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Usui-Kawanishi F, Kani K, Karasawa T, Honda H, Takayama N, Takahashi M, Takatsu K, Nagai Y. Isoliquiritigenin inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation with CAPS mutations by suppressing caspase-1 activation and mutated NLRP3 aggregation. Genes Cells 2024; 29:423-431. [PMID: 38366709 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome contributes to the development of inflammatory diseases. Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS) is an autoinflammatory disease caused by NLRP3 gene mutations that results in excessive IL-1β production. We previously identified isoliquiritigenin (ILG), a component of Glycyrrhiza uralensis extracts, as a potent inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Here, we aimed to investigate whether ILG inhibits the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome caused by NLRP3 gene mutations. We demonstrated that ILG significantly inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and IL-1β production in two CAPS model THP-1 cell lines, NLRP3-D303N and NLRP3-L353P, in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 inhibited LDH release and IL-1β production in NLRP3-D303N cells, but not in NLRP3-L353P cells. Western blotting and caspase-1 activity assays showed that ILG, as well as caspase inhibitors, including Z-VAD and YVAD, suppressed caspase-1 activation. Notably, ILG prevented cryo-sensitive foci formation of NLRP3 without affecting the levels of intracellular Ca2+. We concluded that ILG effectively prevents the constitutive activation of the inflammasome associated with NLRP3 gene mutations by inhibiting the aggregation of cryo-sensitive mutated NLRP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumitake Usui-Kawanishi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Japan
| | - Koudai Kani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Karasawa
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Hiroe Honda
- Toyama Prefectural Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, Imizu, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takayama
- Toyama Prefectural Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, Imizu, Japan
| | - Masafumi Takahashi
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takatsu
- Toyama Prefectural Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, Imizu, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Nagai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Japan
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2
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Matsuda R, Sorobetea D, Zhang J, Peterson ST, Grayczyk JP, Yost W, Apenes N, Kovalik ME, Herrmann B, O’Neill RJ, Bohrer AC, Lanza M, Assenmacher CA, Mayer-Barber KD, Shin S, Brodsky IE. A TNF-IL-1 circuit controls Yersinia within intestinal pyogranulomas. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20230679. [PMID: 38363547 PMCID: PMC10873131 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine that mediates antimicrobial defense and granuloma formation in response to infection by numerous pathogens. We previously reported that Yersinia pseudotuberculosis colonizes the intestinal mucosa and induces the recruitment of neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes into organized immune structures termed pyogranulomas (PG) that control Yersinia infection. Inflammatory monocytes are essential for the control and clearance of Yersinia within intestinal PG, but how monocytes mediate Yersinia restriction is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that TNF signaling in monocytes is required for bacterial containment following enteric Yersinia infection. We further show that monocyte-intrinsic TNFR1 signaling drives the production of monocyte-derived interleukin-1 (IL-1), which signals through IL-1 receptors on non-hematopoietic cells to enable PG-mediated control of intestinal Yersinia infection. Altogether, our work reveals a monocyte-intrinsic TNF-IL-1 collaborative inflammatory circuit that restricts intestinal Yersinia infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Matsuda
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Sorobetea
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jenna Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stefan T. Peterson
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James P. Grayczyk
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Winslow Yost
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicolai Apenes
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria E. Kovalik
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Beatrice Herrmann
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rosemary J. O’Neill
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrea C. Bohrer
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew Lanza
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Charles-Antoine Assenmacher
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katrin D. Mayer-Barber
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sunny Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Igor E. Brodsky
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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3
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An M, Fu X, Meng X, Liu H, Ma Y, Li Y, Li Q, Chen J. PI3K/AKT signaling pathway associates with pyroptosis and inflammation in patients with endometriosis. J Reprod Immunol 2024; 162:104213. [PMID: 38364342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2024.104213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Endometriosis (EMS) is known to be closely associated with inflammation. We evaluate the possible mechanism linking the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway with pyroptosis and inflammation in EMS. We collected 30 patients undergoing laparoscopic for endometriosis as the EMS group and those undergoing surgery for uterine fibroids as the control group, from whom we collected serum, normal endometrium, eutopic endometrium and ectopic endometrium. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to observe the internal structure of endometrial cells. Western Blot was used to detect the protein expression of PI3K, P-PI3K, AKT, P-AKT, NLRP3, Caspase-1, GSDMD, and GSDMD-N. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was used to detect the expression of PI3K, AKT, NLRP3, Caspase-1, GSDMD, and GSDMD-N proteins. Immunofluorescence (IF) staining was used to observe the expression of GSDMD-N. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to analyze the mRNA levels of PI3K, AKT, NLRP3, Caspase-1, GSDMD, and GSDMD-N. ELISA was used to detect serum levels of IL-1β, IL-18, TLR4, and NF-κB. We found that activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in endometriosis significantly increased the level of cellular pyroptosis and inflammatory factors. Our results suggest that there is a positive correlation between the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and pyroptosisas well as inflammation in EMS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli An
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xinping Fu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xin Meng
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yiming Ma
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ying Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qingxue Li
- Department of Gynecology, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jingwei Chen
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine on Reproductive Disease, Shijiazhuang, China.
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4
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Tanaka H, Ozawa R, Henmi Y, Hosoda M, Karasawa T, Takahashi M, Takahashi H, Iwata H, Kuwayama T, Shirasuna K. Gasdermin D regulates soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 release in macrophages. Reprod Biol 2024; 24:100857. [PMID: 38295720 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2024.100857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious complication, and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase (sFLT1) released from the placenta is one of the causes of PE pathology. Trophoblasts are the primary source of sFLT1; however, monocytes/macrophages exist enough in the placenta can also secrete sFLT1. Sterile inflammatory responses, especially NLRP3 inflammasome and its downstream gasdermin D (GSDMD)-regulated pyroptosis, may be involved in the development of PE pathology. In this study, we investigated whether human monocyte/macrophage cell line THP-1 cells secrete sFLT1 depending on the NLRP3 inflammasome and GSDMD. To differentiate THP-1 monocytes into macrophages, treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) induced sFLT1 with interleukin (IL)- 1β, but did not induce cell lytic death. IL-1β secretion induced by PMA inhibited by deletion of NLRP3 and inhibitors of NLRP3 and caspase-1, but deletion of NLRP3 and these inhibitors did not affect sFLT1 secretion in THP-1 cells. Both gene deletion and inhibition of GSDMD dramatically decreased IL-1β and sFLT1 secretion from THP-1 cells. Treatment with CA074-ME (a cathepsin B inhibitor) also reduced the secretion of both sFLT1 and IL-1β in THP-1 cells. In conclusion, THP-1 macrophages release sFLT1 in a GSDMD-dependent manner, but not in the NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent manner, and this sFLT1 release may be associated with the non-lytic role of GSDMD. In addition, sFLT1 levels induced by PMA are associated with lysosomal cathepsin B in THP-1 macrophages. We suggest that sFLT1 synthesis regulated by GSDMD are involved in the pathology of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazuki Tanaka
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan
| | - Ren Ozawa
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan
| | - Yuka Henmi
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan
| | - Manabu Hosoda
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Karasawa
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Masafumi Takahashi
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Hironori Takahashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Hisataka Iwata
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan
| | - Takehito Kuwayama
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan
| | - Koumei Shirasuna
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan.
