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Mavrakanas TA, Soomro QH, Charytan DM. Hydralazine-Isosorbide Dinitrate Use In Patients With End-Stage Kidney Disease On Dialysis. Kidney Int Rep 2022; 7:1332-1340. [PMID: 35685328 PMCID: PMC9171697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Bryniarski P, Nazimek K, Marcinkiewicz J. Immunomodulatory properties of antihypertensive drugs and digitalis glycosides. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2022; 20:111-121. [PMID: 35130796 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2022.2039627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The role of chronic inflammatory process in the pathogenesis or exacerbation of hypertension has been already acknowledged. AREAS COVERED Therefore, one can speculate that hypotensive drugs may exert some of their therapeutic effects due to immunomodulatory properties. So far, this assumption has been tested in different studies, and the resulting knowledge is summarized in the current review article that is dedicated to different groups of antihypertensives, namely calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, as well as other less commonly used medications, such as hydralazine, agonists of alfa-2 receptor, diazoxide, doxazosin, aliskiren, and sodium nitroprusside. Articles were found in the Pubmed database by entering the name of a specific drug (or group of drugs) together with the words: immunology, cellular response, humoral response, inflammation, interleukin. The 2000-2021 range was used to search for all drugs except propranolol (1980-2021) and calcium blockers (1990-2021). EXPERT OPINION Observed decrease in serum/plasma concentration of proinflammatory cytokines, and CRP along with lower expression of adhesion molecules on immune cells strongly suggest that these drugs possess immunomodulatory properties, which seems to be crucial in the medical practice, especially in the therapy of hypertensive patients with other accompanying inflammatory-based diseases, such as type II diabetes, developed metabolic syndrome, allergies or autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Bryniarski
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków Medical College Ringgold standard institution, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Nazimek
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków Medical College Ringgold standard institution, Krakow, Poland
| | - Janusz Marcinkiewicz
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków Medical College Ringgold standard institution, Krakow, Poland
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Sueiro-Benavides RA, Leiro-Vidal JM, Salas-Sánchez AÁ, Rodríguez-González JA, Ares-Pena FJ, López-Martín ME. Radiofrequency at 2.45 GHz increases toxicity, pro-inflammatory and pre-apoptotic activity caused by black carbon in the RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 765:142681. [PMID: 33071139 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Environmental factors such as air pollution by particles and/or electromagnetic fields (EMFs) are studied as harmful agents for human health. We analyzed whether the combined action of EMF with fine and coarse black carbon (BC) particles induced cell damage and inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 cell line macrophages exposed to 2.45 GHz in a gigahertz transverse electromagnetic (GTEM) chamber at sub-thermal specific absorption rate (SAR) levels. Radiofrequency (RF) dramatically increased BC-induced toxicity at high doses in the first 24 h and toxicity levels remained high 72 h later for all doses. The increase in macrophage phagocytosis induced after 24 h of RF and the high nitrite levels obtained by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin 24 and 72 h after radiation exposure suggests a prolongation of the innate and inflammatory immune response. The increase of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, after 24 h, and of interleukin-1β and caspase-3, after 72 h, indicated activation of the pro-inflammatory response and the apoptosis pathways through the combined effect of radiation and BC. Our results indicate that the interaction of BC and RF modifies macrophage immune response, activates apoptosis, and accelerates cell toxicity, by which it can activate the induction of hypersensitivity reactions and autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Ana Sueiro-Benavides
- Research Institute on Chemical and Biological Analysis, Dept. of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Jose Manuel Leiro-Vidal
- Research Institute on Chemical and Biological Analysis, Dept. of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Aarón Ángel Salas-Sánchez
- CRETUS Institute, Dept. Applied Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; ELEDIA@UniTN - DISI - University of Trento, 38123, Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy.
| | - J Antonio Rodríguez-González
- CRETUS Institute, Dept. Applied Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Ares-Pena
- CRETUS Institute, Dept. Applied Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - M Elena López-Martín
- CRETUS Institute, Dept. Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Malinowski Z, Fornal E, Sumara A, Kontek R, Bukowski K, Pasternak B, Sroczyński D, Kusz J, Małecka M, Nowak M. Amino- and polyaminophthalazin-1(2 H)-ones: synthesis, coordination properties, and biological activity. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:558-568. [PMID: 33727979 PMCID: PMC7934800 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino- and polyaminophthalazinones were synthesized by the palladium‐catalyzed amination (alkyl- and arylamines, polyamines) of 4-bromophthalazinones in good yields. The coordinating properties of selected aminophthalazinones towards Cu(II) ions were investigated and the participation of the nitrogen atoms in the complexation of the metal ion was shown. A biological screening of the potential cytotoxicity of selected synthesized compounds on HT-29 and PC-3 cell lines, as well as on the L-929 cell line, proved that some amino derivatives of phthalazinone show interesting anticancer activities. The detailed synthesis, spectroscopic data, and biological assays are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Malinowski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland
| | - Emilia Fornal
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agata Sumara
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Renata Kontek
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Karol Bukowski
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Beata Pasternak
- Laboratory of Molecular Spectroscopy, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland
| | - Dariusz Sroczyński
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland
| | - Joachim Kusz
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Magdalena Małecka
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Theoretical and Structural Chemistry Group, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163/165, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Monika Nowak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland
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Simijonović D, Vlachou EEN, Litinas KE, Petrović ZD, Petrović VP. Synthesis, structural characterization, and molecular docking study of new phthalhydrazide-coumarin hybrids. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Huang HC, Hsiao TS, Liao MH, Tsao CM, Shih CC, Wu CC. Low-dose hydralazine improves endotoxin-induced coagulopathy and multiple organ dysfunction via its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative/nitrosative properties. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 882:173279. [PMID: 32561290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Coagulopathy is the major cause of organ injury as well as a strong predictor of mortality in septic patients. Systemic inflammatory response and redox imbalance are regarded as the major causes of sepsis-induced coagulopathy. There is growing evidence that a vasodilator hydralazine has beneficial effects on heart failure, hypertension, and ischemia/reperfusion injury via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effects of hydralazine on sepsis have not been examined. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of low-dose hydralazine on coagulopathy and multiple organ dysfunction in septic rats induced by endotoxin. Sepsis-induced coagulopathy was established by intravenous injection of rats with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The changes of blood pressure, heart rate, blood glucose, hemostatic variables, prothrombin time, organ function indices, interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration, and nitric oxide (NO) level were assessed during the experimental period. In addition, the aortas, lungs, livers, and kidneys were dissected to analyze superoxide levels and protein expressions. LPS induced (i) coagulopathy, multiple organ dysfunction, and circulatory failure successfully, and (ii) excessive superoxide, NO, and IL-6 production, accompanied by the overexpression of iNOS and Wnt5a in animals. Treatment of LPS-induced septic rats with low-dose hydralazine not only improved coagulopathy but also ameliorated multiple organ dysfunction. These could be due to attenuation of the overproduction of superoxide, NO, and IL-6, which were attributed to reduction of the overexpression of iNOS and Wnt5a. Thus, these findings indicate that low-dose hydralazine could be a potential therapy for sepsis-induced coagulopathy and multiple organ dysfunction via its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative/nitrosative properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsieh-Chou Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsan-Seng Hsiao
