pulmonary infections in people with chronic airway diseases. Although knowledge pertaining to molecular mechanisms of host defense against NTM is increasing, macrophage receptors that recognize M. abscessus remain poorly defined. Dectin-1, a C-type lectin receptor identified as a fungal receptor, has been shown to be a pathogen recognition receptor (PRR) for both M. tuberculosis and NTM. To better understand the role of Dectin-1 in host defense against M. abscessus, we tested whether blocking Dectin-1 impaired the uptake of M. abscessus by human macrophages, and we compared M. abscessus pulmonary infection in Dectin-1-deficient and wild-type mice. Blocking antibody for Dectin-1 did not reduce macrophage phagocytosis of M. abscessus, but did reduce the ingestion of the fungal antigen zymosan. Laminarin, a glucan that blocks Dectin-1 and other PRRs, caused decreased phagocytosis of both M. abscessus and zymosan. Dectin-1-/- mice exhibited no defects in the control of M. abscessus infection, and no differences were detected in immune cell populations between wild type and Dectin-1-/- mice. These data demonstrate that murine defense against M. abscessus pulmonary infection, as well as ingestion of M. abscessus by human macrophages, can occur independent of Dectin-1. Thus, additional PRR(s) recognized by laminarin participate in macrophage phagocytosis of M. abscessus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Katherine B. Hisert
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Room A550, Denver, CO 80206, USA
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24
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Ayodele S, Kumar P, van Eyk A, Choonara YE. Advances in immunomodulatory strategies for host-directed therapies in combating tuberculosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114588. [PMID: 36989709 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) maintains its infamous status regarding its detrimental effect on global health, causing the highest mortality by a single infectious agent. The presence of resistance and immune compromising disease favours the disease in maintaining its footing in the health care burden despite various anti-TB drugs used to fight it. Main factors contributing to resistance and difficulty in treating disease include prolonged treatment duration (at least 6 months) and severe toxicity, which further leads to patient non-compliance, and thus a ripple effect leading to therapeutic non-efficacy. The efficacy of new regimens demonstrates that targeting host factors concomitantly with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) strain is urgently required. Due to the huge expenses and time required of up to 20 years for new drug research and development, drug repurposing may be the most economical, circumspective, and conveniently faster journey to embark on. Host-directed therapy (HDT) will dampen the burden of the disease by acting as an immunomodulator, allowing it to defend the body against antibiotic-resistant pathogens whilst minimizing the possibility of developing new resistance to susceptible drugs. Repurposed drugs in TB act as host-directed therapies, acclimatizing the host immune cell to the presence of TB, improving its antimicrobial activity and time taken to get rid of the disease, whilst minimizing inflammation and tissue damage. In this review, we, therefore, explore possible immunomodulatory targets, HDT immunomodulatory agents, and their ability to improve clinical outcomes whilst minimizing the risk of drug resistance, through various pathway targeting and treatment duration reduction.
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25
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Viljoen A, Vercellone A, Chimen M, Gaibelet G, Mazères S, Nigou J, Dufrêne YF. Nanoscale clustering of mycobacterial ligands and DC-SIGN host receptors are key determinants for pathogen recognition. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf9498. [PMID: 37205764 PMCID: PMC10198640 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf9498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis binds to the C-type lectin DC-SIGN (dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing nonintegrin) on dendritic cells to evade the immune system. While DC-SIGN glycoconjugate ligands are ubiquitous among mycobacterial species, the receptor selectively binds pathogenic species from the M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC). Here, we unravel the molecular mechanism behind this intriguing selective recognition by means of a multidisciplinary approach combining single-molecule atomic force microscopy with Förster resonance energy transfer and bioassays. Molecular recognition imaging of mycobacteria demonstrates that the distribution of DC-SIGN ligands markedly differs between Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) (model MTBC species) and Mycobacterium smegmatis (non-MTBC species), the ligands being concentrated into dense nanodomains on M. bovis BCG. Upon bacteria-host cell adhesion, ligand nanodomains induce the recruitment and clustering of DC-SIGN. Our study highlights the key role of clustering of both ligands on MTBC species and DC-SIGN host receptors in pathogen recognition, a mechanism that might be widespread in host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albertus Viljoen
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte L7.07.07., B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Alain Vercellone
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Myriam Chimen
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Gérald Gaibelet
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Serge Mazères
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Jérôme Nigou
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Yves F. Dufrêne
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte L7.07.07., B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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26
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Gong Y, Wang J, Li F, Zhu B. Polysaccharides and glycolipids of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and their induced immune responses. Scand J Immunol 2023; 97:e13261. [PMID: 39008002 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease mainly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). The structures of polysaccharides and glycolipids at M. tuberculosis cell wall vary among different strains, which affect the physiology and pathogenesis of mycobacteria by activating or inhibiting innate and acquired immunity. Among them, some components such as lipomannan (LM) and lipoarabinomannan (LAM) activate innate immunity by recognizing some kinds of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) like Toll-like receptors, while other components like mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan (ManLAM) could prevent innate immune responses by inhibiting the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and maturation of phagosomes. In addition, many glycolipids can activate natural killer T (NKT) cells and CD1-restricted T cells to produce interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Furthermore, humoral immunity against cell wall components, such as antibodies against LAM, plays a role in immunity against M. tuberculosis infection. Cell wall polysaccharides and glycolipids of M. tuberculosis have potential applications as antigens and adjuvants for novel TB subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gong
