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Wang X, Wang T, Kaneko S, Kriukov E, Lam E, Szczepan M, Chen J, Gregg A, Wang X, Fernandez-Gonzalez A, Mitsialis SA, Kourembanas S, Baranov P, Sun Y. Photoreceptors inhibit pathological retinal angiogenesis through transcriptional regulation of Adam17 via c-Fos. Angiogenesis 2024; 27:379-395. [PMID: 38483712 PMCID: PMC11303108 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-024-09912-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Pathological retinal angiogenesis profoundly impacts visual function in vascular eye diseases, such as retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in preterm infants and age-related macular degeneration in the elderly. While the involvement of photoreceptors in these diseases is recognized, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study delved into the pivotal role of photoreceptors in regulating abnormal retinal blood vessel growth using an oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mouse model through the c-Fos/A disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (Adam17) axis. Our findings revealed a significant induction of c-Fos expression in rod photoreceptors, and c-Fos depletion in these cells inhibited pathological neovascularization and reduced blood vessel leakage in the OIR mouse model. Mechanistically, c-Fos directly regulated the transcription of Adam17 a shedding protease responsible for the production of bioactive molecules involved in inflammation, angiogenesis, and cell adhesion and migration. Furthermore, we demonstrated the therapeutic potential by using an adeno-associated virus carrying a rod photoreceptor-specific short hairpin RNA against c-fos which effectively mitigated abnormal retinal blood vessel overgrowth, restored retinal thickness, and improved electroretinographic (ERG) responses. In conclusion, this study highlights the significance of photoreceptor c-Fos in ROP pathology, offering a novel perspective for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tianxi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Satoshi Kaneko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emil Kriukov
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Enton Lam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Manon Szczepan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jasmine Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Austin Gregg
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xingyan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Angeles Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Alex Mitsialis
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stella Kourembanas
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Petr Baranov
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ye Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Ahmed CM, Johnson HM, Lewin AS. Corneal application of SOCS1/3 peptides for the treatment of eye diseases mediated by inflammation and oxidative stress. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1416181. [PMID: 39104531 PMCID: PMC11298391 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1416181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Several blinding diseases affecting the retina and optic nerve are exacerbated by or caused by dysregulated inflammation and oxidative stress. These diseases include uveitis, age related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. Consequently, despite their divergent symptoms, treatments that reduce oxidative stress and suppress inflammation may be therapeutic. The production of inflammatory cytokines and their activities are regulated by a class of proteins termed Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS). SOCS1 and SOCS3 are known to dampen signaling via pathways employing Janus kinases and signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins (JAK/STAT), Toll-like Receptors (TLR), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), mitogen activated kinase (MAPK) and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3). We have developed cell-penetrating peptides from the kinase inhibitory region of the SOCS1 and SOCS3 (denoted as R9-SOCS1-KIR and R9-SOCS3-KIR) and tested them in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and in macrophage cell lines. SOCS-KIR peptides exhibited anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-angiogenic properties. In cell culture, both Th1 and Th17 cells were suppressed together with the inhibition of other inflammatory markers. We also observed a decrease in oxidants and a simultaneous rise in neuroprotective and anti-oxidant effectors. In addition, treatment prevented the loss of gap junction proteins and the ensuing drop in transepithelial electrical resistance in RPE cells. When tested in mouse models by eye drop instillation, they showed protection against autoimmune uveitis, as a prophylactic as well as a therapeutic. Mice with endotoxin-induced uveitis were protected by eye drop administration as well. R9-SOCS3-KIR was particularly effective against the pathways acting through STAT3, e.g. IL-6 and VEGF-A mediated responses that lead to macular degeneration. Eye drop administration of R9-SOCS3-KIR stimulated production of antioxidant effectors and reduced clinical symptoms in mouse model of oxidative stress that replicates the RPE injury occurring in AMD. Because these peptides suppress multiple pathogenic stimuli and because they can be delivered topically to the cornea, they are attractive candidates for therapeutics for uveitis, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulbul M. Ahmed
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Howard M. Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Alfred S. Lewin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Yuan F, Zhang R, Li J, Lei Q, Wang S, Jiang F, Guo Y, Xiang M. CCR5-overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells protect against experimental autoimmune uveitis: insights from single-cell transcriptome analysis. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:136. [PMID: 38802924 PMCID: PMC11131209 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03134-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune uveitis is a leading cause of severe vision loss, and animal models provide unique opportunities for studying its pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies. Here we employ scRNA-seq, RNA-seq and various molecular and cellular approaches to characterize mouse models of classical experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), revealing that EAU causes broad retinal neuron degeneration and marker downregulation, and that Müller glia may act as antigen-presenting cells. Moreover, EAU immune response is primarily driven by Th1 cells, and results in dramatic upregulation of CC chemokines, especially CCL5, in the EAU retina. Accordingly, overexpression of CCR5, a CCL5 receptor, in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) enhances their homing capacity and improves their immunomodulatory outcomes in preventing EAU, by reducing infiltrating T cells and activated microglia and suppressing Nlrp3 inflammasome activation. Taken together, our data not only provide valuable insights into the molecular characteristics of EAU but also open an avenue for innovative MSC-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jiani Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Qiannan Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Fanying Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yanan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Mengqing Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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4
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Abraham AG, Tong W, Stosor V, Friedman MR, Detels R, Plankey M. Vision Problems As a Contributor to Lower Engagement in Care Among Aging Men Living with HIV. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38771594 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2024.2346894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate vision impairment as a barrier to engagement in medical care among aging persons living with HIV (PLWH) who experience multimorbidity and complex care needs. SETTING Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), a prospective observational cohort of aging PLWH men. METHODS We examined relationships of self-reported vision difficulty with indicators of care engagement: 1) adherence to HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART; defined as taking ≥95% of medications); 2) self-reported avoidance of medical care; 3) self-reported tendency to ask a doctor questions about care (>2 questions at a medical visit), as well as with quality of life. A modified version of the National Eye Institute Vision Function Questionnaire was administered at three semi-annual visits (from October 2017 to March 2019) to assess difficulty performing vision-dependent tasks. RESULTS We included 1063 PLWH (median age 57 years, 31% Black). Data on care engagement outcomes were analyzed using repeated measures logistic regression with generalized estimating equations adjusted for race, and at visit values for age, education level, depressive symptoms, alcohol use, and smoking status. Compared to no vision difficulty, those reporting moderate to extreme vision difficulty on at least one task had 2.2 times higher odds (95% CI: 1.4, 3.4) of having less than optimal ART adherence, 1.9 times higher odds (95% CI: 1.1, 3.4) of avoiding necessary medical care and median quality of life scores 8 points lower. CONCLUSION These findings suggest vision impairment decreases medical care engagement including HIV care and quality of life among aging PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison G Abraham
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Weiqun Tong
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Valentina Stosor
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - M Reuel Friedman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Roger Detels
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael Plankey
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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Wilke GA, Apte RS. Complement regulation in the eye: implications for age-related macular degeneration. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e178296. [PMID: 38690727 PMCID: PMC11060743 DOI: 10.1172/jci178296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Careful regulation of the complement system is critical for enabling complement proteins to titrate immune defense while also preventing collateral tissue damage from poorly controlled inflammation. In the eye, this balance between complement activity and inhibition is crucial, as a low level of basal complement activity is necessary to support ocular immune privilege, a prerequisite for maintaining vision. Dysregulated complement activation contributes to parainflammation, a low level of inflammation triggered by cellular damage that functions to reestablish homeostasis, or outright inflammation that disrupts the visual axis. Complement dysregulation has been implicated in many ocular diseases, including glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In the last two decades, complement activity has been the focus of intense investigation in AMD pathogenesis, leading to the development of novel therapeutics for the treatment of atrophic AMD. This Review outlines recent advances and challenges, highlighting therapeutic approaches that have advanced to clinical trials, as well as providing a general overview of the complement system in the posterior segment of the eye and selected ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia A. Wilke
- John F. Hardesty, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences
| | - Rajendra S. Apte
- John F. Hardesty, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences
- Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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6
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Castro B, Steel JC, Layton CJ. AAV-mediated gene therapies for glaucoma and uveitis: are we there yet? Expert Rev Mol Med 2024; 26:e9. [PMID: 38618935 PMCID: PMC11062146 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2024.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Glaucoma and uveitis are non-vascular ocular diseases which are among the leading causes of blindness and visual loss. These conditions have distinct characteristics and mechanisms but share a multifactorial and complex nature, making their management challenging and burdensome for patients and clinicians. Furthermore, the lack of symptoms in the early stages of glaucoma and the diverse aetiology of uveitis hinder timely and accurate diagnoses, which are a cause of poor visual outcomes under both conditions. Although current treatment is effective in most cases, it is often associated with low patient adherence and adverse events, which directly impact the overall therapeutic success. Therefore, long-lasting alternatives with improved safety and efficacy are needed. Gene therapy, particularly utilising adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors, has emerged as a promising approach to address unmet needs in these diseases. Engineered capsids with enhanced tropism and lower immunogenicity have been proposed, along with constructs designed for targeted and controlled expression. Additionally, several pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of these conditions have been targeted with single or multigene expression cassettes, gene editing and silencing approaches. This review discusses strategies employed in AAV-based gene therapies for glaucoma and non-infectious uveitis and provides an overview of current progress and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Castro
- LVF Ophthalmology Research Centre, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Greenslopes Clinical School, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jason C. Steel
- LVF Ophthalmology Research Centre, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Greenslopes Clinical School, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Layton
- LVF Ophthalmology Research Centre, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Greenslopes Clinical School, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
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7
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Guadarrama-Escobar OR, Valdés-Alvarez CA, Constantino-Gonzalez KS, Serrano-Castañeda P, Peña-Juárez MC, Morales-Florido MI, Salgado-Machuca M, Rodríguez-Pérez B, Rodriguez-Cruz IM, Vargas-Estrada D, Mercado-Márquez C, Vázquez-Durán A, Méndez-Albores A, Anguíano-Almazán E, Escobar-Chavez JJ. Design and Characterization of Ocular Inserts Loaded with Dexamethasone for the Treatment of Inflammatory Ophthalmic Disease. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:294. [PMID: 38399348 PMCID: PMC10892931 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The short precorneal residence time of ophthalmic drops is associated with their low absorption; therefore, the development of ocular inserts capable of prolonging and controlling the ophthalmic release of drugs is an interesting option in the design and development of these drugs. A surface response design was developed, specifically the Central Composite Design (CCD), to produce ophthalmic films loaded with Dexamethasone (DEX) by the solvent evaporation method having experimental levels of different concentrations of previously selected polymers (PVP K-30 and Eudragit RS100.). Once optimization of the formulation was obtained, the in vivo test was continued. The optimal formulation obtained a thickness of 0.265 ± 0.095 mm, pH of 7.11 ± 0.04, tensile strength of 15.50 ± 3.94 gF, humidity (%) of 22.54 ± 1.7, mucoadhesion strength of 16.89 ± 3.46 gF, chemical content (%) of 98.19 ± 1.124, release of (%) 13,510.71, and swelling of 0.0403 ± 0.023 g; furthermore, in the in vivo testing the number and residence time of PMN cells were lower compared to the Ophthalmic Drops. The present study confirms the potential use of polymeric systems using PVPK30 and ERS100 as a new strategy of controlled release of ophthalmic drugs by controlling and prolonging the release of DEX at the affected site by decreasing the systemic effects of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Rodrigo Guadarrama-Escobar
- Unidad de Investigacion Multidisciplinaria L-12, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan, Km 2.5 San Sebastian Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (O.R.G.-E.); (C.A.V.-A.); (K.S.C.-G.); (P.S.-C.); (M.C.P.-J.); (M.I.M.-F.); (M.S.-M.); (E.A.-A.)