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hui Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ming Tsao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chin Shih
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Chen Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Mehrabani M, Nematollahi MH, Tarzi ME, Juybari KB, Abolhassani M, Sharifi AM, Paseban H, Saravani M, Mirzamohammadi S. Protective effect of hydralazine on a cellular model of Parkinson’s disease: a possible role of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α. Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 98:405-414. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2019-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease accompanied by a low expression level of cerebral hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α). Hence, activating the hypoxia-signaling pathway may be a favorable therapeutic approach for curing PD. This study explored the efficacy of hydralazine, a well-known antihypertensive agent, for restoring the impaired HIF-1 signaling in PD, with the aid of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-exposed SH-SY5Y cells. The cytotoxicity of hydralazine and 6-OHDA on the SH-SY5Y cells were evaluated by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] and apoptosis detection assays. The activities of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide (NO), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also measured. Expression levels of HIF-1α and its downstream genes at the protein level were assessed by Western blotting. Hydralazine showed no toxic effects on SH-SY5Y cells, at the concentration of ≤50 μmol/L. Hydralazine decreased the levels of apoptosis, malondialdehyde, and NO, and increased the activities of FRAP and SOD in cells exposed to 6-OHDA. Furthermore, hydralazine up-regulated the protein expression levels of HIF-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor, tyrosine hydroxylase, and dopamine transporter in the cells also exposed to 6-OHDA, by comparison with the cells exposed to 6-OHDA alone. In summary, hydralazine priming could attenuate the deleterious effects of 6-OHDA on SH-SY5Y cells by increasing cellular antioxidant capacity, as well as the protein levels of HIF-1α and its downstream target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Mehrabani
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Nematollahi
- Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mojde Esmaeili Tarzi
- Cardiovascular research center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Kobra Bahrampour Juybari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Moslem Abolhassani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Sharifi
- Department of Pharmacology and Razi Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamze Paseban
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohsen Saravani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Boulebd H, Khodja IA, Bay MV, Hoa NT, Mechler A, Vo QV. Thermodynamic and Kinetic Studies of the Radical Scavenging Behavior of Hydralazine and Dihydralazine: Theoretical Insights. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:4123-4131. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c02439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Houssem Boulebd
- Laboratory of Synthesis of Molecules with Biological Interest, University of Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria 25017
| | - Imene Amine Khodja
- Laboratory of Synthesis of Molecules with Biological Interest, University of Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria 25017
| | - Mai Van Bay
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Da Nang—University of Science and Education, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Hoa
- Academic Affairs, The University of Da Nang—University of Technology and Education, 48 Cao Thang, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Adam Mechler
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Quan V. Vo
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemical Technology—Environment, The University of Da Nang—University of Technology and Education, 48 Cao Thang, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
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Boulebd H, Tam NM, Mechler A, Vo QV. Substitution effects on the antiradical activity of hydralazine: a DFT analysis. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03753b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant activity of hydralazine derivatives in the gas-phase and in physiological environments were examined by thermodynamic and kinetic calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssem Boulebd
- Laboratory of Synthesis of Molecules with Biological Interest
- University of Frères Mentouri Constantine 1
- Constantine
- Algeria
| | - Nguyen Minh Tam
- Computational Chemistry Research Group
- Ton Duc Thang University
- Ho Chi Minh City
- Vietnam
- Faculty of Applied Sciences
| | - Adam Mechler
- Department of Chemistry and Physics
- La Trobe University
- Victoria 3086
- Australia
| | - Quan V. Vo
- Institute of Research and Development
- Duy Tan University
- Danang 550000
- Vietnam
- The University of Danang-University of Technology and Education
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10
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Hydralazine improves ischemia-induced neovasculogenesis via xanthine-oxidase inhibition in chronic renal insufficiency. Pharmacol Res 2019; 151:104509. [PMID: 31678640 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is related to the progression of renal diseases and modulation of oxidative stress can lead to a reduction in vascular events in patients with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI). Indoxyl sulfate (IS) and xanthine oxidase (XO) are related to impaired neovasculogenesis in CRI. Hydralazine is suggested for blood pressure control in CRI. This study aimed to investigate whether hydralazine could improve ischemia-induced neovasculogenesis in CRI animals by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Mice underwent subtotal nephrectomy or sham surgery. Nitrendipine, probenecid, and allopurinol were used to reduce blood pressure, uric acid (UA), and XO activity levels, respectively, for comparison. Blood pressure, XO activity and UA levels that were increased after subtotal nephrectomy were reduced by hydralazine treatment. Allopurinol decreased blood XO activity and UA levels. Only hydralazine and allopurinol increased the number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and improved neovasculogenesis in CRI mice. IS activated XO mRNA and ROS and inhibited the functions of EPCs and endothelial cells, which could be reversed by hydralazine. However, no additional beneficial effects were observed when XO was inhibited with both hydralazine and siRNA. In conclusion, hydralazine, as a potential XO inhibitor, not only reduced blood pressure and UA levels but also increased the number of circulating EPCs and improved neovasculogenesis in CRI animals. Hydralazine directly inhibited IS-induced ROS and XO activation in EPCs and endothelial cells, and restored their functions in vitro. Future studies should evaluate whether hydralazine could provide additional vascular protection in patients with CRI.
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Design and synthesis of new phthalazine-based derivatives as potential EGFR inhibitors for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Bioorg Chem 2019; 85:293-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is responsible for approximately 15% of strokes annually in the United States, with nearly 1 in 3 of these patients dying without ever leaving the hospital. Because this disproportionate mortality risk has been stagnant for nearly 3 decades, a main area of research has been focused on the optimal strategies to reduce mortality and improve functional outcomes. The acute hypertensive response following ICH has been shown to facilitate ICH expansion and is a strong predictor of mortality. Rapidly reducing blood pressure was once thought to induce cerebral ischemia, though has been found to be safe in certain patient populations. Clinicians must work quickly to determine whether specific patient populations may benefit from acute lowering of systolic blood pressure (SBP) following ICH. This review provides nurses with a summary of the available literature on blood pressure control following ICH. It focuses on intravenous and oral antihypertensive medications available in the United States that may be utilized to acutely lower SBP, as well as medications outside of the antihypertensive class used during the acute setting that may reduce SBP.