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5
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Han JH, Karki R, Malireddi RKS, Mall R, Sarkar R, Sharma BR, Klein J, Berns H, Pisharath H, Pruett-Miller SM, Bae SJ, Kanneganti TD. NINJ1 mediates inflammatory cell death, PANoptosis, and lethality during infection conditions and heat stress. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1739. [PMID: 38409108 PMCID: PMC10897308 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45466-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity provides the first line of defense through multiple mechanisms, including pyrogen production and cell death. While elevated body temperature during infection is beneficial to clear pathogens, heat stress (HS) can lead to inflammation and pathology. Links between pathogen exposure, HS, cytokine release, and inflammation have been observed, but fundamental innate immune mechanisms driving pathology during pathogen exposure and HS remain unclear. Here, we use multiple genetic approaches to elucidate innate immune pathways in infection or LPS and HS models. Our results show that bacteria and LPS robustly increase inflammatory cell death during HS that is dependent on caspase-1, caspase-11, caspase-8, and RIPK3 through the PANoptosis pathway. Caspase-7 also contributes to PANoptosis in this context. Furthermore, NINJ1 is an important executioner of this cell death to release inflammatory molecules, independent of other pore-forming executioner proteins, gasdermin D, gasdermin E, and MLKL. In an in vivo HS model, mortality is reduced by deleting NINJ1 and fully rescued by deleting key PANoptosis molecules. Our findings suggest that therapeutic strategies blocking NINJ1 or its upstream regulators to prevent PANoptosis may reduce the release of inflammatory mediators and benefit patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hui Han
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Woosuk University, Wanju, 55338, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajendra Karki
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - R K Subbarao Malireddi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Raghvendra Mall
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- Biotechnology Research Center, Technology Innovation Institute, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 9639, United Arab Emirates
| | - Roman Sarkar
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Bhesh Raj Sharma
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Jonathon Klein
- Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Harmut Berns
- Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Harshan Pisharath
- Animal Resources Center, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Shondra M Pruett-Miller
- Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Sung-Jin Bae
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, 49267, Republic of Korea
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6
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Chen Q, Sun Y, Wang S, Xu J. New prospects of cancer therapy based on pyroptosis and pyroptosis inducers. Apoptosis 2024; 29:66-85. [PMID: 37943371 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01906-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a gasdermin-mediated programmed cell death (PCD) pathway. It differs from apoptosis because of the secretion of inflammatory molecules. Pyroptosis is closely associated with various malignant tumors. Recent studies have demonstrated that pyroptosis can either inhibit or promote the development of malignant tumors, depending on the cell type (immune or cancer cells) and duration and severity of the process. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis, its relationship with malignancies, and focuses on current pyroptosis inducers and their significance in cancer treatment. The molecules involved in the pyroptosis signaling pathway could serve as therapeutic targets for the development of novel drugs for cancer therapy. In addition, we analyzed the potential of combining pyroptosis with conventional anticancer techniques as a promising strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyun Chen
- China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China
| | - Siliang Wang
- China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Jingyan Xu
- China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Rosenbaum SR, Caksa S, Stefanski CD, Trachtenberg IV, Wilson HP, Wilski NA, Ott CA, Purwin TJ, Haj JI, Pomante D, Kotas D, Chervoneva I, Capparelli C, Aplin AE. SOX10 Loss Sensitizes Melanoma Cells to Cytokine-Mediated Inflammatory Cell Death. Mol Cancer Res 2024; 22:209-220. [PMID: 37847239 PMCID: PMC10842433 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-23-0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor, SOX10, plays an important role in the differentiation of neural crest precursors to the melanocytic lineage. Malignant transformation of melanocytes leads to the development of melanoma, and SOX10 promotes melanoma cell proliferation and tumor formation. SOX10 expression in melanomas is heterogeneous, and loss of SOX10 causes a phenotypic switch toward an invasive, mesenchymal-like cell state and therapy resistance; hence, strategies to target SOX10-deficient cells are an active area of investigation. The impact of cell state and SOX10 expression on antitumor immunity is not well understood but will likely have important implications for immunotherapeutic interventions. To this end, we tested whether SOX10 status affects the response to CD8+ T cell-mediated killing and T cell-secreted cytokines, TNFα and IFNγ, which are critical effectors in the cytotoxic killing of cancer cells. We observed that genetic ablation of SOX10 rendered melanoma cells more sensitive to CD8+ T cell-mediated killing and cell death induction by either TNFα or IFNγ. Cytokine-mediated cell death in SOX10-deficient cells was associated with features of caspase-dependent pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of cell death that has the potential to increase immune responses. IMPLICATIONS These data support a role for SOX10 expression altering the response to T cell-mediated cell death and contribute to a broader understanding of the interaction between immune cells and melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheera R. Rosenbaum
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Signe Caksa
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Casey D. Stefanski
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Isabella V. Trachtenberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Haley P. Wilson
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Nicole A. Wilski
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Connor A. Ott
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Timothy J. Purwin
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Jelan I. Haj
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Danielle Pomante
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Daniel Kotas
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Inna Chervoneva
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Claudia Capparelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Andrew E. Aplin
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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8
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Wang Y, Li Y, Yang Y, Swift M, Zhang Z, Wu S, Sun Y, Yang K. In situ vaccination caused by diverse irradiation-driven cell death programs. Theranostics 2024; 14:1147-1167. [PMID: 38323315 PMCID: PMC10845208 DOI: 10.7150/thno.86004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Interest surrounding the effect of irradiation on immune activation has exponentially grown within the last decade. This includes work regarding mechanisms of the abscopal effect and the success achieved by combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy. It is hypothesized that irradiation triggers the immune system to eliminate tumors by inducing tumor cells immunogenic cell death (ICD) in tumor cells. Activation of the ICD pathways can be exploited as an in situ vaccine. In this review, we provide fundamental knowledge of various forms of ICD caused by irradiation, describe the relationship between various cell death pathways and the immune activation effect driven by irradiation, and focus on the therapeutic value of exploiting these cell death programs in the context of irradiation. Furthermore, we summarize the immunomodulatory effect of different cell death programs on combinative radiotherapy and immunotherapy. In brief, differences in cell death programs significantly impact the irradiation-induced immune activation effect. Evaluating the transition between them will provide clues to develop new strategies for radiotherapy and its combination with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Wang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan 430048, China
| | - Yan Li
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan 430048, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- University of Southern California, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine
| | - Michelle Swift
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1772, USA
| | - Shuhui Wu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yajie Sun
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan 430048, China
| | - Kunyu Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan 430048, China
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9
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Wang Z, Wang M, Zeng X, Yue X, Wei P. Nanomaterial-induced pyroptosis: a cell type-specific perspective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1322305. [PMID: 38264354 PMCID: PMC10803419 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1322305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This review presents the advancements in nanomaterial (NM)-induced pyroptosis in specific types of cells. We elucidate the relevance of pyroptosis and delineate its mechanisms and classifications. We also retrospectively analyze pyroptosis induced by various NMs in a broad spectrum of non-tumorous cellular environments to highlight the multifunctionality of NMs in modulating cell death pathways. We identify key knowledge gaps in current research and propose potential areas for future exploration. This review emphasizes the need to focus on less-studied areas, including the pathways and mechanisms of NM-triggered pyroptosis in non-tumor-specific cell types, the interplay between biological and environmental factors, and the interactions between NMs and cells. This review aims to encourage further investigations into the complex interplay between NMs and pyroptosis, thereby providing a basis for developing safer and more effective nanomedical therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Wang
- Department of Immunology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xuan Zeng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital Zhuhai Hospital, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xupeng Yue
- College of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Pei Wei
- Department of Immunology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
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10
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Yao J, Sterling K, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Song W. The role of inflammasomes in human diseases and their potential as therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:10. [PMID: 38177104 PMCID: PMC10766654 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01687-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are large protein complexes that play a major role in sensing inflammatory signals and triggering the innate immune response. Each inflammasome complex has three major components: an upstream sensor molecule that is connected to a downstream effector protein such as caspase-1 through the adapter protein ASC. Inflammasome formation typically occurs in response to infectious agents or cellular damage. The active inflammasome then triggers caspase-1 activation, followed by the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and pyroptotic cell death. Aberrant inflammasome activation and activity contribute to the development of diabetes, cancer, and several cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. As a result, recent research has increasingly focused on investigating the mechanisms that regulate inflammasome assembly and activation, as well as the potential of targeting inflammasomes to treat various diseases. Multiple clinical trials are currently underway to evaluate the therapeutic potential of several distinct inflammasome-targeting therapies. Therefore, understanding how different inflammasomes contribute to disease pathology may have significant implications for developing novel therapeutic strategies. In this article, we provide a summary of the biological and pathological roles of inflammasomes in health and disease. We also highlight key evidence that suggests targeting inflammasomes could be a novel strategy for developing new disease-modifying therapies that may be effective in several conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yao
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Keenan Sterling
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Research Center, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Zhe Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P.R. China.
| | - Weihong Song
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Research Center, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, School of Mental Health and The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
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11
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Karasawa T, Komada T, Baatarjav C, Aizawa E, Mizushina Y, Fujimura K, Gunji Y, Komori S, Aizawa H, Jing Tao CB, Matsumura T, Takahashi M. Caspase-11 deficiency attenuates neutrophil recruitment into the atherosclerotic lesion in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 686:149158. [PMID: 37922574 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Caspase-11 is an inflammatory caspase that triggers an inflammatory response by regulating non-canonical NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Although the deficiency of both caspase-11 and caspase-1, another inflammatory caspase that functions as an executor of the inflammasome, prevents the development of atherosclerosis, the effect of caspase-11 deficiency alone on the development of atherosclerosis has not been fully evaluated. In the present study, we found that caspase-11 deficiency prevented the formation of the necrotic core, whereas it did not affect the development of atherosclerosis in Apoe-deficient mice. Notably, the infiltration of neutrophils into atherosclerotic lesions was attenuated by caspase-11 deficiency. RNA-seq analysis of stage-dependent expression of atherosclerotic lesions revealed that both upregulations of caspase-11 and neutrophil migration are common features of advanced atherosclerotic lesions. Furthermore, similar expression profiles were observed in unstable human plaque. These data suggest that caspase-11 regulates neutrophil recruitment and plaque destabilization in advanced atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadayoshi Karasawa
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
| | - Takanori Komada
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Chintogtokh Baatarjav
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Emi Aizawa
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Mizushina
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kenta Fujimura
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Gunji
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Satoko Komori
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Aizawa
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Cantona Billton Jing Tao
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Matsumura
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masafumi Takahashi
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
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12
