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Solanki R, Patel S. Evodiamine and its nano-based approaches for enhanced cancer therapy: recent advances and challenges. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 38821861 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Evodiamine is a bioactive alkaloid extracted from the Evodia rutaecarpa plant. It has various pharmacological effects including anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-obesity, anti-neurodegenerative, anti-depressant, and cardiac protective properties. Evodiamine demonstrates potent anti-cancer activity by inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Despite the health-promoting properties of evodiamine, its clinical use is hindered by low water solubility, poor bioavailability, and toxicity. Thus, there is a need to develop alternative drug delivery systems for evodiamine to enhance its solubility, permeability, and stability, as well as to facilitate targeted, prolonged, and controlled drug release. Nanocarriers can increase the therapeutic potential of evodiamine in cancer therapy while reducing adverse side effects. To date, numerous attempts have been made through the development of smart nanocarriers to overcome the drawbacks of evodiamine. This review focuses on the pharmacological applications, anti-cancer mechanisms, and limitations of evodiamine. Various nanocarriers, including lipid-based nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, cyclodextrins, and so forth, have been discussed extensively for evodiamine delivery. Nano-drug delivery systems could increase the solubility, bioavailability, stability, and therapeutic efficacy of evodiamine. This review aims to present a comprehensive and critical evaluation of several nano-formulations of evodiamine for cancer therapy. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Solanki
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Sunita Patel
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
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Chen L, Hu Y, Ye Z, Li L, Qian H, Wu M, Qin K, Li N, Wen X, Pan T, Ye Q. Major Indole Alkaloids in Evodia Rutaecarpa: The Latest Insights and Review of Their Impact on Gastrointestinal Diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115495. [PMID: 37741256 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Evodia rutaecarpa, the near-ripe fruit of Euodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth, Euodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. var. officinalis (Dode) Huang, or Euodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. var. bodinieri (Dode) Huang, is a famous herbal medicine with several biological activities and therapeutic values, which has been applied for abdominalgia, abdominal distension, vomiting, and diarrhea as a complementary and alternative therapy in clinic. Indole alkaloids, particularly evodiamine (EVO), rutaecarpine (RUT), and dedhydroevodiamine (DHE), are received rising attention as the major bioactivity compounds in Evodia rutaecarpa. Therefore, this review summarizes the physicochemical properties, pharmacological activities, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic effects on gastrointestinal diseases of these three indole alkaloids with original literature collected by PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, and CNKI up to June 2023. Despite sharing the same parent nucleus, EVO, RUT, and DHE have different structural and chemical properties, which result in different advantages of biological effects. In their wide range of pharmacological activities, the anti-migratory activity of RUT is less effective than that of EVO, and the neuroprotection of DHE is significant. Additionally, although DHE has a higher bioavailability, EVO and RUT display better permeabilities within blood-brain barrier. These three indole alkaloids can alleviate gastrointestinal inflammatory in particular, and EVO also has outstanding anti-cancer effect, although clinical trials are still required to further support their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liulin Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yu Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Zhen Ye
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Linzhen Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Huanzhu Qian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Mingquan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Province Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kaihua Qin
- Health Preservation and Rehabilitation College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Nan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xudong Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chengdu Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Tao Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chengdu Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu 610059, China.
| | - Qiaobo Ye
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Solanki R, Jangid AK, Jadav M, Kulhari H, Patel S. Folate Functionalized and Evodiamine-Loaded Pluronic Nanomicelles for Augmented Cervical Cancer Cell Killing. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300077. [PMID: 37163974 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Evodiamine (Evo) is a natural, biologically active plant alkaloid with wide range of pharmacological activities. In the present study Evo-loaded folate-conjugated Pluronic F108 nano-micelles (ENM) is synthesized to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of Evo against cervical cancer. ENM are synthesized, physicochemically characterized and in vitro anticancer activity is performed. The study demonstrates that ENM have nanoscale size (50.33 ± 3.09 nm), monodispersity of 0.122 ± 0.072, with high drug encapsulation efficiency (71.30 ± 3.76%) and controlled drug release at the tumor microenvironment. ENM showed dose-dependent and time-dependent cytotoxicity against HeLa human cervical cancer cells. The results of in vitro anticancer studies demonstrated that ENM have significant anticancer effects and greatly induce apoptosis as compared to pure Evo. The cellular uptake study suggests that increased anticancer activity of ENM is due to the improved intracellular delivery of Evo through overexpressed folate receptors. Overall, the designed ENM can be a potential targeted delivery system for hydrophobic anticancer bioactive compound like Evo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Solanki
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, 382030, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Jangid
- School of Nano Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, 382030, India
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dongguk University, 30, Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, South Korea
| | - Mahima Jadav
- School of Nano Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, 382030, India
| | - Hitesh Kulhari
- School of Nano Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, 382030, India
| | - Sunita Patel
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, 382030, India
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Liu J, Gao T, Zhou B, Xu X, Zhai X, Yao Q, Chen X, Liu L, Cui W, Wu X. Fast green FCF prevents postoperative cognitive dysfunction via the downregulation of the P2X4 receptor in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110462. [PMID: 37301120 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a decline in cognitive function affecting the mental health of aged patients after surgery. The pathological mechanisms underlying POCD have not yet been clarified. The overexpression of the P2X4 receptor in the central nervous system (CNS) was reported to be associated with the onset of POCD. Fast green FCF (FGF), a widely used food dye, could decrease the expression of the P2X4 receptor in the CNS. This study aimed to explore whether FGF could prevent POCD via the down-regulation of CNS P2X4 receptor. Exploratory laparotomy under the anesthesia of fentanyl and droperidol was carried to establish an animal model of POCD in 10-12-months-olds mice. FGF significantly attenuated cognitive impairments and down-regulated the expression of the P2X4 receptor induced by surgery in mice. Moreover, the blockade of CNS P2X4 receptor by intrahippocampal injection of 5-BDBD induced cognitive-enhancing effects on POCD mice. In addition, the effects of FGF were abolished by ivermectin, which is a positive allosteric modulator of the P2X4 receptor. FGF also inhibited M1 polarization of microglia cells, decreased the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These results suggested that FGF produced anti-POCD cognitive-enhancing effects via down-regulation of the P2X4 receptor-associated neuroinflammation, providing a support that FGF might be a potential treatment for POCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Tao Gao
- University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Qinghuan Yao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Ningbo Women & Children's Hospital, Ningbo 315012, China
| | - Wei Cui
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China; Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China
