1
|
Zhu L, Li XJ, Gangadaran P, Jing X, Ahn BC. Tumor-associated macrophages as a potential therapeutic target in thyroid cancers. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:3895-3917. [PMID: 37796300 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03549-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are important precursor cell types of the innate immune system and bridge adaptive immune responses through the antigen presentation system. Meanwhile, macrophages constitute substantial portion of the stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) (referred to as tumor-associated macrophages, or TAMs) and exhibit conflicting roles in the development, invasion, and metastasis of thyroid cancer (TC). Moreover, TAMs play a crucial role to the behavior of TC due to their high degree of infiltration and prognostic relevance. Generally, TAMs can be divided into two subgroups; M1-like TAMs are capable of directly kill tumor cells, and recruiting and activating other immune cells in the early stages of cancer. However, due to changes in the TME, M2-like TAMs gradually increase and promote tumor progression. This review aims to discuss the impact of TAMs on TC, including their role in tumor promotion, gene mutation, and other factors related to the polarization of TAMs. Finally, we will explore the M2-like TAM-centered therapeutic strategies, including chemotherapy, clinical trials, and combinatorial immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liya Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiu Juan Li
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, Shan-Dong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiuli Jing
- Center for Life Sciences Research, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shan-Dong Province, 271000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
- Department Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Suzuki K, Ohe R, Kabasawa T, Kitaoka T, Kawai M, Motoi F, Futakuchi M. Histological spatial analysis on the induction of PD-L1 + macrophages by CD8 + T cells at the marginal microenvironment of triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer 2023; 30:1094-1104. [PMID: 37792212 PMCID: PMC10587303 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-023-01507-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) plays important roles in the evasion of antitumor immunity. Because we observed the localization of PD-L1-positive (PD-L1+) cells in the marginal region of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) specimens, we hypothesized that the marginal microenvironment of TNBC would involve the induction of PD-L1+ cells. METHODS One hundred and one TNBC surgical specimens were examined. We performed immunohistochemical (IHC) studies of PD-L1, CD68, CD8, and pan-cytokeratin in these specimens. We analyzed the localization of IHC-positive cells and the distance between these cells by histological spatial analysis. RESULTS In 30.7% of TNBC specimens, PD-L1+ cells were located in the marginal region. Approximately three PD-L1+ cells accumulated around a single TNBC cell. Most PD-L1+ cells were located within 50 μm of TNBC cells. PD-L1+ cells were indicated to interact with TNBC cells in the marginal region. PD-L1+CD68+ cells were located in the marginal region, while CD68+ macrophages (MΦs) were observed either in the marginal region or the core region. PD-L1 expression in MΦs was induced in the marginal region. The colocalization of CD8+ T cells in the marginal region indicates that PD-L1 expression in MΦs would be induced by interaction with CD8+ T cells. Because CD8+ T cells are positive for CCL2, CCL2 may induce PD-L1 expression in MΦs. CONCLUSION At the marginal microenvironment of TNBC, PD-L1 expression would be induced in MΦs by interaction with CD8+ T cells through CCL2. The interaction between PD-L1+ MΦs and TNBC cells would facilitate the growth of TNBC under antitumor immunity. These interactions would be potential targets for restoring antitumor immunity and suppressing TNBC progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan.
| | - Rintaro Ohe
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Takanobu Kabasawa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Takumi Kitaoka
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kawai
- Department of Surgery 1, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Fuyuhiko Motoi
- Department of Surgery 1, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Futakuchi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gunnarsdottir FB, Briem O, Lindgren AY, Källberg E, Andersen C, Grenthe R, Rosenqvist C, Millrud CR, Wallgren M, Viklund H, Bexell D, Johansson ME, Hedenfalk I, Hagerling C, Leandersson K. Breast cancer associated CD169 + macrophages possess broad immunosuppressive functions but enhance antibody secretion by activated B cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1180209. [PMID: 37404831 PMCID: PMC10315498 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1180209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CD169+ resident macrophages in lymph nodes of breast cancer patients are for unknown reasons associated with a beneficial prognosis. This contrasts CD169+ macrophages present in primary breast tumors (CD169+ TAMs), that correlate with a worse prognosis. We recently showed that these CD169+ TAMs were associated with tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) and Tregs in breast cancer. Here, we show that CD169+ TAMs can be monocyte-derived and express a unique mediator profile characterized by type I IFNs, CXCL10, PGE2 and inhibitory co-receptor expression pattern. The CD169+ monocyte-derived macrophages (CD169+ Mo-M) possessed an immunosuppressive function in vitro inhibiting NK, T and B cell proliferation, but enhanced antibody and IL6 secretion in activated B cells. Our findings indicate that CD169+ Mo-M in the primary breast tumor microenvironment are linked to both immunosuppression and TLS functions, with implications for future targeted Mo-M therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frida Björk Gunnarsdottir
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Oscar Briem
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Aida Yifter Lindgren
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Eva Källberg
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Cajsa Andersen
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Robert Grenthe
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Cassandra Rosenqvist
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Camilla Rydberg Millrud
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mika Wallgren
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hannah Viklund
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Daniel Bexell
- Translational Cancer Research, TCR, Medicon Village, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin E. Johansson
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Hedenfalk
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Catharina Hagerling
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Leandersson
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu S, Wang C, Yang L, Wu J, Li M, Xiao P, Xu Z, Xu Y, Wang K. Targeting immune checkpoints on tumor-associated macrophages in tumor immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1199631. [PMID: 37313405 PMCID: PMC10258331 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1199631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Unprecedented breakthroughs have been made in cancer immunotherapy in recent years. Particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors have fostered hope for patients with cancer. However, immunotherapy still exhibits certain limitations, such as a low response rate, limited efficacy in certain populations, and adverse events in certain tumors. Therefore, exploring strategies that can improve clinical response rates in patients is crucial. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the predominant immune cells that infiltrate the tumor microenvironment and express a variety of immune checkpoints that impact immune functions. Mounting evidence indicates that immune checkpoints in TAMs are closely associated with the prognosis of patients with tumors receiving immunotherapy. This review centers on the regulatory mechanisms governing immune checkpoint expression in macrophages and strategies aimed at improving immune checkpoint therapies. Our review provides insights into potential therapeutic targets to improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade and key clues to developing novel tumor immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Chenyang Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Lingge Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Jiaji Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Mengshu Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shettigar A, Salunke R, Modi D, Mukherjee N. Targeting molecular cross-talk between tumor cells and tumor associated macrophage as therapeutic strategy in triple negative breast cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110250. [PMID: 37163922 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative Breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer (BC) that lacks expression for ER/PR/Her2 receptors and is associated with aggressive disease pathogenesis and the worst prognosis among other subtypes of BC. Accumulating evidence-based studies indicate the high immunogenic ability of TNBC tumors and the applicability of immunotherapeutic strategies to overcome therapy resistance and tumor recurrence in TNBC patients. However, not all TNBC patients respond equally well to current immunotherapies that mainly target the adaptive immune system for tumor rejection. Recent studies are contemplating the efficacy of tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) targeted therapies since these subpopulations of cells comprise one of the major components of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIIs) in the TNBC tumor microenvironment (TME) and play an essential role in priming the adaptive immune response mediators towards both antitumorigenic and pro-tumorigenic response facilitated by intercellular cross-talk between tumor cells and TAM populations present within TNBC-TME. The present review discusses these molecular mechanisms and their consequence on the progression of TNBC tumors. Also, the therapeutic strategies targeting candidate genes/pathways involved in molecular cross-talk between TAM-TNBC cells and their impact on the development and progression of TNBC tumors are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Shettigar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Rushigandha Salunke
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Deepak Modi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Nupur Mukherjee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Tumour progression is modulated by the local microenvironment. This environment is populated by many immune cells, of which macrophages are among the most abundant. Clinical correlative data and a plethora of preclinical studies in mouse models of cancers have shown that tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a cancer-promoting role. Within the primary tumour, TAMs promote tumour cell invasion and intravasation and tumour stem cell viability and induce angiogenesis. At the metastatic site, metastasis-associated macrophages promote extravasation, tumour cell survival and persistent growth, as well as maintain tumour cell dormancy in some contexts. In both the primary and metastatic sites, TAMs are suppressive to the activities of cytotoxic T and natural killer cells that have the potential to eradicate tumours. Such activities suggest that TAMs will be a major target for therapeutic intervention. In this Perspective article, we chronologically explore the evolution of our understanding of TAM biology put into the context of major enabling advances in macrophage biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- MRC-Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nagata M, Ishizaka K, Asano T. CD169 + Macrophages Residing in the Draining Lymph Nodes and Infiltrating the Tumor Play Opposite Roles in the Pathogenesis of Bladder Cancer. Res Rep Urol 2023; 15:1-7. [PMID: 36660299 PMCID: PMC9843471 DOI: 10.2147/rru.s384113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose CD169+ macrophages are considered to enhance anti-tumor immunity by capturing lymph-borne dead tumor cells. The number of CD169+ macrophages in regional lymph nodes (RLNs) is positively correlated with prolonged cancer-free survival in various human cancers. However, a recent study argued against this dogma; that is, CD169+ macrophages infiltrating into the tumor were associated with poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer. To explain this discrepancy, we quantified the number of CD169+ macrophages located in the bladder tumor and RLNs of the same patients and examined their relationship with the 5-year survival rate. Patients and Methods Tumor and RLN specimens resected from 40 invasive bladder cancer patients (29 males and 11 females; median age, 70.7 years; range, 49-81 years) who underwent radical cystectomy were evaluated using immunostaining. Results The number of CD169+ macrophages in RLNs was associated with a good cancer prognosis, while CD169+ macrophages infiltrating the tumor strongly correlated with a higher incidence of lymphovascular invasion. Conclusion CD169+ macrophages play opposing roles in the induction of anti-tumor immunity based on their location in RLNs or tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Nagata
- Department of Urology, Teikyo University Hospital Mizonokuchi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ishizaka
- Department of Urology, Teikyo University Hospital Mizonokuchi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Touko Asano
- Department of Urology, Teikyo University Hospital Mizonokuchi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan,Department of Urology, Omori Red Cross Hospital, Ota, Tokyo, Japan,Correspondence: Touko Asano, Department of Urology, Teikyo University Hospital Mizonokuchi, 5-1-1 Futago, Takatsu, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 213-8507, Japan, Tel +81-044-844-3333, Fax +81-044-844-3208, Email
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ghasempour S, Freeman SA. The glycocalyx and immune evasion in cancer. FEBS J 2023; 290:55-65. [PMID: 34665926 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In order to establish malignant lesions, tumors must first evade their detection by immune cells. Tumors achieve this by embellishing and tailoring their glycocalyx, a network of polysaccharides and glycosylated proteins that refracts the phagocytic efforts of myeloid cells, shrouds neoantigens and other ligands from cells of the acquired immune system, and skews immune responses. The barriers imposed by the glycocalyx are biophysical and also linked to the inhibitory receptor signaling pathways of immune cells that engage tumor sialic acids as markers of healthy "self". This would explain the pressure for cancers to upregulate the synthases, transmembrane mucins, and other heavily sialylated glycoproteins involved in establishing a repulsive glycocalyx. Accordingly, individual tumor cells that are best capable of constructing a shielding glycocalyx on their surface show higher metastatic potential in immunocompetent mice. Reciprocally, therapeutics have recently been devised to edit and dismantle the glycocalyx barrier in an effort to invigorate an immune response aimed at tumor destruction. We discuss the features of the tumor-associated glycocalyx that afford immune evasion of cancers and how strategies that target this barrier may potentiate antitumor immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sina Ghasempour
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Spencer A Freeman
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tatari N, Khan S, Livingstone J, Zhai K, Mckenna D, Ignatchenko V, Chokshi C, Gwynne WD, Singh M, Revill S, Mikolajewicz N, Zhu C, Chan J, Hawkins C, Lu JQ, Provias JP, Ask K, Morrissy S, Brown S, Weiss T, Weller M, Han H, Greenspoon JN, Moffat J, Venugopal C, Boutros PC, Singh SK, Kislinger T. The proteomic landscape of glioblastoma recurrence reveals novel and targetable immunoregulatory drivers. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 144:1127-1142. [PMID: 36178522 PMCID: PMC10187978 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02506-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by extensive cellular and genetic heterogeneity. Its initial presentation as primary disease (pGBM) has been subject to exhaustive molecular and cellular profiling. By contrast, our understanding of how GBM evolves to evade the selective pressure of therapy is starkly limited. The proteomic landscape of recurrent GBM (rGBM), which is refractory to most treatments used for pGBM, are poorly known. We, therefore, quantified the transcriptome and proteome of 134 patient-derived pGBM and rGBM samples, including 40 matched pGBM-rGBM pairs. GBM subtypes transition from pGBM to rGBM towards a preferentially mesenchymal state at recurrence, consistent with the increasingly invasive nature of rGBM. We identified immune regulatory/suppressive genes as important drivers of rGBM and in particular 2-5-oligoadenylate synthase 2 (OAS2) as an essential gene in recurrent disease. Our data identify a new class of therapeutic targets that emerge from the adaptive response of pGBM to therapy, emerging specifically in recurrent disease and may provide new therapeutic opportunities absent at pGBM diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Tatari
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Shahbaz Khan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julie Livingstone
- Department of Human Genetics and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kui Zhai
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Dillon Mckenna
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Chirayu Chokshi
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - William D Gwynne
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Manoj Singh
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Spencer Revill