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Pang J, Vince JE. The role of caspase-8 in inflammatory signalling and pyroptotic cell death. Semin Immunol 2023; 70:101832. [PMID: 37625331 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The programmed cell death machinery exhibits surprising flexibility, capable of crosstalk and non-apoptotic roles. Much of this complexity arises from the diverse functions of caspase-8, a cysteine-aspartic acid protease typically associated with activating caspase-3 and - 7 to induce apoptosis. However, recent research has revealed that caspase-8 also plays a role in regulating the lytic gasdermin cell death machinery, contributing to pyroptosis and immune responses in contexts such as infection, autoinflammation, and T-cell signalling. In mice, loss of caspase-8 results in embryonic lethality from unrestrained necroptotic killing, while in humans caspase-8 deficiency can lead to an autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, immunodeficiency, inflammatory bowel disease or, when it can't cleave its substrate RIPK1, early onset periodic fevers. This review focuses on non-canonical caspase-8 signalling that drives immune responses, including its regulation of inflammatory gene transcription, activation within inflammasome complexes, and roles in pyroptotic cell death. Ultimately, a deeper understanding of caspase-8 function will aid in determining whether, and when, targeting caspase-8 pathways could be therapeutically beneficial in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyi Pang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - James E Vince
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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13
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Ren F, Narita R, Rashidi AS, Fruhwürth S, Gao Z, Bak RO, Thomsen MK, Verjans GMGM, Reinert LS, Paludan SR. ER stress induces caspase-2-tBID-GSDME-dependent cell death in neurons lytically infected with herpes simplex virus type 2. EMBO J 2023; 42:e113118. [PMID: 37646198 PMCID: PMC10548179 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022113118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotropic viruses, including herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2, have the capacity to infect neurons and can cause severe diseases. This is associated with neuronal cell death, which may contribute to morbidity or even mortality if the infection is not controlled. However, the mechanistic details of HSV-induced neuronal cell death remain enigmatic. Here, we report that lytic HSV-2 infection of human neuron-like SH-SY5Y cells and primary human and murine brain cells leads to cell death mediated by gasdermin E (GSDME). HSV-2-induced GSDME-mediated cell death occurs downstream of replication-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress driven by inositol-requiring kinase 1α (IRE1α), leading to activation of caspase-2, cleavage of the pro-apoptotic protein BH3-interacting domain death agonist (BID), and mitochondria-dependent activation of caspase-3. Finally, necrotic neurons released alarmins, which activated inflammatory responses in human iPSC-derived microglia. In conclusion, lytic HSV infection in neurons activates an ER stress-driven pathway to execute GSDME-mediated cell death and promote inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanghui Ren
- Department of BiomedicineAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Ryo Narita
- Department of BiomedicineAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Ahmad S Rashidi
- Department of ViroscienceErasmus Medical CentreRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Stefanie Fruhwürth
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologySahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Zongliang Gao
- Department of BiomedicineAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Rasmus O Bak
- Department of BiomedicineAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | | | | | - Line S Reinert
- Department of BiomedicineAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Søren R Paludan
- Department of BiomedicineAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of MedicineSahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
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14
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Guy C, Baran M, Ribó-Molina P, van den Hoogen BG, Bowie AG. Viral sensing by epithelial cells involves PKR- and caspase-3-dependent generation of gasdermin E pores. iScience 2023; 26:107698. [PMID: 37680489 PMCID: PMC10480325 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral sensing in myeloid cells involves inflammasome activation leading to gasdermin pore formation, cytokine release, and cell death. However, less is known about viral sensing in barrier epithelial cells, which are critical to the innate immune response to RNA viruses. Here, we show that poly(I:C), a mimic of viral dsRNA, is sensed by NLRP1 in human bronchial epithelial cells, leading to inflammasome-dependent gasdermin D (GSDMD) pore formation via caspase-1. DsRNA also stimulated a parallel sensing pathway via PKR which activated caspase-3 to cleave gasdermin E (GSDME) to form active pores. Influenza A virus (IAV) infection of cells caused GSDME activation, cytokine release, and cell death, in a PKR-dependent but NLRP1-independent manner, involving caspase-8 and caspase-3. Suppression of GSDMD and GSDME expression increased IAV replication. These data clarify mechanisms of gasdermin cleavage in response to viral sensing and reveal that gasdermin pore formation is intrinsically antiviral in human epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Guy
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Marcin Baran
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Pau Ribó-Molina
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Andrew G. Bowie
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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15
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Stoess C, Leszczynska A, Kui L, Feldstein AE. Pyroptosis and gasdermins-Emerging insights and therapeutic opportunities in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1218807. [PMID: 37664463 PMCID: PMC10470644 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1218807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a rapid expansion in our understanding of regulated cell death, leading to the discovery of novel mechanisms that govern diverse cell death pathways. One recently discovered type of cell death is pyroptosis, initially identified in the 1990s as a caspase-1-dependent lytic cell death. However, further investigations have redefined pyroptosis as a regulated cell death that relies on the activation of pore-forming proteins, particularly the gasdermin family. Among the key regulators of pyroptosis is the inflammasome sensor NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3), a critical innate immune sensor responsible for regulating the activation of caspase-1 and gasdermin D. A deeper understanding of pyroptosis and its interplay with other forms of regulated cell death is emerging, shedding light on a complex regulatory network controlling pore-forming proteins and cell fate. Cell death processes play a central role in diseases such as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, autoinflammatory disorders, and cancer. Cell death often acts as a starting point in these diseases, making it an appealing target for drug development. Yet, the complete molecular mechanisms are not fully understood, and new discoveries reveal promising novel avenues for therapeutic interventions. In this review, we summarize recent evidence on pathways and proteins controlling pyroptosis and gasdermins. Furthermore, we will address the role of pyroptosis and the gasdermin family in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and steatohepatitis. Additionally, we highlight new potential therapeutic targets for treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis and other inflammatory-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Stoess
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Surgery, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Leszczynska
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Lin Kui
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ariel E. Feldstein
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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16
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Dri E, Lampas E, Lazaros G, Lazarou E, Theofilis P, Tsioufis C, Tousoulis D. Inflammatory Mediators of Endothelial Dysfunction. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1420. [PMID: 37374202 DOI: 10.3390/life13061420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is characterized by imbalanced vasodilation and vasoconstriction, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inflammatory factors, as well as deficiency of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. It has been reported that the maintenance of endothelial cell integrity serves a significant role in human health and disease due to the involvement of the endothelium in several processes, such as regulation of vascular tone, regulation of hemostasis and thrombosis, cell adhesion, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and vascular inflammation. Inflammatory modulators/biomarkers, such as IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor α, or alternative anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1), involved in atherosclerosis progression have been shown to predict cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, several signaling pathways, such as NLRP3 inflammasome, that are associated with the inflammatory response and the disrupted H2S bioavailability are postulated to be new indicators for endothelial cell inflammation and its associated endothelial dysfunction. In this review, we summarize the knowledge of a plethora of reviews, research articles, and clinical trials concerning the key inflammatory modulators and signaling pathways in atherosclerosis due to endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Dri
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration General Hospital, Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vas. Sofias 114, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Lampas
- Department of Cardiology, Konstantopouleio General Hospital, 14233 Athens, Greece
| | - George Lazaros
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration General Hospital, Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vas. Sofias 114, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Emilia Lazarou
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration General Hospital, Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vas. Sofias 114, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Theofilis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration General Hospital, Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vas. Sofias 114, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Costas Tsioufis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration General Hospital, Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vas. Sofias 114, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration General Hospital, Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vas. Sofias 114, 11528 Athens, Greece
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17
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Privitera G, Rana N, Armuzzi A, Pizarro TT. The gasdermin protein family: emerging roles in gastrointestinal health and disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 20:366-387. [PMID: 36781958 PMCID: PMC10238632 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00743-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Since the identification and characterization of gasdermin (GSDM) D as the main effector of inflammatory regulated cell death (or pyroptosis), literature on the GSDM family of pore-forming proteins is rapidly expanding, revealing novel mechanisms regulating their expression and functions that go beyond pyroptosis. Indeed, a growing body of evidence corroborates the importance of GSDMs within the gastrointestinal system, underscoring their critical contributions to the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal cancers, enteric infections and gut mucosal inflammation, such as inflammatory bowel disease. However, with this increase in knowledge, several important and controversial issues have arisen regarding basic GSDM biology and its role(s) during health and disease states. These include critical questions centred around GSDM-dependent lytic versus non-lytic functions, the biological activities of cleaved versus full-length proteins, the differential roles of GSDM-expressing mucosal immune versus epithelial cells, and whether GSDMs promote pathogenic or protective effects during specific disease settings. This Review provides a comprehensive summary and interpretation of the current literature on GSDM biology, specifically focusing on the gastrointestinal tract, highlighting the main controversial issues and their clinical implications, and addressing future areas of research to unravel the specific role(s) of this intriguing, yet enigmatic, family of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Privitera
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Nitish Rana
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alessandro Armuzzi
- IBD Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Theresa T Pizarro
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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18
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Choi M, Shin J, Lee CE, Chung JY, Kim M, Yan X, Yang WH, Cha JH. Immunogenic cell death in cancer immunotherapy. BMB Rep 2023; 56:275-286. [PMID: 37081756 PMCID: PMC10230015 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2023-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has been acknowledged as a new paradigm for cancer treatment, with notable therapeutic effects on certain cancer types. Despite their significant potential, clinical studies over the past decade have revealed that cancer immunotherapy has low response rates in the majority of solid tumors. One of the key causes for poor responses is known to be the relatively low immunogenicity of solid tumors. Because most solid tumors are immune desert 'cold tumors' with antitumor immunity blocked from the onset of innate immunity, combination therapies that combine validated T-based therapies with approaches that can increase tumor-immunogenicity are being considered as relevant therapeutic options. This review paper focuses on immunogenic cell death (ICD) as a way of enhancing immunogenicity in tumor tissues. We will thoroughly review how ICDs such as necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis can improve anti-tumor immunity and outline clinical trials targeting ICD. Finally, we will discuss the potential of ICD inducers. as an adjuvant for cancer immunotherapy.[BMB Reports 2023; 56(5): 275-286].
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Graduate School, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Taiwan
| | - Jisoo Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Graduate School, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Taiwan
| | - Chae-Eun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Graduate School, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Taiwan
| | - Joo-Yoon Chung
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Graduate School, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Taiwan
| | - Minji Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Graduate School, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Taiwan
| | - Xiuwen Yan
- Affiliated Cancer Institute & Hospital and Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 910095, China, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hao Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Ho Cha
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Graduate School, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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19
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Choi M, Shin J, Lee CE, Chung JY, Kim M, Yan X, Yang WH, Cha JH. Immunogenic cell death in cancer immunotherapy. BMB Rep 2023; 56:275-286. [PMID: 37081756 PMCID: PMC10230015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has been acknowledged as a new paradigm for cancer treatment, with notable therapeutic effects on certain cancer types. Despite their significant potential, clinical studies over the past decade have revealed that cancer immunotherapy has low response rates in the majority of solid tumors. One of the key causes for poor responses is known to be the relatively low immunogenicity of solid tumors. Because most solid tumors are immune desert 'cold tumors' with antitumor immunity blocked from the onset of innate immunity, combination therapies that combine validated T-based therapies with approaches that can increase tumor-immunogenicity are being considered as relevant therapeutic options. This review paper focuses on immunogenic cell death (ICD) as a way of enhancing immunogenicity in tumor tissues. We will thoroughly review how ICDs such as necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis can improve anti-tumor immunity and outline clinical trials targeting ICD. Finally, we will discuss the potential of ICD inducers. as an adjuvant for cancer immunotherapy.[BMB Reports 2023; 56(5): 275-286].
