1
|
Li W, Zhao X, Ren C, Gao S, Han Q, Lu M, Li X. The therapeutic role of γδT cells in TNBC. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1420107. [PMID: 38933280 PMCID: PMC11199784 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1420107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer that presents significant therapeutic challenges due to the absence of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression. As a result, conventional hormonal and targeted therapies are largely ineffective, underscoring the urgent need for novel treatment strategies. γδT cells, known for their robust anti-tumor properties, show considerable potential in TNBC treatment as they can identify and eliminate tumor cells without reliance on MHC restrictions. These cells demonstrate extensive proliferation both in vitro and in vivo, and can directly target tumors through cytotoxic effects or indirectly by promoting other immune responses. Studies suggest that expansion and adoptive transfer strategies targeting Vδ2 and Vδ1 γδT cell subtypes have shown promise in preclinical TNBC models. This review compiles and discusses the existing literature on the primary subgroups of γδT cells, their roles in cancer therapy, their contributions to tumor cell cytotoxicity and immune modulation, and proposes potential strategies for future γδT cell-based immunotherapies in TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- Department of Breast Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Xian Zhao
- Department of Breast Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanxin Ren
- Department of The First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shang Gao
- Department of Breast Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Qinyu Han
- Department of Breast Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Min Lu
- Department of Breast Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangqi Li
- Department of Breast Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Peng S, Lin A, Jiang A, Zhang C, Zhang J, Cheng Q, Luo P, Bai Y. CTLs heterogeneity and plasticity: implications for cancer immunotherapy. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:58. [PMID: 38515134 PMCID: PMC10956324 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play critical antitumor roles, encompassing diverse subsets including CD4+, NK, and γδ T cells beyond conventional CD8+ CTLs. However, definitive CTLs biomarkers remain elusive, as cytotoxicity-molecule expression does not necessarily confer cytotoxic capacity. CTLs differentiation involves transcriptional regulation by factors such as T-bet and Blimp-1, although epigenetic regulation of CTLs is less clear. CTLs promote tumor killing through cytotoxic granules and death receptor pathways, but may also stimulate tumorigenesis in some contexts. Given that CTLs cytotoxicity varies across tumors, enhancing this function is critical. This review summarizes current knowledge on CTLs subsets, biomarkers, differentiation mechanisms, cancer-related functions, and strategies for improving cytotoxicity. Key outstanding questions include refining the CTLs definition, characterizing subtype diversity, elucidating differentiation and senescence pathways, delineating CTL-microbe relationships, and enabling multi-omics profiling. A more comprehensive understanding of CTLs biology will facilitate optimization of their immunotherapy applications. Overall, this review synthesizes the heterogeneity, regulation, functional roles, and enhancement strategies of CTLs in antitumor immunity, highlighting gaps in our knowledge of subtype diversity, definitive biomarkers, epigenetic control, microbial interactions, and multi-omics characterization. Addressing these questions will refine our understanding of CTLs immunology to better leverage cytotoxic functions against cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengkun Peng
- Department of Radiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Anqi Lin
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Aimin Jiang
- Department of Urology, Changhai hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Cangang Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South University, Hunan, China.
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yifeng Bai
- Department of Oncology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hovav AH, Wilensky A. The role of the epithelial sentinels, Langerhans cells and γδT cells, in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Periodontol 2000 2024. [PMID: 38273461 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) arises in the oral epithelium, a tissue in which immune surveillance is mediated by its primary resident leukocytes, Langerhans cells (LCs), and γδT cells. Under steady-state conditions, LCs and γδT cells play a critical role in maintaining oral mucosal homeostasis. As antigen-presenting cells of stratified epithelia, LCs respond to various challenges faced by the epithelium, orchestrating innate, and adaptive immune responses in order to resolve them. γδT cells also sense diverse epithelial insults and react rapidly through cytokine production and cytolytic activity. These epithelial sentinels are also considered to be the first leukocytes in the oral epithelium to encounter early carcinogenic events that have the potential of becoming OSCC. As evident in many malignancies, leukocyte populations help prevent cancer development although they also promote tumor progression. OSCC is no exception, as studies have reported both anti- and pro-tumor roles of LCs and γδT cells. In this review, we summarize the ontogeny of LCs and γδT cells in the oral epithelium and discuss their role in OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avi-Hai Hovav
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Asaf Wilensky
- Department of Periodontology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yan W, Dunmall LSC, Lemoine NR, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang P. The capability of heterogeneous γδ T cells in cancer treatment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1285801. [PMID: 38077392 PMCID: PMC10704246 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1285801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells, a specialized subset of T lymphocytes, have garnered significant attention within the realm of cancer immunotherapy. Operating at the nexus between adaptive and innate immunological paradigms, these cells showcase a profound tumor discernment repertoire, hinting at novel immunotherapeutic strategies. Significantly, these cells possess the capability to directly identify and eliminate tumor cells without reliance on HLA-antigen presentation. Furthermore, γδ T cells have the faculty to present tumor antigens to αβ T cells, amplifying their anti-tumoral efficacy.Within the diverse and heterogeneous subpopulations of γδ T cells, distinct immune functionalities emerge, manifesting either anti-tumor or pro-tumor roles within the tumor microenvironment. Grasping and strategically harnessing these heterogeneous γδ T cell cohorts is pivotal to their integration in tumor-specific immunotherapeutic modalities. The aim of this review is to describe the heterogeneity of the γδ T cell lineage and the functional plasticity it generates in the treatment of malignant tumors. This review endeavors to elucidate the intricate heterogeneity inherent to the γδ T cell lineage, the consequential functional dynamics in combating malignancies, the latest advancements from clinical trials, and the evolving landscape of γδ T cell-based oncological interventions, while addressing the challenges impeding the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Yan
- Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Louisa S. Chard Dunmall
- Centre for Biomarkers & Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas R. Lemoine
- Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Centre for Biomarkers & Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yaohe Wang
- Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Centre for Biomarkers & Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yafeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pengju Wang
- Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hu Y, Hu Q, Li Y, Lu L, Xiang Z, Yin Z, Kabelitz D, Wu Y. γδ T cells: origin and fate, subsets, diseases and immunotherapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:434. [PMID: 37989744 PMCID: PMC10663641 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01653-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The intricacy of diseases, shaped by intrinsic processes like immune system exhaustion and hyperactivation, highlights the potential of immune renormalization as a promising strategy in disease treatment. In recent years, our primary focus has centered on γδ T cell-based immunotherapy, particularly pioneering the use of allogeneic Vδ2+ γδ T cells for treating late-stage solid tumors and tuberculosis patients. However, we recognize untapped potential and optimization opportunities to fully harness γδ T cell effector functions in immunotherapy. This review aims to thoroughly examine γδ T cell immunology and its role in diseases. Initially, we elucidate functional differences between γδ T cells and their αβ T cell counterparts. We also provide an overview of major milestones in γδ T cell research since their discovery in 1984. Furthermore, we delve into the intricate biological processes governing their origin, development, fate decisions, and T cell receptor (TCR) rearrangement within the thymus. By examining the mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor functions of distinct γδ T cell subtypes based on γδTCR structure or cytokine release, we emphasize the importance of accurate subtyping in understanding γδ T cell function. We also explore the microenvironment-dependent functions of γδ T cell subsets, particularly in infectious diseases, autoimmune conditions, hematological malignancies, and solid tumors. Finally, we propose future strategies for utilizing allogeneic γδ T cells in tumor immunotherapy. Through this comprehensive review, we aim to provide readers with a holistic understanding of the molecular fundamentals and translational research frontiers of γδ T cells, ultimately contributing to further advancements in harnessing the therapeutic potential of γδ T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Qinglin Hu
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China
| | - Zheng Xiang
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Zhinan Yin
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.
| | - Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Yangzhe Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kelm M, Darzentas F, Darzentas N, Kotrova M, Wessels W, Bendig S, Baldus CD, Lettau M, Gökbuget N, Kabelitz D, Brüggemann M, Chitadze G. Dominant T-cell Receptor Delta Rearrangements in B-cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Leukemic Markers or Physiological γδ T Repertoire? Hemasphere 2023; 7:e948. [PMID: 37670805 PMCID: PMC10476800 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Kelm
- Medical Department II, Hematology and Oncology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
- University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel and Lübeck, Germany
| | - Franziska Darzentas
- Medical Department II, Hematology and Oncology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
- University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel and Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nikos Darzentas
- Medical Department II, Hematology and Oncology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
- University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel and Lübeck, Germany
| | - Michaela Kotrova
- Medical Department II, Hematology and Oncology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
- University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel and Lübeck, Germany
| | - Wiebke Wessels
- Medical Department II, Hematology and Oncology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
- University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel and Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sonja Bendig
- Medical Department II, Hematology and Oncology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
- University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel and Lübeck, Germany
| | - Claudia D. Baldus
- Medical Department II, Hematology and Oncology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
- University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel and Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marcus Lettau
- Medical Department II, Hematology and Oncology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Nicola Gökbuget
- Department of Medicine II, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Monika Brüggemann
- Medical Department II, Hematology and Oncology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
- University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel and Lübeck, Germany
| | - Guranda Chitadze
- Medical Department II, Hematology and Oncology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
- University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel and Lübeck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fernández-Aguilar LM, Vico-Barranco I, Arbulo-Echevarria MM, Aguado E. A Story of Kinases and Adaptors: The Role of Lck, ZAP-70 and LAT in Switch Panel Governing T-Cell Development and Activation. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1163. [PMID: 37759563 PMCID: PMC10525366 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Specific antigen recognition is one of the immune system's features that allows it to mount intense yet controlled responses to an infinity of potential threats. T cells play a relevant role in the host defense and the clearance of pathogens by means of the specific recognition of peptide antigens presented by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and, to do so, they are equipped with a clonally distributed antigen receptor called the T-cell receptor (TCR). Upon the specific engagement of the TCR, multiple intracellular signals are triggered, which lead to the activation, proliferation and differentiation of T lymphocytes into effector cells. In addition, this signaling cascade also operates during T-cell development, allowing for the generation of cells that can be helpful in the defense against threats, as well as preventing the generation of autoreactive cells. Early TCR signals include phosphorylation events in which the tyrosine kinases Lck and ZAP70 are involved. The sequential activation of these kinases leads to the phosphorylation of the transmembrane adaptor LAT, which constitutes a signaling hub for the generation of a signalosome, finally resulting in T-cell activation. These early signals play a relevant role in triggering the development, activation, proliferation and apoptosis of T cells, and the negative regulation of these signals is key to avoid aberrant processes that could generate inappropriate cellular responses and disease. In this review, we will examine and discuss the roles of the tyrosine kinases Lck and ZAP70 and the membrane adaptor LAT in these cellular processes.
