1
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Zhang Z, Anang S, Nguyen HT, Fritschi C, Smith AB, Sodroski JG. Membrane HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins stabilized more strongly in a pretriggered conformation than natural virus Envs. iScience 2024; 27:110141. [PMID: 38979012 PMCID: PMC11228805 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The pretriggered conformation of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer ((gp120/gp41)3) is targeted by virus entry inhibitors and broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). The lability of pretriggered Env has hindered its characterization. Here, we produce membrane Env variants progressively stabilized in pretriggered conformations, in some cases to a degree beyond that found in natural HIV-1 strains. Pretriggered Env stability correlated with stronger trimer subunit association, increased virus sensitivity to bNAb neutralization, and decreased capacity to mediate cell-cell fusion and virus entry. For some highly stabilized Env mutants, after virus-host cell engagement, the normally inaccessible gp120 V3 region on an Env intermediate became targetable by otherwise poorly neutralizing antibodies. Thus, evolutionary pressure on HIV-1 Env to maintain trimer integrity, responsiveness to the CD4 receptor, and resistance to antibodies modulates pretriggered Env stability. The strongly stabilized pretriggered membrane Envs reported here will facilitate further characterization of this functionally important conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Zhang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Saumya Anang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hanh T Nguyen
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christopher Fritschi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amos B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joseph G Sodroski
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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2
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Zhang P, Gorman J, Tsybovsky Y, Lu M, Liu Q, Gopan V, Singh M, Lin Y, Miao H, Seo Y, Kwon A, Olia AS, Chuang GY, Geng H, Lai YT, Zhou T, Mascola JR, Mothes W, Kwong PD, Lusso P. Design of soluble HIV-1 envelope trimers free of covalent gp120-gp41 bonds with prevalent native-like conformation. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114518. [PMID: 39028623 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Soluble HIV-1 envelope (Env) trimers may serve as effective vaccine immunogens. The widely utilized SOSIP trimers have been paramount for structural studies, but the disulfide bond they feature between gp120 and gp41 constrains intersubunit mobility and may alter antigenicity. Here, we report an alternative strategy to generate stabilized soluble Env trimers free of covalent gp120-gp41 bonds. Stabilization was achieved by introducing an intrasubunit disulfide bond between the inner and outer domains of gp120, defined as interdomain lock (IDL). Correctly folded IDL trimers displaying a native-like antigenic profile were produced for HIV-1 Envs of different clades. Importantly, the IDL design abrogated CD4 binding while not affecting recognition by potent neutralizing antibodies to the CD4-binding site. By cryoelectron microscopy, IDL trimers were shown to adopt a closed prefusion configuration, while single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer documented a high prevalence of native-like conformation. Thus, IDL trimers may be promising candidates as vaccine immunogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Jason Gorman
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Maolin Lu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Qingbo Liu
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Vinay Gopan
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mamta Singh
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yin Lin
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Huiyi Miao
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yuna Seo
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alice Kwon
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adam S Olia
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gwo-Yu Chuang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hui Geng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yen-Ting Lai
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; ModeX Therapeutics, 20 Riverside Road, Weston, MA 02493, USA
| | - Walther Mothes
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paolo Lusso
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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3
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Cottrell CA, Pratap PP, Cirelli KM, Carnathan DG, Enemuo CA, Antanasijevic A, Ozorowski G, Sewall LM, Gao H, Allen JD, Nogal B, Silva M, Bhiman J, Pauthner M, Irvine DJ, Montefiori D, Crispin M, Burton DR, Silvestri G, Crotty S, Ward AB. Priming antibody responses to the fusion peptide in rhesus macaques. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:126. [PMID: 38997302 PMCID: PMC11245479 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00918-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunodominance of antibodies targeting non-neutralizing epitopes and the high level of somatic hypermutation within germinal centers (GCs) required for most HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) are major impediments to the development of an effective HIV vaccine. Rational protein vaccine design and non-conventional immunization strategies are potential avenues to overcome these hurdles. Here, we report using implantable osmotic pumps to continuously deliver a series of epitope-targeted immunogens to rhesus macaques over the course of six months to prime and elicit antibody responses against the conserved fusion peptide (FP). GC responses and antibody specificities were tracked longitudinally using lymph node fine-needle aspirates and electron microscopy polyclonal epitope mapping (EMPEM), respectively, to show antibody responses to the FP/N611 glycan hole region were primed, although exhibited limited neutralization breadth. Application of cryoEMPEM delineated key residues for on-target and off-target responses that can drive the next round of structure-based vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Cottrell
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Payal P Pratap
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Kimberly M Cirelli
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Diane G Carnathan
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Chiamaka A Enemuo
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Aleksandar Antanasijevic
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Gabriel Ozorowski
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Leigh M Sewall
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Hongmei Gao
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center Durham, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joel D Allen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Bartek Nogal
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Murillo Silva
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jinal Bhiman
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Matthias Pauthner
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - David Montefiori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center Durham, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Max Crispin
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Dennis R Burton
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Guido Silvestri
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Shane Crotty
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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4
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Moyo-Gwete T, Ayres F, Mzindle NB, Makhado Z, Manamela NP, Richardson SI, Kitchin D, van Graan S, van Heerden J, Parbhoo N, Chege GK, Moore PL. Evaluating the antibody response elicited by diverse HIV envelope immunogens in the African green monkey (Vervet) model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13311. [PMID: 38858452 PMCID: PMC11164991 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63703-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
African Green (Vervet) monkeys have been extensively studied to understand the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. Using vervet monkeys as pre-clinical models may be an attractive option for low-resourced areas as they are found abundantly and their maintenance is more cost-effective than bigger primates such as rhesus macaques. We assessed the feasibility of using vervet monkeys as animal models to examine the immunogenicity of HIV envelope trimer immunogens in pre-clinical testing. Three groups of vervet monkeys were subcutaneously immunized with either the BG505 SOSIP.664 trimer, a novel subtype C SOSIP.664 trimer, CAP255, or a combination of BG505, CAP255 and CAP256.SU SOSIP.664 trimers. All groups of vervet monkeys developed robust binding antibodies by the second immunization with the peak antibody response occurring after the third immunization. Similar to binding, antibody dependent cellular phagocytosis was also observed in all the monkeys. While all animals developed potent, heterologous Tier 1 neutralizing antibody responses, autologous neutralization was limited with only half of the animals in each group developing responses to their vaccine-matched pseudovirus. These data suggest that the vervet monkey model may yield distinct antibody responses compared to other models. Further study is required to further determine the utility of this model in HIV immunization studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thandeka Moyo-Gwete
- SA MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute or Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Frances Ayres
- SA MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute or Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nonkululeko B Mzindle
- SA MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute or Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Zanele Makhado
- SA MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute or Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nelia P Manamela
- SA MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute or Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Simone I Richardson
- SA MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute or Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Dale Kitchin
- SA MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute or Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Strauss van Graan
- SA MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute or Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Joritha van Heerden
- Primate Unit and Delft Animal Centre, Centre and Platform Office, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nishal Parbhoo
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Gerald K Chege
- Primate Unit and Delft Animal Centre, Centre and Platform Office, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Penny L Moore
- SA MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute or Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
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5
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Garg N, Tellier G, Vale N, Kluge J, Portman JL, Markowska A, Tussey L. Phase 1, randomized, rater and participant blinded placebo-controlled study of the safety, reactogenicity, tolerability and immunogenicity of H1N1 influenza vaccine delivered by VX-103 (a MIMIX microneedle patch [MAP] system) in healthy adults. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303450. [PMID: 38843267 PMCID: PMC11156369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The MIMIX platform is a novel microneedle array patch (MAP) characterized by slowly dissolving microneedle tips that deploy into the dermis following patch application. We describe safety, reactogenicity, tolerability and immunogenicity for MIMIX MAP vaccination against influenza. METHODOLOGY The trial was a Phase 1, exploratory, first-in-human, parallel randomized, rater, participant, study analyst-blinded, placebo-controlled study in Canada. Forty-five healthy participants (18 to 39 years of age, inclusive) were randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive either 15 μg or 7.5 μg of an H1N1 influenza vaccine, or placebo delivered via MIMIX MAP to the volar forearm. A statistician used a computer program to create a randomization scheme with a block size of 3. Post-treatment follow-up was approximately 180 days. Primary safety outcomes included the incidence of study product related serious adverse events and unsolicited events within 180 days, solicited application site and systemic reactogenicity through 7 days after administration and solicited application site erythema and/or pigmentation 14, 28, 56 and 180 days after administration. Immunogenicity outcomes included antibody titers and percentage of seroconversion (SCR) and seroprotection (SPR) rates determined by the hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay. Exploratory outcomes included virus microneutralization (MN) titers, durability and breadth of the immune response. The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT06125717. FINDINGS Between July 7, 2022 and March 13, 2023 45 participants were randomized to a treatment group. One participant was lost to follow up in the 15 μg group and 1 participant withdrew from the 7.5 μg dose group. Safety analyses included n = 15 per group, immunogenicity analyses included n = 14 for the 15 μg and 7.5 μg treatment groups and n = 15 for the placebo group. No SAEs were reported in any of the treatment groups. All treatment groups reported solicited local events within 7 days after vaccination, with mild (Grade 1) erythema being the most frequent symptom reported. Other local symptoms reported included mostly mild (Grade 1) induration/swelling, itching, pigmentation, skin flaking, and tenderness. Within 7 days after vaccination, 2 participants (4.4%) reported moderate (Grade 2) erythema, 1 participant (2.2%) reported moderate (Grade 2) induration/swelling, and 1 participant (2.2%) reported moderate (Grade 2) itching. There was an overall reduction in erythema and pigmentation reported on Days 15, 29, 57, and 180 among all treatment groups. Systemic symptoms reported within 7 days after vaccination, included mild (Grade 1) fatigue reported among all treatment groups, and mild (Grade 1) headache reported by 1 participant in the 7.5 μg treatment group. No study drug related severe symptoms were reported in the study. Group mean fold rises in HAI titers ranged between 8.7 and 12-fold, SCRs were >76% and SPRs were >92% for both VX-103 dose groups thereby fulfilling serological criteria established by the EMA and FDA for seasonal influenza vaccines. Longitudinal assessments demonstrate persistence of the immune response through at least Day 180. CONCLUSIONS The MIMIX MAP platform is safe, well tolerated and elicits robust antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Garg
- Centricity Research-Montreal, Point-Claire, Québec, Canada
| | - Guy Tellier
- Centricity Research-Mirabel, Mirabel, Québec, Canada
| | - Noah Vale
- Centricity Research-Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jon Kluge
- Research and Development, Vaxess Technologies, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jonathan L. Portman
- Research and Development, Vaxess Technologies, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anna Markowska
- Research and Development, Vaxess Technologies, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lynda Tussey
- Development and MAP Production, Vaxess Technologies, Woburn, Massachusetts, United States of America
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6
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Cossarini F, Shang J, Krek A, Al-Taie Z, Hou R, Canales-Herrerias P, Tokuyama M, Tankelevich M, Tillowiz A, Jha D, Livanos AE, Leyre L, Uzzan M, Martinez-Delgado G, Tylor M, Sharma K, Bourgonje AR, Cruz M, Ioannou G, Dawson T, D'Souza D, Kim-Schulze S, Akm A, Aberg JA, Chen BK, Gnjatic S, Polydorides AD, Cerutti A, Argmann C, Vujkovic-Cvijin I, Suarez-Farinas M, Petralia F, Faith JJ, Mehandru S. HIV-1 infection is associated with depletion of germinal center B cells and a decrease in IgA + plasma cells in the GI tract. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.17.590425. [PMID: 38826293 PMCID: PMC11142040 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.17.590425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) B cells and plasma cells (PCs), critical to mucosal homeostasis, play an important role in the host response to HIV-1 infection. Here, high resolution mapping of human B cells and PCs from colon and ileum during both viremic and suppressed HIV-1 infection identified a significant reduction in germinal center (GC) B cells and Follicular Dendritic Cells (FDCs) during HIV-1 viremia. Further, IgA + PCs, the major cellular output of intestinal GCs were significantly reduced during viremic HIV-1 infection. PC-associated transcriptional perturbations, including type I interferon signaling persisted in antiretroviral therapy (ART) treated individuals, suggesting ongoing disruption of the intestinal immune milieu during ART. GI humoral immune perturbations associated with changes in intestinal microbiome composition and systemic inflammation. Herein, we highlight a key immune defect in the GI mucosa due to HIV-1 viremia, with major implications. One Sentence Summary Major perturbations in intestinal GC dynamics in viremic HIV-1 infection relate to reduced IgA + plasma cells, systemic inflammation and microbiota changes.
