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Yang YN, Zhan JG, Cao Y, Wu CM. From ancient wisdom to modern science: Gut microbiota sheds light on property theory of traditional Chinese medicine. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2024; 22:413-444. [PMID: 38937158 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The property theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been practiced for thousands of years, playing a pivotal role in the clinical application of TCM. While advancements in energy metabolism, chemical composition analysis, machine learning, ion current modeling, and supercritical fluid technology have provided valuable insight into how aspects of TCM property theory may be measured, these studies only capture specific aspects of TCM property theory in isolation, overlooking the holistic perspective inherent in TCM. To systematically investigate the modern interpretation of the TCM property theory from multidimensional perspectives, we consulted the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition) to compile a list of Chinese materia medica (CMM). Then, using the Latin names of each CMM and gut microbiota as keywords, we searched the PubMed database for relevant research on gut microbiota and CMM. The regulatory patterns of different herbs on gut microbiota were then summarized from the perspectives of the four natures, the five flavors and the meridian tropism. In terms of the four natures, we found that warm-natured medicines promoted the colonization of specific beneficial bacteria, while cold-natured medicines boosted populations of some beneficial bacteria while suppressing pathogenic bacteria. Analysis of the five flavors revealed that sweet-flavored and bitter-flavored CMMs positively influenced beneficial bacteria while inhibiting harmful bacteria. CMMs with different meridian tropism exhibited complex modulative patterns on gut microbiota, with Jueyin (Liver) and Taiyin (Lung) meridian CMMs generally exerting a stronger effect. The gut microbiota may be a biological indicator for characterizing the TCM property theory, which not only enhances our understanding of classic TCM theory but also contributes to its scientific advancement and application in healthcare. Please cite this article as: Yang YN, Zhan JG, Cao Y, Wu CM. From ancient wisdom to modern science: Gut microbiota sheds light on property theory of traditional Chinese medicine. J Integr Med 2024; 22(4): 413-445.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jia-Guo Zhan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ying Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Chong-Ming Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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Yang Y, Liu S, Jin W, Qu Z, Fan B. The Molecular Mechanism of FABP4 Inhibition Effects of GAS and 4-HBA in Gastrodia elata Blume Was Discussed Based on NMR and Molecular Docking. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2024; 2024:6599029. [PMID: 38751858 PMCID: PMC11095988 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6599029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
To isolate gastrodin (GAS), 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (4-HBA), and phenolic compounds from Chinese medicine Gastrodia elata Blume, and to explore the binding mode of fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4/aP2) that is closely related to macrophage inflammation, we study their anti-inflammatory targets. After the ultrasonic extraction of the main active components with 70% ethanol, three resins and three eluents were selected, and eight phenolic monomers with similar structures, such as gastrodin and 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, were isolated from Gastrodia elata by AB-8 macroporous resin and silica gel column chromatography and eluted with the CHCl3-MeOH gradient. Their structures were identified by HPLC and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The FABP4 protein was added to GAS and 4-HBA, and the NMR experiment was performed to observe ligand binding. Finally, according to the spectral information of STD-NMR and molecular docking technology, the interaction between ligands and protein was studied. The fluorescence competition experiment confirmed that both GAS and 4-HBA were in the binding cavity of FABP4. Moreover, 3-phenoxy-2-phenylbenzoic acid (PPA) is a possible inhibitor of FABP4, reducing macrophage-related inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress. This work provides a new basis for the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Gastrodia elata, paving the way for the research and development of FABP4 inhibitor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Yang
- Hubei University of Science and Technology, No. 88, Xianning Avenue, Xianan District, Xianning 437000, China
| | - Shihan Liu
- Hubei University of Science and Technology, No. 88, Xianning Avenue, Xianan District, Xianning 437000, China
| | - Wenfang Jin
- Hubei University of Science and Technology, No. 88, Xianning Avenue, Xianan District, Xianning 437000, China
| | - Zengyi Qu
- Hubei University of Science and Technology, No. 88, Xianning Avenue, Xianan District, Xianning 437000, China
| | - Baolei Fan
- Hubei University of Science and Technology, No. 88, Xianning Avenue, Xianan District, Xianning 437000, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, Hubei University of Science and Technology, No.88, Xianning Avenue, Xianan District, Xianning 437000, China
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Sun GF, Qu XH, Jiang LP, Chen ZP, Wang T, Han XJ. The mechanisms of natural products for eye disorders by targeting mitochondrial dysfunction. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1270073. [PMID: 38725662 PMCID: PMC11079200 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1270073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The human eye is susceptible to various disorders that affect its structure or function, including glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Mitochondrial dysfunction has been identified as a critical factor in the pathogenesis and progression of eye disorders, making it a potential therapeutic target in the clinic. Natural products have been used in traditional medicine for centuries and continue to play a significant role in modern drug development and clinical therapeutics. Recently, there has been a surge in research exploring the efficacy of natural products in treating eye disorders and their underlying physiological mechanisms. This review aims to discuss the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in eye disorders and summarize the recent advances in the application of natural products targeting mitochondria. In addition, we describe the future perspective and challenges in the development of mitochondria-targeting natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Feng Sun
