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Gómez-de Frutos MC, Laso-García F, García-Suárez I, Piniella D, Otero-Ortega L, Alonso-López E, Pozo-Novoa J, Gallego-Ruiz R, Díaz-Gamero N, Fuentes B, Alonso de Leciñana M, Díez-Tejedor E, Ruiz-Ares G, Gutiérrez-Fernández M. The impact of experimental diabetes on intracerebral haemorrhage. A preclinical study. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116834. [PMID: 38815288 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Although diabetes mellitus negatively affects post-ischaemic stroke injury and recovery, its impact on intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the effect of experimental diabetes (ED) on ICH-induced injury and neurological impairment. Sprague-Dawley rats were induced with ED 2 weeks before ICH induction. Animals were randomly assigned to four groups: 1)Healthy; 2)ICH; 3)ED; 4)ED-ICH. ICH and ED-ICH groups showed similar functional assessment. The ED-ICH group exhibited significantly lower haemorrhage volume compared with the ICH group, except at 1 mo. The oedema/ICH volume ratio and cistern displacement ratio were significantly higher in the ED-ICH group. Vascular markers revealed greater expression of α-SMA in the ED groups (ED and ED-ICH) compared with ICH. Conversely, the ICH groups (ED-ICH and ICH) exhibited higher levels of VEGF compared to the healthy and ED groups. An assessment of myelin tract integrity showed an increase in fractional anisotropy in the ED and ED-ICH groups compared with ICH. The ED group showed higher cryomyelin expression than the ED-ICH and ICH groups. Additionally, the ED groups (ED and ED-ICH) displayed higher expression of MOG and Olig-2 than ICH. As for inflammation, MCP-1 levels were significantly lower in the ED-ICH groups compared with the ICH group. Notably, ED did not aggravate the neurological outcome; however, it results in greater ICH-related brain oedema, greater brain structure displacement and lower haemorrhage volume. ED influences the cerebral vascularisation with an increase in vascular thickness, limits the inflammatory response and attenuates the deleterious effect of ICH on white matter integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Carmen Gómez-de Frutos
- Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Group, Neuroscience Area, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research - IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain; Faculty HM Hospitals of Health Sciences, Universidad Camilo José Cela, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid 28692, Spain
| | - Fernando Laso-García
- Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Group, Neuroscience Area, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research - IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván García-Suárez
- Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Group, Neuroscience Area, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research - IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain; Department of Emergency Service, San Agustín University Hospital, Asturias, Spain
| | - Dolores Piniella
- Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Group, Neuroscience Area, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research - IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid 28691, Spain
| | - Laura Otero-Ortega
- Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Group, Neuroscience Area, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research - IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Alonso-López
- Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Group, Neuroscience Area, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research - IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Pozo-Novoa
- Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Group, Neuroscience Area, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research - IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Gallego-Ruiz
- Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Group, Neuroscience Area, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research - IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Díaz-Gamero
- Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Group, Neuroscience Area, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research - IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Fuentes
- Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Group, Neuroscience Area, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research - IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Alonso de Leciñana
- Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Group, Neuroscience Area, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research - IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Exuperio Díez-Tejedor
- Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Group, Neuroscience Area, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research - IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerardo Ruiz-Ares
- Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Group, Neuroscience Area, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research - IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Gutiérrez-Fernández
- Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Group, Neuroscience Area, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research - IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain.
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Takahashi Y, Munemasa T, Nodai T, Mukaibo T, Kondo Y, Masaki C, Hosokawa R. Application of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody restores the function of saliva secretion in a type 2 diabetes mouse model. J Oral Biosci 2024:S1349-0079(24)00148-8. [PMID: 38944342 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Xerostomia, a common complication of type 2 diabetes, leads to an increased risk of caries, dysphagia, and dysgeusia. Although anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibodies, such as ranibizumab (RBZ), have been used to treat diabetic retinopathy, their effects on the salivary glands are unknown. This study evaluated the effects of RBZ on salivary glands to reduce inflammation and restore salivary function in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. METHODS Male KK-Ay mice with type 2 diabetes (10-12 weeks old) were used. The diabetes mellitus (DM) group received phosphate-buffered saline, while the DM + RBZ group received an intraperitoneal administration of RBZ (100 μg/kg) 24 h before the experiment. RESULTS Ex vivo perfusion experiments showed a substantial increase in salivary secretion from the submandibular gland (SMG) in the DM + RBZ group. In addition, the mRNA expression levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were considerably lower in this group. In contrast, those of aquaporin 5 were substantially higher in the DM + RBZ group, as revealed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Furthermore, the number of lymphocyte infiltration spots in the SMG was notably lower in the DM + RBZ group. Finally, intracellular Ca2+ signaling in acinar cells was considerably higher in the DM + RBZ group than that in the DM group. CONCLUSION Treating a type 2 diabetic mouse model with RBZ restored salivary secretion through its anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takahashi
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
| | - Takashi Munemasa
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan.