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7
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Hahn WO, Parks KR, Shen M, Ozorowski G, Janes H, Ballweber-Fleming L, Woodward Davis AS, Duplessis C, Tomai M, Dey AK, Sagawa ZK, De Rosa SC, Seese A, Siddaramaiah LK, Stamatatos L, Lee WH, Sewall LM, Karlinsey D, Turner HL, Rubin V, Furth S, MacPhee K, Duff M, Corey L, Keefer MC, Edupuganti S, Frank I, Maenza J, Baden LR, Hyrien O, Sanders RW, Moore JP, Ward AB, Tomaras GD, Montefiori DC, Rouphael N, McElrath MJ. HIV BG505 SOSIP.664 trimer with 3M-052-AF/alum induces human autologous tier-2 neutralizing antibodies. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.08.24306957. [PMID: 38766048 PMCID: PMC11100857 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.08.24306957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Stabilized trimers preserving the native-like HIV envelope structure may be key components of a preventive HIV vaccine regimen to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). We evaluated trimeric BG505 SOSIP.664 gp140, formulated with a novel TLR7/8 signaling adjuvant, 3M-052-AF/Alum, for safety, adjuvant dose-finding and immunogenicity in a first-in-healthy adult (n=17), randomized, placebo-controlled trial (HVTN 137A). The vaccine regimen appeared safe. Robust, trimer-specific antibody, B-cell and CD4+ T-cell responses emerged post-vaccination. Five vaccinees developed serum autologous tier-2 nAbs (ID50 titer, 1:28-1:8647) after 2-3 doses targeting C3/V5 and/or V1/V2/V3 Env regions by electron microscopy and mutated pseudovirus-based neutralization analyses. Trimer-specific, B-cell-derived monoclonal antibody activities confirmed these results and showed weak heterologous neutralization in the strongest responder. Our findings demonstrate the clinical utility of the 3M-052-AF/alum adjuvant and support further improvements of trimer-based Env immunogens to focus responses on multiple broad nAb epitopes. KEY TAKEAWAY/TAKE-HOME MESSAGES HIV BG505 SOSIP.664 trimer with novel 3M-052-AF/alum adjuvant in humans appears safe and induces serum neutralizing antibodies to matched clade A, tier 2 virus, that map to diverse Env epitopes with relatively high titers. The novel adjuvant may be an important mediator of vaccine response.
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8
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Wiehe K, Saunders KO, Stalls V, Cain DW, Venkatayogi S, Martin Beem JS, Berry M, Evangelous T, Henderson R, Hora B, Xia SM, Jiang C, Newman A, Bowman C, Lu X, Bryan ME, Bal J, Sanzone A, Chen H, Eaton A, Tomai MA, Fox CB, Tam YK, Barbosa C, Bonsignori M, Muramatsu H, Alam SM, Montefiori DC, Williams WB, Pardi N, Tian M, Weissman D, Alt FW, Acharya P, Haynes BF. Mutation-guided vaccine design: A process for developing boosting immunogens for HIV broadly neutralizing antibody induction. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:693-709.e7. [PMID: 38670093 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
A major goal of HIV-1 vaccine development is the induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). Although success has been achieved in initiating bnAb B cell lineages, design of boosting immunogens that select for bnAb B cell receptors with improbable mutations required for bnAb affinity maturation remains difficult. Here, we demonstrate a process for designing boosting immunogens for a V3-glycan bnAb B cell lineage. The immunogens induced affinity-matured antibodies by selecting for functional improbable mutations in bnAb precursor knockin mice. Moreover, we show similar success in prime and boosting with nucleoside-modified mRNA-encoded HIV-1 envelope trimer immunogens, with improved selection by mRNA immunogens of improbable mutations required for bnAb binding to key envelope glycans. These results demonstrate the ability of both protein and mRNA prime-boost immunogens for selection of rare B cell lineage intermediates with neutralizing breadth after bnAb precursor expansion, a key proof of concept and milestone toward development of an HIV-1 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Wiehe
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Kevin O Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Integrative Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Victoria Stalls
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Derek W Cain
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sravani Venkatayogi
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Joshua S Martin Beem
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Madison Berry
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Tyler Evangelous
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Rory Henderson
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Bhavna Hora
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Shi-Mao Xia
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Chuancang Jiang
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Amanda Newman
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Cindy Bowman
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Xiaozhi Lu
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mary E Bryan
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Joena Bal
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Aja Sanzone
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Amanda Eaton
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mark A Tomai
- Corporate Research Materials Lab, 3M Company, St. Paul, MN 55144, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mattia Bonsignori
- Translational Immunobiology Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hiromi Muramatsu
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - S Munir Alam
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - David C Montefiori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Wilton B Williams
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Integrative Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Norbert Pardi
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ming Tian
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Drew Weissman
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Frederick W Alt
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Priyamvada Acharya
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Barton F Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Integrative Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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9
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Kutzler MA, Cusimano G, Joyner D, Konopka E, Muir R, Barnette P, Guderian M, Del Moral-Sánchez I, Derking R, Bijl T, Snitselaar J, Rotsides P, Woloszczuk K, Bell M, Canziani G, Chaiken I, Hessell A, Bartsch Y, Sanders R, Haddad E. The molecular immune modulator adenosine deaminase-1 enhances HIV specific humoral and cellular responses to a native-like HIV envelope trimer DNA vaccine. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4139764. [PMID: 38746176 PMCID: PMC11092827 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4139764/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
There is currently no prophylactic vaccine available for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Research efforts have resulted in improved immunogens that mimic the native envelope (Env) glycoprotein structure. Recently, a novel triple tandem trimer (TTT) platform has been used to generate a plasmid encoding Env immunogen (pBG505-TTT) that expresses only as trimers, making it more suitable for nucleic acid vaccines. We have previously demonstrated that adenosine deaminase-1 (ADA-1) is critical to the T follicular helper (TFH) function and improves vaccine immune responses in vivo. In this study, we demonstrate that co-delivery of plasmid-encoded adenosine deaminase 1 (pADA) with pBG505-TTT enhances the magnitude, durability, isotype switching and functionality of HIV-specific antibodies in a dose-sparing manner. Co-delivery of the molecular immune modulator ADA-1 also enhances HIV-specific T cell polyfunctionality, activation, and degranulation as well as memory B cell responses. These data demonstrate that pADA enhances HIV-specific cellular and humoral immunity, making ADA-1 a promising immune modulator for HIV-targeting vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tom Bijl
- Amsterdam University Medical Center
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10
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Libera M, Caputo V, Laterza G, Moudoud L, Soggiu A, Bonizzi L, Diotti RA. The Question of HIV Vaccine: Why Is a Solution Not Yet Available? J Immunol Res 2024; 2024:2147912. [PMID: 38628675 PMCID: PMC11019575 DOI: 10.1155/2024/2147912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Ever since its discovery, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection has remained a significant public health concern. The number of HIV-1 seropositive individuals currently stands at 40.1 million, yet definitive treatment for the virus is still unavailable on the market. Vaccination has proven to be a potent tool in combating infectious diseases, as evidenced by its success against other pathogens. However, despite ongoing efforts and research, the unique viral characteristics have prevented the development of an effective anti-HIV-1 vaccine. In this review, we aim to provide an historical overview of the various approaches attempted to create an effective anti-HIV-1 vaccine. Our objective is to explore the reasons why specific methods have failed to induce a protective immune response and to analyze the different modalities of immunogen presentation. This trial is registered with NCT05414786, NCT05471076, NCT04224701, and NCT01937455.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Libera
- One Health Unit, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Pomona Ricerca S.r.l, Via Assarotti 7, 10122 Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Caputo
- One Health Unit, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Pomona Ricerca S.r.l, Via Assarotti 7, 10122 Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Laterza
- One Health Unit, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Community Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Via Celoria 22, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Louiza Moudoud
- One Health Unit, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Pomona Ricerca S.r.l, Via Assarotti 7, 10122 Turin, Italy
| | - Alessio Soggiu
- One Health Unit, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy
- SC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Bonizzi
- One Health Unit, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta A. Diotti
- One Health Unit, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Pomona Ricerca S.r.l, Via Assarotti 7, 10122 Turin, Italy
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11
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Duan H, Corrigan AR, Cheng C, Biju A, Gonelli CA, Olia AS, Teng IT, Xu K, O’Dell S, Narpala S, Castro M, Serebryannyy L, Wang J, Parchment DK, Sarfo EK, van Schooten J, Todd JP, Wang S, Harris DR, Geng H, Jafari AJ, Woodward RA, Doria-Rose NA, Foulds KE, McDermott AB, van Gils MJ, Koup RA, Pierson TC, Kwong PD, Mascola JR. Long trimer-immunization interval and appropriate adjuvant reduce immune responses to the soluble HIV-1-envelope trimer base. iScience 2024; 27:108877. [PMID: 38318357 PMCID: PMC10839646 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Soluble 'SOSIP'-stabilized HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimers elicit dominant antibody responses targeting their glycan-free base regions, potentially diminishing neutralizing responses. Previously, using a nonhuman primate model, we demonstrated that priming with fusion peptide (FP)-carrier conjugate immunogens followed by boosting with Env trimers reduced the anti-base response. Further, we demonstrated that longer immunization intervals further reduced anti-base responses and increased neutralization breadth. Here, we demonstrate that long trimer-boosting intervals, but not long FP immunization intervals, reduce the anti-base response. Additionally, we identify that FP priming before trimer immunization enhances antibody avidity to the Env trimer. We also establish that adjuvants Matrix M and Adjuplex further reduce anti-base responses and increase neutralizing titers. FP priming, long trimer-immunization interval, and an appropriate adjuvant can thus reduce anti-base antibody responses and improve Env-directed vaccine outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Duan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Angela R. Corrigan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrea Biju
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christopher A. Gonelli
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adam S. Olia
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - I-Ting Teng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kai Xu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sijy O’Dell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sandeep Narpala
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mike Castro
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Leonid Serebryannyy
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jennifer Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Danealle K. Parchment
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Edward K. Sarfo
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jelle van Schooten
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam 1105AZ, the Netherlands
| | - John-Paul Todd
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shuishu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Darcy R. Harris
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hui Geng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexander J. Jafari
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - VRC Production Program
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ruth A. Woodward
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicole A. Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kathryn E. Foulds
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adrian B. McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marit J. van Gils
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam 1105AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Richard A. Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Theodore C. Pierson
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter D. Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John R. Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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12
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Altman PX, Ozorowski G, Stanfield RL, Haakenson J, Appel M, Parren M, Lee WH, Sang H, Woehl J, Saye-Francisco K, Joyce C, Song G, Porter K, Landais E, Andrabi R, Wilson IA, Ward AB, Mwangi W, Smider VV, Burton DR, Sok D. Immunization of cows with HIV envelope trimers generates broadly neutralizing antibodies to the V2-apex from the ultralong CDRH3 repertoire. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.13.580058. [PMID: 38405899 PMCID: PMC10888833 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.13.580058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The generation of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) to specific HIV epitopes of the HIV Envelope (Env) is one of the cornerstones of HIV vaccine research. The current animal models we use have been unable to reliable produce a broadly neutralizing antibody response, with the exception of cows. Cows have rapidly and reliably produced a CD4 binding site response by homologous prime and boosting with a native-like Env trimer. In small animal models other engineered immunogens previously have been able to focus antibody responses to the bnAb V2-apex region of Env. Here, we immunized two groups of cows (n=4) with two regiments of V2-apex focusing immunogens to investigate whether antibody responses could be directed to the V2-apex on Env. Group 1 were immunized with chimpanzee simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-Env trimer that shares its V2-apex with HIV, followed by immunization with C108, a V2-apex focusing immunogen, and finally boosted with a cross-clade native-like trimer cocktail. Group 2 were immunized with HIV C108 Env trimer followed by the same HIV trimer cocktail as Group 1. Longitudinal serum analysis showed that one cow in each group developed serum neutralizing antibody responses to the V2-apex. Eight and 11 bnAbs were isolated from Group 1 and Group 2 cows respectively. The best bnAbs had both medium breadth and potency. Potent and broad responses developed later than previous CD4bs cow bnAbs and required several different immunogens. All isolated bnAbs were derived from the ultralong CDRH3 repertoire. The finding that cow antibodies can target multiple broadly neutralizing epitopes on the HIV surface reveals important insight into the generation of immunogens and testing in the cow animal model. The exclusive isolation of ultralong CDRH3 bnAbs, despite only comprising a small percent of the cow repertoire, suggests these antibodies outcompete the long and short CDRH3 antibodies during the bnAb response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar X. Altman
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gabriel Ozorowski
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robyn L. Stanfield
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy Haakenson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Applied Biomedical Science Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael Appel
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mara Parren
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wen-Hsin Lee
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Huldah Sang
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medical, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Jordan Woehl
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karen Saye-Francisco
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Collin Joyce
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ge Song