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Graduate School, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Taiwan
| | - Jisoo Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Graduate School, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Taiwan
| | - Chae-Eun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Graduate School, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Taiwan
| | - Joo-Yoon Chung
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Graduate School, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Taiwan
| | - Minji Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Graduate School, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Taiwan
| | - Xiuwen Yan
- Affiliated Cancer Institute & Hospital and Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 910095, China, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hao Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Ho Cha
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Graduate School, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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20
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Liu K, Chen Y, Li B, Li Y, Liang X, Lin H, Luo L, Chen T, Dai Y, Pang W, Zeng L. Upregulation of Apolipoprotein L6 Improves Tumor Immunotherapy by Inducing Immunogenic Cell Death. Biomolecules 2023; 13:415. [PMID: 36979348 PMCID: PMC10046184 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has emerged as a breakthrough treatment for cancers and has demonstrated inspiring effects in tumor patients with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. To allow more patients to benefit from immunotherapy, exploring novel biomarkers based on EBV-related tumors and immunotherapy cohorts was pursued in the present study. The essential biomarkers that may enhance antitumor immunity across EBV-related tumors were identified using the large-scale transcriptomic profiles of EBV-associated tumors and tumor immunotherapy cohorts. The clinical significance of vital genes was evaluated in multiple tumor immunotherapy cohorts. Moreover, the potential function of essential genes in immunotherapy was explored via bioinformatic analyses and verified by qRT-PCR, Western blot analysis, CCK8 assay and flow cytometry. Apolipoprotein L6 (APOL6) was considered the essential biomarker for enhancing antitumor immunity across EBV-positive tumors. The upregulation of APOL6 was correlated with increased response rates and prolonged survival in multiple tumor immunotherapy cohorts. Bioinformatic analyses suggested that APOL6 may enhance tumor immunotherapy by inducing immunogenic cell death. Pancreatic cancer cells transfected with APOL6 overexpression plasmid underwent apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis with immunogenic features. The biomarker upregulated in EBV-related tumors could further elucidate the drivers of immunotherapy response. The upregulation of APOL6 could improve immunotherapy by triggering immunogenic cell death, thus offering a new target to optimize cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wenzheng Pang
- The Cancer Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Linjuan Zeng
- The Cancer Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
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21
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GSDME-mediated pyroptosis promotes the progression and associated inflammation of atherosclerosis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:929. [PMID: 36807553 PMCID: PMC9938904 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36614-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis, a type of Gasdermin-mediated cell death, contributes to an exacerbation of inflammation. To test the hypothesis that GSDME-mediated pyroptosis aggravates the progression of atherosclerosis, we generate ApoE and GSDME dual deficiency mice. As compared with the control mice, GSDME-/-/ApoE-/- mice show a reduction of atherosclerotic lesion area and inflammatory response when induced with a high-fat diet. Human atherosclerosis single-cell transcriptome analysis demonstrates that GSDME is mainly expressed in macrophages. In vitro, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) induces GSDME expression and pyroptosis in macrophages. Mechanistically, ablation of GSDME in macrophages represses ox-LDL-induced inflammation and macrophage pyroptosis. Moreover, the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) directly correlates with and positively regulates GSDME expression. This study explores the transcriptional mechanisms of GSDME during atherosclerosis development and indicates that GSDME-mediated pyroptosis in the progression of atherosclerosis could be a potential therapeutic approach for atherosclerosis.
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22
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Yang S, Wang L, Wu Y, Wu A, Huang F, Tang X, Kantawong F, Anuchapreeda S, Qin D, Mei Q, Chen J, Huang X, Zhang C, Wu J. Apoptosis in megakaryocytes: Safeguard and threat for thrombopoiesis. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1025945. [PMID: 36685543 PMCID: PMC9845629 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1025945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets, generated from precursor megakaryocytes (MKs), are central mediators of hemostasis and thrombosis. The process of thrombopoiesis is extremely complex, regulated by multiple factors, and related to many cellular events including apoptosis. However, the role of apoptosis in thrombopoiesis has been controversial for many years. Some researchers believe that apoptosis is an ally of thrombopoiesis and platelets production is apoptosis-dependent, while others have suggested that apoptosis is dispensable for thrombopoiesis, and is even inhibited during this process. In this review, we will focus on this conflict, discuss the relationship between megakaryocytopoiesis, thrombopoiesis and apoptosis. In addition, we also consider why such a vast number of studies draw opposite conclusions of the role of apoptosis in thrombopoiesis, and try to figure out the truth behind the mystery. This review provides more comprehensive insights into the relationship between megakaryocytopoiesis, thrombopoiesis, and apoptosis and finds some clues for the possible pathological mechanisms of platelet disorders caused by abnormal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Long Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuesong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Anguo Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Medical Key Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Luzhou, China
| | - Feihong Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Medical Key Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fahsai Kantawong
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Songyot Anuchapreeda
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Dalian Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qibing Mei
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xinwu Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Medical Key Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianming Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Medical Key Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Luzhou, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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23
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Zhou B, Ryder CB, Dubyak GR, Abbott DW. Gasdermins and pannexin-1 mediate pathways of chemotherapy-induced cell lysis in hematopoietic malignancies. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabl6781. [PMID: 36538593 PMCID: PMC9841445 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abl6781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a mechanism of programmed, necrotic cell death mediated by gasdermins, a family of pore-forming proteins. Caspase-1 activates gasdermin D (GSDMD) under inflammatory conditions, whereas caspase-3 activates GSDME under apoptotic conditions, such as those induced by chemotherapy. These pathways are thought to be separate. However, we found that they are part of an integrated network of gatekeepers that enables pyroptotic cell death. We observed that GSDMD was the primary pyroptotic mediator in cultured blood cells in response to doxorubicin and etoposide, two common chemotherapies for hematopoietic malignancies. Upon treatment, the channel protein pannexin-1 (PANX1), which is stimulated by the initiation of apoptosis, increased membrane permeability to induce K+ efflux-driven activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and GSDMD. However, either PANX1 or GSDME could also be the primary mediator of chemotherapy-induced pyroptosis when present at higher amounts. The most abundant pore-forming protein in acute myeloid leukemias from patients predicted the cell death pathway in response to chemotherapy. This interconnected network, a multistep switch that converts apoptosis to pyroptosis, could be clinically titratated to modulate cell death with regard to antitumor immunity or tumor lysis syndrome in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine; Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Christopher B. Ryder
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine; Cleveland, OH 44106, USA,Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center; Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - George R. Dubyak
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine; Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Derek W. Abbott
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine; Cleveland, OH 44106, USA,Corresponding author:
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24
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Baatarjav C, Komada T, Karasawa T, Yamada N, Sampilvanjil A, Matsumura T, Takahashi M. dsDNA-induced AIM2 pyroptosis halts aberrant inflammation during rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:2487-2502. [PMID: 35739254 PMCID: PMC9750976 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01033-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyolysis is a severe condition that commonly leads to acute kidney injury (AKI). While double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) released from injured muscle can be involved in its pathogenesis, the exact mechanism of how dsDNA contributes to rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI (RIAKI) remains obscure. A dsDNA sensor, absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), forms an inflammasome and induces gasdermin D (GSDMD) cleavage resulting in inflammatory cell death known as pyroptosis. In this study using a mouse model of RIAKI, we found that Aim2-deficiency led to massive macrophage accumulation resulting in delayed functional recovery and perpetuating fibrosis in the kidney. While Aim2-deficiency compromised RIAKI-induced kidney macrophage pyroptosis, it unexpectedly accelerated aberrant inflammation as demonstrated by CXCR3+CD206+ macrophage accumulation and activation of TBK1-IRF3/NF-κB. Kidney macrophages with intact AIM2 underwent swift pyroptosis without IL-1β release in response to dsDNA. On the other hand, dsDNA-induced Aim2-deficient macrophages escaped from swift pyroptotic elimination and instead engaged STING-TBK1-IRF3/NF-κB signalling, leading to aggravated inflammatory phenotypes. Collectively, these findings shed light on a hitherto unknown immunoregulatory function of macrophage pyroptosis. dsDNA-induced rapid macrophage cell death potentially serves as an anti-inflammatory program and determines the healing process of RIAKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintogtokh Baatarjav
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takanori Komada
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
| | - Tadayoshi Karasawa
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Naoya Yamada
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ariunaa Sampilvanjil
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Matsumura
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masafumi Takahashi
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
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25
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Yin J, Gong G, Wan W, Liu X. Pyroptosis in spinal cord injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:949939. [PMID: 36467606 PMCID: PMC9715394 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.949939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often brings devastating consequences to patients and their families. Pathophysiologically, the primary insult causes irreversible damage to neurons and glial cells and initiates the secondary damage cascade, further leading to inflammation, ischemia, and cells death. In SCI, the release of various inflammatory mediators aggravates nerve injury. Pyroptosis is a new pro-inflammatory pattern of regulated cell death (RCD), mainly mediated by caspase-1 or caspase-11/4/5. Gasdermins family are pore-forming proteins known as the executor of pyroptosis and the gasdermin D (GSDMD) is best characterized. Pyroptosis occurs in multiple central nervous system (CNS) cell types, especially plays a vital role in the development of SCI. We review here the evidence for pyroptosis in SCI, and focus on the pyroptosis of different cells and the crosstalk between them. In addition, we discuss the interaction between pyroptosis and other forms of RCD in SCI. We also summarize the therapeutic strategies for pyroptosis inhibition, so as to provide novel ideas for improving outcomes following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ge Gong
- Department of Geriatrics, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhui Wan
- Department of Geriatrics, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinhui Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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26