Collapse
Grants
- PY20_01297 Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades, Junta de Andalucía, Spain
- PID2020-113943RB-I00 Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain
- PR2022-037 University of Cádiz
- PAIDI2020/DOC_01433 Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades, Junta de Andalucía, Spain
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis M. Fernández-Aguilar
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain; (L.M.F.-A.); (I.V.-B.); (M.M.A.-E.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health (Immunology), University of Cadiz, 11002 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Vico-Barranco
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain; (L.M.F.-A.); (I.V.-B.); (M.M.A.-E.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health (Immunology), University of Cadiz, 11002 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Mikel M. Arbulo-Echevarria
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain; (L.M.F.-A.); (I.V.-B.); (M.M.A.-E.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health (Immunology), University of Cadiz, 11002 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Enrique Aguado
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain; (L.M.F.-A.); (I.V.-B.); (M.M.A.-E.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health (Immunology), University of Cadiz, 11002 Cadiz, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang C, Liu X, Xiao J, Jiang F, Fa L, Jiang H, Zhou L, Su W, Xu Z. γδ T cells in autoimmune uveitis pathogenesis: A promising therapeutic target. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 213:115629. [PMID: 37257721 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune uveitis is a non-infectious, inflammatory intraocular disease that affects the uveal and adjacent tissues. It frequently causes varying degrees of visual loss. Evidence for the strong association between activated γδ T cells and the development of autoimmune uveitis is growing. The innate and adaptive immune response are connected in the early phases by the γδ T cells that contain the γ and δ chains. γδ T cells can identify antigens in a manner that is not constrained by the MHC. When activated by various pathways, γδ T cells can not only secrete pro-inflammatory factors early on (such as IL-17), but they can also promote Th17 cells responses, which ultimately exacerbates autoimmune uveitis. Therefore, we review the mechanisms by which γδ T cells affect autoimmune uveitis in different activation and disease states. Moreover, we also prospect for immunotherapies targeting different γδ T cell-related action pathways, providing a reference for exploring new drug for the treatment of autoimmune uveitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiuxing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Fanwen Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Luzhong Fa
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Wenru Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Zhuping Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lu J, Huang C, He R, Xie R, Li Y, Guo X, Zhang Q, Xu Q. CD4 -/CD8 - double-negative tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes expanded from solid tumor tissue suppress the proliferation of tumor cells in an MHC-independent way. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023:10.1007/s00432-023-04823-x. [PMID: 37165118 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04823-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have shown remarkable clinical responses in some patients with advanced solid tumors. As a rare subset of TILs, CD4-/CD8- double-negative T cells (DNTs) were poorly known. This study aims to investigate the characteristics and function of CD3+CD4-CD8- TILs (double-negative TIL, DN-TILs) derived from solid tumor. METHODS DN-TILs were derived and expanded ex vivo from resected gastric carcinoma tissue and phenotyped by flow cytometry. The cytotoxicity of DN-TILs was determined against established tumor cell lines in vitro or through in vivo adoptive transfer into xenograft models. K562 cells were transferred with the HLA gene to verify whether the cytotoxicity of DN-TILs was MHC-independent. RESULTS Flow cytometric analysis revealed a high-purity population of DN-TILs (> 97%) within CD3+ TILs, which expanded more than 800-folds in 2 weeks, consisting of a mixture of alpha-beta (αβ) and gamma-delta (γδ) T-cell receptor (TCR)-expressing cells (with the majority being αβ-TCR, > 95%). Using single-cell RNA sequencing, the expanded DN-TILs were categorized into four main subsets, Natural Killer T cells (approximately 80%, 5563 in 7028), Progenitor cells, Germ cells and T helper2 cells. DN-TILs exhibited a broad anticancer cytotoxicity in a donor-unrestricted manner against various cancer cell lines derived from pancreatic cancer (Panc-1), gastric cancer (HGC-27), ovarian cancer (SKOV-3), malignant melanoma (A375). The cytotoxicity was MHC-independent, which was not altered in K562 transferring with HLA gene or not. DN-TILs significantly reduced tumor volume in xenograft models with superior tumor-homing ability and low off-target toxicity. CONCLUSION Gastric carcinoma derived DN-TIL can target tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. DN-TILs have the potential to be used as a adoptive cell therapy for solid cancers with both the advantages of DNT and TIL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Lu
- Departmalet of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Shanghai Juncell Biotechnology Co., LTD, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong He
- Departmalet of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongjia Xie
- Departmalet of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Li
- Shanghai Tumor Cell Therapy Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianling Guo
- Departmalet of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Departmalet of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Valvano L, Nozza F, D'Arena G, D'Auria F, De Luca L, Pietrantuono G, Mansueto G, Villani O, D'Agostino S, Lamorte D, Calice G, Statuto T. Preliminary analysis of double-negative T, double-positive T, and natural killer T-like cells in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer Med 2023. [PMID: 37140360 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is characterized by the expansion of CD5+ malignant B lymphocytes. Recent discoveries have shown that double-negative T (DNT) cells, double-positive T (DPT) cells, and natural killer T (NKT)-cells may be involved in tumor surveillance. METHODS A detailed immunophenotypic analysis of the peripheral blood T-cell compartment of 50 patients with B-CLL (classified in three prognostic groups) and 38 healthy donors (as controls) matched for age was performed. The samples were analyzed by flow cytometry using a stain-lyse-no wash technique and a comprehensive six-color antibody panels. RESULTS Our data confirmed a reduction in percentage values and an increase in absolute values of T lymphocytes in patients with B-CLL, as already reported. In particular, DNT, DPT, and NKT-like percentages were significantly lower than in the controls, except for NKT-like in the low-risk prognostic group. Moreover, a significant rise in the absolute counts of DNT cells in each prognostic group and in the low-risk prognostic group of NKT-like cells was found. A significant correlation of the absolute values of NKT-like cells in the intermediate-risk prognostic group versus B cells was observed. Furthermore, we analyzed whether the increase in T cells was related to the subpopulations of interest. Only DNT cells were positively correlated with the increase in CD3+ T lymphocytes, regardless of the stage of the disease, supporting the hypothesis that this T-cell subset plays a key role in the immune T response in B-CLL. CONCLUSION These early results supported that DNT, DPT, and NKT-like subsets may be related to disease progression and should encourage further studies aimed at identifying the potential immune surveillance role of these minority T subpopulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Valvano
- Laboratory of Clinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Filomena Nozza
- Laboratory of Clinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Giovanni D'Arena
- Immunohematology and transfusional medicine, "S. Luca" Hospital, ASL Salerno, Vallo della Lucania, Italy
| | - Fiorella D'Auria
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Luciana De Luca
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pietrantuono
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Giovanna Mansueto
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Oreste Villani
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Simona D'Agostino
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Daniela Lamorte
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Giovanni Calice
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Teodora Statuto
- Laboratory of Clinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ma L, Feng Y, Zhou Z. A close look at current γδ T-cell immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1140623. [PMID: 37063836 PMCID: PMC10102511 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1140623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to their antitumor and major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent capacities, γδ T cells have gained popularity in adoptive T-cell immunotherapy in recent years. However, many unknowns still exist regarding γδ T cells, and few clinical data have been collected. Therefore, this review aims to describe all the main features of the applications of γδ T cells and provide a systematic view of current γδ T-cell immunotherapy. Specifically, this review will focus on how γδ T cells performed in treating cancers in clinics, on the γδ T-cell clinical trials that have been conducted to date, and the role of γδ T cells in the pharmaceutical industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ma
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Research and Development Department, Beijing Dingchengtaiyuan (DCTY) Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yanmin Feng
- Research and Development Department, Beijing Dingchengtaiyuan (DCTY) Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Zishan Zhou
- Research and Development Department, Beijing Dingchengtaiyuan (DCTY) Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zishan Zhou,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Current cancer immunotherapies are primarily predicated on αβ T cells, with a stringent dependence on MHC-mediated presentation of tumour-enriched peptides or unique neoantigens that can limit their efficacy and applicability in various contexts. After two decades of preclinical research and preliminary clinical studies involving very small numbers of patients, γδ T cells are now being explored as a viable and promising approach for cancer immunotherapy. The unique features of γδ T cells, including their tissue tropisms, antitumour activity that is independent of neoantigen burden and conventional MHC-dependent antigen presentation, and combination of typical properties of T cells and natural killer cells, make them very appealing effectors in multiple cancer settings. Herein, we review the main functions of γδ T cells in antitumour immunity, focusing on human γδ T cell subsets, with a particular emphasis on the differences between Vδ1+ and Vδ2+ γδ T cells, to discuss their prognostic value in patients with cancer and the key therapeutic strategies that are being developed in an attempt to improve the outcomes of these patients.