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nicholas Mikolajewicz
- Department of Molecular Genetics - Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chenghao Zhu
- Department of Human Genetics and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Chan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Cynthia Hawkins
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jian-Qiang Lu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - John P Provias
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kjetil Ask
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sorana Morrissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Samuel Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tobias Weiss
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hong Han
- Department of Molecular Genetics - Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey N Greenspoon
- Juravinski Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Radiation Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jason Moffat
- Department of Molecular Genetics - Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chitra Venugopal
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Department of Human Genetics and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Sheila K Singh
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Thomas Kislinger
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang D, Du C, Wang S, Li L, Liu T, Song J, He Z, Zhai Y, Sun B, Sun J. Probing the Role of Connecting Bonds and Modifying Chains in the Rational Design of Prodrug Nanoassemblies. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:51200-51211. [PMID: 36397309 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Prodrug-based self-assembled nanoparticles combined with the merits of nanotechnology and prodrugs strategies have gradually become a research trending topic in the field of drug delivery. These prodrugs usually consist of parent drugs, connecting bonds, and modifying chains. The influences of the connecting bonds and modifying chains on the pharmaceutical characteristics, in vivo delivery fate, and antitumor activity of prodrug nanoassemblies remain elusive. Herein, three docetaxel (DTX) prodrugs were designed using sulfur bonds (thioether bond or disulfide bond) as connecting bonds and fatty alcohols (straight chain or branched chain) as modifying chains. Interestingly, the difference between connecting bonds and modifying chains deeply influenced the colloidal stability, redox responsive drug release, cytotoxicity, pharmacokinetic properties, tumor accumulation, and antitumor effect of prodrug nanoassemblies. DTX conjugated with branched chain fatty alcohols via disulfide bonds (HUA-SS-DTX) significantly improved the antitumor efficiency of DTX and reduced the systematic toxicity. Our study elaborates on the vital role of connecting bonds and modifying chains in the rational design of prodrug nanoassemblies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danping Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chaoying Du
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lingxiao Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiaxuan Song
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yinglei Zhai
- School of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bingjun Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dang Q, Sun Z, Wang Y, Wang L, Liu Z, Han X. Ferroptosis: a double-edged sword mediating immune tolerance of cancer. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:925. [PMID: 36335094 PMCID: PMC9637147 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05384-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The term ferroptosis was put forward in 2012 and has been researched exponentially over the past few years. Ferroptosis is an unconventional pattern of iron-dependent programmed cell death, which belongs to a type of necrosis and is distinguished from apoptosis and autophagy. Actuated by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation, ferroptosis is modulated by various cellular metabolic and signaling pathways, including amino acid, lipid, iron, and mitochondrial metabolism. Notably, ferroptosis is associated with numerous diseases and plays a double-edged sword role. Particularly, metastasis-prone or highly-mutated tumor cells are sensitive to ferroptosis. Hence, inducing or prohibiting ferroptosis in tumor cells has vastly promising potential in treating drug-resistant cancers. Immunotolerant cancer cells are not sensitive to the traditional cell death pathway such as apoptosis and necroptosis, while ferroptosis plays a crucial role in mediating tumor and immune cells to antagonize immune tolerance, which has broad prospects in the clinical setting. Herein, we summarized the mechanisms and delineated the regulatory network of ferroptosis, emphasized its dual role in mediating immune tolerance, proposed its significant clinical benefits in the tumor immune microenvironment, and ultimately presented some provocative doubts. This review aims to provide practical guidelines and research directions for the clinical practice of ferroptosis in treating immune-resistant tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Dang
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 China ,grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 China
| | - Ziqi Sun
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 China
| | - Yang Wang
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 China
| | - Libo Wang
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 China
| | - Xinwei Han
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mantovani A, Allavena P, Marchesi F, Garlanda C. Macrophages as tools and targets in cancer therapy. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2022; 21:799-820. [PMID: 35974096 PMCID: PMC9380983 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00520-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 488] [Impact Index Per Article: 244.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumour-associated macrophages are an essential component of the tumour microenvironment and have a role in the orchestration of angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodelling, cancer cell proliferation, metastasis and immunosuppression, as well as in resistance to chemotherapeutic agents and checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. Conversely, when appropriately activated, macrophages can mediate phagocytosis of cancer cells and cytotoxic tumour killing, and engage in effective bidirectional interactions with components of the innate and adaptive immune system. Therefore, they have emerged as therapeutic targets in cancer therapy. Macrophage-targeting strategies include inhibitors of cytokines and chemokines involved in the recruitment and polarization of tumour-promoting myeloid cells as well as activators of their antitumorigenic and immunostimulating functions. Early clinical trials suggest that targeting negative regulators (checkpoints) of myeloid cell function indeed has antitumor potential. Finally, given the continuous recruitment of myelomonocytic cells into tumour tissues, macrophages are candidates for cell therapy with the development of chimeric antigen receptor effector cells. Macrophage-centred therapeutic strategies have the potential to complement, and synergize with, currently available tools in the oncology armamentarium. Macrophages can promote tumorigenesis and enhance the antitumour response. This Review discusses the molecular mechanisms underlying the reprogramming of macrophages in the tumour microenvironment and provides an overview of macrophage-targeted therapies for the treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Mantovani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy. .,IRCCS- Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy. .,The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Paola Allavena
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS- Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Marchesi
- IRCCS- Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Garlanda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS- Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Malla R, Padmaraju V, Kundrapu DB. Tumor-associated macrophages: Potential target of natural compounds for management of breast cancer. Life Sci 2022; 301:120572. [PMID: 35489567 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A large body of experimental research reveals that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the major immunosuppressor cells in the breast tumor microenvironment (TME). The infiltration of macrophages is correlated with inverse outcomes like disease-free survival and overall survival of cancer patients. They are responsible for heterogeneity, metastasis, and drug resistance. Further, their density in tumor beds is correlated with stage and therapy response. The current review is aimed at summarizing mechanisms and signaling pathways that modulate immune-suppressive phenotype and expansion of TAMs. The review presents an overview of the interdependence of tumor cells and TAMs in TME to promote metastasis, drug resistance and immune suppressive phenotype. This review also presents the potential natural compounds that modulate the immune-suppressive functions of TAMs and their signaling pathways. Finally, this review provides nanotechnology approaches for the targeted delivery of natural products. This review shed light on BC management including clinical studies on the prognostic relevance of TAMs and natural compounds that sensitizes BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- RamaRao Malla