| | - Cassandra Araceli Valdés-Alvarez
- Unidad de Investigacion Multidisciplinaria L-12, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan, Km 2.5 San Sebastian Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (O.R.G.-E.); (C.A.V.-A.); (K.S.C.-G.); (P.S.-C.); (M.C.P.-J.); (M.I.M.-F.); (M.S.-M.); (E.A.-A.)
| | - Karla Stella Constantino-Gonzalez
- Unidad de Investigacion Multidisciplinaria L-12, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan, Km 2.5 San Sebastian Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (O.R.G.-E.); (C.A.V.-A.); (K.S.C.-G.); (P.S.-C.); (M.C.P.-J.); (M.I.M.-F.); (M.S.-M.); (E.A.-A.)
| | - Pablo Serrano-Castañeda
- Unidad de Investigacion Multidisciplinaria L-12, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan, Km 2.5 San Sebastian Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (O.R.G.-E.); (C.A.V.-A.); (K.S.C.-G.); (P.S.-C.); (M.C.P.-J.); (M.I.M.-F.); (M.S.-M.); (E.A.-A.)
| | - Ma. Concepción Peña-Juárez
- Unidad de Investigacion Multidisciplinaria L-12, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan, Km 2.5 San Sebastian Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (O.R.G.-E.); (C.A.V.-A.); (K.S.C.-G.); (P.S.-C.); (M.C.P.-J.); (M.I.M.-F.); (M.S.-M.); (E.A.-A.)
| | - Miriam Isabel Morales-Florido
- Unidad de Investigacion Multidisciplinaria L-12, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan, Km 2.5 San Sebastian Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (O.R.G.-E.); (C.A.V.-A.); (K.S.C.-G.); (P.S.-C.); (M.C.P.-J.); (M.I.M.-F.); (M.S.-M.); (E.A.-A.)
- Laboratorio de Farmacia Molecular y Liberación Controlada, Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco 04960, Mexico
| | - Mariana Salgado-Machuca
- Unidad de Investigacion Multidisciplinaria L-12, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan, Km 2.5 San Sebastian Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (O.R.G.-E.); (C.A.V.-A.); (K.S.C.-G.); (P.S.-C.); (M.C.P.-J.); (M.I.M.-F.); (M.S.-M.); (E.A.-A.)
| | - Betsabe Rodríguez-Pérez
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria L-6 (Laboratorio de Servicios de Análisis de Propóleos), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico;
| | - Isabel Marlen Rodriguez-Cruz
- Unidad de Enseñanza e Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Zumpango, Carretera Zumpango-Jilotzingo # 400, Barrio de Santiago, 2a Sección, Zumpango 55600, Mexico;
| | - Dinorah Vargas-Estrada
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Crisóforo Mercado-Márquez
- Unidad de Aislamiento y Bioterio, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico;
| | - Alma Vázquez-Durán
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria L14 (Ciencia y Tecnología de los Materiales), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (A.V.-D.); (A.M.-A.)
| | - Abraham Méndez-Albores
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria L14 (Ciencia y Tecnología de los Materiales), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (A.V.-D.); (A.M.-A.)
| | - Ericka Anguíano-Almazán
- Unidad de Investigacion Multidisciplinaria L-12, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan, Km 2.5 San Sebastian Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (O.R.G.-E.); (C.A.V.-A.); (K.S.C.-G.); (P.S.-C.); (M.C.P.-J.); (M.I.M.-F.); (M.S.-M.); (E.A.-A.)
| | - José Juan Escobar-Chavez
- Unidad de Investigacion Multidisciplinaria L-12, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan, Km 2.5 San Sebastian Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (O.R.G.-E.); (C.A.V.-A.); (K.S.C.-G.); (P.S.-C.); (M.C.P.-J.); (M.I.M.-F.); (M.S.-M.); (E.A.-A.)
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8
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Dujardin C, Habeler W, Monville C, Letourneur D, Simon-Yarza T. Advances in the engineering of the outer blood-retina barrier: From in-vitro modelling to cellular therapy. Bioact Mater 2024; 31:151-177. [PMID: 37637086 PMCID: PMC10448242 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The outer blood-retina barrier (oBRB), crucial for the survival and the proper functioning of the overlying retinal layers, is disrupted in numerous diseases affecting the retina, leading to the loss of the photoreceptors and ultimately of vision. To study the oBRB and/or its degeneration, many in vitro oBRB models have been developed, notably to investigate potential therapeutic strategies against retinal diseases. Indeed, to this day, most of these pathologies are untreatable, especially once the first signs of degeneration are observed. To cure those patients, a current strategy is to cultivate in vitro a mature oBRB epithelium on a custom membrane that is further implanted to replace the damaged native tissue. After a description of the oBRB and the related diseases, this review presents an overview of the oBRB models, from the simplest to the most complex. Then, we propose a discussion over the used cell types, for their relevance to study or treat the oBRB. Models designed for in vitro applications are then examined, by paying particular attention to the design evolution in the last years, the development of pathological models and the benefits of co-culture models, including both the retinal pigment epithelium and the choroid. Lastly, this review focuses on the models developed for in vivo implantation, with special emphasis on the choice of the material, its processing and its characterization, before discussing the reported pre-clinical and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Dujardin
- Université Paris Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science (LVTS) INSERM-U1148, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Walter Habeler
- INSERM U861, I-Stem, AFM, Institute for Stem Cell Therapy and Exploration of Monogenic Diseases, 91100, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
- U861, I-Stem, AFM, Université Paris-Saclay, Université D’Evry, 91100, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
- CECS, Centre D’étude des Cellules Souches, 91100, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Christelle Monville
- INSERM U861, I-Stem, AFM, Institute for Stem Cell Therapy and Exploration of Monogenic Diseases, 91100, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
- U861, I-Stem, AFM, Université Paris-Saclay, Université D’Evry, 91100, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Didier Letourneur
- Université Paris Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science (LVTS) INSERM-U1148, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Teresa Simon-Yarza
- Université Paris Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science (LVTS) INSERM-U1148, 75018 Paris, France
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Ahmed CM, Patel AP, Johnson HM, Ildefonso CJ, Lewin AS. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3-derived peptide as a therapeutic for inflammatory and oxidative stress-induced damage to the retina. Mol Vis 2023; 29:338-356. [PMID: 38264613 PMCID: PMC10805335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Inflammation and oxidative stress contribute to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and other retinal diseases. We tested a cell-penetrating peptide from the kinase inhibitory region of an intracellular checkpoint inhibitor suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (R9-SOCS3-KIR) peptide for its ability to blunt the inflammatory or oxidative pathways leading to AMD. Methods We used anaphylatoxin C5a to mimic the effect of activated complement, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) to stimulate inflammation and paraquat to induce mitochondrial oxidative stress. We used a human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell line (ARPE-19) as proliferating cells and a mouse macrophage cell line (J774A.1) to follow cell propagation using microscopy or cell titer assays. We evaluated inflammatory pathways by monitoring the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 and mitogen-activated protein kinase p38. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were used to evaluate the induction of inflammatory markers. In differentiated ARPE-19 monolayers, we evaluated the integrity of tight junction proteins through microscopy and the measurement of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). We used intraperitoneal injection of sodium iodate in mice to test the ability of R9-SOC3-KIR to prevent RPE and retinal injury, as assessed by fundoscopy, optical coherence tomography, and histology. Results R9-SOCS3-KIR treatment suppressed C5a-induced nuclear translocation of the NF-kB activation domain p65 in undifferentiated ARPE-19 cells. TNF-mediated damage to tight junction proteins in RPE, and the loss of TEER was prevented in the presence of R9-SOCS3-KIR. Treatment with the R9-SOCS3-KIR peptide blocked the C5a-induced expression of inflammatory genes. The R9-SOCS3-KIR treatment also blocked the LPS-induced expression of interleukin-6, MCP1, cyclooxygenase 2, and interleukin-1 beta. R9-SOCS3-KIR prevented paraquat-mediated cell death and enhanced the levels of antioxidant effectors. Daily eye drop treatment with R9-SOCS3-KIR protected against retinal injury caused by i.p. administration of sodium iodate. Conclusions R9-SOCS3-KIR blocks the induction of inflammatory signaling in cell culture and reduces retinal damage in a widely used RPE/retinal oxidative injury model. As this peptide can be administered through corneal instillation, this treatment may offer a convenient way to slow down the progression of ocular diseases arising from inflammation and chronic oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulbul M Ahmed
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida Gainesville, FL
| | - Anil P Patel
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida Gainesville, FL
| | - Howard M Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida Gainesville, FL
| | | | - Alfred S Lewin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida Gainesville, FL
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Lee JY, Kim S, Sohn HJ, Kim CH, Kim TG, Lee HS. Local Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Impair Progression of Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis by Alleviating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:39. [PMID: 37878302 PMCID: PMC10615146 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.13.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the immune regulatory effect of human cord blood myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) models. Methods MDSCs (1 × 106) or PBS were injected into established C57BL/6 EAU mice via the subconjunctival route on days 0 and 7. The severity of intraocular inflammation was evaluated for up to 3 weeks. Tissue injury and inflammation were analyzed using immunolabelled staining, real-time PCR, and ELISA. In addition, immune cells in draining lymph nodes (LNs) were quantified using flow cytometry. Results After 21 days, the clinical scores and histopathological grades of EAU were lower in the MDSCs group compared with the PBS group. Local administration of MDSCs suppressed the oxidative stress and the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β in the retinal tissues. In addition, it inhibited the activation of pathogenic T helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 cells in draining LNs. MDSCs increased the frequency of CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and the mRNA expression of IL-10, as an immune modulator. Conclusions MDSCs suppressed inflammation and oxidative stress in the retina and inhibited pathogenic T cells in the LNs in EAU. Therefore, ocular administration of MDSCs has therapeutic potential for uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Young Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sueon Kim
- ViGenCell Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Tai-Gyu Kim
- ViGenCell Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States
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11