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Srinivasan M, Clarke R, Kraikivski P. Mathematical Models of Death Signaling Networks. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 24:1402. [PMID: 37420422 PMCID: PMC9602293 DOI: 10.3390/e24101402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the progress made by computational and systems biologists in characterizing different cell death regulatory mechanisms that constitute the cell death network. We define the cell death network as a comprehensive decision-making mechanism that controls multiple death execution molecular circuits. This network involves multiple feedback and feed-forward loops and crosstalk among different cell death-regulating pathways. While substantial progress has been made in characterizing individual cell death execution pathways, the cell death decision network is poorly defined and understood. Certainly, understanding the dynamic behavior of such complex regulatory mechanisms can be only achieved by applying mathematical modeling and system-oriented approaches. Here, we provide an overview of mathematical models that have been developed to characterize different cell death mechanisms and intend to identify future research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumita Srinivasan
- College of Architecture, Arts, and Design, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Robert Clarke
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Pavel Kraikivski
- Academy of Integrated Science, Division of Systems Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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27
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Tan D, Yin W, Guan F, Zeng W, Lee P, Candotti F, James LK, Saraiva Camara NO, Haeryfar SM, Chen Y, Benlagha K, Shi LZ, Lei J, Gong Q, Liu Z, Liu C. B cell-T cell interplay in immune regulation: A focus on follicular regulatory T and regulatory B cell functions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:991840. [PMID: 36211467 PMCID: PMC9537379 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.991840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells are the core components of humoral immunity. A mature B cell can serve in multiple capacities, including antibody production, antigen presentation, and regulatory functions. Forkhead box P3 (FoxP3)-expressing regulatory T cells (Tregs) are key players in sustaining immune tolerance and keeping inflammation in check. Mounting evidence suggests complex communications between B cells and Tregs. In this review, we summarize the yin-yang regulatory relationships between B cells and Tregs mainly from the perspectives of T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells and regulatory B cells (Bregs). We discuss the regulatory effects of Tfr cells on B cell proliferation and the germinal center response. Additionally, we review the indispensable role of B cells in ensuring homeostatic Treg survival and describe the function of Bregs in promoting Treg responses. Finally, we introduce a new subset of Tregs, termed Treg-of-B cells, which are induced by B cells, lake the expression of FoxP3 but still own immunomodulatory effects. In this article, we also enumerate a sequence of research from clinical patients and experimental models to clarify the role of Tfr cells in germinal centers and the role of convention B cells and Bregs to Tregs in the context of different diseases. This review offers an updated overview of immunoregulatory networks and unveils potential targets for therapeutic interventions against cancer, autoimmune diseases and allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diaoyi Tan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Guan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wanjiang Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pamela Lee
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fabio Candotti
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Louisa K James
- Centre for Immunobiology, Bizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Yan Chen
- The Second Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Kamel Benlagha
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, EMiLy, Paris, France
| | - Lewis Zhichang Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine (UAB-SOM) UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Lei
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Quan Gong
- Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jinzhou, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zheng Liu, ; Chaohong Liu,
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zheng Liu, ; Chaohong Liu,
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28
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Zhang R, Wu Z, Li M, Yang J, Cheng R, Hu T. Canonical and noncanonical pyroptosis are both activated in periodontal inflammation and bone resorption. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:1183-1197. [PMID: 36146901 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Pyroptosis has both a caspase-1-dependent canonical pathway and a caspase-4/-5/-11-dependent noncanonical pathway. They play an important role in inflammatory damage and related diseases. Canonical pyroptosis was reported to be involved in periodontitis. However, knowledge of caspase-4/-5/-11-dependent noncanonical pathway involvement remains limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the outcomes of pyroptosis inhibition on periodontitis as well as the possible mechanism, in order to provide a potential target for alleviating periodontitis. METHODS Human and rat periodontitis tissues were collected for immunohistochemistry (IHC). Micro-computed tomography was used to assess alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis model. Pyroptosis-related proteins were tested by western blot. propidium iodide staining and lactate dehydrogenase release were used to verify pyroptosis activation. RNA sequencing was applied to investigate the preliminary mechanism of the reduced periodontal inflammation induced by YVAD-CHO. RESULTS Both canonical- and noncanonical-related proteins were detected in human and rat periodontitis tissue. The pyroptosis-inhibited group demonstrated less inflammatory response and bone absorption. In vitro, pyroptosis was activated by lipopolysaccharide and inhibited by YVAD-CHO. RNA sequencing demonstrated that the expression of A20 and IκB-ζ was increased and verified by western blot in vitro and IHC in vivo. CONCLUSION These results suggest that inhibition of pyroptosis-reduced inflammation and alveolar bone resorption in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Preventive Dentistry, National Center of Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiwu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Preventive Dentistry, National Center of Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Preventive Dentistry, National Center of Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ran Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Preventive Dentistry, National Center of Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Preventive Dentistry, National Center of Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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29
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Zhang J, Wirtz S. Does Pyroptosis Play a Role in Inflammasome-Related Disorders? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810453. [PMID: 36142364 PMCID: PMC9499396 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes orchestrating intracellular recognition of endogenous and exogenous stimuli, cellular homeostasis, and cell death. Upon sensing of certain stimuli, inflammasomes typically activate inflammatory caspases that promote the production and release of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-1α, and IL-18 and induce a type of inflammatory cell death known as “pyroptosis”. Pyroptosis is an important form of regulated cell death executed by gasdermin proteins, which is largely different from apoptosis and necrosis. Recently, several signaling pathways driving pyroptotic cell death, including canonical and noncanonical inflammasome activation, as well as caspase-3-dependent pathways, have been reported. While much evidence exists that pyroptosis is involved in the development of several inflammatory diseases, its contribution to inflammasome-related disorders (IRDs) has not been fully clarified. This article reviews molecular mechanisms leading to pyroptosis, and attempts to provide evidence for its possible role in inflammasome-related disorders, including NLR pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome disease, NLR containing a caspase recruitment domain 4 (NLRC4) inflammasome disease, and pyrin inflammasome disease. Although the specific mechanism needs further investigations, these studies have uncovered the role of pyroptosis in inflammasome-related disorders and may open new avenues for future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhang
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Wirtz
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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30
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Wang F, Gu L, Wang Y, Sun D, Zhao Y, Meng Q, Yin L, Xu L, Lu X, Peng J, Lin Y, Sun P. MicroRNA-122a aggravates intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury by promoting pyroptosis via targeting EGFR-NLRP3 signaling pathway. Life Sci 2022; 307:120863. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Hasel de Carvalho E, Bartok E, Stölting H, Bajoghli B, Leptin M. Revisiting the origin of interleukin 1 in anamniotes and sub-functionalization of interleukin 1 in amniotes. Open Biol 2022; 12:220049. [PMID: 35975650 PMCID: PMC9382457 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytokine interleukin 1 (IL-1) is an evolutionary innovation of vertebrates. Fish and amphibian have one IL1 gene, while mammals have two copies of IL1, IL1A and IL1B, with distinct expression patterns and differences in their proteolytic activation. Our current understanding of the evolutionary history of IL-1 is mainly based on phylogenetic analysis, but this approach provides no information on potentially different functions of IL-1 homologues, and it remains unclear which biological activities identified for IL-1α and IL-1β in mammals are present in lower vertebrates. Here, we use in vitro and in vivo experimental models to examine the expression patterns and cleavage of IL-1 proteins from various species. We found that IL-1 in the teleost medaka shares the transcriptional patterns of mammalian IL-1α, and its processing also resembles that of mammalian IL-1α, which is sensitive to cysteine protease inhibitors specific for the calpain and cathepsin families. By contrast, IL-1 proteins in reptiles also include biological properties of IL-1β. Therefore, we propose that the duplication of the ancestral IL1 gene led to the segregation of expression patterns and protein processing that characterizes the two extant forms of IL-1 in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hasel de Carvalho
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Directors' Research, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Bartok
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Unit of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Helen Stölting
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Baubak Bajoghli
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Directors' Research, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Oncology, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maria Leptin
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Directors' Research, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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32
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Li X, Zhang P, Yin Z, Xu F, Yang ZH, Jin J, Qu J, Liu Z, Qi H, Yao C, Shuai J. Caspase-1 and Gasdermin D Afford the Optimal Targets with Distinct Switching Strategies in NLRP1b Inflammasome-Induced Cell Death. Research (Wash D C) 2022; 2022:9838341. [PMID: 35958114 PMCID: PMC9343085 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9838341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are essential complexes of innate immune system, which form the first line of host defense against pathogens. Mounting evidence accumulates that inflammasome signaling is highly correlated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, there remains a significant gap in our understanding of the regulatory mechanism of inflammasome signaling. Combining mathematical modeling with experimental analysis of NLRP1b inflammasome signaling, we found that only the expression levels of caspase-1 and GSDMD have the potential to individually switch cell death modes. Reduction of caspase-1 or GSDMD switches cell death from pyroptosis to apoptosis. Caspase-1 and GSDMD present different thresholds and exert distinct pathway choices in switching death modes. Pyroptosis switches to apoptosis with an extremely low threshold level of caspase-1, but with a high threshold of GSDMD. Caspase-1-impaired cells employ ASC-caspase-8-dependent pathway for apoptosis, while GSDMD-impaired cells primarily utilize caspase-1-dependent pathway. Additionally, caspase-1 and GSDMD can severally ignite the cooccurrence of pyroptosis and apoptosis. Landscape topography unravels that the cooccurrence is dramatically different in caspase-1- and GSDMD-impaired cells. Besides pyroptosis state and apoptosis state, a potential new “coexisting” state in single cells is proposed when GSDMD acts as the driving force of the landscape. The “seesaw model” is therefore proposed, which can well describe the death states that are controlled by caspase-1 or GSDMD in single cells. Our study sheds new light on NLRP1b inflammasome signaling and uncovers the switching mechanisms among various death modes, providing potential clues to guide the development of more rational control strategies for diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Physics and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhiyong Yin
- Department of Physics and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Physics and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhang-Hua Yang
- National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jun Jin
- Department of Physics and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jing Qu
- Department of Physics and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhilong Liu
