1
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Yang J, Chen Y, Li X, Qin H, Bao J, Wang C, Dong X, Xu D. Complex Interplay Between Metabolism and CD4 + T-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Function: a Novel Perspective for Atherosclerosis Immunotherapy. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2024; 38:1033-1046. [PMID: 37199882 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-023-07466-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a complex pathological process that results from the chronic inflammatory reaction of the blood vessel wall and involves various immune cells and cytokines. An imbalance in the proportion and function of the effector CD4+ T-cell (Teff) and regulatory T-cell (Treg) subsets is an important cause of the occurrence and development of atherosclerotic plaques. Teff cells depend on glycolytic metabolism and glutamine catabolic metabolism for energy, while Treg cells mainly rely on fatty acid oxidation (FAO), which is crucial for determining the fate of CD4+ T cells during differentiation and maintaining their respective immune functions. Here, we review recent research achievements in the field of immunometabolism related to CD4+ T cells, focusing on the cellular metabolic pathways and metabolic reprogramming involved in the activation, proliferation, and differentiation of CD4+ T cells. Subsequently, we discuss the important roles of mTOR and AMPK signaling in regulating CD4+ T-cell differentiation. Finally, we evaluated the links between CD4+ T-cell metabolism and atherosclerosis, highlighting the potential of targeted modulation of CD4+ T-cell metabolism in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmin Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Yanying Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Huali Qin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Jinghui Bao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Chunfang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaochen Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Danyan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China.
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2
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Huang M, Ke Z, Lyu MA, Masarova L, Sadeghi T, Flowers CR, Parmar S. CXCR4-enriched T regulatory cells preferentially home to bone marrow and resolve inflammation. iScience 2024; 27:110830. [PMID: 39314243 PMCID: PMC11418154 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
CXCR4 cell surface expression is critical for the homing of T regulatory (Treg) cells to the bone marrow (BM). We hypothesize that CXCR4 enrichment on Tregs cell surface may abbreviate their transit time to reach BM. Umbilical cord-blood CD25+ Tregs underwent CXCR4 dual enrichment and ex vivo expansion using the CRANE process to generate CXCR4-enriched Tregs (TregCXCR4) cells, which showed a faster migration across the Transwell membrane toward CXCL12/stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF1α) at 15, 30, and 60 min, when compared to unmanipulated Tregcontrol cells (p < 0.0001). TregCXCR4 exhibited preferential homing to BM in vivo at 12 and 24 h. Metacluster analysis of BM showed a decrease in CD8+ and an increase in CD39 and CD73 and CXCR5 when compared to Tregcontrol. TregCXCR4 decreased plasma TGF-β1/β2 and IFN-γ levels. When compared to control, TregCXCR4 cells decreased in CD8+ T cell, IFN-γ, and TNF-α expression in BM. We conclude that TregCXCR4 show enhanced migration toward CXCL12/SDF1α and a preferential homing to BM resulting in resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixian Huang
- Department of Lymphoma/ Myeloma, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zeng Ke
- Department of Lymphoma/ Myeloma, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mi-Ae Lyu
- Department of Lymphoma/ Myeloma, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lucia Masarova
- Department of Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Simrit Parmar
- Department of Lymphoma/ Myeloma, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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3
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Wu J, Bloch N, Chang AY, Bhavsar R, Wang Q, Crawford A, DiLillo DJ, Vazzana K, Mohrs K, Dudgeon D, Patel S, Ahmed H, Garg V, Amatulli M, Antao OQ, Yan Y, Wang S, Ramos W, Krueger P, Adler C, Ni M, Wei Y, Guo C, Macdonald L, Huang T, Ullman E, Hermann A, Yancopoulos GD, Murphy AJ, Davis S, Olson WC, Lin JC, Smith E, Zhang T. A PD-1-targeted, receptor-masked IL-2 immunocytokine that engages IL-2Rα strengthens T cell-mediated anti-tumor therapies. Cell Rep Med 2024:101747. [PMID: 39326410 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
The clinical use of interleukin-2 (IL-2) for cancer immunotherapy is limited by severe toxicity. Emerging IL-2 therapies with reduced IL-2 receptor alpha (IL-2Rα) binding aim to mitigate toxicity and regulatory T cell (Treg) expansion but have had limited clinical success. Here, we show that IL-2Rα engagement is critical for the anti-tumor activity of systemic IL-2 therapy. A "non-α" IL-2 mutein induces systemic expansion of CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells over Tregs but exhibits limited anti-tumor efficacy. We develop a programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)-targeted, receptor-masked IL-2 immunocytokine, PD1-IL2Ra-IL2, which attenuates systemic IL-2 activity while maintaining the capacity to engage IL-2Rα on PD-1+ T cells. Mice treated with PD1-IL2Ra-IL2 show no systemic toxicities observed with unmasked IL-2 treatment yet achieve robust tumor growth control. Furthermore, PD1-IL2Ra-IL2 can be effectively combined with other T cell-mediated immunotherapies to enhance anti-tumor responses. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of PD1-IL2Ra-IL2 as a targeted, receptor-masked, and "α-maintained" IL-2 therapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Wu
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA.
| | - Nicolin Bloch
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Aaron Y Chang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | - Qingqing Wang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | | | - Katja Mohrs
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Drew Dudgeon
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Supriya Patel
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Hassan Ahmed
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Vidur Garg
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | - Olivia Q Antao
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Yuetian Yan
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Shunhai Wang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Willy Ramos
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Pamela Krueger
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | - Min Ni
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Yi Wei
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Chunguang Guo
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Lynn Macdonald
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Tammy Huang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Erica Ullman
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Aynur Hermann
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | - Samuel Davis
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | - John C Lin
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Eric Smith
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Tong Zhang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
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4
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Byun S, Lee J, Choi YH, Ko H, Lee C, Park JC, Kim SW, Lee H, Sharma A, Kim KS, Rudra D, Kim JK, Im SH. Gut Microbiota Defines Functional Direction of Colonic Regulatory T Cells with Unique TCR Repertoires. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 213:886-897. [PMID: 39101764 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota and selected strains of commensal bacteria influence regulatory T (Treg) cell functionality in the colon. Nevertheless, whether and how microbiota changes the transcriptome profile and TCR specificities of colonic Tregs remain to be precisely defined. In this study, we have employed single-cell RNA sequencing and comparatively analyzed colonic Tregs from specific pathogen-free and germ-free (GF) mice. We found that microbiota shifts the activation trajectory of colonic Tregs toward a distinct phenotypic subset enriched in specific pathogen-free but not in GF mice. Moreover, microbiota induced the expansion of specific Treg clonotypes with shared transcriptional specificities. The microbiota-induced subset of colonic Tregs, identified as PD-1- CXCR3+ Tregs, displayed enhanced suppressive capabilities compared with colonic Tregs derived from GF mice, enhanced production of IL-10, and were the primary regulators of enteric inflammation in dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. These findings identify a hitherto unknown gut microbiota and immune cell interaction module that could contribute to the development of a therapeutic modality for intestinal inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seohyun Byun
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jusung Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ha Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeun Ko
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhon Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - John Chulhoon Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Won Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Haena Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Amit Sharma
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Soon Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dipayan Rudra
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University; Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jong Kyoung Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- ImmunoBiome Inc., Pohang, Republic of Korea
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5
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Lui PP, Xu JZ, Aziz H, Sen M, Ali N. Jagged-1+ skin Tregs modulate cutaneous wound healing. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20999. [PMID: 39251686 PMCID: PMC11385218 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71512-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin-resident regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an irreplaceable role in orchestrating cutaneous immune homeostasis and repair, including the promotion of hair regeneration via the Notch signaling ligand Jagged-1 (Jag1). While skin Tregs are indispensable for facilitating tissue repair post-wounding, it remains unknown if Jag1-expressing skin Tregs impact wound healing. Using a tamoxifen inducible Foxp3creERT2Jag1fl/fl model, we show that loss of functional Jag1 in Tregs significantly delays the rate of full-thickness wound closure. Unlike in hair regeneration, skin Tregs do not utilize Jag1 to impact epithelial stem cells during wound healing. Instead, mice with Treg-specific Jag1 ablation exhibit a significant reduction in Ly6G + neutrophil accumulation at the wound site. However, during both homeostasis and wound healing, the loss of Jag1 in Tregs does not impact the overall abundance or activation profile of immune cell targets in the skin, such as CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, or pro-inflammatory macrophages. This collectively suggests that skin Tregs may utilize Jag1-Notch signalling to co-ordinate innate cell recruitment under conditions of injury but not homeostasis. Overall, our study demonstrates the importance of Jag1 expression in Tregs to facilitate adequate wound repair in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prudence PokWai Lui
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jessie Z Xu
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Hafsah Aziz
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Monica Sen
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Niwa Ali
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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6
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Wu YJ, Chiao CC, Chuang PK, Hsieh CB, Ko CY, Ko CC, Chang CF, Chen TY, Nguyen NUN, Hsu CC, Chu TH, Fang CC, Tsai HY, Tsai HC, Anuraga G, Ta HDK, Xuan DTM, Kumar S, Dey S, Wulandari FS, Manalu RT, Ly NP, Wang CY, Lee YK. Comprehensive analysis of bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing data reveals Schlafen-5 (SLFN5) as a novel prognosis and immunity. Int J Med Sci 2024; 21:2348-2364. [PMID: 39310264 PMCID: PMC11413889 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.97975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements have elucidated the multifaceted roles of the Schlafen (SLFN) family, including SLFN5, SLFN11, SLFN12, SLFN13, and SLFN14, which are implicated in immunological responses. However, little is known about the roles of this gene family in relation to malignancy development. The current study aimed to explore the diagnostic and prognostic potential of Schlafen family genes in colorectal adenocarcinoma (COAD) through bioinformatics analysis. Leveraging advanced bioinformatics tools of bulk RNA-sequencing and single-cell sequencing, we conducted in-depth analyses of gene expressions, functional enrichment, and survival patterns of patients with colorectal cancer compared to normal tissue. Among Schlafen family genes, the transcription levels of SLFN5 in COAD tissues were significantly elevated and correlated with poor survival outcomes. Furthermore, SLFN5 regulated the immune response via Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transduction and activator of transcription (STAT)/interferon (IFN)-alpha/beta signaling. These chemokines in inflammation are associated with diabetes and metabolism, suggesting their involvement in altered cellular energetics for COAD progress. In addition, an immune cell deconvolution analysis indicated a correlation between SLFN5 expression and immune-related cell populations, such as regulatory T cells (Tregs). These findings highlighted the potential clinical significance of SLFN5 in COAD and provided insights into its involvement in the tumor microenvironment and immune regulation. Meanwhile, the drug discovery data of SFLN5 with potential targeted small molecules suggested its therapeutic potential for COAD. Collectively, the current research demonstrated that SFLN5 play crucial roles in tumor development and serve as a prospective biomarker for COAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Jung Wu
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chieh Chiao
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Po-Kai Chuang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Bao Hsieh
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114202, Taiwan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan
| | - Chou-Yuan Ko
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chung Ko
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Fa Chang
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Yuan Chen
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan
| | - Ngoc Uyen Nhi Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX 75390, USA
| | - Ching-Cheng Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX 75390, USA
| | - Tian-Huei Chu
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Medical Laboratory, Medical Education and Research Center, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Fang
- Medical Laboratory, Medical Education and Research Center, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yen Tsai
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Chun Tsai
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Gangga Anuraga
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science and Technology, PGRI Adi Buana University, East Java, Surabaya 60234, Indonesia
| | - Hoang Dang Khoa Ta
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Do Thi Minh Xuan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Van Lang University, 69/68 Dang Thuy Tram Street, Ward 13, Binh Thanh District, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Applied Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sanskriti Dey
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Fitria Sari Wulandari
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Rosario Trijuliamos Manalu
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, National Institute of Science and Technology, Jakarta, 12640, Indonesia
| | - Ngoc Phung Ly
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Chih-Yang Wang