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Kang H, Sun H, Yang Y, Tuong ZK, Shu M, Wei Y, Zhang Y, Yu D, Tao Y. Autoimmune uveitis in Behçet's disease and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease differ in tissue immune infiltration and T cell clonality. Clin Transl Immunology 2023; 12:e1461. [PMID: 37720629 PMCID: PMC10503407 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Non-infectious uveitis is often secondary to systemic autoimmune diseases, with Behçet's disease (BD) and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKHD) as the two most common causes. Uveitis in BD and VKHD can show similar clinical manifestations, but the underlying immunopathogenesis remains unclear. Methods To understand immune landscapes in inflammatory eye tissues, we performed single-cell RNA paired with T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing of immune cell infiltrates in aqueous humour from six patients with BD (N = 3) and VKHD (N = 3) uveitis patients. Results Although T cells strongly infiltrated in both types of autoimmune uveitis, myeloid cells only significantly presented in BD uveitis but not in VKHD uveitis. Conversely, VKHD uveitis but not BD uveitis showed an overwhelming dominance by CD4+ T cells (> 80%) within the T cell population due to expansion of CD4+ T cell clusters with effector memory (Tem) phenotypes. Correspondingly, VKHD uveitis demonstrated a selective expansion of CD4+ T cell clones which were enriched in pro-inflammatory Granzyme H+ CD4+ Tem cluster and showed TCR and Th1 pathway activation. In contrast, BD uveitis showed a preferential expansion of CD8+ T cell clones in pro-inflammatory Granzyme H+ CD8+ Tem cluster, and pathway activation for cytoskeleton remodelling, cellular adhesion and cytotoxicity. Conclusion Single-cell analyses of ocular tissues reveal distinct landscapes of immune cell infiltration and T-cell clonal expansions between VKHD and BD uveitis. Preferential involvements of pro-inflammatory CD4+ Th1 cells in VKHD and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in BD suggest a difference in disease immunopathogenesis and can guide precision disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chaoyang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hongjian Sun
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia
- Shandong Artificial Intelligence InstituteQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)JinanChina
| | - Yang Yang
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia
- Shandong Artificial Intelligence InstituteQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)JinanChina
| | - Zewen K Tuong
- Ian Frazer Centre for Children's Immunotherapy Research, Children's Health Research Centre, Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Minglei Shu
- Shandong Artificial Intelligence InstituteQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)JinanChina
| | - Yunbo Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Immunology for Environment and Health, Shandong Analysis and Test CenterQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)JinanChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Immunology for Environment and Health, Shandong Analysis and Test CenterQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)JinanChina
| | - Di Yu
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia
- Ian Frazer Centre for Children's Immunotherapy Research, Children's Health Research Centre, Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Yong Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chaoyang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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12
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Conedera FM, Runnels JM, Stein JV, Alt C, Enzmann V, Lin CP. Assessing the role of T cells in response to retinal injury to uncover new therapeutic targets for the treatment of retinal degeneration. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:206. [PMID: 37689689 PMCID: PMC10492418 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02867-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinal degeneration is a disease affecting the eye, which is an immune-privileged site because of its anatomical and physiological properties. Alterations in retinal homeostasis-because of injury, disease, or aging-initiate inflammatory cascades, where peripheral leukocytes (PL) infiltrate the parenchyma, leading to retinal degeneration. So far, research on PL's role in retinal degeneration was limited to observing a few cell types at specific times or sectioning the tissue. This restricted our understanding of immune cell interactions and response duration. METHODS In vivo microscopy in preclinical mouse models can overcome these limitations enabling the spatio-temporal characterization of PL dynamics. Through in vivo imaging, we assessed structural and fluorescence changes in response to a focal injury at a defined location over time. We also utilized minimally invasive techniques, pharmacological interventions, and knockout (KO) mice to determine the role of PL in local inflammation. Furthermore, we investigated PL abundance and localization during retinal degeneration in human eyes by histological analysis to assess to which extent our preclinical study translates to human retinal degeneration. RESULTS We demonstrate that PL, especially T cells, play a detrimental role during retinal injury response. In mice, we observed the recruitment of helper and cytotoxic T cells in the parenchyma post-injury, and T cells also resided in the macula and peripheral retina in pathological conditions in humans. Additionally, we found that the pharmacological PL reduction and genetic depletion of T-cells reduced injured areas in murine retinas and rescued the blood-retina barrier (BRB) integrity. Both conditions promoted morphological changes of Cx3cr1+ cells, including microglial cells, toward an amoeboid phenotype during injury response. Interestingly, selective depletion of CD8+ T cells accelerated recovery of the BRB compared to broader depletions. After anti-CD8 treatment, the retinal function improved, concomitant to a beneficial immune response. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide novel insights into the adaptive immune response to retinal injury in mice and human retinal degeneration. Such information is fundamental to understanding retinal disorders and developing therapeutics to modulate immune responses to retinal degeneration safely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica M Conedera
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Judith M Runnels
- Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jens V Stein
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Clemens Alt
- Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Volker Enzmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Charles P Lin
- Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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13
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Cai Y, Chen J, Sun H, Zhou T, Cai X, Fu Y. Crosstalk between TRPV1 and immune regulation in Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy. Clin Immunol 2023; 254:109701. [PMID: 37482117 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is the leading indication for corneal transplantation worldwide. Our aim was to investigate the role of transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) and the associated immune regulation contributing to this pathological condition. Significant upregulation of TRPV1 was detected in the H2O2-induced in vitro FECD model. Based on gene expression microarray dataset GSE142538 and in vitro results, a comprehensive immune landscape was studied and a negative correlation was found between TRPV1 with different immune cells, especially regulatory T cells (Tregs). Functional analyses of the 313 TRPV1-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed the involvement of TRP-regulated calcium transport, as well as inflammatory and immune pathways. Four TRPV1-related core genes (MAPK14, GNB1, GNAQ, and ARRB2) were screened, validated by microarray dataset GSE112039 and the combined validation dataset E-GEAD-399 & 564, and verified by in vitro experiments. Our study suggested a potential crosstalk between TRPV1 and immune regulation contributing to FECD pathogenesis. The identified pivotal biomarkers and immune-related pathways provide a novel framework for future mechanistic and therapeutic studies of FECD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueyao Cai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Nouralishahi A, Fazlinejad N, Pecho RDC, Zaidan HK, Kheradjoo H, Amin AH, Mohammadzadehsaliani S. Pathological role of inflammation in ocular disease progress and its targeting by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their exosome; current status and prospect. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154619. [PMID: 37406377 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Because of their unique capacity for differentiation to a diversity of cell lineages and immunosuppressive properties, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are being looked at as a potential new treatment option in ophthalmology. The MSCs derived from all tissue sources possess immunomodulatory attributes through cell-to-cell contact and releasing a myriad of immunomodulatory factors (IL-10, TGF-β, growth-related oncogene (GRO), indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO), nitric oxide (NO), interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)). Such mediators, in turn, alter both the phenotype and action of all immune cells that serve a pathogenic role in the progression of inflammation in eye diseases. Exosomes from MSCs, as natural nano-particles, contain the majority of the bioactive components of parental MSCs and can easily by-pass all biological barriers to reach the target epithelial and immune cells in the eye without interfering with nearby parenchymal cells, thus having no serious side effects. We outlined the most recent research on the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic benefits of MSC and MSC-exosome in the treatment of inflammatory eye diseases in the current article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Nouralishahi
- Isfahan Eye Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; KIMS Hospital, Oman
| | | | | | - Haider Kamil Zaidan
- Department of Medical Laboratories Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Babylon, Iraq
| | | | - Ali H Amin
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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15
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Fanelli G, Romano M, Lombardi G, Sacks SH. Soluble Collectin 11 (CL-11) Acts as an Immunosuppressive Molecule Potentially Used by Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Epithelial Cells to Modulate T Cell Response. Cells 2023; 12:1805. [PMID: 37443840 PMCID: PMC10341155 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell allotransplantation is seen as a possible solution to retinal diseases. However, the RPE-complement system triggered by the binding of collectin-11 (CL-11) is a potential barrier for RPE transplantation as the complement-mediated inflammatory response may promote T cell recognition. To address this, we investigated the role of CL-11 on T cell immuno-response. We confirmed that RPE cells up-regulated MHC class I and expressed MHC class II molecules in an inflammatory setting. Co-cultures of RPE cells with T cells led to the inhibition of T cell proliferation. We found that CL-11 was partially responsible for this effect as T cell binding of CL-11 inhibited T cell proliferation in association with the downregulation of CD28. We also found that the suppressive action of CL-11 was abrogated in the presence of the RGD peptide given to block the T cell binding of CL-11 by its collagen-like domain. Because RPE cells can bind and secrete CL-11 under stress conditions, we postulate that soluble CL-11 contributes to the immunosuppressive properties of RPE cells. The investigation of this dual biological activity of CL-11, namely as a trigger of the complement cascade and a modulator of T cell responses, may provide additional clues about the mechanisms that orchestrate the immunogenic properties of RPE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Fanelli
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College, London SE1 9RT, UK; (M.R.); (G.L.); (S.H.S.)