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Dept. of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GIS, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam 531001, Andhra Pradesh, India; Dept of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GIS, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam 531001, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Vasudevaraju Padmaraju
- Dept of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GIS, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam 531001, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Durga Bhavani Kundrapu
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Dept. of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GIS, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam 531001, Andhra Pradesh, India; Dept of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GIS, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam 531001, Andhra Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jiang KY, Qi LL, Kang FB, Wang L. The intriguing roles of Siglec family members in the tumor microenvironment. Biomark Res 2022; 10:22. [PMID: 35418152 PMCID: PMC9008986 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00369-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding receptors are expressed on the surfaces of a variety of immune cells and have complex and diverse immunoregulatory functions in health and diseases. Recent studies have shown that Siglecs could play diverse immune and nonimmune regulatory roles in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and participate in tumor progression through various mechanisms, such as regulating tumor growth and metastasis, mediating the inflammatory response, and promoting tumor immune escape, thereby affecting the prognoses and outcomes of patients. However, depending on the cell type in which they are expressed, each Siglec member binds to corresponding ligands in the microenvironment milieu to drive diverse cell physiological and pathological processes in tumors. Therefore, we herein summarize the expression spectra and functions of the Siglec family in human diseases, particularly cancer, and highlight the possibility of therapeutic interventions targeting the TME in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kui-Ying Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Li Qi
- Experimental Center for Teaching of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Biao Kang
- The Liver Disease Center of PLA, the 980Th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang Y, Tang M, Guo Q, Xu H, Yang Z, Li D. The value of erlotinib related target molecules in kidney renal cell carcinoma via bioinformatics analysis. Gene X 2022; 816:146173. [PMID: 35026294 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Erlotinib was found to be an effective treatment for metastatic kidney renal cell carcinoma (KIRC). This study employed bioinformatics to explore the value of erlotinib's target molecules in KIRC. METHODS We screened GSE25698 dataset for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) following erlotinib treatment, followed by analyzing their underlying functional mechanisms. The value of DEGs was identified in TCGA database to construct risk model and nomogram, and possible mechanisms underlying model factors and their relationship with KIRC immune infiltration were analyzed. RESULTS Following erlotinib treatment, DEGs were involved in antigen binding, myeloid leukocyte activation, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, etc. COL11A1, EMCN, GLYATL1, HHLA2, IGFN1, LIPA, LRRC19, PANK1, PRAME, and TNFSF14 were independent factors influencing poor prognosis in KIRC patients. Age, grade, and risk score were independent risk factors influencing poor prognosis of KIRC patients. The risk score was associated with immune cells such as T cells regulatory, T cells follicular helper, macrophages M0, etc., and participated signaling mechanisms such as ERBB, insulin, mTOR, PPAR, apoptosis, MAPK, T cell receptor, etc. CONCLUSIONS: The expression levels of COL11A1, EMCN, GLYATL1, HHLA2, IGFN1 LIPA, LRRC19, PANK1, PRAME, and TNFSF14 were associated with KIRC prognosis and immune cell infiltration. The risk model and nomogram based on erlotinib's target molecules were expected to be a tool for evaluating the prognosis of KIRC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- YunQiang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beilun District people's Hospital of Ningbo, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315800, China
| | - MingYang Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - HaoQiang Xu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - ZhiYong Yang
- Department of Oncology, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, Hubei 438000, China.
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Oncology, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, Hubei 438000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tumor-associated macrophages in cancer: recent advancements in cancer nanoimmunotherapies. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:68. [PMID: 35183252 PMCID: PMC8857848 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02272-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractCancer immunotherapy has emerged as a novel cancer treatment, although recent immunotherapy trials have produced suboptimal outcomes, with durable responses seen only in a small number of patients. The tumor microenvironment (TME) has been shown to be responsible for tumor immune escape and therapy failure. The vital component of the TME is tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which are usually associated with poor prognosis and drug resistance, including immunotherapies, and have emerged as promising targets for cancer immunotherapy. Recently, nanoparticles, because of their unique physicochemical characteristics, have emerged as crucial translational moieties in tackling tumor-promoting TAMs that amplify immune responses and sensitize tumors to immunotherapies in a safe and effective manner. In this review, we mainly described the current potential nanomaterial-based therapeutic strategies that target TAMs, including restricting TAMs survival, inhibiting TAMs recruitment to tumors and functionally repolarizing tumor-supportive TAMs to antitumor type. The current understanding of the origin and polarization of TAMs, their crucial role in cancer progression and prognostic significance was also discussed in this review. We also highlighted the recent evolution of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-macrophage cell therapy.
Collapse
|
17
|
The role of exosomal miR-181b in the crosstalk between NSCLC cells and tumor-associated macrophages. Genes Genomics 2022; 44:1243-1258. [PMID: 35150402 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01227-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) participate in modulating the progression of cancer in the tumor microenvironment. However, the crosstalk between TAMs and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still unclear. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether NSCLC-derived exosomes could affect TAMs, which feedback modulated progression of NSCLC. METHODS MiR-181b expression was measured by RT-PCR. Human THP-1 monocyte was differentiated into macrophages with phorbol myristate acetate, which were further identified by transmission electron microscopy and western blot. Macrophage M1 and M2 polarizations were detected by flow cytometry, RT-PCR and western blot. Proliferation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells treated with conditioned mediums were detected by EdU and Transwell assays. RESULTS We demonstrated that miR-181b was up-regulated in exosomes derived from NSCLC patients' serum and NSCLC cells. MiR-181b could be transferred to macrophages via exosomes in the co-culture system of macrophages and NSCLC cells, which promoted macrophage M2 polarization. Further examinations revealed that exosomes derived from NSCLC cells could enhanced macrophage M2 polarizations by regulating miR-181b/JAK2/STAT3 axis, and silencing miR-181b in NSCLC cells and JAK2 inhibitor used in macrophages could reverse the effects. Importantly, the conditioned medium of macrophages treated with NSCLC cell-derived exosomes could promote NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Silencing miR-181b in NSCLC cells and JAK2 inhibitor used in macrophages could block the effects. CONCLUSIONS All of these results indicated that exosomal miR-181b participated in the crosstalk between NSCLC cells and TAMs, providing potential therapeutic targets for NSCLC.