Collapse
|
13
|
Lou W, Gong C, Ye Z, Hu Y, Zhu M, Fang Z, Xu H. Lipid metabolic features of T cells in the Tumor Microenvironment. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:94. [PMID: 36203151 PMCID: PMC9535888 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01705-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is characterized by discrete changes in metabolic features of cancer and immune cells, with various implications. Cancer cells take up most of the available glucose to support their growth, thereby leaving immune cells with insufficient nutrients to expand. In the relative absence of glucose, T cells switch the metabolic program to lipid-based sources, which is pivotal to T-cell differentiation and activation in nutrient-stressed TME. Although consumption of lipids should provide an alternative energy source to starving T cells, a literature survey has revealed that it may not necessarily lead to antitumor responses. Different subtypes of T cells behave differently in various lipid overload states, which widely depends upon the kind of free fatty acids (FFA) engulfed. Key lipid metabolic genes provide cytotoxic T cells with necessary nutrients for proliferation in the absence of glucose, thereby favoring antitumor immunity, but the same genes cause immune evasion in Tmem and Treg. This review aims to detail the complexity of differential lipid metabolism in distinct subtypes of T cells that drive the antitumor or pro-tumor immunity in specific TME states. We have identified key drug targets related to lipid metabolic rewiring in TME.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanshuang Lou
- Department of Integrated Traditional & Western Medicine, Sanmen People's Hospital, 317100, Sanmen, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Integrated Traditional & Western Medicine, Sanmen Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 317100, Sanmen, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaoju Gong
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 221100, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuoni Ye
- Second College of Clinical Medical, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou Zhejiang, China
| | - Ynayan Hu
- Central Laboratory, Sanmen People's Hospital, 317100, Sanmen, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minjing Zhu
- Central Laboratory, Sanmen People's Hospital, 317100, Sanmen, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zejun Fang
- Central Laboratory, Sanmen People's Hospital, 317100, Sanmen, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Huihui Xu
- Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, 317000, Linhai, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ren Y, Li R, Feng H, Xie J, Gao L, Chu S, Li Y, Meng F, Ning Y. Single-cell sequencing reveals effects of chemotherapy on the immune landscape and TCR/BCR clonal expansion in a relapsed ovarian cancer patient. Front Immunol 2022; 13:985187. [PMID: 36248860 PMCID: PMC9555851 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.985187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer recurrence and chemoresistance are the leading causes of death in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) patients. However, the unique role of the immune environment in tumor progression for relapsed chemo-resistant patients remains elusive. In single-cell resolution, we characterized a comprehensive multi-dimensional cellular and immunological atlas from tumor, ascites, and peripheral blood of a chemo-resistant patient at different stages of treatment. Our results highlight a role in recurrence and chemoresistance of the immunosuppressive microenvironment in ascites, including MDSC-like myeloid and hypo-metabolic γδT cells, and of peripheral CD8+ effector T cells with chemotherapy-induced senescent/exhaustive. Importantly, paired TCR/BCR sequencing demonstrated relative conservation of TCR clonal expansion in hyper-expanded CD8+ T cells and extensive BCR clonal expansion without usage bias of V(D)J genes after chemotherapy. Thus, our study suggests strategies for ameliorating chemotherapy-induced immune impairment to improve the clinical outcome of HGSOC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Ren
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Runrong Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanxiao Feng
- The First Clinical Medical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieying Xie
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Gao
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Chu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Li, ; Fanliang Meng, ; Yunshan Ning,
| | - Fanliang Meng
- The First Clinical Medical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Li, ; Fanliang Meng, ; Yunshan Ning,
| | - Yunshan Ning
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Li, ; Fanliang Meng, ; Yunshan Ning,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Identification of the function of γδ1 T cells in the lung cancer microenvironments. CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF SPANISH ONCOLOGY SOCIETIES AND OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE OF MEXICO 2022; 24:1365-1371. [PMID: 35091999 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02780-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether γδ1 T cells derived from lung cancer tissues have immunosuppressive function and to verify the mechanism of immunosuppressive effect. METHODS Fresh lung cancer tissue samples were collected, some of them were prepared tissue sections, the others were isolated and amplified into TILs cells, γδ1 T cells were isolated from TILs cells by immunomagnetic beads kits, and then cloned and amplified. The immunomodulatory effects of γδ1 T cells on naive and effector CD4+ T cells were detected by immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, CCK8, ELISA and transwell culture. RESULTS A high proportion of γδ1 T cells was found in lung cancer tissues. The cultural supernatants of γδ1 T cells could inhibit the proliferation of naive CD4+ T cells and decrease the secretion level of IL-2 by effector CD4+ T cells. Further studies showed that the expression levels of IL-8, MIP-1α, MIP-1β and RANTES were higher than that of IFN-γ, GM-CSF and TNF-α, TNF-β, however, their neutralizing antibodies could not block the immunosuppressive activity of the supernatant. CONCLUSION γδ1 T cells play an negative immunoregulation function in lung cancer microenvironments, and have obvious immunosuppressive effects on proliferation and cytokine release of naive CD4+ T cells and effector CD4+ T cells. Preliminary evidence from this study suggests that the mechanism of immunosuppressive effects is mediated by the soluble factors in γδ1 T cell culture supernatants, but its exact molecular mechanism needs to be further explored.
Collapse
|
16
|
Chitadze G, Kabelitz D. Immune surveillance in glioblastoma: role of the NKG2D system and novel cell-based therapeutic approaches. Scand J Immunol 2022; 96:e13201. [PMID: 35778892 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma, formerly known as Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent and most aggressive brain tumor in adults. The brain is an immunopriviledged organ and the blood brain barrier shields the brain from immune surveillance. In this review we discuss the composition of the immunosuppressive tumor micromilieu and potential immune escape mechanisms in GBM. In this respect, we focus on the role of the NKG2D receptor/ligand system. NKG2D ligands are frequently expressed on GBM tumor cells and can activate NKG2D-expressing killer cells including NK cells and γδ T cells. Soluble NKG2D ligands, however, contribute to tumor escape from immunological attack. We also discuss the current immunotherapeutic strategies to improve the survival of GBM patients. Such approaches include the modulation of the NKG2D receptor/ligand system, the application of checkpoint inhibitors, the adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded and/or modified immune cells, or the application of antibodies and antibody constructs to target cytotoxic effector cells in vivo. In view of the multitude of pursued strategies, there is hope for improved overall survival of GBM patients in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guranda Chitadze
- Unit for Hematological Diagnostics, Department of Internal Medicine II
| | - Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
McGraw JM, Witherden DA. γδ T cell costimulatory ligands in antitumor immunity. EXPLORATION OF IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 2:79-97. [PMID: 35480230 PMCID: PMC9041367 DOI: 10.37349/ei.2022.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Antitumor immunity relies on the ability of T cells to recognize and kill tumor targets. γδ T cells are a specialized subset of T cells that predominantly localizes to non-lymphoid tissue such as the skin, gut, and lung where they are actively involved in tumor immunosurveillance. γδ T cells respond to self-stress ligands that are increased on many tumor cells, and these interactions provide costimulatory signals that promote their activation and cytotoxicity. This review will cover costimulatory molecules that are known to be critical for the function of γδ T cells with a specific focus on mouse dendritic epidermal T cells (DETC). DETC are a prototypic tissue-resident γδ T cell population with known roles in antitumor immunity and are therefore useful for identifying mechanisms that may control activation of other γδ T cell subsets within non-lymphoid tissues. This review concludes with a brief discussion on how γδ T cell costimulatory molecules can be targeted for improved cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M. McGraw
- 1Department of Biology, Calibr at The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Deborah A. Witherden
- 2Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Immune tumoral microenvironment in gliomas: focus on CD3 + T cells, Vδ1 + T cells, and microglia/macrophages. Immunol Res 2022; 70:224-239. [PMID: 35006549 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-022-09260-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are histologically defined as low-grade gliomas (LGG) and high-grade gliomas (HGG). The most common type of HGG is the glioblastoma (GBM). We aimed to determine the immunological characteristics of CD3 T-cells, Vδ1 T-cells, and microglia/macrophages infiltrating brain gliomas. We collected 24 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples issued from 19 cases of GBM and 5 cases of LGG. An immunohistochemical analysis was performed using anti-CD3, anti-Vδ1, and anti-iba-1 antibodies. Labelling indexes (LI) of CD3 and Vδ1 were evaluated quantitatively, and other CD3, Vδ1, and iba-1 staining characteristics were evaluated qualitatively. The median age of patients was 49 years in GBM and 52 years in LGG. The sex ratio was 1.4 and GBM predominated in males (p = 0.05). In GBM, the medians of CD3-LI and Vδ1-LI were 30 and 3.5 respectively. CD3-LI inversely correlated with survival in GBM cases (r = - 0.543; p = 0.016). CD3 staining intensity correlated with CD3-LI (p < 0.0001) and with the survival in GBM cases (p = 0.003). Compared to LGG, the CD3-LI, the intensity of intra-tumoral Vδ1 staining, and the amount of iba-1 were higher in GBM (p = 0.042; p = 0.014; and p = 0.001 respectively). The iba-1 organization was more amoeboid in older patients and more branched in younger patients (p = 0.028) and tended to be more amoeboid in cases with high iba-1 amount (p = 0.09). Our results suggest that a high level of CD3-LI and a strong intra-tumoral infiltration of Vδ1 T-cells as well as a high involvement of TAM can be considered potential markers of poor prognosis of GBM. However, this requires further studies on more balanced GBM-LGG sample, including an expanded panel of biomarkers.
Collapse
|
19
|
Corsale AM, Di Simone M, Lo Presti E, Picone C, Dieli F, Meraviglia S. Metabolic Changes in Tumor Microenvironment: How Could They Affect γδ T Cells Functions? Cells 2021; 10:2896. [PMID: 34831116 PMCID: PMC8616133 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic changes that occur in tumor microenvironment (TME) can influence not only the biological activity of tumor cells, which become more aggressive and auto sustained, but also the immune response against tumor cells, either producing ineffective responses or polarizing the response toward protumor activity. γδ T cells are a subset of T cells characterized by a plasticity that confers them the ability to differentiate towards different cell subsets according to the microenvironment conditions. On this basis, we here review the more recent studies focused on altered tumor metabolism and γδ T cells, considering their already known antitumor role and the possibility of manipulating their effector functions by in vitro and in vivo approaches. γδ T cells, thanks to their unique features, are themselves a valid alternative to overcome the limits associated with the use of conventional T cells, such as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction, costimulatory signal and specific tumor-associated antigen recognition. Lipids, amino acids, hypoxia, prostaglandins and other metabolic changes inside the tumor microenvironment could reduce the efficacy of this important immune population and polarize γδ T cells toward IL17 producing cells that play a pro tumoral role. A deeper knowledge of this phenomenon could be helpful to formulate new immunotherapeutic approaches that target tumor metabolisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Corsale
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnosis, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (A.M.C.); (M.D.S.); (C.P.); (F.D.)
