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Wang W, Jia H, Hua X, Song J. New insights gained from cellular landscape changes in myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy. Heart Fail Rev 2024:10.1007/s10741-024-10406-w. [PMID: 38896377 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-024-10406-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Advances in the etiological classification of myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy (ICM) have reached a consensus. However, the mechanism of myocarditis/ICM remains unclear, which affects the development of treatment and the improvement of outcome. Cellular transcription and metabolic reprogramming, and the interactions between cardiomyocytes and non-cardiomyocytes, such as the immune cells, contribute to the process of myocarditis/ICM. Recent efforts have been made by multi-omics techniques, particularly in single-cell RNA sequencing, to gain a better understanding of the cellular landscape alteration occurring in disease during the progression. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest studies in myocarditis/ICM, particularly as revealed by single-cell sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiteng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 10037, China
| | - Hao Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 10037, China
| | - Xiumeng Hua
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 10037, China
| | - Jiangping Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 10037, China.
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2
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Alcaide P, Kallikourdis M, Emig R, Prabhu SD. Myocardial Inflammation in Heart Failure With Reduced and Preserved Ejection Fraction. Circ Res 2024; 134:1752-1766. [PMID: 38843295 PMCID: PMC11160997 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.323659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is characterized by a progressive decline in cardiac function and represents one of the largest health burdens worldwide. Clinically, 2 major types of HF are distinguished based on the left ventricular ejection fraction (EF): HF with reduced EF and HF with preserved EF. While both types share several risk factors and features of adverse cardiac remodeling, unique hallmarks beyond ejection fraction that distinguish these etiologies also exist. These differences may explain the fact that approved therapies for HF with reduced EF are largely ineffective in patients suffering from HF with preserved EF. Improving our understanding of the distinct cellular and molecular mechanisms is crucial for the development of better treatment strategies. This article reviews the knowledge of the immunologic mechanisms underlying HF with reduced and preserved EF and discusses how the different immune profiles elicited may identify attractive therapeutic targets for these conditions. We review the literature on the reported mechanisms of adverse cardiac remodeling in HF with reduced and preserved EF, as well as the immune mechanisms involved. We discuss how the knowledge gained from preclinical models of the complex syndrome of HF as well as from clinical data obtained from patients may translate to a better understanding of HF and result in specific treatments for these conditions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Alcaide
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston MA
| | - Marinos Kallikourdis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (Milan), Italy and Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (Milan), Italy
| | - Ramona Emig
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston MA
| | - Sumanth D. Prabhu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
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3
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Fei Y, Huang X, Ning F, Qian T, Cui J, Wang X, Huang X. NETs induce ferroptosis of endothelial cells in LPS-ALI through SDC-1/HS and downstream pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116621. [PMID: 38677244 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play an important role in acute lung injury (ALI), but their mechanisms are still unclear. The aim of this study is to explore the effects of NETs on endothelial glycocalyx/HGF/cMET pathway and ferroptosis in ALI and elucidate their potential mechanisms. METHODS Plasma was collected from healthy and sepsis patients to test for differences in neutrophil elastase (NE) expression of NETs components. In addition, LPS-ALI mice and endothelial cell injury models were established, and NETs were disrupted by siPAD4 (a driver gene for NETs) and sivelestat (an inhibitor of the NETs component) in the mice and by sivelestat in the endothelial cell injury models, and the effects of NETs on the SDC-1/HS/HGF/cMET pathway were studied. To verify the relationship between NETs and ferroptosis, Fer1, a ferroptosis inhibitor, was added as a positive control to observe the effect of NETs on ferroptosis indicators. RESULTS The expression level of NE was significantly higher in the plasma of sepsis patients. In ALI mice, intervention in the generation of NETs reduced pulmonary vascular permeability, protected the integrity of SDC-1/HS and promoted the downstream HGF/cMET pathway. In addition, sivelestat also improved the survival rate of mice, decreased the serious degree of ferroptosis. In the endothelial cells, the results were consistent with those of the ALI mice. CONCLUSION The study indicates that inhibiting the production of NETs can protect the normal conduction of the SDC-1/HS/HGF/cMET signalling pathway and reduce the severity of ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Fei
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Fangyu Ning
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | | | - Jinfeng Cui
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaozhi Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China.
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4
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Ramani H, Gosselin A, Bunet R, Jenabian MA, Sylla M, Pagliuzza A, Chartrand-Lefebvre C, Routy JP, Goulet JP, Thomas R, Trottier B, Martel-Laferrière V, Fortin C, Chomont N, Fromentin R, Landay AL, Durand M, Ancuta P, El-Far M, Tremblay C. IL-32 Drives the Differentiation of Cardiotropic CD4+ T Cells Carrying HIV DNA in People With HIV. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:1277-1289. [PMID: 38113908 PMCID: PMC11095560 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 32 (IL-32) is a potent multi-isoform proinflammatory cytokine, which is upregulated in people with HIV (PWH) and is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, the impact of IL-32 isoforms on CD4 T-cell cardiotropism, a mechanism potentially contributing to heart inflammation, remains unknown. Here we show that IL-32 isoforms β and γ induce the generation of CCR4+CXCR3+ double positive (DP) memory CD4 T-cell subpopulation expressing the tyrosine kinase receptor c-Met, a phenotype associated with heart-homing of T cells. Our ex vivo studies on PWH show that the frequency of DP CD4 T cells is significantly higher in individuals with, compared to individuals without, subclinical atherosclerosis and that DP cells from antiretroviral-naive and treated individuals are highly enriched with HIV DNA. Together, these data demonstrate that IL-32 isoforms have the potential to induce heart-homing of HIV-infected CD4 T cells, which may further aggravate heart inflammation and CVD in PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardik Ramani
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Annie Gosselin
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Rémi Bunet
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mohammad-Ali Jenabian
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mohamed Sylla
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Amélie Pagliuzza
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Carl Chartrand-Lefebvre
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Radiologie, Radio-oncologie et Médecine Nucléaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Réjean Thomas
- Clinique Médicale l’Actuel, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Benoit Trottier
- Clinique de Médecine Urbaine du Quartier Latin, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Valérie Martel-Laferrière
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Claude Fortin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Chomont
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Rémi Fromentin
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alan L Landay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Madeleine Durand
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Petronela Ancuta
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mohamed El-Far
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Cecile Tremblay
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
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5
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Liu K, Han B. Role of immune cells in the pathogenesis of myocarditis. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:253-275. [PMID: 37949833 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocarditis is an inflammatory heart disease that mostly affects young people. Myocarditis involves a complex immune network; however, its detailed pathogenesis is currently unclear. The diversity and plasticity of immune cells, either in the peripheral blood or in the heart, have been partially revealed in a number of previous studies involving patients and several kinds of animal models with myocarditis. It is the complexity of immune cells, rather than one cell type that is the culprit. Thus, recognizing the individual intricacies within immune cells in the context of myocarditis pathogenesis and finding the key intersection of the immune network may help in the diagnosis and treatment of this condition. With the vast amount of cell data gained on myocarditis and the recent application of single-cell sequencing, we summarize the multiple functions of currently recognized key immune cells in the pathogenesis of myocarditis to provide an immune background for subsequent investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Liu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Cheeloo Colledge of Medicine, No. 324 Jingwu Road, 250021, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Cheeloo Colledge of Medicine, No. 324 Jingwu Road, 250021, Jinan, China
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324 Jingwu Road, 250021, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Children' s Health and Disease office, No. 324 Jingwu Road, 250021, Jinan, China
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6
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Wiche Salinas TR, Zhang Y, Gosselin A, Rosario NF, El-Far M, Filali-Mouhim A, Routy JP, Chartrand-Lefebvre C, Landay AL, Durand M, Tremblay CL, Ancuta P. Alterations in Th17 Cells and Non-Classical Monocytes as a Signature of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis during ART-Treated HIV-1 Infection. Cells 2024; 13:157. [PMID: 38247848 PMCID: PMC10813976 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains an important comorbidity in people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Our previous studies performed in the Canadian HIV/Aging Cohort Study (CHACS) (>40 years-old; Framingham Risk Score (FRS) > 5%) revealed a 2-3-fold increase in non-calcified coronary artery atherosclerosis (CAA) plaque burden, measured by computed tomography angiography scan (CTAScan) as the total (TPV) and low attenuated plaque volume (LAPV), in ART-treated PLWH (HIV+) versus uninfected controls (HIV-). In an effort to identify novel correlates of subclinical CAA, markers of intestinal damage (sCD14, LBP, FABP2); cell trafficking/inflammation (CCL20, CX3CL1, MIF, CCL25); subsets of Th17-polarized and regulatory (Tregs) CD4+ T-cells, classical/intermediate/non-classical monocytes, and myeloid/plasmacytoid dendritic cells were studied in relationship with HIV and TPV/LAPV status. The TPV detection/values coincided with higher plasma sCD14, FABP2, CCL20, MIF, CX3CL1, and triglyceride levels; lower Th17/Treg ratios; and classical monocyte expansion. Among HIV+, TPV+ versus TPV- exhibited lower Th17 frequencies, reduced Th17/Treg ratios, higher frequencies of non-classical CCR9lowHLADRhigh monocytes, and increased plasma fibrinogen levels. Finally, Th17/Treg ratios and non-classical CCR9lowHLADRhigh monocyte frequencies remained associated with TPV/LAPV after adjusting for FRS and HIV/ART duration in a logistic regression model. These findings point to Th17 paucity and non-classical monocyte abundance as novel immunological correlates of subclinical CAA that may fuel the CVD risk in ART-treated PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Raul Wiche Salinas
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal (UdeM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (T.R.W.S.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.T.)
- CRCHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A2, Canada; (A.G.); (N.F.R.); (M.E.-F.); (A.F.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (M.D.)
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal (UdeM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (T.R.W.S.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.T.)
- CRCHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A2, Canada; (A.G.); (N.F.R.); (M.E.-F.); (A.F.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (M.D.)
| | - Annie Gosselin
- CRCHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A2, Canada; (A.G.); (N.F.R.); (M.E.-F.); (A.F.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (M.D.)
| | - Natalia Fonseca Rosario
- CRCHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A2, Canada; (A.G.); (N.F.R.); (M.E.-F.); (A.F.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (M.D.)
| | - Mohamed El-Far
- CRCHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A2, Canada; (A.G.); (N.F.R.); (M.E.-F.); (A.F.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (M.D.)
| | - Ali Filali-Mouhim
- CRCHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A2, Canada; (A.G.); (N.F.R.); (M.E.-F.); (A.F.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (M.D.)
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Chronic Viral Illness Service and Division of Hematology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
| | - Carl Chartrand-Lefebvre
- CRCHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A2, Canada; (A.G.); (N.F.R.); (M.E.-F.); (A.F.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (M.D.)
- Département de Radiologie, Radio-Oncologie et Médecine Nucléaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal (UdeM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | | | - Madeleine Durand
- CRCHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A2, Canada; (A.G.); (N.F.R.); (M.E.-F.); (A.F.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (M.D.)
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal (UdeM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Cécile L. Tremblay
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal (UdeM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (T.R.W.S.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.T.)
- CRCHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A2, Canada; (A.G.); (N.F.R.); (M.E.-F.); (A.F.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (M.D.)
| | - Petronela Ancuta
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal (UdeM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (T.R.W.S.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.T.)
- CRCHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A2, Canada; (A.G.); (N.F.R.); (M.E.-F.); (A.F.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (M.D.)