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation & Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation & Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fei Li
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation & Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bingdong Zhu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation & Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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27
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Watanabe M, Motooka D, Yamasaki S. The kinetics of signaling through the common FcRγ chain determine cytokine profiles in dendritic cells. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eabn9909. [PMID: 36881655 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abn9909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The common Fc receptor γ (FcRγ) chain is a signaling subunit common to several immune receptors, but cellular responses induced by FcRγ-coupled receptors are diverse. We investigated the mechanisms by which FcRγ generates divergent signals when coupled to Dectin-2 and Mincle, structurally similar C-type lectin receptors that induce the release of different cytokines from dendritic cells. Chronological tracing of transcriptomic and epigenetic changes upon stimulation revealed that Dectin-2 induced early and strong signaling, whereas Mincle-mediated signaling was delayed, which reflects their expression patterns. Generation of early and strong FcRγ-Syk signaling by engineered chimeric receptors was sufficient to recapitulate a Dectin-2-like gene expression profile. Early Syk signaling selectively stimulated the activity of the calcium ion-activated transcription factor NFAT, which rapidly altered the chromatin status and transcription of the Il2 gene. In contrast, proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF, were induced regardless of FcRγ signaling kinetics. These results suggest that the strength and timing of FcRγ-Syk signaling can alter the quality of cellular responses through kinetics-sensing signaling machineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Watanabe
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Division of Molecular Design, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8673, Japan
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28
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Blamberg R, Lang R. The early bird catches the IL-2 in C-type lectin receptor-dependent activation of dendritic cells. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eadg4314. [PMID: 36881654 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adg4314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The transcriptional response of macrophages and dendritic cells to stimulation of pattern recognition receptors can be unexpectedly distinct. In this issue of Science Signaling, Watanabe et al. demonstrate that IL-2 is differentially induced by the closely related C-type lectin receptors Dectin-2 and Mincle and reveal early signaling through the adaptor protein FcRγ as a critical mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Blamberg
- Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Roland Lang
- Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
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29
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Fuchsberger FF, Kim D, Baranova N, Vrban H, Kagelmacher M, Wawrzinek R, Rademacher C. Information transfer in mammalian glycan-based communication. eLife 2023; 12:69415. [PMID: 36803584 PMCID: PMC10014076 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycan-binding proteins, so-called lectins, are exposed on mammalian cell surfaces and decipher the information encoded within glycans translating it into biochemical signal transduction pathways in the cell. These glycan-lectin communication pathways are complex and difficult to analyze. However, quantitative data with single-cell resolution provide means to disentangle the associated signaling cascades. We chose C-type lectin receptors (CTLs) expressed on immune cells as a model system to study their capacity to transmit information encoded in glycans of incoming particles. In particular, we used nuclear factor kappa-B-reporter cell lines expressing DC-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN), macrophage C-type lectin (MCL), dectin-1, dectin-2, and macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (MINCLE), as well as TNFαR and TLR-1&2 in monocytic cell lines and compared their transmission of glycan-encoded information. All receptors transmit information with similar signaling capacity, except dectin-2. This lectin was identified to be less efficient in information transmission compared to the other CTLs, and even when the sensitivity of the dectin-2 pathway was enhanced by overexpression of its co-receptor FcRγ, its transmitted information was not. Next, we expanded our investigation toward the integration of multiple signal transduction pathways including synergistic lectins, which is crucial during pathogen recognition. We show how the signaling capacity of lectin receptors using a similar signal transduction pathway (dectin-1 and dectin-2) is being integrated by compromising between the lectins. In contrast, co-expression of MCL synergistically enhanced the dectin-2 signaling capacity, particularly at low-glycan stimulant concentration. By using dectin-2 and other lectins as examples, we demonstrate how signaling capacity of dectin-2 is modulated in the presence of other lectins, and therefore, the findings provide insight into how immune cells translate glycan information using multivalent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix F Fuchsberger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesPotsdamGermany
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz LabsViennaAustria
| | - Dongyoon Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesPotsdamGermany
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz LabsViennaAustria
| | - Natalia Baranova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz LabsViennaAustria
| | - Hanka Vrban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz LabsViennaAustria
| | - Marten Kagelmacher
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesPotsdamGermany
| | - Robert Wawrzinek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesPotsdamGermany
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz LabsViennaAustria
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesPotsdamGermany
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz LabsViennaAustria
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30
