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Golino M, Harding D, Del Buono MG, Fanti S, Mohiddin S, Toldo S, Smyth J, Sanna T, Marelli-Berg F, Abbate A. Innate and adaptive immunity in acute myocarditis. Int J Cardiol 2024; 404:131901. [PMID: 38403204 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.131901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Acute myocarditis is an acute inflammatory cardiomyopathy associated with cardiac damage triggered by a virus or a pathological immune activation. It may present with a wide range of clinical presentations, ranging from mild symptoms to severe forms like fulminant myocarditis, characterized by hemodynamic compromise and cardiogenic shock. The immune system plays a central role in the pathogenesis of myocarditis. In fact, while its function is primarily protective, aberrant responses can be detrimental. In this context, both innate and adaptive immunity play pivotal roles; notably, the innate system offers a non-specific and immediate defense, while the adaptive provides specialized protection with immunological memory. However, dysregulation in these systems can misidentify cardiac tissue, triggering autoimmune reactions and possibly leading to significant cardiac tissue damage. This review highlights the importance of innate and adaptive immune responses in the progression and treatment of acute myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Golino
- Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America; Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Daniel Harding
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Giuseppe Del Buono
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Fanti
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Saidi Mohiddin
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom; Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Toldo
- Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - James Smyth
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carillion, Roanoke, VA, United States of America; Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, United States of America; Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Tommaso Sanna
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Marelli-Berg
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Antonio Abbate
- Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America.
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2
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Harding D, Fanti S, Marelli-Berg F. Tumour necrosis factor-α in cardiac inflammation: friend or foe? Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:1-2. [PMID: 38059906 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Harding
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London SMD, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Silvia Fanti
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London SMD, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Federica Marelli-Berg
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London SMD, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
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3
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Harding D, Marelli-Berg F. Interferon-gamma signs off an old heart. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:2387-2389. [PMID: 37883721 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Harding
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Federica Marelli-Berg
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
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4
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Rathod KS, Kapil V, Velmurugan S, Khambata RS, Siddique U, Khan S, Van Eijl S, Gee LC, Bansal J, Pitrola K, Shaw C, D'Acquisto F, Colas RA, Marelli-Berg F, Dalli J, Ahluwalia A. Accelerated resolution of inflammation underlies sex differences in inflammatory responses in humans. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:168068. [PMID: 36647837 PMCID: PMC9843040 DOI: 10.1172/jci168068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Harding D, Chong MHA, Lahoti N, Bigogno CM, Prema R, Mohiddin SA, Marelli-Berg F. Dilated cardiomyopathy and chronic cardiac inflammation: Pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy. J Intern Med 2023; 293:23-47. [PMID: 36030368 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is typically defined by left ventricular dilation and systolic dysfunction in the absence of a clear precipitant. Idiopathic disease is common; up to 50% of patients with DCM have no cause found despite imaging, genetic and biopsy assessments. Treatment remains focused on managing symptoms, reducing the risk of sudden cardiac death and ameliorating the structural and electrical complications of disease progression. In the absence of aetiology-specific treatments, the condition remains associated with a poor prognosis; mortality is approximately 40% at 10 years. The role of immune-mediated inflammatory injury in the development and progression of DCM was first proposed over 30 years ago. Despite the subsequent failures of three large clinical trials of immunosuppressive treatment (ATTACH, RENEWAL and the Myocarditis Treatment Trial), evidence for an abnormal adaptive immune response in DCM remains significant. In this review, we summarise and discuss available evidence supporting immune dysfunction in DCM, with a specific focus on cellular immunity. We also highlight current clinical and experimental treatments. We propose that the success of future immunosuppressive treatment trials in DCM will be dependent on the deep immunophenotyping of patients, to identify those with active inflammation and/or an abnormal immune response who are most likely to respond to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Harding
- Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Ming H A Chong
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Nishant Lahoti
- Conquest Hospital, East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, St Leonards-on-Sea, UK
| | - Carola M Bigogno
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Roshni Prema
- University Hospital, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
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6
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Chorlton J, Hollowood Z, Dyer C, Lockhart D, Boekman P, McCafferty K, Coffey P, Marelli-Berg F, Martin J. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre clinical trial of AZD1656 in diabetic patients hospitalised with COVID-19: The ARCADIA Trial - implications for therapeutic immune modulation. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 51:101604. [PMID: 35996565 PMCID: PMC9386394 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A potential immunotherapeutic role for AZD1656 (a glucokinase activator) in the treatment of COVID-19 was hypothesized. The ARCADIA trial investigated the safety and efficacy of AZD1656 in diabetic patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. METHODS The ARCADIA trial was a Phase II randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Adult diabetic patients, admitted with COVID-19, were recruited at 28 hospitals in the UK, Romania and Czech Republic and randomly assigned (1:1) to receive AZD1656 tablets (100mg twice a day), or matched placebo, for up to 21 days, in addition to usual care. All involved were masked to treatment allocation. The primary endpoint was clinical improvement measured at Day 14. The Full Analysis Set (FAS) included all patients who received at least one dose of assigned treatment. ARCADIA is complete and registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04516759). FINDINGS Between 29 September 2020 to 16 April 2021, 170 patients were screened and 156 patients were randomised, three of whom did not commence treatment. Of the remaining 153, 80 were assigned to AZD1656 and 73 were assigned to placebo and included in the Full Analysis Set (FAS). The primary analysis showed no statistically significant difference between groups (AZD1656: 76·3%; Placebo: 69·9%, p=0·19). There was no difference in the number of adverse events between groups (AZD1656: 35·7%; Placebo: 33·3%). Mortality was lower in the AZD1656 group compared to the placebo group (AZD1656: four (5%); Placebo: nine (12·3%), p=0·090)). At Day 7 there were zero deaths in the AZD1656 group compared to six deaths in the placebo group (p=0·011, post hoc). A difference between groups in time to hospital discharge was also seen (p=0·16). Immunophenotyping data suggested that AZD1656-treated patients had a less pro-inflammatory immune response and a better adaptive immune response than those treated with placebo. INTERPRETATION Although the trial did not achieve its primary endpoint, AZD1656 was associated with a decrease in deaths and a reduction in the duration of hospitalisation, as compared to Placebo. Immunophenotyping and immunochemistry indicated an immunomodulatory effect of AZD1656. The trial suggests a beneficial therapeutic effect of AZD1656 and identifies a new therapeutic concept: small molecule activation of endogenous homeostatic immune cells which themselves become the therapeutic agent within the body. Phase 2 trials of this size carry the risk of false positive results and confirmation of these results in a larger clinical trial is now required. FUNDING UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) 'Innovate UK' programme and Excalibur Medicines Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Chorlton
- St George Street Capital, (UK Registered charity No: 1171470), London, UK
| | - Zoe Hollowood
- St George Street Capital, (UK Registered charity No: 1171470), London, UK
| | - Carlene Dyer
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Donna Lockhart
- St George Street Capital, (UK Registered charity No: 1171470), London, UK
| | - Pascal Boekman
- St George Street Capital, (UK Registered charity No: 1171470), London, UK
| | | | - Pete Coffey
- St George Street Capital, (UK Registered charity No: 1171470), London, UK
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - John Martin
- St George Street Capital, (UK Registered charity No: 1171470), London, UK
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
- Corresponding author at: Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK.