- Department of Physics and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hong Qi
- Complex Systems Research Center, Shanxi University, Shanxi, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Chenggui Yao
- College of Data Science, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Jianwei Shuai
- Department of Physics and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health) and Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China
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33
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Evavold CL, Kagan JC. Diverse Control Mechanisms of the Interleukin-1 Cytokine Family. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:910983. [PMID: 35832789 PMCID: PMC9272893 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.910983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of interleukin-1 (IL-1) family cytokines lack amino terminal secretion signals or transmembrane domains for secretion along the conventional biosynthetic pathway. Yet, these factors must be translocated from the cytoplasm across the plasma membrane into the extracellular space in order to regulate inflammation. Recent work has identified an array of mechanisms by which IL-1 family cytokines can be released into the extracellular space, with supramolecular organizing centers known as inflammasomes serving as dominant drivers of this process. In this review, we discuss current knowledge of the mechanisms of IL-1 family cytokine synthesis, processing, and release from cells. Using this knowledge, we propose a model whereby host metabolic state dictates the route of IL-1β secretion, with implications for microbial infection and sterile inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles L. Evavold
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Charles L. Evavold, ; Jonathan C. Kagan,
| | - Jonathan C. Kagan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Charles L. Evavold, ; Jonathan C. Kagan,
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34
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Gao W, Wang X, Zhou Y, Wang X, Yu Y. Autophagy, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis in tumor immunotherapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:196. [PMID: 35725836 PMCID: PMC9208265 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01046-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 144.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has led to unprecedented breakthroughs in cancer treatment. However, the fact that many tumors respond poorly or even not to ICIs, partly caused by the absence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), significantly limits the application of ICIs. Converting these immune “cold” tumors into “hot” tumors that may respond to ICIs is an unsolved question in cancer immunotherapy. Since it is a general characteristic of cancers to resist apoptosis, induction of non-apoptotic regulated cell death (RCD) is emerging as a new cancer treatment strategy. Recently, several studies have revealed the interaction between non-apoptotic RCD and antitumor immunity. Specifically, autophagy, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis exhibit synergistic antitumor immune responses while possibly exerting inhibitory effects on antitumor immune responses. Thus, targeted therapies (inducers or inhibitors) against autophagy, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis in combination with immunotherapy may exert potent antitumor activity, even in tumors resistant to ICIs. This review summarizes the multilevel relationship between antitumor immunity and non-apoptotic RCD, including autophagy, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis, and the potential targeting application of non-apoptotic RCD to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitong Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xueqian Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China.
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35
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Wang S, Moreau F, Chadee K. Gasdermins in Innate Host Defense Against Entamoeba histolytica and Other Protozoan Parasites. Front Immunol 2022; 13:900553. [PMID: 35795683 PMCID: PMC9251357 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.900553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gasdermins (GSDMs) are a group of proteins that are cleaved by inflammatory caspases to induce pore formation in the plasma membrane to cause membrane permeabilization and lytic cell death or pyroptosis. All GSDMs share a conserved structure, containing a cytotoxic N-terminal (NT) pore-forming domain and a C-terminal (CT) repressor domain. Entamoeba histolytica (Eh) in contact with macrophages, triggers outside-in signaling to activate inflammatory caspase-4/1 via the noncanonical and canonical pathway to promote cleavage of gasdermin D (GSDMD). Cleavage of GSDMD removes the auto-inhibition that masks the active pore-forming NT domain in the full-length protein by interactions with GSDM-CT. The cleaved NT-GSDMD monomers then oligomerize to form pores in the plasma membrane to facilitate the release of IL-1β and IL-18 with a measured amount of pyroptosis. Pyroptosis is an effective way to counteract intracellular parasites, which exploit replicative niche to avoid killing. To date, most GSDMs have been verified to perform pore-forming activity and GSDMD-induced pyroptosis is rapidly emerging as a mechanism of anti-microbial host defence. Here, we review our comprehensive and current knowledge on the expression, activation, biological functions, and regulation of GSDMD cleavage with emphases on physiological scenario and related dysfunctions of each GSDM member as executioner of cell death, cytokine secretion and inflammation against Eh and other protozoan parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kris Chadee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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36
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Karasawa T, Komada T, Yamada N, Aizawa E, Mizushina Y, Watanabe S, Baatarjav C, Matsumura T, Takahashi M. Cryo-sensitive aggregation triggers NLRP3 inflammasome assembly in cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome. eLife 2022; 11:75166. [PMID: 35616535 PMCID: PMC9177154 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS) is an autoinflammatory syndrome caused by mutations of NLRP3 gene encoding cryopyrin. Familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome (FCAS), the mildest form of CAPS, is characterized by cold-induced inflammation induced by the overproduction of IL-1β. However, the molecular mechanism of how mutated NLRP3 causes inflammasome activation in CAPS remains unclear. Here, we found that CAPS-associated NLRP3 mutants form cryo-sensitive aggregates that function as a scaffold for inflammasome activation. Cold exposure promoted inflammasome assembly and subsequent IL-1β release triggered by mutated NLRP3. While K+ efflux was dispensable, Ca2+ was necessary for mutated NLRP3-mediated inflammasome assembly. Notably, Ca2+ influx was induced during mutated NLRP3-mediated inflammasome assembly. Furthermore, caspase-1 inhibition prevented Ca2+ influx and inflammasome assembly induced by the mutated NLRP3, suggesting a feed-forward Ca2+ influx loop triggered by mutated NLRP3. Thus, the mutated NLRP3 forms cryo-sensitive aggregates to promote inflammasome assembly distinct from canonical NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadayoshi Karasawa
- Division of Inflammation Research, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Takanori Komada
- Division of Inflammation Research, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Naoya Yamada
- Division of Inflammation Research, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Emi Aizawa
- Division of Inflammation Research, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Mizushina
- Division of Inflammation Research, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Sachiko Watanabe
- Division of Inflammation Research, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | | | - Takayoshi Matsumura
- Division of Inflammation Research, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Masafumi Takahashi
- Division of Inflammation Research, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
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37
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Sala R, Rioja-Blanco E, Serna N, Sánchez-García L, Álamo P, Alba-Castellón L, Casanova I, López-Pousa A, Unzueta U, Céspedes MV, Vázquez E, Villaverde A, Mangues R. GSDMD-dependent pyroptotic induction by a multivalent CXCR4-targeted nanotoxin blocks colorectal cancer metastases. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:1384-1397. [PMID: 35532120 PMCID: PMC9090371 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2069302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the third cause of cancer-related mortality in Western countries, metastases are the main cause of death. CRC treatment remains limited by systemic toxicity and chemotherapy resistance. Therefore, nanoparticle-mediated delivery of cytotoxic agents selectively to cancer cells represents an efficient strategy to increase the therapeutic index and overcome drug resistance. We have developed the T22-PE24-H6 therapeutic protein-only nanoparticle that incorporates the exotoxin A from Pseudomonas aeruginosa to selectively target CRC cells because of its multivalent ligand display that triggers a high selectivity interaction with the CXCR4 receptor overexpressed on the surface of CRC stem cells. We here observed a CXCR4-dependent cytotoxic effect for T22-PE24-H6, which was not mediated by apoptosis, but instead capable of inducing a time-dependent and sequential activation of pyroptotic markers in CRC cells in vitro. Next, we demonstrated that repeated doses of T22-PE24-H6 inhibit tumor growth in a subcutaneous CXCR4+ CRC model, also through pyroptotic activation. Most importantly, this nanoparticle also blocked the development of lymphatic and hematogenous metastases, in a highly aggressive CXCR4+ SW1417 orthotopic CRC model, in the absence of systemic toxicity. This targeted drug delivery approach supports for the first time the clinical relevance of inducing GSDMD-dependent pyroptosis, a cell death mechanism alternative to apoptosis, in CRC models, leading to the selective elimination of CXCR4+ cancer stem cells, which are associated with resistance, metastases and anti-apoptotic upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Sala
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales Y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.,Josep Carreras Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Rioja-Blanco
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Josep Carreras Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Naroa Serna
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales Y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Biotecnologia I de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Departament de Genètica I de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Laura Sánchez-García
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales Y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Biotecnologia I de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Departament de Genètica I de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Patricia Álamo
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales Y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.,Josep Carreras Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena Alba-Castellón
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Josep Carreras Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isolda Casanova
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales Y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.,Josep Carreras Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio López-Pousa
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales Y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Barcelon, Spain
| | - Ugutz Unzueta
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales Y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.,Josep Carreras Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Esther Vázquez
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales Y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Biotecnologia I de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Departament de Genètica I de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Antonio Villaverde
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales Y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Biotecnologia I de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Departament de Genètica I de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ramon Mangues
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales Y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.,Josep Carreras Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
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38
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Liao XX, Dai YZ, Zhao YZ, Nie K. Gasdermin E: A Prospective Target for Therapy of Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:855828. [PMID: 35462927 PMCID: PMC9019550 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.855828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Gasdermin E (GSDME) is a member of the gasdermin protein family, which mediates programmed cell death including apoptosis and pyroptosis. Recently, it was suggested that GSDME is activated by chemotherapeutic drugs to stimulate pyroptosis of cancer cells and trigger anti-tumor immunity, which is identified as a tumor suppressor. However, GSDME-mediated pyroptosis contributes to normal tissue damage, leading to pathological inflammations. Inhibiting GSDME-mediated pyroptosis might be a potential target in ameliorating inflammatory diseases. Therefore, targeting GSDME is a promising option for the treatment of diseases in the future. In this review, we introduce the roles of GSDME-driven programmed cell death in different diseases and the potential targeted therapies of GSDME, so as to provide a foundation for future research.