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León B. Understanding the development of Th2 cell-driven allergic airway disease in early life. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 3:1080153. [PMID: 36704753 PMCID: PMC9872036 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.1080153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases, including atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma, and food allergy, are caused by abnormal responses to relatively harmless foreign proteins called allergens found in pollen, fungal spores, house dust mites (HDM), animal dander, or certain foods. In particular, the activation of allergen-specific helper T cells towards a type 2 (Th2) phenotype during the first encounters with the allergen, also known as the sensitization phase, is the leading cause of the subsequent development of allergic disease. Infants and children are especially prone to developing Th2 cell responses after initial contact with allergens. But in addition, the rates of allergic sensitization and the development of allergic diseases among children are increasing in the industrialized world and have been associated with living in urban settings. Particularly for respiratory allergies, greater susceptibility to developing allergic Th2 cell responses has been shown in children living in urban environments containing low levels of microbial contaminants, principally bacterial endotoxins [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)], in the causative aeroallergens. This review highlights the current understanding of the factors that balance Th2 cell immunity to environmental allergens, with a particular focus on the determinants that program conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) toward or away from a Th2 stimulatory function. In this context, it discusses transcription factor-guided functional specialization of type-2 cDCs (cDC2s) and how the integration of signals derived from the environment drives this process. In addition, it analyzes observational and mechanistic studies supporting an essential role for innate sensing of microbial-derived products contained in aeroallergens in modulating allergic Th2 cell immune responses. Finally, this review examines whether hyporesponsiveness to microbial stimulation, particularly to LPS, is a risk factor for the induction of Th2 cell responses and allergic sensitization during infancy and early childhood and the potential factors that may affect early-age response to LPS and other environmental microbial components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz León
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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31
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Guenther C, Watanabe M, Yamasaki S. Immunomodulatory Functions of Glycolipids from Pathogens. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2613:23-31. [PMID: 36587068 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2910-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The cell envelopes of pathogens comprise a wealth of unique glycolipids, which are important modulators of the host immune responses during infection and in some cases have been used as adjuvants. Despite this abundant basic knowledge, the identities of the host immune receptors for mycobacterial lipids have long been elusive (Ishikawa et al., Trends Immunol 38:66-76, 2017). We describe the method of how to isolate glycolipids from microorganisms and how to analyze the glycolipids' potential to activate reporter cells and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), such as surface marker expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Additionally, we outline an in vitro BMDC/T cell coculture model to investigate functional consequences of leukocyte activation, such as cytokine production. In this chapter, we provide a guide for extracting glycolipids from microorganisms and how to use them to activate leukocytes. We also present methods on how to generate and activate reporter cells, as well as BMDCs and how to set up BMDC/T cell cocultures. We further outline how to generate samples and how to analyze the immunomodulatory effect glycolipid exposure has on these cells, via flow cytometry, ROS production assays and ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Guenther
- Tampere Institute for Advanced Study, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miyuki Watanabe
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan. .,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan. .,Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan. .,Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
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32
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Schick J, Altunay M, Lacorcia M, Marschner N, Westermann S, Schluckebier J, Schubart C, Bodendorfer B, Christensen D, Alexander C, Wirtz S, Voehringer D, da Costa CP, Lang R. IL-4 and helminth infection downregulate MINCLE-dependent macrophage response to mycobacteria and Th17 adjuvanticity. eLife 2023; 12:72923. [PMID: 36753434 PMCID: PMC9908076 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The myeloid C-type lectin receptor (CLR) MINCLE senses the mycobacterial cell wall component trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate (TDM). Recently, we found that IL-4 downregulates MINCLE expression in macrophages. IL-4 is a hallmark cytokine in helminth infections, which appear to increase the risk for mycobacterial infection and active tuberculosis. Here, we investigated functional consequences of IL-4 and helminth infection on MINCLE-driven macrophage activation and Th1/Th17 adjuvanticity. IL-4 inhibited MINCLE and cytokine induction after macrophage infection with Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG). Infection of mice with BCG upregulated MINCLE on myeloid cells, which was inhibited by IL-4 plasmid injection and by infection with the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in monocytes. To determine the impact of helminth infection on MINCLE-dependent immune responses, we vaccinated mice with a recombinant protein together with the MINCLE ligand trehalose-6,6-dibehenate (TDB) as adjuvant. Concurrent infection with N. brasiliensis or with Schistosoma mansoni promoted T cell-derived IL-4 production and suppressed Th1/Th17 differentiation in the spleen. In contrast, helminth infection did not reduce Th1/Th17 induction by TDB in draining peripheral lymph nodes, where IL-4 levels were unaltered. Upon use of the TLR4-dependent adjuvant G3D6A, N. brasiliensis infection impaired selectively the induction of splenic antigen-specific Th1 but not of Th17 cells. Inhibition of MINCLE-dependent Th1/Th17 responses in mice infected with N. brasiliensis was dependent on IL-4/IL-13. Thus, helminth infection attenuated the Th17 response to MINCLE-dependent immunization in an organ- and adjuvant-specific manner via the Th2 cytokines IL-4/IL-13. Taken together, our results demonstrate downregulation of MINCLE expression on monocytes and macrophages by IL-4 as a possible mechanism of thwarted Th17 vaccination responses by underlying helminth infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Schick
- Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Meltem Altunay
- Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Matthew Lacorcia
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Center for Global Health, Technische Universität MünchenMunichGermany,Center for Global Health, Technical University MunichMunichGermany