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7
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Shakiba S, Haddadi NS, Afshari K, Lubov JE, Raef HS, Li R, Yildiz-Altay Ü, Daga M, Refat MA, Kim E, de Laflin JG, Akabane A, Sherman S, MacDonald E, Strassner JP, Zhang L, Leon M, Baer CE, Dresser K, Liang Y, Whitley JB, Skopelja-Gardner S, Harris JE, Deng A, Vesely MD, Rashighi M, Richmond J. Spatial characterization of interface dermatitis in cutaneous lupus reveals novel chemokine ligand-receptor pairs that drive disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.05.574422. [PMID: 38260617 PMCID: PMC10802382 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.05.574422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Chemokines play critical roles in the recruitment and activation of immune cells in both homeostatic and pathologic conditions. Here, we examined chemokine ligand-receptor pairs to better understand the immunopathogenesis of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE), a complex autoimmune connective tissue disorder. We used suction blister biopsies to measure cellular infiltrates with spectral flow cytometry in the interface dermatitis reaction, as well as 184 protein analytes in interstitial skin fluid using Olink targeted proteomics. Flow and Olink data concordantly demonstrated significant increases in T cells and antigen presenting cells (APCs). We also performed spatial transcriptomics and spatial proteomics of punch biopsies using digital spatial profiling (DSP) technology on CLE skin and healthy margin controls to examine discreet locations within the tissue. Spatial and Olink data confirmed elevation of interferon (IFN) and IFN-inducible CXCR3 chemokine ligands. Comparing involved versus uninvolved keratinocytes in CLE samples revealed upregulation of essential inflammatory response genes in areas near interface dermatitis, including AIM2. Our Olink data confirmed upregulation of Caspase 8, IL-18 which is the final product of AIM2 activation, and induced chemokines including CCL8 and CXCL6 in CLE lesional samples. Chemotaxis assays using PBMCs from healthy and CLE donors revealed that T cells are equally poised to respond to CXCR3 ligands, whereas CD14+CD16+ APC populations are more sensitive to CXCL6 via CXCR1 and CD14+ are more sensitive to CCL8 via CCR2. Taken together, our data map a pathway from keratinocyte injury to lymphocyte recruitment in CLE via AIM2-Casp8-IL-18-CXCL6/CXCR1 and CCL8/CCR2, and IFNG/IFNL1-CXCL9/CXCL11-CXCR3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Shakiba
- UMass Chan Medical School, Dept of Dermatology, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Janet E. Lubov
- UMass Chan Medical School, Dept of Dermatology, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Haya S. Raef
- UMass Chan Medical School, Dept of Dermatology, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Robert Li
- UMass Chan Medical School, Dept of Dermatology, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Mridushi Daga
- UMass Chan Medical School, Dept of Dermatology, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Evangeline Kim
- UMass Chan Medical School, Dept of Dermatology, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Andressa Akabane
- UMass Chan Medical School, Dept of Dermatology, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Shany Sherman
- UMass Chan Medical School, Dept of Dermatology, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Christina E. Baer
- UMass Chan Medical School, Sanderson Center for Optical Experimentation, Dept of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Karen Dresser
- UMass Chan Medical School, Dept of Pathology, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Yan Liang
- NanoString Technologies, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James B Whitley
- Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Dept of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | | | - John E Harris
- UMass Chan Medical School, Dept of Dermatology, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - April Deng
- UMass Chan Medical School, Dept of Pathology, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Matthew D. Vesely
- Yale University School of Medicine, Dept of Dermatology, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mehdi Rashighi
- UMass Chan Medical School, Dept of Dermatology, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jillian Richmond
- UMass Chan Medical School, Dept of Dermatology, Worcester, MA, USA
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8
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Wiche Salinas TR, Zhang Y, Gosselin A, Do Rosario NF, El-Far M, Filali-Mouhim A, Routy JP, Chartrand-Lefebvre C, Landay AL, Durand M, Tremblay CL, Ancuta P. A Blood Immunological Signature of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in People Living with HIV-1 Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.15.571922. [PMID: 38187644 PMCID: PMC10769180 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.15.571922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains an important co-morbidity in people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Our previous studies performed on the Canadian HIV/Aging Cohort Study (CHACS) (>40 years-old; Framingham Risk Score (FRS) >5%), revealed a 2-3-fold increase in non-calcified coronary artery atherosclerosis (CAA) plaque burden, measured by Computed tomography angiography scan (CTAScan) as total (TPV) and low attenuated plaque volume (LAPV) in ART-treated PLWH (HIV+) versus uninfected controls (HIV-). In an effort to identify novel correlates of subclinical CAA, markers of intestinal damage (sCD14, LBP, FABP2); cell trafficking/inflammation (CCL20, CX3CL1, MIF, CCL25); subsets of Th17-polarized and regulatory (Tregs) CD4 + T-cells, classical/intermediate/non-classical monocytes, and myeloid/plasmacytoid dendritic cells, were studied in relationship with HIV and TPV/LAPV status. The TPV detection/values coincided with higher plasma sCD14, FABP2, CCL20, MIF, CX3CL1 and triglyceride levels, lower Th17/Treg ratios, and classical monocyte expansion. Among HIV + , TPV + versus TPV - exhibited lower Th17 frequencies, reduced Th17/Treg ratios, higher frequencies of non-classical CCR9 low HLADR high monocyte, and increased plasma fibrinogen levels. Finally, Th17/Treg ratios and non-classical CCR9 low HLADR high monocyte frequencies remained associated with TPV/LAPV after adjusting for FRS and HIV/ART duration in a logistic regression model. These findings point to Th17 paucity and non-classical monocyte abundance as novel immunological correlates of subclinical CAA that may fuel the CVD risk in ART-treated PLWH.
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Benkhoucha M, Tran NL, Senoner I, Breville G, Fritah H, Migliorini D, Dutoit V, Lalive PH. c-Met + Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Exhibit Enhanced Cytotoxicity in Mice and Humans In Vitro Tumor Models. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3123. [PMID: 38137344 PMCID: PMC10740932 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play a crucial role in anti-tumor immunity. In a previous study, we identified a subset of murine effector CTLs expressing the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor, c-Met (c-Met+ CTLs), that are endowed with enhanced cytolytic capacity. HGF directly inhibited the cytolytic function of c-Met+ CTLs, both in 2D in vitro assays and in vivo, leading to reduced T cell responses against metastatic melanoma. To further investigate the role of c-Met+ CTLs in a three-dimensional (3D) setting, we studied their function within B16 melanoma spheroids and examined the impact of cell-cell contact on the modulation of inhibitory checkpoint molecules' expression, such as KLRG1, PD-1, and CTLA-4. Additionally, we evaluated the cytolytic capacity of human CTL clones expressing c-Met (c-Met+) and compared it to c-Met- CTL clones. Our results indicated that, similar to their murine counterparts, c-Met+ human CTL clones exhibited increased cytolytic activity compared to c-Met- CTL clones, and this enhanced function was negatively regulated by the presence of HGF. Taken together, our findings highlight the potential of targeting the HGF/c-Met pathway to modulate CTL-mediated anti-tumor immunity. This research holds promise for developing strategies to enhance the effectiveness of CTL-based immunotherapies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdia Benkhoucha
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.B.); (N.L.T.); (I.S.); (H.F.)
| | - Ngoc Lan Tran
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.B.); (N.L.T.); (I.S.); (H.F.)
| | - Isis Senoner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.B.); (N.L.T.); (I.S.); (H.F.)
| | - Gautier Breville
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hajer Fritah
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.B.); (N.L.T.); (I.S.); (H.F.)
| | - Denis Migliorini
- Brain Tumor and Immune Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (D.M.); (V.D.)
- Department of Oncology, Unit of Neuro-Oncology, University Hospital of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valérie Dutoit
- Brain Tumor and Immune Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (D.M.); (V.D.)
| | - Patrice H. Lalive
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.B.); (N.L.T.); (I.S.); (H.F.)
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
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10
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Ford SL, Buus TB, Nastasi C, Geisler C, Bonefeld CM, Ødum N, Woetmann A. In vitro differentiated human CD4 + T cells produce hepatocyte growth factor. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1210836. [PMID: 37520551 PMCID: PMC10374024 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1210836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into effector T cells is a dynamic process in which the cells are polarized into T helper (Th) subsets. The subsets largely consist of four fundamental categories: Th1, Th2, Th17, and regulatory T cells. We show that human memory CD4+ T cells can produce hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a pleiotropic cytokine which can affect several tissue types through signaling by its receptor, c-Met. In vitro differentiation of T cells into Th-like subsets revealed that HGF producing T cells increase under Th1 conditions. Enrichment of HGF producing cells was possible by targeting cells with surface CD30 expression, a marker discovered through single-cell RNA-sequencing. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of PI3K or mTOR was found to inhibit HGF mRNA and protein, while an Akt inhibitor was found to increase these levels. The findings suggest that HGF producing T cells could play a role in disease where Th1 are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayne Lavondua Ford
- The LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Terkild Brink Buus
- The LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claudia Nastasi
- Immunopharmacology Unit, Department of Oncology, Mario Negri Pharmacological Research Institute (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS)), Milan, Italy
| | - Carsten Geisler
- The LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Menné Bonefeld
- The LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Ødum
- The LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Woetmann
- The LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Neves EGA, Koh CC, Lucinda PPD, Souza-Silva TG, Medeiros NI, Pantaleão A, Mutarelli A, Gomes JDAS, Silva SDA, Gollob KJ, Nunes MDCP, Dutra WO. Blocking activation of CD4 -CD8 - T cells modulates their cytotoxic potential and decreases the expression of inflammatory and chemotactic receptors. Clin Immunol 2023; 251:109331. [PMID: 37088297 PMCID: PMC10257888 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
CD4-CD8- (double negative - DN) T cells represent a small fraction of circulating T lymphocytes but are a major source of pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with infectious diseases, including chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC), one of the deadliest cardiopathies known. Chagas disease is caused by an infection with the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and can lead to either an asymptomatic form or a high-mortality cardiac disease. While circulating DN T cells represent a major inflammatory cytokine-expressing cell population in Chagas disease, their potential to be recruited to the heart and to perform cytotoxicity has not been determined. Our previous studies showed that blocking DN T cell activation decreases the expression of IFN-gamma, a cytokine involved in the severity of CCC. Here, studying a well-characterized cohort of Chagas patients with CCC or the asymptomatic form of Chagas disease (indeterminate form, IND), we evaluated the expression of cytotoxic molecules, cytokine and chemokine receptors in γδ+ and αβ+ DN T cells by multiparameter flow cytometry, and investigated whether blocking the activation of DN T cells influences the expression of these molecules. We observed that DN T cells from CCC display a higher expression of granzyme A, perforin, inflammatory molecules, and inflammatory chemokine receptors than cells from IND. Messenger RNA coding for these molecules is also upregulated in the heart of CCC patients. Importantly, blocking the activation of DN T cells from CCC modulates their cytotoxic potential and the expression of inflammatory and of chemokine receptors, suggesting that targeting DN T cell activation may be a valid strategy to reduce recruitment to the heart, inflammation, cytotoxicity and, thereby diminish CCC progression and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eula Graciele Amorim Neves
- Lab. Biologia das Interações Celulares, Depto. Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Carolina Cattoni Koh
- Lab. Biologia das Interações Celulares, Depto. Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Pedro Paulo Diniz Lucinda
- Lab. Biologia das Interações Celulares, Depto. Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Thaiany Goulart Souza-Silva
- Lab. Biologia das Interações Celulares, Depto. Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Nayara I Medeiros
- Lab. Biologia das Interações Celulares, Depto. Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Pantaleão
- Depto. Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190 - Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, MG 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Antônio Mutarelli
- Depto. Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190 - Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, MG 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Juliana de Assis Silva Gomes
- Lab. Biologia das Interações Celulares, Depto. Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Silvana de Araújo Silva
- Depto. Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190 - Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, MG 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Kenneth John Gollob
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627/701 - Morumbi, São Paulo, SP 05652-900, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais, INCT-DT, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Maria do Carmo Pereira Nunes
- Depto. Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190 - Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, MG 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Walderez Ornelas Dutra
- Lab. Biologia das Interações Celulares, Depto. Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais, INCT-DT, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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12
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Barmada A, Klein J, Ramaswamy A, Brodsky NN, Jaycox JR, Sheikha H, Jones KM, Habet V, Campbell M, Sumida TS, Kontorovich A, Bogunovic D, Oliveira CR, Steele J, Hall EK, Pena-Hernandez M, Monteiro V, Lucas C, Ring AM, Omer SB, Iwasaki A, Yildirim I, Lucas CL. Cytokinopathy with aberrant cytotoxic lymphocytes and profibrotic myeloid response in SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine-associated myocarditis. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadh3455. [PMID: 37146127 PMCID: PMC10468758 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adh3455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Rare immune-mediated cardiac tissue inflammation can occur after vaccination, including after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines. However, the underlying immune cellular and molecular mechanisms driving this pathology remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated a cohort of patients who developed myocarditis and/or pericarditis with elevated troponin, B-type natriuretic peptide, and C-reactive protein levels as well as cardiac imaging abnormalities shortly after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. Contrary to early hypotheses, patients did not demonstrate features of hypersensitivity myocarditis, nor did they have exaggerated SARS-CoV-2-specific or neutralizing antibody responses consistent with a hyperimmune humoral mechanism. We additionally found no evidence of cardiac-targeted autoantibodies. Instead, unbiased systematic immune serum profiling revealed elevations in circulating interleukins (IL-1β, IL-1RA, and IL-15), chemokines (CCL4, CXCL1, and CXCL10), and matrix metalloproteases (MMP1, MMP8, MMP9, and TIMP1). Subsequent deep immune profiling using single-cell RNA and repertoire sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells during acute disease revealed expansion of activated CXCR3+ cytotoxic T cells and NK cells, both phenotypically resembling cytokine-driven killer cells. In addition, patients displayed signatures of inflammatory and profibrotic CCR2+ CD163+ monocytes, coupled with elevated serum-soluble CD163, that may be linked to the late gadolinium enhancement on cardiac MRI, which can persist for months after vaccination. Together, our results demonstrate up-regulation in inflammatory cytokines and corresponding lymphocytes with tissue-damaging capabilities, suggesting a cytokine-dependent pathology, which may further be accompanied by myeloid cell-associated cardiac fibrosis. These findings likely rule out some previously proposed mechanisms of mRNA vaccine--associated myopericarditis and point to new ones with relevance to vaccine development and clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Barmada
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jon Klein
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anjali Ramaswamy
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nina N. Brodsky
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jillian R. Jaycox
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hassan Sheikha
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kate M. Jones
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Victoria Habet
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Melissa Campbell
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tomokazu S. Sumida
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Amy Kontorovich
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute; Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dusan Bogunovic
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute; Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity; Precision Immunology Institute; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute; Department of Pediatrics; Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carlos R. Oliveira
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jeremy Steele
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - E. Kevin Hall
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mario Pena-Hernandez
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Valter Monteiro
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carolina Lucas
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Infection and Immunity, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Aaron M. Ring
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Saad B. Omer
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Institute for Global Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Yale Center for Infection and Immunity, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Inci Yildirim
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Institute for Global Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Infection and Immunity, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carrie L. Lucas
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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13
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Chen J, Austin-Williams S, O'Riordan CE, Claria-Ribas P, Sugimoto MA, Norling LV, Thiemermann C, Perretti M. Formyl Peptide Receptor Type 2 Deficiency in Myeloid Cells Amplifies Sepsis-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction. J Innate Immun 2023; 15:548-561. [PMID: 37068475 PMCID: PMC10315071 DOI: 10.1159/000530284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Using a global formyl peptide receptor (Fpr) 2 knockout mouse colony, we have reported the modulatory properties of this pro-resolving receptor in polymicrobial sepsis. Herein, we have used a humanized FPR2 (hFPR2) mouse colony, bearing an intact or a selective receptor deficiency in myeloid cells to dwell on the cellular mechanisms. hFPR2 mice and myeloid cell-specific hFPR2 KO (KO) mice were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced polymicrobial sepsis. Compared with hFPR2 mice, CLP caused exacerbated cardiac dysfunction (assessed by echocardiography), worsened clinical outcome, and impaired bacterial clearance in KO mice. This pathological scenario was paralleled by increased recruitment of pro-inflammatory monocytes and reduced M2-like macrophages within the KO hearts. In peritoneal exudates of KO mice, we quantified increased neutrophil and MHC II+ macrophage numbers but decreased monocyte/macrophage and MHC II- macrophage recruitment. hFPR2 upregulation was absent in myeloid cells, and local production of lipoxin A4 was reduced in septic KO mice. Administration of the FPR2 agonist annexin A1 (AnxA1) improved cardiac function in hFPR2 septic mice but had limited beneficial effects in KO mice, in which the FPR2 ligand failed to polarize macrophages toward an MHC II- phenotype. In conclusion, FPR2 deficiency in myeloid cells exacerbates cardiac dysfunction and worsens clinical outcome in polymicrobial sepsis. The improvement of cardiac function and the host immune response by AnxA1 is more effective in hFPR2-competent septic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Chen
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
- Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Shani Austin-Williams
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | | | - Pol Claria-Ribas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Michelle A. Sugimoto
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Lucy V. Norling
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
- Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Christoph Thiemermann
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Mauro Perretti
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
- Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
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14
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COVID-19-Induced Myocarditis: Pathophysiological Roles of ACE2 and Toll-like Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065374. [PMID: 36982447 PMCID: PMC10049267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical manifestations of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) commonly include dyspnoea and fatigue, and they primarily involve the lungs. However, extra-pulmonary organ dysfunctions, particularly affecting the cardiovascular system, have also been observed following COVID-19 infection. In this context, several cardiac complications have been reported, including hypertension, thromboembolism, arrythmia and heart failure, with myocardial injury and myocarditis being the most frequent. These secondary myocardial inflammatory responses appear to be associated with a poorer disease course and increased mortality in patients with severe COVID-19. In addition, numerous episodes of myocarditis have been reported as a complication of COVID-19 mRNA vaccinations, especially in young adult males. Changes in the cell surface expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and direct injury to cardiomyocytes resulting from exaggerated immune responses to COVID-19 are just some of the mechanisms that may explain the pathogenesis of COVID-19-induced myocarditis. Here, we review the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying myocarditis associated with COVID-19 infection, with a particular focus on the involvement of ACE2 and Toll-like receptors (TLRs).