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Kuo Lee
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Medical Laboratory, Medical Education and Research Center, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan
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7
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Nayer B, Tan JL, Alshoubaki YK, Lu YZ, Legrand JMD, Lau S, Hu N, Park AJ, Wang XN, Amann-Zalcenstein D, Hickey PF, Wilson T, Kuhn GA, Müller R, Vasanthakumar A, Akira S, Martino MM. Local administration of regulatory T cells promotes tissue healing. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7863. [PMID: 39251592 PMCID: PMC11383969 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51353-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial immune cells for tissue repair and regeneration. However, their potential as a cell-based regenerative therapy is not yet fully understood. Here, we show that local delivery of exogenous Tregs into injured mouse bone, muscle, and skin greatly enhances tissue healing. Mechanistically, exogenous Tregs rapidly adopt an injury-specific phenotype in response to the damaged tissue microenvironment, upregulating genes involved in immunomodulation and tissue healing. We demonstrate that exogenous Tregs exert their regenerative effect by directly and indirectly modulating monocytes/macrophages (Mo/MΦ) in injured tissues, promoting their switch to an anti-inflammatory and pro-healing state via factors such as interleukin (IL)-10. Validating the key role of IL-10 in exogenous Treg-mediated repair and regeneration, the pro-healing capacity of these cells is lost when Il10 is knocked out. Additionally, exogenous Tregs reduce neutrophil and cytotoxic T cell accumulation and IFN-γ production in damaged tissues, further dampening the pro-inflammatory Mo/MΦ phenotype. Highlighting the potential of this approach, we demonstrate that allogeneic and human Tregs also promote tissue healing. Together, this study establishes exogenous Tregs as a possible universal cell-based therapy for regenerative medicine and provides key mechanistic insights that could be harnessed to develop immune cell-based therapies to enhance tissue healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Nayer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jean L Tan
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yasmin K Alshoubaki
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yen-Zhen Lu
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Julien M D Legrand
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sinnee Lau
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nan Hu
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony J Park
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xiao-Nong Wang
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Daniela Amann-Zalcenstein
- Advanced Genomics Facility, Advanced Technology and Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter F Hickey
- Advanced Genomics Facility, Advanced Technology and Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Trevor Wilson
- MHTP Medical Genomics Facility, Monash Health Translation Precinct, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Gisela A Kuhn
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Müller
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ajithkumar Vasanthakumar
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Laboratory of Host Defense, World Premier Institute Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mikaël M Martino
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Laboratory of Host Defense, World Premier Institute Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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8
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Chowdhary K, Léon J, Mathis D, Benoist C. An integrated transcription factor framework for Treg identity and diversity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2411301121. [PMID: 39196621 PMCID: PMC11388289 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2411301121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate cell identity depends on the combined activity of scores of transcription factors (TF). While TFs have often been studied in isolation, a systematic perspective on their integration has been missing. Focusing on FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), key guardians of immune tolerance, we combined single-cell chromatin accessibility, machine learning, and high-density genetic variation, to resolve a validated framework of diverse Treg chromatin programs, each shaped by multi-TF inputs. This framework identified previously unrecognized Treg controllers (Smarcc1) and illuminated the mechanism of action of FoxP3, which amplified a pre-existing Treg identity, diversely activating or repressing distinct programs, dependent on different regulatory partners. Treg subpopulations in the colon relied variably on FoxP3, Helios+ Tregs being completely dependent, but RORγ+ Tregs largely independent. These differences were rooted in intrinsic biases decoded by the integrated framework. Moving beyond master regulators, this work unravels how overlapping TF activities coalesce into Treg identity and diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliette Léon
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France 75015
| | - Diane Mathis
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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9
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Lang HP, Osum KC, Friedenberg SG. A review of CD4 + T cell differentiation and diversity in dogs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2024; 275:110816. [PMID: 39173398 PMCID: PMC11421293 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells are an integral component of the adaptive immune response, carrying out many functions to combat a diverse range of pathogenic challenges. These cells exhibit remarkable plasticity, differentiating into specialized subsets such as T helper type 1 (TH1), TH2, TH9, TH17, TH22, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and follicular T helper (TFH) cells. Each subset is capable of addressing a distinct immunological need ranging from pathogen eradication to regulation of immune homeostasis. As the immune response subsides, CD4+ T cells rest down into long-lived memory phenotypes-including central memory (TCM), effector memory (TEM), resident memory (TRM), and terminally differentiated effector memory cells (TEMRA) that are localized to facilitate a swift and potent response upon antigen re-encounter. This capacity for long-term immunological memory and rapid reactivation upon secondary exposure highlights the role CD4+ T cells play in sustaining both adaptive defense mechanisms and maintenance. Decades of mouse, human, and to a lesser extent, pig T cell research has provided the framework for understanding the role of CD4+ T cells in immune responses, but these model systems do not always mimic each other. Although our understanding of pig immunology is not as extensive as mouse or human research, we have gained valuable insight by studying this model. More akin to pigs, our understanding of CD4+ T cells in dogs is much less complete. This disparity exists in part because canine immunologists depend on paradigms from mouse and human studies to characterize CD4+ T cells in dogs, with a fraction of available lineage-defining antibody markers. Despite this, every major CD4+ T cell subset has been described to some extent in dogs. These subsets have been studied in various contexts, including in vitro stimulation, homeostatic conditions, and across a range of disease states. Canine CD4+ T cells have been categorized according to lineage-defining characteristics, trafficking patterns, and what cytokines they produce upon stimulation. This review addresses our current understanding of canine CD4+ T cells from a comparative perspective by highlighting both the similarities and differences from mouse, human, and pig CD4+ T cell biology. We also discuss knowledge gaps in our current understanding of CD4+ T cells in dogs that could provide direction for future studies in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeree P Lang
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA; Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
| | - Kevin C Osum
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA.
| | - Steven G Friedenberg
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA; Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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10
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Jheng MJ, Kita H. Control of Asthma and Allergy by Regulatory T Cells. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2024:1-15. [PMID: 39154634 DOI: 10.1159/000540407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial barriers, such as the lungs and skin, face the challenge of providing the tissues' physiological function and maintaining tolerance to the commensal microbiome and innocuous environmental factors while defending the host against infectious microbes. Asthma and allergic diseases can result from maladaptive immune responses, resulting in exaggerated and persistent type 2 immunity and tissue inflammation. SUMMARY Among the diverse populations of tissue immune cells, CD4+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are central to controlling immune responses and inflammation and restoring tissue homeostasis. Humans and mice that are deficient in Treg cells experience extensive inflammation in their mucosal organs and skin. During past decades, major progress has been made toward understanding the immunobiology of Treg cells and the molecular and cellular mechanisms that control their differentiation and function. It is now clear that Treg cells are not a single cell type and that they demonstrate diversity and plasticity depending on their differentiation stages and tissue environment. They could also take on a proinflammatory phenotype in certain conditions. KEY MESSAGES Treg cells perform distinct functions, including the induction of immune tolerance, suppression of inflammation, and promotion of tissue repair. Subsets of Treg cells in mucosal tissues are regulated by their differentiation stage and tissue inflammatory milieu. Treg cell dysfunction likely plays roles in persistent immune responses and tissue inflammation in asthma and allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jhen Jheng
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Hirohito Kita
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
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11
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Snyder M, Wang Z, Lara B, Fimbres J, Pichardo T, Mazzilli S, Khan MM, Duggineni VK, Monti S, Sherr DH. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Controls IFNγ-Induced Immune Checkpoints PD-L1 and IDO via the JAK/STAT Pathway in Lung Adenocarcinoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.12.607602. [PMID: 39185148 PMCID: PMC11343147 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.12.607602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
While immunotherapy has shown efficacy in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients, many respond only partially or not at all. One limitation in improving outcomes is the lack of a complete understanding of immune checkpoint regulation. Here, we investigated a possible link between an environmental chemical receptor implicated in lung cancer and immune regulation, (the aryl hydrocarbon receptor/AhR), a known but counterintuitive mediator of immunosuppression (IFNγ), and regulation of two immune checkpoints (PD-L1 and IDO). AhR gene-edited LUAD cell lines, a syngeneic LUAD mouse model, bulk- and scRNA sequencing of LUADs and tumor-infiltrating leukocytes were used to map out a signaling pathway leading from IFNγ through the AhR to JAK/STAT, PD-L1, IDO, and tumor-mediated immunosuppression. The data demonstrate that: 1) IFNγ activation of the JAK/STAT pathway leading to PD-L1 and IDO1 upregulation is mediated by the AhR in murine and human LUAD cells, 2) AhR-driven IDO1 induction results in the production of Kynurenine (Kyn), an AhR ligand, which likely mediates an AhR→IDO1→Kyn→AhR amplification loop, 3) transplantation of AhR-knockout LUAD cells results in long-term tumor immunity in most recipients. 4) The 23% of AhR-knockout tumors that do grow do so at a much slower pace than controls and exhibit higher densities of CD8+ T cells expressing markers of immunocompetence, increased activity, and increased cell-cell communication. The data definitively link the AhR to IFNγ-induced JAK/STAT pathway and immune checkpoint-mediated immunosuppression and support the targeting of the AhR in the context of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Snyder
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Genomics, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Zhongyan Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health
| | - Brian Lara
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health
| | - Jocelyn Fimbres
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health
| | | | | | - Mohammed Muzamil Khan
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
| | - Vinay K. Duggineni
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health
| | - Stefano Monti
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
| | - David H. Sherr
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health
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12
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Simon M, Stüve P, Schmidleithner L, Bittner S, Beumer N, Strieder N, Schmidl C, Pant A, Gebhard C, Eigenberger A, Rehli M, Prantl L, Hehlgans T, Brors B, Imbusch CD, Delacher M, Feuerer M. Single-cell chromatin accessibility and transposable element landscapes reveal shared features of tissue-residing immune cells. Immunity 2024; 57:1975-1993.e10. [PMID: 39047731 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Tissue adaptation is required for regulatory T (Treg) cell function within organs. Whether this program shares aspects with other tissue-localized immune populations is unclear. Here, we analyzed single-cell chromatin accessibility data, including the transposable element (TE) landscape of CD45+ immune cells from colon, skin, adipose tissue, and spleen. We identified features of organ-specific tissue adaptation across different immune cells. Focusing on tissue Treg cells, we found conservation of the Treg tissue adaptation program in other tissue-localized immune cells, such as amphiregulin-producing T helper (Th)17 cells. Accessible TEs can act as regulatory elements, but their contribution to tissue adaptation is not understood. TE landscape analysis revealed an enrichment of specific transcription factor binding motifs in TE regions within accessible chromatin peaks. TEs, specifically from the LTR family, were located in enhancer regions and associated with tissue adaptation. These findings broaden our understanding of immune tissue residency and provide an important step toward organ-specific immune interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Simon
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Chair for Immunology, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Stüve
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Chair for Immunology, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Schmidleithner
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Chair for Immunology, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bittner
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Chair for Immunology, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Niklas Beumer
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at the University Medical Center Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; Division of Personalized Medical Oncology, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | - Asmita Pant
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Chair for Immunology, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Gebhard
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Eigenberger
- Department of Plastic, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Rehli
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Prantl
- Department of Plastic, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Hehlgans
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Chair for Immunology, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Brors
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Medical Faculty Heidelberg and Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Charles D Imbusch