| | - Nathalie Marschner
- Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Stefanie Westermann
- Infektionsbiologische Abteilung, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Julia Schluckebier
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Center for Global Health, Technische Universität MünchenMunichGermany,Center for Global Health, Technical University MunichMunichGermany
| | - Christoph Schubart
- Infektionsbiologische Abteilung, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Barbara Bodendorfer
- Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Adjuvant Research, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum InstitutCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Christian Alexander
- Cellular Microbiology, Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center BorstelBorstelGermany
| | - Stefan Wirtz
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - David Voehringer
- Infektionsbiologische Abteilung, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Clarissa Prazeres da Costa
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Center for Global Health, Technische Universität MünchenMunichGermany,Center for Global Health, Technical University MunichMunichGermany
| | - Roland Lang
- Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany
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33
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Lan Y, Shao R, Zhang J, Liu J, Liao X, Liang S, Mai K, Ai Q, Wan M. Vitamin D 3 enhances the antibacterial ability in head-kidney macrophages of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) through C-type lectin receptors. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 132:108491. [PMID: 36503059 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.108491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
It has been known that vitamin D3 (VD3) not only plays an important role in regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism in animals, but also has extensive effects on immune functions. In this study, the mechanism how VD3 influences bactericidal ability in turbot was explored. The transcriptomic analysis identified that dietary VD3 significantly upregulated the gene expression of C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), including mannose receptors (mrc1, mrc2, pla2r1) and collectins (collectin 11 and collectin 12) in turbot intestine. Further results obtained from in vitro experiments confirmed that the gene expression of mannose receptors and collectins in head-kidney macrophages (HKMs) of turbot was induced after the cells were incubated with different concentrations of VD3 (0, 1, 10 nM) or 1,25(OH)2D3 (0, 10, 100 pM). Meanwhile, both phagocytosis and bactericidal functions of HKMs were significantly improved in VD3 or 1,25(OH)2D3-incubated HKMs. Furthermore, phagocytosis and bacterial killing of HKMs decreased after collectin 11 was knocked down. Moreover, VD3-enhanced antibacterial activities diminished in collectin 11-interfered cells. Interestingly, the evidence was provided in the present study that inactive VD3 could be metabolized into active 1,25(OH)2D3 via hydroxylases encoded by cyp27a1 and cyp27b1 in fish macrophages. In conclusion, VD3 could be metabolized to 1,25(OH)2D3 in HKMs, which promoted the expression of CLRs in macrophages, leading to enhanced bacterial clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Lan
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Rui Shao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiayu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinmeng Liao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Shufei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Pilot National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Pilot National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Min Wan
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Pilot National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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34
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Nishimura N, Tomiyasu N, Torigoe S, Mizuno S, Fukano H, Ishikawa E, Katano H, Hoshino Y, Matsuo K, Takahashi M, Izumi Y, Bamba T, Akashi K, Yamasaki S. Mycobacterial mycolic acids trigger inhibitory receptor Clec12A to suppress host immune responses. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 138:102294. [PMID: 36542980 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2022.102294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacteria often cause chronic infection. To establish persistence in the host, mycobacteria need to evade host immune responses. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the evasion strategy are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that mycobacterial cell wall lipids trigger an inhibitory receptor to suppress host immune responses. Mycolic acids are major cell wall components and are essential for survival of mycobacteria. By screening inhibitory receptors that react with mycobacterial lipids, we found that mycolic acids from various mycobacterial species bind to mouse Clec12A, and more potently to human Clec12A. Clec12A is a conserved inhibitory C-type lectin receptor containing immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM). Innate immune responses, such as MCP-1 production, and PPD-specific recall T cell responses were augmented in Clec12A-deficient mice after infection. In contrast, human Clec12A transgenic mice were susceptible to infection with M. tuberculosis. These results suggest that mycobacteria dampen host immune responses by hijacking an inhibitory host receptor through their specific and essential lipids, mycolic acids. The blockade of this interaction might provide a therapeutic option for the treatment or prevention of mycobacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Nishimura
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Tomiyasu
- Department of Systems Life Sciences, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shota Torigoe
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 189-0002, Japan; Management Department of Biosafety, Laboratory Animal, and Pathogen Bank, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Satoru Mizuno
- Research and Development Department, Japan BCG Laboratory, Tokyo, 204-0022, Japan
| | - Hanako Fukano
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 189-0002, Japan
| | - Eri Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Harutaka Katano
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Disease, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hoshino
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 189-0002, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Matsuo
- Research and Development Department, Japan BCG Laboratory, Tokyo, 204-0022, Japan
| | - Masatomo Takahashi
- Department of Systems Life Sciences, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan; Division of Metabolomics, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Izumi
- Department of Systems Life Sciences, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan; Division of Metabolomics, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Bamba