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16
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Cao Y, Langer R, Ferrara N. Targeting angiogenesis in oncology, ophthalmology and beyond. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:476-495. [PMID: 37041221 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00671-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an essential process in normal development and in adult physiology, but can be disrupted in numerous diseases. The concept of targeting angiogenesis for treating diseases was proposed more than 50 years ago, and the first two drugs targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), bevacizumab and pegaptanib, were approved in 2004 for the treatment of cancer and neovascular ophthalmic diseases, respectively. Since then, nearly 20 years of clinical experience with anti-angiogenic drugs (AADs) have demonstrated the importance of this therapeutic modality for these disorders. However, there is a need to improve clinical outcomes by enhancing therapeutic efficacy, overcoming drug resistance, defining surrogate markers, combining with other drugs and developing the next generation of therapeutics. In this Review, we examine emerging new targets, the development of new drugs and challenging issues such as the mode of action of AADs and elucidating mechanisms underlying clinical benefits; we also discuss possible future directions of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Robert Langer
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Napoleone Ferrara
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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17
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Habibi A, Zarei-Behjani Z, Falamarzi K, Malekpour M, Ebrahimi F, Soleimani M, Nejabat M, Khosravi A, Moayedfard Z, Pakbaz S, Dehdari Ebrahimi N, Azarpira N. Extracellular vesicles as a new horizon in the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory eye diseases: A narrative review of the literature. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1097456. [PMID: 36969177 PMCID: PMC10033955 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1097456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. Their cargos contain a diverse variety of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids that are involved in both normal physiology and pathology of the ocular system. Thus, studying extracellular vesicles may lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and even potential treatments for various diseases. The roles of extracellular vesicles in inflammatory eye disorders have been widely investigated in recent years. The term “inflammatory eye diseases” refers to a variety of eye conditions such as inflammation-related diseases, degenerative conditions with remarkable inflammatory components, neuropathy, and tumors. This study presents an overview of extracellular vesicles’ and exosomes’ pathogenic, diagnostic, and therapeutic values in inflammatory eye diseases, as well as existing and potential challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Habibi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Zarei-Behjani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kimia Falamarzi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Malekpour
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ebrahimi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masood Soleimani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Science, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Nejabat
- Department of Ophthalmology School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Khosravi
- Department of Ophthalmology School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Moayedfard
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Pakbaz
- Department of Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Niloofar Dehdari Ebrahimi
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- *Correspondence: Negar Azarpira, ; Niloofar Dehdari Ebrahimi,
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- *Correspondence: Negar Azarpira, ; Niloofar Dehdari Ebrahimi,
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18
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Prokosch V, Li P, Shi X. Glaucoma as a Neurodegenerative and Inflammatory Disease. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2023; 240:125-129. [PMID: 36265500 DOI: 10.1055/a-1965-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease that leads to irreversible loss of vision through degeneration of the retinal ganglia cells (RGCs). Glaucoma is one of the most frequent causes of blindness in the world. Intraocular pressure is the main risk factor for the occurrence and development of this disease. Treatment is largely based on reducing internal optical pressure. However, some patients may deteriorate or become blind, despite normal or reduced internal optical pressure. The pathophysiological details are still unclear. Neuroinflammatory processes are also apparently an additional cause. In principle, innate or local responses of the adaptive immune system can be distinguished. The reaction of the innate immune system, particularly the local microglial cells, has long been studied. The macroglia with the astrocytes and Müller cells and their homeostatic effects have also long been known. On the other hand, it has long been thought that the retina with its RGZs was inert to adaptive immunological reactions - due to the function of the blood brain barrier. However, this system may be disturbed by antigen presentation, leading to a reaction of the adaptive immune system, with B cell and T cell responses. In this context, the key proteins are presumably heat shock proteins. We now know that neuroinflammation is important in glaucoma, as in other neurodegenerative diseases. It is important to increase our understanding of these phenomena. In this review article, we present our current knowledge of the role of the micro- and macroglia, the adaptive immune system, and the heat shock proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Prokosch
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Panpan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Xin Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany
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19
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Sheng Q, Sun Y, Zhai R, Fan X, Ying Y, Kong X. Posner-Schlossman syndrome relapse following inactivated COVID-19 vaccination in China. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1051378. [PMID: 36711335 PMCID: PMC9880426 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1051378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This retrospective study aims to present the characteristics of Posner-Schlossman syndrome (PSS) relapse following inactivated COVID-19 vaccination. Methods From 2020 to 2022, 12 out of 106 PSS patients undergoing relapses after any dose of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines were enrolled. Medical histories, information on the vaccination and systemic adverse events were collected. Patients were treated with corticosteroids, intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering drugs and systemic immunosuppressive agents (if needed). Daily regimen and release course were noted. Results The recurrence rate after vaccination was 11.32% (12/106, 95% CI: 5.29%-17.35%) among 106 PSS patients we surveyed. All the 12 patients were inoculated with inactivated COVID-19 vaccines developed by Sinopharm, China. The mean time of relapse was 5.27 ± 3.72 days (range: 1-13 days, median: 4 days). Higher IOP and more keratic precipitates (KPs) were seen in the relapse following vaccination (33.55 ± 12.99 mmHg, 91.67% had KPs compared to 25.38 ± 3.80 mmHg, 33.33% had KPs in previous relapse, P = 0.009). The mean release course was 30.71 ± 34.74 days for the relapse following vaccination and 7.33 ± 6.51 days for previous relapses. The attack frequency before and after vaccination was 3.56 ± 2.07 and 9.11 ± 7.34 times per year (P = 0.044). Higher daily doses of corticosteroids, IOP-lowering drugs and ganciclovir were needed to maintain stable course, though the difference did not reach statistical significance. Discussion More frequent relapses and harder control of IOP were found in PSS relapse following COVID-19 vaccination. Ophthalmologists need to be aware of the group vulnerability and take precautions, though the pathogenesis is still under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilian Sheng
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China,Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China,Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruyi Zhai
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China,Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xintong Fan
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China,Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Ying
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China,Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangmei Kong
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China,Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Xiangmei Kong ✉
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20
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Shen WC, Huang BQ, Yang J. Regulatory mechanisms of retinal ganglion cell death in normal tension glaucoma and potential therapies. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:87-93. [PMID: 35799514 PMCID: PMC9241424 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.344831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal tension glaucoma (NTG) is a multifactorial optic neuropathy characterized by normal intraocular pressure, progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death, and glaucomatous visual field loss. Recent studies have described the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of NTG. In addition to controlling intraocular pressure, neuroprotection and reduction of RGC degeneration may be beneficial therapies for NTG. In this review, we summarized the main regulatory mechanisms of RGC death in NTG, including autophagy, glutamate neurotoxicity, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, immunity, and vasoconstriction. Autophagy can be induced by retinal hypoxia and axonal damage. In this process, ischemia can cause mutations of optineurin and activate the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway. Glutamate neurotoxicity is induced by the over-stimulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate membrane receptors by glutamate, which occurs in RGCs and induces progressive glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Oxidative stress also participates in NTG-related glaucomatous optic neuropathy. It impairs the mitochondrial and DNA function of RGCs through the apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-JUN N-terminal kinase pathway. Moreover, it increases inflammation and the immune response of RGCs. Endothelin 1 causes endothelial dysfunction and impairment of ocular blood flow, promoting vasospasm and glaucomatous optic neuropathy, as a result of NTG. In conclusion, we discussed research progress on potential options for the protection of RGCs, including TANK binding kinase 1 inhibitors regulating autophagy, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists inhibiting glutamate toxicity, ASK1 inhibitors regulating mitochondrial function, and antioxidants inhibiting oxidative stress. In NTG, RGC death is regulated by a network of mechanisms, while various potential targets protect RGCs. Collectively, these findings provide insight into the pathogenesis of NTG and potential therapeutic strategies.
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21
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Aggio-Bruce R, Schumann U, Cioanca AV, Chen FK, McLenachan S, Heath Jeffery RC, Das S, Natoli R. Serum miRNA modulations indicate changes in retinal morphology. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1130249. [PMID: 36937046 PMCID: PMC10020626 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1130249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss in the developed world and the detection of its onset and progression are based on retinal morphological assessments. MicroRNA (miRNA) have been explored extensively as biomarkers for a range of neurological diseases including AMD, however differences in experimental design and the complexity of human biology have resulted in little overlap between studies. Using preclinical animal models and clinical samples, this study employs a novel approach to determine a serum signature of AMD progression. Methods Serum miRNAs were extracted from mice exposed to photo-oxidative damage (PD; 0, 1, 3 and 5 days), and clinical samples from patients diagnosed with reticular pseudodrusen or atrophic AMD. The expression of ~800 miRNAs was measured using OpenArray™, and differential abundance from controls was determined using the HTqPCR R package followed by pathway analysis with DAVID. MiRNA expression changes were compared against quantifiable retinal histological indicators. Finally, the overlap of miRNA changes observed in the mouse model and human patient samples was investigated. Results Differential miRNA abundance was identified at all PD time-points and in clinical samples. Importantly, these were associated with inflammatory pathways and histological changes in the retina. Further, we were able to align findings in the mouse serum to those of clinical patients. Conclusion In conclusion, serum miRNAs are a valid tool as diagnostics for the early detection of retinal degeneration, as they reflect key changes in retinal health. The combination of pre-clinical animal models and human patient samples led to the identification of a preliminary serum miRNA signature for AMD. This study is an important platform for the future development of a diagnostic serum miRNA panel for the early detection of retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riemke Aggio-Bruce
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
- The School of Medicine and Psychology, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Ulrike Schumann
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
- The Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Adrian V. Cioanca
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Fred K. Chen
- Centre of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Samuel McLenachan
- Centre of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rachael C. Heath Jeffery
- Centre of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shannon Das
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Riccardo Natoli
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
- The School of Medicine and Psychology, Acton, ACT, Australia
- *Correspondence: Riccardo Natoli,
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22
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Rodrigo MJ, Bravo-Osuna I, Subias M, Montolío A, Cegoñino J, Martinez-Rincón T, Mendez-Martinez S, Aragón-Navas A, Garcia-Herranz D, Pablo LE, Herrero-Vanrell R, del Palomar AP, Garcia-Martin E. Tunable degrees of neurodegeneration in rats based on microsphere-induced models of chronic glaucoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20622. [PMID: 36450772 PMCID: PMC9712621 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24954-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compares four different animal models of chronic glaucoma against normal aging over 6 months. Chronic glaucoma was induced in 138 Long-Evans rats and compared against 43 aged-matched healthy rats. Twenty-five rats received episcleral vein sclerosis injections (EPIm cohort) while the rest were injected in the eye anterior chamber with a suspension of biodegradable microspheres: 25 rats received non-loaded microspheres (N-L Ms cohort), 45 rats received microspheres loaded with dexamethasone (MsDexa cohort), and 43 rats received microspheres co-loaded with dexamethasone and fibronectin (MsDexaFibro cohort). Intraocular pressure, neuroretinal function, structure and vitreous interface were evaluated. Each model caused different trends in intraocular pressure, produced specific retinal damage and vitreous signals. The steepest and strongest increase in intraocular pressure was seen in the EPIm cohort and microspheres models were more progressive. The EPIm cohort presented the highest vitreous intensity and percentage loss in the ganglion cell layer, the MsDexa cohort presented the greatest loss in the retinal nerve fiber layer, and the MsDexaFibro cohort presented the greatest loss in total retinal thickness. Function decreased differently among cohorts. Using biodegradable microspheres models it is possible to generate tuned neurodegeneration. These results support the multifactorial nature of glaucoma based on several noxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Rodrigo
- grid.411106.30000 0000 9854 2756Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain ,grid.417198.20000 0000 8497 6529Thematic Research Network in Ophthalmology (Oftared), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain ,grid.11205.370000 0001 2152 8769Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Research Group (GIMSO), Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Irene Bravo-Osuna
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Innovation, Therapy and Pharmaceutical Development in Ophthalmology (InnOftal) Research Group UCM 920415, Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain ,grid.417198.20000 0000 8497 6529Thematic Research Network in Ophthalmology (Oftared), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain ,Health Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Subias
- grid.411106.30000 0000 9854 2756Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain ,grid.11205.370000 0001 2152 8769Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Research Group (GIMSO), Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alberto Montolío
- grid.11205.370000 0001 2152 8769Biomaterials Group, Aragon Engineering Research Institute (I3a), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain ,grid.11205.370000 0001 2152 8769Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Cegoñino
- grid.11205.370000 0001 2152 8769Biomaterials Group, Aragon Engineering Research Institute (I3a), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain ,grid.11205.370000 0001 2152 8769Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Teresa Martinez-Rincón
- grid.411106.30000 0000 9854 2756Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain ,grid.11205.370000 0001 2152 8769Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Research Group (GIMSO), Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Silvia Mendez-Martinez
- grid.411106.30000 0000 9854 2756Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain ,grid.11205.370000 0001 2152 8769Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Research Group (GIMSO), Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alba Aragón-Navas
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Innovation, Therapy and Pharmaceutical Development in Ophthalmology (InnOftal) Research Group UCM 920415, Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain ,grid.417198.20000 0000 8497 6529Thematic Research Network in Ophthalmology (Oftared), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain ,Health Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Garcia-Herranz
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Innovation, Therapy and Pharmaceutical Development in Ophthalmology (InnOftal) Research Group UCM 920415, Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain ,grid.417198.20000 0000 8497 6529Thematic Research Network in Ophthalmology (Oftared), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain ,Health Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Emilio Pablo
- grid.411106.30000 0000 9854 2756Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain ,grid.417198.20000 0000 8497 6529Thematic Research Network in Ophthalmology (Oftared), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain ,grid.11205.370000 0001 2152 8769Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Research Group (GIMSO), Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rocío Herrero-Vanrell
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Innovation, Therapy and Pharmaceutical Development in Ophthalmology (InnOftal) Research Group UCM 920415, Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain ,grid.417198.20000 0000 8497 6529Thematic Research Network in Ophthalmology (Oftared), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain ,Health Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Amaya Pérez del Palomar
- grid.11205.370000 0001 2152 8769Biomaterials Group, Aragon Engineering Research Institute (I3a), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain ,grid.11205.370000 0001 2152 8769Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elena Garcia-Martin
- grid.411106.30000 0000 9854 2756Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain ,grid.417198.20000 0000 8497 6529Thematic Research Network in Ophthalmology (Oftared), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain ,grid.11205.370000 0001 2152 8769Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Research Group (GIMSO), Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain ,C/Padre Arrupe, Servicio de Oftalmología, Edificio de Consultas Externas, Planta 1, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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23
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Therapeutic Potential of d-MAPPS™ for Ocular Inflammatory Diseases and Regeneration of Injured Corneal and Retinal Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113528. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The invasion of microbial pathogens and/or sterile inflammation caused by physical/chemical injuries, increased ocular pressure, oxidative stress, and ischemia could lead to the generation of detrimental immune responses in the eyes, which result in excessive tissue injury and vision loss. The bioavailability of eye drops that are enriched with immunoregulatory and trophic factors which may concurrently suppress intraocular inflammation and promote tissue repair and regeneration is generally low. We recently developed “derived- Multiple Allogeneic Proteins Paracrine Signaling regenerative biologics platform technology d-MAPPS™”, a bioengineered biological product which is enriched with immunomodulatory and trophic factors that can efficiently suppress detrimental immune responses in the eye and promote the repair and regeneration of injured corneal and retinal tissues. The results obtained in preclinical and clinical studies showed that d-MAPPS™ increased the viability of injured corneal cells, inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines in immune cells, alleviated inflammation, and restored vision loss in patients suffering from meibomian gland dysfunction and dry eye disease. Herewith, we emphasized molecular mechanisms responsible for the therapeutic efficacy of d-MAPPS™ and we presented the main beneficial effects of d-MAPPS™ in clinical settings, indicating that the topical administration of d-MAPPS™ could be considered a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of ocular inflammatory diseases and for the repair and regeneration of injured corneal and retinal tissues.