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marta Di Simone
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnosis, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (A.M.C.); (M.D.S.); (C.P.); (F.D.)
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Elena Lo Presti
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), 90146 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Carmela Picone
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnosis, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (A.M.C.); (M.D.S.); (C.P.); (F.D.)
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnosis, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (A.M.C.); (M.D.S.); (C.P.); (F.D.)
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Serena Meraviglia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnosis, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (A.M.C.); (M.D.S.); (C.P.); (F.D.)
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Al-Baradie RS. Nanobodies as versatile tools: A focus on targeted tumor therapy, tumor imaging and diagnostics. Hum Antibodies 2021; 28:259-272. [PMID: 32831197 DOI: 10.3233/hab-200425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies and vaccines have widely been studied for the immunotherapy of cancer, though their large size appears to limit their functionality in solid tumors, in large part due to unique properties of tumor microenvironment. Smaller formats of antibodies have been developed to throw such restrictions. These small format antibodies include antigen binding fragments, single-chain variable fragments, single variable domain of camelid antibody (so-called nanobody (Nb) or VHH). Since their serendipitous discovery, nanobodies have been studies at length in the fields of research, diagnostics and therapy. These antigen binding fragments, originating from camelid heavy-chain antibodies, possess unusual hallmarks in terms of (small) size, stability, solubility and specificity, hence allowing cost-effective production and sometimes out performing monoclonal antibodies. In addition, these small camelid heavy-chain antibodies are highly adaptable tools for cancer research as they enable specific modulation of targets, enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins alike. Molecular imaging studies benefit from the rapid, homogeneous tumor accumulation of nanobodies and their fast blood clearance, permitting previously unattainable fast tumor visualization. Moreover, they are endowed with considerable therapeutic potential as inhibitors of receptor-ligand pairs and deliverers of drugs or drug-loaded nanoparticles towards tumors. In this review, we shed light on the current status of nanobodies in diagnosis and imaging of tumor and exploiting nanobodies revert immunosuppressive events, modulation of immune checkpoints, and as deliverers of drugs for targeted tumor therapy.
Collapse
|
21
|
Uchida Y, Gherardini J, Pappelbaum K, Chéret J, Schulte-Mecklenbeck A, Gross CC, Strbo N, Gilhar A, Rossi A, Funk W, Kanekura T, Almeida L, Bertolini M, Paus R. Resident human dermal γδT-cells operate as stress-sentinels: Lessons from the hair follicle. J Autoimmun 2021; 124:102711. [PMID: 34479087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Murine γδT-cells have stress-surveillance functions and are implicated in autoimmunity. Yet, whether human γδT-cells are also stress sentinels and directly promote autoimmune responses in the skin is unknown. Using a novel (mini-)organ assay, we tested if human dermis resident γδT-cells can recognize stressed human scalp hair follicles (HFs) to promote an alopecia areata (AA)-like autoimmune response. Accordingly, we show that γδT-cells from healthy human scalp skin are activated (CD69+), up-regulate the expression of NKG2D and IFN-γ, and become cytotoxic when co-cultured with autologous stressed HFs ex vivo. These autologous γδT-cells induce HF immune privilege collapse, dystrophy, and premature catagen, i.e. three hallmarks of the human autoimmune HF disorder, AA. This is mediated by CXCL12, MICA, and in part by IFN-γ and CD1d. In conclusion, human dermal γδT-cells exert physiological stress-sentinel functions in human skin, where their excessive activity can promote autoimmunity towards stressed HFs that overexpress CD1d, CXCL12, and/or MICA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youhei Uchida
- Department of Dermatology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Jennifer Gherardini
- Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany; Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | | | - Jérémy Chéret
- Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Andreas Schulte-Mecklenbeck
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Catharina C Gross
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Natasa Strbo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Amos Gilhar
- Skin Research Laboratory, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alfredo Rossi
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, University ''La Sapienza'', Rome, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Funk
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dr. Dr. Med. Funk, Munich, Germany
| | - Takuro Kanekura
- Department of Dermatology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | | | - Ralf Paus
- Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany; Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, MAHSC, And Manchester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhu H, Liu X. Advances of Tumorigenesis, Diagnosis at Early Stage, and Cellular Immunotherapy in Gastrointestinal Malignancies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:666340. [PMID: 34434889 PMCID: PMC8381364 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.666340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, in 2018, 4.8 million new patients have a diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, while 3.4 million people died of such disorders. GI malignancies are tightly relevant to 26% of the world-wide cancer incidence and occupies 35% of all cancer-associated deaths. In this article, we principally investigated molecular and cellular mechanisms of tumorigenesis in five major GI cancers occurring at esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, and colorectal region that illustrate high morbidity in Eastern and Western countries. Moreover, through this investigation, we not only emphasize importance of the tumor microenvironment in development and treatment of malignant tumors but also identify significance of M2PK, miRNAs, ctDNAs, circRNAs, and CTCs in early detection of GI cancers, as well as systematically evaluate contribution of personalized precision medicine including cellular immunotherapy, new antigen and vaccine therapy, and oncolytic virotherapy in treatment of GI cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Zhu
- Precision and Personalized Cancer Treatment Center, Division of Cancer Diagnosis & Therapy, Ciming Boao International Hospital, Boao Lecheng International Medical Tourism Pilot Zone, Qionghai, China.,Stem Cell and Biotherapy Technology Research Center, Xinxiang Medical College, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Division of Cellular & Biomedical Science, Ciming Boao International Hospital, Boao Lecheng International Medical Tourism Pilot Zone, Qionghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Foord E, Arruda LCM, Gaballa A, Klynning C, Uhlin M. Characterization of ascites- and tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells reveals distinct repertoires and a beneficial role in ovarian cancer. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/577/eabb0192. [PMID: 33472952 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abb0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The role of γδ T cells in antitumor immunity has been under investigation for the past two decades, but little is known about their contribution to clinical outcomes in patients. Here, we set out to define the clonotypic, phenotypic, and functional features of γδ T cells in peripheral blood, ascites, and metastatic tumor tissue from patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing of the γ chain revealed that tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells have a unique and skewed repertoire with high TCR diversity and low clonality. In contrast, ascites-derived γδ T cells presented a lower TCR diversity and higher clonality, suggesting a TCR-dependent clonal focusing at this site. Further investigation showed that tumor samples had abundant γδ T cells with a tissue-resident, activation-associated phenotype, less usage of Vγ9 and an impaired response to adaptive-associated stimuli, implying an innate-like activation pathway, rather than an adaptive TCR-engaging pathway, at these tumor sites. Furthermore, high γδ T cell cytokine responsiveness upon stimulation was associated with a favorable outcome for patients in terms of both overall survival and reduced residual tumor burden after primary surgery. Last, the functionality of γδ T cells and patient survival were negatively affected by the proportions of CD39-expressing T cells, highlighting the potential of CD39 as a target to improve γδ T cell responses and unleash their antitumor capabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emelie Foord
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Lucas C M Arruda
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ahmed Gaballa
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, 511 32 Shebin Elkom, Egypt
| | - Charlotte Klynning
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Uhlin
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Barragué H, Fontaine J, Abravanel F, Mauré E, Péron JM, Alric L, Dubois M, Izopet J, Champagne E. Mobilization of γδ T Cells and IL-10 Production at the Acute Phase of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Cytomegalovirus Carriers. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1027-1038. [PMID: 33483348 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in the γδ T cell compartment have been reported in immunocompromised individuals infected with hepatitis E virus (HEV)-g3. We now report the analysis of blood γδ T cells from acutely HEV-infected individuals in the absence of immunosuppression. In these patients, non-Vδ2 (ND2) γδ T cells outnumbered otherwise predominant Vδ2 cells selectively in human CMV (HCMV)-seropositive patients and were higher than in HCMVpos controls, mimicking HCMV reactivation, whereas their serum was PCR-negative for HCMV. Stimulation of their lymphocytes with HEV-infected hepatocarcinoma cells led to an HEV-specific response in γδ subsets of HCMVpos individuals. HEV infection was associated with a lowered expression of TIGIT, LAG-3, and CD160 immune checkpoint markers on ND2 effector memory cells in HCMVneg but not in HCMVpos HEV patients. γδ cell lines, predominantly ND2, were generated from patients after coculture with hepatocarcinoma cells permissive to HEV and IL-2/12/18. Upon restimulation with HEV-infected or uninfected cells and selected cytokines, these cell lines produced IFN-γ and IL-10, the latter being induced by IL-12 in IFN-γ-producing cells and upregulated by HEV and IL-18. They were also capable of suppressing the proliferation of CD3/CD28-activated CD4 cells in transwell experiments. Importantly, IL-10 was detected in the plasma of 10 of 10 HCMVpos HEV patients but rarely in controls or HCMVneg HEV patients, implying that γδ cells are probably involved in IL-10 production at the acute phase of infection. Our data indicate that HEV mobilizes a pool of ND2 memory cells in HCMV carriers, promoting the development of an immunoregulatory environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Barragué
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, F-31024 Toulouse, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, INSERM-U1043, CNRS-UMR5282, F-31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Jessica Fontaine
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, F-31024 Toulouse, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, INSERM-U1043, CNRS-UMR5282, F-31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Florence Abravanel