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15
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Fanti S, Stephenson E, Rocha-Vieira E, Protonotarios A, Kanoni S, Shahaj E, Longhi MP, Vyas VS, Dyer C, Pontarini E, Asimaki A, Bueno-Beti C, De Gaspari M, Rizzo S, Basso C, Bombardieri M, Coe D, Wang G, Harding D, Gallagher I, Solito E, Elliott P, Heymans S, Sikking M, Savvatis K, Mohiddin SA, Marelli-Berg FM. Circulating c-Met-Expressing Memory T Cells Define Cardiac Autoimmunity. Circulation 2022; 146:1930-1945. [PMID: 36417924 PMCID: PMC9770129 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.055610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmunity is increasingly recognized as a key contributing factor in heart muscle diseases. The functional features of cardiac autoimmunity in humans remain undefined because of the challenge of studying immune responses in situ. We previously described a subset of c-mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (c-Met)-expressing (c-Met+) memory T lymphocytes that preferentially migrate to cardiac tissue in mice and humans. METHODS In-depth phenotyping of peripheral blood T cells, including c-Met+ T cells, was undertaken in groups of patients with inflammatory and noninflammatory cardiomyopathies, patients with noncardiac autoimmunity, and healthy controls. Validation studies were carried out using human cardiac tissue and in an experimental model of cardiac inflammation. RESULTS We show that c-Met+ T cells are selectively increased in the circulation and in the myocardium of patients with inflammatory cardiomyopathies. The phenotype and function of c-Met+ T cells are distinct from those of c-Met-negative (c-Met-) T cells, including preferential proliferation to cardiac myosin and coproduction of multiple cytokines (interleukin-4, interleukin-17, and interleukin-22). Furthermore, circulating c-Met+ T cell subpopulations in different heart muscle diseases identify distinct and overlapping mechanisms of heart inflammation. In experimental autoimmune myocarditis, elevations in autoantigen-specific c-Met+ T cells in peripheral blood mark the loss of immune tolerance to the heart. Disease development can be halted by pharmacologic c-Met inhibition, indicating a causative role for c-Met+ T cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that the detection of circulating c-Met+ T cells may have use in the diagnosis and monitoring of adaptive cardiac inflammation and definition of new targets for therapeutic intervention when cardiac autoimmunity causes or contributes to progressive cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Fanti
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (S.F., E. Stephenson, E.R.-V., S.K., E. Shahaj, M.P.L., V.S.V., C.D., E.P., M.B., D.C., G.W., D.H., E. Solito, K.S., S.A.M., F.M.M.-B.), Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Edward Stephenson
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (S.F., E. Stephenson, E.R.-V., S.K., E. Shahaj, M.P.L., V.S.V., C.D., E.P., M.B., D.C., G.W., D.H., E. Solito, K.S., S.A.M., F.M.M.-B.), Queen Mary University of London, UK
- Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, West Smithfield, London (E. Stephenson, A.P., V.S.V., D.H., P.E., K.S., S.A.M.)
| | - Etel Rocha-Vieira
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (S.F., E. Stephenson, E.R.-V., S.K., E. Shahaj, M.P.L., V.S.V., C.D., E.P., M.B., D.C., G.W., D.H., E. Solito, K.S., S.A.M., F.M.M.-B.), Queen Mary University of London, UK
- Federal University of Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil (E.R.-V.)
| | - Alexandros Protonotarios
- Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, West Smithfield, London (E. Stephenson, A.P., V.S.V., D.H., P.E., K.S., S.A.M.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK (A.P., P.E.)
| | - Stavroula Kanoni
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (S.F., E. Stephenson, E.R.-V., S.K., E. Shahaj, M.P.L., V.S.V., C.D., E.P., M.B., D.C., G.W., D.H., E. Solito, K.S., S.A.M., F.M.M.-B.), Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Eriomina Shahaj
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (S.F., E. Stephenson, E.R.-V., S.K., E. Shahaj, M.P.L., V.S.V., C.D., E.P., M.B., D.C., G.W., D.H., E. Solito, K.S., S.A.M., F.M.M.-B.), Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - M. Paula Longhi
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (S.F., E. Stephenson, E.R.-V., S.K., E. Shahaj, M.P.L., V.S.V., C.D., E.P., M.B., D.C., G.W., D.H., E. Solito, K.S., S.A.M., F.M.M.-B.), Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Vishal S. Vyas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (S.F., E. Stephenson, E.R.-V., S.K., E. Shahaj, M.P.L., V.S.V., C.D., E.P., M.B., D.C., G.W., D.H., E. Solito, K.S., S.A.M., F.M.M.-B.), Queen Mary University of London, UK
- Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, West Smithfield, London (E. Stephenson, A.P., V.S.V., D.H., P.E., K.S., S.A.M.)
| | - Carlene Dyer
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (S.F., E. Stephenson, E.R.-V., S.K., E. Shahaj, M.P.L., V.S.V., C.D., E.P., M.B., D.C., G.W., D.H., E. Solito, K.S., S.A.M., F.M.M.-B.), Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Elena Pontarini
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (S.F., E. Stephenson, E.R.-V., S.K., E. Shahaj, M.P.L., V.S.V., C.D., E.P., M.B., D.C., G.W., D.H., E. Solito, K.S., S.A.M., F.M.M.-B.), Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Angeliki Asimaki
- Molecular and Clinical Science Institute, St George’s, University of London, UK (A.A., C.B.-B.)
| | - Carlos Bueno-Beti
- Molecular and Clinical Science Institute, St George’s, University of London, UK (A.A., C.B.-B.)
| | - Monica De Gaspari
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua Medical School, Italy (M.D.G., S.R., C.B.)
| | - Stefania Rizzo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua Medical School, Italy (M.D.G., S.R., C.B.)
| | - Cristina Basso
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua Medical School, Italy (M.D.G., S.R., C.B.)
| | - Michele Bombardieri
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (S.F., E. Stephenson, E.R.-V., S.K., E. Shahaj, M.P.L., V.S.V., C.D., E.P., M.B., D.C., G.W., D.H., E. Solito, K.S., S.A.M., F.M.M.-B.), Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - David Coe
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (S.F., E. Stephenson, E.R.-V., S.K., E. Shahaj, M.P.L., V.S.V., C.D., E.P., M.B., D.C., G.W., D.H., E. Solito, K.S., S.A.M., F.M.M.-B.), Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Guosu Wang
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (S.F., E. Stephenson, E.R.-V., S.K., E. Shahaj, M.P.L., V.S.V., C.D., E.P., M.B., D.C., G.W., D.H., E. Solito, K.S., S.A.M., F.M.M.-B.), Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Daniel Harding
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (S.F., E. Stephenson, E.R.-V., S.K., E. Shahaj, M.P.L., V.S.V., C.D., E.P., M.B., D.C., G.W., D.H., E. Solito, K.S., S.A.M., F.M.M.-B.), Queen Mary University of London, UK
- Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, West Smithfield, London (E. Stephenson, A.P., V.S.V., D.H., P.E., K.S., S.A.M.)
| | - Iain Gallagher
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Sport, University of Stirling, UK (I.G.)
| | - Egle Solito
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (S.F., E. Stephenson, E.R.-V., S.K., E. Shahaj, M.P.L., V.S.V., C.D., E.P., M.B., D.C., G.W., D.H., E. Solito, K.S., S.A.M., F.M.M.-B.), Queen Mary University of London, UK
- Department of Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Naples “Federico II,” Italy (E. Solito)
| | - Perry Elliott
- Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, West Smithfield, London (E. Stephenson, A.P., V.S.V., D.H., P.E., K.S., S.A.M.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK (A.P., P.E.)
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Maastricht University Medical Centre, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, the Netherlands (S.H., M.S.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Vascular and Molecular Biology, KU Leuven, Belgium (S.H.)
| | - Maurits Sikking
- Maastricht University Medical Centre, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, the Netherlands (S.H., M.S.)
| | - Konstantinos Savvatis
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (S.F., E. Stephenson, E.R.-V., S.K., E. Shahaj, M.P.L., V.S.V., C.D., E.P., M.B., D.C., G.W., D.H., E. Solito, K.S., S.A.M., F.M.M.-B.), Queen Mary University of London, UK
- Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, West Smithfield, London (E. Stephenson, A.P., V.S.V., D.H., P.E., K.S., S.A.M.)
| | - Saidi A. Mohiddin
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (S.F., E. Stephenson, E.R.-V., S.K., E. Shahaj, M.P.L., V.S.V., C.D., E.P., M.B., D.C., G.W., D.H., E. Solito, K.S., S.A.M., F.M.M.-B.), Queen Mary University of London, UK
- Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, West Smithfield, London (E. Stephenson, A.P., V.S.V., D.H., P.E., K.S., S.A.M.)
| | - Federica M. Marelli-Berg
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (S.F., E. Stephenson, E.R.-V., S.K., E. Shahaj, M.P.L., V.S.V., C.D., E.P., M.B., D.C., G.W., D.H., E. Solito, K.S., S.A.M., F.M.M.-B.), Queen Mary University of London, UK
- Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation (F.M.M.-B.), Queen Mary University of London, UK
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16
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Abplanalp WT, Merten M, Dimmeler S. Straight to the Heart: T Cells That Specifically Target Cardiac Tissue. Circulation 2022; 146:1946-1949. [PMID: 36534731 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.061324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wesley T Abplanalp
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine (W.T.A., M.M., S.D.).,Cardiopulmonary Institute (W.T.A., M.M., S.D.).,Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany (W.T.A., M.M., S.D.).,German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Partner site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Berlin, Germany (W.T.A., M.M., S.D.)
| | - Maximilian Merten
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine (W.T.A., M.M., S.D.).,Cardiopulmonary Institute (W.T.A., M.M., S.D.).,Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany (W.T.A., M.M., S.D.).,German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Partner site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Berlin, Germany (W.T.A., M.M., S.D.)
