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Postigo Á, García-Fernández J, Cuesta M, Recio P, Barría-González J, Lozano LM. Giving Meaning to the Dark Triad: Comparison of Different Factor Structures of the Dirty Dozen Through Eight Regions of the World. Assessment 2024; 31:1218-1232. [PMID: 37960852 DOI: 10.1177/10731911231209282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The traits of the dark triad (narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism) capture the individual differences in the aversive personality. The dark triad has shown significant relations with behaviors that affect people's lives. One of the best-known instruments to assess the dark triad is the Dirty Dozen. However, controversy continues over the use of one general dark triad score or, conversely, three different scores. This study aimed to investigate the factor structure of the Dirty Dozen across eight global regions. There were 11,477 participants in 49 countries grouped into eight regions. Different factor structures were studied using confirmatory factor analyses. Both the three-dimensional models and the bifactor models (symmetrical or traditional and non-symmetrical or bifactor-[S - 1]) showed a good fit to the data. The bifactor-(S - 1) models (with psychopathy or Machiavellianism as the reference factors) show adequate fit to the data, supported by the coherence of the factorial loadings and the bifactor indices. Regarding measurement invariance for both models, configural, metric, and scalar invariance were satisfied. The results indicate that it is not clear whether a psychopathy or Machiavellianism reference factor predominates in the Dirty Dozen. For both models, templates are provided to obtain standardized scores for applied researchers in the eight studied world regions until future studies offer a greater amount of validity evidence for this instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Patricia Recio
- Department of Methodology for Behavioral Sciences, National University of Distance Education (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Barría-González
- Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Psychology, University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Luis Manuel Lozano
- Department of Methodology for Behavioral Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
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2
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Jones JD, Boyd RC, Sandro AD, Calkins ME, Los Reyes AD, Barzilay R, Young JF, Benton TD, Gur RC, Moore TM, Gur RE. The General Psychopathology 'p' Factor in Adolescence: Multi-Informant Assessment and Computerized Adaptive Testing. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024:10.1007/s10802-024-01223-8. [PMID: 38869751 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports the presence of a general psychopathology dimension, the p factor ('p'). Despite growing interest in the p factor, questions remain about how p is assessed. Although multi-informant assessment of psychopathology is commonplace in clinical research and practice with children and adolescents, almost no research has taken a multi-informant approach to studying youth p or has examined the degree of concordance between parent and youth reports. Further, estimating p requires assessment of a large number of symptoms, resulting in high reporter burden that may not be feasible in many clinical and research settings. In the present study, we used bifactor multidimensional item response theory models to estimate parent- and adolescent-reported p in a large community sample of youth (11-17 years) and parents (N = 5,060 dyads). We examined agreement between parent and youth p scores and associations with assessor-rated youth global functioning. We also applied computerized adaptive testing (CAT) simulations to parent and youth reports to determine whether adaptive testing substantially alters agreement on p or associations with youth global functioning. Parent-youth agreement on p was moderate (r =.44) and both reports were negatively associated with youth global functioning. Notably, 7 out of 10 of the highest loading items were common across reporters. CAT reduced the average number of items administered by 57%. Agreement between CAT-derived p scores was similar to the full form (r =.40) and CAT scores were negatively correlated with youth functioning. These novel results highlight the promise and potential clinical utility of a multi-informant p factor approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Jones
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Roberts Center for Pediatric Research, 2716 South Street, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA.
| | - Rhonda C Boyd
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Roberts Center for Pediatric Research, 2716 South Street, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Akira Di Sandro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Monica E Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Andres De Los Reyes
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Ran Barzilay
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Roberts Center for Pediatric Research, 2716 South Street, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Jami F Young
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Roberts Center for Pediatric Research, 2716 South Street, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Tami D Benton
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Roberts Center for Pediatric Research, 2716 South Street, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Roberts Center for Pediatric Research, 2716 South Street, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
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Zoupou E, Moore TM, Calkins ME, Gur RE, Gur RC, Scott JC. Domain-specific associations between psychopathology and neurocognitive functioning. Psychol Med 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38828712 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291724001302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurocognitive dysfunction is a transdiagnostic finding in psychopathology, but relationships among cognitive domains and general and specific psychopathology dimensions remain unclear. This study aimed to examine associations between cognition and psychopathology dimensions in a large youth cohort. METHOD The sample (N = 9350; age 8-21 years) was drawn from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. Data from structured clinical interviews were modeled using bifactor confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), resulting in an overall psychopathology ('p') factor score and six orthogonal psychopathology dimensions: dysphoria/distress, obsessive-compulsive, behavioral/externalizing, attention-deficit/hyperactivity, phobias, and psychosis. Neurocognitive data were aggregated using correlated-traits CFA into five factors: executive functioning, memory, complex cognition, social cognition, and sensorimotor speed. We examined relationships among specific and general psychopathology dimensions and neurocognitive factors. RESULTS The final model showed both overall and specific associations between cognitive functioning and psychopathology, with acceptable fit (CFI = 0.91; TLI = 0.90; RMSEA = 0.024; SRMR = 0.054). Overall psychopathology and most psychopathology dimensions were negatively associated with neurocognitive functioning (phobias [p < 0.0005], behavioral/externalizing [p < 0.0005], attention-deficit/hyperactivity [p < 0.0005], psychosis [p < 0.0005 to p < 0.05]), except for dysphoria/distress and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, which were positively associated with complex cognition (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION By modeling a broad range of cognitive and psychopathology domains in a large, diverse sample of youth, we found aspects of neurocognitive functioning shared across clinical phenotypes, as well as domain-specific patterns. Findings support transdiagnostic examination of cognitive performance to parse variability in the link between neurocognitive functioning and clinical phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Zoupou
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Monica E Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - J Cobb Scott
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- VISN4 MIRECC, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Swami V, Maïano C, Argyrides M, Anastasiades E. The Experience of Embodiment Scale: An examination of its psychometric properties in women from the Republic of Cyprus. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303268. [PMID: 38768176 PMCID: PMC11104586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The Experience of Embodiment Scale (EES) is a recently developed instrument that assesses experiences of living in the body. Here, we prepared a novel Greek translation of the EES and examined its psychometric properties. We initially prepared a Greek translation of the EES using a 5-step procedure recommended for test adaptation studies. Next, in a cross-sectional study, we asked a sample of 933 women from Cyprus to complete the Greek EES, alongside additional, previously validated measures assessing body appreciation, psychological well-being (self-esteem, life satisfaction), eating restriction, perfectionism, and internalisation of appearance ideals. Our analyses showed that EES factorial models based on confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) roundly had poor fit. Conversely, models based on exploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM)-which accounts for the fact that EES items cross-load across factors-had adequate fit to the data. Additionally, we found that both higher-order and bifactor-ESEM models that controlled for the uniqueness of negatively worded items had adequate fit. The bifactor-ESEM model had the best fit of all the models tested, and was invariant across ethnicity (Greeks and Greek-Cypriots) and was unaffected by differential item functioning based on age and body mass index. Additionally, construct validity of the final, optimal model was adequate, especially for its G-factor, as indicated by significant associations with additional constructs in expected directions. These results suggest that a bifactor-ESEM model of the Greek EES has adequate psychometric properties. Our work highlights important psychometric issues relating to the manner in which the EES should (or could) be conceptualised and modelled, which should be considered more fully in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viren Swami
- School of Psychology, Sport, and Sensory Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Christophe Maïano
- Cyberpsychology Laboratory and Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Saint-Jérôme, Canada
| | | | - Elly Anastasiades
- School of Psychology, Sport, and Sensory Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Putter I, van der Vaart L, Bosman J. Evaluating Need Crafting: Scale Validation and Workplace Implications. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:301. [PMID: 38667097 PMCID: PMC11047519 DOI: 10.3390/bs14040301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Basic psychological need crafting assumes that need-based experiences are enhanced through intentional behavior and thought changes. Despite its known benefits outside of the work context, need crafting instruments designed for this context, and the implications of need crafting for employee functioning, remain underexplored. Thus, this study set out to adapt and validate the need crafting scale (NCS) among employees (n = 229). Results supported the construct, discriminant validity, and criterion validity of the NCS. The research also revealed that, through need crafting, employees reported enhanced experiences related to their needs, which led to higher work effort and engagement and a reduced desire to leave their jobs. Additionally, the different types of need crafting had differential direct effects on employee functioning, supporting a more nuanced understanding of the construct. As the first of its kind, the study underpins the relevance and generalizability of the NCS and need crafting in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Putter
- Optentia Research Unit, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa; (I.P.); (J.B.)
| | - Leoni van der Vaart
- Optentia Research Unit, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa; (I.P.); (J.B.)