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Zha Y, Yang Y, Zhou Y, Ye B, Li H, Liang J. Dietary Evodiamine Inhibits Atherosclerosis-Associated Changes in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076653. [PMID: 37047626 PMCID: PMC10094780 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth is a traditional Chinese medicine. The active ingredient, evodiamine, is a quinolone alkaloid and is found in Evodiae fructus. We investigated the effect of evodiamine on atherosclerosis using LDLR−/− mice fed on a high-fat diet and ox-LDL-induced MOVAS cell lines to construct mouse models and cell-line models. We report a significant reduction in atherosclerotic plaque formation in mice exposed to evodiamine. Our mechanistic studies have revealled that evodiamine can regulate the proliferation, migration, and inflammatory response of and oxidative stress in vascular smooth muscle cells by inhibiting the activation of the PI3K/Akt axis, thus inhibiting the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. In conclusion, our findings reveal a role for evodiamine in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis, highlighting a potential future role for the compound as an anti-atherosclerotic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Zha
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Yongqi Yang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Bingqian Ye
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Jingyan Liang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
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Xiao SJ, Xu XK, Chen W, Xin JY, Yuan WL, Zu XP, Shen YH. Traditional Chinese medicine Euodiae Fructus: botany, traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity and quality control. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2023; 13:6. [PMID: 36790599 PMCID: PMC9931992 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-023-00369-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Euodiae Fructus, referred to as "Wuzhuyu" in Chinese, has been used as local and traditional herbal medicines in many regions, especially in China, Japan and Korea, for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, headache, emesis, aphtha, dermatophytosis, dysentery, etc. Substantial investigations into their chemical and pharmacological properties have been performed. Recently, interest in this plant has been focused on the different structural types of alkaloids like evodiamine, rutaecarpine, dehydroevodiamine and 1-methyl-2-undecyl-4(1H)-quinolone, which exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities in preclinical models, such as anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cardiovascular disease, etc. This review summarizes the up-to-date and comprehensive information concerning the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology of Euodiae Fructus together with the toxicology and quality control, and discusses the possible direction and scope for future research on this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Jia Xiao
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xi-Ke Xu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jia-Yun Xin
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Wen-Lin Yuan
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xian-Peng Zu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Yun-Heng Shen
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Liu JP, Liu SC, Hu SQ, Lu JF, Wu CL, Hu DX, Zhang WJ. ATP ion channel P2X purinergic receptors in inflammation response. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114205. [PMID: 36916431 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Different studies have confirmed that P2X purinergic receptors play a key role in inflammation. Activation of P2X purinergic receptors can release inflammatory cytokines and participate in the progression of inflammatory diseases. In an inflammatory microenvironment, cells can release a large amount of ATP to activate P2X receptors, open non-selective cation channels, activate multiple intracellular signaling, release multiple inflammatory cytokines, amplify inflammatory response. While P2X4 and P2X7 receptors play an important role in the process of inflammation. P2X4 receptor can mediate the activation of microglia involved in neuroinflammation, and P2X7 receptor can mediate different inflammatory cells to mediate the progression of tissue-wide inflammation. At present, the role of P2X receptors in inflammatory response has been widely recognized and affirmed. Therefore, in this paper, we discussed the role of P2X receptors-mediated inflammation. Moreover, we also described the effects of some antagonists (such as A-438079, 5-BDBD, A-804598, A-839977, and A-740003) on inflammation relief by antagonizing the activities of P2X receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Peng Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province 343000, China
| | - Si-Cheng Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province 343000, China
| | - Shi-Qi Hu
- Queen Mary College, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province 343000, China
| | - Jia-Feng Lu
- Basic medical school, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province 343000, China
| | - Chang-Lei Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province 343000, China
| | - Dong-Xia Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province 343000, China.
| | - Wen-Jun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province 343000, China.
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Liang R, Ge W, Li B, Cui W, Ma X, Pan Y, Li G. Evodiamine decreased the systemic exposure of pravastatin in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis rats due to the up-regulation of hepatic OATPs. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:359-373. [PMID: 35171063 PMCID: PMC8856114 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2036767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) may have a simultaneous intake of pravastatin and evodiamine-containing herbs. OBJECTIVE The effect of evodiamine on the pharmacokinetics of pravastatin and its potential mechanisms were investigated in NASH rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The NASH model was conducted with feeding a methionine choline-deficient (MCD) diet for 8 weeks. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomised equally (n = 6) into NASH group, evodiamine group (10 mg/kg), pravastatin group (10 mg/kg), and evodiamine (10 mg/kg) + pravastatin (10 mg/kg) group. Normal control rats were fed a standard diet. Effects of evodiamine on the pharmacokinetics, distribution, and uptake of pravastatin were investigated. RESULTS Evodiamine decreased Cmax (159.43 ± 26.63 vs. 125.61 ± 22.17 μg/L), AUC0-t (18.17 ± 2.52 vs. 14.91 ± 2.03 mg/min/L) and AUC0-∞ (22.99 ± 2.62 vs. 19.50 ± 2.31 mg/min/L) of orally administered pravastatin in NASH rats, but had no significant effect in normal rats. Evodiamine enhanced the uptake (from 154.85 ± 23.17 to 198.48 ± 26.31 pmol/mg protein) and distribution (from 736.61 ± 108.07 to 911.89 ± 124.64 ng/g tissue) of pravastatin in NASH rat liver. The expression of Oatp1a1, Oatp1a4, and Oatp1b2 was up-regulated 1.48-, 1.38-, and 1.51-fold by evodiamine. Evodiamine decreased the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α by 27.82%, 24.76%, and 29.72% in NASH rats, respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Evodiamine decreased the systemic exposure of pravastatin by up-regulating the expression of OATPs. These results provide a reference for further validation of this interaction in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Liang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Henan Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Pharmacology, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Ge
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Henan Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bingjie Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Henan Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Pharmacology, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Cui
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Henan Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaofan Ma
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Henan Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuying Pan
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Henan Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gengsheng Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Henan Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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Research Advances in Antitumor Mechanism of Evodiamine. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/2784257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Evodiamine is a natural alkaloid extracted from Fructus Evodia. This bioactive alkaloid has been reported to have a wide range of biological activities, including anti-injury, antiobesity, vasodilator, and anti-inflammatory effects. In recent years, it has been found that evodiamine has tumor-suppressive effects on a variety of tumors. There is growing evidence that evodiamine can inhibit the rapid proliferation of tumor cells, induce cell cycle arrest at a certain phase, increase the incidence of apoptosis, promote autophagy, inhibit microangiogenesis and migration, and regulate immunotherapy. Evodiamine can inhibit Wnt/β-catenin, mTOR, NF-κB, PI3K/AKT, JAK-STAT, and other signaling pathways in various cancer cells, and it can significantly downregulate the expression of many tumor markers, such as VEGF and COX-2. These facts partially explain the antitumor mechanism of evodiamine. In this article, the antitumor mechanism of evodiamine was reviewed to provide the basis for its clinical application and therapeutic development in the future.