- Department of Systems Life Sciences, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan; Division of Metabolomics, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan; Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University (CiDER), Suita, 565-0871, Japan; Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8673, Japan; Division of Molecular Design, Research Center for Systems Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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35
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Correia-Neves M, Nigou J, Mousavian Z, Sundling C, Källenius G. Immunological hyporesponsiveness in tuberculosis: The role of mycobacterial glycolipids. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1035122. [PMID: 36544778 PMCID: PMC9761185 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1035122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycolipids constitute a major part of the cell envelope of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). They are potent immunomodulatory molecules recognized by several immune receptors like pattern recognition receptors such as TLR2, DC-SIGN and Dectin-2 on antigen-presenting cells and by T cell receptors on T lymphocytes. The Mtb glycolipids lipoarabinomannan (LAM) and its biosynthetic relatives, phosphatidylinositol mannosides (PIMs) and lipomannan (LM), as well as other Mtb glycolipids, such as phenolic glycolipids and sulfoglycolipids have the ability to modulate the immune response, stimulating or inhibiting a pro-inflammatory response. We explore here the downmodulating effect of Mtb glycolipids. A great proportion of the studies used in vitro approaches although in vivo infection with Mtb might also lead to a dampening of myeloid cell and T cell responses to Mtb glycolipids. This dampened response has been explored ex vivo with immune cells from peripheral blood from Mtb-infected individuals and in mouse models of infection. In addition to the dampening of the immune response caused by Mtb glycolipids, we discuss the hyporesponse to Mtb glycolipids caused by prolonged Mtb infection and/or exposure to Mtb antigens. Hyporesponse to LAM has been observed in myeloid cells from individuals with active and latent tuberculosis (TB). For some myeloid subsets, this effect is stronger in latent versus active TB. Since the immune response in individuals with latent TB represents a more protective profile compared to the one in patients with active TB, this suggests that downmodulation of myeloid cell functions by Mtb glycolipids may be beneficial for the host and protect against active TB disease. The mechanisms of this downmodulation, including tolerance through epigenetic modifications, are only partly explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Correia-Neves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute/Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics Research Group (ICVS/3B's), Portuguese (PT) Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jérôme Nigou
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Zaynab Mousavian
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher Sundling
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Källenius
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,*Correspondence: Gunilla Källenius,
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36
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Generalov EA, Simonenko EY, Kulchenko NG, Yakovenko LV. [Molecular basis of biological activity of polysaccharides in COVID-19 associated conditions]. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2022; 68:403-418. [PMID: 36573407 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20226806403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The review considers the main molecular biological features of the COVID-19 causative agent, the SARS-CoV-2 virus: life cycle, viral cell penetration strategies, interactions of viral proteins with human proteins, cytopathic effects. We also analyze pathological conditions that occur both during the course of the COVID-19 disease and after virus elimination. A brief review of the biological activities of polysaccharides isolated from various sources is given, and possible molecular biological mechanisms of these activities are considered. Data analysis shows that polysaccharides are a class of biological molecules with wide potential for use in the treatment of both acute conditions in COVID-19 and post-COVID syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Generalov
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Faculty of Medicine, Moscow University for Industry and Finance "Synergy", Moscow, Russia
| | - E Yu Simonenko
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - N G Kulchenko
- Medical Institute of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - L V Yakovenko
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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37
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Achmad H, Saleh Ibrahim Y, Mohammed Al-Taee M, Gabr GA, Waheed Riaz M, Hamoud Alshahrani S, Alexis Ramírez-Coronel A, Turki Jalil A, Setia Budi H, Sawitri W, Elena Stanislavovna M, Gupta J. Nanovaccines in cancer immunotherapy: Focusing on dendritic cell targeting. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109434. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
The term "lectin" is derived from the Latin word lego- (aggregate) (Boyd & Shapleigh, 1954). Indeed, lectins' folds can flexibly alter their pocket structures just like Lego blocks, which enables them to grab a wide-variety of substances. Thus, this useful fold is well-conserved among various organisms. Through evolution, prototypic soluble lectins acquired transmembrane regions and signaling motifs to become C-type lectin receptors (CLRs). While CLRs seem to possess certain intrinsic affinity to self, some CLRs adapted to efficiently recognize glycoconjugates present in pathogens as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and altered self. CLRs further extended their diversity to recognize non-glycosylated targets including pathogens and self-derived molecules. Thus, CLRs seem to have developed to monitor the internal/external stresses to maintain homeostasis by sensing various "unfamiliar" targets. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in our understanding of CLRs, their ligands and functions and discuss future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Guenther
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Masamichi Nagae
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
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39