- Institute of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin-Hui Qu
- Institute of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
- The Second Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Li-Ping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhi-Ping Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Han
- Institute of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
- The Second Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
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Li Y, Ji Y, Li F. A review: Mechanism and prospect of gastrodin in prevention and treatment of T2DM and COVID-19. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21218. [PMID: 37954278 PMCID: PMC10637887 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrodin is an extract from the dried tuber of the Chinese herb Gastrodia elata (Tian ma), with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral properties. Recent studies have shown that, compared to commonly used diabetes drugs, gastrodin has antidiabetic effects in multiple ways, with characteristics of low cost, high safety, less side effects, protection of β-cell function, relieving insulin resistance and alleviating multiple complications. In addition, it is confirmed that gastrodin can protect the function of lung and other organs, enhance antiviral activity via upregulating the type I interferon (IFN-I), and inhibit angiotensin II (AngII), a key factor in "cytokine storm" caused by COVID-19. Therefore, we reviewed the effect and mechanism of gastrodin on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and speculated other potential mechanisms of gastrodin in alleviating insulin resistance from insulin signal pathway, inflammation, mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum and its potential in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. We hope to provide new direction and treatment strategy for basic research and clinical work: gastrodin is considered as a drug for the prevention and treatment of diabetes and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ji
- Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fenglan Li
- Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Xiao G, Tang R, Yang N, Chen Y. Review on pharmacological effects of gastrodin. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:744-770. [PMID: 37749449 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01463-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Gastrodia elata Blume is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine that is mainly used to treat diseases related to the nervous system, such as stroke, epilepsy, and headache. Gastrodin is the main bioactive component of Gastrodia elata Blume, and studies have shown that it has extensive pharmacological activity. This narrative review aims to systematically review relevant studies on the pharmacological effects of gastrodin to provide researchers with the latest and most useful information. Studies have shown that gastrodin has prominent neuroprotective effects and can treat or improve epilepsy, Tourette syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, emotional disorders, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, cognitive impairment, and neuropathic pain. Gastrodin can also improve myocardial hypertrophy, hypertension, and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. In addition, gastrodin can mitigate liver, kidney, and bone tissue damage caused by oxidative stress and inflammation. In short, gastrodin is expected to treat many diseases, and it is worth investing more effort in research on this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guirong Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rong Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Hospital of Stomatology, Chengdu, 610031, China.
| | - Nan Yang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yanhua Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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Jing J, Guo J, Dai R, Zhu C, Zhang Z. Targeting gut microbiota and immune crosstalk: potential mechanisms of natural products in the treatment of atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1252907. [PMID: 37719851 PMCID: PMC10504665 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1252907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory reaction that primarily affects large and medium-sized arteries. It is a major cause of cardiovascular disease and peripheral arterial occlusive disease. The pathogenesis of AS involves specific structural and functional alterations in various populations of vascular cells at different stages of the disease. The immune response is involved throughout the entire developmental stage of AS, and targeting immune cells presents a promising avenue for its treatment. Over the past 2 decades, studies have shown that gut microbiota (GM) and its metabolites, such as trimethylamine-N-oxide, have a significant impact on the progression of AS. Interestingly, it has also been reported that there are complex mechanisms of action between GM and their metabolites, immune responses, and natural products that can have an impact on AS. GM and its metabolites regulate the functional expression of immune cells and have potential impacts on AS. Natural products have a wide range of health properties, and researchers are increasingly focusing on their role in AS. Now, there is compelling evidence that natural products provide an alternative approach to improving immune function in the AS microenvironment by modulating the GM. Natural product metabolites such as resveratrol, berberine, curcumin, and quercetin may improve the intestinal microenvironment by modulating the relative abundance of GM, which in turn influences the accumulation of GM metabolites. Natural products can delay the progression of AS by regulating the metabolism of GM, inhibiting the migration of monocytes and macrophages, promoting the polarization of the M2 phenotype of macrophages, down-regulating the level of inflammatory factors, regulating the balance of Treg/Th17, and inhibiting the formation of foam cells. Based on the above, we describe recent advances in the use of natural products that target GM and immune cells crosstalk to treat AS, which may bring some insights to guide the treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Jing