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Hou X, Malainer C, Atanasov AG, Heiß EH, Dirsch VM, Wang L, Wang K. Evodiamine Lowers Blood Lipids by Up-Regulating the PPARγ/ABCG1 Pathway in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Mice. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:3110-3116. [PMID: 34902249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The natural alkaloid evodiamine enhances cholesterol efflux from cultured THP-1-derived macrophages, but whether it has any impact on blood lipids in vivo remains unknown. In this study, the effect of evodiamine on hyperlipidemia induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) was investigated in mice. Intragastric administrations of evodiamine (10 and 20 mg/kg) for 8 weeks resulted in a significant improvement of metabolic lipid profiles by reducing the plasma levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Evodiamine also significantly decreased hepatic lipid accumulation and hepatic total bile acids (TBA). Mechanistically, evodiamine increased ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) mRNA and protein expression and up-regulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) expression in the liver. Taken together, the natural product evodiamine lowers blood lipids in HFD-fed mice likely through promoting the PPARγ-ABCG1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingming Hou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266073, Shandong, China
| | - Clemens Malainer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Elke H Heiß
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena M Dirsch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Limei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266073, Shandong, China
- Institute of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - KeWei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266073, Shandong, China
- Institute of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
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11
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Fan M, Yao L. The Synthesis, Structural Modification and Mode of Anticancer Action of Evodiamine: a review. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 17:284-296. [PMID: 34939550 DOI: 10.2174/1574892817666211221165739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Finding novel antitumor reagents from naturally occurring alkaloids is a widely accepted strategy. Evodiamine, a tryptamine indole alkaloid isolated from Evodia rutaecarpa, has a wide range of biological activities, such as antitumor, anti-inflammation, and anti-bacteria. Hence, research works on the structural modification of evodiamine will facilitate the discovery of new antitumor drugs. OBJECTIVE The recent advances in the synthesis of evodiamine, and studies on the drug design, biological activities, and structure-activity-relationships of its derivatives, published in patents and primary literatures, are reviewed in this paper. METHODS The literatures, including patents and follow-up research papers from 2015 to 2020, related to evodiamine is searched in the Scifinder, PubMed, Espacenet, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang databases. The key words are evodiamine, synthesis, modification, anticancer, mechanism. RESULTS The synthesis of evodiamine are summarized. Then, structural modifications of evodiamine are described, and the possible modes of actions are discussed. CONCLUSION Evodiamine has a 6/5/6/6/6 ring system, and the structural modifications are focused on ring A, D, E, C5, N-13, and N-14. Some compounds show promising anticancer potentials and warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixia Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai, 264005, Shandong. China
| | - Lei Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai, 264005, Shandong. China
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Ai X, Dong X, Guo Y, Yang P, Hou Y, Bai J, Zhang S, Wang X. Targeting P2 receptors in purinergic signaling: a new strategy of active ingredients in traditional Chinese herbals for diseases treatment. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:229-240. [PMID: 33751327 PMCID: PMC8155138 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and its metabolites adenosine diphosphate, adenosine monophosphate, and adenosine in purinergic signaling pathway play important roles in many diseases. Activation of P2 receptors (P2R) channels and subsequent membrane depolarization can induce accumulation of extracellular ATP, and furtherly cause kinds of diseases, such as pain- and immune-related diseases, cardiac dysfunction, and tumorigenesis. Active ingredients of traditional Chinese herbals which exhibit superior pharmacological activities on diversified P2R channels have been considered as an alternative strategy of disease treatment. Experimental evidence of potential ingredients in Chinese herbs targeting P2R and their pharmacological activities were outlined in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Ai
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing Dong
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Hou
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinrong Bai
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Sanyin Zhang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
- Chengdu Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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Neuroprotective Studies of Evodiamine in an Okadaic Acid-Induced Neurotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105347. [PMID: 34069531 PMCID: PMC8161163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, and it manifests as progressive memory loss and cognitive decline. However, there are no effective therapies for AD, which is an urgent problem to solve. Evodiamine, one of the main bioactive ingredients of Evodia rutaecarpa, has been reported to ameliorate blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability and improve cognitive impairment in ischemia and AD mouse models. However, whether evodiamine alleviates tauopathy remains unclear. This study aimed to examine whether evodiamine ameliorates tau phosphorylation and cognitive deficits in AD models. Methods: A protein phosphatase 2A inhibitor, okadaic acid (OA), was used to induce tau phosphorylation to mimic AD-like models in neuronal cells. Protein expression and cell apoptosis were detected using Western blotting and flow cytometry, respectively. Spatial memory/cognition was assessed using water maze, passive avoidance tests, and magnetic resonance imaging assay in OA-induced mice models, and brain slices were evaluated further by immunohistochemistry. Results: The results showed that evodiamine significantly reduced the expression of phosphor-tau, and further decreased tau aggregation and neuronal cell death in response to OA treatment. This inhibition was found to be via the inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3β, cyclin-dependent kinase 5, and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. In vivo results indicated that evodiamine treatment ameliorated learning and memory impairments in mice, whereas Western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis of the mouse brain also confirmed the neuroprotective effects of evodiamine. Conclusions: Evodiamine can decrease the neurotoxicity of tau aggregation and exhibit a neuroprotective effect. Our results demonstrate that evodiamine has a therapeutic potential for AD treatment.
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JNK signaling as a target for anticancer therapy. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:405-434. [PMID: 33710509 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00238-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The JNKs are members of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) which regulate many physiological processes including inflammatory responses, macrophages, cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and death. It is increasingly clear that the continuous activation of JNKs has a role in cancer development and progression. Therefore, JNKs represent attractive oncogenic targets for cancer therapy using small molecule kinase inhibitors. Studies showed that the two major JNK proteins JNK1 and JNK2 have opposite functions in different types of cancers, which need more specification in the design of JNK inhibitors. Some of ATP- competitive and ATP non-competitive inhibitors have been developed and widely used in vitro, but this type of inhibitors lack selectivity and inhibits phosphorylation of all JNK substrates and may lead to cellular toxicity. In this review, we summarized and discussed the strategies of JNK binding inhibitors and the role of JNK signaling in the pathogenesis of different solid and hematological malignancies.
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Ye C, Zhang N, Zhao Q, Xie X, Li X, Zhu HP, Peng C, Huang W, Han B. Evodiamine alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis by activating apelin pathway. Phytother Res 2021; 35:3406-3417. [PMID: 33657655 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation can cause a series of inflammatory lung disease, which seriously endangers human health. Pulmonary fibrosis is a kind of inflammatory disease with end-stage lung pathological changes. It has complicated and unknown pathogenesis and is still lack of effective therapeutic drugs. LPS-induced inflammation is a common feature of many infectious inflammations such as pneumonia, bacteremia, glomerulonephritis, etc. Evodiamine, one of the main components of Evodia rutaecarpa, is an alkaloid with excellent antiinflammatory effects. In this study, we evaluated the protective capacities of evodiamine on LPS-induced inflammatory damages in vitro and in vivo. MTT method, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and other methods were used for in vitro study to determine the protective capacities of evodiamine. The results suggest that evodiamine can protect murine macrophages from the LPS-nigericin-induced damages by (a) inhibiting cellular apoptosis, (b) inhibiting inflammatory cytokines releasing, and (c) activating the apelin pathway. We also used the exogenous apelin-13 peptide co-cultured with LPS-nigericin in RAW264.7 cells and found that apelin-13 contributes to protecting the effects of evodiamine. In vivo, the ELISA method and immunohistochemistry were used to examine inflammatory cytokines, apelin, and histological changes. BALB/c mice were exposed to LPS and subsequent administration of evodiamine (p.o.)for some time, the results of the alveolar lavage fluid and the tissue slices showed that evodiamine treatment alleviated the pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis, stimulated apelin expression and inhibited the inflammatory cytokines. These results provide a basis for the protective effect and mechanism of evodiamine in LPS-induced inflammation and suggest that it might be potential therapeutics in human pulmonary infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong-Ping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Ren H, Yuan F, Tan W, Ding Y, An P, Luo H. Effect of Evodiamine on Rat Colonic Hypermotility Induced by Water Avoidance Stress and the Underlying Mechanism. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:441-452. [PMID: 33603336 PMCID: PMC7882800 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s298954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aim EVO is a natural alkaloid that reportedly has potential value in regulating gastrointestinal motility, but this conclusion remains controversial, and the molecular mechanism is unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of short-chain fatty acids on rat colonic hypermotility induced by water avoidance stress and the underlying mechanism. Methods We constructed a hypermotile rat model by chronic water avoidance stress, and Western blot was used to detect the protein level of nNOS in colon tissue. The organ bath and multichannel physiological signal acquisition systems were used to examine the spontaneous contractions of smooth muscle strips. The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to investigate L-type voltage-dependent calcium and BKCa channel currents in colonic smooth muscle cells. Results EVO inhibited the spontaneous contractions of colonic smooth muscle strips in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, EVO decreased the fecal output induced by chronic water avoidance stress. TTX did not block the inhibitory effect of EVO on spontaneous colon contractions, while L-NNA, a selective nNOS synthase inhibitor, did partially abolish this inhibitory effect. The protein expression of nNOS in the colon tissues of rats administered EVO was significantly increased compared to that in control rats. EVO reversibly inhibited the L-type calcium channel current without changing the steady-state activation or inactivation in colonic smooth muscle cells. EVO significantly inhibited the BKCa current but did not change the shape of the I-V curves. Conclusion EVO inhibits gastrointestinal motility by inhibiting L-type calcium and BKCa channels in colonic smooth muscle cells and indirectly interacting with nNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- HaiXia Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - FangTing Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - YiJuan Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - HeSheng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
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17
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Li M, Wang C. Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicology of the fruit of Tetradium ruticarpum: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 263:113231. [PMID: 32758577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The fruit of Tetradium ruticarpum (FTR) known as Tetradii fructus or Evodiae fructus (Wu-Zhu-Yu in Chinese) is a versatile herbal medicine which has been prescribed in Chinese herbal formulas and recognized in Japanese Kampo. FTR has been clinically used to treat various diseases such as headache, vomit, diarrhea, abdominal pain, dysmenorrhea and pelvic inflammation for thousands of years. AIM OF THE REVIEW The present paper aimed to provide comprehensive information on the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, drug interaction and toxicology of FTR in order to build up a foundation on the mechanism of ethnopharmacological uses as well as to explore the trends and perspectives for further studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review collected the literatures published prior to July 2020 on the phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicity of FTR. All relevant information on FTR was gathered from worldwide accepted scientific search engines and databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Elsevier, ACS, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Information was also obtained from local books, PhD. and MSc. Dissertations as well as from Pharmacopeias. RESULTS FTR has been used as an herbal medicine for centuries in East Asia. A total of 165 chemical compounds have been isolated so far and the main chemical compounds of FTR include alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, steroids, and phenylpropanoids. Crude extracts, processed products (medicinal slices) and pure components of FTR exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-obesity, antioxidant, insecticide, regulating central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis, cardiovascular protection. Furthermore, bioactive components isolated from FTR can induce drug interaction and hepatic injury. CONCLUSIONS Therapeutic potential of FTR has been demonstrated with the pharmacological effects on cancer, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, CNS, bacterial infection and obesity. Pharmacological and pharmacokinetic studies of FTR mostly focus on its main active alkaloids. Further in-depth studies on combined medication and processing approaches mechanisms, pharmacological and toxic effects not limited to the alkaloids, and toxic components of FTR should be designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manlin Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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18
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Sun Q, Xie L, Song J, Li X. Evodiamine: A review of its pharmacology, toxicity, pharmacokinetics and preparation researches. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 262:113164. [PMID: 32738391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Evodia rutaecarpa, a well-known herb medicine in China, is extensively applied in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The plant has the effects of dispersing cold and relieving pain, arresting vomiting, and helping Yang and stopping diarrhea. Modern research demonstrates that evodiamine, the main component of Evodia rutaecarpa, is the material basis for its efficacy. AIMS OF THE REVIEW This paper is primarily addressed to summarize the current studies on evodiamine. The progress in research on the pharmacology, toxicology, pharmacokinetics, preparation researches and clinical application are reviewed. Moreover, outlooks and directions for possible future studies concerning it are also discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS The information of this systematic review was conducted with resources of multiple literature databases including PubMed, Google scholar, Web of Science and Wiley Online Library and so on, with employing a combination of keywords including "pharmacology", "toxicology", "pharmacokinetics" and "clinical application", etc. RESULTS: As the main component of Evodia rutaecarpa, evodiamine shows considerable pharmacological activities, such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-microbial, heart protection and metabolic disease regulation. However, it is also found that it has significant hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity, thereby it should be monitored in clinical. In addition, available data demonstrate that the evodiamine has a needy solubility in aqueous medium. Scientific and reasonable pharmaceutical strategies should be introduced to improve the above defects. Meanwhile, more efforts should be made to develop novel efficient and low toxic derivatives. CONCLUSIONS This review summarizes the results from current studies of evodiamine, which is one of the valuable medicinal ingredients from Evodia rutaecarpa. With the assistance of relevant pharmacological investigation, some conventional application and problems in pharmaceutical field have been researched in recent years. In addition, unresolved issues include toxic mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, novel pharmaceutical researches and relationship between residues and intestinal environment, which are still being explored and excavate before achieving integration into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Long Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Jiawen Song
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
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Li L, Yang J, Liu B, Zou Y, Sun M, Li Z, Yang R, Xu X, Zou L, Li G, Liu S, Li G, Liang S. P2Y12 shRNA normalizes inflammatory dysfunctional hepatic glucokinase activity in type 2 diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110803. [PMID: 33017768 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The celiac ganglion projects its postganglionic (including purinergic) fibers to the liver. P2Y12 receptor is one of the P2Y family members. We found that the expression levels of P2Y12 receptor in both celiac ganglia and liver were increased in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats which also displayed an enhanced activity of celiac sympathetic nerve discharge (SND). In addition, a marked decrease of hepatic glucokinase (GK) expression was accompanied by reduced hepatic glycogen synthesis in T2DM rats, whereas meanwhile the levels of NLRP3, active caspase-1, NF-κB, and interleukin-1β were elevated. All these abnormal alterations could be largely reversed after treatment of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting P2Y12. Our results indicate that the silence of P2Y12 by shRNA may effectively correct the anomalous activity of celiac SND and improve the dysfunctional hepatic glucokinase by counteracting hepatocyte inflammation and likely pyroptosis due to activated NLRP3 inflammasome and caspase-1 signaling, thereby attenuating hyperglycemia in T2DM rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Jingjian Yang
- Undergraduate Student of Clinic Medicine Department, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Baoe Liu
- Undergraduate Student of Clinic Medicine Department, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Yuting Zou
- Undergraduate Student of Clinic Medicine Department, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Minghao Sun
- Undergraduate Student of Clinic Medicine Department, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Zijing Li
- Undergraduate Student of Clinic Medicine Department, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Runan Yang
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Xiumei Xu
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Lifang Zou
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Guilin Li
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Shuangmei Liu
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Guodong Li
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Shangdong Liang
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China.
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Zhang WJ, Luo HL, Zhu ZM. The role of P2X4 receptors in chronic pain: A potential pharmacological target. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110447. [PMID: 32887026 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a common symptom of most clinical diseases, which seriously affects the psychosomatic health of patients and brings some pain to patients. Due to its pathological mechanism is very complicated and the treatment of chronic pain has always been a difficult problem in clinical. Normally, drugs are usually used to relieve pain, but the analgesic effect is not good, especially for cancer pain patients, the analgesic effect is poor. Therefore, exploring the pathogenesis and treatment of chronic pain has aroused the interest of many researchers. A large number of studies have shown that the role of ATP and P2X4 receptor (P2X4R) play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic pain. P2X4R is dependent on ATP ligand-gated ion channel receptor, which can be activated by ATP and plays an important role in the information transmission of nerve system and the formation of pain. Therefore, in this paper, we comprehensively described the structure and biological functions of P2X4R, and outlined behavioral evaluation methods of chronic pain models. Moreover, we also explored the inherent relationship between P2X4R and chronic pain, and described the therapeutic effect of P2X4R antagonist on chronic pain, and provided some valuable help for the treatment of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, 343000, China.
| | - Hong-Liang Luo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, 343000, China.
| | - Zheng-Ming Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, 343000, China.