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Delacher
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Feuerer
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Chair for Immunology, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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13
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Alshoubaki YK, Nayer B, Lu YZ, Salimova E, Lau SN, Tan JL, Amann-Zalcenstein D, Hickey PF, Del Monte-Nieto G, Vasanthakumar A, Martino MM. Tregs delivered post-myocardial infarction adopt an injury-specific phenotype promoting cardiac repair via macrophages in mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6480. [PMID: 39090108 PMCID: PMC11294480 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50806-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are key immune regulators that have shown promise in enhancing cardiac repair post-MI, although the mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we show that rapidly increasing Treg number in the circulation post-MI via systemic administration of exogenous Tregs improves cardiac function in male mice, by limiting cardiomyocyte death and reducing fibrosis. Mechanistically, exogenous Tregs quickly home to the infarcted heart and adopt an injury-specific transcriptome that mediates repair by modulating monocytes/macrophages. Specially, Tregs lead to a reduction in pro-inflammatory Ly6CHi CCR2+ monocytes/macrophages accompanied by a rapid shift of macrophages towards a pro-repair phenotype. Additionally, exogenous Treg-derived factors, including nidogen-1 and IL-10, along with a decrease in cardiac CD8+ T cell number, mediate the reduction of the pro-inflammatory monocyte/macrophage subset in the heart. Supporting the pivotal role of IL-10, exogenous Tregs knocked out for IL-10 lose their pro-repair capabilities. Together, this study highlights the beneficial use of a Treg-based therapeutic approach for cardiac repair with important mechanistic insights that could facilitate the development of novel immunotherapies for MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin K Alshoubaki
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bhavana Nayer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yen-Zhen Lu
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Sin Nee Lau
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jean L Tan
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniela Amann-Zalcenstein
- Advanced Genomics Facility, Advanced Technology and Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter F Hickey
- Advanced Genomics Facility, Advanced Technology and Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gonzalo Del Monte-Nieto
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Victorian Heart Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ajithkumar Vasanthakumar
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia
- La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mikaël M Martino
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Victorian Heart Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
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14
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Verma S, Bradley MC, Gray J, Dogra P, Caron DP, Maurrasse S, Grunstein E, Waldman E, Jang M, Pethe K, Farber DL, Connors TJ. Distinct Localization, Transcriptional Profiles, and Functionality in Early Life Tonsil Regulatory T Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 213:306-316. [PMID: 38905110 PMCID: PMC11304551 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are key orchestrators of the immune system, fostering the establishment of protective immunity while preventing deleterious responses. Infancy and childhood are crucial periods of rapid immunologic development, but how Tregs mediate immune responses at these earliest timepoints of human life is poorly understood. In this study, we compare blood and tissue (tonsil) Tregs across pediatric and adult subjects to investigate age-related differences in Treg biology. We observed increased FOXP3 expression and proportions of Tregs in tonsil compared with paired blood samples in children. Within tonsil, early life Tregs accumulated in extrafollicular regions with cellular interactions biased toward CD8+ T cells. Tonsil Tregs in both children and adults expressed transcriptional profiles enriched for lineage defining signatures and canonical functionality compared with blood, suggesting tissue as the primary site of Treg activity. Early life tonsil Tregs transcriptional profiles were further defined by pathways associated with activation, proliferation, and polyfunctionality. Observed differences in pediatric tonsil Treg transcriptional signatures were associated with phenotypic differences, high proliferative capacity, and robust production of IL-10 compared with adult Tregs. These results identify tissue as a major driver of Treg identity, provide new insights into developmental differences in Treg biology across the human lifespan, and demonstrate unique functional properties of early life Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivali Verma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Marissa C Bradley
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Joshua Gray
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Pranay Dogra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Daniel P Caron
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Sarah Maurrasse
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Eli Grunstein
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Erik Waldman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Minyoung Jang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Kalpana Pethe
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Donna L Farber
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Thomas J Connors
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
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15
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Oguchi A, Suzuki A, Komatsu S, Yoshitomi H, Bhagat S, Son R, Bonnal RJP, Kojima S, Koido M, Takeuchi K, Myouzen K, Inoue G, Hirai T, Sano H, Takegami Y, Kanemaru A, Yamaguchi I, Ishikawa Y, Tanaka N, Hirabayashi S, Konishi R, Sekito S, Inoue T, Kere J, Takeda S, Takaori-Kondo A, Endo I, Kawaoka S, Kawaji H, Ishigaki K, Ueno H, Hayashizaki Y, Pagani M, Carninci P, Yanagita M, Parrish N, Terao C, Yamamoto K, Murakawa Y. An atlas of transcribed enhancers across helper T cell diversity for decoding human diseases. Science 2024; 385:eadd8394. [PMID: 38963856 DOI: 10.1126/science.add8394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Transcribed enhancer maps can reveal nuclear interactions underpinning each cell type and connect specific cell types to diseases. Using a 5' single-cell RNA sequencing approach, we defined transcription start sites of enhancer RNAs and other classes of coding and noncoding RNAs in human CD4+ T cells, revealing cellular heterogeneity and differentiation trajectories. Integration of these datasets with single-cell chromatin profiles showed that active enhancers with bidirectional RNA transcription are highly cell type-specific and that disease heritability is strongly enriched in these enhancers. The resulting cell type-resolved multimodal atlas of bidirectionally transcribed enhancers, which we linked with promoters using fine-scale chromatin contact maps, enabled us to systematically interpret genetic variants associated with a range of immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Oguchi
- RIKEN-IFOM Joint Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akari Suzuki
- Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Komatsu
- RIKEN-IFOM Joint Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- IFOM ETS - the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Hiroyuki Yoshitomi
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shruti Bhagat
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Raku Son
- RIKEN-IFOM Joint Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Shohei Kojima
- Genome Immunobiology RIKEN Hakubi Research Team, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masaru Koido
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takeuchi
- RIKEN-IFOM Joint Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Medical Systems Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiko Myouzen
- Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Gyo Inoue
- Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoya Hirai
- RIKEN-IFOM Joint Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sano
- RIKEN-IFOM Joint Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Yuki Ishikawa
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nao Tanaka
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shigeki Hirabayashi
- RIKEN-IFOM Joint Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Division of Precision Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Riyo Konishi
- Inter-Organ Communication Research Team, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sho Sekito
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Nephro-Urologic Surgery and Andrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Takahiro Inoue
- Department of Nephro-Urologic Surgery and Andrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Juha Kere
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shunichi Takeda
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Akifumi Takaori-Kondo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shinpei Kawaoka
- Inter-Organ Communication Research Team, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Integrative Bioanalytics, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideya Kawaji
- Research Center for Genome & Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
- Preventive Medicine and Applied Genomics Unit, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science, Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, Wako, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ishigaki
- Laboratory for Human Immunogenetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideki Ueno
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Hayashizaki
- K.K. DNAFORM, Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, Wako, Japan
| | - Massimiliano Pagani
- IFOM ETS - the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi, Milan, Italy
| | - Piero Carninci
- Laboratory for Transcriptome Technology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Human Technopole, Milan, Italy
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nicholas Parrish
- Genome Immunobiology RIKEN Hakubi Research Team, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Clinical Research Center, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Applied Genetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamoto
- Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Murakawa
- RIKEN-IFOM Joint Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- IFOM ETS - the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Systems Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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16
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Wang Y, Li J, Nakahata S, Iha H. Complex Role of Regulatory T Cells (Tregs) in the Tumor Microenvironment: Their Molecular Mechanisms and Bidirectional Effects on Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7346. [PMID: 39000453 PMCID: PMC11242872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) possess unique immunosuppressive activity among CD4-positive T cells. Tregs are ubiquitously present in mammals and function to calm excessive immune responses, thereby suppressing allergies or autoimmune diseases. On the other hand, due to their immunosuppressive function, Tregs are thought to promote cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a multicellular system composed of many cell types, including tumor cells, infiltrating immune cells, and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Within this environment, Tregs are recruited by chemokines and metabolic factors and impede effective anti-tumor responses. However, in some cases, their presence can also improve patient's survival rates. Their functional consequences may vary across tumor types, locations, and stages. An in-depth understanding of the precise roles and mechanisms of actions of Treg is crucial for developing effective treatments, emphasizing the need for further investigation and validation. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the complex and multifaceted roles of Tregs within the TME, elucidating cellular communications, signaling pathways, and their impacts on tumor progression and highlighting their potential anti-tumor mechanisms through interactions with functional molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu 879-5593, Japan;
| | - Jiazhou Li
- Division of Biological Information Technology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan;
- Division of HTLV-1/ATL Carcinogenesis and Therapeutics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan;
| | - Shingo Nakahata
- Division of HTLV-1/ATL Carcinogenesis and Therapeutics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan;
| | - Hidekatsu Iha
- Department of Microbiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu 879-5593, Japan;
- Division of Pathophysiology, The Research Center for GLOBAL and LOCAL Infectious Diseases (RCGLID), Oita University, Yufu 879-5593, Japan
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17
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Monteran L, Ershaid N, Scharff Y, Zoabi Y, Sanalla T, Ding Y, Pavlovsky A, Zait Y, Langer M, Caller T, Eldar-Boock A, Avivi C, Sonnenblick A, Satchi-Fainaro R, Barshack I, Shomron N, Zhang XHF, Erez N. Combining TIGIT Blockade with MDSC Inhibition Hinders Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis by Activating Antitumor Immunity. Cancer Discov 2024; 14:1252-1275. [PMID: 38427556 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-0762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Bone is the most common site of breast cancer metastasis. Bone metastasis is incurable and is associated with severe morbidity. Utilizing an immunocompetent mouse model of spontaneous breast cancer bone metastasis, we profiled the immune transcriptome of bone metastatic lesions and peripheral bone marrow at distinct metastatic stages, revealing dynamic changes during the metastatic process. We show that cross-talk between granulocytes and T cells is central to shaping an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Specifically, we identified the PD-1 and TIGIT signaling axes and the proinflammatory cytokine IL1β as central players in the interactions between granulocytes and T cells. Targeting these pathways in vivo resulted in attenuated bone metastasis and improved survival, by reactivating antitumor immunity. Analysis of patient samples revealed that TIGIT and IL1β are prominent in human bone metastasis. Our findings suggest that cotargeting immunosuppressive granulocytes and dysfunctional T cells may be a promising novel therapeutic strategy to inhibit bone metastasis. Significance: Temporal transcriptome profiling of the immune microenvironment in breast cancer bone metastasis revealed key communication pathways between dysfunctional T cells and myeloid derived suppressor cells. Cotargeting of TIGIT and IL1β inhibited bone metastasis and improved survival. Validation in patient data implicated these targets as a novel promising approach to treat human bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Monteran
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nour Ershaid
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ye'ela Scharff
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yazeed Zoabi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamer Sanalla
- Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yunfeng Ding
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas
| | - Anna Pavlovsky
- Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Zait
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Marva Langer
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tal Caller
- Tamman Cardiovascular Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anat Eldar-Boock
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Camila Avivi
- Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amir Sonnenblick
- Oncology Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ronit Satchi-Fainaro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Iris Barshack
- Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Noam Shomron
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Xiang H-F Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas
| | - Neta Erez
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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18
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Tong X, Kim SH, Che L, Park J, Lee J, Kim TG. Foxp3 + Treg control allergic skin inflammation by restricting IFN-γ-driven neutrophilic infiltration and NETosis. J Dermatol Sci 2024; 115:2-12. [PMID: 38845244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic inflammatory skin disease with T cell activation as a key feature, in which Th2 cell-mediated responses play a pivotal role. Regulatory T cells (Treg) are central immune cells that restrict autoimmunity and inflammation in the body. Patients with immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, or enteropathy X-linked syndrome, an immune disease characterized by a deficiency in Treg, develop skin inflammation and allergic disorders, indicating that Treg play a crucial role in the development of allergic skin inflammation. OBJECTIVE we investigated the underlying mechanisms by which Treg control cutaneous allergic inflammation. METHODS An allergic skin inflammation mouse model was constructed using MC903, and Treg-depleted mouse model was constructed using diphtheria toxin. Neutralization of IFN-γ was constructed using anti-mouse-IFN-γ mouse antibody. Neutrophil infiltration was analyzed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), a process called NETosis, were detected using immunofluorescence. In vitro neutrophil stimulation and immunocytochemistry was conducted to demonstrate the effect of IFN-γ on NETosis. RESULTS The depletion of Foxp3+ Treg led to significantly exacerbated AD-like skin inflammation, including increased recruitment of neutrophils and expression of Th1 cytokine IFN-γ. Neutrophil infiltrating in skin of Treg-depleted mice released more NETs than wild type. Neutralization of IFN-γ abolished neutrophil infiltration and NETosis in Treg-depleted mice. Neutrophils stimulated with IFN-γ were more prone to release NETs in vitro. Finally, Foxp3+ Treg control cutaneous allergic inflammation by regulating IFN-γ-driven neutrophilic infiltration and NETosis. CONCLUSION Our results highlight the previously underestimated Treg-IFN-γ-neutrophil inflammatory axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Tong
- Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hee Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Lihua Che
- Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeyun Park
- Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joohee Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Gyun Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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19
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Sebina I, Ngo S, Rashid RB, Alorro M, Namubiru P, Howard D, Ahmed T, Phipps S. CXCR3 + effector regulatory T cells associate with disease tolerance during lower respiratory pneumovirus infection. Immunology 2024; 172:500-515. [PMID: 38584001 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle factors like poor maternal diet or antibiotic exposure disrupt early life microbiome assembly in infants, increasing the risk of severe lower respiratory infections (sLRI). Our prior studies in mice indicated that a maternal low-fibre diet (LFD) exacerbates LRI severity in infants by impairing recruitment of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) and consequently attenuating expansion of lung regulatory T (Treg) cells during pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) infection. Here, we investigated whether maternal dietary fibre intake influences Treg cell phenotypes in the mediastinal lymph nodes (mLN) and lungs of PVM-infected neonatal mice. Using high dimensional flow cytometry, we identified distinct clusters of regulatory T cells (Treg cells), which differed between lungs and mLN during infection, with notably greater effector Treg cell accumulation in the lungs. Compared to high-fibre diet (HFD)-reared pups, frequencies of various effector Treg cell subsets were decreased in the lungs of LFD-reared pups. Particularly, recruitment of chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3+) expressing Treg cells was attenuated in LFD-reared pups, correlating with lower lung expression of CXCL9 and CXCL10 chemokines. The recruitment of this subset in response to PVM infection was similarly impaired in pDC depleted mice or following anti-CXCR3 treatment, increasing immunopathology in the lungs. In summary, PVM infection leads to the sequential recruitment and expansion of distinct Treg cell subsets to the lungs and mLN. The attenuated recruitment of the CXCR3+ subset in LFD-reared pups increases LRI severity, suggesting that strategies to enhance pDCs or CXCL9/CXCL10 expression will lower immune-mediated pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Sebina
- Respiratory Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sylvia Ngo
- Respiratory Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ridwan B Rashid
- Respiratory Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mariah Alorro
- Respiratory Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Patricia Namubiru
- Respiratory Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel Howard
- Respiratory Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tufael Ahmed
- Respiratory Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Simon Phipps
- Respiratory Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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20
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Huang D, Jiao X, Huang S, Liu J, Si H, Qi D, Pei X, Lu D, Wang Y, Li Z. Analysis of the heterogeneity and complexity of murine extraorbital lacrimal gland via single-cell RNA sequencing. Ocul Surf 2024; 34:60-95. [PMID: 38945476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The lacrimal gland is essential for maintaining ocular surface health and avoiding external damage by secreting an aqueous layer of the tear film. However, a healthy lacrimal gland's inventory of cell types and heterogeneity remains understudied. METHODS Here, 10X Genome-based single-cell RNA sequencing was used to generate an unbiased classification of cellular diversity in the extraorbital lacrimal gland (ELG) of C57BL/6J mice. From 43,850 high-quality cells, we produced an atlas of cell heterogeneity and defined cell types using classic marker genes. The possible functions of these cells were analyzed through bioinformatics analysis. Additionally, the CellChat was employed for a preliminary analysis of the cell-cell communication network in the ELG. RESULTS Over 37 subclasses of cells were identified, including seven types of glandular epithelial cells, three types of fibroblasts, ten types of myeloid-derived immune cells, at least eleven types of lymphoid-derived immune cells, and five types of vascular-associated cell subsets. The cell-cell communication network analysis revealed that fibroblasts and immune cells play a pivotal role in the dense intercellular communication network within the mouse ELG. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a comprehensive transcriptome atlas and related database of the mouse ELG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duliurui Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xinwei Jiao
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Shenzhen Huang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Jiangman Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongli Si
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Di Qi
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Xiaoting Pei
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Dingli Lu
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yimian Wang
- Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Zhijie Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
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21
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He S, Gubin MM, Rafei H, Basar R, Dede M, Jiang X, Liang Q, Tan Y, Kim K, Gillison ML, Rezvani K, Peng W, Haymaker C, Hernandez S, Solis LM, Mohanty V, Chen K. Elucidating immune-related gene transcriptional programs via factorization of large-scale RNA-profiles. iScience 2024; 27:110096. [PMID: 38957791 PMCID: PMC11217617 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and adoptive cell therapy (ACT), have encountered challenges such as immune-related adverse events and resistance, especially in solid tumors. To advance the field, a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind treatment responses and resistance is essential. However, the lack of functionally characterized immune-related gene sets has limited data-driven immunological research. To address this gap, we adopted non-negative matrix factorization on 83 human bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) datasets and constructed 28 immune-specific gene sets. After rigorous immunologist-led manual annotations and orthogonal validations across immunological contexts and functional omics data, we demonstrated that these gene sets can be applied to refine pan-cancer immune subtypes, improve ICB response prediction and functionally annotate spatial transcriptomic data. These functional gene sets, informing diverse immune states, will advance our understanding of immunology and cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan He
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Matthew M. Gubin
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hind Rafei
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rafet Basar
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Merve Dede
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xianli Jiang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qingnan Liang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yukun Tan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kunhee Kim
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Maura L. Gillison
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Katayoun Rezvani
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Weiyi Peng
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, The University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cara Haymaker
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sharia Hernandez
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luisa M. Solis
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vakul Mohanty
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ken Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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22
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Iamsawat S, Yu R, Kim S, Dvorina N, Qiu K, Choi J, Baldwin WM, Min B. Single-Cell Analysis Uncovers Striking Cellular Heterogeneity of Lung-Infiltrating Regulatory T Cells during Eosinophilic versus Neutrophilic Allergic Airway Inflammation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1867-1876. [PMID: 38647384 PMCID: PMC11147735 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Allergic airway inflammation results from uncontrolled immune responses to environmental Ags. Although it is well established that allergic immune responses exhibit a high degree of diversity, driven by primary effector cell types such as eosinophils, neutrophils, or CD4 T cells with distinct effector signatures, the mechanisms responsible for such pathogenesis remain elusive. Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential immune regulators during chronic inflammation, including allergic airway inflammation. Emerging evidence suggests that Tregs infiltrating inflamed tissues exhibit distinct phenotypes dependent on the specific tissue sites and can display heterogeneity and tissue residency. Whether diverse allergic airway inflammatory responses influence infiltrating Treg heterogeneity or Treg lung residency has not been explored. We employed an unbiased single-cell RNA sequencing approach to investigate lung-infiltrating Tregs in models of eosinophilic and neutrophilic airway inflammation. We found that lung-infiltrating Tregs are highly heterogeneous, and that Tregs displaying lung-resident phenotypes are significantly different depending on the types of inflammation. Treg expression of ST2, a receptor for alarmin IL-33, was predominantly associated with eosinophilic inflammation and tissue residency. Nevertheless, Treg-specific ST2 deficiency did not affect the development of eosinophilic allergic inflammation or the generation of lung-resident Tregs. These results uncover a stark heterogeneity among Tregs infiltrating the lungs during allergic airway inflammation. The results indicate that varying types of inflammation may give rise to phenotypically distinct lung-resident Tregs, underscoring a (to our knowledge) novel mechanism by which inflammatory cues may shape the composition of infiltrating Tregs, allowing them to regulate inflammatory responses through tissue-adapted mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supinya Iamsawat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Rongzhen Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Sohee Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Nina Dvorina
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - Kevin Qiu
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Jaehyuk Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - William M Baldwin
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - Booki Min
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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23
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Theune WC, Chen J, Theune EV, Ye X, Ménoret A, Vella AT, Wang K. Interleukin-17 directly stimulates tumor infiltrating Tregs to prevent cancer development. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1408710. [PMID: 38947320 PMCID: PMC11211274 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1408710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin-17 (IL-17) family cytokines promote protective inflammation for pathogen resistance, but also facilitate autoimmunity and tumor development. A direct signal of IL-17 to regulatory T cells (Tregs) has not been reported and may help explain these dichotomous responses. Methods We generated a conditional knockout of Il17ra in Tregs by crossing Foxp3-YFP-Cre mice to Il17ra-flox mice (Il17ra ΔTreg mice). Subsequently, we adoptively transferred bone marrow cells from Il17ra ΔTreg mice to a mouse model of sporadic colorectal cancer (Cdx2-Cre +/Apc F/+), to selectively ablate IL-17 direct signaling on Tregs in colorectal cancer. Single cell RNA sequencing and bulk RNA sequencing were performed on purified Tregs from mouse colorectal tumors, and compared to those of human tumor infiltrating Treg cells. Results IL-17 Receptor A (IL-17RA) is expressed in Tregs that reside in mouse mesenteric lymph nodes and colon tumors. Ablation of IL-17RA, specifically in Tregs, resulted in increased Th17 cells, and exacerbated tumor development. Mechanistically, tumor-infiltrating Tregs exhibit a unique gene signature that is linked to their activation, maturation, and suppression function, and this signature is in part supported by the direct signaling of IL-17 to Tregs. To study pathways of Treg programming, we found that loss of IL-17RA in tumor Tregs resulted in reduced RNA splicing, and downregulation of several RNA binding proteins that are known to regulate alternative splicing and promote Treg function. Conclusion IL-17 directly signals to Tregs and promotes their maturation and function. This signaling pathway constitutes a negative feedback loop that controls cancer-promoting inflammation in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C. Theune
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Ju Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
- The Eighth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Eileen Victoria Theune
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Xiaoyang Ye
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Antoine Ménoret
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Anthony T. Vella
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Kepeng Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
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24
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Geels SN, Moshensky A, Sousa RS, Murat C, Bustos MA, Walker BL, Singh R, Harbour SN, Gutierrez G, Hwang M, Mempel TR, Weaver CT, Nie Q, Hoon DSB, Ganesan AK, Othy S, Marangoni F. Interruption of the intratumor CD8 + T cell:Treg crosstalk improves the efficacy of PD-1 immunotherapy. Cancer Cell 2024; 42:1051-1066.e7. [PMID: 38861924 PMCID: PMC11285091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2024.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