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Iulita MF, Vallerand D, Beauvillier M, Haupert N, A Ulysse C, Gagné A, Vernoux N, Duchemin S, Boily M, Tremblay MÈ, Girouard H. Differential effect of angiotensin II and blood pressure on hippocampal inflammation in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:62. [PMID: 29490666 PMCID: PMC6389185 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1090-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angiotensin II (Ang II), a peptide hormone involved in the development of hypertension, causes systemic and cerebral inflammation, affecting brain regions important for blood pressure control. The cause-and-effect relationship between hypertension and inflammation is two-way, but the role of blood pressure in the induction of cerebral inflammation is less clear. The vulnerability of specific brain regions, particularly those important for memory, is also of interest. Methods We used molecular biology approaches, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy to examine the interdependence between the hypertensive and pro-inflammatory effects of Ang II. We examined the effect of blood pressure by administering a subpressive (200 ng/kg/min) or a pressive Ang II dose (1000 or 1900 ng/kg/min) with and without hydralazine (150 mg/L) for 1 week and used phenylephrine to increase blood pressure independently of the renin-angiotensin system. Results Ang II increased ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1) levels (marker of microgliosis) in the whole brain and in the hippocampus in a dose-dependent manner. Pressive Ang II induced specific changes in microglial morphology, indicating differences in functional phenotype. An increase in hippocampal glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was seen in mice receiving pressive Ang II, while no induction of cerebral gliosis was observed after 7 days of subpressive Ang II infusion. Although phenylephrine led to increased astrogliosis, it did not affect Iba-1 expression. Pressive Ang II stimulated TNF-α production in the hippocampus, and daily treatment with hydralazine prevented this increase. Hydralazine also reduced GFAP and Iba-1 levels. With longer perfusion (14 days), subpressive Ang II led to some but not all the inflammatory changes detected with the pressive doses, mainly an increase in CD68 and Iba-1 but not of GFAP or TNF-α. Conclusions Blood pressure and Ang II differentially contribute to hippocampal inflammation in mice. Control of blood pressure and Ang II levels should prevent or reduce brain inflammation and therefore brain dysfunctions associated with hypertension. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-018-1090-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Florencia Iulita
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, 2960 Chemin de la Tour, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada.,Groupe de recherche sur le système nerveux central (GRSNC), Université de Montréal, 2960 Chemin de la Tour, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Diane Vallerand
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Roger-Gaudry, 2900 Boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Mélissa Beauvillier
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Roger-Gaudry, 2900 Boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Nathalie Haupert
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Roger-Gaudry, 2900 Boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Corinne A Ulysse
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Roger-Gaudry, 2900 Boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Audrey Gagné
- Axe Neurosciences, CRCHU de Québec-Université Laval, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Nathalie Vernoux
- Axe Neurosciences, CRCHU de Québec-Université Laval, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Sonia Duchemin
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Roger-Gaudry, 2900 Boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Michaël Boily
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Roger-Gaudry, 2900 Boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, CRCHU de Québec-Université Laval, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, 1050, Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Hélène Girouard
- Groupe de recherche sur le système nerveux central (GRSNC), Université de Montréal, 2960 Chemin de la Tour, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Roger-Gaudry, 2900 Boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada. .,Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, 545 Queen Mary Rd, Montréal, Québec, H3W 1W6, Canada.
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Xu B, Bobek G, Makris A, Hennessy A. Antihypertensive methyldopa, labetalol, hydralazine, and clonidine reversed tumour necrosis factor-α inhibited endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in endothelial-trophoblast cellular networks. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 44:421-427. [PMID: 27998008 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Medications used to control hypertension in pregnancy also improve trophoblast and endothelial cellular interaction in vitro. Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibits trophoblast and endothelial cellular interactions and simultaneously decreases endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression. This study investigated whether antihypertensive medications improved these cellular interactions by modulating eNOS and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. Human uterine myometrial microvascular endothelial cells (UtMVECs) were pre-incubated with (or without) low dose TNF-α (0.5 ng/mL) or TNF-α plus soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) (100 ng/mL). The endothelial cells were cultured on Matrigel. After endothelial cellular networks appeared, trophoblast derived HTR-8/SVneo cells were co-cultured in the presence of clinically relevant doses of methyldopa, labetalol, hydralazine or clonidine for 24 hours. Cells were retrieved from the Matrigel to extract mRNA and eNOS and iNOS expression were examined by quantitative PCR. Methyldopa, labetalol, hydralazine and clonidine reversed the inhibitory effect of TNF-α on eNOS mRNA expression. After pre-incubating endothelial cells with TNF-α and sFlt-1, all the medications except methyldopa lost their effect on eNOS mRNA expression. In the absence of TNF-α, antihypertensive medications did not change eNOS expression. The mRNA expression of iNOS was not affected by TNF-α or any medications. This study shows that selected antihypertensive medications used in the treatment of hypertension in pregnancy increase eNOS expression in vitro when induced by the inflammatory TNF-α. The anti-angiogenic molecule sFlt-1 may antagonise the potential benefit of these medications by interfering with the NOS pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Xu
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Vascular Immunology Research Laboratory, The Heart Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gabriele Bobek
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Angela Makris
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Vascular Immunology Research Laboratory, The Heart Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Renal Unit, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Annemarie Hennessy
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Vascular Immunology Research Laboratory, The Heart Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Azab ME, Rizk SA, Mahmoud NF. Facile Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Novel Heterocycles, Schiff Bases, and N-Nucleosides Bearing Phthalazine Moiety. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2017; 64:439-50. [PMID: 27150476 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c15-01005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present work describes convenient synthesis of the novel Schiff bases 5a and b by reacting phthalazinones 4a and b with 4-methoxybenzaldehyde Reaction of the Schiff bases with phenylisothiocyanate afforded diazetidine derivatives 7a and b. Also, compounds 4a and b reacted with 2-bromoglucoside tetraacetate giving peracetylated N-glycosides 6a and b, which were deacetylated to afford N-glycosylated phthalazinones 8a and b. On the other hand, when compound 3 was treated with POCl3/PCl5 and/or ethyl chloroacetate, chlorophthalazine and ethyl acetate derivatives 9 and 10 were obtained, respectively. Hydrazinolysis of compounds 9 and 10 produced the hydrazino and hydrazide derivatives 11 and 12, respectively. When compound 11 reacted with 2-furanaldehyde, acetic anhydride, and/or carbon disulphide, it gave compounds 13-15, respectively. Treatment of the hydrazide 12 with aromatic aldehydes, acetic anhydride, ethyl acetoacetate, acetyl acetone, ammonium thiocyanate, and/or phthalic anhydride furnished compounds 17-21. Meanwhile, reacting Schiff base 22 with the chlorophthalazine derivative 9 produced compound 23, which on treatment with furoyl chloride produced compound 24. The structures of the novel compounds were confirmed by IR, (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, MS, and elemental analysis. The newly synthesized compounds were tested against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus as Gram-positive bacteria, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aurignosa as Gram-negative bacteria, and Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger as fungi strains. Compounds 5a and b, 23, and 24 showed greater antimicrobial activity than the stranded compounds, suggesting that they could be considered as promising antimicrobial agents.