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Dai
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chaojun Zhu
- Institute of TCM Ulcers, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Surgical Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Institute of TCM Ulcers, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Surgical Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Zhang Y, Chen Y, Yuan S, Yu Q, Fu J, Chen L, Liu J, He Y. Effect of gastrodin against cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration in APP/PS1 mice via regulating gut microbiota-gut-brain axis. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:1661-1673. [PMID: 37199774 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06632-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Gastrodin (Gas) has exhibited protective activity in neurological disorders. Here, we investigated the neuroprotective effect and potential mechanisms of Gas against cognitive impairment via regulating gut microbiota. APPswe/PSEN1dE9 transgenic (APP/PS1) mice were treated intragastrically with Gas for 4 weeks, and then cognitive deficits, deposits of amyloid-β (Aβ) and phosphorylation of tau were analyzed. The expression levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) pathway-related proteins, such as cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), were detected. Meanwhile, gut microbiota composition was evaluated. Our results showed that Gas treatment significantly improved cognitive deficits and Aβ deposition in APP/PS1 mice. Moreover, Gas treatment increased the level of Bcl-2 and decreased level of Bax and ultimately inhibited neuronal apoptosis. Gas treatment markedly increased the expression levels of IGF-1 and CREB in APP/PS1 mice. Moreover, Gas treatment improved abnormal composition and structure of gut microbiota in APP/PS1 mice. These findings revealed that Gas actively participated in regulating the IGF-1 pathway to inhibit neuronal apoptosis via the gut-brain axis and that it can be considered a new therapeutic strategy against Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhe Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Shaoxing, 311899, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shushu Yuan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingxia Yu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianjiong Fu
- Department of Neurology, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Shaoxing, 311899, Zhejiang, China
| | - Luyun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Shaoxing, 311899, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaming Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yuping He
- Department of Neurology, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Shaoxing, 311899, Zhejiang, China.
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Huang HS, Lin YE, Panyod S, Chen RA, Lin YC, Chai LMX, Hsu CC, Wu WK, Lu KH, Huang YJ, Sheen LY. Anti-depressive-like and cognitive impairment alleviation effects of Gastrodia elata Blume water extract is related to gut microbiome remodeling in ApoE -/- mice exposed to unpredictable chronic mild stress. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 302:115872. [PMID: 36343797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Gastrodia elata Blume (GE) is a traditional Chinese dietary therapy used to treat neurological disorders. Gastrodia elata Blume water extract (WGE) has been shown to ameliorate inflammation and improve social frustration in mice in a chronic social defeat model. However, studies on the anti-depressive-like effects and cognitive impairment alleviation related to the impact of WGE on the gut microbiome of ApoE-/- mice remain elusive. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to investigate the anti-depressive-like effect and cognitive impairment alleviation and mechanisms of WGE in ApoE-/- mice subjected to unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS), as well as its impact on the gut microbiome of the mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty ApoE-/- mice (6 months old) were randomly grouped into six groups: control, UCMS, WGE groups [5, 10, 20 mL WGE/kg body weight (bw) + UCMS], and a positive group (fluoxetine 20 mg/kg bw + UCMS). After four weeks of the UCMS paradigm, the sucrose preference, novel object recognition, and open field tests were conducted. The neurotransmitters serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA) and their metabolites were measured in the prefrontal cortex. Serum was collected to measure corticosterone and amyloid-42 (Aβ-42) levels. Feces were collected, and the gut microbiome was analyzed. RESULTS WGE restored sucrose preference, exploratory behavior, recognition ability, and decreased the levels of serum corticosterone and Aβ-42 in ApoE-/- mice to alleviate depressive-like behavior and cognitive impairment. Furthermore, WGE regulated the monoamine neurotransmitter via reduced the 5-HT and DA turnover rates in the prefrontal cortex. Moreover, WGE elevated the levels of potentially beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia, Alloprevotella, Defluviitaleaceae_UCG-011, and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum as well as balanced fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). CONCLUSION WGE demonstrates anti-depressive-like effects, cognitive impairment alleviation, and gut microbiome and metabolite regulation in ApoE-/- mice. Our results support the possibility of developing a functional and complementary medicine to prevent or alleviate depression and cognitive decline using WGE in CVDs patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Syuan Huang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-En Lin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Suraphan Panyod
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Rou-An Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Cheng Lin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | | | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Kai Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Kuan-Hung Lu
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yun-Ju Huang