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21
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Development and in-vitro evaluation of co-loaded berberine chloride and evodiamine ethosomes for treatment of melanoma. Int J Pharm 2020; 581:119278. [PMID: 32229284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Berberine chloride (BBR) and evodiamine (EVO) are two main active ingredients of "ZuoJinWan", a classical Chinese herbal medicine, and these compounds are known to have a synergistic inhibitory effect on various cancer cell lines. Several recent studies have reported anti-melanoma effects for both BBR and EVO. However, topical delivery of the two compounds has been challenging, due to their poor aqueous solubility and their low skin penetration. In the current study, we have combined BBR and EVO into an ethosomes delivery system with the future aim to design a novel topical anti-melanoma formulation. The ethosomes formulations were characterized using particle size, entrapment efficiency and an in vitro skin drug deposition study. The ethosome formulation displaying maximum drug deposition in the epidermis was selected for further study. This formulation contained ethosomes with mean size of 171 nm and 90% or above entrapment efficiency for both BBR and EVO. Cell viability tests proved the optimized ethosomes increased the inhibitory effect on B16 melanoma cells. These results corroborate that ethosomes containing a combination of BBR and EVO are a promising delivery system for potential use in melanoma therapy.
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Khalafalla MG, Woods LT, Jasmer KJ, Forti KM, Camden JM, Jensen JL, Limesand KH, Galtung HK, Weisman GA. P2 Receptors as Therapeutic Targets in the Salivary Gland: From Physiology to Dysfunction. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:222. [PMID: 32231563 PMCID: PMC7082426 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although often overlooked in our daily lives, saliva performs a host of necessary physiological functions, including lubricating and protecting the oral cavity, facilitating taste sensation and digestion and maintaining tooth enamel. Therefore, salivary gland dysfunction and hyposalivation, often resulting from pathogenesis of the autoimmune disease Sjögren's syndrome or from radiotherapy of the head and neck region during cancer treatment, severely reduce the quality of life of afflicted patients and can lead to dental caries, periodontitis, digestive disorders, loss of taste and difficulty speaking. Since their initial discovery in the 1970s, P2 purinergic receptors for extracellular nucleotides, including ATP-gated ion channel P2X and G protein-coupled P2Y receptors, have been shown to mediate physiological processes in numerous tissues, including the salivary glands where P2 receptors represent a link between canonical and non-canonical saliva secretion. Additionally, extracellular nucleotides released during periods of cellular stress and inflammation act as a tissue alarmin to coordinate immunological and tissue repair responses through P2 receptor activation. Accordingly, P2 receptors have gained widespread clinical interest with agonists and antagonists either currently undergoing clinical trials or already approved for human use. Here, we review the contributions of P2 receptors to salivary gland function and describe their role in salivary gland dysfunction. We further consider their potential as therapeutic targets to promote physiological saliva flow, prevent salivary gland inflammation and enhance tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud G. Khalafalla
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lucas T. Woods
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Kimberly J. Jasmer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Kevin Muñoz Forti
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Jean M. Camden
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Janicke L. Jensen
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten H. Limesand
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Hilde K. Galtung
- Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gary A. Weisman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is an abnormality of lipid metabolism, characterized by an elevation of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and/or a decreasing of high density lipoprotein cholesterol in circulating levels. Hyperlipidemia has been ranked as one of the greatest risk factors contributing to prevalence and severity of coronary heart diseases. Hyperlipidemia-associated lipid disorders are considered the cause of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. There has been a growing interest in natural products and their role in the maintenance and improvement of health and wellness. The cholesterol-lowering effect of dietary plants has been well studied and various natural products were shown to be helpful in lowering plasma cholesterol levels and encouraging safety profile. The main focus of this review is to describe what we know to date of natural products, along with their lipid-lowering mechanisms, which are either through inhibition of cholesterol absorption, inhibition of cholesterol synthesis or antioxidant mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abeer Temraz
- b Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy , Umm Al-Qura University , Makkah , Saudi Arabia
- c Pharmacognosy Department , Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University , Nasr City , Cairo , Egypt
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Zhao Z, He X, Han W, Chen X, Liu P, Zhao X, Wang X, Zhang L, Wu S, Zheng X. Genus Tetradium L.: A comprehensive review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 231:337-354. [PMID: 30472402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The dried fruit of Tetradium ruticarpum is frequently utilized as a common traditional medicine in China, Japan and Korea. It has been widely used for the treatment of various diseases such as headache, menorrhalgia, dermatophytosis, celialgia, emesis and aphtha and so on. AIM OF THIS REVIEW Despite the wide biological activities of Tetradium plants, there is no current review summarizing medicinal properties of the genus of plants; thus, this review aims to systematically summarize studies on botanical characteristics, traditional uses, phytochemical ingredients, quality control, pharmacokinetics, pharmacological activities and toxicity of Tetradium species to demonstrate their therapeutic capacity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information and materials related to Tetradium species were obtained from scientific databases such as Google Scholar, Wikipedia, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, ACS Publications, SciFinder. Information was also gathered from International Plant Names Index, Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Chinese Pharmacopoeia and Traditional Chinese Medicine classics, etc. All studies of this genus were included in this review until July 2018. RESULTS Tetradium is widely assessed regarding its phytochemistry and biological activities. Approximately 131 chemical compounds, including alkaloids, saponins, phenols and other compounds, have been isolated from Tetradium plants. Among these components, alkaloid evodiamine is the most representative active ingredients of Tetradium plants. These compounds isolated from Tetradium plants exhibit a wide range of biological activities in vitro and in vivo including antitumor, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, insecticide, cardioprotective and lipid-lowering, treating CNS disorders, digestive system regulation and endocrine system improving activities. Furthermore, alkaloids could be used as markers for quality identification and evaluation of medicinal materials and their preparations. Information on evaluating the safety and pharmacokinetics of Tetradium often focuses on the alkaloids, thus further study and clinical data are required to enable the drug safety of the utilization of Tetradium plants. CONCLUSIONS Phytochemical and pharmacological studies of Tetradium plants have proved Tetradium plants are important medicinal herb resource. However, well-designed randomized clinical trials are necessary to confirm the therapeutic benefits of this genus in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xirui He
- Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 Nanguo Road, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Wei Han
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xufei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Peiliang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 Nanguo Road, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Shaoping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, China.
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Recognition and Optimization of Ingredients Treating Nitroglycerin-Induced Migraine Rats from Wuzhuyu Decoction. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:6156754. [PMID: 30915149 PMCID: PMC6409069 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6156754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Wuzhuyu decoction (WZYD) has been clinically used to treat migraine effectively since Eastern Han Dynasty of ancient China. However, its antimigrainic ingredients remain unclear. In present study, the antimigrainic ingredients of WZYD were explored and optimized in nitroglycerin-induced migraine rats through correlation analysis of decoction spectra-pharmacological effects and absorption spectra-pharmacological using entropy-weighted partial least squares regression method. The decoction spectra and absorption spectra were obtained through the determination of nine main ingredients in ten kinds of WZYDs and WZYDs' single-pass intestinal perfusion samples using high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector. The pharmacodynamics indexes related to migraine model rats were detected using high performance liquid chromatography method and kits after oral administration of WZYDs. Then, the key ingredients influencing indexes were achieved through the correlation analysis. And the optimization of key ingredients was acquired through uniform design experiment. The pharmacodynamic verification test was used to clarify the advantages of the optimized sample. The results showed that the final optimized sample, in which the concentrations of rutaecarpine, evodiamine, ginsendside Rb1, 6-gingerol, ginsendside Rg1, rutaevine, and limonin were 0.081, 0.565, 1.455, 0.159, 0.871, 0.178, and 0.009 mg·mL−1, respectively, provided the best comprehensive effect than another optimized sample and the best uniform design sample. Therefore, a new reliable method for rapidly recognizing and optimizing the effective constituents of WZYD treating migraine was established.