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7
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Bonacina F, Moregola A, Coe D, Svecla M, Fraire S, Beretta G, Uboldi P, Catapano A, Marelli-Berg F, Norata G. The low-density lipoprotein receptor fuels the cellular cholesterol-mTORC1 axis required for CD8+ T cell activation. Atherosclerosis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.06.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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8
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Jangani M, Vuononvirta J, Yamani L, Ward E, Capasso M, Nadkarni S, Balkwill F, Marelli-Berg F. Loss of mTORC2-induced metabolic reprogramming in monocytes uncouples migration and maturation from production of proinflammatory mediators. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 111:967-980. [PMID: 34585416 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1a0920-588r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocyte migration to the sites of inflammation and maturation into macrophages are key steps for their immune effector function. Here, we show that mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2)-dependent Akt activation is instrumental for metabolic reprogramming at the early stages of macrophage-mediated immunity. Despite an increased production of proinflammatory mediators, monocytes lacking expression of the mTORC2 component Rictor fail to efficiently migrate to inflammatory sites and fully mature into macrophages, resulting in reduced inflammatory responses in vivo. The mTORC2-dependent phosphorylation of Akt is instrumental for the enhancement of glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration, required to sustain monocyte maturation and motility. These observations are discussed in the context of therapeutic strategies aimed at selective inhibition of mTORC2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Jangani
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Juho Vuononvirta
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Lamya Yamani
- Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Eleanor Ward
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Melania Capasso
- Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within the Helmholtz Association, Bonn, Germany
| | - Suchita Nadkarni
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Frances Balkwill
- Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Federica Marelli-Berg
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
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9
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Schiattarella GG, Alcaide P, Condorelli G, Gillette TG, Heymans S, Jones EAV, Kallikourdis M, Lichtman A, Marelli-Berg F, Shah S, Thorp EB, Hill JA. Immunometabolic Mechanisms of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Nat Cardiovasc Res 2022; 1:211-222. [PMID: 35755006 PMCID: PMC9229992 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00032-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is increasing in prevalence worldwide, already accounting for at least half of all heart failure (HF). As most patients with HFpEF are obese with metabolic syndrome, metabolic stress has been implicated in syndrome pathogenesis. Recently, compelling evidence for bidirectional crosstalk between metabolic stress and chronic inflammation has emerged, and alterations in systemic and cardiac immune responses are held to participate in HFpEF pathophysiology. Indeed, based on both preclinical and clinical evidence, comorbidity-driven systemic inflammation, coupled with metabolic stress, have been implicated together in HFpEF pathogenesis. As metabolic alterations impact immune function(s) in HFpEF, major changes in immune cell metabolism are also recognized in HFpEF and in HFpEF-predisposing conditions. Both arms of immunity - innate and adaptive - are implicated in the cardiomyocyte response in HFpEF. Indeed, we submit that crosstalk among adipose tissue, the immune system, and the heart represents a critical component of HFpEF pathobiology. Here, we review recent evidence in support of immunometabolic mechanisms as drivers of HFpEF pathogenesis, discuss pivotal biological mechanisms underlying the syndrome, and highlight questions requiring additional inquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele G. Schiattarella
- Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Translational Approaches in Heart Failure and Cardiometabolic Disease, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Pilar Alcaide
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gianluigi Condorelli
- Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, Italy,Cardio Center, Humanitas Research Hospital IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Thomas G. Gillette
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, Netherlands,Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elizabeth A. V. Jones
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, Netherlands,Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marinos Kallikourdis
- Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, Italy,Adaptive Immunity Lab, Humanitas Research Hospital IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Andrew Lichtman
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Federica Marelli-Berg
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sanjiv Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Edward B. Thorp
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Joseph A. Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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10
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Sheikh MH, Errede M, d'Amati A, Khan NQ, Fanti S, Loiola RA, McArthur S, Purvis GSD, O'Riordan CE, Ferorelli D, Dell'Erba A, Kieswich J, Reutelingsperger C, Maiorano E, Yaqoob M, Thiemermann C, Baragetti A, Catapano AL, Norata GD, Marelli-Berg F, Virgintino D, Solito E. Impact of metabolic disorders on the structural, functional, and immunological integrity of the blood-brain barrier: Therapeutic avenues. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22107. [PMID: 34939700 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101297r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence has linked the metabolic disease to neurovascular disorders and cognitive decline. Using a murine model of a high-fat high-sugar diet mimicking obesity-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in humans, we show that pro-inflammatory mediators and altered immune responses damage the blood-brain barrier (BBB) structure, triggering a proinflammatory metabolic phenotype. We find that disruption to tight junctions and basal lamina due to loss of control in the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs) causes BBB impairment. Together the disruption to the structural and functional integrity of the BBB results in enhanced transmigration of leukocytes across the BBB that could contribute to an initiation of a neuroinflammatory response through activation of microglia. Using a humanized in vitro model of the BBB and T2DM patient post-mortem brains, we show the translatable applicability of our results. We find a leaky BBB phenotype in T2DM patients can be attributed to a loss of junctional proteins through changes in inflammatory mediators and MMP/TIMP levels, resulting in increased leukocyte extravasation into the brain parenchyma. We further investigated therapeutic avenues to reduce and restore the BBB damage caused by HFHS-feeding. Pharmacological treatment with recombinant annexin A1 (hrANXA1) or reversion from a high-fat high-sugar diet to a control chow diet (dietary intervention), attenuated T2DM development, reduced inflammation, and restored BBB integrity in the animals. Given the rising incidence of diabetes worldwide, understanding metabolic-disease-associated brain microvessel damage is vital and the proposed therapeutic avenues could help alleviate the burden of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeeha H Sheikh
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mariella Errede
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio d'Amati