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Katelyn Porter
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elise Landais
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raiees Andrabi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ian A. Wilson
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrew B. Ward
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Waithaka Mwangi
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medical, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Vaughn V. Smider
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Applied Biomedical Science Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Dennis R. Burton
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Devin Sok
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, NY, USA
- Lead contact
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13
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Wan J, Wang Z, Wang L, Wu L, Zhang C, Zhou M, Fu ZF, Zhao L. Circular RNA vaccines with long-term lymph node-targeting delivery stability after lyophilization induce potent and persistent immune responses. mBio 2024; 15:e0177523. [PMID: 38078742 PMCID: PMC10790773 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01775-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines are a key technology in combating existing and emerging infectious diseases. However, the inherent instability of mRNA and the nonspecificity of lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated (LNP) delivery systems result in the need for cold storage and a relatively short-duration immune response to mRNA vaccines. Herein, we develop a novel vaccine in the form of circRNAs encapsulated in LNPs, and the circular structure of the circRNAs enhances their stability. Lyophilization is considered the most effective method for the long-term preservation of RNA vaccines. However, this process may result in irreversible damage to the nanoparticles, particularly the potential disruption of targeting modifications on LNPs. During the selection of lymph node-targeting ligands, we found that LNPs modified with mannose maintained their physical properties almost unchanged after lyophilization. Additionally, the targeting specificity and immunogenicity remained unaffected. In contrast, even with the addition of cryoprotectants such as sucrose, the physical properties of LNPs were impaired, leading to an obvious decrease in immunogenicity. This may be attributed to the protective role of mannose on the surface of LNPs during lyophilization. Freshly prepared and lyophilized mLNP-circRNA vaccines elicited comparable immune responses in both the rabies virus model and the SARS-CoV-2 model. Our data demonstrated that mLNP-circRNA vaccines elicit robust immune responses while improving stability after lyophilization, with no compromise in tissue targeting specificity. Therefore, mannose-modified LNP-circRNA vaccines represent a promising vaccine design strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawu Wan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zongmei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingli Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liqin Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengguang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen F. Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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14
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Ellis D, Dosey A, Boyoglu-Barnum S, Park YJ, Gillespie R, Syeda H, Hutchinson GB, Tsybovsky Y, Murphy M, Pettie D, Matheson N, Chan S, Ueda G, Fallas JA, Carter L, Graham BS, Veesler D, Kanekiyo M, King NP. Antigen spacing on protein nanoparticles influences antibody responses to vaccination. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113552. [PMID: 38096058 PMCID: PMC10801709 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunogen design approaches aim to control the specificity and quality of antibody responses elicited by next-generation vaccines. Here, we use computational protein design to generate a nanoparticle vaccine platform based on the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of influenza hemagglutinin (HA) that enables precise control of antigen conformation and spacing. HA RBDs are presented as either monomers or native-like closed trimers that are connected to the underlying nanoparticle by a rigid linker that is modularly extended to precisely control antigen spacing. Nanoparticle immunogens with decreased spacing between trimeric RBDs elicit antibodies with improved hemagglutination inhibition and neutralization potency as well as binding breadth across diverse H1 HAs. Our "trihead" nanoparticle immunogen platform provides insights into anti-HA immunity, establishes antigen spacing as an important parameter in structure-based vaccine design, and embodies several design features that could be used in next-generation vaccines against influenza and other viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ellis
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Annie Dosey
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Seyhan Boyoglu-Barnum
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Young-Jun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Rebecca Gillespie
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hubza Syeda
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Geoffrey B Hutchinson
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Vaccine Research Center Electron Microscopy Unit, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Michael Murphy
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Deleah Pettie
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nick Matheson
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sidney Chan
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - George Ueda
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jorge A Fallas
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lauren Carter
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Barney S Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Masaru Kanekiyo
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Neil P King
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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15
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Dufour JP, Allers C, Schiro F, Falkenstein KP, Gregoire KK, Glover CD, Chamel AN, Woods A, Phillippi JP, Gideon TM, Kaur A. Comparison of fine-needle aspiration techniques. J Med Primatol 2023; 52:400-404. [PMID: 37712216 PMCID: PMC10872887 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) has been reported since 1912 beginning with the use of trocars and other specialized instruments that were impractical. Since then, FNA has proven to be a successful alternative technique to excisional biopsy for some assays despite a few limitations. METHODS In this study, we compared four different techniques for FNA in rhesus macaques by evaluating total live cells recovered and cell viability using a standard 6 mL syringe and 1.5-inch 22-gauge needle. RESULTS Technique B which was the only technique in which the needle was removed from the syringe after collection of the sample to allow forced air through the needle to expel the contents into media followed by flushing of the syringe and needle resulted in the highest total cell count and second highest cell viability in recovered cells. CONCLUSION Based on our results, Technique B appears to be the superior method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Faith Schiro
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA
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16
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Bhagchandani SH, Yang L, Maiorino L, Ben-Akiva E, Rodrigues KA, Romanov A, Suh H, Aung A, Wu S, Wadhera A, Chakraborty AK, Irvine DJ. Two-dose "extended priming" immunization amplifies humoral immune responses by synchronizing vaccine delivery with the germinal center response. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.20.563479. [PMID: 38045401 PMCID: PMC10690148 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.20.563479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
"Extended priming" immunization regimens that prolong exposure of the immune system to vaccines during the primary immune response have shown promise in enhancing humoral immune responses to a variety of subunit vaccines in preclinical models. We previously showed that escalating-dosing immunization (EDI), where a vaccine is dosed every other day in an increasing pattern over 2 weeks dramatically amplifies humoral immune responses. But such a dosing regimen is impractical for prophylactic vaccines. We hypothesized that simpler dosing regimens might replicate key elements of the immune response triggered by EDI. Here we explored "reduced ED" immunization regimens, assessing the impact of varying the number of injections, dose levels, and dosing intervals during EDI. Using a stabilized HIV Env trimer as a model antigen combined with a potent saponin adjuvant, we found that a two-shot extended-prime regimen consisting of immunization with 20% of a given vaccine dose followed by a second shot with the remaining 80% of the dose 7 days later resulted in increased total GC B cells, 5-10-fold increased frequencies of antigen-specific GC B cells, and 10-fold increases in serum antibody titers compared to single bolus immunization. Computational modeling of the GC response suggested that this enhanced response is mediated by antigen delivered in the second dose being captured more efficiently as immune complexes in follicles, predictions we verified experimentally. Our computational and experimental results also highlight how properly designed reduced ED protocols enhance activation and antigen loading of dendritic cells and activation of T helper cells to amplify humoral responses. These results suggest that a two-shot priming approach can be used to substantially enhance responses to subunit vaccines.
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17
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Perdiguero B, Hauser A, Gómez CE, Peterhoff D, Sideris E, Sorzano CÓS, Wilmschen S, Schaber M, Stengel L, Asbach B, Ding S, Von Laer D, Levy Y, Pantaleo G, Kimpel J, Esteban M, Wagner R. Potency and durability of T and B cell immune responses after homologous and heterologous vector delivery of a trimer-stabilized, membrane-displayed HIV-1 clade ConC Env protein. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1270908. [PMID: 38045703 PMCID: PMC10690772 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1270908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The generation of an HIV-1 vaccine able to induce long-lasting protective immunity remains a main challenge. Here, we aimed to modify next-generation soluble, prefusion-stabilized, close-to-native, glycan-engineered clade C gp140 envelope (Env) trimers (sC23v4 KIKO and ConCv5 KIKO) for optimal display on the cell surface following homologous or heterologous vector delivery. Methods A combination of the following modifications scored best regarding the preservation of closed, native-like Env trimer conformation and antigenicity when using a panel of selected broadly neutralizing (bnAb) and non-neutralizing (nnAb) monoclonal antibodies for flow cytometry: i) replacing the natural cleavage site with a native flexible linker and introducing a single amino acid substitution to prevent CD4 binding (*), ii) fusing a heterologous VSV-G-derived transmembrane moiety to the gp140 C-terminus, and iii) deleting six residues proximal to the membrane. Results When delivering membrane-tethered sC23v4 KIKO* and ConCv5 KIKO* via DNA, VSV-GP, and NYVAC vectors, the two native-like Env trimers provide differential antigenicity profiles. Whereas such patterns were largely consistent among the different vectors for either Env trimer, the membrane-tethered ConCv5 KIKO* trimer adopted a more closed and native-like structure than sC23v4 KIKO*. In immunized mice, VSV-GP and NYVAC vectors expressing the membrane-tethered ConCv5 KIKO* administered in prime/boost combination were the most effective regimens for the priming of Env-specific CD4 T cells among all tested combinations. The subsequent booster administration of trimeric ConCv5 KIKO* Env protein preserved the T cell activation levels between groups. The evaluation of the HIV-1-specific humoral responses induced in the different immunization groups after protein boosts showed that the various prime/boost protocols elicited broad and potent antibody responses, preferentially of a Th1-associated IgG2a subclass, and that the obtained antibody levels remained high at the memory phase. Discussion In summary, we provide a feasible strategy to display multiple copies of native-like Env trimers on the cell surface, which translates into efficient priming of sustained CD4+ T cell responses after vector delivery as well as broad, potent, and sustained antibody responses following booster immunizations with the homologous, prefusion-stabilized, close-to-native ConCv5 KIKO* gp140 Env trimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Perdiguero
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandra Hauser
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Elena Gómez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Peterhoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Elefthéria Sideris
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Óscar S. Sorzano
- Biocomputing Unit and Computational Genomics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sarah Wilmschen
- Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marion Schaber
- Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Laura Stengel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Asbach
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Song Ding
- EuroVacc Foundation, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dorothee Von Laer
- Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Yves Levy
- Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médicine, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) U955, Créteil, France
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) U955, Equipe 16, Créteil, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Service d'Immunologie Clinique et Maladies Infectieuses, Créteil, France
| | - Giuseppe Pantaleo
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Janine Kimpel
- Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mariano Esteban
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ralf Wagner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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18
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Nelson AN, Shen X, Vekatayogi S, Zhang S, Ozorowski G, Dennis M, Sewall LM, Milligan E, Davis D, Cross KA, Chen Y, van Schooten J, Eudailey J, Isaac J, Memon S, Weinbaum C, Stanfield-Oakley S, Byrd A, Chutkan S, Berendam S, Cronin K, Yasmeen A, Alam SM, LaBranche CC, Rogers K, Shirreff L, Cupo A, Derking R, Villinger F, Klasse PJ, Ferrari G, Williams WB, Hudgens MG, Ward AB, Montefiori DC, Van Rompay KK, Wiehe K, Moore JP, Sanders RW, De Paris K, Permar SR. Germline-targeting SOSIP trimer immunization elicits precursor CD4 binding-site targeting broadly neutralizing antibodies in infant macaques. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.07.565306. [PMID: 37986885 PMCID: PMC10659289 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.07.565306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
A vaccine that can achieve protective immunity prior to sexual debut is critical to prevent the estimated 410,000 new HIV infections that occur yearly in adolescents. As children living with HIV can make broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) responses in plasma at a faster rate than adults, early childhood is an opportune window for implementation of a multi-dose HIV immunization strategy to elicit protective immunity prior to adolescence. Therefore, the goal of our study was to assess the ability of a B cell lineage-designed HIV envelope SOSIP to induce bnAbs in early life. Infant rhesus macaques (RMs) received either BG505 SOSIP or the germline-targeting BG505 GT1.1 SOSIP (n=5/group) with the 3M-052-SE adjuvant at 0, 6, and 12 weeks of age. All infant RMs were then boosted with the BG505 SOSIP at weeks 26, 52 and 78, mimicking a pediatric immunization schedule of multiple vaccine boosts within the first two years of life. Both immunization strategies induced durable, high magnitude binding antibodies and plasma autologous virus neutralization that primarily targeted the CD4-binding site (CD4bs) or C3/465 epitope. Notably, three BG505 GT1.1-immunized infants exhibited a plasma HIV neutralization signature reflective of VRC01-like CD4bs bnAb precursor development and heterologous virus neutralization. Finally, infant RMs developed precursor bnAb responses at a similar frequency to that of adult RMs receiving a similar immunization strategy. Thus, a multi-dose immunization regimen with bnAb lineage designed SOSIPs is a promising strategy for inducing protective HIV bnAb responses in childhood prior to adolescence when sexual HIV exposure risk begins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N. Nelson
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sravani Vekatayogi
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gabriel Ozorowski
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maria Dennis
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Leigh M. Sewall
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Emma Milligan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dominique Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kaitlyn A. Cross
- Gillings School of Public Health and Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yue Chen
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jelle van Schooten
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center; Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joshua Eudailey
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - John Isaac
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Saad Memon
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Carolyn Weinbaum