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Yu L, Liang Q, Zhang W, Liao M, Wen M, Zhan B, Bao H, Cheng X. HSP22 suppresses diabetes-induced endothelial injury by inhibiting mitochondrial reactive oxygen species formation. Redox Biol 2019; 21:101095. [PMID: 30640127 PMCID: PMC6327915 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.101095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) by hyperglycemia is a key event responsible for endothelial activation and injury. Heat shock protein 22 (HSP22) is a stress-inducible protein associated with cytoprotection and apoptosis inhibition. However, whether HSP22 prevents hyperglycemia-induced vascular endothelial injury remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether HSP22 protects the vascular endothelium from hyperglycemia-induced injury by reducing mtROS production. We used a high-fat diet and streptozotocin injection model to induce type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM, metabolic syndrome) and exposed human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to high glucose following overexpression or silencing of HSP22 to explore the role of HSP22. We found that HSP22 markedly inhibited endothelial cell activation and vascular lesions by inhibiting endothelial adhesion and decreasing cytokine secretion. We performed confocal microscopy and flow cytometry assays using HUVECs and showed that HSP22 attenuated mtROS and mitochondrial dysfunction in hyperglycemia-stimulated endothelial cells. Mechanistically, using the mtROS inhibitor MitoTEMPO, we demonstrated that HSP22 suppressed endothelial activation and injury by eliminating hyperglycemia-mediated increases in mtROS. Furthermore, we found that HSP22 maintained the balance of mitochondrial fusion and fission by mitigating mtROS in vitro. HSP22 attenuated the development of vascular lesions by suppressing mtROS-mediated endothelial activation in a T2DM mouse model. This study provides evidence that HSP22 may be a promising therapeutic target for vascular complications in T2DM. HSP22 reduces endothelial inflammation under diabetic conditions. HSP22 restrains hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress in the vascular endothelium. HSP22 reduces hyperglycemia-induced mtROS and endothelial mitochondrial dysfunction. HSP22 maintains the balance of mitochondrial fusion and fission by mitigating mtROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Qian Liang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Jiangxi Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, PR China
| | - Weifang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, PR China
| | - Minqi Liao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Minghua Wen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Biming Zhan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Huihui Bao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, PR China.
| | - Xiaoshu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, PR China.
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Chen Y, Jia Y, Song W, Zhang L. Therapeutic Potential of Nitrogen Mustard Based Hybrid Molecules. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1453. [PMID: 30618747 PMCID: PMC6304445 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As medicine advances, cancer is still among one of the major health problems, posing significant threats to human health. New anticancer agents features with novel scaffolds and/or unique mechanisms of action are highly desirable for the treatment of cancers, especially those highly aggressive and drug-resistant ones. Nitrogen mustard has been widely used as an anticancer drug since the discovery of its antitumor effect in the 1942. However, the lack of selectivity to cancer cells restricts the wide usage of a mass of nitrogen mustard agents to achieve further clinical significance. Discovery of antitumor hybrids using nitrogen mustards as key functional groups has exhibited enormous potential in the drug development. Introduction of nitrogen mustards resulted in improvement in the activity, selectivity, targetability, safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics properties of corresponding lead compounds or agents. Herein, the recently developed nitrogen mustard based hybrids have been introduced in the cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yuping Jia
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan, China
| | - Weiguo Song
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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Chen X, Zhou S, Li H. Evodiamine alleviates severe pneumonia induced by methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus following cytomegalovirus reactivation through suppressing NF-κB and MAPKs. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:3247-3255. [PMID: 30320369 PMCID: PMC6202108 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral and bacterial severe pneumonia are leading causes of mortality across the globe. Evodiamine (Evo), a botanical alkaloid, has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. In the present study, the effect of Evo on severe pneumonia induced by methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) following cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation, and its mechanism, were evaluated. In vitro, the protein and mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, respectively. The expression levels of associated proteins of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways were measured by western blot analysis. In vivo, mortality rate, weight loss, histological changes, lung bacteria count, inflammatory cytokines, and the expression proteins of associated with the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways were examined. The results revealed that Evo dose-dependently reduced the protein and mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, and inhibited the levels of phosphorylated (p-) inhibitor of NF-κBα, p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p-p38, and decreased the nuclear trans-location of NF-κB/p65 in BEAS-2B cells infected with MSSA. Furthermore, Evo markedly improved survival rate, decreased body weight loss and bacterial count, and attenuated lung histological alterations and the levels of inflammatory factors. In addition, the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways were significantly inhibited. Taken together, Evo effectively alleviated pneumonia via the NF-κB and MAPK pathways and may be a potential therapeutic agent for treating severe pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Emergency, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Shujun Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
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Evodiamine Attenuates P2X 7-Mediated Inflammatory Injury of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Exposed to High Free Fatty Acids. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:5082817. [PMID: 30210654 PMCID: PMC6120264 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5082817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are highly prevalent around the world. Elevated concentrations of free fatty acids (FFAs) are closely related to insulin resistance and T2DM. P2X7 receptor is an ion channel gated by ATP, which is implicated in various scenarios including immune response, pain, and inflammation. In this study, we have explored whether P2X7 receptor is involved in pathological changes in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by high FFA treatment, and the potential beneficial effects of evodiamine. Evodiamine could effectively suppress the enhanced expression of P2X7 receptor caused by high FFAs at both mRNA and protein levels. In addition, high FFA-induced cytotoxicity, the upregulated release of ATP, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) could be ameliorated by evodiamine in HUVECs. Evodiamine could also reverse the decreased NO formation and the increased adhesive events of immune cells at high FFAs. Moreover, evodiamine inhibited P2X7-dependent TNF-α expression and ERK 1/2 phosphorylation due to high FFAs. All these results indicated that evodiamine could correct the upregulated expression of P2X7 receptor induced under high FFA condition in HUVECs, and consequently suppressed oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.
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30
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Ren HX, Tang QC, Yan L, Xia H, Luo HS. Evodiamine inhibits gastrointestinal motility via CCK and CCK1 receptor in water-avoidence stress rat model. Life Sci 2018; 209:210-216. [PMID: 30086275 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Evodiamine (EVO) has been reported to play an important role in regulating gastrointestinal motility, but the evidence is insufficient, and the mechanism remains unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible role of EVO in stress-induced colonic hypermotility and the potential mechanisms via both in vivo and in vitro investigations. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to water avoidance stress (WAS) for 1 h or sham WAS daily for 10 consecutive days to construct the rat model. The colonic contractile activity was studied in an organ bath system. The serum CCK-8 level was detected using an enzyme immunoassay kit, and gastrointestinal transit was detected by intragastric administration of India ink. RESULTS WAS induced gastrointestinal hypermotility in male rats. EVO significantly inhibited the contractile activity of colonic muscle strips; this effect was not blocked by TTX and the CCK1 receptor antagonist devazepide. Chronic WAS induced a slight but nonsignificant increase in the serum CCK-8 level, while EVO elevated the serum CCK-8 level in the WAS rats in a dose-dependent manner. Exogenous CCK-8 significantly inhibited the contractile activity of the colonic muscle strips; this effect was not blocked by TTX but was completely blocked by devazepide. Both EVO and CCK-8 inhibited gastrointestinal transit, and the effect of EVO could be partially blocked by devazepide. SIGNIFICANCE EVO can reverse stress-induced gastrointestinal hypermotility. This effect may partially occur as a result of promoting the release of CCK and then activating the CCK1 receptor instead of directly activating the CCK1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- H X Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, China
| | - Q C Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, China
| | - L Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, China
| | - H Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Diseases, 430060, China
| | - H S Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Diseases, 430060, China.