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jacqueline Bosman
- Optentia Research Unit, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa; (I.P.); (J.B.)
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Raykov T, DiStefano C, Calvocoressi L. A Note on Comparing the Bifactor and Second-Order Factor Models: Is the Bayesian Information Criterion a Routinely Dependable Index for Model Selection? EDUCATIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT 2024; 84:271-288. [PMID: 38898876 PMCID: PMC11185100 DOI: 10.1177/00131644231166348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
This note demonstrates that the widely used Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) need not be generally viewed as a routinely dependable index for model selection when the bifactor and second-order factor models are examined as rival means for data description and explanation. To this end, we use an empirically relevant setting with multidimensional measuring instrument components, where the bifactor model is found consistently inferior to the second-order model in terms of the BIC even though the data on a large number of replications at different sample sizes were generated following the bifactor model. We therefore caution researchers that routine reliance on the BIC for the purpose of discriminating between these two widely used models may not always lead to correct decisions with respect to model choice.
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7
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Valenti GD, Bottaro R, Faraci P. Assessing the Two Sources of Construct-Relevant Psychometric Multidimensionality of the Nomophobia Questionnaire: The Integrated Framework of Bifactor Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling. Eval Health Prof 2024; 47:52-65. [PMID: 37737041 DOI: 10.1177/01632787231203380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed at investigating the two sources of construct-relevant psychometric multidimensionality of the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q), applying the newly developed bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling (B-ESEM) approach. We first contrasted several CFA and ESEM models to test the psychometric multidimensionality due to the fallibility of indicators. Then, we compared the first-order structures with those specifying both global and specific factors to test the coexistence of hierarchically ordered factors. Results from 469 participants to the 20-item questionnaire showed the superiority of a B-ESEM representation with a well-defined G-factor and four weaker S-factors. On a methodological level, our findings provide additional support for the utility of using B-ESEM's integrative perspective to better capture the complexity of multidimensional constructs.
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8
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Luo Y, Mellano KT, Mullin EM, Zhong J, Zhou Y, Sha Y, Zhang Y, Luo S, Guo N. Translation and Psychometric Evaluation of a Chinese Version of the Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire (BRSQ) with University Sport Athletes. Percept Mot Skills 2024; 131:219-245. [PMID: 38029293 DOI: 10.1177/00315125231218188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Our aim in this study was to translate and psychometrically evaluate a Chinese version of the Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire (BRSQ). Participants were Chinese collegiate athletes (N = 361) who were competitive in their respective sports. We examined the construct validity of the Chinese BRSQ using alternative structural equation models and evaluated convergent validity, factor score reliability, and measurement invariance of the optimal model. Due to insufficient score reliability for some subscales, our initial Chinese BRSQ was deemed problematic. A modified version of the questionnaire with a four-factor structure (amotivation, external regulation, introjected regulation, and autonomous motivation) demonstrated excellent construct validity, convergent validity, and score reliability. There was measurement invariance across athlete level and sex. This tool provides a valuable resource for practitioners and sport psychology researchers for assessing sport motivation among competitive university athletes in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Luo
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Physical Education and Health Education, Springfield College, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen T Mellano
- Department of Exercise Science and Athletic Training, Springfield College, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Mullin
- Department of Exercise Science and Athletic Training, Springfield College, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Juan Zhong
- Department of Psychology, Springfield College, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Yi Zhou
- Sports Training School, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanru Sha
- Institute of Physical Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yingqiu Zhang
- Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Shenyue Luo
- Department of Sports, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Nan Guo
- Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
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Wang J, Xin X, Huo Y, Li Y, Han Y, Kong F. Bifactor Modelling, Reliability, and Validity of the Material Values Scale in Chinese Youth. Psychol Rep 2024; 127:465-484. [PMID: 35834410 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221114407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study validated the bifactor model of the Material Values Scale (MVS) and examined the association between materialism and subjective well-being (SWB). Study 1 utilized a material values questionnaire that 1673 college students completed. Confirmatory factor analysis results indicated that the bifactor model of the MVS had a better fit than other models. Likewise, the findings were replicated in Study 2 using a larger sample size (N = 2627). Through structural equation modeling, only the general and specific factors of success were found to be negative predictors of SWB. Our study both provides a methodological reference for measuring the MVS and compensates for the limitations of MVS measurement results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoyang Xin
- Center for Psychological Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongquan Huo
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Xi'an, China
| | - Yue Han
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China; Hailiang Foreign Language School, Shaoxing, China
| | - Feng Kong
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Xi'an, China
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Lecuona O, Moreno-Jiménez J, Sofía Vilte L, de Rivas S, de la Cruz Z, Rodríguez-Carvajal R. Freeing the performer's mind: A network analysis of music performance anxiety, negative affect, self-consciousness and mindfulness among music performers. Scand J Psychol 2023; 64:746-754. [PMID: 37246789 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Music performance anxiety (MPA) is a common damaging phenomenon in musicians' careers. Mindfulness stands as a promising construct to prevent MPA. However, the relationships between mindfulness and MPA are scarcely explored, alongside other relevant attention-based (e.g., self-consciousness) or emotion-based constructs (e.g., negative affect). This study explores the relationships between these constructs. A sample of 151 musicians was assessed to explore the relationships between these constructs. Self-reports of mindfulness, MPA, negative affect, and self-consciousness were applied. We implemented network analysis following a general (second-order) and specific (first-order) framework. Networks showed dispositional mindfulness as negatively associated with negative affect and MPA in both general and facet levels, while mindfulness in past performances was only negatively associated with negative affect. MPA was positively associated with negative affect and self-consciousness. Mindfulness displayed light or no associations with self-consciousness. Therefore, mindfulness seems to be a relevant construct toward MPA. We propose a preliminary model to improve mindfulness research and interventions applied to music performers. We also outline limitations and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Lecuona
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcon, Spain
- Department of Health & Biological Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jennifer Moreno-Jiménez
- Department of Health & Biological Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Spain
| | - Luz Sofía Vilte
- Department of Health & Biological Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Spain
| | - Sara de Rivas
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcon, Spain
| | - Zulema de la Cruz
- Area of Music, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja, Logrono, Spain
| | - Raquel Rodríguez-Carvajal
- Department of Health & Biological Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Didier PR, Moore TM, Calkins ME, Prettyman G, Levinson T, Savage C, de Moraes Leme LFV, Kohler CG, Kable J, Satterthwaite T, Gur RC, Gur RE, Wolf DH. Evaluation of a new intrinsic and extrinsic motivation scale in youth with psychosis spectrum symptoms. Compr Psychiatry 2023; 127:152413. [PMID: 37696094 PMCID: PMC10644398 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impairment in intrinsic motivation (IM), the drive to satisfy internal desires like mastery, may play a key role in disability in psychosis. However, we have limited knowledge regarding relative impairments in IM compared to extrinsic motivation (EM) or general motivation (GM), in part due to limitations in existing measures. METHODS Here we address this gap using a novel Trait Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation self-report scale in a sample of n = 243 participants including those with schizophrenia, psychosis-risk, and healthy controls. Each of the 7 IM and 6 EM items used a 7-point Likert scale assessing endorsement of dispositional statements. Bifactor analyses of these items yielded distinct IM, EM, and GM factor scores. Convergent and discriminant validity were examined in relation to General Causality Orientation Scale (GCOS-CP) and Quality of Life 3-item IM measure (QLS-IM). Utility was assessed in relation to psychosis-spectrum (PS) status and CAINS clinical amotivation. RESULTS IM and EM showed acceptable inter-item consistency (IM: α = 0.88; EM: α = 0.66); the bifactor model exhibited fit that varied from good to borderline to inadequate depending on the specific fit metric (SRMR = 0.038, CFI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.106 ± 0.014). IM scores correlated with established IM measures: GCOS-CP Autonomy (rho = 0.38, p < 0.01) and QLS-IM (rho = 0.29, p < 0.01). Supporting discriminant validity, IM did not correlate with GCOS-CP Control (rho = -0.14, p > 0.05). Two-year stability in an available longitudinal subset (n = 35) was strong (IM: rho = 0.64, p < 0.01; EM: rho = 0.55, p < 0.01). Trait IM was lower in PS youth (t = 4.24, p < 0.01), and correlated with clinical amotivation (rho = -0.36, p < 0.01); EM did not show significant clinical associations. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the clinical relevance of IM in psychosis risk. They also provide preliminary support for the reliability, validity and utility of this new Trait IM-EM scale, which addresses a measurement gap and can facilitate identification of neurobehavioral and clinical correlates of IM deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige R Didier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Monica E Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Greer Prettyman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tess Levinson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Lynch School of Education and Human Development, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Chloe Savage