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine (W.T.A., M.M., S.D.).,Cardiopulmonary Institute (W.T.A., M.M., S.D.).,Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany (W.T.A., M.M., S.D.).,German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Partner site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Berlin, Germany (W.T.A., M.M., S.D.)
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17
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Kallikourdis M, Condorelli G. An Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Heart: How CD45RA + Effector Memory CD8 + T Cells (Temra) Are Implicated in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Myocarditis. Circulation 2022; 146:336-338. [PMID: 35877835 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.060788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marinos Kallikourdis
- Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy (M.K., G.C.).,Adaptive Immunity Laboratory (M.K.), Humanitas Research Hospital IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Condorelli
- Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy (M.K., G.C.).,Cardio Center (G.C.), Humanitas Research Hospital IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
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18
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The why and how of adaptive immune responses in ischemic cardiovascular disease. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2022; 1:431-444. [PMID: 36382200 PMCID: PMC7613798 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00049-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a major cause of disability and death worldwide. Most therapeutic approaches target traditional risk factors but ignore the fundamental role of the immune system. This is a huge unmet need. Recent evidence indicates that reducing inflammation may limit cardiovascular events. However, the concomitant increase in the risk of lifethreatening infections is a major drawback. In this context, targeting adaptive immunity could constitute a highly effective and safer approach. In this Review, we address the why and how of the immuno-cardiovascular unit, in health and in atherosclerotic disease. We review and discuss fundamental mechanisms that ensure immune tolerance to cardiovascular tissue, and examine how their disruption promotes disease progression. We identify promising strategies to manipulate the adaptive immune system for patient benefit, including novel biologics and RNA-based vaccination strategies. Finally, we advocate for establishing a molecular classification of atherosclerosis as an important milestone in our quest to radically change the understanding and treatment of atherosclerotic disease.
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19
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Benkhoucha M, Tran NL, Breville G, Senoner I, Bradfield PF, Papayannopoulou T, Merkler D, Korn T, Lalive PH. CD4 +c-Met +Itgα4 + T cell subset promotes murine neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:103. [PMID: 35488271 PMCID: PMC9052663 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02461-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective c-Met, a tyrosine kinase receptor, is the unique receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). The HGF/c-Met axis is reported to modulate cell migration, maturation, cytokine production, and antigen presentation. Here, we report that CD4+c-Met+ T cells are detected at increased levels in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods c-Met expression by CD4+ T cells was analyzed mostly by flow cytometry and by immunohistochemistry from mice and human PBMCs. The in vivo role of CD4+c-Met+ T cells was assessed in EAE. Results CD4+c-Met+ T cells found in the CNS during EAE peak disease are characterized by a pro-inflammatory phenotype skewed towards a Th1 and Th17 polarization, with enhanced adhesion and transmigration capacities correlating with increased expression of integrin α4 (Itgα4). The adoptive transfer of Itgα4-expressing CD4+Vα3.2+c-Met+ T cells induces increased disease severity compared to CD4+Vα3.2+c-Met− T cells. Finally, CD4+c-Met+ T cells are detected in the brain of MS patients, as well as in the blood with a higher level of Itgα4. These results highlight c-Met as an immune marker of highly pathogenic pro-inflammatory and pro-migratory CD4+ T lymphocytes associated with neuroinflammation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02461-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdia Benkhoucha
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ngoc Lan Tran
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gautier Breville
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isis Senoner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul F Bradfield
- MesenFlow Technologies SARL, Chemin des Aulx 14, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thalia Papayannopoulou
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Doron Merkler
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Korn
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, SyNergy, Munich, Germany
| | - Patrice H Lalive
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Department of Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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20
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Cushion S, Arboleda V, Hasanain Y, Demory Beckler M, Hardigan P, Kesselman MM. Comorbidities and Symptomatology of SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2)-Related Myocarditis and SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine-Related Myocarditis: A Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e24084. [PMID: 35573496 PMCID: PMC9099161 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the heart muscle, with manifestations that include myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, and even sudden death. The primary etiology of myocarditis is a viral infection, with studies demonstrating that infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can lead to myocarditis. This enzyme is involved in many body tissues, including the gastrointestinal system and the cardiac system. This enzyme is responsible for converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II in the renin-angiotensin system of our body. This review aims to characterize the symptomatology and comorbidities of males, females, and pediatric patients who developed the SARS-CoV-2-related myocarditis (SARS-CoV-2RM) or the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-related myocarditis (SARS-CoV-2VRM). From July 10 to July 20, 2021, a PubMed database search for “SARS CoV-2 Related Myocarditis” was conducted. From July 21 to July 30, 2021, the search for “SARS CoV-2 Vaccine Related Myocarditis” was conducted. The search completed was specific for title/abstract fields using keywords “Covid-19” AND “Myocarditis” AND “Vaccine” and specifying “Males” or “Females”, respectively. Inclusion criteria included articles discussing comorbidities and symptomatology. Exclusion criteria included autopsy/postmortem reports, letters to the editor, retrospective studies, and observational studies. In the end, 49 articles were found and included in this review. We found that 27 of 40 pediatric patients with SARS-CoV-2RM presented with gastrointestinal symptoms, and 12 of 40 pediatric patients had no comorbidities. In female cases, eight of 12 patients with SARS-CoV-2RM presented with noncardiac symptoms, and only four of 12 had comorbidities such as asthma, diabetes, and obesity. In male patients with SARS-CoV-2RM, 10 of 12 presented with respiratory and/or cardiac symptoms, and seven of 12 had cardiac and/or diabetic comorbidities. Furthermore, 22 of 31 male patients with SARS-CoV-2VRM presented with chest pain with no previous comorbidities; four of six females with SARS-CoV-2VRM presented with chest pain, and three of six females had no comorbidities; and seven of 11 pediatric patients with SARS-CoV-2VRM had no comorbidities, but 11 of 11 pediatric patients presented with chest pain. In conclusion, males, females, and pediatric patients with previous SARS-CoV-2VRM showed mostly chest pain with no comorbidities. Males presenting with SARS-CoV-2RM showed mostly respiratory and cardiac symptoms with cardiac and diabetic comorbidities. Females with SARS-CoV-2RM described various symptoms from flu-like, respiratory, to cardiac and had no previous comorbidities. The bulk of pediatric patients with SARS-CoV-2RM mainly presented with GI symptoms and no past comorbidities. More studies are needed to determine the clinical presentation and risk factors that lead to SARS-CoV-2RM and SARS-CoV-2VRM.
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21
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Zhang ZY, Mao ZJ, Ruan YP, Zhang X. Computational identification of Shenshao Ningxin Yin as an effective treatment for novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) with myocarditis. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2022; 19:5772-5792. [PMID: 35603378 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2022270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The newly identified betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is the causative pathogen of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which has killed more than 4.5 million people. SARS-CoV-2 causes severe respiratory distress syndrome by targeting the lungs and also induces myocardial damage. Shenshao Ningxin Yin (SNY) has been used for more than 700 years to treat influenza. Previous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated that SNY can improve the clinical symptoms of viral myocarditis, reverse arrhythmia, and reduce the level of myocardial damage markers. METHODS This work uses a rational computational strategy to identify existing drug molecules that target host pathways for the treatment of COVID-19 with myocarditis. Disease and drug targets were input into the STRING database to construct proteinɃprotein interaction networks. The Metascape database was used for GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. RESULTS SNY signaling modulated the pathways of coronavirus disease, including COVID-19, Ras signaling, viral myocarditis, and TNF signaling pathways. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53), mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1), and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) were the pivotal targets of SNY. The components of SNY bound well with the pivotal targets, indicating there were potential biological activities. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal the pharmacological role and molecular mechanism of SNY for the treatment of COVID-19 with myocarditis. We also, for the first time, demonstrate that SNY displays multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway characteristics with a complex mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Yu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Zhu-Jun Mao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Chinese Medicine Plant Essential Oil Zhejiang Engineering Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Ye-Ping Ruan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Chinese Medicine Plant Essential Oil Zhejiang Engineering Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Chinese Medicine Plant Essential Oil Zhejiang Engineering Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
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22
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Schiattarella GG, Alcaide P, Condorelli G, Gillette TG, Heymans S, Jones EAV, Kallikourdis M, Lichtman A, Marelli-Berg F, Shah S, Thorp EB, Hill JA. Immunometabolic Mechanisms of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2022; 1:211-222. [PMID: 35755006 PMCID: PMC9229992 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00032-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is increasing in prevalence worldwide, already accounting for at least half of all heart failure (HF). As most patients with HFpEF are obese with metabolic syndrome, metabolic stress has been implicated in syndrome pathogenesis. Recently, compelling evidence for bidirectional crosstalk between metabolic stress and chronic inflammation has emerged, and alterations in systemic and cardiac immune responses are held to participate in HFpEF pathophysiology. Indeed, based on both preclinical and clinical evidence, comorbidity-driven systemic inflammation, coupled with metabolic stress, have been implicated together in HFpEF pathogenesis. As metabolic alterations impact immune function(s) in HFpEF, major changes in immune cell metabolism are also recognized in HFpEF and in HFpEF-predisposing conditions. Both arms of immunity - innate and adaptive - are implicated in the cardiomyocyte response in HFpEF. Indeed, we submit that crosstalk among adipose tissue, the immune system, and the heart represents a critical component of HFpEF pathobiology. Here, we review recent evidence in support of immunometabolic mechanisms as drivers of HFpEF pathogenesis, discuss pivotal biological mechanisms underlying the syndrome, and highlight questions requiring additional inquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele G. Schiattarella
- Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Translational Approaches in Heart Failure and Cardiometabolic Disease, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Pilar Alcaide
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gianluigi Condorelli
- Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, Italy,Cardio Center, Humanitas Research Hospital IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Thomas G. Gillette
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, Netherlands,Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elizabeth A. V. Jones
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, Netherlands,Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marinos Kallikourdis
- Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, Italy,Adaptive Immunity Lab, Humanitas Research Hospital IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Andrew Lichtman
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Federica Marelli-Berg
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sanjiv Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Edward B. Thorp
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Joseph A. Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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23
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Neves EGA, Koh CC, Souza-Silva TG, Passos LSA, Silva ACC, Velikkakam T, Villani F, Coelho JS, Brodskyn CI, Teixeira A, Gollob KJ, Nunes MDCP, Dutra WO. T-Cell Subpopulations Exhibit Distinct Recruitment Potential, Immunoregulatory Profile and Functional Characteristics in Chagas versus Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathies. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:787423. [PMID: 35187122 PMCID: PMC8847602 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.787423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC) is one of the deadliest cardiomyopathies known and the most severe manifestation of Chagas disease, which is caused by infection with the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathies (IDC) are a diverse group of inflammatory heart diseases that affect the myocardium and are clinically similar to CCC, often causing heart failure and death. While T-cells are critical for mediating cardiac pathology in CCC and IDC, the mechanisms underlying T-cell function in these cardiomyopathies are not well-defined. In this study, we sought to investigate the phenotypic and functional characteristics of T-cell subpopulations in CCC and IDC, aiming to clarify whether the inflammatory response is similar or distinct in these cardiomyopathies. We evaluated the expression of systemic cytokines, determined the sources of the different cytokines, the expression of their receptors, of cytotoxic molecules, and of molecules associated with recruitment to the heart by circulating CD4+, CD8+, and CD4-CD8- T-cells from CCC and IDC patients, using multiparameter flow cytometry combined with conventional and unsupervised machine-learning strategies. We also used an in silico approach to identify the expression of genes that code for key molecules related to T-cell function in hearts of patient with CCC and IDC. Our data demonstrated that CCC patients displayed a more robust systemic inflammatory cytokine production as compared to IDC. While CD8+ T-cells were highly activated in CCC as compared to IDC, CD4+ T-cells were more activated in IDC. In addition to differential expression of functional molecules, these cells also displayed distinct expression of molecules associated with recruitment to the heart. In silico analysis of gene transcripts in the cardiac tissue demonstrated a significant correlation between CD8 and inflammatory, cytotoxic and cardiotropic molecules in CCC transcripts, while no correlation with CD4 was observed. A positive correlation was observed between CD4 and perforin transcripts in hearts from IDC but not CCC, as compared to normal tissue. These data show a clearly distinct systemic and local cellular response in CCC and IDC, despite their similar cardiac impairment, which may contribute to identifying specific immunotherapeutic targets in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eula G. A. Neves
- Department of Morphology, Cell-Cell Interactions Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Carolina C. Koh
- Department of Morphology, Cell-Cell Interactions Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thaiany G. Souza-Silva
- Department of Morphology, Cell-Cell Interactions Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lívia Silva Araújo Passos
- Department of Morphology, Cell-Cell Interactions Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Brigham and Womens Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ana Carolina C. Silva
- Department of Morphology, Cell-Cell Interactions Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Teresiama Velikkakam
- Department of Morphology, Cell-Cell Interactions Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Villani
- Department of Morphology, Cell-Cell Interactions Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Minas Gerais State University, Divinópolis, Brazil
| | - Janete Soares Coelho
- Department of Morphology, Cell-Cell Interactions Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Claudia Ida Brodskyn
- Gonçalo Moniz Research Center, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Andrea Teixeira
- Rene Rachou Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Kenneth J. Gollob