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24
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Quiescent innate and adaptive immune responses maintain the long-term integrity of corneal endothelium reconstituted through allogeneic cell injection therapy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18072. [PMID: 36302875 PMCID: PMC9613641 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22522-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to clarify the immunogenicity in acquired and innate immune responses of cultured human corneal endothelial cells (hCECs) applied for cell injection therapy, a newly established modality for corneal endothelium failures. Thirty-four patients with corneal endothelial failure received injection of allogeneic hCEC suspension into anterior chamber. No sign of immunological rejection was observed in all 34 patients during the 5-8 years postoperative follow-up period. Cell injection therapy was successful in 2 patients treated for endothelial failure after penetrating keratoplasty and one patient with Descemet membrane stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty failure. ELISPOT assays performed in allo-mixed lymphocyte reaction to the alloantigen identical to that on the injected hCECs, elicited sparse IFN-γ-specific spots in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients who received hCEC injection. The therapy generated simple and smooth graft-host junctions without wound stress. The injection of C57BL/6 CECs into the anterior chamber of BALB/c mice, which rejected C57BL/6 corneas 6 weeks ago, induced no sign of inflammatory reactions after the second challenge of alloantigen. Collectively, injection of the hCEC cell suspension in the aqueous humor induces immune tolerance that contributes to the survival of the reconstituted endothelium.
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25
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Bipolar cell targeted optogenetic gene therapy restores parallel retinal signaling and high-level vision in the degenerated retina. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1116. [PMID: 36266533 PMCID: PMC9585040 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Optogenetic gene therapies to restore vision are in clinical trials. Whilst current clinical approaches target the ganglion cells, the output neurons of the retina, new molecular tools enable efficient targeting of the first order retinal interneurons, the bipolar cells, with the potential to restore a higher quality of vision. Here we investigate retinal signaling and behavioral vision in blind mice treated with bipolar cell targeted optogenetic gene therapies. All tested tools, including medium-wave opsin, Opto-mGluR6, and two new melanopsin based chimeras restored visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. The best performing opsin was a melanopsin-mGluR6 chimera, which in some cases restored visual acuities and contrast sensitivities that match wild-type animals. Light responses from the ganglion cells were robust with diverse receptive-field types, inferring elaborate inner retinal signaling. Our results highlight the potential of bipolar cell targeted optogenetics to recover high-level vision in human patients with end-stage retinal degenerations. A chimeric Mela(CTmGluR6) optogenetic tool has the potential to restore vision and signaling in a mouse model of degenerative retinal disease.
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26
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Immunological consequences of compromised ocular immune privilege accelerate retinal degeneration in retinitis pigmentosa. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:378. [PMID: 36253797 PMCID: PMC9575261 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02528-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a hereditary retinal disease which leads to visual impairment. The onset and progression of RP has physiological consequences that affects the ocular environment. Some of the key non-genetic factors which hasten the retinal degeneration in RP include oxidative stress, hypoxia and ocular inflammation. In this study, we investigated the status of the ocular immune privilege during retinal degeneration and the effect of ocular immune changes on the peripheral immune system in RP. We assessed the peripheral blood mononuclear cell stimulation by retinal antigens and their immune response status in RP patients. Subsequently, we examined alterations in ocular immune privilege machineries which may contribute to ocular inflammation and disease progression in rd1 mouse model. Results In RP patients, we observed a suppressed anti-inflammatory response to self-retinal antigens, thereby indicating a deviated response to self-antigens. The ocular milieu in rd1 mouse model indicated a significant decrease in immune suppressive ligands and cytokine TGF-B1, and higher pro-inflammatory ocular protein levels. Further, blood–retinal-barrier breakdown due to decrease in the expression of tight junction proteins was observed. The retinal breach potentiated pro-inflammatory peripheral immune activation against retinal antigens and caused infiltration of the peripheral immune cells into the ocular tissue. Conclusions Our studies with RP patients and rd1 mouse model suggest that immunological consequences in RP is a contributing factor in the progression of retinal degeneration. The ocular inflammation in the RP alters the ocular immune privilege mechanisms and peripheral immune response. These aberrations in turn create an auto-reactive immune environment and accelerate retinal degeneration.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-022-02528-x.
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27
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Chen M, Rong R, Xia X. Spotlight on pyroptosis: role in pathogenesis and therapeutic potential of ocular diseases. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:183. [PMID: 35836195 PMCID: PMC9281180 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02547-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a programmed cell death characterized by swift plasma membrane disruption and subsequent release of cellular contents and pro-inflammatory mediators (cytokines), including IL‐1β and IL‐18. It differs from other types of programmed cell death such as apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and NETosis in terms of its morphology and mechanism. As a recently discovered form of cell death, pyroptosis has been demonstrated to be involved in the progression of multiple diseases. Recent studies have also suggested that pyroptosis is linked to various ocular diseases. In this review, we systematically summarized and discussed recent scientific discoveries of the involvement of pyroptosis in common ocular diseases, including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, AIDS-related human cytomegalovirus retinitis, glaucoma, dry eye disease, keratitis, uveitis, and cataract. We also organized new and emerging evidence suggesting that pyroptosis signaling pathways may be potential therapeutic targets in ocular diseases, hoping to provide a summary of overall intervention strategies and relevant multi-dimensional evaluations for various ocular diseases, as well as offer valuable ideas for further research and development from the perspective of pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meini Chen
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Rong
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Alshaikh RA, Waeber C, Ryan KB. Polymer based sustained drug delivery to the ocular posterior segment: barriers and future opportunities for the treatment of neovascular pathologies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 187:114342. [PMID: 35569559 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing momentum in research and pharmaceutical industry communities to design sustained, non-invasive delivery systems to treat chronic neovascular ocular diseases that affect the posterior segment of the eye including age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. Current treatments include VEGF blockers, which have revolutionized the standard of care for patients, but their maximum therapeutic benefit is hampered by the need for recurrent and invasive administration procedures. Currently approved delivery systems intended to address these limitations exploit polymer technology to regulate drug release in a sustained manner. Here, we critically review sustained drug delivery approaches for the treatment of chronic neovascular diseases affecting the ocular posterior segment, with a special emphasis on novel and polymeric technologies spanning the spectrum of preclinical and clinical investigation, and those approved for treatment. The mechanism by which each formulation imparts sustained release, the impact of formulation characteristics on release and foreign body reaction, and special considerations related to the translation of these systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Waeber
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Katie B Ryan
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; SSPC The SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Ireland.
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29
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Rad LM, Yumashev AV, Hussen BM, Jamad HH, Ghafouri-Fard S, Taheri M, Rostami S, Niazi V, Hajiesmaeili M. Therapeutic Potential of Microvesicles in Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine of Ocular Diseases With an Especial Focus on Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Microvesicles. Front Genet 2022; 13:847679. [PMID: 35422841 PMCID: PMC9001951 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.847679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
These days, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), because of immunomodulatory and pro-angiogenic abilities, are known as inevitable factors in regenerative medicine and cell therapy in different diseases such as ocular disorder. Moreover, researchers have indicated that exosome possess an essential potential in the therapeutic application of ocular disease. MSC-derived exosome (MSC-DE) have been identified as efficient as MSCs for treatment of eye injuries due to their small size and rapid diffusion all over the eye. MSC-DEs easily transfer their ingredients such as miRNAs, proteins, and cytokines to the inner layer in the eye and increase the reconstruction of the injured area. Furthermore, MSC-DEs deliver their immunomodulatory cargos in inflamed sites and inhibit immune cell migration, resulting in improvement of autoimmune uveitis. Interestingly, therapeutic effects were shown only in animal models that received MSC-DE. In this review, we summarized the therapeutic potential of MSCs and MSC-DE in cell therapy and regenerative medicine of ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Moallemi Rad
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Alexey V Yumashev
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq.,Center of Research and Strategic Studies, Lebanese French University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Hazha Hadayat Jamad
- Department of Biology, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Samaneh Rostami
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciecnes, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Vahid Niazi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Hajiesmaeili
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Critical Care Quality Improvement Research Center, Loghman Hakin Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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30
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Zhong H, Sun X. Contribution of Interleukin-17A to Retinal Degenerative Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:847937. [PMID: 35392087 PMCID: PMC8980477 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.847937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal degenerative diseases are a leading cause of vision loss and blindness throughout the world, characterized by chronic and progressive loss of neurons and/or myelin. One of the common features of retinal degenerative diseases and central neurodegenerative diseases is chronic neuroinflammation. Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is the cytokine most closely related to disease in its family. Accumulating evidence suggests that IL-17A plays a key role in human retinal degenerative diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. This review aims to provide an overview of the role of IL-17A participating in the pathogenesis of retinal degenerative diseases, which may open new avenues for potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhong
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
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31
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Bonillo M, Pfromm J, Fischer MD. Challenges to Gene Editing Approaches in the Retina. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2022; 239:275-283. [PMID: 35316854 DOI: 10.1055/a-1757-9810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Retinal gene therapy has recently been at the cutting edge of clinical development in the diverse field of genetic therapies. The retina is an attractive target for genetic therapies such as gene editing due to the distinctive anatomical and immunological features of the eye, known as immune privilege, so that inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) have been studied in several clinical studies. Thus, rapid strides are being made toward developing targeted treatments for IRDs. Gene editing in the retina faces a group of heterogenous challenges, including editing efficiencies, off-target effects, the anatomy of the target organ, immune responses, inactivation, and identifying optimal application methods. As clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease (Cas) based technologies are at the forefront of current gene editing advances, their specific editing efficiency challenges and potential off-target effects were assessed. The immune privilege of the eye reduces the likelihood of systemic immune responses following retinal gene therapy, but possible immune responses must not be discounted. Immune responses to gene editing in the retina may be humoral or cell mediated, with immunologically active cells, including microglia, implicated in facilitating possible immune responses to gene editing. Immunogenicity of gene therapeutics may also lead to the inactivation of edited cells, reducing potential therapeutic benefits. This review outlines the broad spectrum of potential challenges currently facing retinal gene editing, with the goal of facilitating further advances in the safety and efficacy of gene editing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Bonillo
- Clinic of Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Clinic of Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Pfromm
- Clinic of Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Clinic of Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Dominik Fischer
- Clinic of Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Clinic of Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Oxford University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Oxford, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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32
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Chiang MC, Chern E. Current Development, Obstacle and Futural Direction of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment in Degenerative Retinal Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052529. [PMID: 35269671 PMCID: PMC8910526 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Degenerative retinal disease is one of the major causes of vision loss around the world. The past several decades have witnessed emerging development of stem cell treatment for retinal disease. Nevertheless, sourcing stem cells remains controversial due to ethical concerns and their rarity. Furthermore, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are both isolated from patients’ mature tissues; thus, issues such as avoiding moral controversy and adverse events related to immunosuppression and obtaining a large number of cells have opened a new era in regenerative medicine. This review focuses on the current application and development, clinical trials, and latest research of stem cell therapy, as well as its limitations and future directions.