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, INSERM-U1043, CNRS-UMR5282, F-31024 Toulouse, France.,CHU Toulouse, Hôspital Purpan, Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre National de Référence Hépatite E, F-31059 Toulouse, France; and
| | - Emilie Mauré
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, INSERM-U1043, CNRS-UMR5282, F-31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Marie Péron
- Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Hôspital Rangueil, F-31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Alric
- Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Hôspital Rangueil, F-31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Martine Dubois
- CHU Toulouse, Hôspital Purpan, Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre National de Référence Hépatite E, F-31059 Toulouse, France; and
| | - Jacques Izopet
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, F-31024 Toulouse, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, INSERM-U1043, CNRS-UMR5282, F-31024 Toulouse, France.,CHU Toulouse, Hôspital Purpan, Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre National de Référence Hépatite E, F-31059 Toulouse, France; and
| | - Eric Champagne
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, F-31024 Toulouse, France; .,Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, INSERM-U1043, CNRS-UMR5282, F-31024 Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li Y, Li G, Zhang J, Wu X, Chen X. The Dual Roles of Human γδ T Cells: Anti-Tumor or Tumor-Promoting. Front Immunol 2021; 11:619954. [PMID: 33664732 PMCID: PMC7921733 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.619954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells are the unique T cell subgroup with their T cell receptors composed of γ chain and δ chain. Unlike αβ T cells, γδ T cells are non-MHC-restricted in recognizing tumor antigens, and therefore defined as innate immune cells. Activated γδ T cells can promote the anti-tumor function of adaptive immune cells. They are considered as a bridge between adaptive immunity and innate immunity. However, several other studies have shown that γδ T cells can also promote tumor progression by inhibiting anti-tumor response. Therefore, γδ T cells may have both anti-tumor and tumor-promoting effects. In order to clarify this contradiction, in this review, we summarized the functions of the main subsets of human γδ T cells in how they exhibit their respective anti-tumor or pro-tumor effects in cancer. Then, we reviewed recent γδ T cell-based anti-tumor immunotherapy. Finally, we summarized the existing problems and prospect of this immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Gen Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Tian Jin University, Tian Jin, China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wesch D, Kabelitz D, Oberg HH. Tumor resistance mechanisms and their consequences on γδ T cell activation. Immunol Rev 2020; 298:84-98. [PMID: 33048357 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human γδ T lymphocytes are predominated by two major subsets, defined by the variable domain of the δ chain. Both, Vδ1 and Vδ2 T cells infiltrate in tumors and have been implicated in cancer immunosurveillance. Since the localization and distribution of tumor-infiltrating γδ T cell subsets and their impact on survival of cancer patients are not completely defined, this review summarizes the current knowledge about this issue. Different intrinsic tumor resistance mechanisms and immunosuppressive molecules of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment have been reported to negatively influence functional properties of γδ T cell subsets. Here, we focus on selected tumor resistance mechanisms including overexpression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and indolamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)-1/2, regulation by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)/TRAIL-R4 pathway and the release of galectins. These inhibitory mechanisms play important roles in the cross-talk of γδ T cell subsets and tumor cells, thereby influencing cytotoxicity or proliferation of γδ T cells and limiting a successful γδ T cell-based immunotherapy. Possible future directions of a combined therapy of adoptively transferred γδ T cells together with γδ-targeting bispecific T cell engagers and COX-2 or IDO-1/2 inhibitors or targeting sialoglycan-Siglec pathways will be discussed and considered as attractive therapeutic options to overcome the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Wesch
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hans-Heinrich Oberg
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rafia C, Harly C, Scotet E. Beyond CAR T cells: Engineered Vγ9Vδ2 T cells to fight solid tumors. Immunol Rev 2020; 298:117-133. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chirine Rafia
- INSERMCNRSCRCINAUniversité de Nantes Nantes France
- LabEx IGO “Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology” Nantes France
- ImCheck Therapeutics Marseille France
| | - Christelle Harly
- INSERMCNRSCRCINAUniversité de Nantes Nantes France
- LabEx IGO “Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology” Nantes France
| | - Emmanuel Scotet
- INSERMCNRSCRCINAUniversité de Nantes Nantes France
- LabEx IGO “Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology” Nantes France
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kabelitz D, Serrano R, Kouakanou L, Peters C, Kalyan S. Cancer immunotherapy with γδ T cells: many paths ahead of us. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 17:925-939. [PMID: 32699351 PMCID: PMC7609273 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0504-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells play uniquely important roles in stress surveillance and immunity for infections and carcinogenesis. Human γδ T cells recognize and kill transformed cells independently of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) restriction, which is an essential feature of conventional αβ T cells. Vγ9Vδ2 γδ T cells, which prevail in the peripheral blood of healthy adults, are activated by microbial or endogenous tumor-derived pyrophosphates by a mechanism dependent on butyrophilin molecules. γδ T cells expressing other T cell receptor variable genes, notably Vδ1, are more abundant in mucosal tissue. In addition to the T cell receptor, γδ T cells usually express activating natural killer (NK) receptors, such as NKp30, NKp44, or NKG2D which binds to stress-inducible surface molecules that are absent on healthy cells but are frequently expressed on malignant cells. Therefore, γδ T cells are endowed with at least two independent recognition systems to sense tumor cells and to initiate anticancer effector mechanisms, including cytokine production and cytotoxicity. In view of their HLA-independent potent antitumor activity, there has been increasing interest in translating the unique potential of γδ T cells into innovative cellular cancer immunotherapies. Here, we discuss recent developments to enhance the efficacy of γδ T cell-based immunotherapy. This includes strategies for in vivo activation and tumor-targeting of γδ T cells, the optimization of in vitro expansion protocols, and the development of gene-modified γδ T cells. It is equally important to consider potential synergisms with other therapeutic strategies, notably checkpoint inhibitors, chemotherapy, or the (local) activation of innate immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, D-24105, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Ruben Serrano
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Léonce Kouakanou
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Peters
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Shirin Kalyan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yazdanifar M, Barbarito G, Bertaina A, Airoldi I. γδ T Cells: The Ideal Tool for Cancer Immunotherapy. Cells 2020; 9:E1305. [PMID: 32456316 PMCID: PMC7290982 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells have recently gained considerable attention as an attractive tool for cancer adoptive immunotherapy due to their potent anti-tumor activity and unique role in immunosurveillance. The remarkable success of engineered T cells for the treatment of hematological malignancies has revolutionized the field of adoptive cell immunotherapy. Accordingly, major efforts are underway to translate this exciting technology to the treatment of solid tumors and the development of allogeneic therapies. The unique features of γδ T cells, including their major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent anti-cancer activity, tissue tropism, and multivalent response against a broad spectrum of the tumors, render them ideal for designing universal 'third-party' cell products, with the potential to overcome the challenges of allogeneic cell therapy. In this review, we describe the crucial role of γδ T cells in anti-tumor immunosurveillance and we summarize the different approaches used for the ex vivo and in vivo expansion of γδ T cells suitable for the development of novel strategies for cancer therapy. We further discuss the different transduction strategies aiming at redirecting or improving the function of γδ T cells, as well as, the considerations for the clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahboubeh Yazdanifar
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; (M.Y.); (G.B.)
| | - Giulia Barbarito
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; (M.Y.); (G.B.)
| | - Alice Bertaina
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; (M.Y.); (G.B.)
| | - Irma Airoldi
- Laboratorio Cellule Staminali post-natali e Terapie Cellulari, IRCCS G. Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Liu Y, Zhang C. The Role of Human γδ T Cells in Anti-Tumor Immunity and Their Potential for Cancer Immunotherapy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051206. [PMID: 32413966 PMCID: PMC7290839 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells are a distinct subset of T cells whose T cell receptors consist of γ chains and δ chains, different from conventional αβ T cells. γδ T cells are considered as a member of the innate immunity because of their non-MHC restricted antigen recognition, rapid response to invading pathogens and sense early changes of malignant cells. Upon activation, they can further promote the activation of adaptive immune cells, such as T cells and B cells, by secreting various cytokines. Thus, γδ T cells are regarded as a bridge between innate immunity and acquired immunity. γδ T cells are involved in a variety of immune response processes, including immune defense and immune surveillance against infection and tumorigenesis. γδ T cells recognize multiple tumor-associated antigens or molecules in T cell receptors (TCRs)-dependent and natural killer cell receptors (NKRs)-dependent ways. γδ T cells not only display a direct killing capacity on a variety of tumors, but also exert anti-tumor immune responses indirectly by facilitating the function of other immune cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs), B cells and CD8+ T cells. In this review, we summarize the major subpopulations, the tumor recognition mechanisms, and the anti-tumor effects of human γδ T cells, particularly the potential of γδ T cells for cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cai Zhang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-531-8838-3782