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari School of Medicine, Bari, Italy.,Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Anatomic Pathology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Noorafza Q Khan
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Silvia Fanti
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Rodrigo A Loiola
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique, Faculty Jean Perrin, EA 2465, Université d'Artois, Arras, France
| | - Simon McArthur
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Gareth S D Purvis
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Caroline E O'Riordan
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Davide Ferorelli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dell'Erba
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Julius Kieswich
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Chis Reutelingsperger
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Eugenio Maiorano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Anatomic Pathology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Magdi Yaqoob
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Christoph Thiemermann
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Andrea Baragetti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Milan University, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy
| | - Alberico Luigi Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Milan University, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Milan University, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy.,S.I.S.A. Centre for the Study of Atherosclerosis-Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - Federica Marelli-Berg
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Daniela Virgintino
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Egle Solito
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Department of Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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11
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Vinel C, Rosser G, Guglielmi L, Constantinou M, Pomella N, Zhang X, Boot JR, Jones TA, Millner TO, Dumas AA, Rakyan V, Rees J, Thompson JL, Vuononvirta J, Nadkarni S, El Assan T, Aley N, Lin YY, Liu P, Nelander S, Sheer D, Merry CLR, Marelli-Berg F, Brandner S, Marino S. Comparative epigenetic analysis of tumour initiating cells and syngeneic EPSC-derived neural stem cells in glioblastoma. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6130. [PMID: 34675201 PMCID: PMC8531305 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26297-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms which play an essential role in normal developmental processes, such as self-renewal and fate specification of neural stem cells (NSC) are also responsible for some of the changes in the glioblastoma (GBM) genome. Here we develop a strategy to compare the epigenetic and transcriptional make-up of primary GBM cells (GIC) with patient-matched expanded potential stem cell (EPSC)-derived NSC (iNSC). Using a comparative analysis of the transcriptome of syngeneic GIC/iNSC pairs, we identify a glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-mediated mechanism of recruitment of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in GBM. Integrated analysis of the transcriptome and DNA methylome of GBM cells identifies druggable target genes and patient-specific prediction of drug response in primary GIC cultures, which is validated in 3D and in vivo models. Taken together, we provide a proof of principle that this experimental pipeline has the potential to identify patient-specific disease mechanisms and druggable targets in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Vinel
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Gabriel Rosser
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Loredana Guglielmi
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Myrianni Constantinou
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Nicola Pomella
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - James R Boot
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Tania A Jones
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Thomas O Millner
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Anaelle A Dumas
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Vardhman Rakyan
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Jeremy Rees
- Division of Neuropathology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Jamie L Thompson
- Stem Cell Glycobiology Group, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Juho Vuononvirta
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Suchita Nadkarni
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Tedani El Assan
- Division of Neuropathology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Natasha Aley
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Yung-Yao Lin
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
- Stem Cell Laboratory, National Bowel Research Centre, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 2 Newark Street, London, UK
| | - Pentao Liu
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sven Nelander
- Department of Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Denise Sheer
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Catherine L R Merry
- Stem Cell Glycobiology Group, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Federica Marelli-Berg
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Sebastian Brandner
- Division of Neuropathology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Square, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Silvia Marino
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK.
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12
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Trevelin SC, Zampetaki A, Sawyer G, Ivetic A, Brewer AC, Smyth LA, Marelli-Berg F, Köchl R, Lechler RI, Shah AM, Lombardi G. Nox2-deficient Tregs improve heart transplant outcomes via their increased graft recruitment and enhanced potency. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e149301. [PMID: 34375309 PMCID: PMC8492330 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.149301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nox2 is a ROS-generating enzyme, deficiency of which increases suppression by Tregs in vitro and in an in vivo model of cardiac remodeling. As Tregs have emerged as a candidate therapy in autoimmunity and transplantation, we hypothesized that Nox2 deficiency in Tregs in recipient mice may improve outcomes in a heart transplant model. We generated a potentially novel B6129 mouse model with Treg-targeted Nox2 deletion (Nox2fl/flFoxP3Cre+ mice) and transplanted with hearts from CB6F1 donors. As compared with those of littermate controls, Nox2fl/flFoxP3Cre+ mice had lower plasma levels of alloantibodies and troponin-I, reduced levels of IFN-γ in heart allograft homogenates, and diminished cardiomyocyte necrosis and allograft fibrosis. Single-cell analyses of allografts revealed higher absolute numbers of Tregs and lower CD8+ T cell infiltration in Nox2-deficient recipients compared with Nox2-replete mice. Mechanistically, in addition to a greater suppression of CD8+CD25- T effector cell proliferation and IFN-γ production, Nox2-deficient Tregs expressed higher levels of CCR4 and CCR8, driving cell migration to allografts; this was associated with increased expression of miR-214-3p. These data indicate that Nox2 deletion in Tregs enhances their suppressive ability and migration to heart allografts. Therefore, Nox2 inhibition in Tregs may be a useful approach to improve their therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia C. Trevelin
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, United Kingdom.,King’s College London, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Zampetaki
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Greta Sawyer
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aleksandar Ivetic
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alison C. Brewer
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley Ann Smyth
- University of East London, Health Sports Bioscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - Federica Marelli-Berg
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Köchl