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Sedigh-Ardekani M, Saadat M. Evaluation of chromosomal aberrations induced by hydralazine in Chinese hamster ovary cells. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Abstract
The origins of the hydralazine/isosorbide dinitrate (H+ISDN) combination therapy are rooted in the first large-scale clinical trial in heart failure: V-HeFT I. Initially utilized for the balanced vasodilatory properties of each drug, we now know there is "more to the story." In fact, the maintenance of the nitroso-redox balance may be the true mechanism of benefit. Since the publication of V-HeFT I 30 years ago, H+ISDN has been the subject of much discussion and debate. Regardless of the many controversies surrounding H+ISDN, one thing is clear: therapy is underutilized and many patients who could benefit never receive the drugs. Ongoing physician and patient education are mandatory to improve the rates of H+ISDN use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Cole
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University, 1365 Clifton Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Divya Gupta
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University, 1365 Clifton Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Javed Butler
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University, 1365 Clifton Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Ferdinand KC, Elkayam U, Mancini D, Ofili E, Piña I, Anand I, Feldman AM, McNamara D, Leggett C. Use of isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine in African-Americans with heart failure 9 years after the African-American Heart Failure Trial. Am J Cardiol 2014; 114:151-9. [PMID: 24846808 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The 2013 American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association guidelines recommend combined isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) and hydralazine to reduce mortality and morbidity for African-Americans with symptomatic heart failure (HF) and reduced ejection fraction, currently receiving optimal medical therapy (class I, level A). Nitrates can alleviate HF symptoms, but continuous use is limited by tolerance. Hydralazine may mitigate nitrate tolerance, and the ISDN-hydralazine combination in the Vasodilators in Heart Failure Trial (V-HeFT) I improved survival and exercise tolerance in men with dilated cardiomyopathy or HF with reduced ejection fraction, most notably in self-identified black participants. In the subsequent V-HeFT II, survival was greater with enalapril than with ISDN-hydralazine in the overall cohort, but mortality rate was similar in the enalapril and ISDN-hydralazine groups in the self-identified black patients. Consequently, in the African-American Heart Failure Trial (A-HeFT) in self-identified black patients with symptomatic HF, adding a fixed-dose combination ISDN-hydralazine to modern guideline-based care improved outcomes versus placebo, including all-cause mortality, and led to early trial termination. Hypertension underlies HF, especially in African-Americans; the A-HeFT and its substudies demonstrated not only improvements in echocardiographic parameters, morbidity, and mortality but also a decrease in hospitalizations, potentially affecting burgeoning HF health-care costs. Genetic characteristics may, therefore, determine response to ISDN-hydralazine, and the Genetic Risk Assessment in Heart Failure substudy demonstrated important hypothesis-generating pharmacogenetic data.
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Kim SJ, Shin HJ, Lee BJ, Kim DS, Lee JH, Jeong MY, Kim HL, Park J, Lim H, Kim SH, Hong SH, Hwang MW, Um JY. The Antiinflammatory Mechanism of Igongsan in Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages via Suppression of NF-κB/Caspase-1 Activation. Phytother Res 2013; 28:736-44. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Kim
- Department of Cosmeceutical Science; Daegu Hanny University; Yugok-dong Kyungsan 712-715 Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Shin
- College of Pharmacy; Wonkwang University; Iksan Jeonbuk 570-749 Korea
| | - Byung-Joo Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegi-Dong Dongdaemun-Gu Seoul 130-701 Korea
| | - Dae-Seung Kim
- College of Pharmacy; Wonkwang University; Iksan Jeonbuk 570-749 Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Lee
- College of Pharmacy; Dongduk Women's University; 23-1 Wolgok-dong Seongbuk-gu Seoul Korea
| | - Mi-Young Jeong
- College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegi-Dong Dongdaemun-Gu Seoul 130-701 Korea
| | - Hye-Lin Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegi-Dong Dongdaemun-Gu Seoul 130-701 Korea
| | - Jinbong Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegi-Dong Dongdaemun-Gu Seoul 130-701 Korea
| | - Hara Lim
- College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegi-Dong Dongdaemun-Gu Seoul 130-701 Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegi-Dong Dongdaemun-Gu Seoul 130-701 Korea
| | - Seung-Heon Hong
- College of Pharmacy; Wonkwang University; Iksan Jeonbuk 570-749 Korea
| | - Min-Woo Hwang
- College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegi-Dong Dongdaemun-Gu Seoul 130-701 Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegi-Dong Dongdaemun-Gu Seoul 130-701 Korea
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20
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Dulce RA, Yiginer O, Gonzalez DR, Goss G, Feng N, Zheng M, Hare JM. Hydralazine and organic nitrates restore impaired excitation-contraction coupling by reducing calcium leak associated with nitroso-redox imbalance. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:6522-33. [PMID: 23319593 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.412130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the combined use of hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate confers important clinical benefits in patients with heart failure, the underlying mechanism of action is still controversial. We used two models of nitroso-redox imbalance, neuronal NO synthase-deficient (NOS1(-/-)) mice and spontaneously hypertensive heart failure rats, to test the hypothesis that hydralazine (HYD) alone or in combination with nitroglycerin (NTG) or isosorbide dinitrate restores Ca(2+) cycling and contractile performance and controls superoxide production in isolated cardiomyocytes. The response to increased pacing frequency was depressed in NOS1(-/-) compared with wild type myocytes. Both sarcomere length shortening and intracellular Ca(2+) transient (Δ[Ca(2+)]i) responses in NOS1(-/-) cardiomyocytes were augmented by HYD in a dose-dependent manner. NTG alone did not affect myocyte shortening but reduced Δ[Ca(2+)]i across the range of pacing frequencies and increased myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity thereby enhancing contractile efficiency. Similar results were seen in failing myocytes from the heart failure rat model. HYD alone or in combination with NTG reduced sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) leak, improved SR Ca(2+) reuptake, and restored SR Ca(2+) content. HYD and NTG at low concentrations (1 μm), scavenged superoxide in isolated cardiomyocytes, whereas in cardiac homogenates, NTG inhibited xanthine oxidoreductase activity and scavenged NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide more efficiently than HYD. Together, these results revealed that by reducing SR Ca(2+) leak, HYD improves Ca(2+) cycling and contractility impaired by nitroso-redox imbalance, and NTG enhanced contractile efficiency, restoring cardiac excitation-contraction coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul A Dulce
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
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22
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Ha SK, Park HY, Eom H, Kim Y, Choi I. Narirutin fraction from citrus peels attenuates LPS-stimulated inflammatory response through inhibition of NF-κB and MAPKs activation. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3498-504. [PMID: 22813871 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the regulatory activity of narirutin fraction from citrus peels on the production of inflammatory mediators managing acute or chronic inflammatory diseases in macrophages. Narirutin fraction inhibited the release, by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages, of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) through suppressing the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), respectively. The release, by LPS stimulated macrophages, of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was also reduced by narirutin fraction in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, narirutin fraction inhibited the LPS-mediated activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), which are signaling molecules involved in production of pro-inflammatory factors. As a result of these properties, narirutin fraction has the potential to be used as a functional dietary supplement and effective anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Keun Ha
- Functional Materials Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi 463-746, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is recognized as one of the most important cardiovascular signaling molecules, with multiple regulatory effects on myocardial and vascular tissue as well as on other tissues and organ systems. With the growth in understanding of the range and mechanisms of NO effects on the cardiovascular system, it is now possible to consider pharmaceutical interventions that directly target NO or key steps in NO effector pathways. This article reviews aspects of the cardiovascular effects of NO, abnormalities in NO regulation in heart failure, and clinical trials of drugs that target specific aspects of NO signaling pathways.