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jonescheit H, Oberg HH, Gonnermann D, Hermes M, Sulaj V, Peters C, Kabelitz D, Wesch D. Influence of Indoleamine-2,3-Dioxygenase and Its Metabolite Kynurenine on γδ T Cell Cytotoxicity against Ductal Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Cells. Cells 2020; 9:E1140. [PMID: 32384638 PMCID: PMC7290398 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a malignant gastrointestinal disease. The enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxgenase (IDO) is often overexpressed in PDAC and its downstream metabolite kynurenine has been reported to inhibit T cell activation and proliferation. Since γδ T cells are of high interest for T cell-based immunotherapy against PDAC, we studied the impact of IDO and kynurenine on γδ T cell cytotoxicity against PDAC cells. METHODS IDO expression was determined in PDAC cells by flow cytometry and Western blot analysis. PDAC cells were cocultured with γδ T cells in medium or were stimulated with phosphorylated antigens or bispecific antibody in the presence or absence of IDO inhibitors. Additionally, γδ T cells were treated with recombinant kynurenine. Read-out assays included degranulation, cytotoxicity and cytokine measurement as well as cell cycle analysis. RESULTS Since IDO overexpression was variable in PDAC, IDO inhibitors improved γδ T cell cytotoxicity only against some but not all PDAC cells. γδ T cell degranulation and cytotoxicity were significantly decreased after their treatment with recombinant kynurenine. CONCLUSIONS Bispecific antibody drastically enhanced γδ T cell cytotoxicity against all PDAC cells, which can be further enhanced by IDO inhibitors against several PDAC cells, suggesting a striking heterogeneity in PDAC escape mechanisms towards γδ T cell-mediated anti-tumor response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniela Wesch
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany; (H.J.); (H.-H.O.); (D.G.); (M.H.); (V.S.); (C.P.); (D.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ang WX, Ng YY, Xiao L, Chen C, Li Z, Chi Z, Tay JCK, Tan WK, Zeng J, Toh HC, Wang S. Electroporation of NKG2D RNA CAR Improves Vγ9Vδ2 T Cell Responses against Human Solid Tumor Xenografts. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 17:421-430. [PMID: 32462079 PMCID: PMC7240063 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Vγ9Vδ2 T cell-based anticancer immunotherapy has shown some promise in early-phase clinical trials but there is still large room for improvement. Using the extracellular domain of the human NKG2D, a stimulatory receptor expressed by Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, we constructed NKG2D ligand-specific chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). We adopted a non-viral CAR approach via mRNA electroporation to modify Vγ9Vδ2 T cells and demonstrated that, upon interaction with the NKG2D ligand-positive cancer cells, the CARs substantially enhanced the cytotoxic activity of the modified cells toward multiple cultured solid tumor cell lines, including those resistant to Zometa treatment. Repeated doses of the CAR-expressing cells resulted in tumor regression in mice with established tumors, extending median survival time by up to 132% as compared to the PBS control group. The findings suggest clinical potential for RNA CAR-modified Vγ9Vδ2 T cells to treat a wide variety of NKG2D ligand-expressing cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xia Ang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.,Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Yu Yang Ng
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.,Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Lin Xiao
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Can Chen
- Tessa Therapeutics, Singapore 239351, Singapore
| | - Zhendong Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhixia Chi
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Johan Chin-Kang Tay
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Wee Kiat Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.,Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Jieming Zeng
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Han Chong Toh
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kadekar D, Agerholm R, Rizk J, Neubauer HA, Suske T, Maurer B, Viñals MT, Comelli EM, Taibi A, Moriggl R, Bekiaris V. The neonatal microenvironment programs innate γδ T cells through the transcription factor STAT5. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:2496-2508. [PMID: 32281944 PMCID: PMC7190909 DOI: 10.1172/jci131241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-17-producing RORγt+ γδ T cells (γδT17 cells) are innate lymphocytes that participate in type 3 immune responses during infection and inflammation. Herein, we show that γδT17 cells rapidly proliferate within neonatal lymph nodes and gut, where, upon entry, they upregulate T-bet and coexpress IL-17, IL-22, and IFN-γ in a STAT3- and retinoic acid-dependent manner. Neonatal expansion was halted in mice conditionally deficient in STAT5, and its loss resulted in γδT17 cell depletion from all adult organs. Hyperactive STAT5 mutant mice showed that the STAT5A homolog had a dominant role over STAT5B in promoting γδT17 cell expansion and downregulating gut-associated T-bet. In contrast, STAT5B preferentially expanded IFN-γ-producing γδ populations, implying a previously unknown differential role of STAT5 gene products in lymphocyte lineage regulation. Importantly, mice lacking γδT17 cells as a result of STAT5 deficiency displayed a profound resistance to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Our data identify that the neonatal microenvironment in combination with STAT5 is critical for post-thymic γδT17 development and tissue-specific imprinting, which is essential for infection and autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darshana Kadekar
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Agerholm
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - John Rizk
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Heidi A. Neubauer
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Suske
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Maurer
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Elena M. Comelli
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Joannah and Brian Lawson Centre for Child Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vasileios Bekiaris
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
γδ T cells are a subset of T cells with attributes of both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. These cells have long been an enigmatic and poorly understood component of the immune system and many have viewed them as having limited importance in host defense. This perspective persisted for some time both because of critical gaps in knowledge regarding how the development of γδ T cells is regulated and because of the lack of effective and sophisticated approaches through which the function of γδ T cells can be manipulated. Here, we discuss the recent advances in both of these areas, which have brought the importance of γδ T cells in both productive and pathologic immune function more sharply into focus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra V. Contreras
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, R364, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - David L. Wiest
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, R364, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Li Y, Dong K, Fan X, Xie J, Wang M, Fu S, Li Q. DNT Cell-based Immunotherapy: Progress and Applications. J Cancer 2020; 11:3717-3724. [PMID: 32328176 PMCID: PMC7171494 DOI: 10.7150/jca.39717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has firmly established a dominant status in recent years. Adoptive cellular immunotherapy (ACI) is the main branch of immunotherapy. Recently, the immune effector cells of ACI, such as T cells, NK cells, and genetically engineered cells, have been used to achieve significant clinical benefits in the treatment of malignant tumors. However, the clinical applications have limitations, including toxicity, unexpectedly low efficiency, high costs and strict technical requirements. More exploration is needed to optimize ACI for cancer patients. CD3+CD4-CD8- double negative T cells (DNTs) have emerged as functional antitumor effector cells, according to the definition of adoptive immunotherapy. They constitute a kind of T cell subset that mediates nontumor antigen-restricted immunity and has important immune regulatory functions. Preclinical experiments showed that DNTs had a dual effect by killing tumor cells and inhibiting graft-versus-host disease. Notably, DNTs can be acquired from healthy donors and expanded in vitro; thus, allogeneic DNTs may be provided as “off-the-shelf” cellular products that can be readily available for direct clinical application. We review the progress and application of DNTs in immunotherapy. DNTs may provide some novel perspectives on cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingrui Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China.,Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Kang Dong
- Shanxi Pharmaceutical Group Gene Biotech co. LTD, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Xueke Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, 048000, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Songtao Fu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wei XS, Pei XB, Liu YL, Wu XZ, Shi HZ, Zhou Q. IL-17A-Producing γδT Cells Inhibit the Formation of Malignant Pleural Effusions. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 61:174-184. [PMID: 30608868 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0201oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
γδT cells are an important source of IL-17A and play an anti- or protumor role depending on the surrounding microenvironment. The precise role of γδT cells in the development of malignant pleural effusions (MPE) remains unknown. Using flow cytometry, we analyzed the distribution and differentiation of γδT cells in wild-type (WT) and IL-10-∕- mice. We carefully elucidated the influence of γδT cells on the formation of MPE by depleting γδT cells from WT, IL-10-∕-, and IL-17a-∕- mice. The distribution of γδT17 cells in human MPE and peripheral blood was also determined. Our data showed that both γδT cells and IL-17A-producing γδT (γδT17) cells accumulated in murine MPE, and IL-10 deficiency enhanced their accumulation. γδT cells were the main source of IL-17A in MPE for both WT and IL-10-∕- mice. IL-10 inhibited the chemotactic response of γδT cells to MPE and the proliferation of these cells. IL-10 suppressed γδT cell secretion of IL-17A via RORγt. The ablation of γδT cells accelerated MPE accumulation in both WT and IL-10-∕- mice, but it did not influence MPE accumulation in IL-17a-∕- mice. Patients with higher frequencies of γδT17 cells had significantly longer survival times than patients with lower frequencies of γδT17 cells. Taken together, our data demonstrate that γδT17 cells play an inhibitory role in the progression of MPE, and the accumulation of γδT17 cells in MPE is suppressed by IL-10.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Shan Wei
- 1Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and
| | | | - Ya-Lan Liu
- 2Center of Medical Research and.,3Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Zhi Wu
- 2Center of Medical Research and.,3Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huan-Zhong Shi
- 2Center of Medical Research and.,3Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- 1Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Vγ9Vδ2 T Cells: Can We Re-Purpose a Potent Anti-Infection Mechanism for Cancer Therapy? Cells 2020; 9:cells9040829. [PMID: 32235616 PMCID: PMC7226769 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapies based on in vivo stimulation, or on adoptive T cell transfer of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, have been tested in the past decades but have failed to provide consistent clinical efficacy. New, promising concepts such as γδ Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) -T cells and γδ T-cell engagers are currently under preclinical evaluation. Since the impact of factors, such as the relatively low abundance of γδ T cells within tumor tissue is still under investigation, it remains to be shown whether these effector T cells can provide significant efficacy against solid tumors. Here, we highlight key learnings from the natural role of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in the elimination of host cells bearing intracellular bacterial agents and we translate these into the setting of tumor therapy. We discuss the availability and relevance of preclinical models as well as currently available tools and knowledge from a drug development perspective. Finally, we compare advantages and disadvantages of existing therapeutic concepts and propose a role for Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in immune-oncology next to Cluster of Differentiation (CD) 3 activating therapies.