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais, INCT-DT, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Maria do Carmo P. Nunes
- Graduate Program in Infectology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Walderez O. Dutra
- Department of Morphology, Cell-Cell Interactions Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais, INCT-DT, Salvador, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Infectology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Walderez O. Dutra
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Targeting HGF/c-Met Axis Decreases Circulating Regulatory T Cells Accumulation in Gastric Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215562. [PMID: 34771724 PMCID: PMC8583551 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Restoring an effective immune response is the key goal of immunotherapy. One of the major mechanisms of tumor-induced immunosuppression is regulatory T cells (Treg) accumulation. In this study, using in vitro and in vivo analysis, we assessed the impact of the HGF/c-Met pathway, involved notably in tumor angiogenesis, on Treg accumulation in patients with gastric cancer. First, we reported that c-Met is expressed on circulating monocytes of gastric cancer patients and this expression seems to be associated with the worst outcome. Secondly, during in vitro cultures, c-Met+ monocytes differentiate into dendritic cells with tolerogenic properties able to induce the proliferation of Treg. Finally, rilotumumab, an anti-HGF antibody, decreases the percentage of circulating Treg in gastric cancer patients. Using HGF/c-Met inhibitors to partially reverse immunosuppression could lead to the development of new treatment associations, for example with immune checkpoint blockers. Abstract Elucidating mechanisms involved in tumor-induced immunosuppression is of great interest since it could help to improve cancer immunotherapy efficacy. Here we show that Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF), a pro-tumoral and proangiogenic factor, and its receptor c-Met are involved in regulatory T cells (Treg) accumulation in the peripheral blood of gastric cancer (GC) patients. We observed that c-Met is expressed on circulating monocytes from GC patients. The elevated expression on monocytes is associated with clinical parameters linked to an aggressive disease phenotype and correlates with a worse prognosis. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells from GC patients differentiated in the presence of HGF adopt a regulatory phenotype with a lower expression of co-stimulatory molecules, impaired maturation capacities, and an increased ability to produce interleukin-10 and to induce Treg differentiation in vitro. In the MEGA-ACCORD20-PRODIGE17 trial, GC patients received an anti-HGF antibody treatment (rilotumumab), which had been described to have an anti-angiogenic activity by decreasing proliferation of endothelial cells and tube formation. Rilotumumab decreased circulating Treg in GC patients. Thus, we identified that HGF indirectly triggers Treg accumulation via c-Met-expressing monocytes in the peripheral blood of GC patients. Our study provides arguments for potential alternative use of HGF/c-Met targeted therapies based on their immunomodulatory properties which could lead to the development of new therapeutic associations in cancer patients, for example with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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25
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Trevelin SC, Zampetaki A, Sawyer G, Ivetic A, Brewer AC, Smyth LA, Marelli-Berg F, Köchl R, Lechler RI, Shah AM, Lombardi G. Nox2-deficient Tregs improve heart transplant outcomes via their increased graft recruitment and enhanced potency. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e149301. [PMID: 34375309 PMCID: PMC8492330 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.149301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nox2 is a ROS-generating enzyme, deficiency of which increases suppression by Tregs in vitro and in an in vivo model of cardiac remodeling. As Tregs have emerged as a candidate therapy in autoimmunity and transplantation, we hypothesized that Nox2 deficiency in Tregs in recipient mice may improve outcomes in a heart transplant model. We generated a potentially novel B6129 mouse model with Treg-targeted Nox2 deletion (Nox2fl/flFoxP3Cre+ mice) and transplanted with hearts from CB6F1 donors. As compared with those of littermate controls, Nox2fl/flFoxP3Cre+ mice had lower plasma levels of alloantibodies and troponin-I, reduced levels of IFN-γ in heart allograft homogenates, and diminished cardiomyocyte necrosis and allograft fibrosis. Single-cell analyses of allografts revealed higher absolute numbers of Tregs and lower CD8+ T cell infiltration in Nox2-deficient recipients compared with Nox2-replete mice. Mechanistically, in addition to a greater suppression of CD8+CD25- T effector cell proliferation and IFN-γ production, Nox2-deficient Tregs expressed higher levels of CCR4 and CCR8, driving cell migration to allografts; this was associated with increased expression of miR-214-3p. These data indicate that Nox2 deletion in Tregs enhances their suppressive ability and migration to heart allografts. Therefore, Nox2 inhibition in Tregs may be a useful approach to improve their therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia C. Trevelin
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, United Kingdom.,King’s College London, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Zampetaki
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Greta Sawyer
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aleksandar Ivetic
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alison C. Brewer
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley Ann Smyth
- University of East London, Health Sports Bioscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - Federica Marelli-Berg
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Köchl
- King’s College London, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert I. Lechler
- King’s College London, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ajay M. Shah
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanna Lombardi
- King’s College London, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, London, United Kingdom
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26
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Annexin A1 attenuates cardiac diastolic dysfunction in mice with inflammatory arthritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2020385118. [PMID: 34526398 PMCID: PMC8463875 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2020385118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) carries a twofold increased incidence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, accompanied by diastolic dysfunction, which can lead to death. The causes of diastolic dysfunction are unknown, and there are currently no well-characterized animal models for studying these mechanisms. Current medications for RA do not have marked beneficial cardio-protective effects. K/BxN F1 progeny and KRN control mice were analyzed over time for arthritis development, monitoring left ventricular diastolic and systolic function using echocardiography. Excised hearts were analyzed by flow cytometry, qPCR, and histology. In pharmacological experiments, K/BxN F1 mice were treated with human recombinant AnxA1 (hrAnxA1, 1 μg/mouse) or vehicle daily. K/BxN F1 mice exhibited fully developed arthritis with normal cardiac function at 4 wk; however, by week 8, all mice displayed left ventricular diastolic dysfunction with preserved ejection fraction. This dysfunction was associated with cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial inflammation and fibrosis, and inflammatory markers. Daily treatment of K/BxN F1 mice with hrAnxA1 from weeks 4 to 8 halted progression of the diastolic dysfunction. The treatment reduced cardiac transcripts of proinflammatory cytokines and profibrotic markers. At the cellular level, hrAnxA1 decreased activated T cells and increased MHC IIlow macrophage infiltration in K/BxN F1 hearts. Similar effects were obtained when hrAnxA1 was administered from week 8 to week 15. We describe an animal model of inflammatory arthritis that recapitulates the cardiomyopathy of RA. Treatment with hrAnxA1 after disease onset corrected the diastolic dysfunction through modulation of both fibroblast and inflammatory cell phenotype within the heart.
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27
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Nassar M, Nso N, Gonzalez C, Lakhdar S, Alshamam M, Elshafey M, Abdalazeem Y, Nyein A, Punzalan B, Durrance RJ, Alfishawy M, Bakshi S, Rizzo V. COVID-19 vaccine-induced myocarditis: Case report with literature review. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:102205. [PMID: 34293552 PMCID: PMC8270733 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Nassar
- Medicine Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai / NYC Health + Hospitals Queens, New York, USA.
| | - Nso Nso
- Medicine Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai / NYC Health + Hospitals Queens, New York, USA.
| | - Carlos Gonzalez
- Medicine Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai / NYC Health + Hospitals Queens, New York, USA.
| | - Sofia Lakhdar
- Medicine Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai / NYC Health + Hospitals Queens, New York, USA.
| | - Mohsen Alshamam
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai / NYC Health + Hospitals/Queens, New York, USA.
| | - Mohammed Elshafey
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Tennessee, USA.
| | | | - Andrew Nyein
- New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, NYC, USA.
| | | | - Richard Jesse Durrance
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai / Elmhurst Hospital, New York, USA.
| | - Mostafa Alfishawy
- Infectious Diseases Consultants and Academic Researchers of Egypt IDCARE, Egypt.
| | - Sanjiv Bakshi
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai / NYC Health + Hospitals/Queens, New York, USA.
| | - Vincent Rizzo
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai / NYC Health + Hospitals/Queens, New York, USA.
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28
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Kilic G, Bulut O, Jaeger M, Ter Horst R, Koeken VACM, Moorlag SJCFM, Mourits VP, de Bree C, Domínguez-Andrés J, Joosten LAB, Netea MG. The Immunological Factors Predisposing to Severe Covid-19 Are Already Present in Healthy Elderly and Men. Front Immunol 2021; 12:720090. [PMID: 34434199 PMCID: PMC8380832 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.720090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Male sex and old age are risk factors for COVID-19 severity, but the underlying causes are unknown. A possible explanation for this might be the differences in immunological profiles in males and the elderly before the infection. With this in mind, we analyzed the abundance of circulating proteins and immune populations associated with severe COVID-19 in 2 healthy cohorts. Besides, given the seasonal profile of COVID-19, the seasonal response against SARS-CoV-2 could also be different in the elderly and males. Therefore, PBMCs of female, male, young, and old subjects in different seasons of the year were stimulated with heat-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 to investigate the season-dependent anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune response. We found that several T cell subsets, which are known to be depleted in severe COVID-19 patients, were intrinsically less abundant in men and older individuals. Plasma proteins increasing with disease severity, including HGF, IL-8, and MCP-1, were more abundant in the elderly and males. Upon in vitro SARS-CoV-2 stimulation, the elderly produced significantly more IL-1RA and had a dysregulated IFNγ response with lower production in the fall compared with young individuals. Our results suggest that the immune characteristics of severe COVID-19, described by a differential abundance of immune cells and circulating inflammatory proteins, are intrinsically present in healthy men and the elderly. This might explain the susceptibility of men and the elderly to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Kilic
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ozlem Bulut
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Martin Jaeger
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Rob Ter Horst
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Valerie A C M Koeken
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Infection Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM) & TWINCORE, Joint Ventures Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Simone J C F M Moorlag
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Vera P Mourits
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Charlotte de Bree
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jorge Domínguez-Andrés
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life & Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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29
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Estrada A, Rodriguez AC, Rodriguez G, Grant AH, Ayala-Marin YM, Arrieta AJ, Kirken RA. Phosphorylation of CrkL S114 induced by common gamma chain cytokines and T-cell receptor signal transduction. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16951. [PMID: 34417497 PMCID: PMC8379229 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96428-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell activation and cellular expansion by common gamma chain cytokines such as Interleukin-2 is necessary for adaptive immunity. However, when unregulated these same pathways promote pathologies ranging from autoimmune disorders to cancer. While the functional role of Interleukin-2 and downstream effector molecules is relatively clear, the repertoire of phosphoregulatory proteins downstream of this pathway is incomplete. To identify phosphoproteins downstream of common gamma chain receptor, YT cells were radiolabeled with [32P]-orthophosphate and stimulated with Interleukin-2. Subsequently, tyrosine phosphorylated proteins were immunopurified and subjected to tandem mass spectrometry-leading to the identification of CrkL. Phosphoamino acid analysis revealed concurrent serine phosphorylation of CrkL and was later identified as S114 by mass spectrometry analysis. S114 was inducible through stimulation with Interleukin-2 or T-cell receptor stimulation. Polyclonal antibodies were generated against CrkL phospho-S114, and used to show its inducibility by multiple stimuli. These findings confirm CrkL as an Interleukin-2 responsive protein that becomes phosphorylated at S114 by a kinase/s downstream of PI3K and MEK/ERK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Estrada
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas At El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.,Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas At El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Alejandro C Rodriguez
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas At El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.,Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas At El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Georgialina Rodriguez
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas At El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.,Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas At El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Alice H Grant
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas At El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.,Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas At El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Yoshira M Ayala-Marin
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas At El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.,Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas At El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Amy J Arrieta
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas At El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Robert A Kirken
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas At El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA. .,Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas At El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
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30
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Serum Anti-Heart and Anti-Intercalated Disk Autoantibodies: Novel Autoimmune Markers in Cardiac Sarcoidosis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112476. [PMID: 34199661 PMCID: PMC8199734 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Sarcoidosis is an immune-mediated disease. Cardiac involvement, a granulomatous form of myocarditis, is under-recognized and prognostically relevant. Anti-heart autoantibodies (AHAs) and anti-intercalated disk autoantibodies (AIDAs) are autoimmune markers in nonsarcoidosis myocarditis forms. Objective: The aim was to assess serum AHAs and AIDAs as autoimmune markers in cardiac sarcoidosis. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study on AHA and AIDA frequency in: 29 patients (aged 46 ± 12, 20 male) with biopsy-proven extracardiac sarcoidosis and biopsy-proven or clinically suspected and confirmed by 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and/or cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) cardiac involvement; 30 patients (aged 44 ± 11, 12 male) with biopsy-proven extracardiac sarcoidosis without cardiac involvement (no cardiac symptoms, normal 12-lead electrocardiogram, echocardiography and CMR), and control patients with noninflammatory cardiac disease (NICD) (n = 160), ischemic heart failure (IHF) (n = 141) and normal blood donors (NBDs) (n = 270). Sarcoidosis patients were recruited in two recruiting tertiary centers in the USA and Italy. AHAs and AIDAs were detected by indirect immunofluorescence on the human myocardium and skeletal muscle. Results: AHA and AIDA frequencies were higher in sarcoidosis with cardiac involvement (86%; 62%) than in sarcoidosis without cardiac involvement (0%; 0%), NICD (8%; 4%), IHF (7%; 2%) and NBD (9%; 0%) (p = 0.0001; p = 0.0001, respectively). Sensitivity and specificity for cardiac sarcoidosis were 86% and 92% for positive AHAs and 62% and 98% for positive AIDAs, respectively. AIDAs in cardiac sarcoidosis were associated with a higher number of involved organs (p = 0.04). Conclusions: Serum AHAs and AIDAs provide novel noninvasive diagnostic autoimmune markers for cardiac sarcoidosis.