| | - Tomotaka Nodai
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
| | - Taro Mukaibo
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kondo
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
| | - Chihiro Masaki
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
| | - Ryuji Hosokawa
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
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Chu T, Yu R, Gu Y, Wang Y, Chang H, Li Y, Li J, Bian Y. Kaempferol protects gut-vascular barrier from high glucose-induced disorder via NF-κB pathway. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 123:109496. [PMID: 37871766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Kaempferol is a natural edible flavonoid reported to treat high-fat diet-induced intestinal inflammation; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This research aims to investigate the protective effect of kaempferol on the gut-vascular barrier (GVB) induced by high glucose and elucidate the underlying mechanism. Evans blue albumin efflux assay was used to test endothelial cell permeability. The results showed that kaempferol (50 μM) significantly reversed the high glucose-induced monolayer barrier permeability of rat intestinal microvascular endothelial cells (RIMVECs), while kaempferol significantly alleviated the high glucose-induced rarefication of the tight junction protein Claudin-5. Moreover, kaempferol also reduced high glucose-induced angiogenesis and cell migration via inhibiting the VEGFR2/p38 pathway. Kaempferol also protected against high glucose-induced overproduction of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 by inhibiting NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation. In addition, kaempferol had similar effects to the NF-κB inhibitor SN50 in reducing high glucose-induced ICAM-1 expression and endothelial barrier permeabilization. Our findings in part reveal the pathological mechanism of hyperglycemia-related gastrointestinal diseases and underlie the molecular mechanism of kaempferol in inhibiting bowel inflammation from a novel perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Chu
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, PR China
| | - Ruyang Yu
- Division of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yinping Gu
- Division of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yuman Wang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, PR China
| | - Hongyuan Chang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, PR China
| | - Yaying Li
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, PR China.
| | - Yifei Bian
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, PR China.
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Robillard S, Trân K, Lachance MS, Brazeau T, Boisvert E, Lizotte F, Auger-Messier M, Boudreault PL, Marsault É, Geraldes P. Apelin prevents diabetes-induced poor collateral vessel formation and blood flow reperfusion in ischemic limb. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1191891. [PMID: 37636297 PMCID: PMC10450936 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1191891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a major risk factor for lower-extremity amputation in diabetic patients. Unfortunately, previous clinical studies investigating therapeutic angiogenesis using the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have shown disappointing results in diabetic patients, which evokes the necessity for novel therapeutic agents. The apelinergic system (APJ receptor/apelin) is highly upregulated under hypoxic condition and acts as an activator of angiogenesis. Apelin treatment improves revascularization in nondiabetic models of ischemia, however, its role on angiogenesis in diabetic conditions remains poorly investigated. This study explored the impact of Pyr-apelin-13 in endothelial cell function and diabetic mouse model of hindlimb ischemia. Methods Nondiabetic and diabetic mice underwent femoral artery ligation to induce limb ischemia. Diabetic mice were implanted subcutaneously with osmotic pumps delivering Pyr-apelin-13 for 28 days. Blood flow reperfusion was measured for 4 weeks post-surgery and exercise willingness was assessed with voluntary wheels. In vitro, bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) were exposed to normal (NG) or high glucose (HG) levels and hypoxia. Cell migration, proliferation and tube formation assays were performed following either VEGF or Pyr-apelin-13 stimulation. Results and Discussion Following limb ischemia, blood flow reperfusion, functional recovery of the limb and vascular density were improved in diabetic mice receiving Pyr-apelin-13 compared to untreated diabetic mice. In cultured BAECs, exposure to HG concentrations and hypoxia reduced VEGF proangiogenic actions, whereas apelin proangiogenic effects remained unaltered. Pyr-apelin-13 induced its proangiogenic actions through Akt/AMPK/eNOS and RhoA/ROCK signaling pathways under both NG or HG concentrations and hypoxia exposure. Our results identified the apelinergic system as a potential therapeutic target for angiogenic therapy in diabetic patients with PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Robillard
- Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Kien Trân
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Sophie Lachance
- Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Tristan Brazeau
- Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Boisvert
- Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Farah Lizotte
- Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Mannix Auger-Messier
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre-Luc Boudreault
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Éric Marsault
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Pedro Geraldes
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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The Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitor Empagliflozin Reverses Hyperglycemia-Induced Monocyte and Endothelial Dysfunction Primarily through Glucose Transport-Independent but Redox-Dependent Mechanisms. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041356. [PMID: 36835891 PMCID: PMC9962711 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative stress and inflammation contribute to vascular cell dysfunction and subsequent cardiovascular events in T2DM. Selective sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor empagliflozin significantly improves cardiovascular mortality in T2DM patients (EMPA-REG trial). Since SGLT-2 is known to be expressed on cells other than the kidney cells, we investigated the potential ability of empagliflozin to regulate glucose transport and alleviate hyperglycaemia-induced dysfunction of these cells. METHODS Primary human monocytes were isolated from the peripheral blood of T2DM patients and healthy individuals. Primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and primary human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs), and fetoplacental endothelial cells (HPECs) were used as the EC model cells. Cells were exposed to hyperglycaemic conditions in vitro in 40 ng/mL or 100 ng/mL empagliflozin. The expression levels of the relevant molecules were analysed by RT-qPCR and confirmed by FACS. Glucose uptake assays were carried out with a fluorescent derivative of glucose, 2-NBDG. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation was measured using the H2DFFDA method. Monocyte and endothelial cell chemotaxis were measured using modified Boyden chamber assays. RESULTS Both primary human monocytes and endothelial cells express SGLT-2. Hyperglycaemic conditions did not significantly alter the SGLT-2 levels in monocytes and ECs in vitro or in T2DM conditions. Glucose uptake assays carried out in the presence of GLUT inhibitors revealed that SGLT-2 inhibition very mildly, but not significantly, suppressed glucose uptake by monocytes and endothelial cells. However, we detected the significant suppression of hyperglycaemia-induced ROS accumulation in monocytes and ECs when empagliflozin was used to inhibit SGLT-2 function. Hyperglycaemic monocytes and endothelial cells readily exhibited impaired chemotaxis behaviour. The co-treatment with empagliflozin reversed the PlGF-1 resistance phenotype of hyperglycaemic monocytes. Similarly, the blunted VEGF-A responses of hyperglycaemic ECs were also restored by empagliflozin, which could be attributed to the restoration of the VEGFR-2 receptor levels on the EC surface. The induction of oxidative stress completely recapitulated most of the aberrant phenotypes exhibited by hyperglycaemic monocytes and endothelial cells, and a general antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) was able to mimic the effects of empagliflozin. CONCLUSIONS This study provides data indicating the beneficial role of empagliflozin in reversing hyperglycaemia-induced vascular cell dysfunction. Even though both monocytes and endothelial cells express functional SGLT-2, SGLT-2 is not the primary glucose transporter in these cells. Therefore, it seems likely that empagliflozin does not directly prevent hyperglycaemia-mediated enhanced glucotoxicity in these cells by inhibiting glucose uptake. We identified the reduction of oxidative stress by empagliflozin as a primary reason for the improved function of monocytes and endothelial cells in hyperglycaemic conditions. In conclusion, empagliflozin reverses vascular cell dysfunction independent of glucose transport but could partially contribute to its beneficial cardiovascular effects.
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Čater M, Bombek LK. Protective Role of Mitochondrial Uncoupling Proteins against Age-Related Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081473. [PMID: 36009191 PMCID: PMC9404801 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of oxidative damage to DNA and other biomolecules plays an important role in the etiology of aging and age-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), atherosclerosis, and neurodegenerative disorders. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is especially sensitive to oxidative stress. Mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from the accumulation of mtDNA damage impairs normal cellular function and leads to a bioenergetic crisis that accelerates aging and associated diseases. Age-related mitochondrial dysfunction decreases ATP production, which directly affects insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells and triggers the gradual development of the chronic metabolic dysfunction that characterizes T2D. At the same time, decreased glucose oxidation in skeletal muscle due to mitochondrial damage leads to prolonged postprandial blood glucose rise, which further worsens glucose homeostasis. ROS are not only highly reactive by-products of mitochondrial respiration capable of oxidizing DNA, proteins, and lipids but can also function as signaling and effector molecules in cell membranes mediating signal transduction and inflammation. Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs) located in the inner mitochondrial membrane of various tissues can be activated by ROS to protect cells from mitochondrial damage. Mitochondrial UCPs facilitate the reflux of protons from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the matrix, thereby dissipating the proton gradient required for oxidative phosphorylation. There are five known isoforms (UCP1-UCP5) of mitochondrial UCPs. UCP1 can indirectly reduce ROS formation by increasing glutathione levels, thermogenesis, and energy expenditure. In contrast, UCP2 and UCP3 regulate fatty acid metabolism and insulin secretion by beta cells and modulate insulin sensitivity. Understanding the functions of UCPs may play a critical role in developing pharmacological strategies to combat T2D. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the protective role of various UCP homologs against age-related oxidative stress in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maša Čater
- Correspondence: (M.Č.); (L.K.B.); Tel.: +386-2-2345-847 (L.K.B.)
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Microplasma Treatment versus Negative Pressure Therapy for Promoting Wound Healing in Diabetic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910266. [PMID: 34638608 PMCID: PMC8508803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The delayed healing response of diabetic wounds is a major challenge for treatment. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has been widely used to treat chronic wounds. However, it usually requires a long treatment time and results in directional growth of wound healing skin tissue. We investigated whether nonthermal microplasma (MP) treatment can promote the healing of skin wounds in diabetic mice. Splint excision wounds were created on diabetic mice, and various wound healing parameters were compared among MP treatment, NPWT, and control groups. Quantitative analysis of the re-epithelialization percentage by detecting Ki67 and DSG1 expression in the extending epidermal tongue (EET) of the wound area and the epidermal proliferation index (EPI) was subsequently performed. Both treatments promoted wound healing by enhancing wound closure kinetics and wound bed blood flow; this was confirmed through histological analysis and optical coherence tomography. Both treatments also increased Ki67 and DSG1 expression in the EET of the wound area and the EPI to enhance re-epithelialization. Increased Smad2/3/4 mRNA expression was observed in the epidermis layer of wounds, particularly after MP treatment. The results suggest that the Smad-dependent transforming growth factor β signaling contributes to the enhancement of re-epithelialization after MP treatment with an appropriate exposure time. Overall, a short-term MP treatment (applied for 30 s twice a day) demonstrated comparable or better efficacy to conventional NPWT (applied for 4 h once a day) in promoting wound healing in diabetic mice. Thus, MP treatment exhibits promise for treating diabetic wounds clinically.