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39
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Abstract
Significance: Inflammasomes are cytosolic multiprotein complexes that mediate innate immune pathways. Inflammasomes activate inflammatory caspases and regulate inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 as well as inflammatory cell death (pyroptosis). Among known inflammasomes, NLRP3 (NLR family pyrin domain containing 3) inflammasome is unique and well studied owing to the fact that it senses a broad range of stimuli and is implicated in the pathogenesis of both microbial and sterile inflammatory diseases. Recent Advances: Reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially derived from the mitochondria, are one of the critical mediators of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Furthermore, NLRP3 inflammasome-driven inflammation recruits inflammatory cells, including macrophages and neutrophils, which in turn cause ROS production, suggesting a feedback loop between ROS and NLRP3 inflammasome. Critical Issues: The precise mechanism of how ROS affects NLRP3 inflammasome activation still need to be addressed. This review will summarize the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome with particular emphasis on the intricate balance of feedback loop between ROS and inflammasome activation. Future Directions: Understanding that this relationship is loop rather than traditionally understood linear mechanism will enable to fine-tune inflammasome activation under varied pathological settings. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 784-796.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abishai Dominic
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nhat-Tu Le
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Masafumi Takahashi
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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40
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Sun K, Wang C, Xiao J, Brodt MD, Yuan L, Yang T, Alippe Y, Hu H, Hao D, Abu-Amer Y, Silva MJ, Shen J, Mbalaviele G. Fracture healing is delayed in the absence of gasdermin - interleukin-1 signaling. eLife 2022; 11:75753. [PMID: 35244027 PMCID: PMC8923664 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino-terminal fragments from proteolytically cleaved gasdermins (GSDMs) form plasma membrane pores that enable the secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18. Excessive GSDM-mediated pore formation can compromise the integrity of the plasma membrane thereby causing the lytic inflammatory cell death, pyroptosis. We found that GSDMD and GSDME were the only GSDMs that were readily expressed in bone microenvironment. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that GSDMD and GSDME are implicated in fracture healing owing to their role in the obligatory inflammatory response following injury. We found that bone callus volume and biomechanical properties of injured bones were significantly reduced in mice lacking either GSDM compared with wild-type (WT) mice, indicating that fracture healing was compromised in mutant mice. However, compound loss of GSDMD and GSDME did not exacerbate the outcomes, suggesting shared actions of both GSDMs in fracture healing. Mechanistically, bone injury induced IL-1β and IL-18 secretion in vivo, a response that was mimicked in vitro by bone debris and ATP, which function as inflammatory danger signals. Importantly, the secretion of these cytokines was attenuated in conditions of GSDMD deficiency. Finally, deletion of IL-1 receptor reproduced the phenotype of Gsdmd or Gsdme deficient mice, implying that inflammatory responses induced by the GSDM-IL-1 axis promote bone healing after fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Chun Wang
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Jianqiu Xiao
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Michael D Brodt
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Luorongxin Yuan
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Tong Yang
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Yael Alippe
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Huimin Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dingjun Hao
- Department of Spine Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yousef Abu-Amer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, United States
| | - Matthew J Silva
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, United States
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, United States
| | - Gabriel Mbalaviele
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
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41
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Zhu L, Li X, Xu F, Yin Z, Jin J, Liu Z, Qi H, Shuai J. Network modeling-based identification of the switching targets between pyroptosis and secondary pyroptosis. CHAOS, SOLITONS, AND FRACTALS 2022; 155:111724. [PMID: 36570873 PMCID: PMC9759288 DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2021.111724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The newly identified cell death type, pyroptosis plays crucial roles in various diseases. Most recently, mounting evidence accumulates that pyroptotic signaling is highly correlated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Thus, understanding the induction of the pyroptotic signaling and dissecting the detail molecular control mechanisms are urgently needed. Based on recent experimental studies, a core regulatory model of the pyroptotic signaling is constructed to investigate the intricate crosstalk dynamics between the two cell death types, i.e., pyroptosis and secondary pyroptosis. The model well reproduces the experimental observations under different conditions. Sensitivity analysis determines that only the expression level of caspase-1 or GSDMD has the potential to individually change death modes. The decrease of caspase-1 or GSDMD level switches cell death from pyroptosis to secondary pyroptosis. Besides, eight biochemical reactions are identified that can efficiently switch death modes. While from the viewpoint of bifurcation analysis, the expression level of caspase-3 is further identified and twelve biochemical reactions are obtained. The coexistence of pyroptosis and secondary pyroptosis is predicted to be observed not only within the bistable range, but also within proper monostable range, presenting two potential different control mechanisms. Combined with the landscape theory, we further explore the stochastic dynamic and global stability of the pyroptotic system, accurately quantifying how each component mediates the individual occurrence probability of pyroptosis and secondary pyroptosis. Overall, this study sheds new light on the intricate crosstalk of the pyroptotic signaling and uncovers the regulatory mechanisms of various stable state transitions, providing potential clues to guide the development for prevention and treatment of pyroptosis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligang Zhu
- Department of Physics, and Fujian Provincial Key Lab for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Physics, and Fujian Provincial Key Lab for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Physics, and Fujian Provincial Key Lab for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China
| | - Zhiyong Yin
- Department of Physics, and Fujian Provincial Key Lab for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jun Jin
- Department of Physics, and Fujian Provincial Key Lab for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhilong Liu
- Department of Physics, and Fujian Provincial Key Lab for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hong Qi
- Complex Systems Research Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jianwei Shuai
- Department of Physics, and Fujian Provincial Key Lab for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China
- National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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42
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Santa Cruz Garcia AB, Schnur KP, Malik AB, Mo GCH. Gasdermin D pores are dynamically regulated by local phosphoinositide circuitry. Nat Commun 2022; 13:52. [PMID: 35013201 PMCID: PMC8748731 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27692-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gasdermin D forms large, ~21 nm diameter pores in the plasma membrane to drive the cell death program pyroptosis. These pores are thought to be permanently open, and the resultant osmotic imbalance is thought to be highly damaging. Yet some cells mitigate and survive pore formation, suggesting an undiscovered layer of regulation over the function of these pores. However, no methods exist to directly reveal these mechanistic details. Here, we combine optogenetic tools, live cell fluorescence biosensing, and electrophysiology to demonstrate that gasdermin pores display phosphoinositide-dependent dynamics. We quantify repeated and fast opening-closing of these pores on the tens of seconds timescale, visualize the dynamic pore geometry, and identify the signaling that controls dynamic pore activity. The identification of this circuit allows pharmacological tuning of pyroptosis and control of inflammatory cytokine release by living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin P Schnur
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Asrar B Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gary C H Mo
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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43
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Ling Y, Xiao M, Huang ZW, Xu H, Huang FQ, Ren NN, Chen CM, Lu DM, Yao XM, Xiao LN, Ma WK. Jinwujiangu Capsule Treats Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes of Rheumatoid Arthritis by Inhibiting Pyroptosis via the NLRP3/CAPSES/GSDMD Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:4836992. [PMID: 34853599 PMCID: PMC8629621 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4836992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Jinwujiangu capsule (JWJGC) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, whether its mechanism is associated with pyroptosis remains unclear. In this study, the ability of JWJGC to inhibit the growth of fibroblast-like synoviocytes of RA (RA-FLS) through pyroptosis was evaluated. The cells isolated from patients with RA were identified by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry. After RA-FLS were treated with different concentrations of JWJGC-containing serum, the cell proliferation inhibition rate, expression of caspase-1/3/4/5, NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), gasdermin-D (GSDMD), and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), concentrations of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18), the activity of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and pyroptosis were evaluated. The results showed that JWJGC increased the proliferative inhibition rate, decreased the expression of caspase-1/3/4/5, GSDMD, NLRP3, and ASC, suppressed the expression of IL-1β and IL-18, induced the activity of LDH, and downregulated the number of double-positive FITC anti-caspase-1 and PI. Generally, our findings suggest that JWJGC can regulate NLRP3/CAPSES/GSDMD in treating RA-FLS through pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ling
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Mao Xiao
- Guizhou Anshun People's Hospital, Anshun 561000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zhao-Wei Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Hui Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Fang-Qin Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ni-Na Ren
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Chang-Ming Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Dao Min Lu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xue-Ming Yao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Li-Na Xiao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Wu-Kai Ma
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
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Hou J, Hsu JM, Hung MC. Molecular mechanisms and functions of pyroptosis in inflammation and antitumor immunity. Mol Cell 2021; 81:4579-4590. [PMID: 34562371 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Canonically, gasdermin D (GSDMD) cleavage by caspase-1 through inflammasome signaling triggers immune cell pyroptosis (ICP) as a host defense against pathogen infection. However, cancer cell pyroptosis (CCP) was recently discovered to be activated by distinct molecular mechanisms in which GSDMB, GSDMC, and GSDME, rather than GSDMD, are the executioners. Moreover, instead of inflammatory caspases, apoptotic caspases and granzymes are required for gasdermin protein cleavage to induce CCP. Sufficient accumulation of protease-cleaved gasdermin proteins is the prerequisite for CCP. Inflammation induced by ICP or CCP results in diametrically opposite effects on antitumor immunity because of the differential duration and released cellular contents, leading to contrary effects on therapeutic outcomes. Here, we focus on the distinct mechanisms of ICP and CCP and discuss the roles of ICP and CCP in inflammation and antitumor immunity, representing actionable targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Hou
- Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jung-Mao Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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45