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhou X, Zou L, Liao H, Luo J, Yang T, Wu J, Chen W, Wu K, Cen S, Lv D, Shu F, Yang Y, Li C, Li B, Mao X. Abrogation of HnRNP L enhances anti-PD-1 therapy efficacy via diminishing PD-L1 and promoting CD8 + T cell-mediated ferroptosis in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:692-707. [PMID: 35256940 PMCID: PMC8897216 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to incurable castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) ultimately developing after treating with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), it is vital to devise new therapeutic strategies to treat CRPC. Treatments that target programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) have been approved for human cancers with clinical benefit. However, many patients, especially prostate cancer, fail to respond to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment, so it is an urgent need to seek a support strategy for improving the traditional PD-1/PD-L1 targeting immunotherapy. In the present study, analyzing the data from our prostate cancer tissue microarray, we found that PD-L1 expression was positively correlated with the expression of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (HnRNP L). Hence, we further investigated the potential role of HnRNP L on the PD-L1 expression, the sensitivity of cancer cells to T-cell killing and the synergistic effect with anti-PD-1 therapy in CRPC. Indeed, HnRNP L knockdown effectively decreased PD-L1 expression and recovered the sensitivity of cancer cells to T-cell killing in vitro and in vivo, on the contrary, HnRNP L overexpression led to the opposite effect in CRPC cells. In addition, consistent with the previous study, we revealed that ferroptosis played a critical role in T-cell-induced cancer cell death, and HnRNP L promoted the cancer immune escape partly through targeting YY1/PD-L1 axis and inhibiting ferroptosis in CRPC cells. Furthermore, HnRNP L knockdown enhanced antitumor immunity by recruiting infiltrating CD8+ T cells and synergized with anti-PD-1 therapy in CRPC tumors. This study provided biological evidence that HnRNP L knockdown might be a novel therapeutic agent in PD-L1/PD-1 blockade strategy that enhanced anti-tumor immune response in CRPC.
Collapse
Key Words
- ADT, androgen deprivation therapy
- Anti-PD-1 therapy
- CRPC, castration-resistant prostate cancer
- Castration-resistant prostate cancer
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- Fer-1, ferrostatin-1
- Ferroptosis
- GSH, glutathione
- HnRNP L
- HnRNP L, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L
- IL, interleukin
- INF-γ, interferon gamma
- Immune checkpoint blockade
- Immune escape
- PD-1, programmed cell death protein 1
- PD-L1
- PD-L1, programmed death ligand1
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription
- YY1
- qRT-PCR, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xumin Zhou
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Libin Zou
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Hangyu Liao
- Second Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Junqi Luo
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Taowei Yang
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Kaihui Wu
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Shengren Cen
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Daojun Lv
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Fangpeng Shu
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Chun Li
- Nursing Department, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 20 62782725; fax: +86 20 62782725.
| | - Bingkun Li
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 20 62782725; fax: +86 20 62782725.
| | - Xiangming Mao
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 20 62782725; fax: +86 20 62782725.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lim J, Sari-Ak D, Bagga T. Siglecs as Therapeutic Targets in Cancer. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1178. [PMID: 34827170 PMCID: PMC8615218 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypersialylation is a common post-translational modification of protein and lipids found on cancer cell surfaces, which participate in cell-cell interactions and in the regulation of immune responses. Sialic acids are a family of nine-carbon α-keto acids found at the outermost ends of glycans attached to cell surfaces. Given their locations on cell surfaces, tumor cells aberrantly overexpress sialic acids, which are recognized by Siglec receptors found on immune cells to mediate broad immunomodulatory signaling. Enhanced sialylation exposed on cancer cell surfaces is exemplified as "self-associated molecular pattern" (SAMP), which tricks Siglec receptors found on leukocytes to greatly down-regulate immune responsiveness, leading to tumor growth. In this review, we focused on all 15 human Siglecs (including Siglec XII), many of which still remain understudied. We also highlighted strategies that disrupt the course of Siglec-sialic acid interactions, such as antibody-based therapies and sialic acid mimetics leading to tumor cell depletion. Herein, we introduced the central roles of Siglecs in mediating pro-tumor immunity and discussed strategies that target these receptors, which could benefit improved cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jackwee Lim
- Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, 8a Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore;
| | - Duygu Sari-Ak
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, Turkey;
| | - Tanaya Bagga
- Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, 8a Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore;
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Batoon L, McCauley LK. Cross Talk Between Macrophages and Cancer Cells in the Bone Metastatic Environment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:763846. [PMID: 34803925 PMCID: PMC8597897 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.763846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The skeleton is a common site for cancer metastases with the bone microenvironment providing the appropriate conditions for cancer cell colonization. Once in bone, cancer cells effectively manipulate their microenvironment to support their growth and survival. Despite previous efforts to improve treatment modalities, skeletal metastases remain with poor prognoses. This warrants an improved understanding of the mechanisms leading to bone metastasis that will aid development of effective treatments. Macrophages in the tumor microenvironment are termed tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) and their crosstalk with cancer cells is critical in regulating tumorigenicity in multiple cancers. In bone metastases, this crosstalk is also being increasingly implicated but the specific signaling pathways remain incompletely understood. Here, we summarize the reported functions, interactions, and signaling of macrophages with cancer cells during the metastatic cascade to bone. Specifically, we review and discuss how these specific interactions impact macrophages and their profiles to promote tumor development. We also discuss the potential of targeting this crosstalk to inhibit disease progression. Finally, we identify the remaining knowledge gaps that will need to be addressed in order to fully consider therapeutic targeting to improve clinical outcomes in cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Batoon
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Bones and Immunology Group, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Laurie K. McCauley
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Interleukin-17 activates JAK2/STAT3, PI3K/Akt and nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway to promote the tumorigenesis of cervical cancer. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1291. [PMID: 34630646 PMCID: PMC8461522 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-17 has been regarded as a significant factor in inflammation. In addition, IL-17 is known to be involved in the progression of cancers; however, the function of IL-17 in cervical cancer remains unclear. In the present study, cell viability was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Quantitative PCR and western blotting were performed to detect gene and protein expression levels, respectively, in cancer cells or tissues. Ki-67 staining was used to evaluate cell proliferation. Wound-healing assay was used to detect cell migration. Moreover, Transwell assay was performed to investigate the invasion of cervical cancer cells. The results revealed that IL-17 significantly promoted the proliferation of cervical cancer cells. Additionally, IL-17 notably enhanced the migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells in vitro. IL-17 promoted the progression of cervical cancer via the activation of JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling. In conclusion, IL-17 was a key regulator during the progression of cervical cancer through the JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/Akt/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway, which may serve as a novel target for the treatment of cervical cancer.