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Christian G Kohler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joseph Kable
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Theodore Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel H Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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12
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Zhao M, Ford T, Smithson J, Wang P, Karl A. Self-Compassion in Chinese Young Adults: Its Measurement and Measurement Construct. Assessment 2023; 30:2074-2089. [PMID: 36482690 PMCID: PMC10478333 DOI: 10.1177/10731911221137540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Self-compassion is the ability to be kind to oneself in adversity. This multidimensional construct is typically assessed by the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). In Chinese samples, there have been inconsistent psychometric findings that impede cross-cultural research. This study aimed to explore the factor structure of the Chinese version (SCS-C). METHODS Two samples of young Chinese adults were recruited (Sample 1, N = 465, 141 men, Mean age [Mage] = 20.26; Sample 2, N = 392, 71 men; Mage = 18.97). Confirmatory factor analyses and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) were used to examine previously reported four- and six-factor structures of SCS-C. RESULTS Although ESEM supported the six-factor structure when a problematic item was omitted, we found stronger evidence for a novel four-factor structure of the SCS-C revealed with self-kindness, common humanity, mindfulness, and uncompassionate self-responding. This suggests that Chinese individuals have a different understanding of the negative components of the original self-compassion definition, which was based on the United States and other mostly Western samples. Omega coefficients of the bifactor models suggested that using the SCS total score in Chinese samples is inappropriate. However, high factor determinacy and construct replicability indicated that the general factor of SCS-C could be used in a structural equation modeling context for both four-factor and six-factor structures. CONCLUSIONS When using the existing SCS-C in path models, researchers should use a latent variable approach and establish the measurement construct rather than sum scores of the scale or subscales without checking the factor structure in future empirical studies. Also, the SCS-C needs to be revised, and we proposed directions forward for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peng Wang
- Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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13
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Ikeda Y, Kita Y, Oi Y, Okuzumi H, Lanfranchi S, Pulina F, Mammarella IC, Allen K, Giofrè D. The Structure of Working Memory and Its Relationship with Intelligence in Japanese Children. J Intell 2023; 11:167. [PMID: 37623550 PMCID: PMC10455765 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence11080167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a host of research on the structure of working memory (WM) and its relationship with intelligence in adults, but only a few studies have involved children. In this paper, several different WM models were tested on 170 Japanese school children (from 7 years and 5 months to 11 years and 6 months). Results showed that a model distinguishing between modalities (i.e., verbal and spatial WM) fitted the data well and was therefore selected. Notably, a bi-factor model distinguishing between modalities, but also including a common WM factor, presented with a very good fit, but was less parsimonious. Subsequently, we tested the predictive power of the verbal and spatial WM factors on fluid and crystallized intelligence. Results indicated that the shared contribution of WM explained the largest portion of variance of fluid intelligence, with verbal and spatial WM independently explaining a residual portion of the variance. Concerning crystallized intelligence, however, verbal WM explained the largest portion of the variance, with the joint contribution of verbal and spatial WM explaining the residual part. The distinction between verbal and spatial WM could be important in clinical settings (e.g., children with atypical development might struggle selectively on some WM components) and in school settings (e.g., verbal and spatial WM might be differently implicated in mathematical achievement).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Ikeda
- Department of Special Needs Education, Joetsu University of Education, Niigata 943-8512, Japan;
| | - Yosuke Kita
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letters, Keio University, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit (CBRU), Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yuhei Oi
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chukyo University, Aichi 470-0393, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okuzumi
- Faculty of Education, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan
| | - Silvia Lanfranchi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padua, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Pulina
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padua, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Katie Allen
- School of Education, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - David Giofrè
- DISFOR, University of Genoa, 16121 Genova, Italy
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14
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Lazarescu G, Maïano C, Vintilă M, Goian C, Swami V. Psychometric properties of a Romanian translation of the Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale (ACSS): An examination using bifactor exploratory structural equation modelling. Body Image 2023; 45:273-283. [PMID: 37001224 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale (ACSS; Henderson-King & Henderson-King, 2005) is a widely used measure for the assessment of attitudes toward cosmetic surgery. Here, we examined the psychometrics of a novel Romanian translation of the ACSS. A total of 1275 Romanian adults (889 women, 386 men) completed the ACSS alongside additional, related measures. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with a first split-half subsample supported extraction of the original 3-factor model consisting of Intrapersonal, Social, and Consider dimensions. In a second split-half subsample, we found that a 3-factor bifactor exploratory structural equation model (B-ESEM) had superior fit compared to all alternative models that were tested. This B-ESEM representation had well-defined G-factor with adequate composite reliability, and its S-factors were also generally well-defined. Across subsamples, the optimal model showed strong or partial strong invariance across gender, with women having significantly higher latent means on the Consider factor relative to men. Evidence of convergent validity was also generally good in women, especially for the G-factor of the ACSS, but was attenuated in men. Overall, these findings indicate that the Romanian version of the ACSS has adequate psychometric properties. We also encourage scholars to consider B-ESEM representations of the ACSS in other national settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giănină Lazarescu
- Department of Psychology, West University of Timișoara, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Christophe Maïano
- Cyberpsychology Laboratory and Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Saint-Jérôme, Canada
| | - Mona Vintilă
- Department of Psychology, West University of Timișoara, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Cosmin Goian
- Department of Social Work, West University of Timișoara, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Viren Swami
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK; Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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15
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Rogers TA, Gorday JY, Bardeen JR, Benfer N. Examining the Factor Structure and Incremental Utility of the Contrast Avoidance Questionnaires via Bifactor Analysis. J Pers Assess 2023; 105:238-248. [PMID: 35674446 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2022.2081921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The negative emotional contrast avoidance model posits that pathological worry is maintained by the avoidance of negative emotional shifts. The Contrast Avoidance Questionnaires (CAQ-Worry and CAQ-General Emotion) aim to assess contrast avoidance beliefs and behaviors. Questions remain around the factor structures of the CAQs, whether such structures replicate in nonundergraduate samples, and whether their domain-specific factors are valid for independent use. This study used bifactor analysis in a large community sample (N = 827) to address these gaps in the literature. Results supported bifactor models of both measures. Complementary analyses supported the multidimensionality of the CAQ-Worry, including its strong general factor and independent use of two domain-specific factors, rather than the original three domain-specific factors. The CAQ-General Emotion's general factor was strong, but the merits of the Discomfort domain-specific factor require more exploration, and use of the Avoidance domain-specific factor is discouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis A Rogers