- King’s College London, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert I. Lechler
- King’s College London, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ajay M. Shah
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanna Lombardi
- King’s College London, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Bonacina F, Moregola A, Coe D, Svecla M, Beretta G, Uboldi P, Pellegatta F, Catapano A, Marelli-Berg F, Norata D. The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) is an immune-metabolic checkpoint during CD8 T Lymphocytes activation. Atherosclerosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Bonacina F, Moregola A, Coe D, Pellegatta F, Catapano A, Marelli-Berg F, Norata D. The low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) is crucial for the activation of CD8+ TCELLS. Atherosclerosis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.10.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Wood EG, Macdougall CE, Blythe H, Clément M, Colas RA, Dalli J, Marelli-Berg F, Longhi MP. HIF1α activation in dendritic cells under sterile conditions promotes an anti-inflammatory phenotype through accumulation of intracellular lipids. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20825. [PMID: 33257753 PMCID: PMC7705732 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77793-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is among the leading causes of elevated cardiovascular disease mortality and morbidity. Adipose tissue dysfunction, insulin resistance and inflammation are recognized as important risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disorders in obesity. Hypoxia appears to be a key factor in adipose tissue dysfunction affecting not only adipocytes but also immune cell function. Here we examined the effect of hypoxia-induced transcription factor HIF1α activation on classical dendritic cell (cDCs) function during obesity. We found that deletion of Hif1α on cDCs results in enhanced adipose-tissue inflammation and atherosclerotic plaque formation in a mouse model of obesity. This effect is mediated by HIF1α-mediated increased lipid synthesis, accumulation of lipid droplets and alter synthesis of lipid mediators. Our findings demonstrate that HIF1α activation in cDCs is necessary to control vessel wall inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Wood
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Claire E Macdougall
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Hazel Blythe
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Marc Clément
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Hôpital Bichat, 46 rue Henri Huchard, 75018, Paris Cedex, France
| | - Romain A Colas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Federica Marelli-Berg
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - M Paula Longhi
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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16
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Protonotarios A, Marelli-Berg F. Towards precision disease-modelling in experimental myocarditis. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:1656-1657. [PMID: 32167527 PMCID: PMC7380721 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Protonotarios
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6AG, UK,Inherited Cardiovascular Disease Unit, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, West Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Federica Marelli-Berg
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK,Centre for inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK, Corresponding author. Tel: +44 20 3831704; fax: +44 20 3832788, E-mail:
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17
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Protonotarios A, Marelli-Berg F. Influenza-associated cardiac injury: a disease of the cardiac conduction system? Cardiovasc Res 2020; 117:643-644. [PMID: 32556092 PMCID: PMC7898940 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Protonotarios
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK,Inherited Cardiovascular Disease Unit, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - Federica Marelli-Berg
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK,Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK,Corresponding author. Tel: +44 20 3831704; fax: +44 20 3832788, E-mail:
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18
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Goldberg R, Scotta C, Cooper D, Nissim-Eliraz E, Nir E, Tasker S, Irving PM, Sanderson J, Lavender P, Ibrahim F, Corcoran J, Prevost T, Shpigel NY, Marelli-Berg F, Lombardi G, Lord GM. Correction of Defective T-Regulatory Cells From Patients With Crohn's Disease by Ex Vivo Ligation of Retinoic Acid Receptor-α. Gastroenterology 2019; 156:1775-1787. [PMID: 30710527 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Crohn's disease (CD) is characterized by an imbalance of effector and regulatory T cells in the intestinal mucosa. The efficacy of anti-adhesion therapies led us to investigate whether impaired trafficking of T-regulatory (Treg) cells contributes to the pathogenesis of CD. We also investigated whether proper function could be restored to Treg cells by ex vivo expansion in the presence of factors that activate their regulatory activities. METHODS We measured levels of the integrin α4β7 on Treg cells isolated from peripheral blood or lamina propria of patients with CD and healthy individuals (controls). Treg cells were expanded ex vivo and incubated with rapamycin with or without agonists of the retinoic acid receptor-α (RARA), and their gene expression profiles were analyzed. We also studied the cells in cytokine challenge, suppression, and flow chamber assays and in SCID mice with human intestinal xenografts. RESULTS We found that Treg cells from patients with CD express lower levels of the integrin α4β7 than Treg cells from control patients. The pathway that regulates the expression of integrin subunit α is induced by retinoic acid (RA). Treg cells from patients with CD incubated with rapamycin and an agonist of RARA (RAR568) expressed high levels of integrin α4β7, as well as CD62L and FOXP3, compared with cells incubated with rapamycin or rapamycin and all-trans retinoic acid. These Treg cells had increased suppressive activities in assays and migrated under conditions of shear flow; they did not produce inflammatory cytokines, and RAR568 had no effect on cell stability or lineage commitment. Fluorescently labeled Treg cells incubated with RAR568 were significantly more likely to traffic to intestinal xenografts than Treg cells expanded in control medium. CONCLUSIONS Treg cells from patients with CD express lower levels of the integrin α4β7 than Treg cells from control patients. Incubation of patients' ex vivo expanded Treg cells with rapamycin and an RARA agonist induced expression of α4β7 and had suppressive and migratory activities in culture and in intestinal xenografts in mice. These cells might be developed for treatment of CD. ClinicalTrials.gov, Number: NCT03185000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimma Goldberg
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Cristiano Scotta
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Dianne Cooper
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Einat Nissim-Eliraz
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eilam Nir
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Scott Tasker
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Peter M Irving
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jeremy Sanderson
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Paul Lavender
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Fowzia Ibrahim
- Department of Rheumatology, King's College London School of Medicine, Weston Education Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Corcoran
- Wolfson Centre for Age Related Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Toby Prevost
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nahum Y Shpigel
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Giovanna Lombardi
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Graham M Lord
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust and King's College London, London, UK.