PD-1 blockade unleashes potent antitumor activity in CD8+ T cells but can also promote immunosuppressive T regulatory (Treg) cells, which may worsen the response to immunotherapy. Tumor-Treg inhibition is a promising strategy to improve the efficacy of checkpoint blockade immunotherapy; however, our understanding of the mechanisms supporting tumor-Tregs during PD-1 immunotherapy is incomplete. Here, we show that PD-1 blockade increases tumor-Tregs in mouse models of melanoma and metastatic melanoma patients. Mechanistically, Treg accumulation is not caused by Treg-intrinsic inhibition of PD-1 signaling but depends on an indirect effect of activated CD8+ T cells. CD8+ T cells produce IL-2 and colocalize with Tregs in mouse and human melanomas. IL-2 upregulates the anti-apoptotic protein ICOS on tumor-Tregs, promoting their accumulation. Inhibition of ICOS signaling before PD-1 immunotherapy improves control over immunogenic melanoma. Thus, interrupting the intratumor CD8+ T cell:Treg crosstalk represents a strategy to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of PD-1 immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon N Geels
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Moshensky
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Rachel S Sousa
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Claire Murat
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Matias A Bustos
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, Saint John's Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin L Walker
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Rima Singh
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Stacey N Harbour
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Giselle Gutierrez
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Michael Hwang
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Thorsten R Mempel
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Casey T Weaver
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Qing Nie
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Dave S B Hoon
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, Saint John's Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Anand K Ganesan
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Shivashankar Othy
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Francesco Marangoni
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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25
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Ohishi K, Ishikura A, Nishida S, Abo H, Nakatsukasa H, Kawashima H. Sialyl Lewis X Defines an Activated and Functional Regulatory T Cell Subpopulation in Mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1627-1638. [PMID: 38639586 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Attempts have been made to elucidate the functional markers of regulatory T cells (Tregs), CD4+Foxp3+ T cells with an immunosuppressive function. Sialyl Lewis X (sLex), a tetrasaccharide Ag, is involved in leukocyte trafficking as selectin ligands and is a marker of highly differentiated Tregs in humans. However, the importance of sLex in murine Tregs remains unknown. In this study, we report that sLex defines the activated and functional subset of murine Tregs. The contact hypersensitivity model showed that murine Tregs strongly express sLex upon activation, accompanied by functional Treg marker elevation, such as Foxp3, CD25, CD103, CD39, and granzyme B. RNA sequencing analysis revealed sLex-positive (sLex+) Tregs expressed genes involved in Treg function at a higher level than sLex-negative (sLex-) Tregs. Using an in vitro suppression assay, we found that sLex+ Tregs could more efficiently suppress naive CD4+ T cell proliferation than sLex- Tregs. In the murine contact hypersensitivity elicitation model, the topical sLex+ Treg injection into the ears suppressed ear inflammation more efficiently than that of sLex- Tregs. Our results indicate that sLex could serve as a unique surface marker of activated and functional Tregs with immunosuppressive functions in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanae Ohishi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Asaki Ishikura
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shogo Nishida
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hirohito Abo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nakatsukasa
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroto Kawashima
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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26
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Gootjes C, Zwaginga JJ, Roep BO, Nikolic T. Defining Human Regulatory T Cells beyond FOXP3: The Need to Combine Phenotype with Function. Cells 2024; 13:941. [PMID: 38891073 PMCID: PMC11172350 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential to maintain immune homeostasis by promoting self-tolerance. Reduced Treg numbers or functionality can lead to a loss of tolerance, increasing the risk of developing autoimmune diseases. An overwhelming variety of human Tregs has been described, based on either specific phenotype, tissue compartment, or pathological condition, yet the bulk of the literature only addresses CD25-positive and CD127-negative cells, coined by naturally occurring Tregs (nTregs), most of which express the transcription factor Forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3). While the discovery of FOXP3 was seminal to understanding the origin and biology of nTregs, there is evidence in humans that not all T cells expressing FOXP3 are regulatory, and that not all Tregs express FOXP3. Namely, the activation of human T cells induces the transient expression of FOXP3, irrespective of whether they are regulatory or inflammatory effectors, while some induced T cells that may be broadly defined as Tregs (e.g., Tr1 cells) typically lack demethylation and do not express FOXP3. Furthermore, it is unknown whether and how many nTregs exist without FOXP3 expression. Several other candidate regulatory molecules, such as GITR, Lag-3, GARP, GPA33, Helios, and Neuropilin, have been identified but subsequently discarded as Treg-specific markers. Multiparametric analyses have uncovered a plethora of Treg phenotypes, and neither single markers nor combinations thereof can define all and only Tregs. To date, only the functional capacity to inhibit immune responses defines a Treg and distinguishes Tregs from inflammatory T cells (Teffs) in humans. This review revisits current knowledge of the Treg universe with respect to their heterogeneity in phenotype and function. We propose that it is unavoidable to characterize human Tregs by their phenotype in combination with their function, since phenotype alone does not unambiguously define Tregs. There is an unmet need to align the expression of specific markers or combinations thereof with a particular suppressive function to coin functional Treg entities and categorize Treg diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Gootjes
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and Regenerative Cell Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (J.J.Z.); (T.N.)
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27
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Murphy C, Devis-Jauregui L, Struck R, Boloix A, Gallagher C, Gavin C, Cottone F, Fernandez AS, Madden S, Roma J, Segura MF, Piskareva O. In vivo cisplatin-resistant neuroblastoma metastatic model reveals tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4 (TNFRSF4) as an independent prognostic factor of survival in neuroblastoma. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303643. [PMID: 38809883 PMCID: PMC11135766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common solid extracranial tumour in children. Despite major advances in available therapies, children with drug-resistant and/or recurrent neuroblastoma have a dismal outlook with 5-year survival rates of less than 20%. Therefore, tackling relapsed tumour biology by developing and characterising clinically relevant models is a priority in finding targetable vulnerability in neuroblastoma. Using matched cisplatin-sensitive KellyLuc and resistant KellyCis83Luc cell lines, we developed a cisplatin-resistant metastatic MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma model. The average number of metastases per mouse was significantly higher in the KellyCis83Luc group than in the KellyLuc group. The vast majority of sites were confirmed as having lymph node metastasis. Their stiffness characteristics of lymph node metastasis values were within the range reported for the patient samples. Targeted transcriptomic profiling of immuno-oncology genes identified tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4 (TNFRSF4) as a significantly dysregulated MYCN-independent gene. Importantly, differential TNFRSF4 expression was identified in tumour cells rather than lymphocytes. Low TNFRSF4 expression correlated with poor prognostic indicators in neuroblastoma, such as age at diagnosis, stage, and risk stratification and significantly associated with reduced probability of both event-free and overall survival in neuroblastoma. Therefore, TNFRSF4 Low expression is an independent prognostic factor of survival in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Murphy
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Cancer Bioengineering Group, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura Devis-Jauregui
- Faculty of Medicine, Cell Biology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Campus Bellvitge, Feixa Llarga s/n, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Ronja Struck
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Cancer Bioengineering Group, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ariadna Boloix
- Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Group of Childhood Cancer & Blood Disorders, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ciara Gallagher
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Cancer Bioengineering Group, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cian Gavin
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Cancer Bioengineering Group, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Federica Cottone
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Cancer Bioengineering Group, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aroa Soriano Fernandez
- Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Group of Childhood Cancer & Blood Disorders, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stephen Madden
- Data Science Centre, School of Population Health, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Josep Roma
- Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Group of Childhood Cancer & Blood Disorders, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel F. Segura
- Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Group of Childhood Cancer & Blood Disorders, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Piskareva
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Cancer Bioengineering Group, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
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28
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Lee EJ, Suh M, Choi H, Choi Y, Hwang DW, Bae S, Lee DS. Spatial transcriptomic brain imaging reveals the effects of immunomodulation therapy on specific regional brain cells in a mouse dementia model. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:516. [PMID: 38796425 PMCID: PMC11128132 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10434-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence of brain-immune crosstalk raises expectations for the efficacy of novel immunotherapies in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the lack of methods to examine brain tissues makes it difficult to evaluate therapeutics. Here, we investigated the changes in spatial transcriptomic signatures and brain cell types using the 10x Genomics Visium platform in immune-modulated AD models after various treatments. To proceed with an analysis suitable for barcode-based spatial transcriptomics, we first organized a workflow for segmentation of neuroanatomical regions, establishment of appropriate gene combinations, and comprehensive review of altered brain cell signatures. Ultimately, we investigated spatial transcriptomic changes following administration of immunomodulators, NK cell supplements and an anti-CD4 antibody, which ameliorated behavior impairment, and designated brain cells and regions showing probable associations with behavior changes. We provided the customized analytic pipeline into an application named STquantool. Thus, we anticipate that our approach can help researchers interpret the real action of drug candidates by simultaneously investigating the dynamics of all transcripts for the development of novel AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ji Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Suh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongyoon Choi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoori Choi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Cliniclal Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Won Hwang
- Research and Development Center, THERABEST Inc., Seocho-daero 40-gil, Seoul, 06657, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Bae
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Soo Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Medical Science and Engineering, School of Convergence Science and Technology, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Vendramini-Costa DB, Francescone R, Franco-Barraza J, Luong T, Graves M, de Aquino AM, Steele N, Gardiner JC, Dos Santos SAA, Ogier C, Malloy E, Borghaei L, Martinez E, Zhigarev DI, Tan Y, Lee H, Zhou Y, Cai KQ, Klein-Szanto AJ, Wang H, Andrake M, Dunbrack RL, Campbell K, Cukierman E. Netrin G1 Ligand is a new stromal immunomodulator that promotes pancreatic cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.15.594354. [PMID: 38798370 PMCID: PMC11118300 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.15.594354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Understanding pancreatic cancer biology is fundamental for identifying new targets and for developing more effective therapies. In particular, the contribution of the stromal microenvironment to pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis requires further exploration. Here, we report the stromal roles of the synaptic protein Netrin G1 Ligand (NGL-1) in pancreatic cancer, uncovering its pro-tumor functions in cancer-associated fibroblasts and in immune cells. We observed that the stromal expression of NGL-1 inversely correlated with patients' overall survival. Moreover, germline knockout (KO) mice for NGL-1 presented decreased tumor burden, with a microenvironment that is less supportive of tumor growth. Of note, tumors from NGL-1 KO mice produced less immunosuppressive cytokines and displayed an increased percentage of CD8 + T cells than those from control mice, while preserving the physical structure of the tumor microenvironment. These effects were shown to be mediated by NGL-1 in both immune cells and in the local stroma, in a TGF-β-dependent manner. While myeloid cells lacking NGL-1 decreased the production of immunosuppressive cytokines, NGL-1 KO T cells showed increased proliferation rates and overall polyfunctionality compared to control T cells. CAFs lacking NGL-1 were less immunosuppressive than controls, with overall decreased production of pro-tumor cytokines and compromised ability to inhibit CD8 + T cells activation. Mechanistically, these CAFs downregulated components of the TGF-β pathway, AP-1 and NFAT transcription factor families, resulting in a less tumor-supportive phenotype. Finally, targeting NGL-1 genetically or using a functionally antagonistic small peptide phenocopied the effects of chemotherapy, while modulating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), rather than eliminating it. We propose NGL-1 as a new local stroma and immunomodulatory molecule, with pro-tumor roles in pancreatic cancer. Statement of Significance Here we uncovered the pro-tumor roles of the synaptic protein NGL-1 in the tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer, defining a new target that simultaneously modulates tumor cell, fibroblast, and immune cell functions. This study reports a new pathway where NGL-1 controls TGF-β, AP-1 transcription factor members and NFAT1, modulating the immunosuppressive microenvironment in pancreatic cancer. Our findings highlight NGL-1 as a new stromal immunomodulator in pancreatic cancer.