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Tamara A, Coulson DJ, Latief JS, Bakhashab S, Weaver JU. Upregulated anti-angiogenic miR-424-5p in type 1 diabetes (model of subclinical cardiovascular disease) correlates with endothelial progenitor cells, CXCR1/2 and other parameters of vascular health. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:249. [PMID: 33985567 PMCID: PMC8120744 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02332-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In spite of clinical progress, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the predominant cause of mortality worldwide. Overexpression studies in animals have proven miR-424-5p to have anti-angiogenic properties. As type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) without CVD displays endothelial dysfunction and reduced circulating endothelial progenitor cells (cEPCs), it offers a model of subclinical CVD. Therefore, we explored miR-424-5p, cytokines and vascular health in T1DM. Methods Twenty-nine well-controlled T1DM patients with no CVD and 20-matched controls were studied. Cytokines IL8, TNF-α, IL7, VEGF-C, cEPCs/CD45dimCD34+CD133+ cells and ex-vivo proangiogenic cells (PACs)/fibronectin adhesion assay (FAA) were measured. MiR-424-5p in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) along with mRNAs in PBMC was evaluated. Results We found an elevation of IL7 (p = 0.008), IL8 (p = 0.003), TNF-α (p = 0.041), VEGF-C (p = 0.013), upregulation of mRNA CXCR1 (p = 0.009), CXCR2 (p < 0.001) and reduction of cEPCs (p < 0.001), PACs (p < 0.001) and FAA (p = 0.017) in T1DM. MiR-424-5p was upregulated in T1DM in PBMC (p < 0.001). MiR-424-5p was negatively correlated with cEPCs (p = 0.006), PACs (p = 0.005) and FAA (p < 0.001) and positively with HbA1c (p < 0.001), IL7 (p = 0.008), IL8 (p = 0.017), VEGF-C (p = 0.007), CXCR1 (p = 0.02) and CXCR2 (p = 0.001). ROC curve analyses showed (1) miR-424-5p to be a biomarker for T1DM (p < 0.001) and (2) significant upregulation of miR-424-5p, defining subclinical CVD, occurred at HbA1c of 46.5 mmol/mol (p = 0.002). Conclusion We validated animal research on anti-angiogenic properties of miR-424-5p in T1DM. MiR-424-5p may be a biomarker for onset of subclinical CVD at HbA1c of 46.5 mmol/mol (pre-diabetes). Thus, miR-424-5p has potential use for CVD monitoring whilst anti-miR-424-5p-based therapies may be used to reduce CVD morbidity/mortality in T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Tamara
- Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - David J Coulson
- Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Jevi Septyani Latief
- Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Sherin Bakhashab
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 80218, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jolanta U Weaver
- Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK. .,Department of Diabetes, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE9 6SH, UK. .,Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
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Aljabali AAA, Al-Trad B, Gazo LA, Alomari G, Al Zoubi M, Alshaer W, Al-Batayneh K, Kanan B, Pal K, Tambuwala MM. Gold Nanoparticles Ameliorate Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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10
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Sabzevari Rad R, Shirvani H, Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini H, Shamsoddini A, Samadi M. Micro RNA-126 promoting angiogenesis in diabetic heart by VEGF/Spred-1/Raf-1 pathway: effects of high-intensity interval training. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 19:1089-1096. [PMID: 33520826 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00610-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on gene expression of MicroRNA-126 (miR-126) and serum concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor/ sprouty related EVH1 domain containing 1/ rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma 1 (VEGF/Spred-1/Raf-1) proteins effective in cardiac tissue angiogenesis of diabetic rats. Methods Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of healthy control (HC), diabetic control (DC), diabetic with HIIT training (DT), and healthy with HIIT training (HT). HIIT was performed 6 days per week for 6 weeks (with the overload). Diabetes was induced via the combination of intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and high-fat foods. Results Diabetes remarkably diminished the expressions of miR-126, VEGF and Raf-1 proteins, and augmented Spred-1 expression. Meanwhile, the implementation of HIIT gave rise to a significant enhancement in expression of miR-126 heart tissue (P < 0.01), and subsequently increased the expression of VEGF and Raf-1 proteins (P < 0.01), and declined Spred-1 expression (P < 0.01) in the training group compared to the control group. Conclusion The results of this study show that HIIT increases the expression of miR-126 by activating the angiogenesis pathway of the heart tissue. Increased angiogenesis through the miR-126 pathway is vital to compensate for heart destruction induced by diabetes. Thus, the use of standard interval exercise can be introduced as a novel therapeutic target for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Sabzevari Rad
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Shirvani
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamideh Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Shamsoddini
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Samadi
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Pepin ME, Schiano C, Miceli M, Benincasa G, Mansueto G, Grimaldi V, Soricelli A, Wende AR, Napoli C. The human aortic endothelium undergoes dose-dependent DNA methylation in response to transient hyperglycemia. Exp Cell Res 2021; 400:112485. [PMID: 33515594 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycemic control is a strong predictor of long-term cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes mellitus, and poor glycemic control influences long-term risk of cardiovascular disease even decades after optimal medical management. This phenomenon, termed glycemic memory, has been proposed to occur due to stable programs of cardiac and endothelial cell gene expression. This transcriptional remodeling has been shown to occur in the vascular endothelium through a yet undefined mechanism of cellular reprogramming. METHODS In the current study, we quantified genome-wide DNA methylation of cultured human endothelial aortic cells (HAECs) via reduced-representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) following exposure to diabetic (250 mg/dL), pre-diabetic (125 mg/dL), or euglycemic (100 mg/dL) glucose concentrations for 72 h (n = 2). RESULTS We discovered glucose-dependent methylation of genomic regions (DMRs) encompassing 2199 genes, with a disproportionate number found among genes associated with angiogenesis and nitric oxide (NO) signaling-related pathways. Multi-omics analysis revealed differential methylation and gene expression of VEGF (↑5.6% DMR, ↑3.6-fold expression), and NOS3 (↓20.3% DMR, ↓1.6-fold expression), nodal regulators of angiogenesis and NO signaling, respectively. CONCLUSION In the current exploratory study, we examine glucose-dependent and dose-responsive alterations in endothelial DNA methylation to examine a putative epigenetic mechanism underlying diabetic vasculopathy. Specifically, we uncover the disproportionate glucose-dependent methylation and gene expression of VEGF and NO signaling cascades, a physiologic imbalance known to cause endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. We therefore hypothesize that epigenetic mechanisms encode a glycemic memory within endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Pepin
- Dept. of Pathology, Division of Molecular & Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA; Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA; Institüt für Experimentelle Kardiologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Concetta Schiano
- Dept. of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), Università Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", P.za Miraglia, 2 - 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Marco Miceli
- IRCCS SDN, Via E. Gianturco, 113 - 80143, Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuditta Benincasa
- Dept. of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), Università Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", P.za Miraglia, 2 - 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Gelsomina Mansueto
- Dept. of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), Università Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", P.za Miraglia, 2 - 80138, Naples, Italy; Clinical Dept. of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Units, Università Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", P.za Miraglia, 2 - 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Grimaldi
- Dept. of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), Università Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", P.za Miraglia, 2 - 80138, Naples, Italy; IRCCS SDN, Via E. Gianturco, 113 - 80143, Naples, Italy.
| | - Andrea Soricelli
- IRCCS SDN, Via E. Gianturco, 113 - 80143, Naples, Italy; Dept of Exercise and Wellness Sciences, University of Naples Parthenope, Via Ammiraglio Ferdinando Acton, 38 - 80133 Naples, Italy.
| | - Adam R Wende
- Dept. of Pathology, Division of Molecular & Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA; Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA.
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Dept. of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), Università Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", P.za Miraglia, 2 - 80138, Naples, Italy; IRCCS SDN, Via E. Gianturco, 113 - 80143, Naples, Italy; Clinical Dept. of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Units, Università Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", P.za Miraglia, 2 - 80138, Naples, Italy.
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12
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Dariushnejad H, Chodari L, Ghorbanzadeh V. The Combination Effect of Voluntary Exercise and Crocin on Angiogenic miRNAs in High-Fat Diet/Low-Dose STZ-Induced Type2 Diabetes in Rats: miR-126 and miR-210. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.34172/ps.2020.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: As one of the major complications of diabetes, cardiovascular disease might result in early death in people with diabetes. miR-126 and 210 expressions undergo alterations in cardiac disease and cause heart failure. Methods: Animals were divided into the 5 groups of control (Con), diabetes (Dia), diabeticcrocin (Dia-Cro), diabetic-voluntary exercise (Dia-Exe), and diabetic-crocin-voluntary exercise (Dia-Cro-Exe). Type 2 diabetes was induced by the use of a high-fat diet (4 weeks) and injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (i.p, 35 mg/kg). Animals received crocin orally (50 mg/kg), and voluntary exercise was performed alone or together for 8 weeks. QRT–PCR method was used to determine the levels of miR-210 and miR-126 in cardiac tissue. Results: The levels of miR-210 and miR-126 in the cardiac tissue augmented in both the crocin and voluntary exercise groups in comparison with the non-treated group (p<0.001). The use of combination therapy with exercise and crocin magnified their effects on miR-210 and miR-126 levels (p<0.001). Moreover, MiR-210 levels were lower in the crocin group compared to the exercise group (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results indicated that voluntary exercise combined with crocin might provide a novel therapeutic plan for cardiovascular disease through increasing miR-210 and miR-126 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Dariushnejad
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Leila Chodari
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Medical Physiology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Vajihe Ghorbanzadeh
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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13
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Luo YF, Wan XX, Zhao LL, Guo Z, Shen RT, Zeng PY, Wang LH, Yuan JJ, Yang WJ, Yue C, Mo ZH. MicroRNA-139-5p upregulation is associated with diabetic endothelial cell dysfunction by targeting c-jun. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:1186-1211. [PMID: 33293476 PMCID: PMC7835005 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of endothelial cells (ECs) and their progenitor cells is an important feature of diabetic vascular disease. MicroRNA (miR)-139-5p is involved in inhibiting the metastasis and progression of diverse malignancies. However, the role of miR-139-5p in ECs still remains unclarified. Here we demonstrated that miR-139-5p expression was elevated in endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) isolated from patients with diabetes, ECs derived from the aorta of diabetic rodents, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured in high glucose media. MiR-139-5p mimics inhibited tube formation, migration, proliferation, and down-regulated expression of c-jun, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B, in ECFCs and HUVECs, respectively; moreover, miR-139-5p inhibitors reversed the tendency. Further, gain- and-loss function experiments and ChIP assay indicated that miR-139-5p regulate functions of ECFCs by targeting c-jun-VEGF/PDGF-B pathway. In vivo experiments (Matrigel plug assay and hindlimb ischemia model) showed that miR-139-5p downregulation further promoted ECFC-mediated angiogenesis and blood perfusion. In conclusion, diabetes-mediated high miR-139-5p expression inhibits the c-jun-VEGF/PDGF-B pathway, thus decreasing ECFCs migration, tube formation and proliferation, which subsequently reduces ECs survival. Therefore, miR-139-5p might be an important therapeutic target in the treatment of diabetic vasculopathy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fang Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and Diabetic Foot Research Center of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xin-Xing Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and Diabetic Foot Research Center of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Li-Ling Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and Diabetic Foot Research Center of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zi Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and Diabetic Foot Research Center of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Rui-Ting Shen
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Ping-Yu Zeng
- Center of Experimental Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ling-Hao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and Diabetic Foot Research Center of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jing-Jing Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and Diabetic Foot Research Center of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wen-Jun Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and Diabetic Foot Research Center of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chun Yue
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and Diabetic Foot Research Center of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Mo
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and Diabetic Foot Research Center of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
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Paul S, Ali A, Katare R. Molecular complexities underlying the vascular complications of diabetes mellitus - A comprehensive review. J Diabetes Complications 2020; 34:107613. [PMID: 32505477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic disease, characterized by hyperglycemia, which refers to the elevated levels of glucose in the blood, due to the inability of the body to produce or use insulin effectively. Chronic hyperglycemia levels lead to macrovascular and microvascular complications. The macrovascular complications consist of peripheral artery disease (PAD), cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cerebrovascular diseases, while the microvascular complications comprise of diabetic microangiopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy and diabetic neuropathy. Vascular endothelial dysfunction plays a crucial role in mediating both macrovascular and microvascular complications under hyperglycemic conditions. In diabetic microvasculature, the intracellular hyperglycemia causes damage to the vascular endothelium through - (i) activation of four biochemical pathways, namely the Polyol pathway, protein kinase C (PKC) pathway, advanced glycation end products (AGE) pathway and hexosamine pathway, all of which commutes glucose and its intermediates leading to overproduction of reactive oxygen species, (ii) dysregulation of growth factors and cytokines, (iii) epigenetic changes which concern the changes in DNA as a response to intracellular changes, and (iv) abnormalities in non-coding RNAs, specifically microRNAs. This review will focus on gaining an understanding of the molecular complexities underlying the vascular complications in diabetes mellitus, to increase our understanding towards the development of new mechanistic therapeutic strategies to prevent or treat diabetes-induced vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Paul
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Azam Ali
- Centre for Bioengineering and Nanomedicine (Dunedin), University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rajesh Katare
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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15
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Does Diabetes Induce the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Expression in Periodontal Tissues? A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17082765. [PMID: 32316357 PMCID: PMC7215273 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Diabetes and periodontal disease are both chronic pathological conditions linked by several underlying biological mechanisms, in which the inflammatory response plays a critical role, and their association has been largely recognized. Recently, attention has been given to diabetes as an important mediator of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) overexpression in periodontal tissues, by virtue of its ability to affect microvasculature. This review aims to summarize the findings from studies that explored VEGF expression in diabetic patients with periodontitis, compared to periodontally healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature review was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A PubMed search of select medical subject heading (MeSH) terms was carried out to identify all studies reporting findings about VEGF expression in periodontal tissues of diabetic patients up to May 2018. The inclusion criteria were studies on VEGF expression in periodontally diseased tissues of diabetic patients compared with nondiabetic subjects, with any method of analysis, and published in the English language. Results: Eight articles met the inclusion criteria. Immunohistochemistry was used in six of the studies, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) aiming to quantify mRNA VEGF expression was used in one study, and ELISA analysis was used for one study. Compared with nondiabetic patients, a higher VEGF expression in gingival tissue and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples in diabetic patients with periodontitis was reported. Conclusions: Overall, novel evidence for the VEGF expression within the periodontal tissue of diabetic patients paves the way for further studies on the role of this protein in neovascularization physiology and pathophysiology in microvasculature of the periodontium.