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Alliyah Byrd
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC, USA
| | - Suni Chutkan
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stella Berendam
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kenneth Cronin
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC, USA
| | - Anila Yasmeen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - S. Munir Alam
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC, USA
| | - Celia C. LaBranche
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kenneth Rogers
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA, USA
| | - Lisa Shirreff
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA, USA
| | - Albert Cupo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald Derking
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center; Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Francois Villinger
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA, USA
| | - Per Johan Klasse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC, USA
| | - Wilton B. Williams
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael G. Hudgens
- Gillings School of Public Health and Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andrew B. Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Koen K.A. Van Rompay
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California; Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Wiehe
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC, USA
| | - John P. Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Rogier W. Sanders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center; Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine; New York, NY, USA
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kristina De Paris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sallie R. Permar
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine; New York, NY, USA
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19
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Phung I, Rodrigues KA, Marina-Zárate E, Maiorino L, Pahar B, Lee WH, Melo M, Kaur A, Allers C, Fahlberg M, Grasperge BF, Dufour JP, Schiro F, Aye PP, Lopez PG, Torres JL, Ozorowski G, Eskandarzadeh S, Kubitz M, Georgeson E, Groschel B, Nedellec R, Bick M, Kaczmarek Michaels K, Gao H, Shen X, Carnathan DG, Silvestri G, Montefiori DC, Ward AB, Hangartner L, Veazey RS, Burton DR, Schief WR, Irvine DJ, Crotty S. A combined adjuvant approach primes robust germinal center responses and humoral immunity in non-human primates. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7107. [PMID: 37925510 PMCID: PMC10625619 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42923-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adjuvants and antigen delivery kinetics can profoundly influence B cell responses and should be critically considered in rational vaccine design, particularly for difficult neutralizing antibody targets such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Antigen kinetics can change depending on the delivery method. To promote extended immunogen bioavailability and to present antigen in a multivalent form, native-HIV Env trimers are modified with short phosphoserine peptide linkers that promote tight binding to aluminum hydroxide (pSer:alum). Here we explore the use of a combined adjuvant approach that incorporates pSer:alum-mediated antigen delivery with potent adjuvants (SMNP, 3M-052) in an extensive head-to-head comparison study with conventional alum to assess germinal center (GC) and humoral immune responses. Priming with pSer:alum plus SMNP induces additive effects that enhance the magnitude and persistence of GCs, which correlate with better GC-TFH cell help. Autologous HIV-neutralizing antibody titers are improved in SMNP-immunized animals after two immunizations. Over 9 months after priming immunization of pSer:alum with either SMNP or 3M-052, robust Env-specific bone marrow plasma cells (BM BPC) are observed. Furthermore, pSer-modification of Env trimer reduce targeting towards immunodominant non-neutralizing epitopes. The study shows that a combined adjuvant approach can augment humoral immunity by modulating immunodominance and shows promise for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Phung
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Kristen A Rodrigues
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ester Marina-Zárate
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Laura Maiorino
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Bapi Pahar
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane School of Medicine, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Wen-Hsin Lee
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Mariane Melo
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Amitinder Kaur
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane School of Medicine, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Carolina Allers
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane School of Medicine, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Marissa Fahlberg
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane School of Medicine, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Brooke F Grasperge
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane School of Medicine, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Jason P Dufour
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane School of Medicine, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Faith Schiro
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane School of Medicine, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Pyone P Aye
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane School of Medicine, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Paul G Lopez
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jonathan L Torres
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Gabriel Ozorowski
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Saman Eskandarzadeh
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Michael Kubitz
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Erik Georgeson
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Bettina Groschel
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Rebecca Nedellec
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Michael Bick
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kaczmarek Michaels
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Hongmei Gao
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine Research & Development, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine Research & Development, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Diane G Carnathan
- Emory National Primate Research Center and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Guido Silvestri
- Emory National Primate Research Center and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - David C Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine Research & Development, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Lars Hangartner
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ronald S Veazey
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane School of Medicine, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Dennis R Burton
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - William R Schief
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA.
| | - Shane Crotty
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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20
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Williamson C, Lynch RM, Moore PL. Anticipating HIV viral escape - resistance to active and passive immunization. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2023; 18:342-348. [PMID: 37678357 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Active and passive immunization strategies are challenged by the extraordinary diversity of HIV, and the need for high titers of neutralizing antibodies to confer protective immunity. This review summarises recent studies and the barrier that these interventions will need to overcome to prevent viral resistance. RECENT FINDINGS Studies from the antibody mediated prevention trial identified a measure of protective titers, finding that higher titers than anticipated will be needed to prevent infection. This benchmark has advanced our ability to predict combinations of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) that will provide optimal coverage. To limit escape, these combinations should ensure that the majority of viruses are bound by a minimum of two antibodies. The characterization of currently circulating viruses has revealed increased resistance to some bNAbs over time, highlighting the need for continued surveillance, especially in under-studied populations and subtypes. Active vaccination will face similar challenges in combating diversity, although despite successes in germline targeting, this approach is not yet able to elicit bNAbs. SUMMARY Cumulatively these studies highlight the need to target multiple antibody epitopes for maximum coverage, but also to restrict escape pathways. Successful immunization strategies should anticipate viral escape and devise strategies to counteract this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Williamson
- Division of Medical Virology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa
| | - Rebecca M Lynch
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Penny L Moore
- SA MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
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21
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Counts JA, Saunders KO. Guiding HIV-1 vaccine development with preclinical nonhuman primate research. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2023; 18:315-322. [PMID: 37712825 PMCID: PMC10810179 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are seen as the closest animal model to humans in terms of anatomy and immune system makeup. Here, we review how preclinical studies in this model system are teaching the field of HIV vaccinology the basic immunology that is needed to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) with vaccination and elicit protective T cell responses. These lessons are being translated into clinical trials to advance towards protective active vaccination against HIV-1 infection. RECENT FINDINGS Preclinical vaccination studies in NHPs have shown that highly engineered HIV-1 immunogens can initiate bnAb precursors providing proof of concept for Phase I clinical trials. Additionally, NHP models of HIV-1 infection are elucidating the pathways for bnAb development while serving as systems to evaluate vaccine protection. Innovative immunization strategies have increased affinity maturation of HIV-1 antibodies in long-lived germinal centers. Preclinical studies in macaques have defined the protective level of neutralizing antibodies and have shown that T cell responses can synergize with antibody-mediated immunity to provide protection in the presence of lower neutralizing antibody titers. SUMMARY The NHP model provides vaccine regimens and desired antibody and T cell responses that serve as benchmarks for clinical trials, accelerating HIV vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin O Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Departments of Surgery, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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22
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Damm D, Suleiman E, Wagner JT, Klessing S, Pfister F, Elsayed H, Walkenfort B, Stobrawe J, Mayer J, Lehner E, Müller-Schmucker SM, Hasenberg M, Wyatt RT, Vorauer-Uhl K, Temchura V, Überla K. Modulation of immune responses to liposomal vaccines by intrastructural help. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 192:112-125. [PMID: 37797679 PMCID: PMC10872448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The encapsulation of HIV-unrelated T helper peptides into liposomal vaccines presenting trimers of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) on the surface (T helper liposomes) may recruit heterologous T cells to provide help for Env-specific B cells. This mechanism called intrastructural help can modulate the HIV-specific humoral immune response. In this study, we used cationic T helper liposomes to induce intrastructural help effects in a small animal model. The liposomes were functionalized with Env trimers by a tag-free approach designed to enable a simplified GMP production. The pre-fusion conformation of the conjugated Env trimers was verified by immunogold electron microscopy (EM) imaging and flow cytometry. The liposomes induced strong activation of Env-specific B cells in vitro. In comparison to previously established anionic liposomes, cationic T helper liposomes were superior in CD4+ T cell activation after uptake by dendritic cells. Moreover, the T helper liposomes were able to target Env-specific B cells in secondary lymphoid organs after intramuscular injection. We also observed efficient T helper cell activation and proliferation in co-cultures with Env-specific B cells in the presence of cationic T helper liposomes. Mouse immunization experiments with cationic T helper liposomes further revealed a modulation of the Env-specific IgG subtype distribution and enhancement of the longevity of antibody responses by ovalbumin- and Hepatitis B (HBV)-specific T cell help. Thus, clinical evaluation of the concept of intrastructural help seems warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Damm
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Ehsan Suleiman
- Polymun Scientific Immunbiologische Forschung GmbH, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
| | - Jannik T Wagner
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Stephan Klessing
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix Pfister
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Hassan Elsayed
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Egypt
| | - Bernd Walkenfort
- Imaging Center Essen (IMCES), Electron Microscopy Unit (EMU), Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
| | - Jule Stobrawe
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Julia Mayer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Elisabeth Lehner
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sandra M Müller-Schmucker
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Mike Hasenberg
- Imaging Center Essen (IMCES), Electron Microscopy Unit (EMU), Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
| | | | - Karola Vorauer-Uhl
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Vladimir Temchura
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Klaus Überla
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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23
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Martin TM, Robinson ST, Huang Y. Discovery medicine - the HVTN's iterative approach to developing an HIV-1 broadly neutralizing vaccine. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2023; 18:290-299. [PMID: 37712873 PMCID: PMC10552837 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In the past two decades, there has been an explosion in the discovery of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) and associated vaccine strategies to induce them. This abundance of approaches necessitates a system that accurately and expeditiously identifies the most promising regimens. We herein briefly review the background science of bnAbs, provide a description of the first round of phase 1 discovery medicine studies, and suggest an approach to integrate these into a comprehensive HIV-1-neutralizing vaccine. RECENT FINDINGS With recent preclinical success including induction of early stage bnAbs in mouse knockin models and rhesus macaques, successful priming of VRC01-class bnAbs with eOD-GT8 in a recent study in humans, and proof-of-concept that intravenous infusion of VRC01 prevents sexual transmission of virus in humans, the stage is set for a broad and comprehensive bnAb vaccine program. Leveraging significant advances in protein nanoparticle science, mRNA technology, adjuvant development, and B-cell and antibody analyses, the HVTN has reconfigured its HIV-1 vaccine strategy by developing the Discovery Medicine Program to test promising vaccine candidates targeting six key epitopes. SUMMARY The HVTN Discovery Medicine program is testing multiple HIV-1-neutralizing vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy M Martin
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
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24
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Hahn WO, Hill JA, Kublin JG. Targeting enhanced neutralizing antibody responses via increased germinal center activity: early-phase vaccine trials with novel clinical designs. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2023; 18:323-330. [PMID: 37751359 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent advances in the understanding of the difficult immunologic requirements for the induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies for HIV have spurred interest in optimizing vaccine approaches intended to stimulate a robust germinal center reaction. In preclinical models, techniques to optimize the germinal center response have included alterations in the timing, dose, and delivery method of immunogens and have resulted in substantially enhanced germinal center responses in lymph nodes and neutralizing antibodies in serum. One of the most promising approaches involves splitting the initial dose of vaccine into a series of gradual escalating doses administration ("fractional escalating doses"). In principle, these techniques may have broad implications for vaccines targeting a robust antibody response. RECENT FINDINGS We review the upcoming vaccine trials that will test these concepts in clinical practice. The trials include both HIV and non-HIV immunogens, and will involve testing these concepts in both healthy adults and immunocompromised persons. SUMMARY There are multiple trials that will test whether techniques to alter vaccine delivery such as fractional escalating doses enhances immunologic outcomes.