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31
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Mogamulizumab-Associated Acute Myocarditis in a Patient With T-Cell Lymphoma. JACC Case Rep 2021; 3:1018-1023. [PMID: 34317676 PMCID: PMC8311348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A 62-year-old woman with human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 cell lymphoma developed heart failure after mogamulizumab, an immunotherapy agent. Clinical presentation and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging were consistent with myocarditis, and a recurrence of heart failure occurred after rechallenge with the therapy. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.).
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Key Words
- CCR4, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4
- CHOPE, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone, and etoposide
- CMR, cardiac magnetic resonance
- ECG, electrocardiogram
- ICI, checkpoint inhibitor
- LGE, late gadolinium enhancement
- LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction
- MR sequences
- PE, pulmonary embolus
- TTE, transthoracic echocardiogram
- Treg, T regulatory cells
- acute heart failure
- cancer
- cardiomyopathy
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32
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Antiretroviral therapy-treated HIV-infected adults with coronary artery disease are characterized by a distinctive regulatory T-cell signature. AIDS 2021; 35:1003-1014. [PMID: 33587446 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) to control viral replication, people living with HIV (PWH) have high levels of chronic systemic inflammation and immune dysregulation which drives accelerated co-morbidities including coronary artery disease (CAD). Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and ectonucleotidases CD39/CD73 are known to be athero-protective via their immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory functions. DESIGN We assessed the dynamics of Treg subsets in ART-treated PWH with or without CAD vs. HIV-uninfected individuals. METHODS Blood specimens were obtained from 142 participants including ART-treated HIV-infected adults with (n = 43) or without CAD (n = 41), as well as HIV-uninfected controls with (n = 31) or without CAD (n = 27). CAD was determined by the presence of atherosclerotic features on computed tomography angiography of the coronary arteries performed on all study participants. Treg subsets frequencies were assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Regardless of statin treatment or ART regimen, HIV+CAD+ individuals had the highest total Treg frequencies and increased thymic generation and output of Tregs (Helios/CD31 expression), while athero-protective CD39+/CD73+ Tregs were significantly depleted in this group. Tregs from PWH had higher expression of CCR6/CXCR3 than uninfected individuals regardless of CAD, while in HIV+CAD+ individuals Tregs expressed the highest levels of CCR4, which limits their maintenance. The lowest levels of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell immune activation has been observed in HIV+CAD+ within study groups. CONCLUSION ART-treated PWH with diagnosed CAD are characterized by profound alterations in populations of anti-inflammatory and athero-protective Treg subsets. These changes may contribute to atherosclerotic plaque formation and progression during chronic HIV infection in the ART era.
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33
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Li Q, Hou H, Li M, Yu X, Zuo H, Gao J, Zhang M, Li Z, Guo Z. CD73 + Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorate Myocardial Infarction by Promoting Angiogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:637239. [PMID: 34055772 PMCID: PMC8152667 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.637239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
With multipotent differentiation potential and paracrine capacity, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely applied in clinical practice for the treatment of ischemic heart disease. MSCs are a heterogeneous population and the specific population of MSCs may exhibit a selective ability for tissue repair. The aim of our research was to adapt the CD73+ subgroup of adipose derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) for the therapy of myocardial infarction (MI). In this research, AD-MSCs were isolated from adipose tissue surrounding the groin of mice and CD73+ AD-MSCs were sorted using flow cytometry. To investigate the therapeutic effects of CD73+ AD-MSCs, 1.2 × 106 CD73+ AD-MSCs were transplanted into rat model of MI, and CD73– AD-MSCs, normal AD-MSCs transplantation served as control. Our results revealed that CD73+ AD-MSCs played a more effective role in the acceleration function of cardiac recovery by promoting angiogenesis in a rat model of MI compared with mixed AD-MSCs and CD73– AD-MSCs. Moreover, with the expression of CD73 in AD-MSCs, the secretion of VEGF, SDF-1α, and HGF factors could be promoted. It also shows differences between CD73+ and CD73– AD-MSCs when the transcription profiles of these two subgroups were compared, especially in VEGF pathway. These findings raise an attractive outlook on CD73+ AD-MSCs as a dominant subgroup for treating MI-induced myocardial injury. CD73, a surface marker, can be used as a MSCs cell quality control for the recovery of MI by accelerating angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Huifang Hou
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Meng Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xia Yu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hongbo Zuo
- Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jianhui Gao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated of Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zongjin Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhikun Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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34
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Diaz-Hernandez A, Gonzalez-Vazquez MC, Arce-Fonseca M, Rodriguez-Morales O, Cedilllo-Ramirez ML, Carabarin-Lima A. Risk of COVID-19 in Chagas Disease Patients: What Happen with Cardiac Affectations? BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10050411. [PMID: 34066383 PMCID: PMC8148128 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chagas disease is considered a neglected tropical disease. The acute phase of Chagas disease is characterized by several symptoms: fever, fatigue, body aches, headache and cardiopathy's. Chronic phase could be asymptomatic or symptomatic with cardiac compromise. Since the emergence of the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the cardiovascular involvement has been identified as a complication commonly reported in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Due to the lack of knowledge of the cardiac affectations that this virus could cause in patients with Chagas disease, the aim of this review is to describe the possible cardiac affectations, as well as the treatment and recommendations that patients with both infections should carry out. METHODS The authors revised the recent and relevant literature concerning the topic and discussed advances and limitations of studies on COVID-19 and their impact in Chagas disease patients, principally with cardiac affectations. RESULTS There currently exists little information about the consequences that Chagas disease patients can suffer when they are infected with COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights the emerging challenges of access to medical care and future research needs in order to understand the implications that co-infections (SARS-CoV-2 or other viruses) can generate in Chagas disease-infected people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Diaz-Hernandez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur y Avenida San Claudio, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72570, Mexico; (A.D.-H.); (M.C.G.-V.); (M.L.C.-R.)
| | - Maria Cristina Gonzalez-Vazquez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur y Avenida San Claudio, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72570, Mexico; (A.D.-H.); (M.C.G.-V.); (M.L.C.-R.)
| | - Minerva Arce-Fonseca
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico; (M.A.-F.); (O.R.-M.)
| | - Olivia Rodriguez-Morales
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico; (M.A.-F.); (O.R.-M.)
| | - Maria Lilia Cedilllo-Ramirez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur y Avenida San Claudio, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72570, Mexico; (A.D.-H.); (M.C.G.-V.); (M.L.C.-R.)
| | - Alejandro Carabarin-Lima
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur y Avenida San Claudio, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72570, Mexico; (A.D.-H.); (M.C.G.-V.); (M.L.C.-R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-222-2295-500 (ext. 3965)
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Nissink JWM, Bazzaz S, Blackett C, Clark MA, Collingwood O, Disch JS, Gikunju D, Goldberg K, Guilinger JP, Hardaker E, Hennessy EJ, Jetson R, Keefe AD, McCoull W, McMurray L, Olszewski A, Overman R, Pflug A, Preston M, Rawlins PB, Rivers E, Schimpl M, Smith P, Truman C, Underwood E, Warwicker J, Winter-Holt J, Woodcock S, Zhang Y. Generating Selective Leads for Mer Kinase Inhibitors-Example of a Comprehensive Lead-Generation Strategy. J Med Chem 2021; 64:3165-3184. [PMID: 33683117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mer is a member of the TAM (Tyro3, Axl, Mer) kinase family that has been associated with cancer progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Their essential function in immune homeostasis has prompted an interest in their role as modulators of antitumor immune response in the tumor microenvironment. Here we illustrate the outcomes of an extensive lead-generation campaign for identification of Mer inhibitors, focusing on the results from concurrent, orthogonal high-throughput screening approaches. Data mining, HT (high-throughput), and DECL (DNA-encoded chemical library) screens offered means to evaluate large numbers of compounds. We discuss campaign strategy and screening outcomes, and exemplify series resulting from prioritization of hits that were identified. Concurrent execution of HT and DECL screening successfully yielded a large number of potent, selective, and novel starting points, covering a range of selectivity profiles across the TAM family members and modes of kinase binding, and offered excellent start points for lead development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sana Bazzaz
- X-Chem, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Carolyn Blackett
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Jeremy S Disch
- X-Chem, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Diana Gikunju
- X-Chem, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | | | | | | | - Edward J Hennessy
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Rachael Jetson
- X-Chem, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | | | - William McCoull
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Ross Overman
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Pflug
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Marian Preston
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Philip B Rawlins
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Rivers
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Marianne Schimpl
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Smith
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Truman
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | | | - Juli Warwicker
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Winter-Holt
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Woodcock
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Ying Zhang
- X-Chem, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
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Sun K, Li YY, Jin J. A double-edged sword of immuno-microenvironment in cardiac homeostasis and injury repair. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:79. [PMID: 33612829 PMCID: PMC7897720 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00455-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The response of immune cells in cardiac injury is divided into three continuous phases: inflammation, proliferation and maturation. The kinetics of the inflammatory and proliferation phases directly influence the tissue repair. In cardiac homeostasis, cardiac tissue resident macrophages (cTMs) phagocytose bacteria and apoptotic cells. Meanwhile, NK cells prevent the maturation and transport of inflammatory cells. After cardiac injury, cTMs phagocytose the dead cardiomyocytes (CMs), regulate the proliferation and angiogenesis of cardiac progenitor cells. NK cells prevent the cardiac fibrosis, and promote vascularization and angiogenesis. Type 1 macrophages trigger the cardioprotective responses and promote tissue fibrosis in the early stage. Reversely, type 2 macrophages promote cardiac remodeling and angiogenesis in the late stage. Circulating macrophages and neutrophils firstly lead to chronic inflammation by secreting proinflammatory cytokines, and then release anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors, which regulate cardiac remodeling. In this process, dendritic cells (DCs) mediate the regulation of monocyte and macrophage recruitment. Recruited eosinophils and Mast cells (MCs) release some mediators which contribute to coronary vasoconstriction, leukocyte recruitment, formation of new blood vessels, scar formation. In adaptive immunity, effector T cells, especially Th17 cells, lead to the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis, including the distal fibrosis and scar formation. CMs protectors, Treg cells, inhibit reduce the inflammatory response, then directly trigger the regeneration of local progenitor cell via IL-10. B cells reduce myocardial injury by preserving cardiac function during the resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Sun
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, and Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yi-Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Jin Jin
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, and Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
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Yun JH. Hepatocyte growth factor prevents pericyte loss in diabetic retinopathy. Microvasc Res 2021; 133:104103. [PMID: 33181170 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.104103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a disease that causes blindness due to vascular leakage or abnormal angiogenesis. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is increased in the serum or vitreous fluid in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients, although the effect of HGF on the blood vessels remains unclear. This study focused on the effect of HGF on pericyte (PC) survival and endothelial cell (EC) permeability. It was demonstrated that HGF was increased in the diabetic mouse retina. However, HGF prevented PC apoptosis caused by TNF-α, which increased in the diabetic retinas both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, HGF was involved in PC survival by increasing the Akt signaling pathway. Moreover, HGF strengthened the EC tight junction in co-cultures of PCs and ECs by promoting PC survival, thereby reducing EC permeability. These results suggest that HGF may play a role in the prevention of increased vascular leakage by inhibiting the PC loss that occurs in DR to some extent. However, careful HGF reduction in DR might avoid an increase in PC loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Hyuk Yun
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, 1 Gangwondaehakgil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea.