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Wu H, Wen F, Jiang M, Liu Q, Nie Y. LncRNA uc.48+ is involved in the diabetic immune and inflammatory responses mediated by P2X7 receptor in RAW264.7 macrophages. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:1152-1160. [PMID: 29750294 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
High glucose combined with high FFAs can contribute to the unfavorable development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and monocytes/macrophages are important in the occurrence and development of T2DM, which is regarded as a type of low‑grade inflammation. Although our previous study demonstrated that increased expression of P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) in peripheral blood monocytes may alter the innate immune system and that long non‑coding (lnc)RNA uc.48+ was involved in diabetic neuropathic pain, the involvement of uc.48+ mediated by the P2X7R in monocyte/macrophages during T2DM has not been reported. In the present study, the effectsof uc.48+ small interference RNA (siRNA) on factors, including the mRNA and protein expression of P2X7R, apoptosis and proliferation, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytokine levels, and expression of phosphorylated (p‑) extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, were examined in RAW264.7 macrophages following exposure to high glucose and high plasma free fatty acids (FFAs). After RAW264.7 cells were transfected with uc.48+ siRNA under high glucose conditions and FFAs treatment, the mRNA expression levels of uc.48+ and P2X7 receptor were detected by reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction. The protein mass of P2X7 receptor and ERK signaling pathway were assessed by western blotting. ROS and calcium concentrations, and culture supernatant cytokine content [tumor necrosis factor‑α, interleukin (IL)‑10, IL‑1β] were detected by fluorescent probes and ELISA respectively. Cell viability and apoptosis were determined by MTS test and flow cytometry, respectively. It was found that treatment of RAW264.7 cells with high glucose and FFAs, which exhibited increased expression of uc.48+, evoked P2X7R‑mediated immune and inflammatory responses through several means, including cytokine secretion, ROS formation, and activation of the ERK signaling pathway. The uc.48+ siRNA regulated these factors and thus influenced the course and outcome of the immune and inflammatory responses mediated by P2X7R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Mei Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Jiangxi Province Blood Center, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330077, P.R. China
| | - Yijun Nie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Tu YM, Gong CX, Ding L, Liu XZ, Li T, Hu FF, Wang S, Xiong CP, Liang SD, Xu H. A high concentration of fatty acids induces TNF-α as well as NO release mediated by the P2X4 receptor, and the protective effects of puerarin in RAW264.7 cells. Food Funct 2018; 8:4336-4346. [PMID: 28937704 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00544j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Circulating levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) are often found to be increased in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (MS). High plasma FFA levels may give rise to maladaptive macrophage activation and promote inflammatory responses, which has been proposed as a potential mechanism for the development of DM and MS. P2X4 receptor (P2X4R), a ligand-gated cation channel activated by extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), plays a primary role in the regulation of inflammatory responses. Puerarin has been reported to possess potential anti-inflammatory activity. However, the anti-inflammatory activity of puerarin and the underlying molecular mechanisms in a setting of a high concentration of FFAs remain unknown. In this study, we found that a high concentration of FFAs increased the expression of P2X4R, cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and induced the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA and the release of TNF-α and nitric oxide (NO) in RAW264.7 macrophages. Such a high concentration FFA-induced inflammation may be reversed by the P2X4R selective antagonist 5-BDBD, which manifests the important role of P2X4R in the TNF-α and NO release caused by the high concentration of FFAs in RAW264.7 cells. Molecular docking data showed that puerarin could interfere with the activation of P2X4R by forming hydrogen bonding towards residue Arg267, an important residue essential for the canonical activation of P2X4R. Treatment with puerarin dose-dependently reduced high concentration FFA-elevated P2X4R expression and inhibited P2X4R-mediated inflammatory signalling, including high concentration FFA-evoked [Ca2+]i, ERK phosphorylation, expression of TNF-α and iNOS mRNA and release of TNF-α and NO. Our findings emphasize the critical role of P2X4R in high concentration FFA-induced TNF-α and NO release of RAW264.7 macrophages. Puerarin notably counteracts these high concentration FFA-induced adverse effects through its inhibition of P2X4R expression and P2X4R-mediated inflammatory signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ming Tu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Wang R, Deng D, Shao N, Xu Y, Xue L, Peng Y, Liu Y, Zhi F. Evodiamine activates cellular apoptosis through suppressing PI3K/AKT and activating MAPK in glioma. Onco Targets Ther 2018. [PMID: 29535541 PMCID: PMC5841348 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s155275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant primary tumor of the central nervous system and is associated with a very poor prognosis. No further improvements in outcomes have been reported since radiotherapy-temozolomide therapy was introduced. Therefore, developing new agents to treat GBM is important. Aim This study aimed to evaluate the anti-tumor effect of evodiamine (Evo) on GBM cells, and to determine the underlying mechanisms involved. Results According to MTT assay results, Evo significantly inhibited the cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry analyses revealed that Evo induced cell apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, Evo induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) disruption. Finally, Evo induced apoptosis in cancer cells by suppressing PI3K/AKT signaling and inducing MAPK phosphorylation (p38 and JNK, but not ERK) to regulate apoptotic proteins (Bax, Bcl-2, Cytochrome c, Caspase-3, and PARP). Conclusion In summary, Evo inhibits cell proliferation by inducing cellular apoptosis via suppressing PI3K/AKT and activating MAPK in GBM; these results indicate that Evo may be regarded as a new approach for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Modern Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Danni Deng
- Modern Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Naiyuan Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Modern Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lian Xue
- Modern Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yatian Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Zhi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Modern Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Xu T, Du XW, Hu JB, Zhu YF, Wu HL, Dai GP, Shu YM, Ouyang J. Anticancer effect of miR-96 inhibitor in bladder cancer cell lines. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:3814-3819. [PMID: 29467898 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the role of microRNA-96 (miR-96) in the proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of bladder cancer cell lines, and the associated mechanisms. The expression of miR-96 and human ether-à-go-go-related (HERG1) potassium channel in the normal uroepithelium SV-HUC-1 cell line, and bladder cancer T24 and 5637 cell lines were examined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction or/and western blotting. Transfection with miR-96 inhibitor or scrambled control (SC) was used to study the biological activities of miR-96 in bladder cancer cell lines. MTT, flow cytometric and Transwell assays were applied to detect cell viability, apoptosis and invasion, respectively. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was applied to determine the association between miR-96 and HERG1 expression. As demonstrated, miR-96 was highly expressed in the two bladder cancer cell lines, particularly in T24 cells. Following transfection with miR-96 inhibitor, miR-96 expression was significantly reduced in the T24 cell line, compared with SC. The miR-96 inhibitor suppressed cell proliferation and invasion, promoted apoptosis and arrested the cell cycle at the G1 phase. Consistently, HERG1 was also highly expressed in the two bladder cancer cell lines at the mRNA and protein level, but not in the normal uroepithelium cell line. The miR-96 inhibitor also significantly decreased HERG1 expression compared with SC. The results of the dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that miR-96 directly targeted wild-type HERG1. In conclusion, miR-96 inhibitor exhibited anticancer effects on bladder cancer cells by inhibiting proliferation and invasion of cells, and promoting their apoptosis. HERG1 was an important target of miR-96. These results provided experimental evidence supporting miR-96 as a therapeutic target for patients with bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- Department of Urology, Jinhua People's Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China.,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Wen Du
- Department of Urology, Jinhua People's Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Biao Hu
- Department of Urology, Jinhua People's Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Feng Zhu
- Department of Urology, Jinhua People's Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Ling Wu
- Department of Urology, Jinhua People's Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Ping Dai
