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Vlodavsky I, Hilwi M, Kayal Y, Soboh S, Ilan N. Impact of heparanase-2 (Hpa2) on cancer and inflammation: Advances and paradigms. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23670. [PMID: 38747803 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400286r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
HPSE2, the gene-encoding heparanase 2 (Hpa2), is mutated in urofacial syndrome (UFS), a rare autosomal recessive congenital disease attributed to peripheral neuropathy. Hpa2 lacks intrinsic heparan sulfate (HS)-degrading activity, the hallmark of heparanase (Hpa1), yet it exhibits a high affinity toward HS, thereby inhibiting Hpa1 enzymatic activity. Hpa2 regulates selected genes that promote normal differentiation, tissue homeostasis, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, resulting in antitumor, antiangiogenic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Importantly, stress conditions induce the expression of Hpa2, thus establishing a feedback loop, where Hpa2 enhances ER stress which, in turn, induces Hpa2 expression. In most cases, cancer patients who retain high levels of Hpa2 survive longer than patients bearing Hpa2-low tumors. Experimentally, overexpression of Hpa2 attenuates the growth of tumor xenografts, whereas Hpa2 gene silencing results in aggressive tumors. Studies applying conditional Hpa2 knockout (cHpa2-KO) mice revealed an essential involvement of Hpa2 contributed by the host in protecting against cancer and inflammation. This was best reflected by the distorted morphology of the Hpa2-null pancreas, including massive infiltration of immune cells, acinar to adipocyte trans-differentiation, and acinar to ductal metaplasia. Moreover, orthotopic inoculation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells into the pancreas of Hpa2-null vs. wild-type mice yielded tumors that were by far more aggressive. Likewise, intravenous inoculation of cancer cells into cHpa2-KO mice resulted in a dramatically increased lung colonization reflecting the involvement of Hpa2 in restricting the formation of a premetastatic niche. Elucidating Hpa2 structure-activity-relationships is expected to support the development of Hpa2-based therapies against cancer and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Vlodavsky
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Maram Hilwi
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yasmin Kayal
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Soaad Soboh
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Neta Ilan
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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2
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Kaur G, Roy B. Decoding Tumor Angiogenesis for Therapeutic Advancements: Mechanistic Insights. Biomedicines 2024; 12:827. [PMID: 38672182 PMCID: PMC11048662 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels within the tumor microenvironment, is considered a hallmark of cancer progression and represents a crucial target for therapeutic intervention. The tumor microenvironment is characterized by a complex interplay between proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors, regulating the vascularization necessary for tumor growth and metastasis. The study of angiogenesis involves a spectrum of techniques, spanning from biomarker assessment to advanced imaging modalities. This comprehensive review aims to provide insights into the molecular intricacies, regulatory dynamics, and clinical implications of tumor angiogenesis. By delving into these aspects, we gain a deeper understanding of the processes driving vascularization in tumors, paving the way for the development of novel and effective antiangiogenic therapies in the fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Kaur
- Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Bipradas Roy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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3
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Spijkers-Shaw S, Devlin R, Shields NJ, Feng X, Peck T, Lenihan-Geels G, Davis C, Young SL, La Flamme AC, Zubkova OV. Synthesis and Detection of BODIPY-, Biotin-, and 19 F- Labeled Single-Entity Dendritic Heparan Sulfate Mimetics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316791. [PMID: 38308859 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Heparin and heparan sulfate (HS) are naturally occurring mammalian glycosaminoglycans, and their synthetic and semi-synthetic mimetics have attracted significant interest as potential therapeutics. However, understanding the mechanism of action by which HS, heparin, and HS mimetics have a biological effect is difficult due to their highly charged nature, broad protein interactomes, and variable structures. To address this, a library of novel single-entity dendritic mimetics conjugated to BODIPY, Fluorine-19 (19 F), and biotin was synthesized for imaging and localization studies. The novel dendritic scaffold allowed for the conjugation of labeling moieties without reducing the number of sulfated capping groups, thereby better mimicking the multivalent nature of HS-protein interactions. The 19 F labeled mimetics were assessed in phantom studies and were detected at concentrations as low as 5 mM. Flow cytometric studies using a fluorescently labeled mimetic showed that the compound associated with immune cells from tumors more readily than splenic counterparts and was directed to endosomal-lysosomal compartments within immune cells and cancer cells. Furthermore, the fluorescently labeled mimetic entered the central nervous system and was detectable in brain-infiltrating immune cells 24 hours after treatment. Here, we report the enabling methodology for rapidly preparing various labeled HS mimetics and molecular probes with diverse potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Spijkers-Shaw
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Gracefield Research Centre, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, United States
| | - Rory Devlin
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Gracefield Research Centre, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas J Shields
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
| | - Xiang Feng
- MR Solutions Ltd., Guildford, Surrey, GU3 1LR, UK
- Sydney Imaging, Core Research Facility, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Tessa Peck
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn Parade, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Georgia Lenihan-Geels
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn Parade, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Connor Davis
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn Parade, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Sarah L Young
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
- Faculty of Science, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Anne C La Flamme
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn Parade, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
- Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn Parade, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Olga V Zubkova
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Gracefield Research Centre, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
- Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn Parade, Wellington, New Zealand
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4
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Kocabay S, Alagöz MA, Akkaya B. Investigation of inhibitory effect of sulfated chitosan oligomer on human heparanase enzyme: in silico and in vitro studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38410992 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2317421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Deaths from cancer are widespread worldwide and the numbers continue to increase day by day. During the disease progression of cancer in cells, many of its metabolic activities change. Increased heparanase enzyme release is just one example. Following heparanase enzyme activity, many molecules interact with the remodeling of glycosaminoglycan structures, which triggers the release of different enzymes, cytokines, and growth factors, including fibroblast growth factors (FGF1 and FGF2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hepatocyte growth factor, transforming growth factor β and platelet-derived growth factor. These are the most important factors in metastasis due to the formation of new vascular structures caused by those elements. To reduce tumor growth and metastasis, various drugs have been designed by modifying chitosan and its derivatives. In this study, we used chitosan oligomer (A), sulfated chitosan oligomer (ShCsO) (B), heparin (C), phosphate monomer (D1) of PI-88 and sulfate monomer (D2) of PI-88 as heparanase inhibitors. We modified the chitosan oligomer with chlorosulfonic acid to synthesize ShCsO to investigate its inhibitory effects on human serum heparanase. Also examined were molecular docking; molecular dynamics (MD); adsorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination and toxicity (ADMET); and target prediction. ShCsO decreased enzyme activity at a concentration of 0.0001 mg/mL. The docking scores of A, B and C from in silico studies were -6.254, -6.936 and -6.980 kcal/mol, respectively, and the scores for the two different PI-88 monomers were -5.741 and -5.824 kcal/mol. These results show that ShCsO may be a potential drug candidate for treating cancer.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samet Kocabay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Literature, Inonu University, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - M Abdullah Alagöz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Inonu University, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Birnur Akkaya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Türkiye
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5
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Martinez HA, Koliesnik I, Kaber G, Reid JK, Nagy N, Barlow G, Falk BA, Medina CO, Hargil A, Zihsler S, Vlodavsky I, Li JP, Pérez-Cruz M, Tang SW, Meyer EH, Wrenshall LE, Lord JD, Garcia KC, Palmer TD, Steinman L, Nepom GT, Wight TN, Bollyky PL, Kuipers HF. Regulatory T cells use heparanase to access IL-2 bound to extracellular matrix in inflamed tissue. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1564. [PMID: 38378682 PMCID: PMC10879116 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Although FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) depend on IL-2 produced by other cells for their survival and function, the levels of IL-2 in inflamed tissue are low, making it unclear how Treg access this critical resource. Here, we show that Treg use heparanase (HPSE) to access IL-2 sequestered by heparan sulfate (HS) within the extracellular matrix (ECM) of inflamed central nervous system tissue. HPSE expression distinguishes human and murine Treg from conventional T cells and is regulated by the availability of IL-2. HPSE-/- Treg have impaired stability and function in vivo, including in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Conversely, endowing monoclonal antibody-directed chimeric antigen receptor (mAbCAR) Treg with HPSE enhances their ability to access HS-sequestered IL-2 and their ability to suppress neuroinflammation in vivo. Together, these data identify a role for HPSE and the ECM in immune tolerance, providing new avenues for improving Treg-based therapy of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter A Martinez
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ievgen Koliesnik
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gernot Kaber
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jacqueline K Reid
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Nadine Nagy
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Graham Barlow
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ben A Falk
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carlos O Medina
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aviv Hargil
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Svenja Zihsler
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Jin-Ping Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magdiel Pérez-Cruz
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sai-Wen Tang
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Everett H Meyer
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lucile E Wrenshall
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - James D Lord
- Translational Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - K Christopher Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Theo D Palmer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lawrence Steinman
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gerald T Nepom
- Immune Tolerance Network, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas N Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul L Bollyky
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hedwich F Kuipers
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
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6
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Schmidtmann M, D’Souza-Schorey C. Extracellular Vesicles: Biological Packages That Modulate Tumor Cell Invasion. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5617. [PMID: 38067320 PMCID: PMC10705367 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15235617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor progression, from early-stage invasion to the formation of distal metastases, relies on the capacity of tumor cells to modify the extracellular matrix (ECM) and communicate with the surrounding stroma. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) provide an important means to regulate cell invasion due to the selective inclusion of cargoes such as proteases and matrix proteins into EVs that can degrade or modify the ECM. EVs have also been shown to facilitate intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment through paracrine signaling, which can impact ECM invasion by cancer cells. Here, we describe the current knowledge of EVs as facilitators of tumor invasion by virtue of their effects on proteolytic degradation and modification of the ECM, their ability to educate the stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment, and their role as mediators of long-range communication aiding in cell invasion and matrix remodeling at secondary sites.