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30
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He S, Gubin MM, Rafei H, Basar R, Dede M, Jiang X, Liang Q, Tan Y, Kim K, Gillison ML, Rezvani K, Peng W, Haymaker C, Hernandez S, Solis LM, Mohanty V, Chen K. Elucidating immune-related gene transcriptional programs via factorization of large-scale RNA-profiles. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.10.593433. [PMID: 38798470 PMCID: PMC11118452 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.10.593433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Recent developments in immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and adoptive cell therapy, have encountered challenges such as immune-related adverse events and resistance, especially in solid tumors. To advance the field, a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind treatment responses and resistance is essential. However, the lack of functionally characterized immune-related gene sets has limited data-driven immunological research. To address this gap, we adopted non-negative matrix factorization on 83 human bulk RNA-seq datasets and constructed 28 immune-specific gene sets. After rigorous immunologist-led manual annotations and orthogonal validations across immunological contexts and functional omics data, we demonstrated that these gene sets can be applied to refine pan-cancer immune subtypes, improve ICB response prediction and functionally annotate spatial transcriptomic data. These functional gene sets, informing diverse immune states, will advance our understanding of immunology and cancer research.
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31
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Fernandes KA, Lim AI. Maternal-driven immune education in offspring. Immunol Rev 2024; 323:288-302. [PMID: 38445769 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Maternal environmental exposures, particularly during gestation and lactation, significantly influence the immunological development and long-term immunity of offspring. Mammalian immune systems develop through crucial inputs from the environment, beginning in utero and continuing after birth. These critical developmental windows are essential for proper immune system development and, once closed, may not be reopened. This review focuses on the mechanisms by which maternal exposures, particularly to pathogens, diet, and microbiota, impact offspring immunity. Mechanisms driving maternal-offspring immune crosstalk include transfer of maternal antibodies, changes in the maternal microbiome and microbiota-derived metabolites, and transfer of immune cells and cytokines via the placenta and breastfeeding. We further discuss the role of transient maternal infections, which are common during pregnancy, in providing tissue-specific immune education to offspring. We propose a "maternal-driven immune education" hypothesis, which suggests that offspring can use maternal encounters that occur during a critical developmental window to develop optimal immune fitness against infection and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ai Ing Lim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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32
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Cruz de Casas P, Knöpper K, Dey Sarkar R, Kastenmüller W. Same yet different - how lymph node heterogeneity affects immune responses. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:358-374. [PMID: 38097778 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00965-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Lymph nodes are secondary lymphoid organs in which immune responses of the adaptive immune system are initiated and regulated. Distributed throughout the body and embedded in the lymphatic system, local lymph nodes are continuously informed about the state of the organs owing to a constant drainage of lymph. The tissue-derived lymph carries products of cell metabolism, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, pathogens and circulating immune cells. Notably, there is a growing body of evidence that individual lymph nodes differ from each other in their capacity to generate immune responses. Here, we review the structure and function of the lymphatic system and then focus on the factors that lead to functional heterogeneity among different lymph nodes. We will discuss how lymph node heterogeneity impacts on cellular and humoral immune responses and the implications for vaccination, tumour development and tumour control by immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Cruz de Casas
- Max Planck Research Group, Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Konrad Knöpper
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rupak Dey Sarkar
- Max Planck Research Group, Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kastenmüller
- Max Planck Research Group, Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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33
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Li QH, Zhao QY, Yang WJ, Jiang AF, Ren CE, Meng YH. Beyond Immune Balance: The Pivotal Role of Decidual Regulatory T Cells in Unexplained Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:2697-2710. [PMID: 38707955 PMCID: PMC11070170 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s459263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is defined as two or more consecutive pregnancy failures, which brings tremendous stress to women of childbearing age and seriously affects family well-being. However, the reason in about 50% of cases remains unknown and is defined as unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA). The immunological perspective in URSA has attracted widespread attention in recent years. The embryo is regarded as a semi-allogeneic graft to the mother. A successful pregnancy requires transition to an immune environment conducive to embryo survival at the maternal-fetal interface. As an important member of regulatory immunity, regulatory T (Treg) cells play a key role in regulating immune tolerance at the maternal-fetal interface. This review will focus on the phenotypic plasticity and lineage stability of Treg cells to illustrate its relationship with URSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hui Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261021, People’s Republic of China
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Yan Zhao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Jing Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ai-Fang Jiang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-E Ren
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Han Meng
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261000, People’s Republic of China
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34
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Chi H, Pepper M, Thomas PG. Principles and therapeutic applications of adaptive immunity. Cell 2024; 187:2052-2078. [PMID: 38670065 PMCID: PMC11177542 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Adaptive immunity provides protection against infectious and malignant diseases. These effects are mediated by lymphocytes that sense and respond with targeted precision to perturbations induced by pathogens and tissue damage. Here, we review key principles underlying adaptive immunity orchestrated by distinct T cell and B cell populations and their extensions to disease therapies. We discuss the intracellular and intercellular processes shaping antigen specificity and recognition in immune activation and lymphocyte functions in mediating effector and memory responses. We also describe how lymphocytes balance protective immunity against autoimmunity and immunopathology, including during immune tolerance, response to chronic antigen stimulation, and adaptation to non-lymphoid tissues in coordinating tissue immunity and homeostasis. Finally, we discuss extracellular signals and cell-intrinsic programs underpinning adaptive immunity and conclude by summarizing key advances in vaccination and engineering adaptive immune responses for therapeutic interventions. A deeper understanding of these principles holds promise for uncovering new means to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Marion Pepper
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions and Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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35
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Zou Z, Cheng Q, Zhou J, Guo C, Hadjinicolaou AV, Salio M, Liang X, Yang C, Du Y, Yao W, Wang D, Cerundolo V, Wang Q, Xia M. ATF4-SLC7A11-GSH axis mediates the acquisition of immunosuppressive properties by activated CD4 + T cells in low arginine condition. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113995. [PMID: 38527061 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is restricted in metabolic nutrients including the semi-essential amino acid arginine. While complete arginine deprivation causes T cell dysfunction, it remains unclear how arginine levels fluctuate in the TME to shape T cell fates. Here, we find that the 20-μM low arginine condition, representing the levels found in the plasma of patients with cancers, confers Treg-like immunosuppressive capacities upon activated T cells. In vivo mouse tumor models and human single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets reveal positive correlations between low arginine condition and intratumoral Treg accumulation. Mechanistically, low arginine-activated T cells engage in metabolic and transcriptional reprogramming, using the ATF4-SLC7A11-GSH axis, to preserve their suppressive function. These findings improve our understanding of the role of arginine in human T cell biology with potential applications for immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Zou
- Institute of Immunology, and Department of Dermatology and Venereology of the Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- MRC Centre for Computational Biology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, UK
| | - Jiajie Zhou
- Institute of Immunology, and Department of Dermatology and Venereology of the Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chenyao Guo
- Institute of Immunology, and Department of Dermatology and Venereology of the Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Andreas V Hadjinicolaou
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, UK; Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Hutchison Research Centre, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XZ Cambridge, UK
| | - Mariolina Salio
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, UK
| | - Xinghua Liang
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Cuiyu Yang
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yue Du
- Institute of Immunology, and Department of Dermatology and Venereology of the Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weiran Yao
- Institute of Immunology, and Department of Dermatology and Venereology of the Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dongrui Wang
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, UK
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Institute of Immunology, and Department of Dermatology and Venereology of the Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Meng Xia
- Institute of Immunology, and Department of Dermatology and Venereology of the Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, UK.
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36
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Dittmar DJ, Pielmeier F, Strieder N, Fischer A, Herbst M, Stanewsky H, Wenzl N, Röseler E, Eder R, Gebhard C, Schwarzfischer-Pfeilschifter L, Albrecht C, Herr W, Edinger M, Hoffmann P, Rehli M. Donor regulatory T cells rapidly adapt to recipient tissues to control murine acute graft-versus-host disease. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3224. [PMID: 38622133 PMCID: PMC11018811 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47575-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The adoptive transfer of regulatory T cells is a promising strategy to prevent graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Here, we use a major histocompatibility complex-mismatched mouse model to follow the fate of in vitro expanded donor regulatory T cells upon migration to target organs. Employing comprehensive gene expression and repertoire profiling, we show that they retain their suppressive function and plasticity after transfer. Upon entering non-lymphoid tissues, donor regulatory T cells acquire organ-specific gene expression profiles resembling tissue-resident cells and activate hallmark suppressive and cytotoxic pathways, most evidently in the colon, when co-transplanted with graft-versus-host disease-inducing conventional T cells. Dominant T cell receptor clonotypes overlap between organs and across recipients and their relative abundance correlates with protection efficacy. Thus, this study reveals donor regulatory T cell selection and adaptation mechanisms in target organs and highlights protective features of Treg to guide the development of improved graft-versus-host disease prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Dittmar
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
- BioNTech SE, 82061, Neuried, Germany
| | - Franziska Pielmeier
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Fischer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Herbst
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Research Unit Tumorimmunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hanna Stanewsky
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Niklas Wenzl
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eveline Röseler
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Eder
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Gebhard
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Christin Albrecht
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Edinger
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Petra Hoffmann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Michael Rehli
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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Baeten P, Hamad I, Hoeks C, Hiltensperger M, Van Wijmeersch B, Popescu V, Aly L, Somers V, Korn T, Kleinewietfeld M, Hellings N, Broux B. Rapamycin rescues loss of function in blood-brain barrier-interacting Tregs. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e167457. [PMID: 38386413 PMCID: PMC11128200 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.167457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In autoimmunity, FOXP3+ Tregs skew toward a proinflammatory, nonsuppressive phenotype and are, therefore, unable to control the exaggerated autoimmune response. This largely affects the success of autologous Treg therapy, which is currently under investigation for autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). There is a need to ensure in vivo Treg stability before successful application of Treg therapy. Using genetic fate-mapping mice, we demonstrate that inflammatory, cytokine-expressing exFOXP3 T cells accumulate in the CNS during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. In a human in vitro model, we discovered that interaction with inflamed blood-brain barrier endothelial cells (BBB-ECs) induces loss of function by Tregs. Transcriptome and cytokine analysis revealed that in vitro migrated Tregs have disrupted regenerative potential and a proinflammatory Th1/17 signature, and they upregulate the mTORC1 signaling pathway. In vitro treatment of migrated human Tregs with the clinically approved mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin restored suppression. Finally, flow cytometric analysis indicated an enrichment of inflammatory, less-suppressive CD49d+ Tregs in the cerebrospinal fluid of people with MS. In summary, interaction with BBB-ECs is sufficient to affect Treg function, and transmigration triggers an additive proinflammatory phenotype switch. These insights help improve the efficacy of autologous Treg therapy of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulien Baeten
- Universitair MS Centrum, Campus Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ibrahim Hamad
- Universitair MS Centrum, Campus Diepenbeek, Belgium
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Cindy Hoeks
- Universitair MS Centrum, Campus Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Michael Hiltensperger
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bart Van Wijmeersch
- Universitair MS Centrum, Campus Pelt, Belgium
- Noorderhart, Revalidatie & MS Centrum, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Veronica Popescu
- Universitair MS Centrum, Campus Pelt, Belgium
- Noorderhart, Revalidatie & MS Centrum, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Lilian Aly
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Veerle Somers
- Universitair MS Centrum, Campus Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Thomas Korn
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Kleinewietfeld
- Universitair MS Centrum, Campus Diepenbeek, Belgium
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Niels Hellings