- Department of Urology, Jinhua People's Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
| | - Yao-Min Shu
- Department of Urology, Jinhua People's Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ouyang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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Zhou X, Ren F, Wei H, Liu L, Shen T, Xu S, Wei J, Ren J, Ni H. Combination of berberine and evodiamine inhibits intestinal cholesterol absorption in high fat diet induced hyperlipidemic rats. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:239. [PMID: 29228954 PMCID: PMC5725942 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0628-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperlipidemia characterized of elevated serum lipid levels is a prevalent disease frequently resulting in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Berberine and evodiamine are herbal products of traditional Chinese herb Coptis chinensis and Evodia rutaecarpa, which are indicated to exert regulation of lipid metabolism. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the lipid-lowering effect of berberine and evodiamine combination in hyperlipidemic rats. METHOD The rat model of hyperlipidemia was established by providing high-fat-diet (HFD) for 4 weeks. Berberine (BB), evodiamine (EV), and their combination (BB + EV) were orally administered to HFD induced rats for 4 weeks. Body weight, food utilization, histopathology of liver tissues, lipid profiles of serum and liver were measured. Gas chromatography (GC) analysis was applied to examine the level of plasma total cholesterol and ß- Sitosterol (BS) to estimate cholesterol absorption activity. Furthermore, intestinal NPC1L1, ACAT2, and ApoB48 protein expressions were evaluated by immunohistochemical assay. RESULT According to the results, decreased levels of serum cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), as well as hepatic TC were showed in hyperlipidemic rats treated by combination of berberine and evodiamine. GC analysis indicated that the elevated plasma BS was significantly ameliorated by BB, EV, and BB + EV. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that BB + EV treatment down-regulated the expressions of intestinal NPC1L1 and ACAT2, and ApoB48 in HFD induced rats. CONCLUSION Based on the above results, combination of berberine and evodiamine exerted a promising preventive effect on hyperlipidemia, partially through inhibiting intestinal absorption of cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Fengying Ren
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610052, China
| | - Hong Wei
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Liyun Liu
- School of International Education, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Tao Shen
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Shijun Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jiangping Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jiayue Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Hengfan Ni
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
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36
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Design and synthesis of novel nitrogen mustard-evodiamine hybrids with selective antiproliferative activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4989-4993. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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37
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Zhang JY, Ma J, Yu P, Tang GJ, Li CJ, Yu DM, Zhang QM. Effects of reduced β2 glycoprotein I on high glucose‑induced cell death in HUVECs. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:4208-4214. [PMID: 28731130 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced β2 glycoprotein I (β2GPI) has been demonstrated to exhibit a beneficial effect in diabetic atherosclerosis and retinal neovascularization. However, the effect of reduced β2GPI on vascular disorders in diabetic mellitus (DM) remains to be elucidated. The present study established a high glucose‑induced injury model using human umbilical cords veins (HUVECs) and evaluated the protective effects of reduced β2GPI against the injury. The data demonstrated that a low concentration of reduced β2GPI (0.5 µM) mitigated high glucose‑induced cell loss, decreased nitric oxide (NO) production and resulted in calcium overloading. Mechanically, reduced β2GPI additionally reversed high glucose‑induced phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) accumulation, decrease of protein kinase B phosphorylation and nitric oxide synthase activity, and increase of cyclooxygenase‑2 activity. It was further confirmed that PTEN inhibitor‑bpV (1 µM) exhibited similar effects to those resulting from reduced β2GPI. Overall, the data revealed that reduced β2GPI exerts protective effects from glucose‑induced injury in HUVECs, potentially via decreasing PTEN levels. The present study suggests reduced β2GPI may act as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of vascular disorders in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Pei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Jie Tang
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - De-Min Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Mei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
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38
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Wu QQ, Xiao Y, Jiang XH, Yuan Y, Yang Z, Chang W, Bian ZY, Tang QZ. Evodiamine attenuates TGF-β1-induced fibroblast activation and endothelial to mesenchymal transition. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 430:81-90. [PMID: 28303407 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-2956-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of evodiamine on fibroblast activation in cardiac fibroblasts and endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts were stimulated with transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) to induce fibroblast activation. After co-cultured with evodiamine (5, 10 μM), the proliferation and pro-fibrotic proteins expression of cardiac fibroblasts were evaluated. HUVECs were also stimulated with TGF-β1 to induce EndMT and treated with evodiamine (5, 10 μM) at the same time. The EndMT response in the HUVECs was evaluated as well as the capacity of the transitioned endothelial cells migrating to surrounding tissue. As a result, Evodiamine-blunted TGF-β1 induced activation of cardiac fibroblast into myofibroblast as assessed by the decreased expressions of α-SMA. Furthermore, evodiamine reduced the increased protein expression of fibrosis markers in neonatal and adult rat cardiac fibroblasts induced by TGF-β1. HUVECs stimulated with TGF-β1 exhibited lower expression levels of CD31, CD34, and higher levels of α-SMA, vimentin than the control cells. This phenotype was eliminated in the HUVECs treated with both 5 and 10 μM evodiamine. Evodiamine significantly reduced the increase in migration ability that occurred in response to TGF-β1 in HUVECs. In addition, the activation of Smad2, Smad3, ERK1/2, and Akt, and the nuclear translocation of Smad4 in both cardiac fibroblasts and HUVEC were blocked by evodiamine treatment. Thus, evodiamine could prevent cardiac fibroblasts from activation into myofibroblast and protect HUVEC against EndMT. These effects may be mediated by inhibition of the TGFβ pathway in both cardiac fibroblasts and HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Han Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou-Yan Bian
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China. .,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China. .,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.
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Antiproliferative activity and apoptosis inducing effects of nitric oxide donating derivatives of evodiamine. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:2971-2978. [PMID: 27178387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The first series of nitric oxide donating derivatives of evodiamine were designed and prepared. NO releasing ability of all target derivatives was evaluated in BGC-823, Bel-7402 and L-02 cells. The cytotoxicity was evaluated against three human tumor cell lines (Bel-7402, A549 and BGC-823) and normal human liver cells L-02. The nitrate derivatives 11a and 11b only exhibited moderate activity and furoxan-based derivatives 13a-c, 14a and 14b showed promising activity. 13c showed good cytotoxic selectivity between tumor and normal liver cells and was further investigated for its apoptotic properties on human hepatocarcinoma Bel-7402 cells. The molecular mode of action revealed that 13c caused cell-cycle arrest at S phase and induced apoptosis in Bel-7402 cells through mitochondria-related caspase-dependent pathways.
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40
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Tan Q, Zhang J. Evodiamine and Its Role in Chronic Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 929:315-328. [PMID: 27771931 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41342-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Evodiamine (EVO) is a major alkaloid compound extracted from the dry unripened fruit Evodiae fructus (Evodia rutaecarpa Benth., Rutaceae). EVO has a variety of pharmacological activities, such as anti-obesity, anti-allergenic, analgesic, anti-tumor, anti-ulcerogenic, and neuroprotective activities. EVO has varying efficacies in animal models and humans. Here, the physicochemical properties of EVO are presented, and the EVO's functions and mechanisms of action in various chronic diseases are reviewed. EVO is worth exploring in more depth in the future for its potential use in various chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunyou Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Jingqing Zhang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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