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Kim MC, Kim DS, Kim SJ, Park J, Kim HL, Kim SY, Ahn KS, Jang HJ, Lee SG, Lee KM, Hong SH, Um JY. Eucommiae Cortex Inhibits TNF-α and IL-6 Through the Suppression of Caspase-1 in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 40:135-49. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x12500115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Eucommiae cortex (EC) is used in various traditional Korean medicines in the form of tonics, analgesics, and sedatives. However, the underlying mechanism of its anti-inflammatory effect remains unclear. This study attempts to determine the effects of EC on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in mouse peritoneal macrophages. The findings of the study show that EC inhibits the LPS-induced production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6. Exposure to EC also reduces an inflammation-induced increase in the levels of cyclooxigenase-2 and the production of prostaglandin E 2 and nitric oxide in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Furthermore, EC suppresses the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B and caspase-1. These results provide novel insights into the pharmacological action of EC and indicate that EC has a potential in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Cheol Kim
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Seung Kim
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Kim
- Department of Cosmeceutical Science, Daegu Haany University, Kyungsan 712-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinbong Park
- College of Oriental Medicine, Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Lin Kim
- College of Oriental Medicine, Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Young Kim
- College of Oriental Medicine, Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- College of Oriental Medicine, Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeung-Jin Jang
- College of Oriental Medicine, Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Geun Lee
- College of Oriental Medicine, Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Min Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Heon Hong
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- College of Oriental Medicine, Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim SJ, Kim JS, Choi IY, Kim DH, Kim MC, An HJ, Na HJ, Kim NH, Moon PD, Myung NY, Lee JY, Jeong HJ, Um JY, Shin TY, Kim HM, Hong SH. Anti-Inflammatory Activity ofSchizonepeta tenuifoliathrough the Inhibition of MAPK Phosphorylation in Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 36:1145-58. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x0800648x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Schizonepeta tenuifolia (ST) is a well-known herb to treat the cold and its associated headache. However, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of ST in mouse peritoneal macrophages is not clear. In this study, we demonstrated that ST inhibited lipopolysaccaride (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 production. The maximal inhibition rate of TNF-α and IL-6 production by ST (2 mg/ml) was 48.01 ± 2.8% and 56.45 ± 2.8%, respectively. During the inflammatory process, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were increased in mouse peritoneal macrophages. However, treated with ST decreased the protein level of COX-2 and iNOS, as well as the production of PGE2and NO in LPS-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages. In addition, ST inhibited the phosphorylation of MAPK. Taken together, the results of this study suggest an important molecular mechanism by which ST reduces inflammation, which may explain its beneficial effect in the regulation of inflammatory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea
- College of Oriental Medicine, Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Sun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Young Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Cheol Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin An
- College of Oriental Medicine, Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jeong Na
- College of Oriental Medicine, Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Hyung Kim
- College of Oriental Medicine, Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Phil-Dong Moon
- Oriental Medical Science Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Noh-Yil Myung
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Lee
- Department of Herb Science, ShinSung College, Chungnam 343-861, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ja Jeong
- Biochip Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam, 336-795, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- College of Oriental Medicine, Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Yong Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Kim
- College of Oriental Medicine, Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Heon Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea
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Kim SJ, Um JY, Hong SH, Lee JY. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Hyperoside Through the Suppression of Nuclear Factor-κB Activation in Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 39:171-81. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x11008737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Hyperoside (quercetin-3-O-galactoside) is a flavonoid compound mainly found in the herb plants Hypericum perforatum L and Crataegus pinnatifida. Although hyperoside has a variety of pharmacological effects including anti-viral, anti-oxidative, and anti-apoptotic activities, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of hyperoside in mouse peritoneal macrophages remains unclear. In this study, hyperoside was shown to exert an anti-inflammatory action through suppressed production of tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6, and nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages. The maximal inhibition rate of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and nitric oxide production by 5 μM hyperoside was 32.31 ± 2.8%, 41.31 ± 3.1%, and 30.31 ± 4.1%, respectively. In addition, hyperoside inhibited nuclear factor-κB activation and IκB-α degradation. The present study suggests that an important molecular mechanism by hyperoside reduces inflammation, which might explain its beneficial effect in the regulation of inflammatory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Kim
- College of Oriental Medicine, Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- College of Oriental Medicine, Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Heon Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Won Kwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Lee
- Department of Herb Science, Shinsung College, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
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Kim SJ, Chung WS, Kim SS, Ko SG, Um JY. Antiinflammatory Effect of Oldenlandia diffusa
and its Constituent, Hentriacontane, through Suppression of Caspase-1 Activation in Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages. Phytother Res 2011; 25:1537-46. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Oriental Medicine; Institute of Oriental Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Seok Chung
- Department of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine; College of Oriental Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Kim
- Department of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine; College of Oriental Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Department of Preventive Medicine; College of Oriental Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Dongdaemun-Gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Oriental Medicine; Institute of Oriental Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
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Nediani C, Raimondi L, Borchi E, Cerbai E. Nitric oxide/reactive oxygen species generation and nitroso/redox imbalance in heart failure: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic implications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 14:289-331. [PMID: 20624031 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adaptation of the heart to intrinsic and external stress involves complex modifications at the molecular and cellular levels that lead to tissue remodeling, functional and metabolic alterations, and finally to failure depending upon the nature, intensity, and chronicity of the stress. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have long been considered as merely harmful entities, but their role as second messengers has gradually emerged. At the same time, our comprehension of the multifaceted role of nitric oxide (NO) and the related reactive nitrogen species (RNS) has been upgraded. The tight interlay between ROS and RNS suggests that their imbalance may implicate the impairment in physiological NO/redox-based signaling that contributes to the failing of the cardiovascular system. This review initially provides basic concepts on the role of nitroso/oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of heart failure with a particular focus on sources of ROS/RNS, their downstream targets, and endogenous modulators. Then, the role of NO/redox regulation of cardiomyocyte function, including calcium homeostasis, electrogenesis, and insulin signaling pathways, is described. Finally, an overview of old and emerging therapeutic opportunities in heart failure is presented, focusing on modulation of NO/redox mechanisms and discussing benefits and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Nediani