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25
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Zhang Z, Wang Q, Nguyen HT, Chen HC, Chiu TJ, Smith Iii AB, Sodroski JG. Alterations in gp120 glycans or the gp41 fusion peptide-proximal region modulate the stability of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein pretriggered conformation. J Virol 2023; 97:e0059223. [PMID: 37696048 PMCID: PMC10537687 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00592-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer mediates entry into host cells by binding receptors, CD4 and CCR5/CXCR4, and fusing the viral and cell membranes. In infected cells, cleavage of the gp160 Env precursor yields the mature Env trimer, with gp120 exterior and gp41 transmembrane Env subunits. Env cleavage stabilizes the State-1 conformation, which is the major target for broadly neutralizing antibodies, and decreases the spontaneous sampling of more open Env conformations that expose epitopes for poorly neutralizing antibodies. During HIV-1 entry into cells, CD4 binding drives the metastable Env from a pretriggered (State-1) conformation into more "open," lower-energy states. Here, we report that changes in two dissimilar elements of the HIV-1 Env trimer, namely particular gp120 glycans and the gp41 fusion peptide-proximal region (FPPR), can independently modulate the stability of State 1. Individual deletion of several gp120 glycans destabilized State 1, whereas removal of a V1 glycan resulted in phenotypes indicative of a more stable pretriggered Env conformation. Likewise, some alterations of the gp41 FPPR decreased the level of spontaneous shedding of gp120 from the Env trimer and stabilized the pretriggered State-1 Env conformation. State-1-stabilizing changes were additive and could suppress the phenotypes associated with State-1-destabilizing alterations in Env. Our results support a model in which multiple protein and carbohydrate elements of the HIV-1 Env trimer additively contribute to the stability of the pretriggered (State-1) conformation. The Env modifications identified in this study will assist efforts to characterize the structure and immunogenicity of the metastable State-1 conformation. IMPORTANCE The elicitation of antibodies that neutralize multiple strains of HIV-1 is an elusive goal that has frustrated the development of an effective vaccine. The pretriggered shape of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) spike on the virus surface is the major target for such broadly neutralizing antibodies. The "closed" pretriggered Env shape resists the binding of most antibodies but is unstable and often assumes "open" shapes that elicit ineffective antibodies. We identified particular changes in both the protein and the sugar components of the Env trimer that stabilize the pretriggered shape. Combinations of these changes were even more effective at stabilizing the pretriggered Env than the individual changes. Stabilizing changes in Env could counteract the effect of Env changes that destabilize the pretriggered shape. Locking Env in its pretriggered shape will assist efforts to understand the Env spike on the virus and to incorporate this shape into vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Zhang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hanh T Nguyen
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hung-Ching Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ta-Jung Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amos B Smith Iii
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joseph G Sodroski
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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26
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Rodrigues KA, Cottrell CA, Steichen JM, Groschel B, Abraham W, Suh H, Agarwal Y, Ni K, Chang JYH, Yousefpour P, Melo MB, Schief WR, Irvine DJ. Optimization of an alum-anchored clinical HIV vaccine candidate. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:117. [PMID: 37573422 PMCID: PMC10423202 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00711-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In the ongoing effort to develop a vaccine against HIV, vaccine approaches that promote strong germinal center (GC) responses may be critical to enable the selection and affinity maturation of rare B cell clones capable of evolving to produce broadly neutralizing antibodies. We previously demonstrated an approach for enhancing GC responses and overall humoral immunity elicited by alum-adjuvanted protein immunization via the use of phosphoserine (pSer) peptide-tagged immunogens that stably anchor to alum particles via ligand exchange with the alum particle surface. Here, using a clinically relevant stabilized HIV Env trimer termed MD39, we systematically evaluated the impact of several parameters relevant to pSer tag composition and trimer immunogen design to optimize this approach, including phosphate valency, amino acid sequence of the trimer C-terminus used for pSer tag conjugation, and structure of the pSer tag. We also tested the impact of co-administering a potent saponin/monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) nanoparticle co-adjuvant with alum-bound trimers. We identified MD39 trimer sequences bearing an optimized positively-charged C-terminal amino acid sequence, which, when conjugated to a pSer tag with four phosphates and a polypeptide spacer, bound very tightly to alum particles while retaining a native Env-like antigenicity profile. This optimized pSer-trimer design elicited robust antigen-specific GC B cell and serum IgG responses in mice. Through this optimization, we present a favorable MD39-pSer immunogen construct for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A Rodrigues
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology Program, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Christopher A Cottrell
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jon M Steichen
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Bettina Groschel
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Wuhbet Abraham
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Heikyung Suh
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yash Agarwal
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Kaiyuan Ni
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jason Y H Chang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Parisa Yousefpour
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Mariane B Melo
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - William R Schief
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA.
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27
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Bollimpelli VS, Reddy PBJ, Gangadhara S, Charles TP, Burton SL, Tharp GK, Styles TM, Labranche CC, Smith JC, Upadhyay AA, Sahoo A, Legere T, Shiferaw A, Velu V, Yu T, Tomai M, Vasilakos J, Kasturi SP, Shaw GM, Montefiori D, Bosinger SE, Kozlowski PA, Pulendran B, Derdeyn CA, Hunter E, Amara RR. Intradermal but not intramuscular modified vaccinia Ankara immunizations protect against intravaginal tier2 simian-human immunodeficiency virus challenges in female macaques. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4789. [PMID: 37553348 PMCID: PMC10409804 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Route of immunization can markedly influence the quality of immune response. Here, we show that intradermal (ID) but not intramuscular (IM) modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vaccinations provide protection from acquisition of intravaginal tier2 simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) challenges in female macaques. Both routes of vaccination induce comparable levels of serum IgG with neutralizing and non-neutralizing activities. The protection in MVA-ID group correlates positively with serum neutralizing and antibody-dependent phagocytic activities, and envelope-specific vaginal IgA; while the limited protection in MVA-IM group correlates only with serum neutralizing activity. MVA-ID immunizations induce greater germinal center Tfh and B cell responses, reduced the ratio of Th1 to Tfh cells in blood and showed lower activation of intermediate monocytes and inflammasome compared to MVA-IM immunizations. This lower innate activation correlates negatively with induction of Tfh responses. These data demonstrate that the MVA-ID vaccinations protect against intravaginal SHIV challenges by modulating the innate and T helper responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata S Bollimpelli
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Pradeep B J Reddy
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Sailaja Gangadhara
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Tysheena P Charles
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Samantha L Burton
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Gregory K Tharp
- NHP Genomics Core Laboratory, Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Tiffany M Styles
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Celia C Labranche
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Justin C Smith
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Amit A Upadhyay
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Anusmita Sahoo
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Traci Legere
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Ayalnesh Shiferaw
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Vijayakumar Velu
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tianwei Yu
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Mark Tomai
- 3M Corporate Research and Materials Lab, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Sudhir P Kasturi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - George M Shaw
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Steven E Bosinger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pamela A Kozlowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Cynthia A Derdeyn
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric Hunter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rama R Amara
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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28
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Matz HC, McIntire KM, Ellebedy AH. 'Persistent germinal center responses: slow-growing trees bear the best fruits'. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 83:102332. [PMID: 37150126 PMCID: PMC10829534 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Germinal centers (GCs) are key microanatomical sites in lymphoid organs where responding B cells mature and undergo affinity-based selection. The duration of the GC reaction has long been assumed to be relatively brief, but recent studies in humans, nonhuman primates, and mice indicate that GCs can last for weeks to months after initial antigen exposure. This review examines recent studies investigating the factors that influence GC duration, including antigen persistence, T-follicular helper cells, and mode of immunization. Potential mechanisms for how persistent GCs influence the B-cell repertoire are considered. Overall, these studies provide a blueprint for how to design better vaccines that elicit persistent GC responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanover C Matz
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Katherine M McIntire
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ali H Ellebedy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA; Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology & Immunotherapy Programs, USA.
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29
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Zhou R, Zhang S, Nguyen HT, Ding H, Gaffney A, Kappes JC, Smith AB, Sodroski JG. Conformations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope Glycoproteins in Detergents and Styrene-Maleic Acid Lipid Particles. J Virol 2023; 97:e0032723. [PMID: 37255444 PMCID: PMC10308955 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00327-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The mature human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer, which consists of noncovalently associated gp120 exterior and gp41 transmembrane subunits, mediates virus entry into cells. The pretriggered (State-1) Env conformation is the major target for broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), whereas receptor-induced downstream Env conformations elicit immunodominant, poorly neutralizing antibody (pNAb) responses. To examine the contribution of membrane anchorage to the maintenance of the metastable pretriggered Env conformation, we compared wild-type and State-1-stabilized Envs solubilized in detergents or in styrene-maleic acid (SMA) copolymers. SMA directly incorporates membrane lipids and resident membrane proteins into lipid nanoparticles (styrene-maleic acid lipid particles [SMALPs]). The integrity of the Env trimer in SMALPs was maintained at both 4°C and room temperature. In contrast, Envs solubilized in Cymal-5, a nonionic detergent, were unstable at room temperature, although their stability was improved at 4°C and/or after incubation with the entry inhibitor BMS-806. Envs solubilized in ionic detergents were relatively unstable at either temperature. Comparison of Envs solubilized in Cymal-5 and SMA at 4°C revealed subtle differences in bNAb binding to the gp41 membrane-proximal external region, consistent with these distinct modes of Env solubilization. Otherwise, the antigenicity of the Cymal-5- and SMA-solubilized Envs was remarkably similar, both in the absence and in the presence of BMS-806. However, both solubilized Envs were recognized differently from the mature membrane Env by specific bNAbs and pNAbs. Thus, detergent-based and detergent-free solubilization at 4°C alters the pretriggered membrane Env conformation in consistent ways, suggesting that Env assumes default conformations when its association with the membrane is disrupted. IMPORTANCE The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope glycoproteins (Envs) in the viral membrane mediate virus entry into the host cell and are targeted by neutralizing antibodies elicited by natural infection or vaccines. Detailed studies of membrane proteins rely on purification procedures that allow the proteins to maintain their natural conformation. In this study, we show that a styrene-maleic acid (SMA) copolymer can extract HIV-1 Env from a membrane without the use of detergents. The Env in SMA is more stable at room temperature than Env in detergents. The purified Env in SMA maintains many but not all of the characteristics expected of the natural membrane Env. Our results underscore the importance of the membrane environment to the native conformation of HIV-1 Env. Purification methods that bypass the need for detergents could be useful tools for future studies of HIV-1 Env structure and its interaction with receptors and antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhou
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shijian Zhang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hanh T. Nguyen
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Haitao Ding
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Althea Gaffney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John C. Kappes
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Amos B. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joseph G. Sodroski
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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30
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Cottrell CA, Pratap PP, Cirelli KM, Carnathan DG, Enemuo CA, Antanasijevic A, Ozorowski G, Sewall LM, Gao H, Greene KM, Allen JD, Ngo JT, Choe Y, Nogal B, Silva M, Bhiman J, Pauthner M, Irvine DJ, Montefiori D, Crispin M, Burton DR, Silvestri G, Crotty S, Ward AB. Focusing antibody responses to the fusion peptide in rhesus macaques. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.26.545779. [PMID: 37425865 PMCID: PMC10327030 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.26.545779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Immunodominance of antibodies targeting non-neutralizing epitopes and the high level of somatic hypermutation within germinal centers (GCs) required for most HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) are major impediments to the development of an effective HIV vaccine. Rational protein vaccine design and non-conventional immunization strategies are potential avenues to overcome these hurdles. Here, we report using implantable osmotic pumps to continuously deliver a series of epitope-targeted immunogens to rhesus macaques over the course of six months to elicit immune responses against the conserved fusion peptide. Antibody specificities and GC responses were tracked longitudinally using electron microscopy polyclonal epitope mapping (EMPEM) and lymph node fine-needle aspirates, respectively. Application of cryoEMPEM delineated key residues for on-target and off-target responses that can drive the next round of structure-based vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Cottrell
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Payal P. Pratap
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kimberly M. Cirelli
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Diane G. Carnathan
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Chiamaka A Enemuo
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Aleksandar Antanasijevic
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gabriel Ozorowski
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Leigh M. Sewall
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hongmei Gao
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kelli M. Greene
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joel D. Allen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Julia T. Ngo
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Yury Choe
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Bartek Nogal
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Murillo Silva
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jinal Bhiman
- Centre for HIV and STI, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Darrell J. Irvine
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - David Montefiori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Max Crispin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Dennis R. Burton
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA02139, USA
| | - Guido Silvestri
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Shane Crotty
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Andrew B. Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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31
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Zhang X, Zhou Z. The Mechanism of bnAb Production and Its Application in Mutable Virus Broad-Spectrum Vaccines: Inspiration from HIV-1 Broad Neutralization Research. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1143. [PMID: 37514959 PMCID: PMC10384589 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Elite controllers among HIV-1-infected individuals have demonstrated a stronger ability to control the viral load in their bodies. Scientists have isolated antibodies with strong neutralizing ability from these individuals, which can neutralize HIV-1 variations; these are known as broadly neutralizing antibodies. The nucleic acid of some viruses will constantly mutate during replication (such as SARS-CoV-2), which will reduce the protective ability of the corresponding vaccines. The immune escape caused by this mutation is the most severe challenge faced by humans in the battle against the virus. Therefore, developing broad-spectrum vaccines that can induce broadly neutralizing antibodies against various viruses and their mutated strains is the best way to combat virus mutations. Exploring the mechanism by which the human immune system produces broadly neutralizing antibodies and its induction strategies is crucial in the design process of broad-spectrum vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC) and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, No. 31 Huatuo Street, Daxing District, Beijing 102629, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zehua Zhou