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Lee-Yan Sheen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Food and Biomolecules, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; National Center for Food Safety Education and Research, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wen Y, Zhang X, Wei L, Wu M, Cheng Y, Zheng H, Shen A, Fu C, Ali F, Long L, Lu Y, Li J, Peng J. Gastrodin attenuates renal injury and collagen deposition via suppression of the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway based on network pharmacology analysis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1082281. [PMID: 36733505 PMCID: PMC9887022 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1082281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Gastrodin has been widely used clinically in China as an antihypertensive drug. However, its effect on hypertensive renal injury is yet to be elucidated. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of gastrodin on hypertensive renal injury and its underlying mechanisms by network pharmacology analysis and validation in vivo and in vitro. Methods: A total of 10 spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were randomly categorized into the following two groups: SHR and SHR + Gastrodin groups. Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were used as the control group (n = 5). The SHR + Gastrodin group was intragastrically administered gastrodin (3.5 mg/kg/day), and the rats in both WKY and SHR groups were intragastrically administered an equal amount of double-distilled water for 10 weeks. Hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's trichrome, and Sirius red staining were used to detect the pathological changes and collagen content in the renal tissues. Network pharmacology analysis was performed to explore its potential targets and related pathways. In vitro, the CCK-8 assay was used to determine the cell viability. Immunohistochemistry and western-blotting analyses were employed to assess the protein expression associated with renal fibrosis and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) pathway-related proteins in the renal tissues or in TGF-β1-stimulated rat kidney fibroblast cell lines (NRK-49F). Results: Gastrodin treatment attenuates renal injury and pathological alterations in SHRs, including glomerular sclerosis and atrophy, epithelial cell atrophy, and tubular dilation. Gastrodin also reduced the accumulation of collagen in the renal tissues of SHRs, which were confirmed by downregulation of α-SMA, collagen I, collagen III protein expression. Network pharmacology analysis identified TGFB1 and SMAD2 as two of lead candidate targets of gastrodin on against hypertensive renal injury. Consistently, gastrodin treatment downregulated the increase of the protein expression of TGF-β1, and ratios of both p-Smad2/Smad2 and p-Samd3/Smad3 in renal tissues of SHRs. In vitro, gastrodin (25-100 μM) treatment significantly reversed the upregulation of α-SMA, fibronectin, collagen I, as well as p-Smad2 and p-Smad3 protein expressions without affecting the cell viability of TGF-β1 stimulated NRK-49F cells. Conclusion: Gastrodin treatment significantly attenuates hypertensive renal injury and renal fibrosis and suppresses TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lihui Wei
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China,Innovation and Transformation Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meizhu Wu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huifang Zheng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China
| | - Aling Shen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China,Innovation and Transformation Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Changgeng Fu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Farman Ali
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China
| | - Linzi Long
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiapeng Li
- Department of Physical Education, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,*Correspondence: Jiapeng Li, ; Jun Peng,
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China,*Correspondence: Jiapeng Li, ; Jun Peng,
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Zeng J, Yang K, Nie H, Yuan L, Wang S, Zeng L, Ge A, Ge J. The mechanism of intestinal microbiota regulating immunity and inflammation in ischemic stroke and the role of natural botanical active ingredients in regulating intestinal microbiota: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:114026. [PMID: 36436491 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota is a unique ecosystem, known as the "second genome" of human beings. With the widespread application of next generation sequencing (NGS), especially 16 S rRNA and shotgun sequencing, numerous studies have shown that dysregulation of intestinal microbiota is associated with many central nervous system diseases. Ischemic stroke (IS) is a cerebrovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality. Brain damage in IS affects intestinal function, and intestinal dysfunction further aggravates brain damage, forming a vicious circle of mutual interference in pathology. The microbiota-gut-brain axis study based on the intestinal microbiota has opened up broader ideas for exploring its pathogenesis and risk factors, and also provided more possibilities for the selection of therapeutic targets for this type of drug. This review discussed the application of NGS technology in the study of intestinal microbiota and the research progress of microbiota-gut-brain axis in recent years, and systematically sorts out the literature on the relationship between ischemic stroke and intestinal microbiota. It starts with the characteristics of microbiota-gut-brain axis' bidirectional regulation, respectively discusses the high risk factors of IS under intestinal microbiota imbalance and the physiological and pathological changes of intestinal microbiota after IS, and summarizes the related targets, in order to provide reliable reference for the treatment of IS from intestinal microbiota. In addition, natural botanical active ingredients have achieved good results in the treatment of IS based on regulating the homeostasis of gut microbiota, providing new evidence for studying the potential targets and therapies of IS based on the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Zeng
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kailin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha City, China..
| | - Huifang Nie
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha City, China
| | - Le Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha City, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha City, China
| | - Liuting Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha City, China..
| | - Anqi Ge
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jinwen Ge
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha City, China.; Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China..