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19
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Macdougall CE, Wood EG, Loschko J, Scagliotti V, Cassidy FC, Robinson ME, Feldhahn N, Castellano L, Voisin MB, Marelli-Berg F, Gaston-Massuet C, Charalambous M, Longhi MP. Visceral Adipose Tissue Immune Homeostasis Is Regulated by the Crosstalk between Adipocytes and Dendritic Cell Subsets. Cell Metab 2018; 27. [PMID: 29514067 PMCID: PMC5846800 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) has multiple roles in orchestrating whole-body energy homeostasis. In addition, VAT is now considered an immune site harboring an array of innate and adaptive immune cells with a direct role in immune surveillance and host defense. We report that conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) in VAT acquire a tolerogenic phenotype through upregulation of pathways involved in adipocyte differentiation. While activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in cDC1 DCs induces IL-10 production, upregulation of the PPARγ pathway in cDC2 DCs directly suppresses their activation. Combined, they promote an anti-inflammatory milieu in vivo delaying the onset of obesity-induced chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. Under long-term over-nutrition, changes in adipocyte biology curtail β-catenin and PPARγ activation, contributing to VAT inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Macdougall
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts, and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Elizabeth G Wood
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts, and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jakob Loschko
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Valeria Scagliotti
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts, and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Féaron C Cassidy
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts, and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Mark E Robinson
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, UK; Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Niklas Feldhahn
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, UK
| | - Leandro Castellano
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mathieu-Benoit Voisin
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts, and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Federica Marelli-Berg
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts, and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Carles Gaston-Massuet
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts, and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Marika Charalambous
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts, and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - M Paula Longhi
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts, and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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20
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Bonacina F, Coe D, Wang G, Baragetti A, Pellegatta F, Grigore L, Catapano AL, Marelli-Berg F, Norata GD. Apolipoprotein E orchestrates T Naïve to T Effector memory cell polarization by modulating the crosstalk between systemic and immune cells lipid metabolism. Atherosclerosis 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.06.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Rathod KS, Kapil V, Velmurugan S, Khambata RS, Siddique U, Khan S, Van Eijl S, Gee LC, Bansal J, Pitrola K, Shaw C, D’Acquisto F, Colas RA, Marelli-Berg F, Dalli J, Ahluwalia A. Accelerated resolution of inflammation underlies sex differences in inflammatory responses in humans. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:169-182. [PMID: 27893465 PMCID: PMC5199722 DOI: 10.1172/jci89429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease occurs at lower incidence in premenopausal females compared with age-matched males. This variation may be linked to sex differences in inflammation. We prospectively investigated whether inflammation and components of the inflammatory response are altered in females compared with males. METHODS We performed 2 clinical studies in healthy volunteers. In 12 men and 12 women, we assessed systemic inflammatory markers and vascular function using brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD). In a further 8 volunteers of each sex, we assessed FMD response to glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) at baseline and at 8 hours and 32 hours after typhoid vaccine. In a separate study in 16 men and 16 women, we measured inflammatory exudate mediators and cellular recruitment in cantharidin-induced skin blisters at 24 and 72 hours. RESULTS Typhoid vaccine induced mild systemic inflammation at 8 hours, reflected by increased white cell count in both sexes. Although neutrophil numbers at baseline and 8 hours were greater in females, the neutrophils were less activated. Systemic inflammation caused a decrease in FMD in males, but an increase in females, at 8 hours. In contrast, GTN response was not altered in either sex after vaccine. At 24 hours, cantharidin formed blisters of similar volume in both sexes; however, at 72 hours, blisters had only resolved in females. Monocyte and leukocyte counts were reduced, and the activation state of all major leukocytes was lower, in blisters of females. This was associated with enhanced levels of the resolving lipids, particularly D-resolvin. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that female sex protects against systemic inflammation-induced endothelial dysfunction. This effect is likely due to accelerated resolution of inflammation compared with males, specifically via neutrophils, mediated by an elevation of the D-resolvin pathway. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01582321 and NRES: City Road and Hampstead Ethics Committee: 11/LO/2038. FUNDING The authors were funded by multiple sources, including the National Institute for Health Research, the British Heart Foundation, and the European Research Council.
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Abstract
Effective immunity requires appropriate recirculation of naïve T cells through secondary lymphoid organs and migration of antigen-specific T cells to sites of inflammation. Leukocyte migration is a highly regulated process requiring specific interactions between leukocytes and endothelial cells (EC) termed collectively as the leukocyte adhesion cascade. Recruitment and retention of activated T cells to antigen-rich sites of inflammation is a key event in the immune response, which relies in part on local antigen presentation particularly by EC of inflamed vessels. Here we describe methods to assess the contributions of different molecules on antigen-dependent T cell migration, by utilizing IFN-γ to upregulate MHC molecules on EC and local antigen presentation, both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Jayne Ward
- William Harvey Research Institute-Heart Centre Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Hongmei Fu
- William Harvey Research Institute-Heart Centre Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Federica Marelli-Berg
- William Harvey Research Institute-Heart Centre Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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23
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Mauro C, De Rosa V, Marelli-Berg F, Solito E. Metabolic syndrome and the immunological affair with the blood-brain barrier. Front Immunol 2015; 5:677. [PMID: 25601869 PMCID: PMC4283608 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies reveal an increased incidence of obesity worldwide, which is associated with increased prevalence and severity of cognitive disorders. The blood–brain barrier (BBB) represents the interface between the peripheral circulation and the brain, and plays a fundamental role in the cross-talk between these two compartments. The homeostatic function of the BBB is the protection of the brain from peripheral insult/inflammation. Alterations in the function of the BBB lead to pathologies of the central nervous system. Recently, metabolic imbalance has been shown to be an important risk factor associated with the decline of BBB integrity and function. This has direct etiological consequences on a variety of cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative pathologies with great impact to society. Priority areas for future preclinical research include strategies to improve clinicians’ ability to diagnose, prevent, and manage BBB abnormalities. In sharp contrast with epidemiological studies and clinical needs, little is known about the mechanisms that link metabolic syndrome to BBB functionality and cognitive disorders. Our view is that immune responses caused by metabolic stress might play a major role in this conundrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Mauro