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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32
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Sastry M, Changela A, Gorman J, Xu K, Chuang GY, Shen CH, Cheng C, Geng H, O'Dell S, Ou L, Rawi R, Reveiz M, Stewart-Jones GBE, Wang S, Zhang B, Zhou T, Biju A, Chambers M, Chen X, Corrigan AR, Lin BC, Louder MK, McKee K, Nazzari AF, Olia AS, Parchment DK, Sarfo EK, Stephens T, Stuckey J, Tsybovsky Y, Verardi R, Wang Y, Zheng CY, Chen Y, Doria-Rose NA, McDermott AB, Mascola JR, Kwong PD. Diverse Murine Vaccinations Reveal Distinct Antibody Classes to Target Fusion Peptide and Variation in Peptide Length to Improve HIV Neutralization. J Virol 2023; 97:e0160422. [PMID: 37098956 PMCID: PMC10234334 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01604-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
While neutralizing antibodies that target the HIV-1 fusion peptide have been elicited in mice by vaccination, antibodies reported thus far have been from only a single antibody class that could neutralize ~30% of HIV-1 strains. To explore the ability of the murine immune system to generate cross-clade neutralizing antibodies and to investigate how higher breadth and potency might be achieved, we tested 17 prime-boost regimens that utilized diverse fusion peptide-carrier conjugates and HIV-1 envelope trimers with different fusion peptides. We observed priming in mice with fusion peptide-carrier conjugates of variable peptide length to elicit higher neutralizing responses, a result we confirmed in guinea pigs. From vaccinated mice, we isolated 21 antibodies, belonging to 4 distinct classes of fusion peptide-directed antibodies capable of cross-clade neutralization. Top antibodies from each class collectively neutralized over 50% of a 208-strain panel. Structural analyses - both X-ray and cryo-EM - revealed each antibody class to recognize a distinct conformation of fusion peptide and to have a binding pocket capable of accommodating diverse fusion peptides. Murine vaccinations can thus elicit diverse neutralizing antibodies, and altering peptide length during prime can improve the elicitation of cross-clade responses targeting the fusion peptide site of HIV-1 vulnerability. IMPORTANCE The HIV-1 fusion peptide has been identified as a site for elicitation of broadly neutralizing antibodies, with prior studies demonstrating that priming with fusion peptide-based immunogens and boosting with soluble envelope (Env) trimers can elicit cross-clade HIV-1-neutralizing responses. To improve the neutralizing breadth and potency of fusion peptide-directed responses, we evaluated vaccine regimens that incorporated diverse fusion peptide-conjugates and Env trimers with variation in fusion peptide length and sequence. We found that variation in peptide length during prime elicits enhanced neutralizing responses in mice and guinea pigs. We identified vaccine-elicited murine monoclonal antibodies from distinct classes capable of cross-clade neutralization and of diverse fusion peptide recognition. Our findings lend insight into improved immunogens and regimens for HIV-1 vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallika Sastry
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anita Changela
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jason Gorman
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kai Xu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gwo-Yu Chuang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chen-Hsiang Shen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hui Geng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sijy O'Dell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Li Ou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Reda Rawi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mateo Reveiz
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Shuishu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrea Biju
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Chambers
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xuejun Chen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Angela R. Corrigan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bob C. Lin
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark K. Louder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Krisha McKee
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Adam S. Olia
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Edward K. Sarfo
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tyler Stephens
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan Stuckey
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Raffaello Verardi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yiran Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cheng-Yan Zheng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Adrian B. McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John R. Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter D. Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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33
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Cohen KW, De Rosa SC, Fulp WJ, deCamp AC, Fiore-Gartland A, Mahoney CR, Furth S, Donahue J, Whaley RE, Ballweber-Fleming L, Seese A, Schwedhelm K, Geraghty D, Finak G, Menis S, Leggat DJ, Rahaman F, Lombardo A, Borate BR, Philiponis V, Maenza J, Diemert D, Kolokythas O, Khati N, Bethony J, Hyrien O, Laufer DS, Koup RA, McDermott AB, Schief WR, McElrath MJ. A first-in-human germline-targeting HIV nanoparticle vaccine induced broad and publicly targeted helper T cell responses. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadf3309. [PMID: 37224227 PMCID: PMC11036875 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adf3309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The engineered outer domain germline targeting version 8 (eOD-GT8) 60-mer nanoparticle was designed to prime VRC01-class HIV-specific B cells that would need to be matured, through additional heterologous immunizations, into B cells that are able to produce broadly neutralizing antibodies. CD4 T cell help will be critical for the development of such high-affinity neutralizing antibody responses. Thus, we assessed the induction and epitope specificities of the vaccine-specific T cells from the IAVI G001 phase 1 clinical trial that tested immunization with eOD-GT8 60-mer adjuvanted with AS01B. Robust polyfunctional CD4 T cells specific for eOD-GT8 and the lumazine synthase (LumSyn) component of eOD-GT8 60-mer were induced after two vaccinations with either the 20- or 100-microgram dose. Antigen-specific CD4 T helper responses to eOD-GT8 and LumSyn were observed in 84 and 93% of vaccine recipients, respectively. CD4 helper T cell epitope "hotspots" preferentially targeted across participants were identified within both the eOD-GT8 and LumSyn proteins. CD4 T cell responses specific to one of these three LumSyn epitope hotspots were observed in 85% of vaccine recipients. Last, we found that induction of vaccine-specific peripheral CD4 T cells correlated with expansion of eOD-GT8-specific memory B cells. Our findings demonstrate strong human CD4 T cell responses to an HIV vaccine candidate priming immunogen and identify immunodominant CD4 T cell epitopes that might improve human immune responses either to heterologous boost immunogens after this prime vaccination or to other human vaccine immunogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen W. Cohen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Stephen C. De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - William J. Fulp
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Allan C. deCamp
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Andrew Fiore-Gartland
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Celia R. Mahoney
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sarah Furth
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Josh Donahue
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Rachael E. Whaley
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lamar Ballweber-Fleming
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Aaron Seese
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Katharine Schwedhelm
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Daniel Geraghty
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Greg Finak
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sergey Menis
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92307, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92307, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92307, USA
| | - David J. Leggat
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Farhad Rahaman
- IAVI, 125 Broad Street, 9th Floor, New York, NY 10004, USA
| | | | - Bhavesh R. Borate
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Janine Maenza
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - David Diemert
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington DC, 20052, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
| | - Orpheus Kolokythas
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nadia Khati
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
| | - Jeffrey Bethony
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington DC, 20052, USA
| | - Ollivier Hyrien
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Richard A. Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adrian B. McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - William R. Schief
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92307, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92307, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92307, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - M. Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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34
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Ellis D, Dosey A, Boyoglu-Barnum S, Park YJ, Gillespie R, Syeda H, Tsybovsky Y, Murphy M, Pettie D, Matheson N, Chan S, Ueda G, Fallas JA, Carter L, Graham BS, Veesler D, Kanekiyo M, King NP. Antigen spacing on protein nanoparticles influences antibody responses to vaccination. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.23.541980. [PMID: 37292995 PMCID: PMC10245855 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.23.541980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Immunogen design approaches aim to control the specificity and quality of antibody responses to enable the creation of next-generation vaccines with improved potency and breadth. However, our understanding of the relationship between immunogen structure and immunogenicity is limited. Here we use computational protein design to generate a self-assembling nanoparticle vaccine platform based on the head domain of influenza hemagglutinin (HA) that enables precise control of antigen conformation, flexibility, and spacing on the nanoparticle exterior. Domain-based HA head antigens were presented either as monomers or in a native-like closed trimeric conformation that prevents exposure of trimer interface epitopes. These antigens were connected to the underlying nanoparticle by a rigid linker that was modularly extended to precisely control antigen spacing. We found that nanoparticle immunogens with decreased spacing between closed trimeric head antigens elicited antibodies with improved hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and neutralization potency as well as binding breadth across diverse HAs within a subtype. Our "trihead" nanoparticle immunogen platform thus enables new insights into anti-HA immunity, establishes antigen spacing as an important parameter in structure-based vaccine design, and embodies several design features that could be used to generate next-generation vaccines against influenza and other viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ellis
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Daniel Ellis and Annie Dosey
| | - Annie Dosey
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Daniel Ellis and Annie Dosey
| | - Seyhan Boyoglu-Barnum
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Young-Jun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Rebecca Gillespie
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hubza Syeda
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Vaccine Research Center Electron Microscopy Unit, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Michael Murphy
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Deleah Pettie
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nick Matheson
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sidney Chan
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - George Ueda
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jorge A. Fallas
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lauren Carter
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Barney S. Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Masaru Kanekiyo
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Neil P. King
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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35
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Odio CD, Lowman KE, Law M, Aogo RA, Hunsberger S, Wood BJ, Kassin M, Levy E, Callier V, Firdous S, Hasund CM, Voirin C, Kattappuram R, Yek C, Manning J, Durbin A, Whitehead SS, Katzelnick LC. Phase 1 trial to model primary, secondary, and tertiary dengue using a monovalent vaccine. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:345. [PMID: 37221466 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08299-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The four co-circulating and immunologically interactive dengue virus serotypes (DENV1-4) pose a unique challenge to vaccine design because sub-protective immunity can increase the risk of severe dengue disease. Existing dengue vaccines have lower efficacy in DENV seronegative individuals but higher efficacy in DENV exposed individuals. There is an urgent need to identify immunological measures that are strongly associated with protection against viral replication and disease following sequential exposure to distinct serotypes. METHODS/DESIGN This is a phase 1 trial wherein healthy adults with neutralizing antibodies to zero (seronegative), one non-DENV3 (heterotypic), or more than one (polytypic) DENV serotype will be vaccinated with the live attenuated DENV3 monovalent vaccine rDEN3Δ30/31-7164. We will examine how pre-vaccine host immunity influences the safety and immunogenicity of DENV3 vaccination in a non-endemic population. We hypothesize that the vaccine will be safe and well tolerated, and all groups will have a significant increase in the DENV1-4 neutralizing antibody geometric mean titer between days 0 and 28. Compared to the seronegative group, the polytypic group will have lower mean peak vaccine viremia, due to protection conferred by prior DENV exposure, while the heterotypic group will have higher mean peak viremia, due to mild enhancement. Secondary and exploratory endpoints include characterizing serological, innate, and adaptive cell responses; evaluating proviral or antiviral contributions of DENV-infected cells; and immunologically profiling the transcriptome, surface proteins, and B and T cell receptor sequences and affinities of single cells in both peripheral blood and draining lymph nodes sampled via serial image-guided fine needle aspiration. DISCUSSION This trial will compare the immune responses after primary, secondary, and tertiary DENV exposure in naturally infected humans living in non-endemic areas. By evaluating dengue vaccines in a new population and modeling the induction of cross-serotypic immunity, this work may inform vaccine evaluation and broaden potential target populations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT05691530 registered on January 20, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila D Odio
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Kelsey E Lowman
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Melissa Law
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rosemary A Aogo
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sally Hunsberger
- Division of Clinical Research, Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brad J Wood
- Interventional Radiology and Center for Interventional Oncology, NIH Clinical Center and National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael Kassin
- Interventional Radiology and Center for Interventional Oncology, NIH Clinical Center and National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elliot Levy
- Interventional Radiology and Center for Interventional Oncology, NIH Clinical Center and National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Viviane Callier
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, USA
| | - Saba Firdous
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chloe M Hasund
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Charlie Voirin
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robbie Kattappuram
- Department of Pharmacy, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christina Yek
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jessica Manning
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anna Durbin
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephen S Whitehead
- Arbovirus Vaccine Research Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leah C Katzelnick
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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36
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Bale S, Yang L, Alirezaei M, Wilson R, Ota T, Doyle ED, Cottrell C, Guenaga J, Tran K, Li W, Stamatatos L, Nemazee D, Ward AB, Wyatt RT. Fusion of the molecular adjuvant C3d to cleavage-independent native-like HIV-1 Env trimers improves the elicited antibody response. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1180959. [PMID: 37283743 PMCID: PMC10239957 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1180959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An effective HIV vaccine likely requires the elicitation of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against multiple HIV-1 clades. The recently developed cleavage-independent native flexibly linked (NFL) envelope (Env) trimers exhibit well-ordered conformation and elicit autologous tier 2 NAbs in multiple animal models. Here, we investigated whether the fusion of molecular adjuvant C3d to the Env trimers can improve B- cell germinal center (GC) formation and antibody responses. To generate Env-C3d trimers, we performed a glycine-serine- based (G4S) flexible peptide linker screening and identified a linker range that allowed native folding. A 30-60- amino- acid- long linker facilitates Env-to-C3d association and achieves the secretion of well-ordered trimers and the structural integrity and functional integrity of Env and C3d. The fusion of C3d did not dramatically affect the antigenicity of the Env trimers and enhanced the ability of the Env trimers to engage and activate B cells in vitro. In mice, the fusion of C3d enhanced germinal center formation, the magnitude of Env-specific binding antibodies, and the avidity of the antibodies in the presence of an adjuvant. The Sigma Adjuvant System (SAS) did not affect the trimer integrity in vitro but contributed to altered immunogenicity in vivo, resulting in increased tier 1 neutralization, likely by increased exposure of variable region 3 (V3). Taken together, the results indicate that the fusion of the molecular adjuvant, C3d, to the Env trimers improves antibody responses and could be useful for Env-based vaccines against HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shridhar Bale