- Universitair MS Centrum, Campus Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Bieke Broux
- Universitair MS Centrum, Campus Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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38
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Huang S, Zhou R, Yuan Y, Shen Y. Stigmasterol alleviates airway inflammation in OVA-induced asthmatic mice via inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad2 and IL-17A signaling pathways. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:6478-6487. [PMID: 38579176 PMCID: PMC11042943 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Stigmasterol is a common dietary phytosterol with high nutritional value and physiological activity. In this study, we evaluated the effects of stigmasterol on inflammatory cytokines and the TGF-β1/Smad2 and IL-17A signaling pathway in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma mouse model. Stigmasterol treatment improved airway remodeling. In addition, it significantly attenuated the symptoms of asthma attacks, reduced the number of macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils in BALF and inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-13. It further decreased the level of IL-17A in BALF, serum and spleen. Spleen single-cell suspension analysis via flow cytometry showed that IL-17A level was consistent with the results obtained in BALF, serum and spleen. Stigmasterol decreased the protein expression levels of TGF-β, p-Smad2 and IL-17A in the spleen, by increasing the protein expression level of IL-10. After 24 h of co-culture of TGF-β, IL-6 and stigmasterol, the level of IL-17 in CD4+ T cell supernatant was lower relative to levels in the group without stigmasterol. Meanwhile, stigmasterol treatment attenuated the expression level of TGF- β, p-Smad2 and IL-17A proteins in CD4+ T cells and enhanced the expression levels of IL-10 protein. These data suggested that stigmasterol inhibited the TGF-β1/Smad2 and IL-17A signaling pathway to achieve anti-asthmatic effects in the OVA-induced asthma mouse model. Collectively, the results of this study are that stigmasterol has achieved preliminary efficacy in the non-clinical laboratory, further studies are needed to consider the clinical application of stigmasterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihong Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Baoshan District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201999, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Baoshan District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201999, China
| | - Yuyun Yuan
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Baoshan District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201999, China
| | - Yiyun Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Baoshan District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201999, China
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39
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Stone JK, von Muhlinen N, Zhang C, Robles AI, Flis AL, Vega-Valle E, Miyanaga A, Matsumoto M, Greathouse KL, Cooks T, Trinchieri G, Harris CC. Acidovorax temperans skews neutrophil maturation and polarizes Th17 cells to promote lung adenocarcinoma development. Oncogenesis 2024; 13:13. [PMID: 38570533 PMCID: PMC10991269 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-024-00513-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Change within the intratumoral microbiome is a common feature in lung and other cancers and may influence inflammation and immunity in the tumor microenvironment, affecting growth and metastases. We previously characterized the lung cancer microbiome in patients and identified Acidovorax temperans as enriched in tumors. Here, we instilled A. temperans in an animal model driven by mutant K-ras and Tp53. This revealed A. temperans accelerates tumor development and burden through infiltration of proinflammatory cells. Neutrophils exposed to A. temperans displayed a mature, pro-tumorigenic phenotype with increased cytokine signaling, with a global shift away from IL-1β signaling. Neutrophil to monocyte and macrophage signaling upregulated MHC II to activate CD4+ T cells, polarizing them to an IL-17A+ phenotype detectable in CD4+ and γδ populations (T17). These T17 cells shared a common gene expression program predictive of poor survival in human LUAD. These data indicate bacterial exposure promotes tumor growth by modulating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua K Stone
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Natalia von Muhlinen
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Chenran Zhang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ana I Robles
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Amy L Flis
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Eleazar Vega-Valle
- Laboratory Animal Science Program, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Akihiko Miyanaga
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Masaru Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - K Leigh Greathouse
- Human Science and Design, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Tomer Cooks
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Giorgio Trinchieri
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Curtis C Harris
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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40
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Stucchi A, Maspes F, Montee-Rodrigues E, Fousteri G. Engineered Treg cells: The heir to the throne of immunotherapy. J Autoimmun 2024; 144:102986. [PMID: 36639301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently, increased interest in the use of Tregs as adoptive cell therapy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection had led to several advances in the field. However, Treg cell therapies, while constantly advancing, indiscriminately suppress the immune system without the permanent stabilization of certain diseases. Genetically modified Tregs hold great promise towards solving these problems, but, challenges in identifying the most potent Treg subtype, accompanied by the ambiguity involved in identifying the optimal Treg source, along with its expansion and engineering in a clinical-grade setting remain paramount. This review highlights the recent advances in methodologies for the development of genetically engineered Treg cell-based treatments for autoimmune, inflammatory diseases, and organ rejection. Additionally, it provides a systematized guide to all the recent progress in the field and informs the readers of the feasibility and safety of engineered adoptive Treg cell therapy, with the aim to provide a framework for researchers involved in the development of engineered Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Stucchi
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Maspes
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Ely Montee-Rodrigues
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Cambridge Epigenetix, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Georgia Fousteri
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
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41
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Gu Y, Bartolomé-Casado R, Xu C, Bertocchi A, Janney A, Heuberger C, Pearson CF, Teichmann SA, Thornton EE, Powrie F. Immune microniches shape intestinal T reg function. Nature 2024; 628:854-862. [PMID: 38570678 PMCID: PMC11041794 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07251-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The intestinal immune system is highly adapted to maintaining tolerance to the commensal microbiota and self-antigens while defending against invading pathogens1,2. Recognizing how the diverse network of local cells establish homeostasis and maintains it in the complex immune environment of the gut is critical to understanding how tolerance can be re-established following dysfunction, such as in inflammatory disorders. Although cell and molecular interactions that control T regulatory (Treg) cell development and function have been identified3,4, less is known about the cellular neighbourhoods and spatial compartmentalization that shapes microorganism-reactive Treg cell function. Here we used in vivo live imaging, photo-activation-guided single-cell RNA sequencing5-7 and spatial transcriptomics to follow the natural history of T cells that are reactive towards Helicobacter hepaticus through space and time in the settings of tolerance and inflammation. Although antigen stimulation can occur anywhere in the tissue, the lamina propria-but not embedded lymphoid aggregates-is the key microniche that supports effector Treg (eTreg) cell function. eTreg cells are stable once their niche is established; however, unleashing inflammation breaks down compartmentalization, leading to dominance of CD103+SIRPα+ dendritic cells in the lamina propria. We identify and validate the putative tolerogenic interaction between CD206+ macrophages and eTreg cells in the lamina propria and identify receptor-ligand pairs that are likely to govern the interaction. Our results reveal a spatial mechanism of tolerance in the lamina propria and demonstrate how knowledge of local interactions may contribute to the next generation of tolerance-inducing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisu Gu
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Raquel Bartolomé-Casado
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Chuan Xu
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alice Bertocchi
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alina Janney
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cornelia Heuberger
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Pharma Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Claire F Pearson
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Theory of Condensed Matter, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emily E Thornton
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- MRC Translational Immune Discovery Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Fiona Powrie
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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42
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Alvarez F, Liu Z, Bay A, Piccirillo CA. Deciphering the developmental trajectory of tissue-resident Foxp3 + regulatory T cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1331846. [PMID: 38605970 PMCID: PMC11007185 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1331846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Foxp3+ TREG cells have been at the focus of intense investigation for their recognized roles in preventing autoimmunity, facilitating tissue recuperation following injury, and orchestrating a tolerance to innocuous non-self-antigens. To perform these critical tasks, TREG cells undergo deep epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional changes that allow them to adapt to conditions found in tissues both at steady-state and during inflammation. The path leading TREG cells to express these tissue-specialized phenotypes begins during thymic development, and is further driven by epigenetic and transcriptional modifications following TCR engagement and polarizing signals in the periphery. However, this process is highly regulated and requires TREG cells to adopt strategies to avoid losing their regulatory program altogether. Here, we review the origins of tissue-resident TREG cells, from their thymic and peripheral development to the transcriptional regulators involved in their tissue residency program. In addition, we discuss the distinct signalling pathways that engage the inflammatory adaptation of tissue-resident TREG cells, and how they relate to their ability to recognize tissue and pathogen-derived danger signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Alvarez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology in Global Health Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology (CETI), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Zhiyang Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology in Global Health Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology (CETI), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Bay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology in Global Health Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology (CETI), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ciriaco A. Piccirillo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology in Global Health Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology (CETI), Montréal, QC, Canada
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43
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Cardinez C, Hao Y, Kwong K, Davies AR, Downes MB, Roberts NA, Price JD, Hernandez RA, Lovell J, Chand R, Feng ZP, Enders A, Vinuesa CG, Miraghazadeh B, Cook MC. IKK2 controls the inflammatory potential of tissue-resident regulatory T cells in a murine gain of function model. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2345. [PMID: 38528069 PMCID: PMC10963799 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45870-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations have provided crucial insights into the immunoregulatory actions of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). By contrast, we know very little about the consequences of defects that amplify aspects of Treg function or differentiation. Here we show that mice heterozygous for an Ikbkb gain-of-function mutation develop psoriasis. Doubling the gene dose (IkbkbGoF/GoF) results in dactylitis, spondylitis, and characteristic nail changes, which are features of psoriatic arthritis. IkbkbGoF mice exhibit a selective expansion of Foxp3 + CD25+ Tregs of which a subset express IL-17. These modified Tregs are enriched in both inflamed tissues, blood and spleen, and their transfer is sufficient to induce disease without conventional T cells. Single-cell transcriptional and phenotyping analyses of isolated Tregs reveal expansion of non-lymphoid tissue (tissue-resident) Tregs expressing Th17-related genes, Helios, tissue-resident markers including CD103 and CD69, and a prominent NF-κB transcriptome. Thus, IKK2 regulates tissue-resident Treg differentiation, and overactivity drives dose-dependent skin and systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelisa Cardinez
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Translational Research Unit, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Division of Genome Sciences and Cancer, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Yuwei Hao
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Translational Research Unit, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kristy Kwong
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Translational Research Unit, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ainsley R Davies
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Translational Research Unit, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Morgan B Downes
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Translational Research Unit, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Nadia A Roberts
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jason D Price
- Division of Genome Sciences and Cancer, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Raquel A Hernandez
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Translational Research Unit, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jessica Lovell
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Rochna Chand
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Translational Research Unit, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Zhi-Ping Feng
- ANU Bioinformatics Consultancy, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Anselm Enders
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Carola G Vinuesa
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Bahar Miraghazadeh
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Translational Research Unit, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Matthew C Cook
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
- Translational Research Unit, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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44
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Chaudhuri SM, Weinberg SE, Wang D, Yalom LK, Montauti E, Iyer R, Tang AY, Torres Acosta MA, Shen J, Mani NL, Wang S, Liu K, Lu W, Bui TM, Manzanares LD, Dehghani Z, Wai CM, Gao B, Wei J, Yue F, Cui W, Singer BD, Sumagin R, Zhang Y, Fang D. Mediator complex subunit 1 architects a tumorigenic Treg cell program independent of inflammation. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101441. [PMID: 38428427 PMCID: PMC10983042 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
While immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, its safety has been hampered by immunotherapy-related adverse events. Unexpectedly, we show that Mediator complex subunit 1 (MED1) is required for T regulatory (Treg) cell function specifically in the tumor microenvironment. Treg cell-specific MED1 deletion does not predispose mice to autoimmunity or excessive inflammation. In contrast, MED1 is required for Treg cell promotion of tumor growth because MED1 is required for the terminal differentiation of effector Treg cells in the tumor. Suppression of these terminally differentiated Treg cells is sufficient for eliciting antitumor immunity. Both human and murine Treg cells experience divergent paths of differentiation in tumors and matched tissues with non-malignant inflammation. Collectively, we identify a pathway promoting the differentiation of a Treg cell effector subset specific to tumors and demonstrate that suppression of a subset of Treg cells is sufficient for promoting antitumor immunity in the absence of autoimmune consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuvam M Chaudhuri
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Samuel E Weinberg
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lenore K Yalom
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Elena Montauti
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Radhika Iyer
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Amy Y Tang
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Manuel A Torres Acosta
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jian Shen
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nikita L Mani
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Weiyuan Lu
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Triet M Bui
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Laura D Manzanares
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Zeinab Dehghani
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ching Man Wai
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Beixue Gao
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Juncheng Wei
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Feng Yue
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Weiguo Cui
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Benjamin D Singer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ronen Sumagin
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yana Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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45
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Zhao Y, Nicholson L, Wang H, Qian YW, Hawthorne WJ, Jimenez-Vera E, Gloss BS, Lai J, Thomas A, Chew YV, Burns H, Zhang GY, Wang YM, Rogers NM, Zheng G, Yi S, Alexander SI, O’Connell PJ, Hu M. Intragraft memory-like CD127hiCD4+Foxp3+ Tregs maintain transplant tolerance. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e169119. [PMID: 38516885 PMCID: PMC11063946 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.169119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an essential role in suppressing transplant rejection, but their role within the graft and heterogeneity in tolerance are poorly understood. Here, we compared phenotypic and transcriptomic characteristics of Treg populations within lymphoid organs and grafts in an islet xenotransplant model of tolerance. We showed Tregs were essential for tolerance induction and maintenance. Tregs demonstrated heterogeneity within the graft and lymphoid organs of tolerant mice. A subpopulation of CD127hi Tregs with memory features were found in lymphoid organs, presented in high proportions within long-surviving islet grafts, and had a transcriptomic and phenotypic profile similar to tissue Tregs. Importantly, these memory-like CD127hi Tregs were better able to prevent rejection by effector T cells, after adoptive transfer into secondary Rag-/- hosts, than naive Tregs or unselected Tregs from tolerant mice. Administration of IL-7 to the CD127hi Treg subset was associated with a strong activation of phosphorylation of STAT5. We proposed that memory-like CD127hi Tregs developed within the draining lymph node and underwent further genetic reprogramming within the graft toward a phenotype that had shared characteristics with other tissue or tumor Tregs. These findings suggested that engineering Tregs with these characteristics either in vivo or for adoptive transfer could enhance transplant tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hannah Wang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research and
| | - Yi Wen Qian
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research and
| | | | | | - Brian S. Gloss
- Scientific Platforms, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joey Lai
- Scientific Platforms, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Yi Vee Chew
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research and
| | | | - Geoff Y. Zhang
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yuan Min Wang
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Natasha M. Rogers
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research and
- Renal and Transplant Medicine Unit, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Shounan Yi
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research and
| | - Stephen I. Alexander
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Min Hu
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research and
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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46
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Attias M, Piccirillo CA. The impact of Foxp3 + regulatory T-cells on CD8 + T-cell dysfunction in tumour microenvironments and responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38325330 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been a breakthrough in cancer therapy, inducing durable remissions in responding patients. However, they are associated with variable outcomes, spanning from disease hyperprogression to complete responses with the onset of immune-related adverse events. The consequences of checkpoint inhibition on Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg ) cells remain unclear but could provide key insights into these variable outcomes. In this review, we first cover the mechanisms that underlie the development of hot and cold tumour microenvironments, which determine the efficacy of immunotherapy. We then outline how differences in tumour-intrinsic immunogenicity, T-cell trafficking, local metabolic environments and inhibitory checkpoint signalling differentially impair CD8+ T-cell function in tumour microenvironments, all the while promoting Treg -cell suppressive activity. Finally, we focus on the mechanisms that enable the induction of polyfunctional CD8+ T-cells upon checkpoint blockade and discuss the role of ICI-induced Treg -cell reactivation in acquired resistance to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhaël Attias
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology (CETI), The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ciriaco A Piccirillo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology (CETI), The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montréal, Québec, Canada
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47
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Garcia-Bonilla L, Shahanoor Z, Sciortino R, Nazarzoda O, Racchumi G, Iadecola C, Anrather J. Analysis of brain and blood single-cell transcriptomics in acute and subacute phases after experimental stroke. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:357-370. [PMID: 38177281 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01711-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia triggers a powerful inflammatory reaction involving peripheral leukocytes and brain resident cells that contribute to both tissue injury and repair. However, their dynamics and diversity remain poorly understood. To address these limitations, we performed a single-cell transcriptomic study of brain and blood cells 2 or 14 days after ischemic stroke in mice. We observed a strong divergence of post-ischemic microglia, monocyte-derived macrophages and neutrophils over time, while endothelial cells and brain-associated macrophages showed altered transcriptomic signatures at 2 days poststroke. Trajectory inference predicted the in situ trans-differentiation of macrophages from blood monocytes into day 2 and day 14 phenotypes, while neutrophils were projected to be continuously de novo recruited from the blood. Brain single-cell transcriptomes from both female and male aged mice were similar to that of young male mice, but aged and young brains differed in their immune cell composition. Although blood leukocyte analysis also revealed altered transcriptomes after stroke, brain-infiltrating leukocytes displayed higher transcriptomic divergence than their circulating counterparts, indicating that phenotypic diversification occurs within the brain in the early and recovery phases of ischemic stroke. A portal ( https://anratherlab.shinyapps.io/strokevis/ ) is provided to allow user-friendly access to our data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Garcia-Bonilla
- The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Ziasmin Shahanoor
- The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rose Sciortino
- The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Omina Nazarzoda
- The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gianfranco Racchumi
- The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Costantino Iadecola
- The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Josef Anrather
- The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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48
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Tearle JLE, Tang A, Vasanthakumar A, James KR. Role reversals: non-canonical roles for immune and non-immune cells in the gut. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:137-146. [PMID: 37967720 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The intestine is home to an intertwined network of epithelial, immune, and neuronal cells as well as the microbiome, with implications for immunity, systemic metabolism, and behavior. While the complexity of this microenvironment has long since been acknowledged, recent technological advances have propelled our understanding to an unprecedented level. Notably, the microbiota and non-immune or structural cells have emerged as important conductors of intestinal immunity, and by contrast, cells of both the innate and adaptive immune systems have demonstrated non-canonical roles in tissue repair and metabolism. This review highlights recent works in the following two streams: non-immune cells of the intestine performing immunological functions; and traditional immune cells exhibiting non-immune functions in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline L E Tearle
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adelynn Tang
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ajithkumar Vasanthakumar
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Kylie R James
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australia.
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49
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Santosh Nirmala S, Kayani K, Gliwiński M, Hu Y, Iwaszkiewicz-Grześ D, Piotrowska-Mieczkowska M, Sakowska J, Tomaszewicz M, Marín Morales JM, Lakshmi K, Marek-Trzonkowska NM, Trzonkowski P, Oo YH, Fuchs A. Beyond FOXP3: a 20-year journey unravelling human regulatory T-cell heterogeneity. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1321228. [PMID: 38283365 PMCID: PMC10811018 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1321228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The initial idea of a distinct group of T-cells responsible for suppressing immune responses was first postulated half a century ago. However, it is only in the last three decades that we have identified what we now term regulatory T-cells (Tregs), and subsequently elucidated and crystallized our understanding of them. Human Tregs have emerged as essential to immune tolerance and the prevention of autoimmune diseases and are typically contemporaneously characterized by their CD3+CD4+CD25high CD127lowFOXP3+ phenotype. It is important to note that FOXP3+ Tregs exhibit substantial diversity in their origin, phenotypic characteristics, and function. Identifying reliable markers is crucial to the accurate identification, quantification, and assessment of Tregs in health and disease, as well as the enrichment and expansion of viable cells for adoptive cell therapy. In our comprehensive review, we address the contributions of various markers identified in the last two decades since the master transcriptional factor FOXP3 was identified in establishing and enriching purity, lineage stability, tissue homing and suppressive proficiency in CD4+ Tregs. Additionally, our review delves into recent breakthroughs in innovative Treg-based therapies, underscoring the significance of distinct markers in their therapeutic utilization. Understanding Treg subsets holds the key to effectively harnessing human Tregs for immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kayani Kayani
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Academic Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Renal Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mateusz Gliwiński
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Yueyuan Hu
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Justyna Sakowska
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Martyna Tomaszewicz
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Kavitha Lakshmi
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Piotr Trzonkowski
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ye Htun Oo
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Liver Transplant and Hepatobiliary Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Birmingham Advanced Cellular Therapy Facility, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Rare Diseases, European Reference Network - Rare Liver Centre, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anke Fuchs
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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50
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Yang KY, Liao J, Ma Z, Tse HF, Lu L, Graca L, Lui KO. Single-cell transcriptomics of Treg reveals hallmarks and trajectories of immunological aging. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:19-35. [PMID: 37675661 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related immunosenescence is characterized by progressive dysfunction of adaptive immune response and increased autoimmunity. Nevertheless, the impact of aging on CD4+ regulatory T cells that are master regulators of the immune system remains largely unclear. Here, we report cellular and molecular hallmarks of regulatory T cells derived from murine lymphoid and adipose tissues at 3, 18, and 24 mo of age, respectively, by analyzing their heterogeneity that displays dynamic changes in transcriptomic effector signatures at a single-cell resolution. Although the proportion of regulatory T cells among total Cd4+ T cells, as well as their expression levels of Foxp3, did not show any global change with time, we have identified 6 transcriptomically distinct clusters of regulatory T cells with cross-tissue conserved hallmarks of aging, including increased numbers of proinflammatory regulatory T cells, reduced precursor cells, increased immature and mature T follicular regulatory cells potentially supported by a metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, a gradual loss of CD150hi regulatory T cells that support hematopoiesis, and increased adipose tissue-specific regulatory T cells that are associated with metabolic disease. To dissect the impact of immunosenescence on humoral immunity, we propose some potential mechanisms underlying T follicular regulatory cell-mediated dysfunction by interactome analysis on T follicular regulatory cells, T follicular helper cells, and B cells during aging. Lastly, spatiotemporal analysis further revealed trajectories of regulatory T-cell aging that demonstrate the most significant changes in marrow and adipose tissues that might contribute to the development of age-related immunosenescence and type 2 diabetes. Taken together, our findings could provide a better understanding of age-associated regulatory T-cell heterogeneity in lymphoid and adipose tissues, as well as regulatory T-cell hallmarks during progressive adaptation to aging that could be therapeutically targeted for rejuvenating the aging immune system in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y Yang
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
- Division of Cardiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinyue Liao
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhangjing Ma
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung Fat Tse
- Division of Cardiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liwei Lu
- Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Luis Graca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício Egas Moniz, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Kathy O Lui
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, No. 10 2nd Yuexin Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China
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