Collapse
|
22
|
Lopez-Yrigoyen M, Cassetta L, Pollard JW. Macrophage targeting in cancer. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1499:18-41. [PMID: 32445205 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is not only determined by the intrinsic properties of cancer cells but also by their interactions with components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are among the most abundant immune cells in the TME. During initial stages of tumor development, macrophages can either directly promote antitumor responses by killing tumor cells or indirectly recruit and activate other immune cells. As genetic changes occur within the tumor or T helper 2 (TH 2) cells begin to dominate the TME, TAMs begin to exhibit an immunosuppressive protumor phenotype that promotes tumor progression, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. Thus, targeting TAMs has emerged as a strategy for cancer therapy. To date, TAM targeting strategies have focused on macrophage depletion and inhibition of their recruitment into the TME. However, these strategies have shown limited therapeutic efficacy, although trials are still underway with combination therapies. The fact that macrophages have the potential for antitumor activity has moved the TAM targeting field toward the development of TAM-reprogramming strategies to support this antitumor immune response. Here, we discuss the various roles of TAMs in cancer therapy and their immunosuppressive properties, as well as implications for emerging checkpoint inhibitor-based immunotherapies. We review state-of-the-art TAM-targeting strategies, focusing on current ones at the preclinical and clinical trial stages that aim to reprogram TAMs as an oncological therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martha Lopez-Yrigoyen
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Cassetta
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zheng H, Siddharth S, Parida S, Wu X, Sharma D. Tumor Microenvironment: Key Players in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Immunomodulation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133357. [PMID: 34283088 PMCID: PMC8269090 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complicated network composed of various cells, signaling molecules, and extra cellular matrix. TME plays a crucial role in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) immunomodulation and tumor progression, paradoxically, acting as an immunosuppressive as well as immunoreactive factor. Research regarding tumor immune microenvironment has contributed to a better understanding of TNBC subtype classification. Shall we treat patients precisely according to specific subtype classification? Moving beyond traditional chemotherapy, multiple clinical trials have recently implied the potential benefits of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy. In this review, we aimed to elucidate the paradoxical role of TME in TNBC immunomodulation, summarize the subtype classification methods for TNBC, and explore the synergistic mechanism of chemotherapy plus immunotherapy. Our study may provide a new direction for the development of combined treatment strategies for TNBC. Abstract Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease and is highly related to immunomodulation. As we know, the most effective approach to treat TNBC so far is still chemotherapy. Chemotherapy can induce immunogenic cell death, release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and tumor microenvironment (TME) remodeling; therefore, it will be interesting to investigate the relationship between chemotherapy-induced TME changes and TNBC immunomodulation. In this review, we focus on the immunosuppressive and immunoreactive role of TME in TNBC immunomodulation and the contribution of TME constituents to TNBC subtype classification. Further, we also discuss the role of chemotherapy-induced TME remodeling in modulating TNBC immune response and tumor progression with emphasis on DAMPs-associated molecules including high mobility group box1 (HMGB1), exosomes, and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1), which may provide us with new clues to explore effective combined treatment options for TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zheng
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer, Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430079, China
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (S.S.); (S.P.); (D.S.)
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Sumit Siddharth
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (S.S.); (S.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Sheetal Parida
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (S.S.); (S.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Xinhong Wu
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer, Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430079, China
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Dipali Sharma
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (S.S.); (S.P.); (D.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kähkönen TE, Halleen JM, Bernoulli J. Osteoimmuno-Oncology: Therapeutic Opportunities for Targeting Immune Cells in Bone Metastasis. Cells 2021; 10:1529. [PMID: 34204474 PMCID: PMC8233913 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies provide a potential treatment option for currently incurable bone metastases. Bone marrow is an important secondary lymphoid organ with a unique immune contexture. Even at non-disease state immune cells and bone cells interact with each other, bone cells supporting the development of immune cells and immune cells regulating bone turnover. In cancer, tumor cells interfere with this homeostatic process starting from formation of pre-metastatic niche and later supporting growth of bone metastases. In this review, we introduce a novel concept osteoimmuno-oncology (OIO), which refers to interactions between bone, immune and tumor cells in bone metastatic microenvironment. We also discuss therapeutic opportunities of targeting immune cells in bone metastases, and associated efficacy and safety concerns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jenni Bernoulli
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland;
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Checkpoint blockade therapies that target inhibitory receptors on T cells have revolutionized clinical oncology. Antibodies targeting CTLA-4 or the PD-1/PD-L1 axis are now successfully used alone or in combination with chemotherapy for numerous tumor types. Despite the clinical success of checkpoint blockade therapies, tumors exploit multiple mechanisms to escape or subvert the anti-tumor T cell response. Within the tumor microenvironment, tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) can suppress T cell responses and facilitate tumor growth in various ways, ultimately debilitating clinical responses to T cell checkpoint inhibitors. There is therefore significant interest in identifying biologicals and drugs that target immunosuppressive TAM within the tumor microenvironment and can be combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Here we review approaches that are currently being evaluated to convert immunosuppressive TAM into immunostimulatory macrophages that promote T cell responses and tumor elimination. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a major component of the tumor microenvironment that impact anti-tumor immune responses and susceptibility to checkpoint blockade. TAMs are very heterogeneous and can be either immunosuppressive or immunostimulatory. Here, Molgora and Colonna review current strategies that aim to reprogram TAMs to enhance rather than inhibit immune responses.