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Cbl-b restrains priming of pathogenic Th17 cells via the inhibition of IL-6 production by macrophages. iScience 2022; 25:105151. [PMID: 36185364 PMCID: PMC9523381 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b is involved in the maintenance of a balance between immunity and tolerance. Mice lacking Cbl-b are highly susceptible to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a Th17-mediated autoimmune disease. However, how Cbl-b regulates Th17 cell responses remains unclear. In this study, utilizing adoptive transfer and cell type-specific Cblb knockout strains, we show that Cbl-b expression in macrophages, but not T cells or dendritic cells (DCs), restrains the generation of pathogenic Th17 cells and the development of EAE. Cbl-b inhibits IL-6 production by macrophages that is induced by signaling from CARD9-dependent C-type lectin receptor (CLR) pathways, which directs T cells to generate pathogenic Th17 cells. Therefore, our data unveil a previously unappreciated function for Cbl-b in the regulation of pathogenic Th17 responses. E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b inhibits EAE disease progression Cbl-b dampens pathogenic Th17 response via inhibiting macrophage-derived IL-6 Cbl-b controls macrophage-derived IL-6 via a CARD9-dependent manner
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Kim H, Shin SJ. Pathological and protective roles of dendritic cells in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: Interaction between host immune responses and pathogen evasion. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:891878. [PMID: 35967869 PMCID: PMC9366614 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.891878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are principal defense components that play multifactorial roles in translating innate immune responses to adaptive immunity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections. The heterogeneous nature of DC subsets follows their altered functions by interacting with other immune cells, Mtb, and its products, enhancing host defense mechanisms or facilitating pathogen evasion. Thus, a better understanding of the immune responses initiated, promoted, and amplified or inhibited by DCs in Mtb infection is an essential step in developing anti-tuberculosis (TB) control measures, such as host-directed adjunctive therapy and anti-TB vaccines. This review summarizes the recent advances in salient DC subsets, including their phenotypic classification, cytokine profiles, functional alterations according to disease stages and environments, and consequent TB outcomes. A comprehensive overview of the role of DCs from various perspectives enables a deeper understanding of TB pathogenesis and could be useful in developing DC-based vaccines and immunotherapies.
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41
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Shah T, Shah Z, Yasmeen N, Baloch Z, Xia X. Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Coinfection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:909011. [PMID: 35784278 PMCID: PMC9246416 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.909011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, is an infectious disease that poses severe threats to global public health and significant economic losses. The COVID-19 global burden is rapidly increasing, with over 246.53 million COVID-19 cases and 49.97 million deaths reported in the WHO 2021 report. People with compromised immunity, such as tuberculosis (TB) patients, are highly exposed to severe COVID-19. Both COVID-19 and TB diseases spread primarily through respiratory droplets from an infected person to a healthy person, which may cause pneumonia and cytokine storms, leading to severe respiratory disorders. The COVID-19-TB coinfection could be fatal, exacerbating the current COVID-19 pandemic apart from cellular immune deficiency, coagulation activation, myocardial infarction, and other organ dysfunction. This study aimed to assess the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2-Mycobacterium tuberculosis coinfections. We provide a brief overview of COVID19-TB coinfection and discuss SARS-CoV-2 host cellular receptors and pathogenesis. In addition, we discuss M. tuberculosis host cellular receptors and pathogenesis. Moreover, we highlight the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on TB patients and the pathological pathways that connect SARS-CoV-2 and M. tuberculosis infection. Further, we discuss the impact of BCG vaccination on SARS-CoV-2 cases coinfected with M. tuberculosis, as well as the diagnostic challenges associated with the coinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taif Shah
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zahir Shah
- College of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Nafeesa Yasmeen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zulqarnain Baloch
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xueshan Xia
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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42
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Alves I, Fernandes Â, Santos-Pereira B, Azevedo CM, Pinho SS. Glycans as a key factor in self and non-self discrimination: Impact on the breach of immune tolerance. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:1485-1502. [PMID: 35383918 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Glycans are carbohydrates that are made by all organisms and covalently conjugated to other biomolecules. Glycans cover the surface of both human cells and pathogens and are fundamental to defining the identity of a cell or an organism, thereby contributing to discriminating self from non-self. As such, glycans are a class of "Self-Associated Molecular Patterns" that can fine-tune host inflammatory processes. In fact, glycans can be sensed and recognized by a variety of glycan-binding proteins (GBP) expressed by immune cells, such as galectins, siglecs and C-type lectins, which recognize changes in the cellular glycosylation, instructing both pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory responses. In this review, we introduce glycans as cell-identification structures, discussing how glycans modulate host-pathogen interactions and how they can fine-tune inflammatory processes associated with infection, inflammation and autoimmunity. Finally, from the clinical standpoint, we discuss how glycoscience research can benefit life sciences and clinical medicine by providing a source of valuable biomarkers and therapeutic targets for immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Alves
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ângela Fernandes
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Santos-Pereira
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina M Azevedo
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Salomé S Pinho
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Portugal
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43
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Shantal CJN, Juan CC, Lizbeth BUS, Carlos HGJ, Estela GPB. Candida glabrata is a successful pathogen: an artist manipulating the immune response. Microbiol Res 2022; 260:127038. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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44