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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Maheshwari M, Roberts JK, DeSutter B, Duong K, Tingling J, Fawver JN, Schall HE, Kahle M, Murray IV. Hydralazine modifies Aβ fibril formation and prevents modification by lipids in vitro. Biochemistry 2010; 49:10371-80. [PMID: 21058733 PMCID: PMC3033120 DOI: 10.1021/bi101249p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lipid oxidative damage and amyloid β (Aβ) misfolding contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Thus, the prevention of oxidative damage and Aβ misfolding are attractive targets for drug discovery. At present, no AD drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) prevent or halt disease progression. Hydralazine, a smooth muscle relaxant, is a potential drug candidate for AD drug therapy as it reduces Aβ production and prevents oxidative damage via its antioxidant hydrazide group. We evaluated the efficacy of hydralazine, and related hydrazides, in reducing (1) Aβ misfolding and (2) Aβ protein modification by the reactive lipid 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) using transmission electron microscopy and Western blotting. While hydralazine did not prevent Aβ aggregation as measured using the protease protection assay, there were more oligomeric species observed by electron microscopy. Hydralazine prevented lipid modification of Aβ, and Aβ was used as a proxy for classes of proteins which either misfold or are modified by HNE. All of the other hydrazides prevented lipid modification of Aβ and also did not prevent Aβ aggregation. Surprisingly, a few of the compounds, carbazochrome and niclosamide, appeared to augment Aβ formation. Thus, hydrazides reduced lipid oxidative damage, and hydralazine additionally reduced Aβ misfolding. While hydralazine would require specific chemical modifications for use as an AD therapeutic itself (to improve blood brain barrier permeability, reduce vasoactive side effects, and optimization for amyloid inhibition), this study suggests its potential merit for further AD drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ian V.J. Murray
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 142E Reynolds Medical Building, College Station Texas. 77843-1114. Telephone: (979) 458-4355. Fax: 979 845-0790.
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Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of 2-substituted [4-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl methyl)] phthalazin-1(2H)-one derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:4983-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2010] [Revised: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Imad S, Nisar S, Maqsood ZT. A study of redox properties of hydralazine hydrochloride, an antihypertensive drug. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2010.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zheng J, Bizzozero OA. Traditional reactive carbonyl scavengers do not prevent the carbonylation of brain proteins induced by acute glutathione depletion. Free Radic Res 2010; 44:258-66. [PMID: 20001647 DOI: 10.3109/10715760903456092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of reactive carbonyl species (RCS)-trapping agents on the formation of protein carbonyls during depletion of brain glutathione (GSH). To this end, rat brain slices were incubated with the GSH-depletor diethyl maleate in the absence or presence of chemically different RCS scavengers (hydralazine, methoxylamine, aminoguanidine, pyridoxamine, carnosine, taurine and z-histidine hydrazide). Despite their strong reactivity towards the most common RCS, none of the scavengers tested, with the exception of hydralazine, prevented protein carbonylation. These findings suggest that the majority of protein-associated carbonyl groups in this oxidative stress paradigm do not derive from stable lipid peroxidation products like malondialdehyde (MDA), acrolein and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). This conclusion was confirmed by the observation that the amount of MDA-, acrolein- and 4-HNE-protein adducts does not increase upon GSH depletion. Additional studies revealed that the efficacy of hydralazine at preventing carbonylation was due to its ability to reduce oxidative stress, most likely by inhibiting mitochondrial production of superoxide and/or by scavenging lipid free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zheng
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico - Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, USA
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Theoretical study of the interactions of β-cyclodextrin with 2′-hydroxyl-5′-methoxyacetophone and two of its isomers. J Mol Liq 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2009.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Fan SH, Zhang ZF, Zheng YL, Lu J, Wu DM, Shan Q, Hu B, Wang YY. Troxerutin protects the mouse kidney from d-galactose-caused injury through anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation. Int Immunopharmacol 2008; 9:91-6. [PMID: 19000936 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2008.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2008] [Revised: 10/09/2008] [Accepted: 10/09/2008] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of troxerutin against D-galactose (D-gal)-induced renal injury in mice. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained sections of kidneys revealed D-gal could cause renal injury and troxerutin could significantly attenuate the injury. We further investigated the mechanisms involved in the protective effects of troxerutin on mouse kidney. The following antioxidant defense enzymes were measured: cytosolic Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD-1), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). The content of the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) was also analyzed. In D-gal-treated mice, antioxidant enzymes activities were significantly decreased and the level of MDA was significantly higher than those in the vehicle controls. Our results indicated that the protective effect of troxerutin against D-gal induced renal injury might be caused, at least in part, by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes with a reduction in lipid peroxidation product. Furthermore, we also examined the inflammatory signal mediators of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostanoid receptor subtype EP2 by Western blot. After treatment with D-gal, the NF-kappaB p65, iNOS, COX-2 and EP2 were markedly upregulated. Upon co-treatment with the troxerutin, however, the expressions of the NF-kappaB p65, iNOS, COX-2 and EP2 markedly reduced, compared to D-gal treatment alone. These results indicated that troxerutin has significantly inhibitory effects on the NF-kappaB-mediated inflammatory response. These findings suggest troxerutin could attenuate renal injury induced by D-gal probably through its antioxidant and anti-inflammation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Hua Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Xuzhou Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, PR China
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Hydralazine reduces leukocyte migration through different mechanisms in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 589:206-14. [PMID: 18554582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2007] [Revised: 04/14/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In addition to reducing blood pressure, hydralazine can reduce the production of inflammatory cytokines and reduce the expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules. Differences in leukocyte behavior and leukocyte adhesion molecule expression in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) compared to normotensive rats have been reported. However, whether hydralazine can reduce leukocyte migration in vivo in hypertension and in normotension remains unknown. To address this question, male SHR and Wistar rats were treated for 15 days with hydralazine at a dose of ~3.5 mg/kg or ~14 mg/kg in their drinking water. The numbers of rollers and adherent and migrated cells were determined by direct vital microscopy, and blood pressure was assessed by tail plethysmography. In addition, following treatment with the higher dose, immunohistochemistry was used to measure the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), P-selectin, and platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) in endothelial cells, while flow cytometry was used to evaluate the expression of leukocyte CD18 and L-selectin. Hydralazine reduced leukocyte adherence and migration in SHR either at the higher, that reduced blood pressure levels, or lower dose, which did not reduce it. Reduced ICAM-1 expression might be involved in the reduced migration observed in SHR. In Wistar rats, only at the higher dose hydralazine reduced blood pressure levels and leukocyte migration. Reduced P-selectin expression might be involved. We therefore conclude that hydralazine reduces leukocyte migration by different mechanisms in SHR and Wistar rats, specifically by reducing ICAM-1 expression in the former and P-selectin expression in the latter.