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7
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Xie C, Schaefer L, Iozzo RV. Global impact of proteoglycan science on human diseases. iScience 2023; 26:108095. [PMID: 37867945 PMCID: PMC10589900 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this comprehensive review, we will dissect the impact of research on proteoglycans focusing on recent developments involved in their synthesis, degradation, and interactions, while critically assessing their usefulness in various biological processes. The emerging roles of proteoglycans in global infections, specifically the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and their rising functions in regenerative medicine and biomaterial science have significantly affected our current view of proteoglycans and related compounds. The roles of proteoglycans in cancer biology and their potential use as a next-generation protein-based adjuvant therapy to combat cancer is also emerging as a constructive and potentially beneficial therapeutic strategy. We will discuss the role of proteoglycans in selected and emerging areas of proteoglycan science, such as neurodegenerative diseases, autophagy, angiogenesis, cancer, infections and their impact on mammalian diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Xie
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Renato V. Iozzo
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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8
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Yuan J, Yang L, Li Z, Zhang H, Wang Q, Huang J, Wang B, Mohan CD, Sethi G, Wang G. The role of the tumor microenvironment in endocrine therapy resistance in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1261283. [PMID: 37900137 PMCID: PMC10611521 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1261283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine therapy is the prominent strategy for the treatment of hormone-positive breast cancers. The emergence of resistance to endocrine therapy is a major health concern among hormone-positive breast cancer patients. Resistance to endocrine therapy demands the design of newer therapeutic strategies. The understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms of endocrine resistance, components of the tumor microenvironment (TME), and interaction of resistant breast cancer cells with the cellular/acellular components of the intratumoral environment are essential to formulate new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of endocrine therapy-resistant breast cancers. In the first half of the article, we have discussed the general mechanisms (including mutations in estrogen receptor gene, reregulated activation of signaling pathways, epigenetic changes, and cell cycle alteration) responsible for endocrine therapy resistance in hormone-positive breast cancers. In the latter half, we have emphasized the precise role of cellular (cancer-associated fibroblasts, immune cells, and cancer stem cells) and acellular components (collagen, fibronectin, and laminin) of TME in the development of endocrine resistance in hormone-positive breast cancers. In sum, the article provides an overview of the relationship between endocrine resistance and TME in hormone-positive breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yuan
- Department of Endocrine and Vascular Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Endocrine and Vascular Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Vascular Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Vascular Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Endocrine and Vascular Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Vascular Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Chakrabhavi Dhananjaya Mohan
- Department of Studies in Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore Karnataka, India
- FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Geng Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Vascular Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
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9
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Chopra P, Yadavalli T, Palmieri F, Jongkees SAK, Unione L, Shukla D, Boons GJ. Synthetic Heparanase Inhibitors Can Prevent Herpes Simplex Viral Spread. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309838. [PMID: 37555536 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) employs heparan sulfate (HS) as receptor for cell attachment and entry. During late-stage infection, the virus induces the upregulation of human heparanase (Hpse) to remove cell surface HS allowing viral spread. We hypothesized that inhibition of Hpse will prevent viral release thereby representing a new therapeutic strategy for HSV-1. A range of HS-oligosaccharides was prepared to examine the importance of chain length and 2-O-sulfation of iduronic moieties for Hpse inhibition. It was found that hexa- and octasaccharides potently inhibited the enzyme and that 2-O-sulfation of iduronic acid is tolerated. Computational studies provided a rationale for the observed structure-activity relationship. Treatment of human corneal epithelial cells (HCEs) infected with HSV-1 with the hexa- and octasaccharide blocked viral induced shedding of HS which significantly reduced spread of virions. The compounds also inhibited migration and proliferation of immortalized HCEs thereby providing additional therapeutic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Chopra
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Tejabhiram Yadavalli
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Francesco Palmieri
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Seino A K Jongkees
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Unione
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Current address: CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Deepak Shukla
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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10
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Katner S, Ginsburg EP, Hampton JD, Peterson EJ, Koblinski JE, Farrell NP. A Comparison of Di- and Trinuclear Platinum Complexes Interacting with Glycosaminoglycans for Targeted Chemotherapy. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:1224-1230. [PMID: 37736178 PMCID: PMC10510529 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and their associated proteins aid in tumor progression through modulation of biological events such as cell invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, and immunological responses. Metalloshielding of the anionic heparan sulfate (HS) chains by cationic polynuclear platinum complexes (PPCs) prevents the HS from interacting with HS-associated proteins and thus diminishes the critical functions of HSPG. Studies herein exploring the PPC-HS interactions demonstrated that a series of PPCs varying in charge, nuclearity, distance between Pt centers, and hydrogen-bonding ability influence HS affinity. We report that the polyamine-linked complexes have high HS affinity and display excellent in vivo activity against breast cancer metastases and those arising in the bone and liver compared to carboplatin. Overall, the PPC-HS niche offers an attractive approach for targeting HSPG-expressing tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha
J. Katner
- Department
of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Geology, Minnesota State University, Mankato, Mankato, Minnesota 56001, United States
| | - Eric P. Ginsburg
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - James D. Hampton
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
- Massey
Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Erica J. Peterson
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
- Massey
Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Jennifer E. Koblinski
- Massey
Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
- Department
of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Nicholas P. Farrell
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
- Massey
Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
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11
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Sin SQ, Mohan CD, Goh RMWJ, You M, Nayak SC, Chen L, Sethi G, Rangappa KS, Wang L. Hypoxia signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma: Challenges and therapeutic opportunities. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:741-764. [PMID: 36547748 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10071-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers with a relatively high cancer-related mortality. The uncontrolled proliferation of HCC consumes a significant amount of oxygen, causing the development of a hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME). Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), crucial regulators in the TME, activate several cancer hallmarks leading to the hepatocarcinogenesis of HCC and resistance to current therapeutics. As such, HIFs and their signaling pathways have been explored as potential therapeutic targets for the future management of HCC. This review discusses the current understanding of the structure and function of HIFs and their complex relationship with the various cancer hallmarks. To address tumor hypoxia, this review provides an insight into the various potential novel therapeutic agents for managing HCC, such as hypoxia-activated prodrugs, HIF inhibitors, nanomaterials, antisense oligonucleotides, and natural compounds, that target HIFs/hypoxic signaling pathways in HCC. Because of HCC's relatively high incidence and mortality rates in the past decades, greater efforts should be put in place to explore novel therapeutic approaches to improve the outcome for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shant Qinxiang Sin
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Mingliang You
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Cancer Institute, Hangzhou, 31002, China
- Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 31002, China
| | - Siddaiah Chandra Nayak
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 570006, India
| | - Lu Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Gautam Sethi
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Lingzhi Wang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Manganelli V, Misasi R, Riitano G, Capozzi A, Mattei V, Caglar TR, Ialongo D, Madia VN, Messore A, Costi R, Di Santo R, Sorice M, Garofalo T. Role of a Novel Heparanase Inhibitor on the Balance between Apoptosis and Autophagy in U87 Human Glioblastoma Cells. Cells 2023; 12:1891. [PMID: 37508554 PMCID: PMC10378526 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heparanase (HPSE) is an endo-β-glucuronidase that cleaves heparan sulfate side chains, leading to the disassembly of the extracellular matrix, facilitating cell invasion and metastasis dissemination. In this research, we investigated the role of a new HPSE inhibitor, RDS 3337, in the regulation of the autophagic process and the balance between apoptosis and autophagy in U87 glioblastoma cells. METHODS After treatment with RDS 3337, cell lysates were analyzed for autophagy and apoptosis-related proteins by Western blot. RESULTS We observed, firstly, that LC3II expression increased in U87 cells incubated with RDS 3337, together with a significant increase of p62/SQSTM1 levels, indicating that RDS 3337 could act through the inhibition of autophagic-lysosomal flux of LC3-II, thereby leading to accumulation of lipidated LC3-II form. Conversely, the suppression of autophagic flux could activate apoptosis mechanisms, as revealed by the activation of caspase 3, the increased level of cleaved Parp1, and DNA fragmentation. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the notion that HPSE promotes autophagy, providing evidence that RDS 3337 blocks autophagic flux. It indicates a role for HPSE inhibitors in the balance between apoptosis and autophagy in U87 human glioblastoma cells, suggesting a potential role for this new class of compounds in the control of tumor growth progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Manganelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Misasi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gloria Riitano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Capozzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mattei
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, Sabina Universitas, 02100 Rieti, Italy
| | - Tuba Rana Caglar
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Ialongo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Noemi Madia
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Messore
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Costi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Santo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sorice
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Tina Garofalo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, 00161 Rome, Italy
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13
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Zhang Y, Cui L. Discovery and development of small-molecule heparanase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 90:117335. [PMID: 37257254 PMCID: PMC10884955 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Heparanase-1 (HPSE) is a promising yet challenging therapeutic target. It is the only known enzyme that is responsible for cleavage of heparan sulfate (HS) side chains from heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), and is the key enzyme involved in the remodeling and degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Overexpression of HPSE is found in various types of diseases, including cancers, inflammations, diabetes, and viral infections. Inhibiting HPSE can restore ECM functions and integrity, making the development of HPSE inhibitors a highly sought-after topic. So far, all HPSE inhibitors that have entered clinical trials belong to the category of HS mimetics, and no small-molecule or drug-like HPSE inhibitors have made similar progress. None of the HS mimetics have been approved as drugs, with some clinical trials discontinued due to poor bioavailability, side effects, and unfavorable pharmacokinetics characteristics. Small-molecule HPSE inhibitors are, therefore, particularly appealing due to their drug-like characteristics. Advances in the chemical spaces and drug design technologies, including the increasing use of in vitro and in silico screening methods, have provided new opportunities in drug discovery. This article aims to review the discovery and development of small-molecule HPSE inhibitors via screening strategies to shed light on the future endeavors in the development of novel HPSE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhao Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Lina Cui
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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14
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Gupta N, Mohan CD, Shanmugam MK, Jung YY, Chinnathambi A, Alharbi SA, Ashrafizadeh M, Mahale M, Bender A, Kumar AP, Putti TC, Rangappa KS, Zhang X, Ahn KS, Sethi G. CXCR4 expression is elevated in TNBC patient derived samples and Z-guggulsterone abrogates tumor progression by targeting CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling axis in mice model. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023:116335. [PMID: 37290620 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental factors such as exposure to ionizing radiations, certain environmental pollutants, and toxic chemicals are considered as risk factors in the development of breast cancer. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a molecular variant of breast cancer that lacks therapeutic targets such as progesterone receptor, estrogen receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 which makes the targeted therapy ineffective in TNBC patients. Therefore, identification of new therapeutic targets for the treatment of TNBC and the discovery of new therapeutic agents is the need of the hour. In this study, CXCR4 was found to be highly expressed in majority of breast cancer tissues and metastatic lymph nodes derived from TNBC patients. CXCR4 expression is positively correlated with breast cancer metastasis and poor prognosis of TNBC patients suggesting that suppression of CXCR4 expression could be a good strategy in the treatment of TNBC patients. Therefore, the effect of Z-guggulsterone (ZGA) on the expression of CXCR4 in TNBC cells was examined. ZGA downregulated protein and mRNA expression of CXCR4 in TNBC cells and proteasome inhibition or lysosomal stabilization had no effect on the ZGA-induced CXCR4 reduction. CXCR4 is under the transcriptional control of NF-κB, whereas ZGA was found to downregulate transcriptional activity NF-κB. Functionally, ZGA downmodulated the CXCL12-driven migration/invasion in TNBC cells. Additionally, the effect of ZGA on growth of tumor was investigated in the orthotopic TNBC mice model and ZGA presented good inhibition of tumor growth and liver/lung metastasis in this model. Western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis indicated a reduction of CXCR4, NF-κB, and Ki67 in tumor tissues. Computational analysis suggested PXR agonism and FXR antagonism as targets of ZGA. In conclusion, CXCR4 was found to be overexpressed in majority of patient-derived TNBC tissues and ZGA abrogated the growth of TNBC tumors by partly targeting the CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