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Ahmad HI, Jabbar A, Mushtaq N, Javed Z, Hayyat MU, Bashir J, Naseeb I, Abideen ZU, Ahmad N, Chen J. Immune Tolerance vs. Immune Resistance: The Interaction Between Host and Pathogens in Infectious Diseases. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:827407. [PMID: 35425833 PMCID: PMC9001959 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.827407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is most likely developed to reduce the harmful impact of infections on the host homeostasis. This defense approach is based on the coordinated activity of innate and adaptive immune system components, which detect and target infections for containment, killing, or expulsion by the body's defense mechanisms. These immunological processes are responsible for decreasing the pathogen burden of an infected host to maintain homeostasis that is considered to be infection resistance. Immune-driven resistance to infection is connected with a second, and probably more important, defensive mechanism: it helps to minimize the amount of dysfunction imposed on host parenchymal tissues during infection without having a direct adverse effect on pathogens. Disease tolerance is a defensive approach that relies on tissue damage control systems to prevent infections from causing harm to the host. It also uncouples immune-driven resistance mechanisms from immunopathology and disease, allowing the body to fight infection more effectively. This review discussed the cellular and molecular processes that build disease tolerance to infection and the implications of innate immunity on those systems. In addition, we discuss how symbiotic relationships with microbes and their control by particular components of innate and adaptive immunity alter disease tolerance to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad
| | - Abdul Jabbar
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Mushtaq
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zainab Javed
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umar Hayyat
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Javaria Bashir
- Department of Medical Sciences, Sharif Medical and Dental Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Naseeb
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zain Ul Abideen
- Department of Zoology, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Nisar Ahmad
- Department of Livestock Management, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pattoki, Pakistan
| | - Jinping Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Jinping Chen
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45
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Zlotnikov ID, Kudryashova EV. Mannose Receptors of Alveolar Macrophages as a Target for the Addressed Delivery of Medicines to the Lungs. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162022010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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46
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Mycobacterial Adhesion: From Hydrophobic to Receptor-Ligand Interactions. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020454. [PMID: 35208908 PMCID: PMC8875947 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion is crucial for the infective lifestyles of bacterial pathogens. Adhesion to non-living surfaces, other microbial cells, and components of the biofilm extracellular matrix are crucial for biofilm formation and integrity, plus adherence to host factors constitutes a first step leading to an infection. Adhesion is, therefore, at the core of pathogens’ ability to contaminate, transmit, establish residency within a host, and cause an infection. Several mycobacterial species cause diseases in humans and animals with diverse clinical manifestations. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which enters through the respiratory tract, first adheres to alveolar macrophages and epithelial cells leading up to transmigration across the alveolar epithelium and containment within granulomas. Later, when dissemination occurs, the bacilli need to adhere to extracellular matrix components to infect extrapulmonary sites. Mycobacteria causing zoonotic infections and emerging nontuberculous mycobacterial pathogens follow divergent routes of infection that probably require adapted adhesion mechanisms. New evidence also points to the occurrence of mycobacterial biofilms during infection, emphasizing a need to better understand the adhesive factors required for their formation. Herein, we review the literature on tuberculous and nontuberculous mycobacterial adhesion to living and non-living surfaces, to themselves, to host cells, and to components of the extracellular matrix.
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Nakayama H, Oshima E, Hotta T, Hanafusa K, Nakamura K, Yokoyama N, Ogawa H, Takamori K, Iwabuchi K. Identification of anti-lipoarabinomannan antibodies against mannan core and their effects on phagocytosis of mycobacteria by human neutrophils. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2022; 132:102165. [PMID: 35045376 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2022.102165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and M. avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) enter host phagocytes, such as neutrophils through lipoarabinomannan (LAM) binding to pattern-recognition receptors, inducing innate immune responses including phagocytosis. Phagocytosis of mycobacteria by human neutrophils depends on the binding of α(1 → 2)-monomannose branching α(1 → 6)-mannan core of LAM/lipomannan (LM), a common component among mycobacterial species, to lactosylceramide (LacCer)-enriched lipid microdomains. We investigated the binding specificities of several anti-LAM antibodies (Abs) to LAMs/LM and found anti-LAM monoclonal IgMs TMDU3 and LA066 were directed against mannan core. Each IgM showed different binding specificity to mannan core. Confocal and stimulated emission depletion microscopy revealed TMDU3 and LA066 strongly bind to MTB and MAC, respectively. Flow cytometric analysis revealed human neutrophils do not express Dectin-2, DC-SIGN or mannose receptor. Furthermore, neutrophil phagocytosis of mycobacteria was markedly inhibited by TMDU3 and LA066, respectively. Similarly, treatment of each mAb with neutrophils reduced the numbers of intracellular MAC. Together, our results suggest that the interaction of LacCer-enriched lipid microdomains with mannan core and its blocking are therapeutic or diagnostic targets for both TB and non-tuberculous mycobacteria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Nakayama
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Faculty of Health Care and Nursing, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan; Institute for Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan; Infection Control Nursing, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Eriko Oshima
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomomi Hotta
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kei Hanafusa
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kota Nakamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Yokoyama
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideoki Ogawa
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenji Takamori
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Iwabuchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Faculty of Health Care and Nursing, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan; Institute for Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan; Infection Control Nursing, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan.