Collapse
|
38
|
Oberg HH, Janitschke L, Sulaj V, Weimer J, Gonnermann D, Hedemann N, Arnold N, Kabelitz D, Peipp M, Bauerschlag D, Wesch D. Bispecific antibodies enhance tumor-infiltrating T cell cytotoxicity against autologous HER-2-expressing high-grade ovarian tumors. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 107:1081-1095. [PMID: 31833593 PMCID: PMC7318294 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5ma1119-265r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer displays the highest mortality of all gynecological tumors. A relapse of the disease even after successful surgical treatment is a significant problem. Resistance against the current platinum‐based chemotherapeutic standard regime requires a detailed ex vivo immune profiling of tumor‐infiltrating cells and the development of new therapeutic strategies. In this study, we phenotypically and functionally characterize tumor cells and autologous tumor‐derived αβ and γδ T lymphocyte subsets. Tumor‐infiltrating (TIL) and tumor‐ascites lymphocytes (TAL) were ex vivo isolated out of tumor tissue and ascites, respectively, from high‐grade ovarian carcinoma patients (FIGO‐stage IIIa‐IV). We observed an increased γδ T cell percentage in ascites compared to tumor‐tissue and blood of these patients, whereas CD8+ αβ T cells were increased within TAL and TIL. The number of Vδ1 and non‐Vδ1/Vδ2‐expressing γδ T cells was increased in the ascites and in the tumor tissue compared to the blood of the same donors. Commonly in PBL, the Vγ9 chain of the γδ T cell receptor is usually associated exclusively with the Vδ2 chain. Interestingly, we detected Vδ1 and non‐Vδ1/Vδ2 T cells co‐expressing Vγ9, which is so far not described for TAL and TIL. Importantly, our data demonstrated an expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)‐2 on high‐grade ovarian tumors, which can serve as an efficient tumor antigen to target CD3 TIL or selectively Vγ9‐expressing γδ T cells by bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) to ovarian cancer cells. Our bsAbs efficiently enhance cytotoxicity of TIL and TAL against autologous HER‐2‐expressing ovarian cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Heinrich Oberg
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lisa Janitschke
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Vjola Sulaj
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jörg Weimer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, UKSH, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniel Gonnermann
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nina Hedemann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, UKSH, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Norbert Arnold
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, UKSH, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, UKSH, CAU Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Peipp
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, UKSH, CAU Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dirk Bauerschlag
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, UKSH, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniela Wesch
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Raverdeau M, Cunningham SP, Harmon C, Lynch L. γδ T cells in cancer: a small population of lymphocytes with big implications. Clin Transl Immunology 2019; 8:e01080. [PMID: 31624593 PMCID: PMC6787154 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells are a small population of mostly tissue‐resident lymphocytes, with both innate and adaptive properties. These unique features make them particularly attractive candidates for the development of new cellular therapy targeted against tumor development. Nevertheless, γδ T cells may play dual roles in cancer, promoting cancer development on the one hand, while participating in antitumor immunity on the other hand. In mice, γδ T‐cell subsets preferentially produce IL‐17 or IFN‐γ. While antitumor functions of murine γδ T cells can be attributed to IFN‐γ+ γδ T cells, recent studies have implicated IL‐17+ γδ T cells in tumor growth and metastasis. However, in humans, IL‐17‐producing γδ T cells are rare and most studies have attributed a protective role to γδ T cells against cancer. In this review, we will present the current knowledge and most recent findings on γδ T‐cell functions in mouse models of tumor development and human cancers. We will also discuss their potential as cellular immunotherapy against cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Raverdeau
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | | | - Cathal Harmon
- Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA.,Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA USA
| | - Lydia Lynch
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland.,Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA.,Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sebestyen Z, Prinz I, Déchanet-Merville J, Silva-Santos B, Kuball J. Translating gammadelta (γδ) T cells and their receptors into cancer cell therapies. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2019; 19:169-184. [PMID: 31492944 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-019-0038-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Clinical responses to checkpoint inhibitors used for cancer immunotherapy seemingly require the presence of αβT cells that recognize tumour neoantigens, and are therefore primarily restricted to tumours with high mutational load. Approaches that could address this limitation by engineering αβT cells, such as chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cells, are being investigated intensively, but these approaches have other issues, such as a scarcity of appropriate targets for CAR T cells in solid tumours. Consequently, there is renewed interest among translational researchers and commercial partners in the therapeutic use of γδT cells and their receptors. Overall, γδT cells display potent cytotoxicity, which usually does not depend on tumour-associated (neo)antigens, towards a large array of haematological and solid tumours, while preserving normal tissues. However, the precise mechanisms of tumour-specific γδT cells, as well as the mechanisms for self-recognition, remain poorly understood. In this Review, we discuss the challenges and opportunities for the clinical implementation of cancer immunotherapies based on γδT cells and their receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Sebestyen
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Centre for Individualized Infection Medicine (CiiM), Hannover, Germany
| | - Julie Déchanet-Merville
- ImmunoConcept, CNRS UMR 5164, Equipe Labelisee Ligue Contre le Cancer, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Bruno Silva-Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jurgen Kuball
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Haematology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Tawfik D, Groth C, Gundlach JP, Peipp M, Kabelitz D, Becker T, Oberg HH, Trauzold A, Wesch D. TRAIL-Receptor 4 Modulates γδ T Cell-Cytotoxicity Toward Cancer Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2044. [PMID: 31555275 PMCID: PMC6722211 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired immune evasion is one of the mechanisms that contributes to the dismal prognosis of cancer. Recently, we observed that different γδ T cell subsets as well as CD8+ αβ T cells infiltrate the pancreatic tissue. Interestingly, the abundance of γδ T cells was reported to have a positive prognostic impact on survival of cancer patients. Since γδ T cells utilize TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) for killing of tumor cells in addition to granzyme B and perforin, we investigated the role of the TRAIL-/TRAIL-R system in γδ T cell-cytotoxicity toward pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and other cancer cells. Coculture of the different cancer cells with γδ T cells resulted in a moderate lysis of tumor cells. The lysis of PDAC Colo357 cells was independent of TRAIL as it was not inhibited by the addition of neutralizing anti-TRAIL antibodies or TRAIL-R2-Fc fusion protein. In accordance, knockdown (KD) of death receptors TRAIL-R1 or TRAIL-R2 in Colo357 cells had no effect on γδ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. However, KD of decoy receptor TRAIL-R4, which robustly enhanced TRAIL-induced apoptosis, interestingly, almost completely abolished the γδ T cell-mediated lysis of these tumor cells. This effect was associated with a reduced secretion of granzyme B by γδ T cells and enhanced PGE2 production as a result of increased expression level of synthetase cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 by TRAIL-R4-KD cells. In contrast, knockin of TRAIL-R4 decreased COX-2 expression. Importantly, reduced release of granzyme B by γδ T cells cocultured with TRAIL-R4-KD cells was partially reverted by bispecific antibody [HER2xCD3] and led in consequence to enhanced lysis of tumor cells. Likewise, inhibition of COX-1 and/or COX-2 partially enhanced γδ T cell-mediated lysis of TRAIL-R4-KD cells. The combination of bispecific antibody and COX-inhibitor completely restored the lysis of TRAIL-R4-KD cells by γδ T cells. In conclusion, we uncovered an unexpected novel role of TRAIL-R4 in tumor cells. In contrast to its known pro-tumoral, anti-apoptotic function, TRAIL-R4 augments the anti-tumoral cytotoxic activity of γδ T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Tawfik
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christopher Groth
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Paul Gundlach
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, UKSH, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Peipp
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, UKSH, CAU Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, UKSH, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hans-Heinrich Oberg
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna Trauzold
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, UKSH, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniela Wesch
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Oberg HH, Peters C, Kabelitz D, Wesch D. Real-time cell analysis (RTCA) to measure killer cell activity against adherent tumor cells in vitro. Methods Enzymol 2019; 631:429-441. [PMID: 31948561 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The enhancement of immune responses against tumor cells is a main focus of cancer immunotherapy. Immunotherapeutic approaches comprise a broad range of clinical applications including adjuvant therapies, check point inhibitors, cellular therapies, oncolytic viruses or targeted biologics such as bispecific antibodies. The usage of bispecific antibodies is one promising approach to enhance cytotoxicity and to selectively target effector cells to tumor-associated antigens. Here, we discuss the real-time cell analysis system as a suitable in vitro method to determine the interaction of tumor cell with effector cells alone or within a heterogeneous mixture of immune cells in peripheral blood or within tumor-infiltrating cells. The determination of cytotoxic effector cell activity using the real-time cell analyzer is highly useful to monitor the dynamic cellular interplay over extended periods of time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Heinrich Oberg
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Peters
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Daniela Wesch
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Oberg HH, Wesch D, Kalyan S, Kabelitz D. Regulatory Interactions Between Neutrophils, Tumor Cells and T Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1690. [PMID: 31379875 PMCID: PMC6657370 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Apart from their activity in combating infections, neutrophils play an important role in regulating the tumor microenvironment. Neutrophils can directly kill (antibody-coated) cancer cells, and support other immune anti-tumoral strategies. On the other hand, neutrophils can also exert pro-tumorigenic activities via the production of factors which promote cancer growth, angiogenesis and metastasis formation. The balance of anti- and pro-cancer activity is influenced by the particularly delicate interplay that exists between neutrophils and T lymphocytes. In murine models, it has been reported that γδ T cells are a major source of IL-17 that drives the recruitment and pro-tumorigenic differentiation of neutrophils. This, however, contrasts with the well-studied anti-tumor activity of γδ T cells in experimental models and the anti-tumor activity of human γδ T cells. In this article, we first review the reciprocal interactions between neutrophils, tumor cells and T lymphocytes with a special focus on their interplay with γδ T cells, followed by the presentation of our own recent results. We have previously shown that zoledronic acid (ZOL)-activated neutrophils inhibit γδ T-cell proliferation due to the production of reactive oxygen species, arginase-1 and serine proteases. We now demonstrate that killing of ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells by freshly isolated resting human γδ T cells was reduced in the presence of neutrophils and even more pronounced so after activation of neutrophils with ZOL. In contrast, direct T-cell receptor-dependent activation by γδ T cell-specific pyrophosphate antigens or by bispecific antibodies enhanced the cytotoxic activity and cytokine/granzyme B production of resting human γδ T cells, thereby overriding the suppression by ZOL-activated neutrophils. Additionally, the coculture of purified neutrophils with autologous short-term expanded γδ T cells enhanced rather than inhibited γδ T-cell cytotoxicity against PDAC cells. Purified neutrophils alone also exerted a small but reproducible lysis of PDAC cells which was further enhanced in the presence of γδ T cells. The latter set-up was associated with improved granzyme B and IFN-γ release which was further increased in the presence of ZOL. Our present results demonstrate that the presence of neutrophils can enhance the killing capacity of activated γδ T cells. We discuss these results in the broader context of regulatory interactions between neutrophils and T lymphocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Heinrich Oberg
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniela Wesch
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Shirin Kalyan