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| | - Julia Y Gorday
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| | - Joseph R Bardeen
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| | - Natasha Benfer
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
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16
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Rosario-Hernández E, Rovira-Millán LV, Merino-Soto C, Angulo-Ramos M. Review of the psychometric properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) Spanish version in a sample of Puerto Rican workers. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1024676. [PMID: 36865076 PMCID: PMC9971011 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1024676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to examine the internal structure and assess the psychometric properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in a Puerto Rican sample of workers. This instrument is a nine-item questionnaire, which was conceptualized as a unidimensional structure; however, there are mixed results regarding this internal structure. This measure is used in the occupational health psychology context in organizations in Puerto Rico; nevertheless, there is little evidence of its psychometric properties with samples of workers. Materials and methods A total of 955 samples from two different study samples were used in this cross-sectional study design in which the PHQ-9 was used. We conducted confirmatory factor analysis, bifactor analysis, and random intercept item factor analysis to examine the internal structure of the PHQ-9. Moreover, a two-factor model was examined by randomly assigning items to the two factors. Measurement invariance across sex and the relationship with other constructs were examined. Results The best-fitted model was the bifactor model followed by the random intercept item factor. The five sets of two-factor models with items randomly assigned obtained acceptable and similar fit indices regardless of the items. Conclusion The results suggest that the PHQ-9 appears to be a reliable and valid instrument to measure depression. The more parsimonious interpretation of its scores, for now, is a unidimensional structure. Comparison across sex appears to be useful in occupational health psychology research settings since the results suggest that the PHQ-9 is invariant regarding this variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Rosario-Hernández
- Clinical Psychology Programs, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
- Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | | | - César Merino-Soto
- Instituto de Investigación de Psicología, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru
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17
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Parra-Martinez FA, Desmet OA, Wai J. The Evolution of Intelligence: Analysis of the Journal of Intelligence and Intelligence. J Intell 2023; 11:jintelligence11020035. [PMID: 36826933 PMCID: PMC9961905 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence11020035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
What are the current trends in intelligence research? This parallel bibliometric analysis covers the two premier journals in the field: Intelligence and the Journal of Intelligence (JOI) between 2013 and 2022. Using Scopus data, this paper extends prior bibliometric articles reporting the evolution of the journal Intelligence from 1977 up to 2018. It includes JOI from its inception, along with Intelligence to the present. Although the journal Intelligence's growth has declined over time, it remains a stronghold for traditional influential research (average publications per year = 71.2, average citations per article = 17.07, average citations per year = 2.68). JOI shows a steady growth pattern in the number of publications and citations (average publications per year = 33.2, average citations per article = 6.48, total average citations per year = 1.48) since its inception in 2013. Common areas of study across both journals include cognitive ability, fluid intelligence, psychometrics-statistics, g-factor, and working memory. Intelligence includes core themes like the Flynn effect, individual differences, and geographic IQ variability. JOI addresses themes such as creativity, personality, and emotional intelligence. We discuss research trends, co-citation networks, thematic maps, and their implications for the future of the two journals and the evolution and future of the scientific study of intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jonathan Wai
- Department of Education Reform, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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18
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Ramos-Vera C, Basauri-Delgado M, Diaz Peña M, Tinoco Alberto J, Perez Arroyo K, Herrera Mamani B, Sánchez-Villena A, Saintila J. Bifactor SEM and MIRT Structure of a 12-Item Human Immunodeficiency Virus Stigma Scale in Peruvian Adults. J Prim Care Community Health 2023; 14:21501319231197589. [PMID: 37750178 PMCID: PMC10521262 DOI: 10.1177/21501319231197589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stigma associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can lead to prejudice and discrimination against people who have been infected by this virus, consequently, it is important to have a validated tool to measure this phenomenon. However, there is only 1 national precedent that has validated the scores of this instrument in its 21-item version. Therefore, this study examined the bifactor structural equation method (SEM) and multidimensional item response theory (MIRT) structure of a 12-item human immunodeficiency virus stigma scale in Peruvian adults. METHODS We evaluated 342 patients (57.6% female and 42.45% male) diagnosed with HIV receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) from a hospital located in East Lima, aged 18 to 45 years (M = 31.4, SD = 9.79). A SEM was used to test 2 measurement models, a 4-factor correlated oblique model and a bifactor model due to high interfactor relationships. RESULTS Acceptable fit indices were identified for the oblique model (χ2/df = 1.26, SRMR = 0.044, RMSEA [90% CI] = 0.028 [0.000-0.047], CFI = 0.996, TLI = 0.994). In the same way, similar results were evident for the bifactor model (χ2/df = 1.14, SRMR = 0.039, RMSEA [90% CI] = 0.020 [0.000-0.044], CFI = 0.998, TLI = 0.997), however, in the latter it showed a greater explanation for the unidimensional model (H = 0.87, PUC = 0.82, LCA = 0.70), which was also evidenced by the bifactor MIRT analysis. CONCLUSION It is concluded that the 12-item HIV Stigma Scale meets the psychometric properties of internal structure and unifactorial reliability.
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19
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Zhang B, Luo J, Sun T, Cao M, Drasgow F. Small but Nontrivial: A Comparison of Six Strategies to Handle Cross-Loadings in Bifactor Predictive Models. MULTIVARIATE BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH 2023; 58:115-132. [PMID: 34357822 DOI: 10.1080/00273171.2021.1957664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The bifactor model is a promising alternative to traditional modeling techniques for studying the predictive validity of hierarchical constructs. However, no study to date has systematically examined the influence of cross-loadings on the estimation of regression coefficients in bifactor predictive models. Therefore, we present a systematic examination of the statistical performance of six modeling strategies to handle cross-loadings in bifactor predictive models: structural equation modeling (SEM), exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) with target rotation, Bayesian structural equation modeling (BSEM), and each of the three with augmentation. Results revealed four clear patterns: 1) forcing even small cross-loadings to zero was detrimental to empirical identification, estimation bias, power and Type I error rates; 2) the performance of ESEM with target rotation was unexpectedly weak; 3) augmented BSEM had satisfactory performance in an absolute sense and outperformed the other five strategies across most conditions; 4) augmentation improved the performance of ESEM and SEM, although the degree of improvement was not as substantial as that of BSEM. In addition, we also presented an empirical example to show the feasibility of the proposed approach. Overall, these findings can help users of bifactor predictive models design better studies, choose more appropriate analytical strategies, and obtain more reliable results. Implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Texas A & M University
| | - Jing Luo
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
| | - Tianjun Sun
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University
| | | | - Fritz Drasgow
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign
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20
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The Körperkoordinations Test Für Kinder for Iranian Youth: Factor Structure, Measurement Invariance, and Covariates. JOURNAL OF MOTOR LEARNING AND DEVELOPMENT 2023. [DOI: 10.1123/jmld.2021-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To examine the factor structure and measurement invariance of the Körperkoordinations Test Für Kinder (KTK) and covariates of motor competence in a sample of Iranian children aged 5–14 years. Methods: Participants were children aged 5–14 years (N = 432, 61% boys). Age, sex, and body mass index were collected. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to investigate the factorial structure of KTK and multigroup CFA carried out to test measurement invariance across sexes and age groups. In addition, we calculated a model with covariates to identify the association between KTK items with age, sex, and body mass index z score. Results: CFA supported the construct validity of a one-factor model with an appropriate fit indices that the four subtests loaded on the same factor namely motor competence. Furthermore, according to the magnitude of changes in root mean square error of approximation and comparative fit index between nested models, the assumption of KTK measurement invariance across age-groups and sex were valid. Finally, adequate fit indices were found for the multigroup CFA path model of KTK with the covariates sex, age, and body mass index z score. Conclusion: The KTK is a valid, reliable, and valuable instrument for assessing motor competence of Iranian children and adolescents.