| | | | - Muthu K Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Young Yun Jung
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Manas Mahale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai, 400 098, India
| | - Andreas Bender
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Thomas Choudary Putti
- Department of Pathology, National University of Singapore, National University Hospital, Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | | | - Xianbin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
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15
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Manseur C, Groult H, Porta M, Bodet PE, Mersni-Achour R, Petit R, Ali-Moussa S, Musnier B, Le Cerf D, Varacavoudin T, Haddad O, Sutton A, Leal CEY, Alencar-Filho EB, Piot JM, Bridiau N, Maugard T, Fruitier-Arnaudin I. A Screening Approach to Assess the Impact of Various Commercial Sources of Crude Marine λ-Carrageenan on the Production of Oligosaccharides with Anti-heparanase and Anti-migratory Activities. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21050295. [PMID: 37233489 DOI: 10.3390/md21050295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligosaccharides derived from λ-carrageenan (λ-COs) are gaining interest in the cancer field. They have been recently reported to regulate heparanase (HPSE) activity, a protumor enzyme involved in cancer cell migration and invasion, making them very promising molecules for new therapeutic applications. However, one of the specific features of commercial λ-carrageenan (λ-CAR) is that they are heterogeneous mixtures of different CAR families, and are named according to the thickening-purpose final-product viscosity which does not reflect the real composition. Consequently, this can limit their use in a clinical applications. To address this issue, six commercial λ-CARs were compared and differences in their physiochemical properties were analyzed and shown. Then, a H2O2-assisted depolymerization was applied to each commercial source, and number- and weight-averaged molar masses (Mn and Mw) and sulfation degree (DS) of the λ-COs produced over time were determined. By adjusting the depolymerization time for each product, almost comparable λ-CO formulations could be obtained in terms of molar masses and DS, which ranged within previously reported values suitable for antitumor properties. However, when the anti-HPSE activity of these new λ-COs was screened, small changes that could not be attributed only to their small length or DS changes between them were found, suggesting a role of other features, such as differences in the initial mixture composition. Further structural MS and NMR analysis revealed qualitative and semi-quantitative differences between the molecular species, especially in the proportion of the anti-HPSE λ-type, other CARs types and adjuvants, and it also showed that H2O2-based hydrolysis induced sugar degradation. Finally, when the effects of λ-COs were assessed in an in vitro migration cell-based model, they seemed more related to the proportion of other CAR types in the formulation than to their λ-type-dependent anti-HPSE activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanez Manseur
- UMR CNRS 7266, LIENSs Laboratory, La Rochelle University, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Hugo Groult
- UMR CNRS 7266, LIENSs Laboratory, La Rochelle University, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Manon Porta
- UMR CNRS 7266, LIENSs Laboratory, La Rochelle University, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Pierre-Edouard Bodet
- UMR CNRS 7266, LIENSs Laboratory, La Rochelle University, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | | | - Raphaëlle Petit
- UMR CNRS 7266, LIENSs Laboratory, La Rochelle University, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Samir Ali-Moussa
- UMR CNRS 7266, LIENSs Laboratory, La Rochelle University, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Benjamin Musnier
- UMR CNRS 7266, LIENSs Laboratory, La Rochelle University, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Didier Le Cerf
- Sciences & Technic Faculty, Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, PBS UMR 6270, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Tony Varacavoudin
- Sciences & Technic Faculty, Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, PBS UMR 6270, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Oualid Haddad
- Inserm U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, UFR SMBH, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Groupe Biothérapies et Glycoconjugués, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Angela Sutton
- Inserm U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, UFR SMBH, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Groupe Biothérapies et Glycoconjugués, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Cíntia Emi Yanaguibashi Leal
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina 56304-205, PE, Brazil
| | - Edilson Beserra Alencar-Filho
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina 56304-205, PE, Brazil
| | - Jean-Marie Piot
- UMR CNRS 7266, LIENSs Laboratory, La Rochelle University, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Nicolas Bridiau
- UMR CNRS 7266, LIENSs Laboratory, La Rochelle University, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Thierry Maugard
- UMR CNRS 7266, LIENSs Laboratory, La Rochelle University, 17000 La Rochelle, France
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16
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Jadimurthy R, Jagadish S, Nayak SC, Kumar S, Mohan CD, Rangappa KS. Phytochemicals as Invaluable Sources of Potent Antimicrobial Agents to Combat Antibiotic Resistance. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040948. [PMID: 37109477 PMCID: PMC10145550 DOI: 10.3390/life13040948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants have been used for therapeutic purposes against various human ailments for several centuries. Plant-derived natural compounds have been implemented in clinics against microbial diseases. Unfortunately, the emergence of antimicrobial resistance has significantly reduced the efficacy of existing standard antimicrobials. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared antimicrobial resistance as one of the top 10 global public health threats facing humanity. Therefore, it is the need of the hour to discover new antimicrobial agents against drug-resistant pathogens. In the present article, we have discussed the importance of plant metabolites in the context of their medicinal applications and elaborated on their mechanism of antimicrobial action against human pathogens. The WHO has categorized some drug-resistant bacteria and fungi as critical and high priority based on the need to develope new drugs, and we have considered the plant metabolites that target these bacteria and fungi. We have also emphasized the role of phytochemicals that target deadly viruses such as COVID-19, Ebola, and dengue. Additionally, we have also elaborated on the synergetic effect of plant-derived compounds with standard antimicrobials against clinically important microbes. Overall, this article provides an overview of the importance of considering phytogenous compounds in the development of antimicrobial compounds as therapeutic agents against drug-resistant microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragi Jadimurthy
- Department of Studies in Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
| | - Swamy Jagadish
- Department of Studies in Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
| | - Siddaiah Chandra Nayak
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
| | - Sumana Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore 570015, India
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17
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Noda K, Philips BJ, Atale N, Sanchez PG. Endothelial Protection in Lung Grafts through Heparanase Inhibition During Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion in Rats. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023; 42:697-706. [PMID: 36948268 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that enhancing glycocalyx preservation would reduce endothelial damage in lung grafts during ex-vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) leading to better transplant outcomes. In this study, we characterized the effects of inhibiting heparanase (HPSE), an enzyme responsible for glycocalyx shedding, on lung quality during EVLP. METHODS Human clinical EVLP perfusate from lung graft patients was utilized to identify a potential association between glycocalyx integrity in grafted lung tissue and clinical data. In addition, we performed pre-clinical studies in which rat lungs underwent normothermic EVLP for 4 hours with/without HPSE inhibitors, heparin (1000-U/hour) or heparastatin (SF4; 1-μM), added to the perfusate. After 4-hours EVLP, left lungs were transplanted into syngeneic rats then evaluated for graft quality 2-hours after reperfusion. RESULTS Clinically, increased degradation of syndecan-1 was identified in dysfunctional grafts during EVLP. Levels of heparan sulfate in perfusate after EVLP were associated with incidence of graft dysfunction after transplantation. In the pre-clinical rat study, SF4 effectively inhibited HPSE activity, and significantly attenuated dissociated glycocalyx levels, endothelial dysfunction, edema, and inflammation in lungs during EVLP compared to both controls and heparin groups. High-doses of heparin demonstrated markedly increased perfusate syndecan-1 concentrations and deteriorated lung quality during EVLP compared with controls. Post-transplant graft function and inflammation were significantly improved in SF4-treated group compared to those in both control and heparin-treated groups. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that HPSE activity inhibition by SF4 can improve graft preservation during EVLP by protecting the glycocalyx and endothelial function, leading to better lung function following transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Noda
- Division of Lung Transplant and Lung Failure, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
| | - Brian J Philips
- Division of Lung Transplant and Lung Failure, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Neha Atale
- Division of Lung Transplant and Lung Failure, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Pablo G Sanchez
- Division of Lung Transplant and Lung Failure, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
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18
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Ang HL, Mohan CD, Shanmugam MK, Leong HC, Makvandi P, Rangappa KS, Bishayee A, Kumar AP, Sethi G. Mechanism of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer and its regulation by natural compounds. Med Res Rev 2023. [PMID: 36929669 DOI: 10.1002/med.21948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex process with a primordial role in cellular transformation whereby an epithelial cell transforms and acquires a mesenchymal phenotype. This transformation plays a pivotal role in tumor progression and self-renewal, and exacerbates resistance to apoptosis and chemotherapy. EMT can be initiated and promoted by deregulated oncogenic signaling pathways, hypoxia, and cells in the tumor microenvironment, resulting in a loss-of-epithelial cell polarity, cell-cell adhesion, and enhanced invasive/migratory properties. Numerous transcriptional regulators, such as Snail, Slug, Twist, and ZEB1/ZEB2 induce EMT through the downregulation of epithelial markers and gain-of-expression of the mesenchymal markers. Additionally, signaling cascades such as Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, Sonic hedgehog, nuclear factor kappa B, receptor tyrosine kinases, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Hippo, and transforming growth factor-β pathways regulate EMT whereas they are often deregulated in cancers leading to aberrant EMT. Furthermore, noncoding RNAs, tumor-derived exosomes, and epigenetic alterations are also involved in the modulation of EMT. Therefore, the regulation of EMT is a vital strategy to control the aggressive metastatic characteristics of tumor cells. Despite the vast amount of preclinical data on EMT in cancer progression, there is a lack of clinical translation at the therapeutic level. In this review, we have discussed thoroughly the role of the aforementioned transcription factors, noncoding RNAs (microRNAs, long noncoding RNA, circular RNA), signaling pathways, epigenetic modifications, and tumor-derived exosomes in the regulation of EMT in cancers. We have also emphasized the contribution of EMT to drug resistance and possible therapeutic interventions using plant-derived natural products, their semi-synthetic derivatives, and nano-formulations that are described as promising EMT blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li Ang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Muthu K Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hin Chong Leong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Centre for Materials Interface, Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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19
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Fevereiro-Martins M, Marques-Neves C, Guimarães H, Bicho M. Retinopathy of prematurity: A review of pathophysiology and signaling pathways. Surv Ophthalmol 2023; 68:175-210. [PMID: 36427559 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vasoproliferative disorder of the retina and a leading cause of visual impairment and childhood blindness worldwide. The disease is characterized by an early stage of retinal microvascular degeneration, followed by neovascularization that can lead to subsequent retinal detachment and permanent visual loss. Several factors play a key role during the different pathological stages of the disease. Oxidative and nitrosative stress and inflammatory processes are important contributors to the early stage of ROP. Nitric oxide synthase and arginase play important roles in ischemia/reperfusion-induced neurovascular degeneration. Destructive neovascularization is driven by mediators of the hypoxia-inducible factor pathway, such as vascular endothelial growth factor and metabolic factors (succinate). The extracellular matrix is involved in hypoxia-induced retinal neovascularization. Vasorepulsive molecules (semaphorin 3A) intervene preventing the revascularization of the avascular zone. This review focuses on current concepts about signaling pathways and their mediators, involved in the pathogenesis of ROP, highlighting new potentially preventive and therapeutic modalities. A better understanding of the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of ROP should allow the development of more effective and targeted therapeutic agents to reduce aberrant vasoproliferation and facilitate physiological retinal vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariza Fevereiro-Martins
- Laboratório de Genética and Grupo Ecogenética e Saúde Humana, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação Científica Bento da Rocha Cabral, Lisboa, Portugal; Departamento de Oftalmologia, Hospital Cuf Descobertas, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Marques-Neves
- Centro de Estudos das Ci.¼ncias da Visão, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Grupo Ecogenética e Saúde Humana, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Hercília Guimarães
- Departamento de Ginecologia-Obstetrícia e Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Manuel Bicho
- Laboratório de Genética and Grupo Ecogenética e Saúde Humana, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação Científica Bento da Rocha Cabral, Lisboa, Portugal.