Collapse
|
26
|
Güç E, Pollard JW. Redefining macrophage and neutrophil biology in the metastatic cascade. Immunity 2021; 54:885-902. [PMID: 33979586 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells metastasize to distant organs through a complex series of events that are driven by tumor intrinsic and extrinsic factors. In particular, non-malignant stromal cells, including immune cells, modify tumor metastatic behavior. Of these cells, tumor-associated innate immune cells, particularly macrophages and neutrophils, suppress the cytotoxic activity of innate and adaptive killer cells and interact with tumor cells to promote their growth and malignancy. These findings in mouse cancer models suggest that targeting these sub-populations of immune cells holds therapeutic promise in treating metastatic disease. In this review, we describe the origin and role of the macrophages, neutrophils, and their progenitors in the metastatic cascade and suggest strategies that might enhance cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esra Güç
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells regulate the immunosuppressive functions of PD-1 -PD-L1 + Bregs through PD-L1/PI3K/AKT/NF-κB axis in breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:465. [PMID: 33967272 PMCID: PMC8107179 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03745-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous group of myeloid cells that are closely related to tumor immune escape, but the mechanism by which MDSCs regulate B cells has not been elucidated. Our previous studies revealed that breast cancer-derived MDSCs could induce a group of PD-1-PD-L1+ Bregs with immunosuppressive functions. Here, we reported that blocking PD-1/PD-L1 interaction between MDSCs and B cells could reverse the immunosuppressive functions of PD-1-PD-L1+ Bregs. The activation of PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway is essential for PD-1-PD-L1+ Bregs to exert immunosuppressive effects. MDSCs activated the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway in B cells via the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. Furthermore, inhibition of PD-1/PD-L1 or PI3K/AKT signaling suppressed both tumor growth and the immunosuppressive functions of PD-1-PD-L1+ Bregs. Dual suppression of PD-1/PD-L1 and PI3K/AKT exerted better antitumor effect. Finally, MDSCs and PD-1-PD-L1+ Bregs were colocalized in breast cancer tissues and PD-1-PD-L1+ Bregs were positively correlated with poor prognosis. Thus, MDSC-educated PD-1-PD-L1+ Bregs and their regulatory mechanisms could contribute to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Our study proposes a novel mechanism for MDSC-mediated regulation of B cell immunity, which might shed new light on tumor immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
28
|
Jin J, Li Y, Zhao Q, Chen Y, Fu S, Wu J. Coordinated regulation of immune contexture: crosstalk between STAT3 and immune cells during breast cancer progression. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:50. [PMID: 33957948 PMCID: PMC8101191 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00705-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying cancer development have revealed the tumor microenvironment (TME) immune cells to functionally affect the development and progression of breast cancer. However, insufficient evidence of TME immune modulators limit the clinical application of immunotherapy for advanced and metastatic breast cancers. Intercellular STAT3 activation of immune cells plays a central role in breast cancer TME immunosuppression and distant metastasis. Accumulating evidence suggests that targeting STAT3 and/or in combination with radiotherapy may enhance anti-cancer immune responses and rescue the systemic immunologic microenvironment in breast cancer. Indeed, apart from its oncogenic role in tumor cells, the functions of STAT3 in TME of breast cancer involve multiple types of immunosuppression and is associated with tumor cell metastasis. In this review, we summarize the available information on the functions of STAT3-related immune cells in TME of breast cancer, as well as the specific upstream and downstream targets. Additionally, we provide insights about the potential immunosuppression mechanisms of each type of evaluated immune cells. Video abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qijie Zhao
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Center of Excellence for Molecular Imaging (CEMI), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaozhi Fu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - JingBo Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. .,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. .,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
First Evidence for a Role of Siglec-8 in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042000. [PMID: 33670444 PMCID: PMC7922794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) are involved in various immune cell-mediated diseases. Their role in cancer is poorly investigated, and research focusses on Siglec-expression on immune cells interacting with tumor cells. This study evaluates the role of Siglec-8 in breast cancer (BC). Siglec-8 expression was analyzed immunohistochemically on 235 primary BC cases and was correlated with clinical and pathological parameters and outcome. Cell culture experiments were performed with various BC cell lines. Siglec-8 was expressed in 215 BC cases and expression was lowest in triple-negative BC. It correlated with estrogen receptor-status, grading and the prognostic factors galectin (Gal)-7 and tumor-associated mucin-1 (TA-MUC1). However, Gal-7 and TA-MUC1 were only prognosticators for clinical outcome in the cohort expressing high (Immunoreactivity score IRS > 3) Siglec-8 levels but not in the low-expressing cohort. Siglec-8 knockdown led to a significantly reduced Gal-7 expression in MCF7 cells. All BC cell lines expressed low Siglec-8-levels, that could be elevated in MCF7 by Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ)-stimulation. This study demonstrates that Siglec-8 is expressed in BC cells and correlates with known clinical and prognostic parameters. It is probably associated with Gal-7 and TA-MUC1 and might be regulated via PPARγ. Further analyses focusing on functional associations will clarify Siglec-8’s eligibility as a possible therapeutic target.