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DeDreu J, Pal-Ghosh S, Mattapallil MJ, Caspi RR, Stepp MA, Menko AS. Uveitis-mediated immune cell invasion through the extracellular matrix of the lens capsule. FASEB J 2021; 36:e21995. [PMID: 34874579 PMCID: PMC9300120 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101098r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
While the eye is considered an immune privileged site, its privilege is abrogated when immune cells are recruited from the surrounding vasculature in response to trauma, infection, aging, and autoimmune diseases like uveitis. Here, we investigate whether in uveitis immune cells become associated with the lens capsule and compromise its privilege in studies of C57BL/6J mice with experimental autoimmune uveitis. These studies show that at D14, the peak of uveitis in these mice, T cells, macrophages, and Ly6G/Ly6C+ immune cells associate with the lens basement membrane capsule, burrow into the capsule matrix, and remain integrated with the capsule as immune resolution is occurring at D26. 3D surface rendering image analytics of confocal z‐stacks and scanning electron microscopy imaging of the lens surface show the degradation of the lens capsule as these lens‐associated immune cells integrate with and invade the lens capsule, with a subset infiltrating both epithelial and fiber cell regions of lens tissue, abrogating its immune privilege. Those immune cells that remain on the surface often become entwined with a fibrillar net‐like structure. Immune cell invasion of the lens capsule in uveitis has not been described previously and may play a role in induction of lens and other eye pathologies associated with autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- JodiRae DeDreu
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sonali Pal-Ghosh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Mary J Mattapallil
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rachel R Caspi
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mary Ann Stepp
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - A Sue Menko
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Rodrigo MJ, Subías M, Montolío A, Méndez-Martínez S, Martínez-Rincón T, Arias L, García-Herranz D, Bravo-Osuna I, Garcia-Feijoo J, Pablo L, Cegoñino J, Herrero-Vanrell R, Carretero A, Ruberte J, Garcia-Martin E, Pérez del Palomar A. Analysis of Parainflammation in Chronic Glaucoma Using Vitreous-OCT Imaging. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121792. [PMID: 34944608 PMCID: PMC8698891 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma causes blindness due to the progressive death of retinal ganglion cells. The immune response chronically and subclinically mediates a homeostatic role. In current clinical practice, it is impossible to analyse neuroinflammation non-invasively. However, analysis of vitreous images using optical coherence tomography detects the immune response as hyperreflective opacities. This study monitors vitreous parainflammation in two animal models of glaucoma, comparing both healthy controls and sexes over six months. Computational analysis characterizes in vivo the hyperreflective opacities, identified histologically as hyalocyte-like Iba-1+ (microglial marker) cells. Glaucomatous eyes showed greater intensity and number of vitreous opacities as well as dynamic fluctuations in the percentage of activated cells (50–250 microns2) vs. non-activated cells (10–50 microns2), isolated cells (10 microns2) and complexes (>250 microns2). Smaller opacities (isolated cells) showed the highest mean intensity (intracellular machinery), were the most rounded at earlier stages (recruitment) and showed the greatest change in orientation (motility). Study of vitreous parainflammation could be a biomarker of glaucoma onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Rodrigo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.S.); (S.M.-M.); (T.M.-R.); (L.A.); (L.P.); (E.G.-M.)
- Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Research Group (GIMSO), Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- National Ocular Pathology Network (OFTARED), Carlos III Health Institute, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-976765558; Fax: +34-976566234
| | - Manuel Subías
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.S.); (S.M.-M.); (T.M.-R.); (L.A.); (L.P.); (E.G.-M.)
- Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Research Group (GIMSO), Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alberto Montolío
- Biomaterials Group, Aragon Engineering Research Institute (I3A), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.M.); (J.C.); (A.P.d.P.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Silvia Méndez-Martínez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.S.); (S.M.-M.); (T.M.-R.); (L.A.); (L.P.); (E.G.-M.)
- Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Research Group (GIMSO), Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Teresa Martínez-Rincón
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.S.); (S.M.-M.); (T.M.-R.); (L.A.); (L.P.); (E.G.-M.)
- Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Research Group (GIMSO), Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lorena Arias
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.S.); (S.M.-M.); (T.M.-R.); (L.A.); (L.P.); (E.G.-M.)
- Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Research Group (GIMSO), Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - David García-Herranz
- Innovation, Therapy and Pharmaceutical Development in Ophthalmology (InnOftal) Research Group, UCM 920415, Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Health Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- University Institute of Industrial Pharmacy (IUFI), School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Irene Bravo-Osuna
- University Institute of Industrial Pharmacy (IUFI), School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Julian Garcia-Feijoo
- Department of Ophthalmology, San Carlos Clinical Hospital, UCM, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Luis Pablo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.S.); (S.M.-M.); (T.M.-R.); (L.A.); (L.P.); (E.G.-M.)
- Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Research Group (GIMSO), Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- National Ocular Pathology Network (OFTARED), Carlos III Health Institute, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José Cegoñino
- Biomaterials Group, Aragon Engineering Research Institute (I3A), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.M.); (J.C.); (A.P.d.P.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rocio Herrero-Vanrell
- National Ocular Pathology Network (OFTARED), Carlos III Health Institute, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- University Institute of Industrial Pharmacy (IUFI), School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ana Carretero
- Centre for Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (A.C.); (J.R.)
- CIBER for Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jesus Ruberte
- Centre for Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (A.C.); (J.R.)
- CIBER for Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Elena Garcia-Martin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.S.); (S.M.-M.); (T.M.-R.); (L.A.); (L.P.); (E.G.-M.)
- Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Research Group (GIMSO), Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- National Ocular Pathology Network (OFTARED), Carlos III Health Institute, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Amaya Pérez del Palomar
- Biomaterials Group, Aragon Engineering Research Institute (I3A), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.M.); (J.C.); (A.P.d.P.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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Kim J, Lee YJ, Won JY. Molecular Mechanisms of Retinal Pigment Epithelium Dysfunction in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212298. [PMID: 34830181 PMCID: PMC8624542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), situated upon Bruch’s membrane, plays multiple roles in the ocular system by interacting with photoreceptors and. Therefore, dysfunction of the RPE causes diseases related to vision loss, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Despite AMD being a global cause of blindness, the pathogenesis remains unclear. Understanding the pathogenesis of AMD is the first step for its prevention and treatment. This review summarizes the common pathways of RPE dysfunction and their effect in AMD. Potential treatment strategies for AMD based on targeting the RPE have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongmin Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea;
| | - Yeo Jin Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 03312, Korea;
- Catholic Institute for Visual Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 14662, Korea
| | - Jae Yon Won
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 03312, Korea;
- Catholic Institute for Visual Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 14662, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Gupta A, Andresen JL, Manan RS, Langer R. Nucleic acid delivery for therapeutic applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113834. [PMID: 34492233 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent medical advances have exploited the ability to address a given disease at the underlying level of transcription and translation. These treatment paradigms utilize nucleic acids - including short interfering RNA (siRNA), microRNA (miRNA), antisense oligonucleotides (ASO), and messenger RNA (mRNA) - to achieve a desired outcome ranging from gene knockdown to induced expression of a selected target protein. Towards this end, numerous strategies for encapsulation or stabilization of various nucleic acid structures have been developed in order to achieve intracellular delivery. In this review, we discuss several therapeutic applications of nucleic acids directed towards specific diseases and tissues of interest, in particular highlighting recent technologies which have reached late-stage clinical trials and received FDA approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Gupta
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jason L Andresen
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Rajith S Manan
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Immune responses to injury and their links to eye disease. Transl Res 2021; 236:52-71. [PMID: 34051364 PMCID: PMC8380715 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The eye is regarded as an immune privileged site. Since the presence of a vasculature would impair vision, the vasculature of the eye is located outside of the central light path. As a result, many regions of the eye evolved mechanisms to deliver immune cells to sites of dysgenesis, injury, or in response to the many age-related pathologies. While the purpose of these immune responses is reparative or protective, cytokines released by immune cells compromise visual acuity by inducing inflammation and fibrosis. The response to traumatic or pathological injury is distinct in different regions of the eye. Age-related diseases impact both the anterior and posterior segment and lead to reduced quality of life and blindness. Here we focus attention on the role that inflammation and fibrosis play in the progression of age-related pathologies of the cornea and the lens as well as in glaucoma, the formation of epiretinal membranes, and in proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
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Key Words
- 2ryERM
- A T-helper cell that expresses high levels of IL-17 which can suppress T-regulatory cell function
- A cytokine expressed early during inflammation that attracts neutrophils
- A cytokine expressed early during inflammation that attracts neutrophils, sometimes referred to as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1))
- A mouse model that lacks functional T and B cells and used to study the immune response
- A pigmented mouse strain used for research and known to mount a primarily Th1 response to infection
- A protein encoded by the ADGRE1 gene that, in mice, is expressed primarily on macrophages
- A strain of pigmented mice used in glaucoma research
- ACAID
- APCs
- ASC
- An albino mouse strain used for research and known to mount a primarily Th2 response to infection
- Antigen Presenting Cells, this class includes dendritic cells and monocytes
- BALB/c
- BM
- C57BL6
- CCL2
- CD45
- CNS
- CXCL1
- Central Nervous System
- Cluster of differentiation 45 antigen
- DAMPs
- DBA/2J
- EBM
- ECM
- EMT
- ERM
- Epithelial Basement Membrane
- F4/80
- FGF2
- HA =hyaluronic acid
- HSK
- HSP
- HSPGs
- HSV
- ICN
- IL-20
- IL6
- ILM
- IOP
- Inner (or internal) limiting membrane
- Interleukin 6
- Interleukin-20
- MAGP1
- MHC-II
- Major histocompatibility complex type II, a class of MHC proteins typically found only on APCs
- Microfibril-associated glycoprotein 1
- N-cad
- N-cadherin
- NEI
- NK
- National Eye Institute
- Natural killer T cells
- PCO
- PDGF
- PDR
- PVD
- PVR
- Platelet derived growth factor
- Posterior capsular opacification
- RGC
- RPE
- RRD
- Rag1-/-
- Retinal ganglion cells
- Retinal pigment epithelial cells
- SMAD
- Sons of Mothers Against Decapentaplegic, SMADs are a class of molecules that mediate TGF and bone morphogenetic protein signaling
- T-helper cell 1 response, proinflammatory adaptive response involving interferon gamma and associated with autoimmunity
- T-helper cell 2 response involving IgE and interleukins 4,5, and 13, also induces the anti-inflammatory interleukin 10 family cytokines
- T-regulatory cell
- TG
- TGF1
- TM
- TNF
- Th1
- Th17
- Th2
- Transforming growth factor 1
- Treg
- Tumor necrosis factor a cytokine produced during inflammation
- VEGF
- Vascular endothelial growth factor