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20
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Radiation-Induced Nephropathy in the Murine Model Is Ameliorated by Targeting Heparanase. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030710. [PMID: 36979689 PMCID: PMC10045137 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Agents used to reduce adverse effects common in cancer treatment modalities do not typically possess tumor-suppressing properties. We report that heparanase, an extracellular matrix-degrading enzyme, is a promising candidate for preventing radiation nephropathy. Heparanase promotes tumor development and progression and is upregulated in tumors found in the abdominal/pelvic cavity, whose radiation treatment may result in radiation nephropathy. Additionally, heparan sulfate degradation by heparanase has been linked to glomerular and tubular/interstitial injury in several kidney disorders. In this study, heparanase mRNA levels were measured in HK-2- and HEK-293-irradiated kidney cells and in a murine radiation nephropathy model by qRT-PCR. Roneparstat (specific heparanase inhibitor) was administered to irradiated mice, and 24 h urinary albumin was measured. Kidneys were harvested and weighed 30 weeks post-irradiation. Clinically relevant doses of ionizing radiation upregulated heparanase expression in both renal cells and mice kidneys. A murine model of abdominal radiation therapy revealed that Roneparstat abolished radiation-induced albuminuria—the hallmark of radiation nephropathy. Given the well-documented anti-cancer effects of heparanase inhibition, our findings attest this enzyme to be a unique target in cancer therapy due to its dual action. Targeting heparanase exerts not only direct anti-tumor effects but protects against radiation-induced kidney damage—the backbone of cancer therapy across a range of malignancies.
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Martinez HA, Koliesnik I, Kaber G, Reid JK, Nagy N, Barlow G, Falk BA, Medina CO, Hargil A, Vlodavsky I, Li JP, Pérez-Cruz M, Tang SW, Meyer EH, Wrenshall LE, Lord JD, Garcia KC, Palmer TD, Steinman L, Nepom GT, Wight TN, Bollyky PL, Kuipers HF. FOXP3 + regulatory T cells use heparanase to access IL-2 bound to ECM in inflamed tissues. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.26.529772. [PMID: 36909599 PMCID: PMC10002643 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.26.529772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) depend on exogenous IL-2 for their survival and function, but circulating levels of IL-2 are low, making it unclear how Treg access this critical resource in vivo. Here, we show that Treg use heparanase (HPSE) to access IL-2 sequestered by heparan sulfate (HS) within the extracellular matrix (ECM) of inflamed central nervous system tissue. HPSE expression distinguishes human and murine Treg from conventional T cells and is regulated by the availability of IL-2. HPSE-/- Treg have impaired stability and function in vivo, including the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Conversely, endowing Treg with HPSE enhances their ability to access HS-sequestered IL-2 and their tolerogenic function in vivo. Together, these data identify novel roles for HPSE and the ECM in immune tolerance, providing new avenues for improving Treg-based therapy of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter A Martinez
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, USA
| | - Ievgen Koliesnik
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, USA
| | - Gernot Kaber
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, USA
| | - Jacqueline K Reid
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Calgary, Canada
| | - Nadine Nagy
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, USA
| | - Graham Barlow
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, USA
| | - Ben A Falk
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute; Seattle, USA
| | - Carlos O Medina
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, USA
| | - Aviv Hargil
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, USA
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Tumor Integrated Cancer Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa, Israel
| | - Jin-Ping Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University; Uppsala, Finland
| | - Magdiel Pérez-Cruz
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, USA
| | - Sai-Wen Tang
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, USA
| | - Everett H Meyer
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, USA
| | - Lucile E Wrenshall
- Department of Surgery, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University; Dayton, USA
| | - James D Lord
- Translational Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute; Seattle, USA
| | - K Christopher Garcia
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Stanford University; Stanford, USA
| | - Theo D Palmer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, USA
| | - Lawrence Steinman
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, USA
| | - Gerald T Nepom
- Immune Tolerance Network, Benaroya Research Institute; Seattle, USA
| | - Thomas N Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute; Seattle, USA
| | - Paul L Bollyky
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, USA
| | - Hedwich F Kuipers
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, USA
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Calgary, Canada
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22
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Doherty GG, Ler GJM, Wimmer N, Bernhardt PV, Ashmus RA, Vocadlo DJ, Armstrong Z, Davies GJ, Maccarana M, Li JP, Kayal Y, Ferro V. Synthesis of Uronic Acid 1-Azasugars as Putative Inhibitors of α-Iduronidase, β-Glucuronidase and Heparanase. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200619. [PMID: 36453606 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
1-Azasugar analogues of l-iduronic acid (l-IdoA) and d-glucuronic acid (d-GlcA) and their corresponding enantiomers have been synthesized as potential pharmacological chaperones for mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I), a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding α-iduronidase (IDUA). The compounds were efficiently synthesized in nine or ten steps from d- or l-arabinose, and the structures were confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis of key intermediates. All compounds were inactive against IDUA, although l-IdoA-configured 8 moderately inhibited β-glucuronidase (β-GLU). The d-GlcA-configured 9 was a potent inhibitor of β-GLU and a moderate inhibitor of the endo-β-glucuronidase heparanase. Co-crystallization of 9 with heparanase revealed that the endocyclic nitrogen of 9 forms close interactions with both the catalytic acid and catalytic nucleophile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth G Doherty
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Geraldine Jia Ming Ler
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Norbert Wimmer
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Paul V Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Roger A Ashmus
- Department of Chemistry and, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - David J Vocadlo
- Department of Chemistry and, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Zachary Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
- Current address: Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gideon J Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
- Current address: Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Maccarana
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, The Biomedical Center, University of Uppsala, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jin-Ping Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, The Biomedical Center, University of Uppsala, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yasmin Kayal
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Vito Ferro
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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23
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Yang H, Wang L. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans in cancer: Pathogenesis and therapeutic potential. Adv Cancer Res 2023; 157:251-291. [PMID: 36725112 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are glycoproteins that consist of a proteoglycan "core" protein and covalently attached heparan sulfate (HS) chain. HSPGs are ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and secretory vesicles. Within HSPGs, the protein cores determine when and where HSPG expression takes place, and the HS chains mediate most of HSPG's biological roles through binding various protein ligands, including cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and receptors, morphogens, proteases, protease inhibitors, and ECM proteins. Through these interactions, HSPGs modulate cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis to display essential functions in physiology and pathology. Under physiological conditions, the expression and localization of HSPGs are finely regulated to orchestrate their physiological functions, and this is disrupted in cancer. The HSPG dysregulation elicits multiple oncogenic signaling, including growth factor signaling, ECM and Integrin signaling, chemokine and immune signaling, cancer stem cell, cell differentiation, apoptosis, and senescence, to prompt cell transformation, proliferation, tumor invasion and metastasis, tumor angiogenesis and inflammation, and immunotolerance. These oncogenic roles make HSPGs an attractive pharmacological target for anti-cancer therapy. Several therapeutic strategies have been under development, including anti-HSPG antibodies, peptides and HS mimetics, synthetic xylosides, and heparinase inhibitors, and shown promising anti-cancer efficacy. Therefore, much progress has been made in this line of study. However, it needs to bear in mind that the roles of HSPGs in cancer can be either oncogenic or tumor-suppressive, depending on the HSPG and the cancer cell type with the underlying mechanisms that remain obscure. Further studies need to address these to fill the knowledge gap and rationalize more efficient therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Lianchun Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States; Bryd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.
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24
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Jung YY, Mohan CD, Rangappa S, Um JY, Chinnathambi A, Alharbi SA, Rangappa KS, Ahn KS. Brucein D imparts a growth inhibitory effect in multiple myeloma cells by abrogating the Akt-driven signaling pathway. IUBMB Life 2023; 75:149-160. [PMID: 36262053 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The Akt signaling pathway is an oncogenic cascade activated in the bone marrow microenvironment of multiple myeloma (MM) cells and contributes to their uncontrolled proliferation. Abrogation of Akt signaling has been presented as one of the prime therapeutic targets in the treatment of MM. In the present report, we have investigated the effect of Brucein D (BD) on Akt-driven signaling events in MM cells. BD (300 nM) substantially inhibited cell viability and imparted growth-inhibitory effects in U266 cells as evidenced by cell viability assays and flow cytometric analysis. Effect of BD on cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. Apoptotic cells and cell cycle arrest by BD were analyzed by flow cytometer. The results of the TUNEL assay and western blotting showed that BD induces apoptosis of MM cells by activating caspase-8 and 9 with subsequent reduction in the expression of antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, survivin, cyclin D1, COX-2, VEGF, MMP-9). Analysis of activated kinases by Phospho-Kinase Array Kit revealed that Akt, p70S6K, HSP60, p53, and WNK1 were strongly expressed in untreated cells and BD treatment reversed this effect. Using transfection experiments, AKT depletion led to a decrease in phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR, p70S6K, and WNK. However, Akt overexpression led to increase in phosphorylation of these proteins. Depletion of Akt potentiated the apoptosis-inducing effect of BD whereas overexpression displayed resistance to BD-induced apoptosis suggesting the role of Akt in chemoresistance. Taken together, BD mitigates Akt-dependent signaling pathways in MM cells to impart its anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Yun Jung
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Shobith Rangappa
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, BG Nagara, India
| | - Jae-Young Um
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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25
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Lebsir N, Zoulim F, Grigorov B. Heparanase-1: From Cancer Biology to a Future Antiviral Target. Viruses 2023; 15:237. [PMID: 36680276 PMCID: PMC9860851 DOI: 10.3390/v15010237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are a major constituent of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and are found to be implicated in viral infections, where they play a role in both cell entry and release for many viruses. The enzyme heparanase-1 is the only known endo-beta-D-glucuronidase capable of degrading heparan sulphate (HS) chains of HSPGs and is thus important for regulating ECM homeostasis. Heparanase-1 expression is tightly regulated as the uncontrolled cleavage of HS may result in abnormal cell activation and significant tissue damage. The overexpression of heparanase-1 correlates with pathological scenarios and is observed in different human malignancies, such as lymphoma, breast, colon, lung, and hepatocellular carcinomas. Interestingly, heparanase-1 has also been documented to be involved in numerous viral infections, e.g., HSV-1, HPV, DENV. Moreover, very recent reports have demonstrated a role of heparanase-1 in HCV and SARS-CoV-2 infections. Due to the undenied pro-carcinogenic role of heparanase-1, multiple inhibitors have been developed, some reaching phase II and III in clinical studies. However, the use of heparanase inhibitors as antivirals has not yet been proposed. If it can be assumed that heparanase-1 is implicated in numerous viral life cycles, its inhibition by specific heparanase-acting compounds should result in a blockage of viral infection. This review addresses the perspectives of using heparanase inhibitors, not only for cancer treatment, but also as antivirals. Eventually, the development of a novel class antivirals targeting a cellular protein could help to alleviate the resistance problems seen with some current antiretroviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadjet Lebsir
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69434 Lyon, France
- Confluence: Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598), UCLy, 10 Place des Archives, 69002 Lyon, France
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69434 Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France
| | - Boyan Grigorov
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69434 Lyon, France
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26