- Clinical Research Development Laboratory, Department of Medicine, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Vitamin C promotes the proliferation and effector functions of human γδ T cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 17:462-473. [PMID: 31171862 PMCID: PMC7192840 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells are of interest as effector cells for cellular immunotherapy due to their HLA-non-restricted lysis of many different tumor cell types. Potential applications include the adoptive transfer of in vitro-expanded γδ T cells. Therefore, it is important to optimize the culture conditions to enable maximal proliferative and functional activity. Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) is an essential vitamin with multiple effects on immune cells. It is a cofactor for several enzymes, has antioxidant activity, and is an epigenetic modifier. Here, we investigated the effects of vitamin C (VC) and its more stable derivative, L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (pVC), on the proliferation and effector function of human γδ T cells stimulated with zoledronate (ZOL) or synthetic phosphoantigens (pAgs). VC and pVC did not increase γδ T-cell expansion within ZOL- or pAg-stimulated PBMCs, but increased the proliferation of purified γδ T cells and 14-day-expanded γδ T-cell lines in response to γδ T-cell-specific pAgs. VC reduced the apoptosis of γδ T cells during primary stimulation. While pVC did not prevent activation-induced death of pAg-restimulated γδ T cells, it enhanced the cell cycle progression and cellular expansion. Furthermore, VC and pVC enhanced cytokine production during primary activation, as well as upon pAg restimulation of 14-day-expanded γδ T cells. VC and pVC also increased the oxidative respiration and glycolysis of γδ T cells, but stimulus-dependent differences were observed. The modulatory activity of VC and pVC might help to increase the efficacy of γδ T-cell expansion for adoptive immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
45
|
Chinese‐German Cooperation Group Tumor Immunology: Another inspiring Meeting in Deidesheim. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:826-830. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201970065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
46
|
Alnaggar M, Xu Y, Li J, He J, Chen J, Li M, Wu Q, Lin L, Liang Y, Wang X, Li J, Hu Y, Chen Y, Xu K, Wu Y, Yin Z. Allogenic Vγ9Vδ2 T cell as new potential immunotherapy drug for solid tumor: a case study for cholangiocarcinoma. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:36. [PMID: 30736852 PMCID: PMC6368763 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0501-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly aggressive and fatal tumor. CCA occurs in the epithelial cells of bile ducts. Due to increasing incidences, CCA accounts for 3% of all gastrointestinal malignancies. In addition to comprehensive treatments for cancer, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, during the past few years, cellular immunotherapy has played an increasingly important role. As a result of our research, we have discovered the γδ T cell-based immunotherapy for CCA. CASE PRESENTATION A 30-year-old male ( https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ ID: NCT02425735) was diagnosed with recurrent mediastinal lymph node metastasis after liver transplantation because of Cholangiocarcinoma (stage IV). In the course of his therapy sessions, he only received allogenic γδ T cell immunotherapy from August, 2017 through February, 2018 (8 infusions in total). γδ T cells were expanded from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of healthy donor, and ~ 4 × 108 cells were adoptive transferred to the patient. CONCLUSION In the above case report of the Cholangiocarcinoma (stage IV) patient who had received liver transplantation and afterward was diagnosed with recurrent mediastinal lymph node metastasis, we clinically proved that allogenic γδ T cell treatment had no adverse effects. We observed that allogenic γδ T cell treatments positively regulated peripheral immune functions of the patient, depleted tumor activity, improved quality of life, and prolonged his life span. After 8 γδ T cell treatments, the size of lymph nodes was remarkably reduced with activity depletion. This clinical work suggested that allogenic γδ T cell immunotherapy could be developed into a promising therapy drug for CCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alnaggar
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute and The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, 601 W Ave Huangpu, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Fuda Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510665, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute and The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, 601 W Ave Huangpu, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxia Li
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute and The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, 601 W Ave Huangpu, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyi He
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute and The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, 601 W Ave Huangpu, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jibing Chen
- Department of Oncology, Fuda Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510665, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biological Treatment Center, Fuda Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510665, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Li
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute and The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, 601 W Ave Huangpu, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingling Wu
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute and The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, 601 W Ave Huangpu, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Lin
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute and The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, 601 W Ave Huangpu, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingqing Liang
- Department of Biological Treatment Center, Fuda Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510665, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Department of Biological Treatment Center, Fuda Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510665, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Li
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute and The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, 601 W Ave Huangpu, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Hu
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute and The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, 601 W Ave Huangpu, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute and The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, 601 W Ave Huangpu, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kecheng Xu
- Department of Oncology, Fuda Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510665, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Biological Treatment Center, Fuda Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510665, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yangzhe Wu
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute and The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, 601 W Ave Huangpu, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhinan Yin
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute and The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, 601 W Ave Huangpu, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Douguet L, Bod L, Labarthe L, Lengagne R, Kato M, Couillin I, Prévost-Blondel A. Inflammation drives nitric oxide synthase 2 expression by γδ T cells and affects the balance between melanoma and vitiligo associated melanoma. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1484979. [PMID: 30228955 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1484979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The high expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) by myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) is a key mechanism of immune evasion in cancer. Recently we reported that NOS2 is also expressed by γδ T cells in melanoma, contributing to their polarization towards a pro-tumor phenotype. The molecular mechanisms underlying regulation of NOS2 expression in tumor-induced γδ T cells remain unexplored. By using the model of mice transgenic for the ret oncogene (Ret mice) that develops a spontaneous metastatic melanoma, we evidence that interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 drive NOS2 expression in γδ T cells. Indeed, their in vivo neutralization lessens the γδ T cell capacity to produce not only NOS2, but also IL-17 involved in the recruitment of MDSCs at the primary tumor site. The treatment also delayed tumor cell dissemination and induced vitiligo in a significant proportion of Ret mice. Interestingly, Ret mice developing a less aggressive melanoma, characterized by the spontaneous development of a concomitant autoimmune vitiligo, exhibit a weaker concentration of inflammatory cytokines and a reduction of tumor infiltrating γδ T cells expressing NOS2, when compared to Ret mice without any signs of vitiligo. Overall our results support that the level of inflammation at the tumor site regulates NOS2 expression by γδ T cells and the development of vitiligo associated melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Douguet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Lloyd Bod
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Laura Labarthe
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Renée Lengagne
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Masashi Kato
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Armelle Prévost-Blondel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yu J, Ji HY, Liu AJ. Alcohol-soluble polysaccharide from Astragalus membranaceus: Preparation, characteristics and antitumor activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:2057-2064. [PMID: 30009907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The alcohol-soluble polysaccharide (ASP) was extracted from Astragalus membranaceus, and their preliminary structural characteristics and in vivo antitumor activity were investigated in this study. The contents of total sugar, protein and uronic acid in ASP was 92.04%, 0.51% and 1.42%, respectively. FTIR and IC results indicated that ASP (about 2.1 × 103 Da) was a neutral polysaccharide composed of arabinose, galactose, glucose and mannose (molar ratio: 1.00:0.98:3.01:1.52) with pyranose ring and α-type glycosidic linkages. Besides, ASP could significantly inhibit the growth of H22 heptoma cells in vivo via improving the levels of serum cytokines (TNF-α, IL-2 and IFN-γ) and activities of immune cells (macrophages, lymphocytes and NK cells), thereby inducing tumor cell apoptosis and attenuating their accessional damages. These results suggested that ASP may serve as a novel potential antitumor agent in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; QingYunTang Biotech (Beijing) Co., Ltd. Beijing 100176, China
| | - Hai-Yu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; QingYunTang Biotech (Beijing) Co., Ltd. Beijing 100176, China
| | - An-Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zhao Y, Lin L, Xiao Z, Li M, Wu X, Li W, Li X, Zhao Q, Wu Y, Zhang H, Yin J, Zhang L, Cho CH, Shen J. Protective Role of γδ T Cells in Different Pathogen Infections and Its Potential Clinical Application. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:5081634. [PMID: 30116753 PMCID: PMC6079409 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5081634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells, a subgroup of T cells based on the γδ TCR, when compared with conventional T cells (αβ T cells), make up a very small proportion of T cells. However, its various subgroups are widely distributed in different parts of the human body and are attractive effectors for infectious disease immunity. γδ T cells are activated and expanded by nonpeptidic antigens (P-Ags), major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, and lipids which are associated with different kinds of pathogen infections. Activation and proliferation of γδ T cells play a significant role in diverse infectious diseases induced by viruses, bacteria, and parasites and exert their potential effector function to effectively eliminate infection. It is well known that many types of infectious diseases are detrimental to human life and health and give rise to high incidence of illnesses and death rate all over the world. To date, there is no comprehensive understanding of the correlation between γδ T cells and infectious diseases. In this review, we will focus on the various subgroups of γδ T cells (mainly Vδ1 T cells and Vδ2 T cells) which can induce multiple immune responses or effective functions to fight against common pathogen infections, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Listeria monocytogenes, influenza viruses, HIV, EBV, and HBV. Hopefully, the gamma-delta T cell study will provide a novel effective way to treat infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanping Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Qijie Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanlin Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianhua Yin
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Chi Hin Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Juraske C, Wipa P, Morath A, Hidalgo JV, Hartl FA, Raute K, Oberg HH, Wesch D, Fisch P, Minguet S, Pongcharoen S, Schamel WW. Anti-CD3 Fab Fragments Enhance Tumor Killing by Human γδ T Cells Independent of Nck Recruitment to the γδ T Cell Antigen Receptor. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1579. [PMID: 30038626 PMCID: PMC6046647 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
T lymphocytes expressing the γδ T cell receptor (γδ TCR) can recognize antigens expressed by tumor cells and subsequently kill these cells. γδ T cells are indeed used in cancer immunotherapy clinical trials. The anti-CD3ε antibody UCHT1 enhanced the in vitro tumor killing activity of human γδ T cells by an unknown molecular mechanism. Here, we demonstrate that Fab fragments of UCHT1, which only bind monovalently to the γδ TCR, also enhanced tumor killing by expanded human Vγ9Vδ2 γδ T cells or pan-γδ T cells of the peripheral blood. The Fab fragments induced Nck recruitment to the γδ TCR, suggesting that they stabilized the γδ TCR in an active CD3ε conformation. However, blocking the Nck-CD3ε interaction in γδ T cells using the small molecule inhibitor AX-024 neither reduced the γδ T cells' natural nor the Fab-enhanced tumor killing activity. Likewise, Nck recruitment to CD3ε was not required for intracellular signaling, CD69 and CD25 up-regulation, or cytokine secretion by γδ T cells. Thus, the Nck-CD3ε interaction seems to be dispensable in γδ T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Juraske
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Piyamaporn Wipa
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Anna Morath
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jose Villacorta Hidalgo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,University Hospital "José de San Martin", University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Frederike A Hartl
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Raute
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Heinrich Oberg
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniela Wesch
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Paul Fisch
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susana Minguet
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sutatip Pongcharoen
- Division of Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.,Research Center for Academic Excellence in Petroleum, Petrochemical and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.,Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Wolfgang W Schamel
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|