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Psychometric properties of a Greek translation of the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2) in adults from Cyprus. Body Image 2022; 43:348-361. [PMID: 36272259 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The construct of intuitive eating is commonly assessed using the 23-item, 4-factor Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2; Tylka & Kroon Van Diest, 2013). In this study, we assessed the psychometric properties of a novel Greek translation of the IES-2 in adults from Cyprus. In Study 1 (N = 626), an exploratory factor analysis indicated that the IES-2 should be conceptualized as consisting of six factors that showed complete invariance across women and men. Study 2 (N = 793), using exploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM) and beifactor analysis (B-ESEM), indicated that the 6-factor B-ESEM model had adequate fit and evidenced complete invariance across sex once the correlated uniqueness of negatively worded IES-2 items was accounted for. This final model evidenced adequate composite reliability, and a global G-factor evidenced adequate convergent, concurrent, and discriminant validity. In contrast, the IES-2 S-factors showed more equivocal patterns of validity, with some S-factors showing less-than-adequate associations with body image variables, self-esteem, symptoms of disordered eating, and fruit and vegetable intake. In general, these results provide satisfactory evidence of the psychometric properties of the Greek IES-2 in adults from Cyprus, but also suggest that models of IES-2 scores may vary across national or cultural contexts.
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22
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VanderWeele TJ, Vansteelandt S. A statistical test to reject the structural interpretation of a latent factor model. J R Stat Soc Series B Stat Methodol 2022; 84:2032-2054. [PMID: 36818188 PMCID: PMC9937555 DOI: 10.1111/rssb.12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Factor analysis is often used to assess whether a single univariate latent variable is sufficient to explain most of the covariance among a set of indicators for some underlying construct. When evidence suggests that a single factor is adequate, research often proceeds by using a univariate summary of the indicators in subsequent research. Implicit in such practices is the assumption that it is the underlying latent, rather than the indicators, that is causally efficacious. The assumption that the indicators do not have effects on anything subsequent, and that they are themselves only affected by antecedents through the underlying latent is a strong assumption, effectively imposing a structural interpretation on the latent factor model. In this paper, we show that this structural assumption has empirically testable implications, even though the latent variable itself is unobserved. We develop a statistical test to potentially reject the structural interpretation of a latent factor model. We apply this test to data concerning associations between the Satisfaction-with-Life-Scale and subsequent all-cause mortality, which provides strong evidence against a structural interpretation for a univariate latent underlying the scale. Discussion is given to the implications of this result for the development, evaluation, and use of measures, and for the use of factor analysis itself.
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Feraco T, Cona G. Differentiation of general and specific abilities in intelligence. A bifactor study of age and gender differentiation in 8- to 19-year-olds. INTELLIGENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2022.101669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Kocur D, Flakus M, Fopka-Kowalczyk M. Validity and reliability of the Polish version of the Self-Compassion Scale and its correlates. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267637. [PMID: 35576191 PMCID: PMC9109924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study adapts the Self-Compassion Scale into Polish and tests the validity, reliability and factor structure of its measures. In the first phase of the research (Study I), 645 respondents were assessed using the NEO-FFI Scale, the Self-Esteem Scale and a back-translated version of the Self-Compassion Scale. The aim of Study I is to analyse the factor structure of the Polish adaptation of the Self-Compassion Scale. The results of analyses using structural equation modelling and exploratory structural equation modelling confirm the six-component structure of the Self-Compassion Scale and the possibility of distinguishing a single primary factor. The results of these analyses indicate that self-compassion is conceptually distinctive from personality traits and self-judgement. In the second phase of the study (Study II), 688 respondents were assessed and the findings show that self-compassion is a predictor of depressive symptoms, trait anxiety, and satisfaction with life, and is also linked to emotional intelligence. In conclusion, the findings of this study show that the Polish version of the Self-Compassion Scale is a reliable and valid measure of self-compassion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagna Kocur
- Department of Psychology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Maria Flakus
- Department of Psychology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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Irritability and Emotional Impulsivity as Core Feature of ADHD and ODD in Children. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-022-09974-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe categorical approach of diagnosing mental disorders entails the problem of frequently occurring comorbidities, suggesting a more parsimonious structure of psychopathology. In this study, we therefore aim to assess how affective dysregulation (AD) is associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in children. To assess AD in children aged 8–12 years (n = 391), we employed the parent version of a newly constructed parent rating scale. Following item reduction, we conducted exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to establish a factorial structure of AD. One core dimension was identified, comprising irritability and emotional impulsivity, and two smaller dimensions, comprising positive emotionality and exuberance. Subsequently, we examined five different latent factor models – a unidimensional model, a first-order correlated factor model, a second-order correlated factor model, a traditional bifactor model, and a bifactor S-1 model, in which the first-order factor AD-Irritability/Emotional Impulsivity (II) was modeled as the general reference factor. A bifactor S-1 model with the a priori defined general reference domain AD-II provided the best fit to our data and was straightforward to interpret. This model showed excellent model fit and no anomalous factor loadings. This still held true, when comparing it to bifactor S-1 models with ADHD/ODD-related reference factors. Differential correlations with emotion regulation skills and the established Parent Proxy Anger Scale validate the interpretation of the different dimensions. Our results suggest that irritability/emotional impulsivity might be a common core feature of ADHD and ODD.
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Xie P, Mu W, Li Y, Li X, Wang Y. The Chinese version of the Digital Stress Scale: Evaluation of psychometric properties. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03156-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Moore TM, Lahey BB. Issues in Estimating Interpretable Lower Order Factors in Second-Order Hierarchical Models: Commentary on Clark et al. (2021). Clin Psychol Sci 2022; 10:593-598. [PMID: 35677113 PMCID: PMC9173570 DOI: 10.1177/21677026211035114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Clark and colleagues asserted that lower-order factors in second-order models are comparable to specific factors in bifactor models when residualized on the general factor (Clark et al., 2021). Modeling simulated data demonstrated that residualized lower-order factors are correlated with bifactor specific factors only to the extent that factor loadings are proportional. Modeling actual data with violations of proportionality showed that specific and residualized lower-order factors are not always highly correlated and have differential correlations with criterion variables, even when both models fit acceptably. Because proportionality constraints limit only second-order models, bifactor models should be the first option for hierarchical modeling.
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28
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Swami V, Maïano C, Furnham A, Robinson C. The intuitive eating scale-2: re-evaluating its factor structure using a bifactor exploratory structural equation modelling framework. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:1349-1357. [PMID: 34292529 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01271-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies examining the appropriateness of the 4-factor model of intuitive eating scale-2 (IES-2) scores have returned equivocal results, which may reflect methodological limitations in the way IES-2 scores are modelled. Here, we applied a bifactor-exploratory structural equation modelling (B-ESEM) framework to better understand IES-2 multidimensionality. METHODS A total of 603 participants from the United States completed the IES-2, alongside measures of body appreciation, body acceptance from others, and self-esteem. Our analyses compared the fit of various hypothesised models of IES-2 scores. RESULTS Models of IES-2 scores based on confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) uniformly showed poor fit. ESEM models showed superior fit to CFA representations and a B-ESEM model showed improved fit over higher-order CFA and B-CFA representations of IES-2 scores. The optimal model was a B-ESEM model that accounted for, through correlated uniqueness (CU), the methodological artefact introduced by negatively-worded IES-2 items. This B-ESEM-CU model was fully invariant across gender and showed adequate construct validity. CONCLUSION The B-ESEM-CU framework appears well-suited to understand the multidimensionality of IES-2 scores. A model of IES-2 scores that yields a reliable latent indicator of global intuitive eating while allowing for simultaneous consideration of additional specific factors will likely provide more accurate accounting of the nature and outcomes of intuitive eating. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viren Swami
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, East Road, Cambridge, CB1 1PT, Cambridgeshire, UK.
- Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Christophe Maïano
- Cyberpsychology Laboratory and Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Saint-Jérôme, Canada
| | - Adrian Furnham
- Department of Leadership and Organizational Behaviour, Norwegian Business School, Oslo, Norway
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Xie SS, Shen SL, Xiong XX, Chen YP, Shen YL, Lin N, Lin RM. Testing a bifactor model and measurement invariance of the cognitive avoidance questionnaire in Chinese adolescents. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03141-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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30
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Brett JD, Becerra R, Maybery MT, Preece DA. The Psychometric Assessment of Empathy: Development and Validation of the Perth Empathy Scale. Assessment 2022; 30:1140-1156. [PMID: 35435013 DOI: 10.1177/10731911221086987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Empathy, the ability to infer and share others' affective states, plays a vital role in social interactions. However, no existing scale comprehensively assesses empathy's cognitive and affective components across positive and negative emotional valence domains. This article explores the latent structure of the empathy construct and attempts to remedy past measurement limitations by developing and validating a new 20-item self-report measure, the Perth Empathy Scale (PES). In Study 1 (N = 316), factor analyses revealed a coherent empathy construct comprised of cognitive and valence-specific affective components. Study 2 (N = 331) replicated this factor structure, showed measurement invariance between males and females, and highlighted the importance of assessing negative and positive emotions in empathy. The PES showed convergent and discriminant validity from comparisons with alexithymia and other empathy measures. Overall, this article empirically establishes a conceptually clear structure of the multidimensional empathy construct, which the PES reliably and validly measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David A Preece
- University of Western Australia, Perth, USA.,Curtin University, Perth, WA, USA
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Lee MA, Alarcon GM, Capiola A. “I Think You Are Trustworthy, Need I Say More?” The Factor Structure and Practicalities of Trustworthiness Assessment. Front Psychol 2022; 13:797443. [PMID: 35432086 PMCID: PMC9012151 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.797443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Two popular models of trustworthiness have garnered support over the years. One has postulated three aspects of trustworthiness as state-based antecedents to trust. Another has been interpreted to comprise two aspects of trustworthiness. Empirical data shows support for both models, and debate remains as to the theoretical and practical reasons researchers may adopt one model over the other. The present research aimed to consider this debate by investigating the factor structure of trustworthiness. Taking items from two scales commonly employed to assess trustworthiness, we leveraged structural equation modeling to explore which theoretical model is supported by the data in an organizational trust context. We considered an array of first-order, second-order, and bifactor models. The best-fitting model was a bifactor model comprising one general trustworthiness factor and ability, benevolence, and integrity grouping factors. This model was determined to be essentially unidimensional, though this is qualified by the finding that the grouping variables accounted for significant variance with for several organizational outcome criteria. These results suggest that respondents typically employ a general factor when responding to items assessing trustworthiness, and researchers may be better served treating the construct as unidimensional or engaging in scale parceling of their models to reflect this response tendency more accurately. However, the substantial variance accounted by the grouping variables in hierarchical regression suggest there may be contexts in which it would be acceptable to consider the theoretical factors of ability, benevolence, and integrity independent of general trustworthiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Lee
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Inc., Dayton, OH, United States
- Airman Systems Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Michael A. Lee,
| | - Gene M. Alarcon
- Airman Systems Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - August Capiola
- Airman Systems Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, United States
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32
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Xu F, Cai Y, Tu D. Psychometric properties of TAS, TAI, FAT test anxiety scales 6 in Chinese university students: a Bifactor IRT study. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-00610-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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33
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Koós M, Fuss J, Klein V, Demetrovics Z, Bőthe B. Sexual Motivations Underlying Compulsive Sexual Behavior in Women and Men From Germany and Hungary. J Sex Med 2022; 19:170-181. [PMID: 34906543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are ongoing debates about conflicting models on how to conceptualize compulsive sexual behavior. At the heart of these discussions is the question about the sexual motivations underlying compulsive sexual behavior, as different models assume different motivations. AIM The aim of the present study was to understand sexual motivations underlying compulsive sexual behavior and their relation to the most prominent conceptualizations of compulsive sexual behavior (eg, compulsive sexual behavior disorder [CSBD], sex addiction). METHODS We used self-reported data from 2 large samples of Hungarian and German populations (N = 9814). The Sexual Motivation Scale (SexMS), a 24-item self-report measure based on self-determination theory, was used to assess a diverse set of sexual motivations. Compulsive sexual behavior was assessed with the 19-item Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder Scale (CSBD-19), that is based on the ICD-11 diagnostic guidelines of CSBD. We used structural equation modeling to examine the hypothesized associations between sexual motivations and compulsive sexual behavior and examined potential gender differences in these associations. OUTCOMES Compulsive sexual behavior was assessed in relation to a set of sexual motivations. RESULTS Amotivation had the strongest positive association with compulsive sexual behavior, but integrated, introjected, and intrinsic motivations were also positively related to it. Importantly, these associations did not differ for women and men, and between the 2 samples. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Future research and treatment should also consider sexual motivations that are not listed among the ICD-11 guidelines for CSBD, including high levels of sexual interest, continuing the behavior despite having little satisfaction from it and coping with sex. STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS Although we used large samples of general populations in 2 Western countries, this motivational background of compulsive sexual behavior awaits replication in a clinical sample of individuals experiencing CSBD. CONCLUSION The identified sexual motivations underlying compulsive sexual behavior are relevant for assessing and treating patients as motivations may be integrated into psychotherapeutic interventions. Koós M, Fuss J, Klein V, et al. Sexual Motivations Underlying Compulsive Sexual Behavior in Women and Men From Germany and Hungary. J Sex Med 2022;19:170-181.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónika Koós
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Johannes Fuss
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Forensic Psychiatry and Sex Research, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Verena Klein
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
| | - Beáta Bőthe
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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A New Story on the Multidimensionality of the MSPSS: Validity of the Internal Structure through Bifactor ESEM. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020935. [PMID: 35055757 PMCID: PMC8775847 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The internal structure of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) in adolescents has been evaluated with some factorial analysis methodologies but not with bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM), and possibly the inconsistency in the internal structure was dependent on these approaches. The objective of the study was to update evidence regarding its internal structure of MSPSS, by means of a detailed examination of its multidimensionality The participants were 460 adolescents from an educational institution in the Callao region, Lima, Peru. The structure was modeled using unidimensional, three-factor and bifactor models with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and ESEM approaches. The models showed good levels of fit, with the exception of the unidimensional model; however, the multidimensionality indicators supported the superiority of the bifactor ESEM. In contrast, the general factor was not strong enough, and the interfactorial correlations were substantially lower. It is concluded that the MSPSS can be interpreted by independent but moderately correlated factors, and there is possible systematic variance that potentially prevented the identification of a general factor.
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van Zyl LE, ten Klooster PM. Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling: Practical Guidelines and Tutorial With a Convenient Online Tool for Mplus. Front Psychiatry 2022; 12:795672. [PMID: 35069293 PMCID: PMC8779472 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.795672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Critics of positive psychology have questioned the validity of positive psychological assessment measures (PPAMs), which negatively affects the credibility and public perception of the discipline. Psychometric evaluations of PPAMs have shown that various instruments produce inconsistent factor structures between groups/contexts/times frames, that their predictive validity is questionable, and that popular PPAMs are culturally biased. Further, it would seem positive psychological researchers prioritize date-model-fit over measurement quality. To address these analytical challenges, more innovative and robust approaches toward the validation and evaluation of PPAMs are required to enhance the discipline's credibility and to advance positive psychological science. Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) has recently emerged as a promising alternative to overcome some of these challenges by incorporating the best elements from exploratory- and confirmatory factor analyses. ESEM is still a relatively novel approach, and estimating these models in statistical software packages can be complex and tedious. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to provide novice researchers with a practical tutorial on how to estimate ESEM with a convenient online tool for Mplus. Specifically, we aim to demonstrate the use of ESEM through an illustrative example by using a popular positive psychological instrument: the Mental Health Continuum-SF. By using the MHC-SF as an example, we aim to provide (a) a brief overview of ESEM (and different ESEM models/approaches), (b) guidelines for novice researchers on how to estimate, compare, report, and interpret ESEM, and (c) a step-by-step tutorial on how to run ESEM analyses in Mplus with the De Beer and Van Zy ESEM syntax generator. The results of this study highlight the value of ESEM, over and above that of traditional confirmatory factor analytical approaches. The results also have practical implications for measuring mental health with the MHC-SF, illustrating that a bifactor ESEM Model fits the data significantly better than any other theoretical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Llewellyn E. van Zyl
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
- Department of Human Resource Management, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
- Institut für Psychologie, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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36
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Rocha LFDD, Hernandez JAE, Falcone EMDO, Peluso ML. Cross-cultural adaptation of the Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire (CPQ) for Brazilians. PSICO-USF 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-82712022270106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The goals of this paper are the cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties evaluation of the Brazilian version of the Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire (CPQ), a scale that measures the tendency of a person to pursue self-demanding standards and the subjective consequences provided by achieving them or not. The original instrument was translated to Portuguese and back-translated to English. The preliminary version was judged by one of the authors of the instrument and by Brazilian specialists, producing content validity indicators. The final version was applied to a sample of 250 Brazilian undergraduate students, aged from 18 to 60 years old (M=24.9, SD=8.63), mostly female (76%). In the Exploratory Factor Analysis, data have revealed a bidimensional structure, and the other psychometric properties, such as internal consistency and validity regarding other variables, have shown adequate to the instrument. Additional analyses of unidimensional congruence reinforced the multidimensionality of the measure.