- WHO
- World Health Organization
- anterior chamber immune deviation
- anterior subcapsular cataracts
- basement membrane
- damage-associated molecular patterns
- epiretinal membrane
- epiretinal membrane secondary to disease pathology
- epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- extracellular matrix
- fibroblast growth factor 2, also referred to as basic FGF
- heat shock protein
- heparan sulfate proteoglycans
- herpes simplex virus
- herpes stromal keratitis
- iERM
- idiopathic epiretinal membrane
- intraepithelial corneal nerves
- intraocular pressure
- mTOR
- mechanistic target of rapamycin, a protein kinase encoded by the MTOR genes that regulates a variety of signal transduction events including cell growth, autophagy and actin cytoskeleton
- posterior vitreous detachment
- proliferative diabetic retinopathy
- proliferative vitreoretinopathy
- rhegmatogenous (rupture, tear) retinal detachment
- trabecular meshwork
- trigeminal ganglion
- αSMA
- α−Smooth muscle actin, a class of actin expressed in mesenchymal cells
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Shu X, Hu Y, Huang C, Wei N. Nimbolide ameliorates the streptozotocin-induced diabetic retinopathy in rats through the inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:4255-4262. [PMID: 34354407 PMCID: PMC8324995 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common problem in the diabetic patients due to the high blood glucose level. DR affects more number of diabetic patients worldwide with irreversible vision loss. OBJECTIVE The current investigation was focused to reveal the therapeutic actions of nimbolide against the streptozotocin (STZ)-provoked DR in rats through inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB pathway. METHODOLOGY DR was provoked to the rats through administering a single dose of STZ (60 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. The DR rats were then supplemented with the 50 mg/kg of nimbolide for 60 days. The bodyweight and blood glucose level was measured using standard methods. The lipid profiles (cholesterol, TG, LDL, and HDL), inflammatory markers, and antioxidants level was detected using respective kits. The level of MCP-1, VEGF, and MMP-9 was quantified using kits. The morphometric analysis of retinal tissues were done. The mRNA expressions of target genes were studied using RT-PCR assay. RESULTS Nimbolide treatment effective decreased the food intake and blood glucose, and improved the bodyweight of STZ-provoked animals. The levels of pro-inflammatory mediators, cholesterol, TG, LDL, and HDL, MCP-1, VEGF, and MMP-9 was remarkably suppressed by the nimbolide treatment. Nimbolide also improved the antioxidants, retinal thickness and cell numbers. The TLR4/NF-κB pathway was appreciably inhibited by the nimbolide. CONCLUSION Overall, our findings demonstrated that the nimbolide attenuated the STZ-provoked DR in rats through inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwen Shu
- Second Department of Ophthalmology, Second People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan 250001, China
| | - Yali Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Binzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Binzhou 256600, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People’s Hospital of Jinan, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Ning Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People’s Hospital of Jinan, Jinan 250000, China
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Adak S, Magdalene D, Deshmukh S, Das D, Jaganathan BG. A Review on Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treatment of Retinal Diseases. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1154-1173. [PMID: 33410097 PMCID: PMC7787584 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10090-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) have been studied extensively for the treatment of several retinal diseases. The therapeutic potential of MSCs lies in its ability to differentiate into multiple lineages and secretome enriched with immunomodulatory, anti-angiogenic and neurotrophic factors. Several studies have reported the role of MSCs in repair and regeneration of the damaged retina where the secreted factors from MSCs prevent retinal degeneration, improve retinal morphology and function. MSCs also donate mitochondria to rescue the function of retinal cells and exosomes secreted by MSCs were found to have anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects. Based on several promising results obtained from the preclinical studies, several clinical trials were initiated to explore the potential advantages of MSCs for the treatment of retinal diseases. This review summarizes the various properties of MSCs that help to repair and restore the damaged retinal cells and its potential for the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjucta Adak
- Stem Cells and Cancer Biology Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Damaris Magdalene
- Department of Strabismus, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Saurabh Deshmukh
- Department of Strabismus, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Dipankar Das
- Department of Pathology, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Bithiah Grace Jaganathan
- Stem Cells and Cancer Biology Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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Chan YK, Dick AD, Hall SM, Langmann T, Scribner CL, Mansfield BC. Inflammation in Viral Vector-Mediated Ocular Gene Therapy: A Review and Report From a Workshop Hosted by the Foundation Fighting Blindness, 9/2020. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:3. [PMID: 34003982 PMCID: PMC8024774 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.4.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
On September 14–15, 2020, the Foundation Fighting Blindness convened a virtual workshop to discuss intraocular inflammation during viral vector-mediated gene therapy for inherited retinal diseases. The workshop's goals were to understand immune activation's nature and significance during ocular gene therapy, consider whether ocular inflammation limits gene therapy's potential, and identify knowledge gaps for future research. The event brought together a small group of experienced researchers in the field to present and discuss current data. Collectively, participants agreed that clinical, as well as subclinical, inflammation during ocular gene therapy is common. The severity of inflammation in both animal and clinical studies varied widely but is generally related to vector dose. Severe inflammation was associated with reduced gene therapy efficacy. However, the relationship between outcomes and subclinical inflammation, pre-existing antivector antibodies, or induced adaptive immune responses is still unclear. Uncertainties about the contribution of vector manufacturing issues to inflammation were also noted. Importantly, various immunosuppressive treatment protocols are being used, and this heterogeneity confounds conclusions about optimal strategies. Proposed near-term next steps include establishing an immunological consultant directory, establishing a data repository for pertinent animal and clinical data, and developing a larger meeting. Priority areas for future research include deeper understanding of immune activation during retinal diseases and during ocular gene therapy; better, harmonized application of animal models; and identifying best practices for managing gene therapy vector-related ocular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew D Dick
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.,University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Xu B, Zhou L, Chen Q, Zhang J, Huang L, Wang S, Ye Z, Ren X, Cai Y, Jensen LD, Chen W, Li X, Ju R. Role of VEGFR2 in Mediating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Under Glucose Deprivation and Determining Cell Death, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammatory Factor Expression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:631413. [PMID: 34222224 PMCID: PMC8249873 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.631413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), a postmitotic monolayer located between the neuroretina and choroid, supports the retina and is closely associated with vision loss diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) upon dysfunction. Although environmental stresses are known to play critical roles in AMD pathogenesis and the roles of other stresses have been well investigated, glucose deprivation, which can arise from choriocapillary flow voids, has yet to be fully explored. In this study, we examined the involvement of VEGFR2 in glucose deprivation-mediated cell death and the underlying mechanisms. We found that VEGFR2 levels are a determinant for RPE cell death, a critical factor for dry AMD, under glucose deprivation. RNA sequencing analysis showed that upon VEGFR2 knockdown under glucose starvation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) are reduced. Consistently, VEGFR2 overexpression increased ER stress under the same condition. Although VEGFR2 was less expressed compared to EGFR1 and c-Met in RPE cells, it could elicit a higher level of ER stress induced by glucose starvation. Finally, downregulated VEGFR2 attenuated the oxidative stress and inflammatory factor expression, two downstream targets of ER stress. Our study, for the first time, has demonstrated a novel role of VEGFR2 in RPE cells under glucose deprivation, thus providing valuable insights into the mechanisms of AMD pathogenesis and suggesting that VEGFR2 might be a potential therapeutic target for AMD prevention, which may impede its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linbin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qishan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangrong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Cai
- Chengdu Aier Eye Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Lasse Dahl Jensen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Weirong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuri Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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42
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Walker JL, Menko AS. Immune cells in lens injury repair and fibrosis. Exp Eye Res 2021; 209:108664. [PMID: 34126081 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells, both tissue resident immune cells and those immune cells recruited in response to wounding or degenerative conditions, are essential to both the maintenance and restoration of homeostasis in most tissues. These cells are typically provided to tissues by their closely associated vasculatures. However, the lens, like many of the tissues in the eye, are considered immune privileged sites because they have no associated vasculature. Such absence of immune cells was thought to protect the lens from inflammatory responses that would bring with them the danger of causing vision impairing opacities. However, it has now been shown, as occurs in other immune privileged sites in the eye, that novel pathways exist by which immune cells come to associate with the lens to protect it, maintain its homeostasis, and function in its regenerative repair. Here we review the discoveries that have revealed there are both innate and adaptive immune system responses to lens, and that, like most other tissues, the lens harbors a population of resident immune cells, which are the sentinels of danger or injury to a tissue. While resident and recruited immune cells are essential elements of lens homeostasis and repair, they also become the agents of disease, particularly as progenitors of pro-fibrogenic myofibroblasts. There still remains much to learn about the function of lens-associated immune cells in protection, repair and disease, the knowledge of which will provide new tools for maintaining the core functions of the lens in the visual system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice L Walker
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - A Sue Menko
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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43
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Chau CYC, Chow LLW, Sridhar S, Shih KC. Ophthalmological Considerations for COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients with Inflammatory Eye Diseases and Autoimmune Disorders. Ophthalmol Ther 2021; 10:201-209. [PMID: 33675508 PMCID: PMC7936587 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-021-00338-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The global impact imposed by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may be soon alleviated by the introduction and worldwide dissemination of safe and effective vaccines. This expedited timetable for development and approval of COVID-19 vaccines is an unprecedented extraordinary, concerted achievement by the scientific community. With the pending global rollout of vaccines, each with different mechanisms of action, physicians of various specialties will need to identify vulnerable patient groups for special considerations or advice. In this commentary, we analyse the important considerations for COVID-19 vaccines in patients with inflammatory eye diseases. Scrutiny of immunogenicity and adverse effects, particularly antibody-dependent enhancement, would better help in counselling these patients undergoing vaccination. More research on pharmacovigilance would allow for tailored guidelines and personalised management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene Y C Chau
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Loraine L W Chow
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Siddharth Sridhar
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Kendrick C Shih
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR.