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Schleyer KA, Liu J, Chen Z, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Zuo J, Ybargollin AJ, Guo H, Cui L. A Universal and Modular Scaffold for Heparanase Activatable Probes and Drugs. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:2290-2298. [PMID: 36346913 PMCID: PMC10897860 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Heparanase (HPSE) is an endo-β-glucuronidase involved in extracellular matrix remodeling in rapidly healing tissues, most cancers and inflammation, and viral infection. Its importance as a therapeutic target warrants further study, but such is hampered by a lack of research tools. To expand the toolkits for probing HPSE enzymatic activity, we report the design of a substrate scaffold for HPSE comprised of a disaccharide substrate appended with a linker, capable of carrying cargo until being cleaved by HPSE. Here exemplified as a fluorogenic, coumarin-based imaging probe, this scaffold can potentially expand the availability of HPSE-responsive imaging or drug delivery tools using a variety of imaging moieties or other cargo. We show that electronic tuning of the scaffold provides a robust response to HPSE while simplifying the structural requirements of the attached cargo. Molecular docking and modeling suggest a productive probe/HPSE binding mode. These results further support the hypothesis that the reactivity of these HPSE-responsive probes is predominantly influenced by the electron density of the aglycone. This universal HPSE-activatable scaffold will greatly facilitate future development of HPSE-responsive probes and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelton A Schleyer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Zixin Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Zhishen Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Yuzhao Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Junxiang Zuo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Alberto Jimenez Ybargollin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Lina Cui
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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27
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He P, Zhang X, Xia K, Green DE, Baytas S, Xu Y, Pham T, Liu J, Zhang F, Almond A, Linhardt RJ, DeAngelis PL. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of sulfur-linked sugar polymers as heparanase inhibitors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7438. [PMID: 36460670 PMCID: PMC9718760 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34788-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex carbohydrates (glycans) are major players in all organisms due to their structural, energy, and communication roles. This last essential role involves interacting and/or signaling through a plethora of glycan-binding proteins. The design and synthesis of glycans as potential drug candidates that selectively alter or perturb metabolic processes is challenging. Here we describe the first reported sulfur-linked polysaccharides with potentially altered conformational state(s) that are recalcitrant to digestion by heparanase, an enzyme important in human health and disease. An artificial sugar donor with a sulfhydryl functionality is synthesized and enzymatically incorporated into polysaccharide chains utilizing heparosan synthase. Used alone, this donor adds a single thio-sugar onto the termini of nascent chains. Surprisingly, in chain co-polymerization reactions with a second donor, this thiol-terminated heparosan also serves as an acceptor to form an unnatural thio-glycosidic bond ('S-link') between sugar residues in place of a natural 'O-linked' bond. S-linked heparan sulfate analogs are not cleaved by human heparanase. Furthermore, the analogs act as competitive inhibitors with > ~200-fold higher potency than expected; as a rationale, molecular dynamic simulations suggest that the S-link polymer conformations mimic aspects of the transition state. Our analogs form the basis for future cancer therapeutics and modulators of protein/sugar interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng He
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St., Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ke Xia
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St., Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Dixy E Green
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Oklahoma, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Sultan Baytas
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St., Troy, NY, 12180, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yongmei Xu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Truong Pham
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St., Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Andrew Almond
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1, 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St., Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
| | - Paul L DeAngelis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Oklahoma, OK, 73104, USA.
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28
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Zhang J, Jung YY, Mohan CD, Deivasigamani A, Chinnathambi A, Alharbi SA, Rangappa KS, Hui KM, Sethi G, Ahn KS. Nimbolide enhances the antitumor effect of docetaxel via abrogation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in prostate cancer preclinical models. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119344. [PMID: 36007677 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most frequent type of cancer that affects men. Docetaxel (DTX) administration is the front-line therapy for patients with advanced prostate cancer and unfortunately, half of these patients develop resistance to DTX which could be due to its ability to activate the NF-κB pathway. The combinational effect of DTX and nimbolide on proliferation, apoptosis, activation of NF-κB, DNA binding ability of NF-κB, and expression of NF-κB-targeted gene products was investigated. The antitumor and antimetastatic effect of DTX or NL alone or in combination was also examined. The co-administration of NL and DTX resulted in a significant loss of cell viability with enhanced apoptosis in DTX-sensitive/resistant prostate cancer cells. NL abrogated DTX-triggered NF-κB activation and expression of its downstream antiapoptotic factors (survivin, Bcl-2, and XIAP). The combination of NL and DTX significantly reduced the DNA binding ability of NF-κB in both cell types. NL significantly enhanced the antitumor effect of DTX and reduced metastases in orthotopic models of prostate cancer. NL abolishes DTX-induced-NF-κB activation to counteract cell proliferation, tumor growth, and metastasis in the prostate cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Young Yun Jung
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Amudha Deivasigamani
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, 169610, Singapore
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Kam Man Hui
- Department of Studies in Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Hashemi M, Hajimazdarany S, Mohan CD, Mohammadi M, Rezaei S, Olyaee Y, Goldoost Y, Ghorbani A, Mirmazloomi SR, Gholinia N, Kakavand A, Salimimoghadam S, Ertas YN, Rangappa KS, Taheriazam A, Entezari M. Long non-coding RNA/epithelial-mesenchymal transition axis in human cancers: Tumorigenesis, chemoresistance, and radioresistance. Pharmacol Res 2022; 186:106535. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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30
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Heparanase modulates the prognosis and development of BRAF V600E-mutant colorectal cancer by regulating AKT/p27Kip1/Cyclin E2 pathway. Oncogenesis 2022; 11:58. [PMID: 36130926 PMCID: PMC9492760 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-022-00428-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BRAF V600E-mutant colorectal cancer (CRC) is a rare subtype of colorectal cancer with poor prognosis. Compelling evidence indicates that the heparanase (HPSE) gene has multiple functions in cancer, however, its role in BRAF V600E-mutant CRC remains elusive. Differentially expressed genes between BRAF V600E-mutant and wild-type patients were explored by analyzing public data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus. Clinical samples of 172 patients with BRAF V600E-mutant CRC diagnosed at Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University were collected. Overall survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models. Cell models and xenografts were utilized to investigate the effect of HPSE on tumor proliferation. HPSE was significantly highly expressed in the BRAF V600E-mutant group. High HPSE expression level was independently associated with inferior survival in the BRAF V600E-mutant cohort. HPSE knockdown impeded tumor proliferation of BRAF V600E-mutant CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, HPSE silencing arrested cell cycle in G0/G1 phase by downregulating Cyclin E2 expression via the AKT/p27Kip1 pathway. These findings support a role for HPSE in promoting BRAF V600E-mutant CRC progression, which suggests it holds great promise as a prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for the aggressive CRC subtype.
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31
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Yuan F, Yang Y, Zhou H, Quan J, Liu C, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Yu X. Heparanase in cancer progression: Structure, substrate recognition and therapeutic potential. Front Chem 2022; 10:926353. [PMID: 36157032 PMCID: PMC9500389 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.926353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparanase, a member of the carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZy) GH79 family, is an endo-β-glucuronidase capable of degrading the carbohydrate moiety of heparan sulphate proteoglycans, thus modulating and facilitating remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Heparanase activity is strongly associated with major human pathological complications, including but not limited to tumour progress, angiogenesis and inflammation, which make heparanase a valuable therapeutic target. Long-due crystallographic structures of human and bacterial heparanases have been recently determined. Though the overall architecture of human heparanase is generally comparable to that of bacterial glucuronidases, remarkable differences exist in their substrate recognition mode. Better understanding of regulatory mechanisms of heparanase in substrate recognition would provide novel insight into the anti-heparanase inhibitor development as well as potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xing Yu
- *Correspondence: Yujing Zhang, ; Xing Yu,
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32
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Jadimurthy R, Mayegowda SB, Nayak S, Mohan CD, Rangappa KS. Escaping mechanisms of ESKAPE pathogens from antibiotics and their targeting by natural compounds. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 34:e00728. [PMID: 35686013 PMCID: PMC9171455 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The microorganisms that have developed resistance to available therapeutic agents are threatening the globe and multidrug resistance among the bacterial pathogens is becoming a major concern of public health worldwide. Bacteria develop protective mechanisms to counteract the deleterious effects of antibiotics, which may eventually result in loss of growth-inhibitory potential of antibiotics. ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.) pathogens display multidrug resistance and virulence through various mechanisms and it is the need of the hour to discover or design new antibiotics against ESKAPE pathogens. In this article, we have discussed the mechanisms acquired by ESKAPE pathogens to counteract the effect of antibiotics and elaborated on recently discovered secondary metabolites derived from bacteria and plant sources that are endowed with good antibacterial activity towards pathogenic bacteria in general, ESKAPE organisms in particular. Abyssomicin C, allicin, anthracimycin, berberine, biochanin A, caffeic acid, daptomycin, kibdelomycin, piperine, platensimycin, plazomicin, taxifolin, teixobactin, and thymol are the major metabolites whose antibacterial potential have been discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragi Jadimurthy
- Department of Studies in Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
| | - Shilpa Borehalli Mayegowda
- Dayananda Sagar University, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Shavige Malleswara Hills, Kumaraswamy layout, Bengaluru 560111, India
| | - S.Chandra Nayak
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
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33
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Santos RP, Tovar AM, Oliveira MR, Piquet AA, Capillé NV, Oliveira SN, Correia AH, Farias JN, Vilanova E, Mourão PA. Pharmacokinetic, Hemostatic, and Anticancer Properties of a Low-Anticoagulant Bovine Heparin. TH OPEN 2022; 6:e114-e123. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1745743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractHeparin is a centennial anticoagulant drug broadly employed for treatment and prophylaxis of thromboembolic conditions. Although unfractionated heparin (UFH) has already been shown to have remarkable pharmacological potential for treating a variety of diseases unrelated with thromboembolism, including cancer, atherosclerosis, inflammation, and virus infections, its high anticoagulant potency makes the doses necessary to exert non-hemostatic effects unsafe due to an elevated bleeding risk. Our group recently developed a new low-anticoagulant bovine heparin (LABH) bearing the same disaccharide building blocks of the UFH gold standard sourced from porcine mucosa (HPI) but with anticoagulant potency approximately 85% lower (approximately 25 and 180 Heparin International Units [IU]/mg). In the present work, we investigated the pharmacokinetics profile, bleeding potential, and anticancer properties of LABH administered subcutaneous into mice. LABH showed pharmacokinetics profile similar to HPI but different from the low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) enoxaparin and diminished bleeding potential, even at high doses. Subcutaneous treatment with LABH delays the early progression of Lewis lung carcinoma, improves survival, and brings beneficial health outcomes to the mice, without the advent of adverse effects (hemorrhage/mortality) seen in the animals treated with HPI. These results demonstrate that LABH is a promising candidate for prospecting new therapeutic uses for UFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto P. Santos
- Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana M.F. Tovar
- Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos R. Oliveira
- Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana A. Piquet
- Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nina V. Capillé
- Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Stephan N.M.C.G. Oliveira
- Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana H. Correia
- Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José N. Farias
- Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Laboratório Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Vilanova
- Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo A.S. Mourão
- Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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34
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Sin ZW, Mohan CD, Chinnathambi A, Govindasamy C, Rangappa S, Rangappa KS, Jung YY, Ahn KS. Leelamine Exerts Antineoplastic Effects in Association with Modulating Mitogen‑Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Cascade. Nutr Cancer 2022; 74:3375-3387. [PMID: 35579498 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2059092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is a prominent signaling cascade that modulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, stress response, drug resistance, immune response, and cell motility. Activation of MAPK by various small molecules/natural compounds has been demonstrated to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Herein, the effect of leelamine (LEE, a triterpene derived from bark of pine trees) on the activation of MAPK in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and breast cancer (BC) cells was investigated. LEE induced potent cytotoxicity of HCC (HepG2 and HCCLM3) and BC (MDA-MB-231 and MCF7) cells over normal counterparts (MCF10A). LEE significantly enhanced the phosphorylation of p38 and JNK MAPKs in a dose-dependent fashion and it did not affect the phosphorylation of ERK in HCC and BC cells. The apoptosis-driving effect of LEE was further demonstrated by cleavage of procaspase-3/Bid and suppression of prosurvival proteins (Bcl-xL and XIAP). Furthermore, LEE also reduced the SDF1-induced-migration and -invasion of HCC and BC cells. Taken together, the data demonstrated that LEE promotes apoptosis and induces an anti-motility effect by activating p38 and JNK MAPKs in HCC and BC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Wayne Sin