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16
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Makrecka‐Kuka M, Liepinsh E, Murray AJ, Lemieux H, Dambrova M, Tepp K, Puurand M, Käämbre T, Han WH, Goede P, O'Brien KA, Turan B, Tuncay E, Olgar Y, Rolo AP, Palmeira CM, Boardman NT, Wüst RCI, Larsen TS. Altered mitochondrial metabolism in the insulin-resistant heart. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13430. [PMID: 31840389 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-induced insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus can ultimately result in various complications, including diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this case, cardiac dysfunction is characterized by metabolic disturbances such as impaired glucose oxidation and an increased reliance on fatty acid (FA) oxidation. Mitochondrial dysfunction has often been associated with the altered metabolic function in the diabetic heart, and may result from FA-induced lipotoxicity and uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. In this review, we address the metabolic changes in the diabetic heart, focusing on the loss of metabolic flexibility and cardiac mitochondrial function. We consider the alterations observed in mitochondrial substrate utilization, bioenergetics and dynamics, and highlight new areas of research which may improve our understanding of the cause and effect of cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetes. Finally, we explore how lifestyle (nutrition and exercise) and pharmacological interventions can prevent and treat metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew J. Murray
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Hélène Lemieux
- Department of Medicine Faculty Saint‐Jean, Women and Children's Health Research Institute University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | | | - Kersti Tepp
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics Tallinn Estonia
| | - Marju Puurand
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics Tallinn Estonia
| | - Tuuli Käämbre
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics Tallinn Estonia
| | - Woo H. Han
- Faculty Saint‐Jean University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Paul Goede
- Laboratory of Endocrinology Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism Amsterdam University Medical Center University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Katie A. O'Brien
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Belma Turan
- Laboratory of Endocrinology Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism Amsterdam University Medical Center University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Erkan Tuncay
- Department of Biophysics Faculty of Medicine Ankara University Ankara Turkey
| | - Yusuf Olgar
- Department of Biophysics Faculty of Medicine Ankara University Ankara Turkey
| | - Anabela P. Rolo
- Department of Life Sciences University of Coimbra and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Carlos M. Palmeira
- Department of Life Sciences University of Coimbra and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Neoma T. Boardman
- Cardiovascular Research Group Department of Medical Biology UiT the Arctic University of Norway Tromso Norway
| | - Rob C. I. Wüst
- Laboratory for Myology Department of Human Movement Sciences Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences Amsterdam Movement Sciences Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Terje S. Larsen
- Cardiovascular Research Group Department of Medical Biology UiT the Arctic University of Norway Tromso Norway
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The Active Compounds of Yixin Ningshen Tablet and Their Potential Action Mechanism in Treating Coronary Heart Disease- A Network Pharmacology and Proteomics Approach. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:4912395. [PMID: 32419806 PMCID: PMC7204378 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4912395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Yixin Ningshen tablet is a CFDA-approved TCM formula for treating coronary heart disease (CHD) clinically. However, its active compounds and mechanism of action in treating CHD are unknown. In this study, a novel strategy with the combination of network pharmacology and proteomics was proposed to identify the active components of Yixin Ningshen tablet and the mechanism by which they treat CHD. With the application of network pharmacology, 62 active compounds in Yixin Ningshen tablet were screened out by text mining, and their 313 potential target proteins were identified by a tool in SwissTargetPrediction. These data were integrated with known CHD-related proteomics results to predict the most possible targets, which reduced the 313 potential target proteins to 218. The STRING database was retrieved to find the enriched pathways and related diseases of these target proteins, which indicated that the Calcium, MAPK, PI3K-Akt, cAMP, Rap1, AGE-RAGE, Relaxin, HIF-1, Prolactin, Sphingolipid, Estrogen, IL-17, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, necroptosis, arachidonic acid metabolism, insulin resistance, endocrine resistance, and steroid hormone biosynthesis might be the main pathways regulated by Yixin Ningshen tablet for the treatment of CHD. Through further enrichment analysis and literature study, EGFR, ERBB2, VGFR2, FGF1, ESR1, LOX15, PGH2, HMDH, ADRB1, and ADRB2 were selected and then validated to be the target proteins of Yixin Ningshen tablet by molecular docking, which indicated that Yixin Ningshen tablet might treat CHD mainly through promoting heart regeneration, new vessels' formation, and the blood supply of the myocardial region and reducing cardiac output, oxygen demand, and inflammation as well as arteriosclerosis (promoting vasodilation and intraplaque neoangiogenesis, lowering blood lipid). This study is expected to benefit the clinical application of Yixin Ningshen tablet for the treatment of CHD.