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11
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Liu M, Shi W, Huang Y, Wu Y, Wu K. Intestinal flora: A new target for traditional Chinese medicine to improve lipid metabolism disorders. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1134430. [PMID: 36937840 PMCID: PMC10014879 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1134430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism disorders (LMD) can cause a series of metabolic diseases, including hyperlipidemia, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and atherosclerosis (AS). Its development is caused by more pathogenic factors, among which intestinal flora dysbiosis is considered to be an important pathogenic mechanism of LMD. In recent years, the research on intestinal flora has made great progress, opening up new perspectives on the occurrence and therapeutic effects of diseases. With its complex composition and wide range of targets, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is widely used to prevent and treat LMD. This review takes intestinal flora as a target, elaborates on the scientific connotation of TCM in the treatment of LMD, updates the therapeutic thinking of LMD, and provides a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yefang Huang
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yeke Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Keming Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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12
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Wang D, Wang JX, Yan C, Liu Y, Liu H, Li D, Zhu J, Luo ZB, Han SZ, Jin ZY, Chang SY, Yang LH, Kang JD, Quan LH. Gastrodia elata Blume extract improves high-fat diet-induced type 2 diabetes by regulating gut microbiota and bile acid profile. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1091712. [PMID: 36532435 PMCID: PMC9756436 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1091712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to characterize the anti-type 2 diabetes (T2D) effects of Gastrodia elata Blume extract (GEBE) and determine whether these are mediated through modification of the gut microbiota and bile acids. Mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD), with or without GEBE, and we found that GEBE significantly ameliorated the HFD-induced hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and inflammation by upregulating glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and inhibiting the toll-like receptor 4-nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathway in white adipose tissue (WAT). In addition, we found that GEBE increased the abundance of Faecalibaculum and Lactobacillus, and altered the serum bile acid concentrations, with a significant increase in deoxycholic acid. The administration of combined antibiotics to mice to eliminate their intestinal microbiota caused a loss of the protective effects of GEBE. Taken together, these findings suggest that GEBE ameliorates T2D by increasing GLUT4 expression in WAT, remodeling the gut microbiota, and modifying serum bile acid concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqi Wang
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Jun-Xia Wang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Chunri Yan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Yize Liu
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Hongye Liu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Dongxu Li
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Zhao-Bo Luo
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Sheng-Zhong Han
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Zheng-Yun Jin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Shuang-Yan Chang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Liu-Hui Yang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Jin-Dan Kang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Lin-Hu Quan
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
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13
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Ding X, Liu Z, Liu Y, Xu B, Chen J, Pu J, Wu D, Yu H, Jin C, Wang X. Comprehensive evaluation of the mechanism of Gastrodia elata Blume in ameliorating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury based on integrating fecal metabonomics and 16S rDNA sequencing. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1026627. [PMID: 36389137 PMCID: PMC9648199 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1026627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrodia elata Blume was used to treat stroke and headaches caused by "Feng" for thousands of years. The present study has shown a significant effect of G. elata Blume in improving cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). However, the mechanism of G. elata Blume in improving CIRI by regulating the intestinal flora has not been reported until now. This research aimed to comprehensively evaluate the mechanism of G. elata Blume in CIRI based on fecal metabolomics and 16S rDNA sequencing. The rat model with CIRI was created based on the Zea Longa method. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to monitor the inflammatory factors in rat serum. Damages of brain tissues were observed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Cerebral infarction was observed by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. The balance of intestinal flora in cecal contents of rats was evaluated by high-throughput sequencing. Changes of metabolites in the intestinal flora were evaluated by fecal metabolomics through Ultra high performance liquid chromatography-orbitrap exploris-mass spectrometer (UHPLC-OE-MS). The area of brain necrosis, cerebral infarction volume, and the contents of inflammatory factors in CIRI rats can be effectively reduced after oral administration of G. elata Blume. CIRI can cause disturbances in the intestinal flora and its associated metabolites. G. elata Blume can significantly regulate the composition of the intestinal microflora. It reversed CIRI-induced changes in the levels of multiple intestinal bacteria, including Prevotellaceae, Coriobacteriaceae; Prevotella, Gamma proteobacteria unclassified, Barnesiella, Escherichia, Shigella; uncultured Shigella sp., Flavonifractor sp., Escherichia sp. enrichment culture clone NBAR004, Veillonella sp. R-32, and Lactobacillus intestinalis. The levels of metabolites in cecal contents were disturbed in rats with CIRI, including amino acid, purine, and sphingolipid metabolism. The changes in the level of biomarkers in amino acid metabolism induced by CIRI were significantly reversed after treatment with G. elata Blume. Correlation studies show that Prevotellaceae was significantly positively correlated with interleukin (IL)-6, and L. intestinalis and L-phenylalanine were negatively interrelated to IL-1β. Beta-glycerophosphoric acid was significantly negatively interrelated to high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). There were significantly negative correlations between L-phenylalanine and L. intestinalis, beta-glycerophosphoric acid and Prevotellaceae. G. elata Blume protected against CIRI, which may be related to improved intestinal microflora composition and metabolism, resulting in decreased inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximeng Ding