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48
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Evaluation of blood cell viability rate, gene expression, and O-GlcNAcylation profiles as indicative signatures for fungal stimulation of salmonid cell models. Mol Immunol 2021; 142:120-129. [PMID: 34979452 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fungal diseases of fish are a significant economic problem in aquaculture. Using high-throughput expression analysis, we identified potential transcript markers in primary head kidney and secondary embryonic cells from salmonid fish after stimulation with the inactivated fungi Mucor hiemalis and Fusarium aveneacium and with purified fungal molecular patterns. The transcript levels of most of the 45 selected genes were altered in head-kidney cells after 24 h of stimulation with fungal antigens. Stimulation with the inactivated fungus M. hiemalis induced the most pronounced transcriptional changes, including the pathogen receptor-encoding genes CLEC18A and TLR22, the cytokine-encoding genes IL6 and TNF, and the gene encoding the antimicrobial peptide LEAP2. In parallel, we analyzed the total GlcNAcylation status of embryonic salmonid cells with or without stimulation with inactivated fungi. O-GlcNAcylation modulates gene expression, intracellular protein, and signal activity, but we detected no significant differences after a 3-h stimulation. A pathway analysis tool identified the "apoptosis of leukocytes" based on the expression profile 24 h after fungal stimulation. Fluorescence microscopy combined with flow cytometry revealed apoptosis in 50 % of head-kidney leukocytes after 3 h stimulation with M. hiemalis, but this level decreased by > 5% after 24 h of stimulation. The number of apoptotic cells significantly increased in all blood cells after a 3-h stimulation with fungal molecular patterns compared to unstimulated controls. This in vitro approach identified transcript-based parameters that were strongly modulated by fungal infections of salmonid fish.
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Lu X, Oh-Hora M, Takeda K, Yamasaki S. Selective suppression of IL-10 transcription by calcineurin in dendritic cells through inactivation of CREB. Int Immunol 2021; 34:197-206. [PMID: 34953165 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cells play a pivotal role in immune responses against bacterial and fungal infection. Among innate immune receptors, C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) can induce a wide spectrum of cytokines through immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs)-mediated signaling pathways. Dendritic cells (DCs) produce IL-10 through CLR stimulation; however, the regulatory mechanism of IL-10 expression has not been elucidated. In the current study, we report that calcium (Ca 2+) signaling-deficient DCs produced more IL-10 than wild type DCs. Mechanistically, Ca 2+-dependent phosphatase calcineurin directly inactivates cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), a transcription factor of Il10 in DCs, through dephosphorylating CREB at serine 133. In calcineurin-deficient DCs, CREB was highly phosphorylated and increased its binding to Il10 promoter. Elimination of MAPK signaling that phosphorylates CREB, deficiency of CREB, as well as deletion of CREB-binding site in Il10 promoter could diminish IL-10 production in DCs. Our findings identified a novel substrate of calcineurin as well as a mechanism through which Ca 2+ signaling regulates IL-10 expression downstream of CLRs. As IL-10 is a crucial immunosuppressive cytokine, this mechanism may counteract the over-activated IL-10 producing signals induced by CARD9 and MAPK pathways, preventing the ineffectiveness of immune system during bacterial and fungal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyuan Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Oh-Hora
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takeda
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Department of Mucosal Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University (CiDER), Suita, Japan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University (CiDER), Suita, Japan.,Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Division of Molecular Design, Research Center for Systems Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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50
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Kadomoto S, Izumi K, Mizokami A. Macrophage Polarity and Disease Control. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:144. [PMID: 35008577 PMCID: PMC8745226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are present in most human tissues and have very diverse functions. Activated macrophages are usually divided into two phenotypes, M1 macrophages and M2 macrophages, which are altered by various factors such as microorganisms, tissue microenvironment, and cytokine signals. Macrophage polarity is very important for infections, inflammatory diseases, and malignancies; its management can be key in the prevention and treatment of diseases. In this review, we assess the current state of knowledge on macrophage polarity and report on its prospects as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kouji Izumi
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan; (S.K.); (A.M.)
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