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38
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Leopold AV, Verkhusha VV. Light control of RTK activity: from technology development to translational research. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10019-10034. [PMID: 33209247 PMCID: PMC7654314 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03570j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) by small molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies is used to treat cancer. Conversely, activation of RTKs with their ligands, including growth factors and insulin, is used to treat diabetes and neurodegeneration. However, conventional therapies that rely on injection of RTK inhibitors or activators do not provide spatiotemporal control over RTK signaling, which results in diminished efficiency and side effects. Recently, a number of optogenetic and optochemical approaches have been developed that allow RTK inhibition or activation in cells and in vivo with light. Light irradiation can control RTK signaling non-invasively, in a dosed manner, with high spatio-temporal precision, and without the side effects of conventional treatments. Here we provide an update on the current state of the art of optogenetic and optochemical RTK technologies and the prospects of their use in translational studies and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Leopold
- Medicum , Faculty of Medicine , University of Helsinki , Helsinki 00290 , Finland
| | - Vladislav V Verkhusha
- Medicum , Faculty of Medicine , University of Helsinki , Helsinki 00290 , Finland
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , NY 10461 , USA .
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39
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Siripanthong B, Nazarian S, Muser D, Deo R, Santangeli P, Khanji MY, Cooper LT, Chahal CAA. Recognizing COVID-19-related myocarditis: The possible pathophysiology and proposed guideline for diagnosis and management. Heart Rhythm 2020; 17:1463-1471. [PMID: 32387246 PMCID: PMC7199677 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 467] [Impact Index Per Article: 116.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human coronavirus-associated myocarditis is known, and a number of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)-related myocarditis cases have been reported. The pathophysiology of COVID-19-related myocarditis is thought to be a combination of direct viral injury and cardiac damage due to the host's immune response. COVID-19 myocarditis diagnosis should be guided by insights from previous coronavirus and other myocarditis experience. The clinical findings include changes in electrocardiogram and cardiac biomarkers, and impaired cardiac function. When cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is not feasible, cardiac computed tomographic angiography with delayed myocardial imaging may serve to exclude significant coronary artery disease and identify myocardial inflammatory patterns. Because many COVID-19 patients have cardiovascular comorbidities, myocardial infarction should be considered. If the diagnosis remains uncertain, an endomyocardial biopsy may help identify active cardiac infection through viral genome amplification and possibly refine the treatment risks of systemic immunosuppression. Arrhythmias are not uncommon in COVID-19 patients, but the pathophysiology is still speculative. Nevertheless, clinicians should be vigilant to provide prompt monitoring and treatment. The long-term impact of COVID-19 myocarditis, including the majority of mild cases, remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saman Nazarian
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniele Muser
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rajat Deo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Pasquale Santangeli
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mohammed Y Khanji
- Department of Cardiology, Newham University Hospital and Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London UK
| | | | - C Anwar A Chahal
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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40
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Oda S, Uchida Y, Aleo MD, Koza-Taylor PH, Matsui Y, Hizue M, Marroquin LD, Whritenour J, Uchida E, Yokoi T. An in vitro coculture system of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with hepatocellular carcinoma-derived cells for predicting drug-induced liver injury. Arch Toxicol 2020; 95:149-168. [PMID: 32816093 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02882-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Preventing clinical drug-induced liver injury (DILI) remains a major challenge, because DILI develops via multifactorial mechanisms. Immune and inflammatory reactions are considered important mechanisms of DILI; however, biomarkers from in vitro systems using immune cells have not been comprehensively studied. The aims of this study were (1) to identify promising biomarker genes for predicting DILI in an in vitro coculture model of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with a human liver cell line, and (2) to evaluate these genes as predictors of DILI using a panel of drugs with different clinical DILI risk. Transcriptome-wide analysis of PBMCs cocultured with HepG2 or differentiated HepaRG cells that were treated with several drugs revealed an appropriate separation of DILI-positive and DILI-negative drugs, from which 12 putative biomarker genes were selected. To evaluate the predictive performance of these genes, PBMCs cocultured with HepG2 cells were exposed to 77 different drugs, and gene expression levels in PBMCs were determined. The MET proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase (MET) showed the highest area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) value of 0.81 among the 12 genes with a high sensitivity/specificity (85/66%). However, a stepwise logistic regression model using the 12 identified genes showed the highest AUC value of 0.94 with a high sensitivity/specificity (93/86%). Taken together, we established a coculture system using PBMCs and HepG2 cells and selected biomarkers that can predict DILI risk. The established model would be useful in detecting the DILI potential of compounds, in particular those that involve an immune mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Oda
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Drug Safety Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Yuka Uchida
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Drug Safety Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Michael D Aleo
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT, USA
- TOXinsights LLC, East Lyme, CT, USA
| | | | - Yusuke Matsui
- Laboratory of Intelligence Healthcare, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masanori Hizue
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lisa D Marroquin
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT, USA
| | | | - Eri Uchida
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yokoi
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Drug Safety Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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41
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The selective c-Met inhibitor capmatinib offsets cisplatin-nephrotoxicity and doxorubicin-cardiotoxicity and improves their anticancer efficacies. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 398:115018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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42
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O'Brien M, Baicu CF, Van Laer AO, Zhang Y, McDonald LT, LaRue AC, Zile MR, Bradshaw AD. Pressure overload generates a cardiac-specific profile of inflammatory mediators. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H331-H340. [PMID: 32589444 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00274.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms that contribute to myocardial fibrosis, particularly in response to left ventricular pressure overload (LVPO), remain poorly defined. To test the hypothesis that a myocardial-specific profile of secreted factors is produced in response to PO, levels of 44 factors implicated in immune cell recruitment and function were assessed in a murine model of cardiac hypertrophy and compared with levels produced in a model of pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Mice subjected to PO were assessed at 1 and 4 wk. Protein from plasma, LV, lungs, and kidneys were analyzed by specific protein array analysis in parallel with protein from mice subjected to silica-instilled PF. Of the 44 factors assessed, 13 proteins were elevated in 1-wk PO myocardium, whereas 18 proteins were found increased in fibrotic lung. Eight of those increased in 1-wk LVPO were not found to be increased in fibrotic lungs (CCL-11, CCL-12, CCL-17, CCL-19, CCL-21, CCL-22, IL-16, and VEGF). Additionally, six factors were increased in plasma of 1-wk LVPO in the absence of increases in myocardial levels. In contrast, in mice with PF, no factors were found increased in plasma that were not elevated in lung tissue. Of those factors increased at 1 wk, only TIMP-1 remained elevated at 4 wk of LVPO. Immunohistochemistry of myocardial vasculature at 1 and 4 wk revealed similar amounts of total vasculature; however, evidence of activated endothelium was observed at 1 wk and, to a lesser extent, at 4 wk LVPO. In conclusion, PO myocardium generated a unique signature of cytokine expression versus that of fibrotic lung.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Myocardial fibrosis and the resultant increases in myocardial stiffness represent pivotal consequences of chronic pressure overload (PO). In this study, cytokine profiles produced in a murine model of cardiac fibrosis induced by PO were compared with those produced in response to silica-induced lung fibrosis. A unique profile of cardiac tissue-specific and plasma-derived factors generated in response to PO are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew O'Brien
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Catalin F Baicu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - An O Van Laer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Yuhua Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Lindsey T McDonald
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Amanda C LaRue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Michael R Zile
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Amy D Bradshaw
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
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Deng Y, Wu S, Yang Y, Meng M, Chen X, Chen S, Li L, Gao Y, Cai Y, Imani S, Chen B, Li S, Deng Y, Li X. Unique Phenotypes of Heart Resident Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:802. [PMID: 32431711 PMCID: PMC7214751 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), including ILC1s, ILC2s, and ILC3s, play critical roles in regulating immunity, inflammation, and tissue homeostasis. However, limited attention is focused on the unique phenotype of ILCs in the heart tissue. In this study, we analyzed the ILC subsets in the heart by flow cytometry and found that ILC2s were the dominant population of ILCs, while a lower proportion of type 1 ILCs (including ILC1 and NK cells) and merely no ILC3s in the heart tissue of mice. Our results show that ILC2 development kinetically peaked in heart ILC2s at the age of 4 weeks after birth and later than lung ILC2s. By conducting parabiosis experiment, we show that heart ILC2s are tissue resident cells and minimally replaced by circulating cells. Notably, heart ILC2s have unique phenotypes, such as lower expression of ICOS, CD25 (IL-2Rα), and Ki-67, higher expression of Sca-1 and GATA3, and stronger ability to produce IL-4 and IL-13. In doxorubicin-induced myocardial necroptosis model of mouse heart tissue, IL-33 mRNA expression level and ILC2s were remarkably increased. In addition, IL-4 production by heart ILC2s, but not lung ILC2s, was also dramatically increased after doxorubicin treatment. Our results demonstrate that heart-resident ILC2s showed tissue-specific phenotypes and rapidly responded to heart injury. Thus, further studies are warranted to explore the potential for IL-33-elicited ILC2s response as therapeutics for attenuating heart damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Deng
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shuting Wu
- Hunan Children's Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yao Yang
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Meng Meng
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Sha Chen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Liping Li
- Hunan Children's Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Saber Imani
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Bingbo Chen
- Laboratory Animal Center, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shuhui Li
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Youcai Deng
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Wagner MJ, Khan M, Mohsin S. Healing the Broken Heart; The Immunomodulatory Effects of Stem Cell Therapy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:639. [PMID: 32328072 PMCID: PMC7160320 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality within the United States. Current treatments being administered to patients who suffered a myocardial infarction (MI) have increased patient survival, but do not facilitate the replacement of damaged myocardium. Recent studies demonstrate that stem cell-based therapies promote myocardial repair; however, the poor engraftment of the transferred stem cell populations within the infarcted myocardium is a major limitation, regardless of the cell type. One explanation for poor cell retention is attributed to the harsh inflammatory response mounted following MI. The inflammatory response coupled to cardiac repair processes is divided into two distinct phases. The first phase is initiated during ischemic injury when necrosed myocardium releases Danger Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) and chemokines/cytokines to induce the activation and recruitment of neutrophils and pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages (MΦs); in turn, facilitating necrotic tissue clearance. During the second phase, a shift from the M1 inflammatory functional phenotype to the M2 anti-inflammatory and pro-reparative functional phenotype, permits the resolution of inflammation and the establishment of tissue repair. T-regulatory cells (Tregs) are also influential in mediating the establishment of the pro-reparative phase by directly regulating M1 to M2 MΦ differentiation. Current studies suggest CD4+ T-lymphocyte populations become activated when presented with autoantigens released from the injured myocardium. The identity of the cardiac autoantigens or paracrine signaling molecules released from the ischemic tissue that directly mediate the phenotypic plasticity of T-lymphocyte populations in the post-MI heart are just beginning to be elucidated. Stem cells are enriched centers that contain a diverse paracrine secretome that can directly regulate responses within neighboring cell populations. Previous studies identify that stem cell mediated paracrine signaling can influence the phenotype and function of immune cell populations in vitro, but how stem cells directly mediate the inflammatory microenvironment of the ischemic heart is poorly characterized and is a topic of extensive investigation. In this review, we summarize the complex literature that details the inflammatory microenvironment of the ischemic heart and provide novel insights regarding how paracrine mediated signaling produced by stem cell-based therapies can regulate immune cell subsets to facilitate pro-reparative myocardial wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J Wagner
- Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mohsin Khan
- Center for Metabolic Disease, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sadia Mohsin
- Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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45
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Benkhoucha M, Senoner I, Lalive PH. c-Met is expressed by highly autoreactive encephalitogenic CD8+ cells. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:68. [PMID: 32075650 PMCID: PMC7031922 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1676-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CD8+ T lymphocytes are critical mediators of neuroinflammatory diseases. Understanding the mechanisms that govern the function of this T cell population is crucial to better understanding central nervous system autoimmune disease pathology. We recently identified a novel population of highly cytotoxic c-Met-expressing CD8+ T lymphocytes and found that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) limits effective murine cytotoxic T cell responses in cancer models. Here, we examined the role of c-Met-expressing CD8+ T cells by using a MOG35–55 T cell-mediated EAE model. Methods Mice were subcutaneously immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide (MOG)35–55 in complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA). Peripheral and CNS inflammation was evaluated at peak disease and chronic phase, and c-Met expression by CD8 was evaluated by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. Molecular, cellular, and killing function analysis were performed by real-time PCR, ELISA, flow cytometry, and killing assay. Results In the present study, we observed that a fraction of murine effector CD8+ T cells expressed c-Met receptor (c-Met+CD8+) in an experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) model. Phenotypic and functional analysis of c-Met+CD8+ T cells revealed that they recognize the encephalitogenic epitope myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein37–50. We demonstrated that this T cell population produces higher levels of interferon-γ and granzyme B ex vivo and that HGF directly restrains the cytolytic function of c-Met+CD8+ T cells in cell-mediated cytotoxicity reactions Conclusions Altogether, our findings suggest that the HGF/c-Met pathway could be exploited to modulate CD8+ T cell-mediated neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdia Benkhoucha