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China,Heritage Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Processing Technology of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (NATCM), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China,Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department Anhui University of Chinese Medicine (ACUM), Hefei, China
| | - Zilu Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China,Heritage Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Processing Technology of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (NATCM), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China,Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department Anhui University of Chinese Medicine (ACUM), Hefei, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China,Heritage Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Processing Technology of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (NATCM), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China,Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department Anhui University of Chinese Medicine (ACUM), Hefei, China
| | - Baiyang Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China,Heritage Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Processing Technology of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (NATCM), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China,Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department Anhui University of Chinese Medicine (ACUM), Hefei, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department Anhui University of Chinese Medicine (ACUM), Hefei, China
| | - Jingzhe Pu
- Anhui Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hefei, China
| | - Deling Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, BoZhou University, Bozhou, China
| | - Chuanshan Jin
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China,Heritage Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Processing Technology of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (NATCM), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China,Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department Anhui University of Chinese Medicine (ACUM), Hefei, China,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces of New Manufacturing Technology, Bozhou, China,*Correspondence: Chuanshan Jin, ; Xiaoli Wang,
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China,Heritage Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Processing Technology of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (NATCM), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China,Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department Anhui University of Chinese Medicine (ACUM), Hefei, China,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces of New Manufacturing Technology, Bozhou, China,*Correspondence: Chuanshan Jin, ; Xiaoli Wang,
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14
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Wang A, Guan B, Shao C, Zhao L, Li Q, Hao H, Gao Z, Chen K, Hou Y, Xu H. Qing-Xin-Jie-Yu Granule alleviates atherosclerosis by reshaping gut microbiota and metabolic homeostasis of ApoE-/- mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 103:154220. [PMID: 35675748 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis (AS) is a key pathological factor in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is characterized by high mortality and morbidity worldwide. Metabolic disorders, including pathoglycemia and dyslipidemia that lead to chronic inflammation, represent the prominent pathological characteristics of atherosclerotic CVD, Qing-Xin-Jie-Yu Granule (QXJYG) is a Chinese traditional decoction that has been clinically proven to be effective for patients with CVD. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been completely elucidated. PURPOSE To investigate the protective effects of QXJYG against AS and its potential mechanisms. METHODS QXJYG was orally administered at doses of 1.664 and 4.992 g·kg-1·d-1 in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced AS model using ApoE-/- mice. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses, ELISA, untargeted and targeted metabolomics analysis, 16S rRNA analysis, and RT-qPCR were performed to identify the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of QXJYG in treating HFD-induced AS. RESULTS QXJYG retarded HFD-induced weight gain and reduced the increased serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, whereas high-dose QXJYG increased the serum level of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in HFD-fed ApoE-/- mice. Meanwhile, QXJYG reduced the serum levels, as well as aortas mRNA levels of the inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-6, which indicates that QXJYG is effective against metaflammation. Mechanistically, QXJYG reshaped the gut microbiota and its associated bile acids (BAs) metabolomic phenotype, partly by increasing the levels of BA synthesis enzymes, hepatic CYP7A1, and CYP27A1, while decreasing ileal FGF15 and β-Klotho mRNA expression, favoring facilitated de novo BAs synthesis and thereby driving cholesterol catabolic excretion. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that QXJYG is effective against HFD-triggered chronic inflammation, and contributes to the alleviation of AS development, and the antiatherogenic properties of QXJYG may be partly due to the remodeling of the gut microbiota and BA metabolism. Although the results are encouraging, further clinical studies of anti-AS herbal medicines are required to elucidate the full potential of the gut microbiota and BA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anlu Wang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing 100091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Baoyi Guan
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing 100091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Chang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing 100091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Qiuyi Li
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing 100091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhuye Gao
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing 100091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Keji Chen
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing 100091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yuanlong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Hao Xu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing 100091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing 100091, China.