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London , London , UK
| | - Veronica De Rosa
- Istituto Per L'Endocrinologia e L'Oncologia Sperimentale "G.Salvatore" - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR) , Naples , Italy
| | - Federica Marelli-Berg
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London , London , UK
| | - Egle Solito
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London , London , UK
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24
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Hondares E, Brown M, Musset B, Morgan D, Cherny VV, Taubert C, Bhamrah MK, Coe D, Marelli-Berg F, Gribben JG, Dyer MJ, Capasso M, DeCoursey TE. Enhanced Activation of an Amino-Terminally Truncated Isoform of Voltage-Gated Proton Channel HVCN1 Enriched in Malignant B cells. Biophys J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.11.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Abstract
It is now well established that the effector T cell (Teff) response is regulated by a series of metabolic switches. Quiescent T cells predominantly require adenosine triphosphate-generating processes, whereas proliferating Teff require high metabolic flux through growth-promoting pathways, such as glycolysis. Pathways that control metabolism and immune cell function are intimately linked, and changes in cell metabolism at both the cell and system levels have been shown to enhance or suppress specific T cell effector functions. Furthermore, functionally distinct T cell subsets require distinct energetic and biosynthetic pathways to support their specific functional needs. In particular, naturally occurring regulatory T cells (Treg) are characterized by a unique metabolic signature distinct to that of conventional Teff cells. We here briefly review the signaling pathways that control Treg metabolism and how this metabolic phenotype integrates their differentiation and function. Ultimately, these metabolic features may provide new opportunities for the therapeutic modulation of unwanted immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- David John Coe
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University , London , UK
| | - Madhav Kishore
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University , London , UK
| | - Federica Marelli-Berg
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University , London , UK
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Nicolaou A, Mauro C, Urquhart P, Marelli-Berg F. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid-derived lipid mediators and T cell function. Front Immunol 2014; 5:75. [PMID: 24611066 PMCID: PMC3933826 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids are involved in T cell biology both as nutrients important for energy production as well as signaling molecules. In particular, polyunsaturated fatty acids are known to exhibit a range of immunomodulatory properties that progress through T cell mediated events, although the molecular mechanisms of these actions have not yet been fully elucidated. Some of these immune activities are linked to polyunsaturated fatty acid-induced alteration of the composition of cellular membranes and the consequent changes in signaling pathways linked to membrane raft-associated proteins. However, significant aspects of the polyunsaturated fatty acid bioactivities are mediated through their transformation to specific lipid mediators, products of cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, or cytochrome P450 enzymatic reactions. Resulting bioactive metabolites including prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and endocannabinoids are produced by and/or act upon T leukocytes through cell surface receptors and have been shown to alter T cell activation and differentiation, proliferation, cytokine production, motility, and homing events. Detailed appreciation of the mode of action of these lipids presents opportunities for the design and development of therapeutic strategies aimed at regulating T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nicolaou
- Manchester Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
| | - Claudio Mauro
- Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London , London , UK
| | - Paula Urquhart
- Manchester Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
| | - Federica Marelli-Berg
- Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London , London , UK
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Haas R, Marelli-Berg F, Mauro C. In the eye of the storm: T cell behavior in the inflammatory microenvironment. Am J Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 2:146-155. [PMID: 23885332 PMCID: PMC3714175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Coordinated unfolding of innate and adaptive immunity is key to the development of protective immune responses. This functional integration occurs within the inflamed tissue, a microenvironment enriched with factors released by innate and subsequently adaptive immune cells and the injured tissue itself. T lymphocytes are key players in the ensuing adaptive immunity and their proper function is instrumental to a successful outcome of immune protection. The site of inflammation is a "harsh" environment in which T cells are exposed to numerous factors that might influence their behavior. Low pH and oxygen concentration, high lactate and organic acid content as well as free fatty acids and reactive oxygen species are found in the inflammatory microenvironment. All these components affect T cells as well as other immune cells during the immune response and impact on the development of chronic inflammation. We here overview the effects of a number of factors present in the inflammatory microenvironment on T cell function and migration and discuss the potential relevance of these components as targets for therapeutic intervention in autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Haas
- Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
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Abstract
Coordinated migratory events are required for the development of effective and regulated immunity. Naïve T lymphocytes are programmed to recirculate predominantly in secondary lymphoid tissue by non-specific stimuli. In contrast, primed T cells must identify specific sites of antigen location in non-lymphoid tissue to exert targeted effector responses. Following priming, T cells acquire the ability to establish molecular interactions mediated by tissue-selective adhesion and chemokine receptors (homing receptors) that facilitate their access to specific organs. Recent studies have shown that an additional level of homing specificity is provided by the induction of T cell migration into the tissue by recognition of antigen displayed by the endothelium. In addition, co-stimulatory signals have been recently shown not only to regulate T cell activation and differentiation, but also to orchestrate the anatomy of the ensuing T cell response. Similarly, the characterization of migratory patterns by regulatory T cells has been the subject of many recent studies. Here, we provide an overview of key concepts, which have contribute to unraveling the complex anatomy of T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Fu
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
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Harris SJ, Parry RV, Foster JG, Blunt MD, Wang A, Marelli-Berg F, Westwick J, Ward SG. Evidence That the Lipid Phosphatase SHIP-1 Regulates T Lymphocyte Morphology and Motility. J I 2011; 186:4936-45. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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30
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Zhang Z, Gorman CL, Vermi AC, Monaco C, Foey A, Owen S, Amjadi P, Vallance A, McClinton C, Marelli-Berg F, Isomäki P, Russell A, Dazzi F, Vyse TJ, Brennan FM, Cope AP. TCRzetadim lymphocytes define populations of circulating effector cells that migrate to inflamed tissues. Blood 2007; 109:4328-35. [PMID: 17255353 PMCID: PMC1939810 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-12-064170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The T-cell receptor ζ (TCRζ) chain is a master sensor and regulator of lymphocyte responses. Loss of TCRζ expression has been documented in infectious, inflammatory, and malignant diseases, suggesting that it may serve to limit T-cell reactivity and effector responses at sites of tissue damage. These observations prompted us to explore the relationship between TCRζ expression and effector function in T cells. We report here that TCRζdim lymphocytes are enriched for antigen-experienced cells refractory to TCR-induced proliferation. Compared to their TCRζbright counterparts, TCRζdim cells share characteristics of differentiated effector T cells but use accessory pathways for transducing signals for inflammatory cytokine gene expression and cell contact-dependent pathways to activate monocytes. TCRζdim T cells accumulate in inflamed tissues in vivo and have intrinsic migratory activity in vitro. Whilst blocking leukocyte trafficking with anti-TNF therapy in vivo is associated with the accumulation of TCRζdim T cells in peripheral blood, this T-cell subset retains the capacity to migrate in vitro. Taken together, the functional properties of TCRζdim T cells make them promising cellular targets for the treatment of chronic inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoli Zhang