Collapse
|
30
|
Liu Y, Xia Y, Qiu CH. Functions of CD169 positive macrophages in human diseases (Review). Biomed Rep 2020; 14:26. [PMID: 33408860 PMCID: PMC7780751 DOI: 10.3892/br.2020.1402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CD169+ macrophages are a unique type of macrophage subset that differ from M1 and M2 macrophages. CD169+ macrophages are present in multiple tissues and organs throughout the body and are primarily expressed in secondary lymphoid organs. These cells are primarily divided across three locations in secondary lymphoid organs: The metallophilic marginal zone of the spleen, the subcapsular sinus and the medulla of the lymph nodes. Due to their unique location distribution in vivo and the presence of the CD169 molecule on their surfaces, CD169+ macrophages are reported to serve important roles in several processes, such as phagocytosis, antigen presentation, immune tolerance, viral infection and inflammatory responses. At the same time, it has been reported that CD169+ macrophages may also serve an important role in anti-tumour immunity. The present review focuses on the research progress surrounding the function of CD169+ macrophages in a variety of diseases, such as viral infection, autoimmune diseases and tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Xia
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Hong Qiu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gou L, Yue GGL, Puno PT, Lau CBS. A review on the relationship of mast cells and macrophages in breast cancer - Can herbs or natural products facilitate their anti-tumor effects? Pharmacol Res 2020; 164:105321. [PMID: 33285235 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is an inflammation-related cancer whose tumor microenvironment is largely infiltrated by inflammatory cells. These inflammatory cells including mast cells and macrophages have been elucidated to be vital participants in breast tumor proliferation, survival, invasion and migration. However, the functions of mast cells and macrophages in breast cancer are quite distinct based on recent data. Mast cells exhibit both anti-tumoral and pro-tumoral functions on breast cancer, while high number of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are strongly correlated with poor prognosis and higher risk of distant metastasis in breast cancer patients. Besides, many natural products/extracts have been reported to regulate mast cells and macrophages. In this review, the roles of mast cells and macrophages play in breast cancer are discussed and a summary of those natural products/herbs regulating the functions of mast cells or macrophages is also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Grace Gar-Lee Yue
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, HKSAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, HKSAR, China
| | - Pema Tenzin Puno
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
| | - Clara Bik-San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, HKSAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, HKSAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Liu Q, Ai B, Kong X, Wang X, Qi Y, Wang Z, Fang Y, Wang J. JAK2 expression is correlated with the molecular and clinical features of breast cancer as a favorable prognostic factor. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 90:107186. [PMID: 33290964 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Janus kinases are a family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases involved in autoimmune diseases and malignancies. In breast cancer, the immune related role of JAK2 remains unclear. We aimed to investigate its role at transcriptome level and its relationship with the clinical outcome of breast cancer. This study enrolled a total of 2994 breast cancer samples with transcriptome data, including 1090 samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and 1904 from the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC). JAK2 expression was significantly upregulated in both PR positive group (P < 0.01) and HER2 negative group (P < 0.01), and was correlated with American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage and tumor malignancies of breast cancer. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that genes correlated with JAK2 were mainly involved in essential functions associated with immune response. Intriguingly, we investigated the association between JAK2 and immune modulators in pan-cancer, JAK2 expression was positively correlated with most of these immune modulators. In clinical aspect, higher expression of JAK2 was an independent indicator of favorable prognosis in breast cancer patients. The expression of JAK2 is tightly related to the pathology and molecular pathology of breast cancer, and synergistic with other checkpoint members thereby playing a specific role in regulating tumor immune microenvironment. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most comprehensive study characterizing the expression pattern of JAK2 and its special immune functions together with its prognostic values in breast cancer. These findings might shed novel sights for future research in cancer immunotherapy by targeting immune checkpoint molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Bolun Ai
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyi Kong
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihang Qi
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongzhao Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Björk Gunnarsdottir F, Auoja N, Bendahl PO, Rydén L, Fernö M, Leandersson K. Co-localization of CD169 + macrophages and cancer cells in lymph node metastases of breast cancer patients is linked to improved prognosis and PDL1 expression. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1848067. [PMID: 33299660 PMCID: PMC7714471 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1848067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer in women worldwide. Although the survival among breast cancer patients has improved, there is still a large group of patients with dismal prognosis. One of the most important prognostic factors for poor prognosis is lymph node metastasis. Increasing knowledge concerning the lymph nodes of breast cancer patients indicates that they are affected by the primary tumor. In this study we show that presence of CD169+ subcapsular sinus macrophages in contact with lymph node metastases in breast cancer patients, is related to better prognosis after adjuvant tamoxifen treatment, but only in patients with PDL1+ primary tumors. This is in contrast to the prognostic effect of CD169+ primary tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). We further show that CD169+ macrophages were spatially associated with expression of PDL1 on nearby cells, both in primary tumors and metastatic lymph node, although PDL1 expression in metastatic lymph node as such did not have further prognostic impact. Our data suggest that CD169+ resident lymph node macrophages have a unique function in targeting immune responses against breast cancer and should be further investigated in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathalie Auoja
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Pär-Ola Bendahl
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lisa Rydén
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mårten Fernö
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Leandersson
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
High salt diet may promote progression of breast tumor through eliciting immune response. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 87:106816. [PMID: 32721893 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary patterns are believed to regulate tumor progression by altering the tumor microenvironment. Of note, a high salt diet is a risk factor for various diseases. However, the role of high salt intake in the progression of cancers remains unknown. METHODS We constructed an in vivo high salt diet model in MMTV-PyVT mice with spontaneous tumor-forming properties to explore the role of a high salt diet in the progression of breast cancer as well as the modulation of the tumor microenvironment. Also, in vitro experiments were performed to understand the mechanism. RESULTS High salt diet accelerated the development (P < 0.05) and lung metastasis (P < 0.05) of breast cancer in MMTV-PyVT mice, compared to the normal diet model. Moreover, higher frequency of Th17 cells in circulation, tumor tissue and draining lymph node tissue were observed in the high salt diet model (P < 0.05 for all). In vitro, co-culture with Th17 cells facilitated the proliferation, migration and invasion of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, while these enhanced aggressive behaviors could be reversed by application of 1,25-vitamin D3 which could inhibit the differentiation of Th17 cells (P < 0.001 for all). In vitro, co-culture with Th17 cells activated MAPK signaling in MCF-7 cells (P < 0.001 for all). Consistently, activated MAPK/ERK signaling was observed by immunohistochemistry in breast cancer cell nodes in the high salt diet model (P < 0.05 for all). Mechanistically, higher level of IL-17F could be detected in breast tumors and serum from the high salt diet model through qRT-PCR and ELISA (P < 0.05 for all). IL-17F treatment facilitated the proliferation, migration and invasion of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and activated MAPK/ERK signaling in MCF-7 cells (P < 0.001 for all). Moreover, the tumor-promoting function induced by Th17 cells and IL-17F could be inhibited by the administration of ERK inhibitor (sch772894) (P < 0.001 for all). Lastly, high concentration NaCl-induced Th17 cells promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and activated MAPK/ERK signaling in MCF-7 cells which could be inhibited by neutralizing anti-IL-17F (P < 0.001 for all). CONCLUSION High salt intake accelerates the growth of breast cancer and facilitates lung metastasis, as well as increases the level of Th17 cells. Increased Th17 cells might promote the growth of breast cancer via the secretion of IL-17F to activate the MAPK signaling pathway in breast cancer cells.
Collapse
|
35
|
Liu M, Sun Q, Wei F, Ren X. Comprehensive insights into the effects and regulatory mechanisms of immune cells expressing programmed death-1/programmed death ligand 1 in solid tumors. Cancer Biol Med 2020; 17:626-639. [PMID: 32944395 PMCID: PMC7476099 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) signaling pathway is an important mechanism in tumor immune escape, and expression of PD-L1 on tumor cells has been reported more frequently. However, accumulating evidence suggests that PD-1/PD-L1 is also widely expressed on immune cells, and that regulation is also critical for tumor immune responses. In this review, we emphasized that under solid tumor conditions, the immunoregulatory effects of immune cells expressing PD-1 or PD-L1, affected the prognoses of cancer patients. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms that regulate PD-1 or PD-L1 expression on immune cells would provide clear insights into the increased efficacy of anti-PD antibodies and the development of novel tumor immunotherapy strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| |
Collapse
|