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15
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Zhao W, Wang J, Latta M, Wang C, Liu Y, Ma W, Zhou Z, Hu S, Chen P, Liu Y. Rhizoma Gastrodiae Water Extract Modulates the Gut Microbiota and Pathological Changes of P-TauThr231 to Protect Against Cognitive Impairment in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:903659. [PMID: 35910384 PMCID: PMC9335362 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.903659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrodiae Rhizoma and its active constituents are known to exhibit neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the effect of Rhizoma Gastrodiae water extract (WERG) on AD and the detailed mechanism of action remain unclear. In this study, the mechanism of action of WERG was investigated by the microbiome–gut–brain axis using a D-galactose (D-gal)/AlCl3-induced AD mouse model. WERG improved the cognitive impairment of D-gal/AlCl3-induced mice. The expression level of p-Tauthr231 in the WERG-H treatment group was decreased, and p-Tauthr231 was found negative in hippocampal DG, CA1, and CA3 regions. Here, the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota were analyzed by 16sRNA sequencing. WERG-H treatment had a positive correlation with Firmicutes, Bacilli, Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactobacillus murinus, and Lactobacillus reuteri. Interestingly, the Rikenellaceae-RC9 gut group in the gut increased in D-gal/AlCl3-induced mice, but the increased L. johnsonii, L. murinus, and L. reuteri reversed this process. This may be a potential mechanistic link between gut microbiota dysbiosis and P-TauThr231 levels in AD progression. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that WERG improved the cognitive impairment of the AD mouse model by enriching gut probiotics and reducing P-TauThr231 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianhui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Maria Latta
- School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
| | - Chenyu Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuheng Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wantong Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhongkun Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shujian Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Chen, ; Yingqian Liu,
| | - Yingqian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Chen, ; Yingqian Liu,
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16
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Li S, Yang Q, Zhou Z, Yang X, Liu Y, Hao K, Fu M. Gastrodin protects retinal ganglion cells from ischemic injury by activating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (PI3K/AKT/Nrf2) signaling pathway. Bioengineered 2022; 13:12625-12636. [PMID: 35609324 PMCID: PMC9275977 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2076499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy and improper treatment may cause irreversible damage to visual function. Gastrodin is an effective active substance extracted from Gastrodia elata and possesses antioxidant as well as anti-inflammatory properties. However, the therapeutic potential of gastrodin for retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains unclear. We adopted oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) to induce R28 cells with the aim of simulating glaucomatous neurodegeneration. CCK-8 analysis and TUNEL were applied for examining cell proliferation and apoptosis . In addition, RT-qPCR and ELISA were performed to test the releases of inflammatory factors in cells . Related indicators of intracellular oxidative stress and ROS production were detected by corresponding kits. Moreover, western blot was applied to assay the expressions of PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 pathway-related proteins. OGD/R induction contributed to the decreased cell viability and reduced Bcl-2 protein expression, while the protein contents of Bax, Cyto-C, c-caspase 9 and c-PARP as well as ROS production were ascended. The co-treatment of hypoxia and gastrodin greatly improved R28 cell viability but effectively suppressed cell apoptosis, ROS level and the releases of OGD/R-induced inflammatory factors as well as oxidative stress. In addition, OGD/R stimulation reduced Nrf2, accompanied by a decrease in the phosphorylation levels of PI3K and AKT. Gastrodin significantly promoted the activation of PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 signaling pathway in R28 cells, which was then counteracted by PI3K/AKT inhibitors. In conclusion, the present study suggested that gastrodin has a protective effect on OGD/R-induced R28 cell injury, which is achieved through the activation of the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizhen Li
- Nanjing Tongren Eye Center, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Qingsong Yang
- Nanjing Tongren Eye Center, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Zixiu Zhou
- Nanjing Tongren Eye Center, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Nanjing Tongren Eye Center, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yating Liu
- Nanjing Tongren Eye Center, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Kuanxiao Hao
- Nanjing Tongren Eye Center, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Min Fu
- Nanjing Tongren Eye Center, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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17
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Gastrodin and Vascular Dementia: Advances and Current Perspectives. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2563934. [PMID: 35463081 PMCID: PMC9019412 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2563934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gastrodia elata, a traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used since ancient times to treat diseases such as dizziness, epilepsy, stroke, and memory loss. Gastrodin, one of the active components of Gastrodia elata, has been used in the treatment of migraine, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, dementia, and depression in recent years. It can improve cognitive function and related neuropsychiatric symptoms through various effects and is considered as a promising treatment for dementia. Vascular dementia is a kind of severe cognitive impairment syndrome caused by vascular factors, and it is the dementia syndrome with the largest number of patients besides Alzheimer's disease. Although there is still a lack of evidence-based explorations, the paper reviewed the mechanism and methods of gastrodin in the treatment of vascular dementia, providing a reference for clinical therapy.