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Hammersmith, London, United Kingdom
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31
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Gordon MY, Levicar N, Pai M, Bachellier P, Dimarakis I, Al-Allaf F, M'Hamdi H, Thalji T, Welsh JP, Marley SB, Davies J, Dazzi F, Marelli-Berg F, Tait P, Playford R, Jiao L, Jensen S, Nicholls JP, Ayav A, Nohandani M, Farzaneh F, Gaken J, Dodge R, Alison M, Apperley JF, Lechler R, Habib NA. Characterization and clinical application of human CD34+ stem/progenitor cell populations mobilized into the blood by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Stem Cells 2006; 24:1822-30. [PMID: 16556705 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2005-0629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A phase I study was performed to determine the safety and tolerability of injecting autologous CD34(+) cells into five patients with liver insufficiency. The study was based on the hypothesis that the CD34(+) cell population in granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-mobilized blood contains a subpopulation of cells with the potential for regenerating damaged tissue. We separated a candidate CD34(+) stem cell population from the majority of the CD34(+) cells (99%) by adherence to tissue culture plastic. The adherent and nonadherent CD34(+) cells were distinct in morphology, immunophenotype, and gene expression profile. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-based gene expression analysis indicated that the adherent CD34(+) cells had the potential to express determinants consistent with liver, pancreas, heart, muscle, and nerve cell differentiation as well as hematopoiesis. Overall, the characteristics of the adherent CD34(+) cells identify them as a separate putative stem/progenitor cell population. In culture, they produced a population of cells exhibiting diverse morphologies and expressing genes corresponding to multiple tissue types. Encouraged by this evidence that the CD34(+) cell population contains cells with the potential to form hepatocyte-like cells, we gave G-CSF to five patients with liver insufficiency to mobilize their stem cells for collection by leukapheresis. Between 1 x 10(6) and 2 x 10(8) CD34(+) cells were injected into the portal vein (three patients) or hepatic artery (two patients). No complications or specific side effects related to the procedure were observed. Three of the five patients showed improvement in serum bilirubin and four of five in serum albumin. These observations warrant further clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrtle Y Gordon
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, UK
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32
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Dong R, Cwynarski K, Entwistle A, Marelli-Berg F, Dazzi F, Simpson E, Goldman JM, Melo JV, Lechler RI, Bellantuono I, Ridley A, Lombardi G. Dendritic cells from CML patients have altered actin organization, reduced antigen processing, and impaired migration. Blood 2003; 101:3560-7. [PMID: 12506035 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-06-1841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by expression of the BCR-ABL fusion gene that encodes a 210-kDa protein, which is a constitutively active tyrosine kinase. At least 70% of the oncoprotein is localized to the cytoskeleton, and several of the most prominent tyrosine kinase substrates for p210(BCR-ABL) are cytoskeletal proteins. Dendritic cells (DCs) are bone marrow-derived antigen-presenting cells responsible for the initiation of immune responses. In CML patients, up to 98% of myeloid DCs generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells are BCR-ABL positive. In this study we have compared the morphology and behavior of myeloid DCs derived from CML patients with control DCs from healthy individuals. We show that the actin cytoskeleton and shape of CML-DCs of myeloid origin adherent to fibronectin differ significantly from those of normal DCs. CML-DCs are also defective in processing and presentation of exogenous antigens such as tetanus toxoid. The antigen-processing defect may be a consequence of the reduced capacity of CML-DCs to capture antigen via macropinocytosis or via mannose receptors when compared with DCs generated from healthy individuals. Furthermore, chemokine-induced migration of CML-DCs in vitro was significantly reduced. These observations cannot be explained by a difference in the maturation status of CML and normal DCs, because phenotypic analysis by flow cytometry showed a similar surface expression of maturation makers. Taken together, these results suggest that the defects in antigen processing and migration we have observed in CML-DCs may be related to underlying cytoskeletal changes induced by the p210(BCR-ABL) fusion protein.
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MESH Headings
- Actin Cytoskeleton/ultrastructure
- Actins/analysis
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Antigen Presentation
- Cell Adhesion
- Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured/immunology
- Cells, Cultured/pathology
- Chemotaxis
- Cytoskeleton/ultrastructure
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/pathology
- Endocytosis
- Fibronectins
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Lectins, C-Type
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/immunology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Mannose Receptor
- Mannose-Binding Lectins
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Monocytes/drug effects
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Pinocytosis
- Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Tetanus Toxoid/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Dong
- Department of Immunology, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College at Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
The discovery that T-cell recognition of antigen can have distinct outcomes has advanced understanding of peripheral T-cell tolerance, and opened up new possibilities in immunotherapy. Anergy is one such outcome, and results from partial T-cell activation. This can arise either due to subtle alteration of the antigen, leading to a lower-affinity cognate interaction, or due to a lack of adequate co-stimulation. The signalling defects in anergic T cells are partially defined, and suggest that T-cell receptor (TCR) proximal, as well as downstream defects negatively regulate the anergic T cell's ability to be activated. Most importantly, the use of TCR-transgenic mice has provided compelling evidence that anergy is an in vivo phenomenon, and not merely an in vitro artefact. These findings raise the question as to whether anergic T cells have any biological function. Studies in rodents and in man suggest that anergic T cells acquire regulatory properties; the regulatory effects of anergic T cells require cell to cell contact, and appear to be mediated by inhibition of antigen-presenting cell immunogenicity. Close similarities exist between anergic T cells, and the recently defined CD4+ CD25+ population of spontaneously arising regulatory cells that serve to inhibit autoimmunity in mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that a spectrum of regulatory T cells exists. At one end of the spectrum are cells, such as anergic and CD4+ CD25+ T cells, which regulate via cell-to-cell contact. At the other end of the spectrum are cells which secrete antiinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 10 and transforming growth factor-beta. The challenge is to devise strategies that reliably induce T-cell anergy in vivo, as a means of inhibiting immunity to allo- and autoantigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lechler
- Department of Immunology, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN,UK.
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lechler
- Department of Immunology, Imperial College School of Medicine, London, UK.