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44
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Rolando M, Barabino S. The Subtle Role of Para-inflammation in Modulating the Progression of Dry Eye Disease. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2021; 29:811-816. [PMID: 34003707 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2021.1906908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In patients with DED, the continuous stimuli induced by excessive or persistent cold fiber sensors and overstimulation of nociceptors, as well as tear hyperosmolarity induced by evaporative stress, induce a transitory protective adaptation response called para-inflammation to restore ocular surface homeostasis. This mild subclinical inflammatory status (a type of hormetic response) can become chronic if the stimuli or tissue malfunction is present for a sustained period, causing persistent symptoms and damage to ocular surface epithelia.We review the mechanisms that characterize the transition from para-inflammation to a persistent inflammatory status of the ocular surface, including accumulation of biological waste and damaged/dysfunctional proteins, which, in normal conditions, are eliminated by autophagy, activation of the inflammasomes, and what is currently known about their role in DED pathogenesis. Furthermore, we analyze current treatments that can modulate the inflammatory response of the ocular surface and speculate about new possible therapies to treat para-inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefano Barabino
- Ocular Surface and Dry Eye Center, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Sacco Hospital - University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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45
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Blood-retinal barrier as a converging pivot in understanding the initiation and development of retinal diseases. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 133:2586-2594. [PMID: 32852382 PMCID: PMC7722606 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical ophthalmologists consider each retinal disease as a completely unique entity. However, various retinal diseases, such as uveitis, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and primary open-angle glaucoma, share a number of common pathogenetic pathways. Whether a retinal disease initiates from direct injury to the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) or a defect/injury to retinal neurons or glia that impairs the BRB secondarily, the BRB is a pivotal point in determining the prognosis as self-limiting and recovering, or developing and progressing to a clinical phenotype. The present review summarizes our current knowledge on the physiology and cellular and molecular pathology of the BRB, which underlies its pivotal role in the initiation and development of common retinal diseases.
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46
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Thomas CN, Sim DA, Lee WH, Alfahad N, Dick AD, Denniston AK, Hill LJ. Emerging therapies and their delivery for treating age-related macular degeneration. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:1908-1937. [PMID: 33769566 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of blindness in the Western world and is characterised in its latter stages by retinal cell death and neovascularisation and earlier stages with the loss of parainflammatory homeostasis. Patients with neovascular AMD (nAMD) are treated with frequent intraocular injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies, which are not only unpopular with patients but carry risks of sight-threatening complications. A minority of patients are unresponsive with no alternative treatment available, and some patients who respond initially eventually develop a tolerance to treatment. New therapeutics with improved delivery methods and sustainability of clinical effects are required, in particular for non-neovascular AMD (90% of cases and no current approved treatments). There are age-related and disease-related changes that occur which can affect ocular drug delivery. Here, we review the latest emerging therapies for AMD, their delivery routes and implications for translating to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe N Thomas
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Dawn A Sim
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Wen Hwa Lee
- Action Against AMD, London, UK.,Affordable Medicines Programme, Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nada Alfahad
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew D Dick
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.,Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Bristol Medical School and School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alastair K Denniston
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.,Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Patient Reported Outcome Research, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Birmingham Health Partners Centre for Regulatory Science and Innovation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Health Data Research UK, London, UK
| | - Lisa J Hill
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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47
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Deng Y, Ge X, Li Y, Zou B, Wen X, Chen W, Lu L, Zhang M, Zhang X, Li C, Zhao C, Lin X, Zhang X, Huang X, Li X, Jin M, Peng GH, Wang D, Wang X, Lai W, Liang J, Li JJ, Liang Q, Yang L, Zhang Q, Li Y, Lu P, Hu X, Li X, Deng X, Liu Y, Zou Y, Guo S, Chen T, Qin Y, Yang F, Miao L, Chen W, Chan CC, Lin H, Liu Y, Lee RWJ, Wei L. Identification of an intraocular microbiota. Cell Discov 2021; 7:13. [PMID: 33750767 PMCID: PMC7943566 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-021-00245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The current dogma in ophthalmology and vision research presumes the intraocular environment to be sterile. However, recent evidence of intestinal bacterial translocation into the bloodstream and many other internal organs including the eyes, found in healthy and diseased animal models, suggests that the intraocular cavity may also be inhabited by a microbial community. Here, we tested intraocular samples from over 1000 human eyes. Using quantitative PCR, negative staining transmission electron microscopy, direct culture, and high-throughput sequencing technologies, we demonstrated the presence of intraocular bacteria. The possibility that the microbiome from these low-biomass communities could be a contamination from other tissues and reagents was carefully evaluated and excluded. We also provide preliminary evidence that a disease-specific microbial signature characterized the intraocular environment of patients with age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma, suggesting that either spontaneous or pathogenic bacterial translocation may be associated with these common sight-threatening conditions. Furthermore, we revealed the presence of an intraocular microbiome in normal eyes from non-human mammals and demonstrated that this varied across species (rat, rabbit, pig, and macaque) and was established after birth. These findings represent the first-ever evidence of intraocular microbiota in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Xiaofei Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Bin Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Weirong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Lin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Meifen Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute & School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Chan Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Xiulan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Xinhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute & School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Ming Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Guang-Hua Peng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, He'nan, 450001, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Dongni Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Xun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Weiyi Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Juanran Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Jing Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Qiaoxing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Qinfen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China
| | - Yinyin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China
| | - Ping Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Xifang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Xiuli Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Yanli Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Shixin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Yali Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Fuhua Yang
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute & School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Li Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Chi-Chao Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Haotian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Yizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.
| | - Richard W J Lee
- Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.
| | - Lai Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.
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48
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Yu H, Zhong H, Li N, Chen K, Chen J, Sun J, Xu L, Wang J, Zhang M, Liu X, Deng L, Huang P, Huang S, Shen X, Zhong Y. Osteopontin activates retinal microglia causing retinal ganglion cells loss via p38 MAPK signaling pathway in glaucoma. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21405. [PMID: 33559950 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002218r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microglia activation and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines have been closely linked to glaucoma. However, the mechanisms that initiate these pathways remain unclear. Here, we investigated the role of a pro-inflammatory cytokine--osteopontin (OPN), in retinal microglia activation process along with the underlying mechanisms in glaucoma. A rat chronic ocular hypertension (COH) model was established presenting an increase in retinal OPN level and activation of microglia. Primary microglia cells were isolated and cultured under a pressure culture system showing heightened expressions of microglia-derived OPN with changes in inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6). OPN and OPN neutralizing antibody (Anti-OPN) interventions were both applied systems for comparison, and cross-referenced with OPN knockdown in vitro. JAK/STAT, NF-κB, ERK1/2, and p38 MAPK, recognized as the primary signaling pathways related to microglia activation, were then screened on whether they can facilitate OPN to act on microglia and their impact on specific inhibitors. Thereafter, retrograde labeling of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and flash visual evoked potentials (F-VEP) were used to investigate neuron protection in context of each blockade. Results suggest that OPN is able to enhance the proliferation and activation of retinal microglia in experimental glaucoma which may play a role in the glaucomatous optic neuropathy, and contribute to the eventual RGCs loss and vision function impairment. Such effect may be mediated through the regulation of p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huimin Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaizhe Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjue Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Xu
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingui Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianfu Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shouyue Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yisheng Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhoushan Branch of Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Zhoushan, China
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Simon MV, Basu SK, Qaladize B, Grambergs R, Rotstein NP, Mandal N. Sphingolipids as critical players in retinal physiology and pathology. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100037. [PMID: 32948663 PMCID: PMC7933806 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.tr120000972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids have emerged as bioactive lipids involved in the regulation of many physiological and pathological processes. In the retina, they have been established to participate in numerous processes, such as neuronal survival and death, proliferation and migration of neuronal and vascular cells, inflammation, and neovascularization. Dysregulation of sphingolipids is therefore crucial in the onset and progression of retinal diseases. This review examines the involvement of sphingolipids in retinal physiology and diseases. Ceramide (Cer) has emerged as a common mediator of inflammation and death of neuronal and retinal pigment epithelium cells in animal models of retinopathies such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and retinitis pigmentosa. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) has opposite roles, preventing photoreceptor and ganglion cell degeneration but also promoting inflammation, fibrosis, and neovascularization in AMD, glaucoma, and pro-fibrotic disorders. Alterations in Cer, S1P, and ceramide 1-phosphate may also contribute to uveitis. Notably, use of inhibitors that either prevent Cer increase or modulate S1P signaling, such as Myriocin, desipramine, and Fingolimod (FTY720), preserves neuronal viability and retinal function. These findings underscore the relevance of alterations in the sphingolipid metabolic network in the etiology of multiple retinopathies and highlight the potential of modulating their metabolism for the design of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Victoria Simon
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Departamento De Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Argentine National Research Council (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Sandip K Basu
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Bano Qaladize
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Richard Grambergs
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Nora P Rotstein
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Departamento De Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Argentine National Research Council (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| | - Nawajes Mandal
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
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Nezu N, Usui Y, Saito A, Shimizu H, Asakage M, Yamakawa N, Tsubota K, Wakabayashi Y, Narimatsu A, Umazume K, Maruyama K, Sugimoto M, Kuroda M, Goto H. Machine Learning Approach for Intraocular Disease Prediction Based on Aqueous Humor Immune Mediator Profiles. Ophthalmology 2021; 128:1197-1208. [PMID: 33484732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2021.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Various immune mediators have crucial roles in the pathogenesis of intraocular diseases. Machine learning can be used to automatically select and weigh various predictors to develop models maximizing predictive power. However, these techniques have not yet been applied extensively in studies focused on intraocular diseases. We evaluated whether 5 machine learning algorithms applied to the data of immune-mediator levels in aqueous humor can predict the actual diagnoses of 17 selected intraocular diseases and identified which immune mediators drive the predictive power of a machine learning model. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS Five hundred twelve eyes with diagnoses from among 17 intraocular diseases. METHODS Aqueous humor samples were collected, and the concentrations of 28 immune mediators were determined using a cytometric bead array. Each immune mediator was ranked according to its importance using 5 machine learning algorithms. Stratified k-fold cross-validation was used in evaluation of algorithms with the dataset divided into training and test datasets. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The algorithms were evaluated in terms of precision, recall, accuracy, F-score, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, area under the precision-recall curve, and mean decrease in Gini index. RESULTS Among the 5 machine learning models, random forest (RF) yielded the highest classification accuracy in multiclass differentiation of 17 intraocular diseases. The RF prediction models for vitreoretinal lymphoma, acute retinal necrosis, endophthalmitis, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, and primary open-angle glaucoma achieved the highest classification accuracy, precision, and recall. Random forest recognized vitreoretinal lymphoma, acute retinal necrosis, endophthalmitis, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, and primary open-angle glaucoma with the top 5 F-scores. The 3 highest-ranking relevant immune mediators were interleukin (IL)-10, interferon-γ-inducible protein (IP)-10, and angiogenin for prediction of vitreoretinal lymphoma; monokine induced by interferon γ, interferon γ, and IP-10 for acute retinal necrosis; and IL-6, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and IL-8 for endophthalmitis. CONCLUSIONS Random forest algorithms based on 28 immune mediators in aqueous humor successfully predicted the diagnosis of vitreoretinal lymphoma, acute retinal necrosis, and endophthalmitis. Overall, the findings of the present study contribute to increased knowledge on new biomarkers that potentially can facilitate diagnosis of intraocular diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Nezu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Usui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Akira Saito
- Department of AI Applied Quantitative Clinical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shimizu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Asakage
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Yamakawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kinya Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Akitomo Narimatsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Umazume
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Maruyama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sugimoto
- Research and Development Center for Minimally Invasive Therapies, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kuroda
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Goto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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