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chandramohan Govindasamy
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shobith Rangappa
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, Adichunchanagiri University, BG Nagara, India
| | | | - Young Yun Jung
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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35
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Chhabra M, Wilson JC, Wu L, Davies GJ, Gandhi NS, Ferro V. Structural Insights into Pixatimod (PG545) Inhibition of Heparanase, a Key Enzyme in Cancer and Viral Infections. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104222. [PMID: 34981584 PMCID: PMC9303737 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Pixatimod (PG545), a heparan sulfate (HS) mimetic and anticancer agent currently in clinical trials, is a potent inhibitor of heparanase. Heparanase is an endo‐β‐glucuronidase that degrades HS in the extracellular matrix and basement membranes and is implicated in numerous pathological processes such as cancer and viral infections, including SARS−CoV‐2. To understand how PG545 interacts with heparanase, we firstly carried out a conformational analysis through a combination of NMR experiments and molecular modelling which showed that the reducing end β‐D‐glucose residue of PG545 adopts a distorted conformation. This was followed by docking and molecular dynamics simulations to study the interactions of PG545 with heparanase, revealing that PG545 is able to block the active site by binding in different conformations, with the cholestanol side‐chain making important hydrophobic interactions. While PG545 blocks its natural substrate HS from binding to the active site, small synthetic heparanase substrates are only partially excluded, and thus pentasaccharide or larger substrates are preferred for assaying this class of inhibitor. This study provides new insights for the design of next‐generation heparanase inhibitors and substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Chhabra
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Jennifer C Wilson
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, Australia
| | - Liang Wu
- The Rosalind Franklin Institute Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK.,Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Gideon J Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Neha S Gandhi
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Vito Ferro
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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36
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Santos R, Tovar AM, Oliveira M, Piquet AA, Capille NVM, Oliveira SNM, Correia A, Farias J, Vilanova E, Mourão PA. Pharmacokinetic, hemostatic and anticancer properties of a low-anticoagulant bovine heparin. TH OPEN 2022. [PMID: 35707626 PMCID: PMC9135479 DOI: 10.1055/a-1750-1300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparin is a centennial anticoagulant drug broadly employed for treatment and prophylaxis of thromboembolic conditions. Although unfractionated heparin (UFH) has already been shown to have remarkable pharmacological potential for treating a variety of diseases unrelated with thromboembolism, including cancer, atherosclerosis, inflammation, and virus infections, its high anticoagulant potency makes the doses necessary to exert non-hemostatic effects unsafe due to an elevated bleeding risk. Our group recently developed a new low-anticoagulant bovine heparin (LABH) bearing the same disaccharide building blocks of the UFH gold standard sourced from porcine mucosa (HPI) but with anticoagulant potency approximately 85% lower (approximately 25 and 180 Heparin International Units [IU]/mg). In the present work, we investigated the pharmacokinetics profile, bleeding potential, and anticancer properties of LABH administered subcutaneous into mice. LABH showed pharmacokinetics profile similar to HPI but different from the low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) enoxaparin and diminished bleeding potential, even at high doses. Subcutaneous treatment with LABH delays the early progression of Lewis lung carcinoma, improves survival, and brings beneficial health outcomes to the mice, without the advent of adverse effects (hemorrhage/mortality) seen in the animals treated with HPI. These results demonstrate that LABH is a promising candidate for prospecting new therapeutic uses for UFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Santos
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana M.F. Tovar
- Instituto de Bioquimica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos Oliveira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana A. Piquet
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nina VM Capille
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Correia
- HUCFF, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Farias
- HUCFF, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Vilanova
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo A.S. Mourão
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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37
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Tang WQ, Hei Y, Lin J. Heparanase-1 is downregulated in chemoradiotherapy orbital rhabdomyosarcoma and relates with tumor growth as well as angiogenesis. Int J Ophthalmol 2022; 15:31-39. [PMID: 35047353 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2022.01.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the role of heparanase-1 (HPSE-1) in orbital rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), and to investigate the feasibility of HPSE-1 targeted therapy for RMS. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze HPSE-1 expression in 51 cases of orbital RMS patients (including 28 cases of embryonal RMS and 23 cases of alveolar RMS), among whom there were 27 treated and 24 untreated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy. In vitro, studies were conducted to examine the effect of HPSE-1 silencing on RMS cell proliferation and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). RD cells (an RMS cell line) and HUVECs were infected with HPSE-1 shRNA lentivirus at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 10 and 30 separately. Real-time PCR and Western blot were applied to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of HPSE-1. Cell viability of treated or control RD cells was evaluated by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Matrigel tube formation assay was used to evaluate the effect of HPSE-1 RNAi on the tube formation of HUVECs. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression rate of HPSE-1 protein was 92.9% in orbital embryonal RMS and 91.3% in orbital alveolar RMS. Tissue from alveolar orbital RMS did not show relatively stronger staining than that from the embryonal orbital RMS. However, despite the types of RMS, comparing the cases treated chemoradiotherapy with those untreated, we have observed that chemoradiotherapy resulted in weaker staining in patients' tissues. The expression levels of HPSE-1 declined significantly in both the mRNA and protein levels in HPSE-1 shRNA transfected RD cells. The CCK-8 assay showed that lentivirus-mediated HPSE-1 silencing resulted in significantly reduced RD cells viability in vitro. Silencing HPSE-1 expression also inhibited VEGF-induced tube formation of HUVECs in Matrigel. CONCLUSION HPSE-1 silencing may be a promising therapy for the inhibition of orbital RMS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Qiang Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yan Hei
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Third Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
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38
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Whitefield C, Hong N, Mitchell JA, Jackson CJ. Computational design and experimental characterisation of a stable human heparanase variant. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:341-349. [PMID: 35382258 PMCID: PMC8905545 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00239b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparanase is the only human enzyme known to hydrolyse heparin sulfate and is involved in many important physiological processes. However, it is also unregulated in many disease states, such as cancer, diabetes and Covid-19. It is thus an important drug target, yet the heterologous production of heparanase is challenging and only possible in mammalian or insect expression systems, which limits the ability of many laboratories to study it. Here we describe the computational redesign of heparanase to allow high yield expression in Escherchia coli. This mutated form of heparanase exhibits essentially identical kinetics, inhibition, structure and protein dynamics to the wild type protein, despite the presence of 26 mutations. This variant will facilitate wider study of this important enzyme and contributes to a growing body of literature that shows evolutionarily conserved and functionally neutral mutations can have significant effects on protein folding and expression. A mutant heparanase that exhibits wild type structure and activity but can be heterologously produced in bacterial protein expression systems.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassidy Whitefield
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Nansook Hong
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Joshua A. Mitchell
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Colin J. Jackson
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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39
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Ramchandani S, Mohan CD, Mistry JR, Su Q, Naz I, Rangappa KS, Ahn KS. The multifaceted antineoplastic role of pyrimethamine against different human malignancies. IUBMB Life 2021; 74:198-212. [PMID: 34921584 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer accounted for nearly 10 million deaths in 2020 and is the second leading cause of death worldwide. The chemotherapeutic agents that are in clinical practice possess a broad range of severe adverse effects towards vital organs which emphasizes the importance of the discovery of new therapeutic agents or repurposing of existing drugs for the treatment of human cancers. Pyrimethamine is an antiparasitic drug used for the treatment of malaria and toxoplasmosis with a well-documented excellent safety profile. In the last five years, numerous efforts have been made to explore the anticancer potential of pyrimethamine in in vitro and in vivo preclinical models and to repurpose it as an anticancer agent. The studies have demonstrated that pyrimethamine inhibits oncogenic proteins such as STAT3, NF-κB, DX2, MAPK, DHFR, thymidine phosphorylase, telomerase, and many more in a different types of cancer models. Moreover, pyrimethamine has been reported to work in synergy with other anticancer agents, such as temozolomide, to induce apoptosis of tumor cells. Recently, the results of phase-1/2 clinical trials demonstrated that pyrimethamine administration reduces the expression of STAT3 signature genes in tumor tissues of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with a good therapeutic response. In the present article, we have reviewed most of the published papers related to the antitumor effects of pyrimethamine in malignancies of breast, liver, lung, skin, ovary, prostate, pituitary, and leukemia in in vitro and in vivo settings. We have also discussed the pharmacokinetic profile and results of clinical trials obtained after pyrimethamine treatment. From these studies, we believe that pyrimethamine has the potential to be repurposed as an anticancer drug. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanaya Ramchandani
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Jenaifer Rustom Mistry
- Jenaifer Rustom Mistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, 639798, Singapore
| | - Qi Su
- Qi Su, Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore
| | - Irum Naz
- Irum Naz, Qaid-i-Azam, University of Islamabad & Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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40
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Arora L, Mohan CD, Yang MH, Rangappa S, Deivasigamani A, Kumar AP, Kunnumakkara AB, Garg M, Chinnathambi A, Alharbi SA, Alahmadi TA, Rangappa KS, Hui KM, Sethi G, Ahn KS. Tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (Tris DBA) Abrogates Tumor Progression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Multiple Myeloma Preclinical Models by Regulating the STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215479. [PMID: 34771643 PMCID: PMC8582575 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary STAT3 is a major oncogenic transcription factor that is constitutively activated in many types of human cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and multiple myeloma (MM). Many STAT3 inhibitors have gained momentum in clinical trials towards the treatment of various cancers. In the present study, we have investigated the STAT3 inhibitory efficacy of Tris DBA, a palladium-based compound, in HCC and MM cancer cells and preclinical cancer models. Tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (Tris DBA) abrogated the STAT3 signaling pathway in both models by elevating the expression of SHP2. Functionally, Tris DBA inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and regressed tumor metastasis. Although many studies propose Tris DBA as a modulator of MAPK, Akt, phospho-S6 kinase, and N-myristoyltransferase-1, we have comprehensively demonstrated for the first time that Tris DBA is an inhibitor of STAT3 signaling in preclinical cancer models. These results support the consideration of Tris DBA in clinical trials in translational relevance. Abstract STAT3 is an oncogenic transcription factor that controls the expression of genes associated with oncogenesis and malignant progression. Persistent activation of STAT3 is observed in human malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and multiple myeloma (MM). Here, we have investigated the action of Tris(dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium 0 (Tris DBA) on STAT3 signaling in HCC and MM cells. Tris DBA decreased cell viability, increased apoptosis, and inhibited IL-6 induced/constitutive activation of STAT3, JAK1, JAK2, and Src in HCC and MM cells. Tris DBA downmodulated the nuclear translocation of STAT3 and reduced its DNA binding ability. It upregulated the expression of SHP2 (protein and mRNA) to induce STAT3 dephosphorylation, and the inhibition of SHP2 reversed this effect. Tris DBA downregulated the expression of STAT3-driven genes, suppressed cell migration/invasion. Tris DBA significantly inhibited tumor growth in xenograft MM and orthotopic HCC preclinical mice models with a reduction in the expression of various prosurvival biomarkers in MM tumor tissues without displaying significant toxicity. Overall, Tris DBA functions as a good inhibitor of STAT3 signaling in preclinical HCC and MM models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loukik Arora
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore; (L.A.); (A.P.K.)