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35
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Frasca L, Amendola A, Hornick P, Brookes P, Aichinger G, Marelli-Berg F, Lechler RI, Lombardi G. Role of donor and recipient antigen-presenting cells in priming and maintaining T cells with indirect allospecificity. Transplantation 1998; 66:1238-43. [PMID: 9825823 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199811150-00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that the sensitization of recipient T lymphocytes against peptides derived from allogeneic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens in the context of self-MHC molecules may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic allograft rejection. The purpose of this study was to quantitate and characterize the indirect alloresponse in renal transplantation. METHODS An HLA-A2-negative patient whose A2-positive kidney transplant failed as a result of chronic rejection was selected for this study. T-cell clones were raised using a cocktail of peptides corresponding to polymorphic regions of the A2 sequence and studied by measuring their proliferation using [3H]thymidine incorporation. The presence in vivo of HLA-A2-specific T cells was assessed using limiting dilution analysis. RESULTS T-cell clones were specific for a single peptide of HLA-A2, residues 92-120, and restricted by HLA-DRB1*1502. The frequency of interleukin-2-secreting T cells specific for this A2 peptide was 1:86,000, only 2-fold lower than that measured against the recall antigen tetanus toxoid. Capitalizing on the similarity of the donor and recipient DR15 alleles (DRB1*1501 and 1502), the question was addressed as to how these T cells had been primed in vivo. Although the large majority of clones responded to A2 synthetic peptide presented by both DR15 alleles, only 3 of 10 clones responded to cells co-expressing DRB1*1501 and A2. CONCLUSION These data suggest that antigen presentation by recipient APCs is responsible for maintaining T cells with indirect allospecificity in vivo and that, in the context of partial DR matching, indirect presentation by the parenchymal cells of the graft may serve to induce tolerance in T cells with indirect allospecificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Frasca
- Department of Immunology, ICSM, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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36
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Metcalfe RA, McIntosh RS, Marelli-Berg F, Lombardi G, Lechler R, Weetman AP. Detection of CD40 on human thyroid follicular cells: analysis of expression and function. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83:1268-74. [PMID: 9543155 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.83.4.4732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid follicular cells (TFC) are a common target of autoimmune attack, but the role they play in inciting and maintaining this attack is unclear. TFC express cytokines, adhesion molecules, and class I and II major histocompatibility complex molecules, but without additional signals that costimulate T cells, they may down-regulate, rather than stimulate, T cell function. In this report, we have investigated whether TFC can express the CD40 molecule, which plays a crucial role in the reciprocal two-way communication between T and B cells. We have shown by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry that CD40 is expressed by TFC in vivo and in vitro in both autoimmune and nonautoimmune glands. CD40 expression was up-regulated by interleukin-1alpha and interferon-gamma, but not by TSH. Although there was no significant effect of CD40 ligation on cAMP synthesis or [3H]thymidine incorporation, there was a significant increase in interleukin-6 release by TFC. Thus, although TFC do not express members of the B7 family of T cell costimulators, they do express CD40, indicating the possibility of mutually stimulatory T cell-TFC interaction. This has important implications, both for TFC synthesis of immunological mediators and for the biasing of T cell behavior toward a T helper 2-type phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Metcalfe
- Department of Medicine, University of Sheffield, Clinical Sciences Center, Northern General Hospital, United Kingdom
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37
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Frasca L, Marelli-Berg F, Imami N, Potolicchio I, Carmichael P, Lombardi G, Lechler R. Interferon-gamma-treated renal tubular epithelial cells induce allospecific tolerance. Kidney Int 1998; 53:679-89. [PMID: 9507214 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.1998.00800.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Following organ transplantation, tissue parenchymal cells commonly express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules as a result of local cytokine release, and thus acquire the capacity to present donor MHC alloantigens to alloreactive CD4+ T cells. The consequences of such a presentation are likely to be relevant in the induction of tolerance to the transplanted tissues, and this has been reported in animal models of transplantation and in humans. In this study, the consequences of antigen presentation by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-treated human renal tubular epithelial cells (RTEC) to resting and activated CD4+ T cells were investigated. Allogeneic RTEC were unable to stimulate proliferation by peripheral blood CD45 RA+ or RO+ CD4+ T cells from three HLA-mismatched responders. The response to RTEC was partially reconstituted by the addition of murine L cell transfectants expressing human B7.1 (DAP.3-B7), suggesting that the failure of RTEC to stimulate a primary alloresponse was due, at least in part, to a lack of costimulation. T cell clones dependent on B7-mediated co-stimulation also did not respond to peptide presented by RTEC. Most importantly, this lack of reactivity was accompanied by the induction of nonresponsiveness. Incubation with allogeneic, DR-expressing RTEC induced allospecific hyporesponsiveness in both CD45RA+ and RO+ cells. Similarly, overnight incubation with antigen-pulsed RTEC induced nonresponsiveness in the B7-dependent T cell clones. These results suggest that MHC class II expression on RTEC may contribute to the induction of an allospecific nonresponsiveness following organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Frasca
- Department of Immunology, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London, England, United Kingdom
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38
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Lombardi G, Arnold K, Uren J, Marelli-Berg F, Hargreaves R, Imami N, Weetman A, Lechler R. Antigen presentation by interferon-gamma-treated thyroid follicular cells inhibits interleukin-2 (IL-2) and supports IL-4 production by B7-dependent human T cells. Eur J Immunol 1997; 27:62-71. [PMID: 9021999 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830270110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The consequence of recognition of antigen on antigen-presenting cells that are induced to express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules following an inflammatory process is still not clear. In this study, we have investigated the outcome of antigen presentation by epithelial cells and we have used as a model thyroid follicular cells (TFC) that are known to express MHC class II molecules in autoimmune thyroid diseases and acquire the capacity to present autoantigens to T cells infiltrating the thyroid gland. The result show that MHC class II-expressing TFC were unable to stimulate a primary T cell alloresponse, using CD4+ T cells from three HLA-mismatched responders. Phenotypic analysis showed that TFC, after incubation with interferon-gamma, do not express the costimulatory molecules B7-1 (CD80) and -2 (CD86). Addition of murine DAP.3 cells expressing human B7-1 (DAP.3-B7) to cultures containing peripheral blood CD4+ T cells and DR1-expressing TFC led to a proliferative response, suggesting that the failure of TFC to stimulate a primary alloresponse was due to a lack of co-stimulation. Similarly, HLA-DR-restricted, influenza-specific T cell clones dependent on B7 for co-stimulation did not respond to peptide presented by TFC; again the lack of response could be overcome by co-culture of TFC with DAP.3-B7. Furthermore, recognition of antigen on TFC inhibited interleukin-2 (IL-2) production in the B7-dependent T cells. In contrast, in T helper type 0 (Th0) T cells, IL-4 release was not affected by TFC presentation. In addition, antigen presentation by TFC favored IL-4 production relative to IL-2 production by B7-independent Th0 clones. These results suggest that antigen presentation by MHC class II+ TFC may induce tolerance in autoreactive Th1 cells but may simultaneously favors a Th2 response in uncommitted T cells, and thereby support autoantibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lombardi
- Department of Immunology, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London, GB.
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