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Yang T, Sun K, Wang C, Swarnkar G, Quan S, Kress D, Xiao J, Alippe Y, Zheng H, Brophy RH, Hao D, McAlinden A, Abu-Amer Y, Shen J, Mbalaviele G. Gasdermin D deficiency attenuates arthritis induced by traumatic injury but not autoantibody-assembled immune complexes. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:286. [PMID: 34784954 PMCID: PMC8594229 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02668-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gasdermin D (GSDMD) is cleaved by several proteases including by caspase-1, a component of intracellular protein complexes called inflammasomes. Caspase-1 also converts pro-interleukin-1β (pro-IL-1β) and pro-IL-18 into bioactive IL-1β and IL-18, respectively. GSDMD amino-terminal fragments form plasma membrane pores, which mediate the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 and cause the inflammatory form of cell death pyroptosis. Here, we tested the hypothesis that GSDMD contributes to joint degeneration in the K/BxN serum transfer-induced arthritis (STIA) model in which autoantibodies against glucose-6-phosphate isomerase promote the formation of pathogenic immune complexes on the surface of myeloid cells, which highly express the inflammasomes. The unexpected outcomes with the STIA model prompted us to determine the role of GSDMD in the post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) model caused by meniscus ligamentous injury (MLI) based on the hypothesis that this pore-forming protein is activated by signals released from damaged joint tissues. METHODS Gsdmd +/+ and Gsdmd-/- mice were injected with K/BxN mouse serum or subjected to MLI to cause STIA or PTOA, respectively. Paw and ankle swelling and DXA scanning were used to assess the outcomes in the STIA model whereas histopathology and micro-computed tomography (μCT) were utilized to monitor joints in the PTOA model. Murine and human joint tissues were also examined for GSDMD, IL-1β, and IL-18 expression by qPCR, immunohistochemistry, or immunoblotting. RESULTS GSDMD levels were higher in serum-inoculated paws compared to PBS-injected paws. Unexpectedly, ablation of GSDMD failed to reduce joint swelling and osteolysis, suggesting that GSDMD was dispensable for the pathogenesis of STIA. GSDMD levels were also higher in MLI compared to sham-operated joints. Importantly, ablation of GSDMD attenuated MLI-associated cartilage degradation (p = 0.0097), synovitis (p = 0.014), subchondral bone sclerosis (p = 0.0006), and subchondral bone plate thickness (p = 0.0174) based on histopathological and μCT analyses. CONCLUSION GSDMD plays a key role in the pathogenesis of PTOA, but not STIA, suggesting that its actions in experimental arthropathy are tissue context-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Yang
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8301, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kai Sun
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8301, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Chun Wang
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8301, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Gaurav Swarnkar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Songtao Quan
- Luoyang Orthopedic - Traumatological Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Dustin Kress
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8301, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jianqiu Xiao
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8301, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Yael Alippe
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8301, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Hongjun Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert H Brophy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dingjun Hao
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Audrey McAlinden
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Shriners Hospital for Children, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yousef Abu-Amer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Shriners Hospital for Children, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gabriel Mbalaviele
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8301, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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Wang C, Yang T, Xiao J, Xu C, Alippe Y, Sun K, Kanneganti TD, Monahan JB, Abu-Amer Y, Lieberman J, Mbalaviele G. NLRP3 inflammasome activation triggers gasdermin D-independent inflammation. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabj3859. [PMID: 34678046 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abj3859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Wang
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tong Yang
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianqiu Xiao
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Canxin Xu
- Aclaris Therapeutics Inc., St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Yael Alippe
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kai Sun
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | | | | | - Yousef Abu-Amer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Shriners Hospital for Children, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Judy Lieberman
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Gabriel Mbalaviele
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Guo H, Qian L, Cui J. Focused evaluation of the roles of macrophages in chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy associated cytokine release syndrome. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 19:j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0087. [PMID: 34570442 PMCID: PMC8958886 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a major obstacle to the widespread clinical application of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies. CRS can also be induced by infections (such as SARS-CoV-2), drugs (such as therapeutic antibodies), and some autoimmune diseases. Myeloid-derived macrophages play key roles in the pathogenesis of CRS, and participate in the production and release of the core CRS cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and interferon-γ. In this review, we summarize the roles of macrophages in CRS and discuss new developments in macrophage activation and the related mechanisms of cytokine regulation in CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanfei Guo
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Lei Qian
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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48
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Zhou J, Chen S, Ren J, Zou H, Liu Y, Chen Y, Qiu Y, Zhuang W, Tao J, Yang J. Association of enhanced circulating trimethylamine N-oxide with vascular endothelial dysfunction in periodontitis patients. J Periodontol 2021; 93:770-779. [PMID: 34472093 DOI: 10.1002/jper.21-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidences indicate that periodontitis is closely associated with endothelial dysfunction. Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a harmful microbiota generated metabolite, has been implicated as a nontraditional risk factor for impaired endothelial function. However, whether increased circulating levels of TMAO in periodontitis patients induces endothelial dysfunction remains unknown. METHODS Patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy controls were enrolled. Periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) was calculated to assess the inflammatory burden posed by periodontitis. The circulating TMAO was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Vascular endothelial function including peripheral endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), brachial arterial flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) were assessed. We also isolated and cultured EPCs from participants' peripheral blood to investigate the effect of TMAO on EPC functions in vitro. RESULTS One hundred and twenty two patients with Stage III-IV periodontitis and 81 healthy controls were included. Patients with periodontitis presented elevated TMAO (P = 0.002), lower EPCs (P = 0.025), and declined FMD levels (P = 0.005). The TMAO concentrations were correlated with reduced circulating EPCs and FMD levels. Moreover, TMAO can injury EPCs function in vitro, and may induce cell pyroptosis via Bax/caspase-3/GSDME pathway. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates for the first time that circulating TMAO levels are increased in patients with Stage III-IV periodontitis, and correlated with vascular endothelial dysfunction. These findings may provide a novel insight into the mechanism of vascular endothelial dysfunction in patient with periodontitis via TMAO-downregulated EPC functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiqiong Zou
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yafang Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanbin Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yumin Qiu
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijie Zhuang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Tao
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junying Yang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Loveless R, Bloomquist R, Teng Y. Pyroptosis at the forefront of anticancer immunity. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:264. [PMID: 34429144 PMCID: PMC8383365 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02065-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor resistance to apoptosis and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment are two major contributors to poor therapeutic responses during cancer intervention. Pyroptosis, a lytic and inflammatory programmed cell death pathway distinct from apoptosis, has subsequently sparked notable interest among cancer researchers for its potential to be clinically harnessed and to address these problems. Recent evidence indicates that pyroptosis induction in tumor cells leads to a robust inflammatory response and marked tumor regression. Underlying its antitumor effect, pyroptosis is mediated by pore-forming gasdermin proteins that facilitate immune cell activation and infiltration through their release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and immunogenic material following cell rupture. Considering its inflammatory nature, however, aberrant pyroptosis may also be implicated in the formation of a tumor supportive microenvironment, as evidenced by the upregulation of gasdermin proteins in certain cancers. In this review, the molecular pathways leading to pyroptosis are introduced, followed by an overview of the seemingly entangled links between pyroptosis and cancer. We describe what is known regarding the impact of pyroptosis on anticancer immunity and give insight into the potential of harnessing pyroptosis as a tool and applying it to novel or existing anticancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reid Loveless
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Ryan Bloomquist
- Department of Restorative Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Yong Teng
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 201 Dowman Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Oh C, Verma A, Hafeez M, Hogland B, Aachoui Y. Shigella OspC3 suppresses murine cytosolic LPS sensing. iScience 2021; 24:102910. [PMID: 34409271 PMCID: PMC8361271 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Shigella flexneri, a cytosol-invasive gram-negative pathogen, deploys an array of type III-secreted effector proteins to evade host cell defenses. Caspase-11 and its human ortholog caspase-4 detect cytosolic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and trigger gasdermin D-mediated pyroptosis to eliminate intra-cytoplasmic bacterial threats. However, the role of caspase-11 in combating S. flexneri is unclear. The Shigella T3SS effector OspC3 reportedly suppresses cytosolic LPS sensing by inhibiting caspase-4 but not caspase-11 activity. Surprisingly, we found that S. flexneri also uses OspC3 to inhibit murine caspase-11 activity. Mechanistically, we found that OspC3 binds only to primed caspase-11. Importantly, we demonstrate that S. flexneri employs OspC3 to prevent caspase-11-mediated pyroptosis in neutrophils, enabling bacteria to disseminate and evade clearance following intraperitoneal challenge. In contrast, S. flexneri lacking OspC3 is attenuated in a caspase-11- and gasdermin D-dependent fashion. Overall, our study reveals that OspC3 suppresses cytosolic LPS detection in a broad array of mammals. S. flexneri T3SS-secreted OspC3 suppresses cytosolic LPS sensing by caspase-11 OspC3 binds to caspase-11 in a priming-dependent manner S. flexneri employs OspC3 to prevent caspase-11-mediated pyroptosis in neutrophils Neutrophil caspase-11 is essential in defense against S. flexneri ΔOspC3 in vivo
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhoon Oh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Host Responses, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Ambika Verma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Host Responses, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Mohib Hafeez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Host Responses, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA
| | - Brandon Hogland
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Host Responses, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Youssef Aachoui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Host Responses, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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