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18
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Huan P, Wang L, He Z, He J. The Role of Gut Microbiota in the Progression of Parkinson's Disease and the Mechanism of Intervention by Traditional Chinese Medicine. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022; 18:1507-1520. [PMID: 35923300 PMCID: PMC9341349 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s367016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common degenerative disease of the nervous system that seriously affects the quality of life of the patients. The pathogenesis of PD is not yet fully clear. Previous studies have confirmed that patients with PD exhibit obvious gut microbiota imbalance, while intervention of PD by regulating the gut microbiota has become an important approach to the prevention and treatment of this disease. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been shown to be safe and effective in treating PD. It has the advantages of affecting multiple targets. Studies have shown TCM can regulate gut microbiota. However, the specific mechanism of action is still unclear. Therefore, this article will mainly discuss the association of the alteration of the gut microbiota and the incidence of PD, the advantages of TCM in treating PD, and the mechanism of regulating gut microbiota by TCM to treat PD. It will clarify the target and mechanism of TCM treating PD by acting gut microbiota and provided a novel methodology for the prevention and treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Huan
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuqing He
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiancheng He
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
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Ma C, Wang C, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Li Y. Potential Natural Compounds for the Prevention and Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Review on Molecular Mechanisms. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:846-861. [PMID: 34923950 DOI: 10.2174/1874467215666211217120448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a kind of metabolic stress-induced liver injury closely related to insulin resistance and genetic susceptibility, and there is no specific drug for its clinical treatment currently. In recent years, a large amount of literature has reported that many natural compounds extracted from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can improve NAFLD through various mechanisms. According to the latest reports, some emerging natural compounds have shown great potential to improve NAFLD but are seldom used clinically due to the lacking special research. PURPOSE This paper aims to summarize the molecular mechanisms of the potential natural compounds on improving NAFLD, thus providing a direction and basis for further research on the pathogenesis of NAFLD and the development of effective drugs for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. METHODS By searching various online databases, such as Web of Science, SciFinder, PubMed, and CNKI, NAFLD and these natural compounds were used as the keywords for detailed literature retrieval. RESULTS The pathogenesis of NAFLD and the molecular mechanisms of the potential natural compounds on improving NAFLD have been reviewed. CONCLUSION Many natural compounds from traditional Chinese medicine have a good prospect in the treatment of NAFLD, which can serve as a direction for the development of anti-NAFLD drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yafang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Honglin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
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Ma S, Sun Y, Zheng X, Yang Y. Gastrodin attenuates perfluorooctanoic acid-induced liver injury by regulating gut microbiota composition in mice. Bioengineered 2021; 12:11546-11556. [PMID: 34866532 PMCID: PMC8810172 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2009966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) can accumulate in the livers of humans and animals via the food chain, resulting into liver injury, which is closely related to intestinal flora dysbiosis. Gastrodin has been reported to have hepatoprotective effect. However, whether gastrodin can alleviate PFOA-induced liver injury via modulating gut microbiota remains unclear. Herein, a PFOA-induced liver injury model was established by gavage of PFOA (5 mg/kg body weight) in 2% Tween 80 solution once daily for 6 weeks in mice, and then gastrodin in saline (20 mg/kg body weight) was used once daily for 8 weeks to treat liver damage. The biochemical indexes associated with liver function, oxidative stress, and inflammatory factors were examined. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to determine the liver histopathological changes. Besides, 16S rRNA sequencing was used to analyze the difference of gut microbiota between the model and treatment groups. The results showed that gastrodin significantly improved the oxidative stress caused by PFOA. Intestinal flora analysis showed that gastrodin treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of probiotics, such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Bacteroides, while the harmful bacteria, including Desulfovibrio were decreased. Gastrodin treatment also significantly increased the level of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as butyric acid and isobutyric acid. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the composition changes of gut microbiota and SCFAs increase were both beneficial to alleviate the liver injury caused by PFOA. To sum up, gastrodin can effectively alleviate PFOA-induced liver injury through regulating gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Ma
- Department of Hepatology, Shandong Provincial Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan, China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- Fever Observation Ward, Shandong Provincial Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan, China
| | - Xueting Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Yangxin County, Binzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Hepatology, Shandong Provincial Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan, China
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