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37
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Rosario-Hernández E, Rovira-Millán LV, Merino-Soto C. Review of the Internal Structure, Psychometric Properties, and Measurement Invariance of the Work-Related Rumination Scale - Spanish Version. Front Psychol 2021; 12:774472. [PMID: 34899526 PMCID: PMC8656259 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.774472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of the current study was to examine the internal structure and assess the psychometric properties of the Work-Related Rumination Scale (WRRS) – Spanish version in a Puerto Rican sample of workers. This instrument is a 15-item questionnaire, which has three factors, affective rumination, problem-solving pondering, and detachment. This measure is used in the occupational health psychology context; however, there is little evidence of its psychometric properties. Materials and Methods: A total sample of 4,100 from five different study samples was used in this cross-sectional study design in which the WRRS was used. We conducted confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) to examine the internal structure of the Work-Related Rumination Scale. Measurement invariance across sex and age was examined. Results: The three-factor model was supported; however, four items were eliminated due to their cross-loadings and factorial complexity. This 11-item Spanish version of the WRRS was invariant across sex and age. Reliability of the three-factors of WRRS were within the range of 0.74 to 0.87 using Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega. Correlations between the three factors were as expected as well as with other established measures. Conclusion: The results suggest that the WRRS-Spanish version appears to be a reliable and valid instrument to measure work-related rumination using its three factors. Comparison across sex and age appear to be useful in occupational health psychology research setting since results suggest that the WRRS is invariant regarding those variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Rosario-Hernández
- Clinical Psychology Programs, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, United States.,Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, United States
| | - Lillian V Rovira-Millán
- Psychology Program, Department of Social Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Cayey, PR, United States
| | - César Merino-Soto
- Psychology Research Institute, School of Psychology, University of San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru
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38
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Testing the structure of human cognitive ability using evidence obtained from the impact of brain lesions over abilities. INTELLIGENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2021.101581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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39
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Zakharin M, Bates TC. Remapping the foundations of morality: Well-fitting structural model of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258910. [PMID: 34679123 PMCID: PMC8535174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Moral foundations theory posits five moral foundations, however 5-factor models provide poor fit to the data. Here, in five studies, each with large samples (total N = 11,496), we construct and replicate a well-fitting model of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ). In study 1 (N = 2,271) we tested previously theorised models, confirming none provide adequate fit. We then developed a well-fitting model of the MFQ. In this model, the fairness/reciprocity and harm/care foundations were preserved intact. The binding foundations, however, divided into five, rather than the original three foundations. Purity/sanctity split into independent foundations of purity and sanctity. Similarly, Ingroup/loyalty divided into independent factors of loyalty to clan and loyalty to country. Authority/respect was re-focussed on hierarchy, losing one item to the new sanctity foundation and another into loyalty to country. In addition to these 7 foundations, higher-level factors of binding and individualizing were supported, along with a general/acquiescence factor. Finally, a "moral tilt" factor corresponding to coordinated left-leaning vs. right-leaning moral patterns was supported. We validated the model in four additional studies, testing replication of the 7-foundation model in data including from US, Australia, and China (total N = 9,225). The model replicated with good fit found in all four samples. These findings demonstrate the first well-fitting replicable model of the MFQ. They also highlight the importance of modelling measurement structure, and reveal important additional foundations, and structure (binding, individualizing, tilt) above the foundations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zakharin
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy C. Bates
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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40
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Moshagen M. When a Truly Positive Correlation Turns Negative: How Different Approaches to Model Hierarchically Structured Constructs Affect Estimated Correlations to Covariates. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/08902070211050170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Many constructs in personality psychology assume a hierarchical structure positing a general factor along with several narrower subdimensions or facets. Different approaches are commonly used to model such a structure, including higher-order factor models, bifactor models, single-factor models based on the responses on the observed items, and single-factor models based on parcels computed from the mean observed scores on the subdimensions. The present article investigates the consequences of adopting a certain approach for the validity of conclusions derived from the thereby obtained correlation of the most general factor to a covariate. Any of the considered approaches may closely approximate the true correlation when its underlying assumptions are met or when model misspecifications only pertain to the measurement model of the hierarchical construct. However, when misspecifications involve nonmodeled covariances between parts of the hierarchically structured construct and the covariate, higher-order models, single-factor representations, and facet-parcel approaches can yield severely biased estimates sometimes grossly misrepresenting the true correlation and even incurring sign changes. In contrast, a bifactor approach proved to be most robust and to provide rather unbiased results under all conditions. The implications are discussed and recommendations are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Moshagen
- Psychological Research Methods, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Frischkorn GT, von Bastian CC. In Search of the Executive Cognitive Processes Proposed by Process-Overlap Theory. J Intell 2021; 9:43. [PMID: 34449666 PMCID: PMC8395920 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence9030043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Process-Overlap Theory (POT) suggests that measures of cognitive abilities sample from sets of independent cognitive processes. These cognitive processes can be separated into domain-general executive processes, sampled by the majority of cognitive ability measures, and domain-specific processes, sampled only by measures within a certain domain. According to POT, fluid intelligence measures are related because different tests sample similar domain-general executive cognitive processes to some extent. Re-analyzing data from a study by De Simoni and von Bastian (2018), we assessed domain-general variance from executive processing tasks measuring inhibition, shifting, and efficiency of removal from working memory, as well as examined their relation to a domain-general factor extracted from fluid intelligence measures. The results showed that domain-general factors reflecting general processing speed were moderately and negatively correlated with the domain-general fluid intelligence factor (r = -.17--.36). However, domain-general factors isolating variance specific to inhibition, shifting, and removal showed only small and inconsistent correlations with the domain-general fluid intelligence factor (r = .02--.22). These findings suggest that (1) executive processing tasks sample only few domain-general executive processes also sampled by fluid intelligence measures, as well as (2) that domain-general speed of processing contributes more strongly to individual differences in fluid intelligence than do domain-general executive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gidon T. Frischkorn
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Binzmuehlestrasse 14, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
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Salamon J, Tóth-Király I, Bõthe B, Nagy T, Orosz G. Having the Cake and Eating It Too: First-Order, Second-Order and Bifactor Representations of Work Engagement. Front Psychol 2021; 12:615581. [PMID: 34366951 PMCID: PMC8339798 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.615581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though work engagement is a popular construct in organizational psychology, the question remains whether it is experienced as a global construct, or as its three components (vigor, dedication, absorption). The present study thus contributes to the ongoing scientific debate about the dimensionality of work engagement systematically compared one-factor, first-order, higher-order, and bifactor confirmatory factor analytic (CFA) representations of work engagement measured by the short version of Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9). We also documented the validity evidence of the most optimal representation based on its test-criterion relationship with basic psychological need fulfillment at work, turnover intentions, work addiction, and work satisfaction. Based on responses provided by two distinct samples of employees (N 1 = 242, N 2 = 505), our results supported the superiority of the bifactor-CFA representation including a global factor of work engagement and three co-existing specific factors of vigor, dedication, and absorption. This representation replicated well across the two samples through tests of measurement invariance. Finally, while global work engagement was substantially related to all correlates, the specific factors also demonstrated meaningful associations over and above the global levels of work engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janos Salamon
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Ergonomics and Psychology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Beáta Bõthe
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tamás Nagy
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Orosz
- ULR 7369 -URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, Sherpas, Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, Lille, France
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Dimensionality and psychometric properties of an Italian translation of the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2): An assessment using a bifactor exploratory structural equation modelling framework. Appetite 2021; 166:105588. [PMID: 34224761 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The construct of intuitive eating is most often measured using the 23-item Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2), but previous studies have typically relied solely on confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to understand IES-2 dimensionality. In contrast, a bifactor exploratory structural equation modelling (B-ESEM) framework offers a more realistic account of IES-2 multidimensionality. Here, we assessed the psychometric properties of a novel Italian translation using a combination of exploratory factor analysis and B-ESEM. A total of 950 adults completed the IES-2 alongside measures of positive body image, disordered eating, and psychological well-being. Results indicated that a 4-factor B-ESEM model had adequate fit to the data and that fit was improved when the correlated uniqueness of seven negatively worded IES-2 items was accounted for. This model of IES-2 scores showed adequate internal consistency and good test-retest reliability up to three weeks. Evidence of construct validity was good in terms of a global IES-2 factor, and broadly supported in terms of its specific-factors. These results highlight the utility of a B-ESEM framework for understanding the dimensionality of IES-2 scores and may help scholars better understand the extent to which the IES-2 adequately operationalises the construct of intuitive eating.