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Lifei Yang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Mehrdad Alirezaei
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Richard Wilson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Takayuki Ota
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Esmeralda D. Doyle
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Christopher A. Cottrell
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Javier Guenaga
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Karen Tran
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Leonidas Stamatatos
- Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - David Nemazee
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Andrew B. Ward
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Richard T. Wyatt
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
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37
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Wang K, Zhang S, Go EP, Ding H, Wang WL, Nguyen HT, Kappes JC, Desaire H, Sodroski J, Mao Y. Asymmetric conformations of cleaved HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimers in styrene-maleic acid lipid nanoparticles. Commun Biol 2023; 6:535. [PMID: 37202420 PMCID: PMC10195785 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04916-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
During virus entry, the pretriggered human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer initially transits into a default intermediate state (DIS) that remains structurally uncharacterized. Here, we present cryo-EM structures at near-atomic resolution of two cleaved full-length HIV-1 Env trimers purified from cell membranes in styrene-maleic acid lipid nanoparticles without antibodies or receptors. The cleaved Env trimers exhibited tighter subunit packing than uncleaved trimers. Cleaved and uncleaved Env trimers assumed remarkably consistent yet distinct asymmetric conformations, with one smaller and two larger opening angles. Breaking conformational symmetry is allosterically coupled with dynamic helical transformations of the gp41 N-terminal heptad repeat (HR1N) regions in two protomers and with trimer tilting in the membrane. The broken symmetry of the DIS potentially assists Env binding to two CD4 receptors-while resisting antibody binding-and promotes extension of the gp41 HR1 helical coiled-coil, which relocates the fusion peptide closer to the target cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Joint Center for Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shijian Zhang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eden P Go
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Haitao Ding
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Wei Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanh T Nguyen
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John C Kappes
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Heather Desaire
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Joseph Sodroski
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Youdong Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Peking-Tsinghua Joint Center for Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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38
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Richard J, Prévost J, Bourassa C, Brassard N, Boutin M, Benlarbi M, Goyette G, Medjahed H, Gendron-Lepage G, Gaudette F, Chen HC, Tolbert WD, Smith AB, Pazgier M, Dubé M, Clark A, Mothes W, Kaufmann DE, Finzi A. Temsavir blocks the immunomodulatory activities of HIV-1 soluble gp120. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:540-552.e6. [PMID: 36958337 PMCID: PMC10198848 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
While HIV-1-mediated CD4 downregulation protects infected cells from antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), shed gp120 binds to CD4 on uninfected bystander CD4+ T cells, sensitizing them to ADCC mediated by HIV+ plasma. Soluble gp120-CD4 interaction on multiple immune cells also triggers a cytokine burst. The small molecule temsavir acts as an HIV-1 attachment inhibitor by preventing envelope glycoprotein (Env)-CD4 interaction and alters the overall antigenicity of Env by affecting its processing and glycosylation. Here we show that temsavir also blocks the immunomodulatory activities of shed gp120. Temsavir prevents shed gp120 from interacting with uninfected bystander CD4+ cells, protecting them from ADCC responses and preventing a cytokine burst. Mechanistically, this depends on temsavir's capacity to prevent soluble gp120-CD4 interaction, to reduce gp120 shedding, and to alter gp120 antigenicity. This suggests that the clinical benefits provided by temsavir could extend beyond blocking viral entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Richard
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie, et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Jérémie Prévost
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie, et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | | | | | - Marianne Boutin
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie, et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Mehdi Benlarbi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie, et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Fleur Gaudette
- Plateforme de Pharmacocinétique, Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Hung-Ching Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - William D Tolbert
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
| | - Amos B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Marzena Pazgier
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
| | - Mathieu Dubé
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Andrew Clark
- ViiV Healthcare, Global Medical Affairs, Middlesex TW8 9GS, UK
| | - Walther Mothes
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Daniel E Kaufmann
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie, et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada.
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Yang L, Van Beek M, Wang Z, Muecksch F, Canis M, Hatziioannou T, Bieniasz PD, Nussenzweig MC, Chakraborty AK. Antigen presentation dynamics shape the antibody response to variants like SARS-CoV-2 Omicron after multiple vaccinations with the original strain. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112256. [PMID: 36952347 PMCID: PMC9986127 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is not effectively neutralized by most antibodies elicited by two doses of mRNA vaccines, but a third dose increases anti-Omicron neutralizing antibodies. We reveal mechanisms underlying this observation by combining computational modeling with data from vaccinated humans. After the first dose, limited antigen availability in germinal centers (GCs) results in a response dominated by B cells that target immunodominant epitopes that are mutated in an Omicron-like variant. After the second dose, these memory cells expand and differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies that are thus ineffective for such variants. However, these pre-existing antigen-specific antibodies transport antigen efficiently to secondary GCs. They also partially mask immunodominant epitopes. Enhanced antigen availability and epitope masking in secondary GCs together result in generation of memory B cells that target subdominant epitopes that are less mutated in Omicron. The third dose expands these cells and boosts anti-variant neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leerang Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Matthew Van Beek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zijun Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Frauke Muecksch
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Marie Canis
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Paul D Bieniasz
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michel C Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Arup K Chakraborty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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40
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Zhang YN, Paynter J, Antanasijevic A, Allen JD, Eldad M, Lee YZ, Copps J, Newby ML, He L, Chavez D, Frost P, Goodroe A, Dutton J, Lanford R, Chen C, Wilson IA, Crispin M, Ward AB, Zhu J. Single-component multilayered self-assembling protein nanoparticles presenting glycan-trimmed uncleaved prefusion optimized envelope trimmers as HIV-1 vaccine candidates. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1985. [PMID: 37031217 PMCID: PMC10082823 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37742-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncleaved prefusion-optimized (UFO) design can stabilize diverse HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Envs). Single-component, self-assembling protein nanoparticles (1c-SApNP) can display 8 or 20 native-like Env trimers as vaccine candidates. We characterize the biophysical, structural, and antigenic properties of 1c-SApNPs that present the BG505 UFO trimer with wildtype and modified glycans. For 1c-SApNPs, glycan trimming improves recognition of the CD4 binding site without affecting broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to major glycan epitopes. In mice, rabbits, and nonhuman primates, glycan trimming increases the frequency of vaccine responders (FVR) and steers antibody responses away from immunodominant glycan holes and glycan patches. The mechanism of vaccine-induced immunity is examined in mice. Compared with the UFO trimer, the multilayered E2p and I3-01v9 1c-SApNPs show 420 times longer retention in lymph node follicles, 20-32 times greater presentation on follicular dendritic cell dendrites, and up-to-4 times stronger germinal center reactions. These findings can inform future HIV-1 vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Nan Zhang
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jennifer Paynter
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Aleksandar Antanasijevic
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Joel D Allen
- School of Biological Sciences, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Mor Eldad
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Yi-Zong Lee
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jeffrey Copps
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Maddy L Newby
- School of Biological Sciences, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Linling He
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Deborah Chavez
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Pat Frost
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Anna Goodroe
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - John Dutton
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Robert Lanford
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Christopher Chen
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Ian A Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Max Crispin
- School of Biological Sciences, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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Nguyen HT, Wang Q, Anang S, Sodroski JG. Characterization of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) Envelope Glycoprotein Conformational States on Infectious Virus Particles. J Virol 2023; 97:e0185722. [PMID: 36815832 PMCID: PMC10062176 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01857-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) entry into cells involves triggering of the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer ([gp120/gp41]3) by the primary receptor, CD4, and coreceptors, CCR5 or CXCR4. The pretriggered (State-1) conformation of the mature (cleaved) Env is targeted by broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), which are inefficiently elicited compared with poorly neutralizing antibodies (pNAbs). Here, we characterize variants of the moderately triggerable HIV-1AD8 Env on virions produced by an infectious molecular proviral clone; such virions contain more cleaved Env than pseudotyped viruses. We identified three types of cleaved wild-type AD8 Env trimers on virions: (i) State-1-like trimers preferentially recognized by bNAbs and exhibiting strong subunit association; (ii) trimers recognized by pNAbs directed against the gp120 coreceptor-binding region and exhibiting weak, detergent-sensitive subunit association; and (iii) a minor gp41-only population. The first Env population was enriched and the other Env populations reduced by introducing State-1-stabilizing changes in the AD8 Env or by treatment of the virions with crosslinker or the State-1-preferring entry inhibitor, BMS-806. These stabilized AD8 Envs were also more resistant to gp120 shedding induced by a CD4-mimetic compound or by incubation on ice. Conversely, a State-1-destabilized, CD4-independent AD8 Env variant exhibited weaker bNAb recognition and stronger pNAb recognition. Similar relationships between Env triggerability and antigenicity/shedding propensity on virions were observed for other HIV-1 strains. State-1 Envs on virions can be significantly enriched by minimizing the adventitious incorporation of uncleaved Env; stabilizing the pretriggered conformation by Env modification, crosslinking or BMS-806 treatment; strengthening Env subunit interactions; and using CD4-negative producer cells. IMPORTANCE Efforts to develop an effective HIV-1 vaccine have been frustrated by the inability to elicit broad neutralizing antibodies that recognize multiple virus strains. Such antibodies can bind a particular shape of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimer, as it exists on a viral membrane but before engaging receptors on the host cell. Here, we establish simple yet powerful assays to characterize the envelope glycoproteins in a natural context on virus particles. We find that, depending on the HIV-1 strain, some envelope glycoproteins change shape and fall apart, creating decoys that can potentially divert the host immune response. We identify requirements to keep the relevant envelope glycoprotein target for broad neutralizing antibodies intact on virus-like particles. These studies suggest strategies that should facilitate efforts to produce and use virus-like particles as vaccine immunogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanh T. Nguyen
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Saumya Anang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph G. Sodroski
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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42
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Martina CE, Crowe JE, Meiler J. Glycan masking in vaccine design: Targets, immunogens and applications. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1126034. [PMID: 37033915 PMCID: PMC10076883 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1126034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycan masking is a novel technique in reverse vaccinology in which sugar chains (glycans) are added on the surface of immunogen candidates to hide regions of low interest and thus focus the immune system on highly therapeutic epitopes. This shielding strategy is inspired by viruses such as influenza and HIV, which are able to escape the immune system by incorporating additional glycosylation and preventing the binding of therapeutic antibodies. Interestingly, the glycan masking technique is mainly used in vaccine design to fight the same viruses that naturally use glycans to evade the immune system. In this review we report the major successes obtained with the glycan masking technique in epitope-focused vaccine design. We focus on the choice of the target antigen, the strategy for immunogen design and the relevance of the carrier vector to induce a strong immune response. Moreover, we will elucidate the different applications that can be accomplished with glycan masking, such as shifting the immune response from hyper-variable epitopes to more conserved ones, focusing the response on known therapeutic epitopes, broadening the response to different viral strains/sub-types and altering the antigen immunogenicity to elicit higher or lower immune response, as desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina E. Martina
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - James E. Crowe
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jens Meiler
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University Medical School, Leipzig, Germany
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43
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Underwood AP, Sølund C, Fernandez-Antunez C, Villadsen SL, Mikkelsen LS, Fahnøe U, Bollerup S, Winckelmann AA, Schneider UV, Binderup A, Vizgirda G, Sørensen AL, Vinten CN, Dalegaard MI, Ramirez S, Weis N, Bukh J. Durability and breadth of neutralisation following multiple antigen exposures to SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or COVID-19 vaccination. EBioMedicine 2023; 89:104475. [PMID: 36870117 PMCID: PMC9978324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the importance of vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the prevention of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), detailed long-term analyses of neutralising antibody responses are required to inform immunisation strategies. METHODS In this study, longitudinal neutralising antibody titres to an ancestral SARS-CoV-2 isolate and cross-neutralisation to delta and omicron isolates were analysed in individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2, vaccinated against COVID-19, or a complex mix thereof with up to two years of follow-up. FINDINGS Both infection-induced and vaccine-induced neutralising responses against SARS-CoV-2 appeared to follow similar decay patterns. Following vaccination in previously infected individuals, neutralising antibody responses were more durable than prior to vaccination. Further, this study shows that vaccination after infection, as well as booster vaccination, increases the cross-neutralising potential to both delta and omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants. INTERPRETATION Taken together, these results suggest that neither type of antigen exposure is superior for neutralising antibody durability. However, these results support vaccination to increase the durability and cross-neutralisation potential of neutralising responses, thereby enhancing protection against severe COVID-19. FUNDING This work was supported by grants from The Capital Region of Denmark's Research Foundation, the Novo Nordisk Foundation, the Independent Research Fund Denmark, the Candys Foundation, and the Danish Agency for Science and Higher Education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Underwood
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Christina Sølund
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Carlota Fernandez-Antunez
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Signe Lysemose Villadsen
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Lotte S Mikkelsen
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Fahnøe
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Signe Bollerup
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Anni Assing Winckelmann
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Uffe Vest Schneider
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Alekxander Binderup
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Greta Vizgirda
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Anna-Louise Sørensen
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | | | | | - Santseharay Ramirez
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Nina Weis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Bukh
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.