| | | | - Min Hee Yang
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology and Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Shobith Rangappa
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, Adichunchanagiri University, BG Nagara, Nagamangala Taluk 571448, India;
| | - Amudha Deivasigamani
- National Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, Singapore 169610, Singapore;
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore; (L.A.); (A.P.K.)
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, and Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India;
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida 201313, India;
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.C.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.C.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Tahani Awad Alahmadi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, King Khalid University Hospital, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Kam Man Hui
- National Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, Singapore 169610, Singapore;
- Correspondence: (K.M.H.); (G.S.); (K.S.A.)
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore; (L.A.); (A.P.K.)
- Correspondence: (K.M.H.); (G.S.); (K.S.A.)
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology and Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Correspondence: (K.M.H.); (G.S.); (K.S.A.)
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41
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Wagner MFMG, Theodoro TR, Filho CDASM, Oyafuso LKM, Pinhal MAS. Extracellular matrix alterations in the skin of patients affected by psoriasis. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:55. [PMID: 34715781 PMCID: PMC8555298 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-021-00395-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease dependent upon a complex interaction between genetic predisposition and immunological factors. It is characterized by skin lesions throughout the body, causing great morbidity and affecting life quality. The present study aimed to evaluate the protein and mRNA expression of heparanase-1 (HPSE), heparanase-2 (HPSE2), syndecan-1 (SYND1), metalloproteinases (MMP2, MMP9), and tissue inhibitor metalloproteinases 2 (TIMP2) in skin samples. METHODS From each psoriasis patient, two samples were collected, one sample from a psoriasis plaque (n = 23) and the other sample from non-affected skin (n = 23), as well as tissue collected by blepharoplasty from control individuals (n = 18). Protein expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry, followed by digital quantification. Quantitative RT-PCR obtained mRNA expression. Statistical analyses were done, and p values < 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS A significant increase in protein and mRNA expression was observed in both heparanases (HPSE and HPSE2), and higher protein levels of MMP9 and TIMP2 were observed in the psoriasis plaque compared to the non-affected skin. The data point to a probable activation of MMP2 by TIMP2. Moreover, there was a significant increase in HPSE2, SYND1, MMP9, and TIMP2 in non-affected skin samples from patients with psoriasis than in the control sample (tissue obtained by individuals who do not have psoriasis). CONCLUSIONS These results show a possible correlation between the characteristic inflammatory process and alterations in the expression of the extracellular matrix in psoriasis. The increased expression of HPSE2, SYND1, MMP9, and TIMP2, even in the absence of psoriatic plaque, indicates that these molecules may be involved with extracellular matrix changes in the initial alterations the psoriatic process and may be candidates for the development of target treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thérèse Rachell Theodoro
- Biochemistry Department of Centro Universitário Saúde ABC (FMABC), Avenida Lauro Gomes 2000, Santo André, São Paulo, CEP 09060870, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Aparecida Silva Pinhal
- Biochemistry Department of Centro Universitário Saúde ABC (FMABC), Avenida Lauro Gomes 2000, Santo André, São Paulo, CEP 09060870, Brazil.
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Mayfosh AJ, Nguyen TK, Hulett MD. The Heparanase Regulatory Network in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011096. [PMID: 34681753 PMCID: PMC8541136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a structural framework that has many important physiological functions which include maintaining tissue structure and integrity, serving as a barrier to invading pathogens, and acting as a reservoir for bioactive molecules. This cellular scaffold is made up of various types of macromolecules including heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). HSPGs comprise a protein core linked to the complex glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate (HS), the remodeling of which is important for many physiological processes such as wound healing as well as pathological processes including cancer metastasis. Turnover of HS is tightly regulated by a single enzyme capable of cleaving HS side chains: heparanase. Heparanase upregulation has been identified in many inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis, fibrosis, and cancer, where it has been shown to play multiple roles in processes such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and cancer metastasis. Heparanase expression and activity are tightly regulated. Understanding the regulation of heparanase and its downstream targets is attractive for the development of treatments for these diseases. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the regulators of heparanase as well as the enzyme’s downstream gene and protein targets, and implications for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyce J. Mayfosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia; (A.J.M.); (T.K.N.)
| | - Tien K. Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia; (A.J.M.); (T.K.N.)
| | - Mark D. Hulett
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia; (A.J.M.); (T.K.N.)
- Correspondence:
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Cousin R, Groult H, Manseur C, Ferru-Clément R, Gani M, Havret R, Toucheteau C, Prunier G, Colin B, Morel F, Piot JM, Lanneluc I, Baranger K, Maugard T, Fruitier-Arnaudin I. A Marine λ-Oligocarrageenan Inhibits Migratory and Invasive Ability of MDA-MB-231 Human Breast Cancer Cells through Actions on Heparanase Metabolism and MMP-14/MMP-2 Axis. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19100546. [PMID: 34677445 PMCID: PMC8539239 DOI: 10.3390/md19100546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar-based molecules such as heparins or natural heparan sulfate polysaccharides have been developed and widely studied for controlling heparanase (HPSE) enzymatic activity, a key player in extracellular matrix remodelling during cancer pathogenesis. However, non-enzymatic functions of HPSE have also been described in tumour mechanisms. Given their versatile properties, we hypothesized that sugar-based inhibitors may interfere with enzymatic but also non-enzymatic HPSE activities. In this work, we assessed the effects of an original marine λ-carrageenan derived oligosaccharide (λ-CO) we previously described, along with those of its native counterpart and heparins, on cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells but also of sh-MDA-MB-231 cells, in which the expression of HPSE was selectively downregulated. We observed no cytotoxic and no anti-proliferative effects of our compounds but surprisingly λ-CO was the most efficient to reduce cell migration and invasion compared with heparins, and in a HPSE-dependent manner. We provided evidence that λ-CO tightly controlled a HPSE/MMP-14/MMP-2 axis, leading to reduced MMP-2 activity. Altogether, this study highlights λ-CO as a potent HPSE “modulator” capable of reducing not only the enzymatic activity of HPSE but also the functions controlled by the HPSE levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Cousin
- BCBS Group (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), Laboratoire Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, La Rochelle University, UMR CNRS 7266, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (R.C.); (H.G.); (C.M.); (R.F.-C.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (B.C.); (J.-M.P.); (I.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Hugo Groult
- BCBS Group (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), Laboratoire Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, La Rochelle University, UMR CNRS 7266, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (R.C.); (H.G.); (C.M.); (R.F.-C.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (B.C.); (J.-M.P.); (I.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Chanez Manseur
- BCBS Group (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), Laboratoire Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, La Rochelle University, UMR CNRS 7266, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (R.C.); (H.G.); (C.M.); (R.F.-C.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (B.C.); (J.-M.P.); (I.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Romain Ferru-Clément
- BCBS Group (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), Laboratoire Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, La Rochelle University, UMR CNRS 7266, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (R.C.); (H.G.); (C.M.); (R.F.-C.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (B.C.); (J.-M.P.); (I.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Mario Gani
- BCBS Group (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), Laboratoire Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, La Rochelle University, UMR CNRS 7266, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (R.C.); (H.G.); (C.M.); (R.F.-C.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (B.C.); (J.-M.P.); (I.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Rachel Havret
- BCBS Group (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), Laboratoire Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, La Rochelle University, UMR CNRS 7266, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (R.C.); (H.G.); (C.M.); (R.F.-C.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (B.C.); (J.-M.P.); (I.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Claire Toucheteau
- BCBS Group (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), Laboratoire Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, La Rochelle University, UMR CNRS 7266, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (R.C.); (H.G.); (C.M.); (R.F.-C.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (B.C.); (J.-M.P.); (I.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Grégoire Prunier
- BCBS Group (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), Laboratoire Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, La Rochelle University, UMR CNRS 7266, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (R.C.); (H.G.); (C.M.); (R.F.-C.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (B.C.); (J.-M.P.); (I.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Béatrice Colin
- BCBS Group (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), Laboratoire Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, La Rochelle University, UMR CNRS 7266, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (R.C.); (H.G.); (C.M.); (R.F.-C.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (B.C.); (J.-M.P.); (I.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Franck Morel
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, Poitiers University, LITEC EA 4331, 86073 Poitiers, France;
| | - Jean-Marie Piot
- BCBS Group (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), Laboratoire Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, La Rochelle University, UMR CNRS 7266, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (R.C.); (H.G.); (C.M.); (R.F.-C.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (B.C.); (J.-M.P.); (I.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Isabelle Lanneluc
- BCBS Group (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), Laboratoire Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, La Rochelle University, UMR CNRS 7266, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (R.C.); (H.G.); (C.M.); (R.F.-C.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (B.C.); (J.-M.P.); (I.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Kévin Baranger
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, 13385 Marseille, France;
| | - Thierry Maugard
- BCBS Group (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), Laboratoire Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, La Rochelle University, UMR CNRS 7266, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (R.C.); (H.G.); (C.M.); (R.F.-C.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (B.C.); (J.-M.P.); (I.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Ingrid Fruitier-Arnaudin
- BCBS Group (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), Laboratoire Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, La Rochelle University, UMR CNRS 7266, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (R.C.); (H.G.); (C.M.); (R.F.-C.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (B.C.); (J.-M.P.); (I.L.); (T.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-546-458-562
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Furini S, Falciani C. Expression and Role of Heparan Sulfated Proteoglycans in Pancreatic Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:695858. [PMID: 34249755 PMCID: PMC8267412 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.695858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a lethal condition with poor outcomes and an increasing incidence. The unfavourable prognosis is due to the lack of early symptoms and consequent late diagnosis. An effective method for the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is therefore sought by many researchers in the field. Heparan sulfated proteoglycan-related genes are often expressed differently in tumors than in normal tissues. Alteration of the tumor microenvironment is correlated with the ability of heparan sulfated proteoglycans to bind cytokines and growth factors and eventually to influence tumor progression. Here we discuss the importance of glypicans, syndecans, perlecan and extracellular matrix modifying enzymes, such as heparanases and sulfatases, as potential diagnostics in pancreatic cancer. We also ran an analysis on a multidimensional cancer genomics database for heparan sulfated proteoglycan-related genes, and report altered expression of some of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Furini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Falciani