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Swami V, Todd J, Barron D. Translation and validation of body image instruments: An addendum to Swami and Barron (2019) in the form of frequently asked questions. Body Image 2021; 37:214-224. [PMID: 33725653 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Test adaptation - the translation and validation of source instruments for use in new social identity groups - plays a vital role in body image research. Previously, Swami and Barron (2019) developed a set of good practice recommendations and reporting guidelines for the test adaptation of body image instruments. However, a number of issues in that article were not covered in depth and new issues have emerged as a result of developments in theory and practice. Here, we offer an addendum to Swami and Barron in the form of frequently asked questions. Issues discussed in this article include various methods for achieving good translations, the appropriateness of revising instrument components prior to empirical analyses, determining the number of factors to extract in exploratory factor analyses (EFA), and the usefulness of EFA versus confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) in determining factorial validity. We also cover methods of analyses that have been infrequently utilised by body image scholars, including exploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM), bifactor model analyses, and various methods for establish measurement invariance. When read as an addendum to Swami and Barron, we hope this article helps to clarify issues of importance for body image researchers interested in conducting test adaptation work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viren Swami
- School of Psychology and Sports Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Jennifer Todd
- School of Psychology and Sports Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - David Barron
- Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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English MCW, Gignac GE, Visser TAW, Whitehouse AJO, Enns JT, Maybery MT. The Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory (CATI): development and validation of a new measure of autistic traits in the general population. Mol Autism 2021; 12:37. [PMID: 34001225 PMCID: PMC8130295 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-021-00445-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traits and characteristics qualitatively similar to those seen in diagnosed autism spectrum disorder can be found to varying degrees in the general population. To measure these traits and facilitate their use in autism research, several questionnaires have been developed that provide broad measures of autistic traits [e.g. Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ), Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ)]. However, since their development, our understanding of autism has grown considerably, and it is arguable that existing measures do not provide an ideal representation of the trait dimensions currently associated with autism. Our aim was to create a new measure of autistic traits that reflects our current understanding of autism, the Comprehensive Autism Trait Inventory (CATI). METHODS In Study 1, 107 pilot items were administered to 1119 individuals in the general population and exploratory factor analysis of responses used to create the 42-item CATI comprising six subscales: Social Interactions, Communication, Social Camouflage, Repetitive Behaviours, Cognitive Rigidity, and Sensory Sensitivity. In Study 2, the CATI was administered to 1068 new individuals and confirmatory factor analysis used to verify the factor structure. The AQ and BAPQ were administered to validate the CATI, and additional autistic participants were recruited to compare the predictive ability of the measures. In Study 3, to validate the CATI subscales, the CATI was administered to 195 new individuals along with existing valid measures qualitatively similar to each CATI subscale. RESULTS The CATI showed convergent validity at both the total-scale (r ≥ .79) and subscale level (r ≥ .68). The CATI also showed superior internal reliability for total-scale scores (α = .95) relative to the AQ (α = .90) and BAPQ (α = .94), consistently high reliability for subscales (α > .81), greater predictive ability for classifying autism (Youden's Index = .62 vs .56-.59), and demonstrated measurement invariance for sex. LIMITATIONS Analyses of predictive ability for classifying autism depended upon self-reported diagnosis or identification of autism. The autistic sample was not large enough to test measurement invariance of autism diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS The CATI is a reliable and economical new measure that provides observations across a wide range of trait dimensions associated with autism, potentially precluding the need to administer multiple measures, and to our knowledge, the CATI is also the first broad measure of autistic traits to have dedicated subscales for social camouflage and sensory sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. W. English
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Gilles E. Gignac
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Troy A. W. Visser
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Andrew J. O. Whitehouse
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA Australia
| | - James T. Enns
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Murray T. Maybery
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
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Burnout profiles: dimensionality, replicability, and associations with predictors and outcomes. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01807-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Raymaekers K, Helgeson VS, Prikken S, Vanhalst J, Moons P, Goossens E, Berg CA, Luyckx K. Diabetes-specific friend support in emerging adults with type 1 diabetes: Does satisfaction with support matter? J Behav Med 2021; 44:402-411. [PMID: 33677767 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-021-00211-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) must adhere to a complex treatment regimen to prevent health complications. Friends may provide diabetes-specific support to help youth manage diabetes, but evidence on whether youth benefit from diabetes-specific friend support is inconclusive. The present study first investigated whether satisfaction with friend support was linked to psychological distress and diabetes management. Second, it was investigated whether self-esteem mediated these relations. To this end, 324 Dutch-speaking emerging adults (17-28 years) with T1D completed questionnaires on diabetes-specific friend support, self-esteem, diabetes-specific distress, depressive symptoms, and self-care. HbA1c values were obtained from patients' physicians. Receiving diabetes-specific support from friends was associated with more diabetes-specific distress, but not for youth who were satisfied with the received support. Diabetes-specific friend support was not associated with other outcomes. Self-esteem did not mediate these relations. These results suggest that associations between diabetes-specific friend support and diabetes management are limited and that support satisfaction should be taken into consideration when examining the role of friend support for youth with T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Raymaekers
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, box 3717, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Flanders, Belgium.
| | | | - Sofie Prikken
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, box 3717, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Flanders, Belgium
| | | | - Philip Moons
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, box 3717, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Eva Goossens
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, box 3717, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Flanders, Belgium
- Center for Research and Innovation in Care (CRIC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Koen Luyckx
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, box 3717, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- UNIBS, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Choisay F, Fouquereau E, Chevalier S. Le capital psychologique : un construit d’intérêt majeur pour les psychologues du travail. PRAT PSYCHOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prps.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Schaap P, Koekemoer E. Determining the dimensionality and gender invariance of the MACE work-to-family enrichment scale using bifactor and approximate invariance tests. SA JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.4102/sajip.v47i0.1821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Tóth‐Király I, Morin AJ, Salmela‐Aro K. Reciprocal Associations between Burnout and Depression: An 8‐Year Longitudinal Study. APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/apps.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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