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44
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Bell BN, Bruun TUJ, Friedland N, Kim PS. HIV-1 prehairpin intermediate inhibitors show efficacy independent of neutralization tier. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2215792120. [PMID: 36795752 PMCID: PMC9974412 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2215792120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 strains are categorized into one of three neutralization tiers based on the relative ease by which they are neutralized by plasma from HIV-1-infected donors not on antiretroviral therapy; tier-1 strains are particularly sensitive to neutralization while tier-2 and tier-3 strains are increasingly difficult to neutralize. Most broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) previously described target the native prefusion conformation of HIV-1 Envelope (Env), but the relevance of the tiered categories for inhibitors targeting another Env conformation, the prehairpin intermediate, is not well understood. Here, we show that two inhibitors targeting distinct highly conserved regions of the prehairpin intermediate have strikingly consistent neutralization potencies (within ~100-fold for a given inhibitor) against strains in all three neutralization tiers of HIV-1; in contrast, best-in-class bnAbs targeting diverse Env epitopes vary by more than 10,000-fold in potency against these strains. Our results indicate that antisera-based HIV-1 neutralization tiers are not relevant for inhibitors targeting the prehairpin intermediate and highlight the potential for therapies and vaccine efforts targeting this conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin N. Bell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Theodora U. J. Bruun
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Natalia Friedland
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Peter S. Kim
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA94158
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45
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Ivanochko D, Fabra-García A, Teelen K, van de Vegte-Bolmer M, van Gemert GJ, Newton J, Semesi A, de Bruijni M, Bolscher J, Ramjith J, Szabat M, Vogt S, Kraft L, Duncan S, Lee SM, Kamya MR, Feeney ME, Jagannathan P, Greenhouse B, Sauerwein RW, Richter King C, MacGill RS, Bousema T, Jore MM, Julien JP. Potent transmission-blocking monoclonal antibodies from naturally exposed individuals target a conserved epitope on Plasmodium falciparum Pfs230. Immunity 2023; 56:420-432.e7. [PMID: 36792575 PMCID: PMC9942874 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Pfs230 is essential for Plasmodium falciparum transmission to mosquitoes and is the protein targeted by the most advanced malaria-transmission-blocking vaccine candidate. Prior understanding of functional epitopes on Pfs230 is based on two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with moderate transmission-reducing activity (TRA), elicited from subunit immunization. Here, we screened the B cell repertoire of two naturally exposed individuals possessing serum TRA and identified five potent mAbs from sixteen Pfs230 domain-1-specific mAbs. Structures of three potent and three low-activity antibodies bound to Pfs230 domain 1 revealed four distinct epitopes. Highly potent mAbs from natural infection recognized a common conformational epitope that is highly conserved across P. falciparum field isolates, while antibodies with negligible TRA derived from natural infection or immunization recognized three distinct sites. Our study provides molecular blueprints describing P. falciparum TRA, informed by contrasting potent and non-functional epitopes elicited by natural exposure and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danton Ivanochko
- Program in Molecular Medicine, the Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Karina Teelen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jocelyn Newton
- Program in Molecular Medicine, the Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony Semesi
- Program in Molecular Medicine, the Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Jordache Ramjith
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department for Health Evidence, Biostatistics Section, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Lucas Kraft
- AbCellera Biologics Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Shwu-Maan Lee
- PATH's Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Washington, DC 20001, USA
| | - Moses R Kamya
- Infectious Disease Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Margaret E Feeney
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Prasanna Jagannathan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bryan Greenhouse
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - C Richter King
- PATH's Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Washington, DC 20001, USA
| | | | - Teun Bousema
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Matthijs M Jore
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Jean-Philippe Julien
- Program in Molecular Medicine, the Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Departments of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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46
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Nielsen CM, Barrett JR, Davis C, Fallon JK, Goh C, Michell AR, Griffin C, Kwok A, Loos C, Darko S, Laboune F, Tekman M, Diouf A, Miura K, Francica JR, Ransier A, Long CA, Silk SE, Payne RO, Minassian AM, Lauffenburger DA, Seder RA, Douek DC, Alter G, Draper SJ. Delayed boosting improves human antigen-specific Ig and B cell responses to the RH5.1/AS01B malaria vaccine. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e163859. [PMID: 36692019 PMCID: PMC9977309 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.163859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Modifications to vaccine delivery that increase serum antibody longevity are of great interest for maximizing efficacy. We have previously shown that a delayed fractional (DFx) dosing schedule (0-1-6 month) - using AS01B-adjuvanted RH5.1 malaria antigen - substantially improves serum IgG durability as compared with monthly dosing (0-1-2 month; NCT02927145). However, the underlying mechanism and whether there are wider immunological changes with DFx dosing were unclear. Here, PfRH5-specific Ig and B cell responses were analyzed in depth through standardized ELISAs, flow cytometry, systems serology, and single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq). Data indicate that DFx dosing increases the magnitude and durability of circulating PfRH5-specific B cells and serum IgG1. At the peak antibody magnitude, DFx dosing was distinguished by a systems serology feature set comprising increased FcRn binding, IgG avidity, and proportion of G2B and G2S2F IgG Fc glycans, alongside decreased IgG3, antibody-dependent complement deposition, and proportion of G1S1F IgG Fc glycan. Concomitantly, scRNA-Seq data show a higher CDR3 percentage of mutation from germline and decreased plasma cell gene expression in circulating PfRH5-specific B cells. Our data, therefore, reveal a profound impact of DFx dosing on the humoral response and suggest plausible mechanisms that could enhance antibody longevity, including improved FcRn binding by serum Ig and a potential shift in the underlying cellular response from circulating short-lived plasma cells to nonperipheral long-lived plasma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christine Davis
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan K. Fallon
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cyndi Goh
- University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Ashlin R. Michell
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Catherine Griffin
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew Kwok
- University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Carolin Loos
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samuel Darko
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Farida Laboune
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mehmet Tekman
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ababacar Diouf
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, NIAID/NIH, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Kazutoyo Miura
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, NIAID/NIH, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Amy Ransier
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Carole A. Long
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, NIAID/NIH, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah E. Silk
- University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth O. Payne
- University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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47
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Kwiatkowska KM, Mkindi CG, Nielsen CM. Human lymphoid tissue sampling for vaccinology. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1045529. [PMID: 36466924 PMCID: PMC9714609 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1045529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs) - largely resident in the bone marrow - secrete antibody over months and years, thus maintaining serum antibody concentrations relevant for vaccine-mediated immunity. Little is known regarding factors that can modulate the induction of human LLPC responses in draining lymph node germinal centres, or those that maintain LLPCs in bone marrow niches following vaccination. Here, we review human and non-human primate vaccination studies which incorporate draining lymph node and/or bone marrow aspirate sampling. We emphasise the key contributions these samples can make to improve our understanding of LLPC immunology and guide rational vaccine development. Specifically, we highlight findings related to the impact of vaccine dosing regimens, adjuvant/vaccine platform selection, duration of germinal centre reactions in draining lymph nodes and relevance for timing of tissue sampling, and heterogeneity in bone marrow plasma cell populations. Much of this work has come from recent studies with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates or, with respect to the non-human primate work, HIV vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine G. Mkindi
- Department of Intervention and Clinical Trials, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Carolyn M. Nielsen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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48
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Olshefsky A, Richardson C, Pun SH, King NP. Engineering Self-Assembling Protein Nanoparticles for Therapeutic Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:2018-2034. [PMID: 35487503 PMCID: PMC9673152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite remarkable advances over the past several decades, many therapeutic nanomaterials fail to overcome major in vivo delivery barriers. Controlling immunogenicity, optimizing biodistribution, and engineering environmental responsiveness are key outstanding delivery problems for most nanotherapeutics. However, notable exceptions exist including some lipid and polymeric nanoparticles, some virus-based nanoparticles, and nanoparticle vaccines where immunogenicity is desired. Self-assembling protein nanoparticles offer a powerful blend of modularity and precise designability to the field, and have the potential to solve many of the major barriers to delivery. In this review, we provide a brief overview of key designable features of protein nanoparticles and their implications for therapeutic delivery applications. We anticipate that protein nanoparticles will rapidly grow in their prevalence and impact as clinically relevant delivery platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Olshefsky
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Institute
for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Christian Richardson
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Institute
for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Suzie H. Pun
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Molecular
Engineering and Sciences Institute, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Neil P. King
- Institute
for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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49
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Gorman J, Wang C, Mason RD, Nazzari AF, Welles HC, Zhou T, Bess JW, Bylund T, Lee M, Tsybovsky Y, Verardi R, Wang S, Yang Y, Zhang B, Rawi R, Keele BF, Lifson JD, Liu J, Roederer M, Kwong PD. Cryo-EM structures of prefusion SIV envelope trimer. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2022; 29:1080-1091. [PMID: 36344847 PMCID: PMC10606957 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-022-00852-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) are lentiviruses that naturally infect non-human primates of African origin and seeded cross-species transmissions of HIV-1 and HIV-2. Here we report prefusion stabilization and cryo-EM structures of soluble envelope (Env) trimers from rhesus macaque SIV (SIVmac) in complex with neutralizing antibodies. These structures provide residue-level definition for SIV-specific disulfide-bonded variable loops (V1 and V2), which we used to delineate variable-loop coverage of the Env trimer. The defined variable loops enabled us to investigate assembled Env-glycan shields throughout SIV, which we found to comprise both N- and O-linked glycans, the latter emanating from V1 inserts, which bound the O-link-specific lectin jacalin. We also investigated in situ SIVmac-Env trimers on virions, determining cryo-electron tomography structures at subnanometer resolutions for an antibody-bound complex and a ligand-free state. Collectively, these structures define the prefusion-closed structure of the SIV-Env trimer and delineate variable-loop and glycan-shielding mechanisms of immune evasion conserved throughout SIV evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Gorman
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rosemarie D Mason
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Hugh C Welles
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julian W Bess
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Tatsiana Bylund
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Myungjin Lee
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Raffaello Verardi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shuishu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yongping Yang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Reda Rawi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brandon F Keele
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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50
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Tan H, Davenport MP, Kent SJ, Wheatley AK. Nice and slow make the germinal centers go: measured and escalating antigen delivery enhance durability and quality of humoral immune responses against
HIV
‐1. Immunol Cell Biol 2022; 100:750-752. [DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyon‐Xhi Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Miles P Davenport
- Kirby Institute University of New South Wales Kensington NSW Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
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