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isis Senoner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrice H Lalive
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Department of Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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De Pascale MR, Della Mura N, Vacca M, Napoli C. Useful applications of growth factors for cardiovascular regenerative medicine. Growth Factors 2020; 38:35-63. [PMID: 33028111 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2020.1825410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Novel advances for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) include regenerative approaches for fibrosis, hypertrophy, and neoangiogenesis. Studies indicate that growth factor (GF) signaling could promote heart repair since most of the evidence is derived from preclinical models. Observational studies have evaluated GF serum/plasma levels as feasible biomarkers for risk stratification of CVDs. Noteworthy, two clinical interventional published studies showed that the administration of growth factors (GFs) induced beneficial effect on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), myocardial perfusion, end-systolic volume index (ESVI). To date, large scale ongoing studies are in Phase I-II and mostly focussed on intramyocardial (IM), intracoronary (IC) or intravenous (IV) administration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) which result in the most investigated GFs in the last 10 years. Future data of ongoing randomized controlled studies will be crucial in understanding whether GF-based protocols could be in a concrete way effective in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michele Vacca
- Division of Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine, Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- IRCCS Foundation SDN, Naples, Italy
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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47
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Zarak-Crnkovic M, Kania G, Jaźwa-Kusior A, Czepiel M, Wijnen WJ, Czyż J, Müller-Edenborn B, Vdovenko D, Lindner D, Gil-Cruz C, Bachmann M, Westermann D, Ludewig B, Distler O, Lüscher TF, Klingel K, Eriksson U, Błyszczuk P. Heart non-specific effector CD4 + T cells protect from postinflammatory fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction in experimental autoimmune myocarditis. Basic Res Cardiol 2019; 115:6. [PMID: 31863205 PMCID: PMC6925074 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-019-0766-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Heart-specific CD4+ T cells have been implicated in development and progression of myocarditis in mice and in humans. Here, using mouse models of experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) we investigated the role of heart non-specific CD4+ T cells in the progression of the disease. Heart non-specific CD4+ T cells were obtained from DO11.10 mice expressing transgenic T cell receptor recognizing chicken ovalbumin. We found that heart infiltrating CD4+ T cells expressed exclusively effector (Teff) phenotype in the EAM model and in hearts of patients with lymphocytic myocarditis. Adoptive transfer experiments showed that while heart-specific Teff infiltrated the heart shortly after injection, heart non-specific Teff effectively accumulated during myocarditis and became the major heart-infiltrating CD4+ T cell subset at later stage. Restimulation of co-cultured heart-specific and heart non-specific CD4+ T cells with alpha-myosin heavy chain antigen showed mainly Th1/Th17 response for heart-specific Teff and up-regulation of a distinct set of extracellular signalling molecules in heart non-specific Teff. Adoptive transfer of heart non-specific Teff in mice with myocarditis did not affect inflammation severity at the peak of disease, but protected the heart from adverse post-inflammatory fibrotic remodelling and cardiac dysfunction at later stages of disease. Furthermore, mouse and human Teff stimulated in vitro with common gamma cytokines suppressed expression of profibrotic genes, reduced amount of α-smooth muscle actin filaments and decreased contraction of cardiac fibroblasts. In this study, we provided a proof-of-concept that heart non-specific Teff cells could effectively contribute to myocarditis and protect the heart from the dilated cardiomyopathy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Zarak-Crnkovic
- Cardioimmunology, Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Kania
- Department of Rheumatology, Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Marcin Czepiel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, University Children's Hospital, Wielicka 265, 30-663, Cracow, Poland
| | - Winandus J Wijnen
- Cardioimmunology, Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jarosław Czyż
- Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Björn Müller-Edenborn
- Cardioimmunology, Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, GZO-Zurich Regional Health Center, Wetzikon, Switzerland
| | - Daria Vdovenko
- Cardioimmunology, Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Diana Lindner
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cristina Gil-Cruz
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Marta Bachmann
- Cardioimmunology, Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Westermann
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Distler
- Department of Rheumatology, Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karin Klingel
- Cardiopathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Urs Eriksson
- Cardioimmunology, Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, GZO-Zurich Regional Health Center, Wetzikon, Switzerland
| | - Przemysław Błyszczuk
- Department of Rheumatology, Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, University Children's Hospital, Wielicka 265, 30-663, Cracow, Poland.
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Martini E, Kunderfranco P, Peano C, Carullo P, Cremonesi M, Schorn T, Carriero R, Termanini A, Colombo FS, Jachetti E, Panico C, Faggian G, Fumero A, Torracca L, Molgora M, Cibella J, Pagiatakis C, Brummelman J, Alvisi G, Mazza EMC, Colombo MP, Lugli E, Condorelli G, Kallikourdis M. Single-Cell Sequencing of Mouse Heart Immune Infiltrate in Pressure Overload-Driven Heart Failure Reveals Extent of Immune Activation. Circulation 2019; 140:2089-2107. [PMID: 31661975 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.041694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is a key component of cardiac disease, with macrophages and T lymphocytes mediating essential roles in the progression to heart failure. Nonetheless, little insight exists on other immune subsets involved in the cardiotoxic response. METHODS Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to map the cardiac immune composition in the standard murine nonischemic, pressure-overload heart failure model. By focusing our analysis on CD45+ cells, we obtained a higher resolution identification of the immune cell subsets in the heart, at early and late stages of disease and in controls. We then integrated our findings using multiparameter flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and tissue clarification immunofluorescence in mouse and human. RESULTS We found that most major immune cell subpopulations, including macrophages, B cells, T cells and regulatory T cells, dendritic cells, Natural Killer cells, neutrophils, and mast cells are present in both healthy and diseased hearts. Most cell subsets are found within the myocardium, whereas mast cells are found also in the epicardium. Upon induction of pressure overload, immune activation occurs across the entire range of immune cell types. Activation led to upregulation of key subset-specific molecules, such as oncostatin M in proinflammatory macrophages and PD-1 in regulatory T cells, that may help explain clinical findings such as the refractivity of patients with heart failure to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy and cardiac toxicity during anti-PD-1 cancer immunotherapy, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Despite the absence of infectious agents or an autoimmune trigger, induction of disease leads to immune activation that involves far more cell types than previously thought, including neutrophils, B cells, Natural Killer cells, and mast cells. This opens up the field of cardioimmunology to further investigation by using toolkits that have already been developed to study the aforementioned immune subsets. The subset-specific molecules that mediate their activation may thus become useful targets for the diagnostics or therapy of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Martini
- Adaptive Immunity Laboratory (E.M., M.C., M.K.), Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Kunderfranco
- Bioinformatics Unit (P.K., R.C., A.T.), Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Clelia Peano
- Genomic Unit (C. Peano, J.C.), Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, UoS Milan, National Research Council, Rozzano, Italy (C. Peano, P.C., G.C.)
| | - Pierluigi Carullo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.C., C. Panico, C. Pagiatakis, G.C.), Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, UoS Milan, National Research Council, Rozzano, Italy (C. Peano, P.C., G.C.)
| | - Marco Cremonesi
- Adaptive Immunity Laboratory (E.M., M.C., M.K.), Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Tilo Schorn
- Advanced Imaging Unit (T.S.), Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Carriero
- Bioinformatics Unit (P.K., R.C., A.T.), Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Termanini
- Bioinformatics Unit (P.K., R.C., A.T.), Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Simone Colombo
- Flow Cytometry Core (F.S.C., E.L.), Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Jachetti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (E.J., M.P.C.)
| | - Cristina Panico
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.C., C. Panico, C. Pagiatakis, G.C.), Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Faggian
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Verona, Italy (G.F.)
| | - Andrea Fumero
- Cardiac Surgery Division, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.F., L.T.), Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Torracca
- Cardiac Surgery Division, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.F., L.T.), Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Molgora
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunopathology (M.M.), Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Javier Cibella
- Genomic Unit (C. Peano, J.C.), Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Christina Pagiatakis
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.C., C. Panico, C. Pagiatakis, G.C.), Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Jolanda Brummelman
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology (J.B., G.A., E.M.C., E.L.), Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Alvisi
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology (J.B., G.A., E.M.C., E.L.), Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emilia Maria Cristina Mazza
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology (J.B., G.A., E.M.C., E.L.), Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Paolo Colombo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (E.J., M.P.C.)
| | - Enrico Lugli
- Flow Cytometry Core (F.S.C., E.L.), Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology (J.B., G.A., E.M.C., E.L.), Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Condorelli
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.C., C. Panico, C. Pagiatakis, G.C.), Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, UoS Milan, National Research Council, Rozzano, Italy (C. Peano, P.C., G.C.).,Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy (G.C., M.K.)
| | - Marinos Kallikourdis
- Adaptive Immunity Laboratory (E.M., M.C., M.K.), Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy (G.C., M.K.)
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Tarantino G, Citro V, Conforti P, Balsano C, Capone D. Is There a Link between Basal Metabolic Rate, Spleen Volume and Hepatic Growth Factor Levels in Patients with Obesity-Related NAFLD? J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8101510. [PMID: 31547124 PMCID: PMC6832562 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent pieces of research point to a link between basal metabolic rate (BMR) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or hepatic steatosis (HS). The spleen in obese patients is associated with the cardiovascular system. Enlargement of the spleen is suggestive of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Patients with NASH present an increase in growth factor (HGF) as well as those with advanced heart failure. Interleukin-16 and interleukin-12p40 levels were found to correlate significantly with BMI, and waist circumference. Aim: We tried to find a relationship between BMR, spleen length and HGF. Methods: We analysed retrospective data from 80 obese patients with NAFLD. We evaluated indices of indirect calorimetry by the bioimpendance analysis; carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), spleen length (SLD) and HS by ultrasonography; serum HGF, IL-16, IL-12p40 and IL-6 concentrations by a magnetic bead-based multiplex immunoassays and the severity of NAFLD by BARD score > 2. Results: HGF levels of the obese were higher than those of controls, p < 0.001. At linear regression, BMR was foreseen by spleen length (p < 0.001), which was predicted by HGF (p = 0.04). BMR was predicted by IL-16 (p = 0.005), which predicted HGF, p = 0.034. Only fat mass, among other factors, predicted early atherosclerosis, p = 0.017; IL-12p40 did not predict IMT, HGF and BMR (p = 0.57, 0.09 and 0.59, respectively). The BARD score > 2 was negatively predicted by BMR and FFM (p =0.032 and 0.031, respectively), at the logistic regression. Interesting findings at the extended regression (mediation effect) were: IL-16 was likely causal in predicting BMR by HGF levels; HGF was influential in predicting BMR by SLD level. HS was predicted by SLD in males (p = 0.014), of advanced age (p < 0.001) and by BMR (p < 0.001). IL-6 concentrations, but not BMR were influential in the prediction of HS by SLD. Conclusion: These data reinforce the concept that the immune system is a sensor of the metabolic state, showing a link between HGF levels and BMR, which is mediated by IL-16 (cytokine inducing a cascade of inflammatory factors), and ascertaining the influential effect of the spleen, as main immune organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tarantino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, 80131 Napoli NA, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Citro
- Department of General Medicine, "Umberto I" Hospital, Nocera Inferiore (Sa), 84014 Nocera Inferiore SA, Italy.
| | - Paolo Conforti
- "Federico II" University Medical School of Naples, 80131 Napoli NA, Italy.
| | - Clara Balsano
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Life, Health & Environmental Sciences-MESVA, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila AQ, Italy.
| | - Domenico Capone
- Care Department of Public Health and Drug-Use, Section of Medical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Federico II" University, 80131 Naples NA, Italy.
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50
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Neupane R, Jin X, Sasaki T, Li X, Murohara T, Cheng XW. Immune Disorder in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease - Clinical Implications of Using Circulating T-Cell Subsets as Biomarkers. Circ J 2019; 83:1431-1438. [PMID: 31092769 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-19-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) is an inflammatory phenomenon that leads to structural abnormality in the vascular lumen due to the formation of atheroma by the deposition of lipid particles and inflammatory cytokines. There is a close interaction between innate immune cells (neutrophils, monocyte, macrophages, dendritic cells) and adaptive immune cells (T and B lymphocytes) in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. According to novel insights into the role of adaptive immunity in atherosclerosis, the activation of CD4+T cells in response to oxidized low-density lipoprotein-antigen initiates the formation and facilitates the propagation of atheroma, whereas CD8+T cells cause the rupture of a developed atheroma by their cytotoxic nature. Peripheral CD4+and CD8+T-cell counts were altered in patients with other cardiovascular risk factors. Furthermore, on evaluation of the feasibility of immune cells as a diagnostic tool, the blood CD4+(helper), CD8+(cytotoxic), and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+(regulatory) T cells and the ratio of CD4 to CD8 cells hold promise as biomarkers of coronary artery disease and their subtypes. T cells also could be a therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases. The goal of this review was therefore to summarize the available information regarding immune disorders in ACVD with a special focus on the clinical implications of circulating T-cell subsets as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Neupane
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Yanbian University Hospital
| | - Xiongjie Jin
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Yanbian University Hospital
| | - Takeshi Sasaki
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Yanbian University Hospital
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Xian Wu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Yanbian University Hospital.,Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
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