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Chhabra M, Doherty GG, See NW, Gandhi NS, Ferro V. From Cancer to COVID-19: A Perspective on Targeting Heparan Sulfate-Protein Interactions. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3087-3101. [PMID: 34145723 PMCID: PMC8441866 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a complex, polyanionic polysaccharide ubiquitously expressed on cell surfaces and in the extracellular matrix. HS interacts with numerous proteins to mediate a vast array of biological and pathological processes. Inhibition of HS‐protein interactions is thus an attractive approach for new therapeutic development for cancer and infectious diseases, including COVID‐19; however, synthesis of well‐defined native HS oligosaccharides remains challenging. This has aroused significant interest in the development of HS mimetics which are more synthetically tractable and have fewer side effects, such as undesired anticoagulant activity. This account provides a perspective on the design and synthesis of different classes of HS mimetics with useful properties, and the development of various assays and molecular modelling tools to progress our understanding of their interactions with HS‐binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Chhabra
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, 4072, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gareth G Doherty
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, 4072, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicholas W See
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, 4072, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Neha S Gandhi
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 4000, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Vito Ferro
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, 4072, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Barash U, Rangappa S, Mohan CD, Vishwanath D, Boyango I, Basappa B, Vlodavsky I, Rangappa KS. New Heparanase-Inhibiting Triazolo-Thiadiazoles Attenuate Primary Tumor Growth and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122959. [PMID: 34199150 PMCID: PMC8231572 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Heparanase is an endoglycosidase that plays a critical role in tumor progression and metastasis. The expression of heparanase in the tumor microenvironment is positively correlated with the aggressiveness of the tumor and is associated with poor prognosis. In this study, we have demonstrated that a new triazole–thiadiazole-bearing small molecule showed good heparanase inhibition along with attenuation of tumor growth and metastasis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing a marked decrease in primary tumor growth in mice treated with a small molecule that inhibits heparanase enzymatic activity. Given these encouraging results, studies are underway to better elucidate the mode of action and clinical significance of triazolo–thiadiazoles. Abstract Compelling evidence ties heparanase, an endoglycosidase that cleaves heparan sulfate side (HS) chains of proteoglycans, with all steps of tumor development, including tumor initiation, angiogenesis, growth, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Moreover, heparanase levels correlate with shorter postoperative survival of cancer patients, encouraging the development of heparanase inhibitors as anti-cancer drugs. Heparanase-inhibiting heparin/heparan sulfate-mimicking compounds and neutralizing antibodies are highly effective in animal models of cancer progression, yet none of the compounds reached the stage of approval for clinical use. The present study focused on newly synthesized triazolo–thiadiazoles, of which compound 4-iodo-2-(3-(p-tolyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-6-yl)phenol (4-MMI) was identified as a potent inhibitor of heparanase enzymatic activity, cell invasion, experimental metastasis, and tumor growth in mouse models. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing a marked decrease in primary tumor growth in mice treated with small molecules that inhibit heparanase enzymatic activity. This result encourages the optimization of 4-MMI for preclinical and clinical studies primarily in cancer but also other indications (i.e., colitis, pancreatitis, diabetic nephropathy, tissue fibrosis) involving heparanase, including viral infection and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Barash
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel; (U.B.); (I.B.)
| | - Shobith Rangappa
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, BG Nagara, Nagamangala Taluk 571448, India;
| | | | - Divakar Vishwanath
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India; (D.V.); (B.B.)
| | - Ilanit Boyango
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel; (U.B.); (I.B.)
| | - Basappa Basappa
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India; (D.V.); (B.B.)
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel; (U.B.); (I.B.)
- Correspondence: (I.V.); (K.S.R.)
| | - Kanchugarakoppal S. Rangappa
- Institution of Excellence, Vijnana Bhavan, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
- Correspondence: (I.V.); (K.S.R.)
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Heparanase inhibition preserves the endothelial glycocalyx in lung grafts and improves lung preservation and transplant outcomes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12265. [PMID: 34112915 PMCID: PMC8192744 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91777-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelial glycocalyx (eGC) is considered a key regulator of several mechanisms that prevent vascular injury and disease. Degradation of this macromolecular layer may be associated with post-transplant graft dysfunction. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the benefits of eGC protection via heparanase inhibition on graft quality. We established rat models of lung grafts with damaged or preserved eGC using ischemic insult and transplanted the grafts into recipients. Lung grafts were also subjected to normothermic ex vivo lung perfusion for detailed assessment under isolated conditions. Physiologic parameters and eGC-associated cellular events were assessed in grafts before and after reperfusion. Structurally degraded eGC and highly activated heparanase were confirmed in lungs with ischemic insult. After transplant, lungs with damaged eGC exhibited impaired graft function, inflammation, edema, and inflammatory cell migration. Increased eGC shedding was evident in the lungs after reperfusion both in vivo and ex vivo. These reperfusion-related deficiencies were significantly attenuated in lungs with preserved eGC following heparanase inhibition. Our studies demonstrated that eGC plays a key role in maintaining lung graft quality and function. Heparanase inhibition may serve as a potential therapeutic to preserve eGC integrity, leading to improved post-transplant outcomes.
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Zahavi T, Salmon-Divon M, Salgado R, Elkin M, Hermano E, Rubinstein AM, Francis PA, Di Leo A, Viale G, de Azambuja E, Ameye L, Sotiriou C, Salmon A, Kravchenko-Balasha N, Sonnenblick A. Heparanase: a potential marker of worse prognosis in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2021; 7:67. [PMID: 34050190 PMCID: PMC8163849 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-021-00277-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparanase promotes tumor growth in breast tumors. We now evaluated heparanase protein and gene-expression status and investigated its impact on disease-free survival in order to gain better insight into the role of heparanase in ER-positive (ER+) breast cancer prognosis and to clarify its role in cell survival following chemotherapy. Using pooled analysis of gene-expression data, we found that heparanase was associated with a worse prognosis in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) tumors (log-rank p < 10-10) and predictive to chemotherapy resistance (interaction p = 0.0001) but not hormonal therapy (Interaction p = 0.62). These results were confirmed by analysis of data from a phase III, prospective randomized trial which showed that heparanase protein expression is associated with increased risk of recurrence in ER+ breast tumors (log-rank p = 0.004). In vitro experiments showed that heparanase promoted tumor progression and increased cell viability via epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stemness, and anti-apoptosis pathways in luminal breast cancer. Taken together, our results demonstrated that heparanase is associated with worse outcomes and increased cell viability in ER+ BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Zahavi
- Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Mali Salmon-Divon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Roberto Salgado
- Division of Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Pathology, GZA-ZNA Hospitals, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michael Elkin
- Department of Oncology, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Esther Hermano
- Department of Oncology, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ariel M Rubinstein
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Prudence A Francis
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Breast Cancer Trials Australia & New Zealand, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Angelo Di Leo
- Sandro Pitigliani Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital of Prato, Prato, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Viale
- The University of Milan, and IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Evandro de Azambuja
- Institut Jules Bordet and l'Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lieveke Ameye
- Institut Jules Bordet and l'Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christos Sotiriou
- Institut Jules Bordet and l'Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Amir Sonnenblick
- Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Computational Investigation Identified Potential Chemical Scaffolds for Heparanase as Anticancer Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105311. [PMID: 34156395 PMCID: PMC8157885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparanase (Hpse) is an endo-β-D-glucuronidase capable of cleaving heparan sulfate side chains. Its upregulated expression is implicated in tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis, thus making it an attractive target in cancer therapeutics. Currently, a few small molecule inhibitors have been reported to inhibit Hpse, with promising oral administration and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties. In the present study, a ligand-based pharmacophore model was generated from a dataset of well-known active small molecule Hpse inhibitors which were observed to display favorable PK properties. The compounds from the InterBioScreen database of natural (69,034) and synthetic (195,469) molecules were first filtered for their drug-likeness and the pharmacophore model was used to screen the drug-like database. The compounds acquired from screening were subjected to molecular docking with Heparanase, where two molecules used in pharmacophore generation were used as reference. From the docking analysis, 33 compounds displayed higher docking scores than the reference and favorable interactions with the catalytic residues. Complex interactions were further evaluated by molecular dynamics simulations to assess their stability over a period of 50 ns. Furthermore, the binding free energies of the 33 compounds revealed 2 natural and 2 synthetic compounds, with better binding affinities than reference molecules, and were, therefore, deemed as hits. The hit compounds presented from this in silico investigation could act as potent Heparanase inhibitors and further serve as lead scaffolds to develop compounds targeting Heparanase upregulation in cancer.
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Impact of Adjuvant Treatment on Heparanase Concentration in Invasive, Unilateral Breast Cancer Patients: Results of a Prospective Single-Centre Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10102184. [PMID: 34070058 PMCID: PMC8158114 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10102184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In recent years, great progress has been made in the treatment of breast cancer, but it is still one of the ten leading causes of death in women. The aim of the study was to evaluate the heparanase concentration of invasive breast cancer (IBrC) patients, before and after cancer adjuvant treatment. Methods: Eighty patients with stage IA to IIB IBrC receiving adjuvant treatment were included prospectively in this study. The heparanase concentrations were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A univariate analysis was used to estimate the factors influencing the low or high pre-treatment concentration of heparanase and the low or high numerical decrease in heparanase concentration after completion of adjuvant treatment. Results: Treatment reduced the concentration of heparanase by almost four times in the general IBrC cohort. Higher levels of pre- and post-treatment heparanase were noted in oestrogen receptor-negative cancers than in positive ones. A higher post-treatment concentration of heparanase was found in patients with a triple-negative tumour compared to patients with a luminal B HER2 negative type of IBrC. Overweight IBrC subjects and those with a tumour diameter of ≥2 cm demonstrated a lower chance of a lower pre-treatment heparanase concentration. Interestingly, a pre-treatment heparanase concentration is the main predictor of the changes in heparanase concentration after adjuvant treatment. Follow-up revealed significantly lower progression-free survival (PFS) rates in IBrC patients with a pre-treatment concentration of heparanase higher than 181.46 pg/mL (PFS = 80%). Conclusions: Our findings provide supporting evidence that IBrC therapy reduced the heparanase levels, regardless of treatment patterns and a pre-treatment concentration of heparanase may serve as a prognostic indicator for future outcomes.
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