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An HJ, Jeong HJ, Um JY, Park YJ, Park RK, Kim EC, Na HJ, Shin TY, Kim HM, Hong SH. Fructus Ligustrum lucidi inhibits inflammatory mediator release through inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB in mouse peritoneal macrophages. J Pharm Pharmacol 2008; 59:1279-85. [PMID: 17883900 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.59.9.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Fructus Ligustrum lucidi (FLL) is a widely used herbal medicine for the treatment of a variety of pathologies. We have investigated the anti-inflammatory mechanism of FLL in mouse peritoneal macrophages. FLL exerted an anti-inflammatory action through inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production in mouse peritoneal macrophages. The maximal inhibition rate of TNF-alpha production by FLL (0.5 mg mL(-1)) was 60.88 +/- 0.30%. In the inflammatory process, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) increased in peritoneal macrophages. FLL decreased the protein level of NO and PGE(2) in LPS-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages. In addition, FLL inhibited nuclear factor-kappaB activation and IkappaB-alpha degradation by the decrease in IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation. Our study suggested that FLL reduced inflammation via an important molecular mechanism, which might explain its beneficial effect in the regulation of inflammatory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jin An
- College of Oriental Medicine, Institute of Oriental Medicine, Oriental Medical Science Center, Kyung Hee University, 1-Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Elewa HF, Kozak A, Johnson MH, Ergul A, Fagan SC. Blood pressure lowering after experimental cerebral ischemia provides neurovascular protection. J Hypertens 2007; 25:855-9. [PMID: 17351379 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e3280149708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that acutely elevated blood pressure (BP) after stroke is associated with increased cerebral hemorrhage and edema. Previous experiments in our laboratory have shown that candesartan 1 mg/kg administered after reperfusion in a model of hypertension after experimental ischemic stroke reduces neurovascular damage and improves outcome. These results could be either mediated by BP lowering or a BP-independent cerebrovascular protective effect. OBJECTIVES To determine the contribution of BP lowering to the neurovascular protection previously reported with candesartan after stroke. METHODS Male Wistar rats (280-305 g) underwent 3 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). At reperfusion, either hydralazine 1 mg/kg (n = 8), enalapril 5 mg/kg (n = 7) or enalapril 10 mg/kg (n = 8) were administered intravenously. BP was measured by telemetry for 2 days before and 24 h after MCAO. After neurological function was assessed, brain tissue was processed for infarct size and hemoglobin content analyses. RESULTS Mean arterial pressure (MAP) increased from 92 to 124 mmHg immediately upon MCAO and decreased to 112 mmHg after reperfusion, remaining elevated for 24 h (P < 0.0001) in the saline group. Hydralazine reduced MAP (P = 0.048) and infarct size (53 versus 30%, P = 0.0083), and there was a trend towards decreased hemoglobin content. Enalapril 5 mg/kg did not significantly change MAP or other outcomes. Enalapril 10 mg/kg reduced MAP (P < 0.0001) and infarct size (53 versus 29%, P = 0.003). There was an intermediate effect on both hemoglobin content and neurological function, neither one was significant. The time course of BP lowering varied with each treatment. CONCLUSION Acute BP lowering after reperfusion in acute ischemic stroke is an effective strategy to achieve neurovascular protection. The rate, extent and mechanism of BP lowering may determine the magnitude of protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem F Elewa
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta 30912-2450, USA
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Zhang X, Hung TM, Phuong PT, Ngoc TM, Min BS, Song KS, Seong YH, Bae K. Anti-inflammatory activity of flavonoids from Populus davidiana. Arch Pharm Res 2007; 29:1102-8. [PMID: 17225458 DOI: 10.1007/bf02969299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An in vitro bioassay-guide revealed that the methanol (MeOH) extract of the stem bark of Populus davidiana showed considerable inhibitory activity against cyclooxygenase (COX-1, COX-2). Continuous phytochemical study of the MeOH extract of this plant led to the isolation of ten flavonoids; sakuranetin (1), rhamnocitrin (2), 7-O-methylaromadendrin (3), naringenin (4), eriodictyol (5), aromadendrin (6), kaempferol (7), neosakuranin (8), sakuranin (9) and sakurenetin-5,4'-di-beta-D-glucopyranoside (10). Their structures were identified on the basis of their physicochemical and spectroscopic analyses. The isolated compounds, 1-10, were tested for their inhibitory activities against COX-1 and COX-2. Compound 7 was found to have potent inhibitory effect on COX-1 and a moderate effect on COX-2, meanwhile, compounds 1-6 showed moderate inhibition against COX-1 only. Moreover, compounds 5-8 exhibited suppressive effects on xanthine oxidase (XO). These results may explain, in part, the traditional uses of P. davidiana in ethnomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- XinFeng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
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Daiber A, Oelze M, Coldewey M, Kaiser K, Huth C, Schildknecht S, Bachschmid M, Nazirisadeh Y, Ullrich V, Mülsch A, Münzel T, Tsilimingas N. Hydralazine is a powerful inhibitor of peroxynitrite formation as a possible explanation for its beneficial effects on prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 338:1865-74. [PMID: 16289107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.10.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2005] [Accepted: 10/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The hemodynamic and anti-ischemic effects of nitroglycerin (GTN) are rapidly blunted as a result of the development of nitrate tolerance. Hydralazine has been shown to prevent tolerance in experimental and clinical studies, all of which may be at least in part secondary to antioxidant properties of this compound. The antioxidant effects of hydralazine were tested in cell free systems, cultured smooth muscle cells, isolated mitochondria, and isolated vessels. Inhibitory effects on the formation of superoxide and/or peroxynitrite formation were tested using lucigenin and L-012 enhanced chemiluminescence as well as DHE-fluorescence. The peroxynitrite scavenging properties were also assessed by inhibition of nitration of phenol. Prevention of impairment of NO downstream signaling and GTN bioactivation was determined by measurement of P-VASP (surrogate parameter for the activity of the cGMP-dependent kinase-I, cGK-I) and mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH-2) activity. Hydralazine dose-dependently decreased the chemiluminescence signal induced by peroxynitrite from SIN-1 and by superoxide from HX/XO in a cell free system, by superoxide in smooth muscle cells and mitochondria acutely challenged with GTN. Moreover, hydralazine inhibited the peroxynitrite-mediated nitration of phenols as well as proteins in smooth muscle cells in a dose-dependent fashion. Finally, hydralazine normalized impaired cGK-I activity as well as impaired vascular ALDH-2 activity. Our results indicate that hydralazine is a highly potent radical scavenger. Thus, the combination with isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) will favorably influence the nitroso-redox balance in the cardiovascular system in patients with congestive heart failure and may explain at least in part the improvement of prognosis in patients with chronic congestive heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Daiber
- Klinikum der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Labor für Molekulare Kardiologie, 55101 Mainz, Germany.
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Daiber A, Mülsch A, Hink U, Mollnau H, Warnholtz A, Oelze M, Münzel T. The oxidative stress concept of nitrate tolerance and the antioxidant properties of hydralazine. Am J Cardiol 2005; 96:25i-36i. [PMID: 16226933 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The hemodynamic and anti-ischemic effects of nitroglycerin (NTG) are rapidly blunted as a result of the development of nitrate tolerance. With initiation of NTG therapy, it is possible to detect neurohormonal activation and intravascular volume expansion. These so-called pseudotolerance mechanisms may compromise the vasodilatory effects of NTG. Long-term nitrate treatment also is associated with decreased vascular responsiveness caused by changes in intrinsic mechanisms of the tolerant vasculature itself. According to the oxidative stress concept, increased vascular superoxide (O2-) production and an increased sensitivity to vasoconstrictors secondary to activation of protein kinase C contribute to the development of tolerance. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and the uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase may be O2- -producing enzymes. Nitric oxide (NO) and O2-, both derived from NTG and the vessel wall, form peroxynitrite in a diffusion-limited rapid reaction. Peroxynitrite, O2-, or both may be responsible for the development of nitrate tolerance and cross-tolerance to direct NO donors (eg, sodium nitroprusside, sydnonimines) and endothelium-dependent NO synthase-activating vasodilators. Hydralazine is an efficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger and an inhibitor of O2- generation. When given concomitantly with NTG, hydralazine prevents the development of nitrate tolerance and normalizes endogenous rates of vascular O2- production. Recent experimental work has defined new tolerance mechanisms, including inhibition of the enzyme that bioactivates NTG (ie, mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase isoform 2 [ALDH2]) and mitochondria as potential sources of ROS. NTG-induced ROS inhibit the bioactivation of NTG by ALDH2. Both mechanisms increase oxidative stress and impair NTG bioactivation, and now converge at the level of ALDH2 to support a new theory for NTG tolerance and NTG-induced endothelial dysfunction. The consequences of these processes for NTG downstream targets (eg, soluble guanylyl cyclase, cyclic guanosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase), toxic effects contributing to endothelial dysfunction (eg, prostacyclin synthase inhibition) and novel applications of the antioxidant properties of hydralazine are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Daiber
- The 2nd Medical Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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Vidrio H, González-Romo P, Alvarez E, Alcaide C, Orallo F. Hydralazine decreases sodium nitroprusside-induced rat aortic ring relaxation and increased cGMP production by rat aortic myocytes. Life Sci 2005; 77:3105-16. [PMID: 15985267 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2005] [Accepted: 03/22/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Association of hydralazine with nitrova-sodilators has long been known to be beneficial in the vasodilator treatment of heart failure. We previously found that hydralazine appeared to reduce the increase in cGMP induced by sodium nitroprusside in cultured rat aortic myocytes. In order to further explore this seemingly paradoxical interaction, we extended our initial observations in rat aortic myocytes and also determined the influence of hydralazine on sodium nitroprusside-induced relaxation of rat aortic rings. Hydralazine produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of sodium nitroprusside stimulation of cGMP production and caused a rightward shift of concentration-relaxation curves in aortic rings. A possible mechanism of the hydralazine-nitroprusside interaction could be the interference with bioactivation of the nitro-vasodilator to release nitric oxide. Recent evidence indicates that vascular NADH oxidase, an enzyme known to be inhibited by hydralazine, could be involved in this process. Accordingly, hydralazine was found to inhibit NADH oxidase activity in rat aortic myocytes at concentrations similar to those reducing sodium nitroprusside responses. It was concluded that antagonism of sodium nitroprusside action by hydralazine could be a consequence of interference with bioactivation of the former, apparently through inhibition of vascular NADH oxidase.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/cytology
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic GMP/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Hydralazine/chemistry
- Hydralazine/pharmacology
- Male
- Multienzyme Complexes/antagonists & inhibitors
- Multienzyme Complexes/metabolism
- Muscle Relaxation/drug effects
- Muscle Relaxation/physiology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/antagonists & inhibitors
- NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Nitroprusside/chemistry
- Nitroprusside/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Vasodilation/drug effects
- Vasodilator Agents/chemistry
- Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Horacio Vidrio
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70297, 04510 Mexico, D.F., México.
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Cho HY, Cho CW, Song YS. Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Saururus chinensis Methanol Extract in RAW 264.7 Macrophages. J Med Food 2005; 8:190-7. [PMID: 16117611 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2005.8.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products are known to be sources of bioactive components exerting antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. We evaluated the suppressive effects of the methanol extract (0-45 microg/mL) of the aerial parts of Saururus chinensis (Lour.) Baill (Saururaceae) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production and oxidative stress buildup in the RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. Treatment of RAW 264.7 cells with S. chinensis methanol extract (SME) significantly reduced LPS-stimulated NO production in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment with SME reduced thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances accumulation and enhanced glutathione levels and activities of antioxidative enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase, in LPS-stimulated macrophages compared with LPS-only treated cells. Expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) mRNA was also suppressed in SMEtreated cells. The specific DNA binding activities of nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) on nuclear extracts from SME-treated cells were significantly suppressed. These results suggest that SME has antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities by enhancing antioxidative defense systems and suppressing NO production via the down-regulation of iNOS expression and NFkappaB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Yeon Cho
- School of Food and Life Science, Biohealth Products Research Center and Food Science Institute, Korea
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