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Hemling P, Zibrova D, Strutz J, Sohrabi Y, Desoye G, Schulten H, Findeisen H, Heller R, Godfrey R, Waltenberger J. Hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction is alleviated by thioredoxin mimetic peptides through the restoration of VEGFR-2-induced responses and improved cell survival. Int J Cardiol 2019; 308:73-81. [PMID: 31955977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is an important cardiovascular risk factor characterized by elevated plasma glucose levels. High glucose (HG) negatively influences endothelial cell (EC) function, which is characterized by the inability of ECs to respond to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) stimulation. We aimed to identify potential strategies to improve EC function in diabetes. METHODS AND RESULTS Human umbilical cord endothelial cells (HUVECs) were subjected to hyperglycemic milieu by exposing cells to HG together with glucose metabolite, methylglyoxal (MG) in vitro. Hyperglycemic cells showed reduced chemotactic responses towards VEGF-A as revealed by Boyden chamber migration assays, indicating the development of "VEGF resistance" phenotype. Furthermore, HG/MG-exposed cells were defective in their general migratory and proliferative responses and were in a pro-apoptotic state. Mechanistically, the exposure to HG/MG resulted in reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation which is secondary to the impairment of thioredoxin (Trx) activity in these cells. Pharmacological and genetic targeting of Trx recapitulated VEGF resistance. Functional supplementation of Trx using thioredoxin mimetic peptides (TMP) reversed the HG/MG-induced ROS generation, improved the migration, proliferation, survival and restored VEGF-A-induced chemotaxis and sprouting angiogenesis of hyperglycemic ECs. Importantly, TMP treatment reduced ROS accumulation and improved VEGF-A responses of placental arterial endothelial cells isolated from gestational diabetes mellitus patients. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a putative role for Trx in modulating EC function and its functional impairment in HG conditions contribute to EC dysfunction. Supplementation of TMP could be used as a novel strategy to improve endothelial cell function in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Hemling
- Experimental and Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany; Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Darya Zibrova
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Jasmin Strutz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Yahya Sohrabi
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Gernot Desoye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Henny Schulten
- Experimental and Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Hannes Findeisen
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Regine Heller
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Rinesh Godfrey
- Experimental and Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany; Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Johannes Waltenberger
- Experimental and Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I, SRH Central Hospial, Suhl, Germany.
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Fadini GP, Albiero M, Bonora BM, Avogaro A. Angiogenic Abnormalities in Diabetes Mellitus: Mechanistic and Clinical Aspects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:5431-5444. [PMID: 31211371 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Diabetes causes severe pathological changes to the microvasculature in many organs and tissues and is at the same time associated with an increased risk of coronary and peripheral macrovascular events. We herein review alterations in angiogenesis observed in human and experimental diabetes and how they contribute to diabetes onset and development of vascular complications. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION The English language medical literature was searched for articles reporting on angiogenesis/vasculogenesis abnormalities in diabetes and their clinical manifestations, mechanistic aspects, and possible therapeutic implications. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Angiogenesis is a complex process, driven by a multiplicity of molecular mechanisms and involved in several physiological and pathological conditions. Incompetent angiogenesis is pervasive in diabetic vascular complications, with both excessive and defective angiogenesis observed in various tissues. A striking different angiogenic response typically occurs in the retina vs the myocardium and peripheral circulation, but some commonalities in abnormal angiogenesis can explain the well-known association between microangiopathy and macroangiopathy. Impaired angiogenesis can also affect endocrine islet and adipose tissue function, providing a link to diabetes onset. Exposure to high glucose itself directly affects angiogenic/vasculogenic processes, and the mechanisms include defective responses to hypoxia and proangiogenic factors, impaired nitric oxide bioavailability, shortage of proangiogenic cells, and loss of pericytes. CONCLUSIONS Dissecting the molecular drivers of tissue-specific alterations of angiogenesis/vasculogenesis is an important challenge to devise new therapeutic approaches. Angiogenesis-modulating therapies should be carefully evaluated in view of their potential off-target effects. At present, glycemic control remains the most reasonable therapeutic strategy to normalize angiogenesis in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Paolo Fadini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Mattia Albiero
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Benedetta Maria Bonora
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Angelo Avogaro
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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20
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Zhao W, Cao L, Ying H, Zhang W, Li D, Zhu X, Xue W, Wu S, Cao M, Fu C, Qi H, Hao Y, Tang YC, Qin J, Zhong TP, Lin X, Yu L, Li X, Li L, Wu D, Pan W. Endothelial CDS2 deficiency causes VEGFA-mediated vascular regression and tumor inhibition. Cell Res 2019; 29:895-910. [PMID: 31501519 PMCID: PMC6889172 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-019-0229-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The response of endothelial cells to signaling stimulation is critical for vascular morphogenesis, homeostasis and function. Vascular endothelial growth factor-a (VEGFA) has been commonly recognized as a pro-angiogenic factor in vertebrate developmental, physiological and pathological conditions for decades. Here we report a novel finding that genetic ablation of CDP-diacylglycerol synthetase-2 (CDS2), a metabolic enzyme that controls phosphoinositide recycling, switches the output of VEGFA signaling from promoting angiogenesis to unexpectedly inducing vessel regression. Live imaging analysis uncovered the presence of reverse migration of the angiogenic endothelium in cds2 mutant zebrafish upon VEGFA stimulation, and endothelium regression also occurred in postnatal retina and implanted tumor models in mice. In tumor models, CDS2 deficiency enhanced the level of tumor-secreted VEGFA, which in-turn trapped tumors into a VEGFA-induced vessel regression situation, leading to suppression of tumor growth. Mechanistically, VEGFA stimulation reduced phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PIP2) availability in the absence of CDS2-controlled-phosphoinositide metabolism, subsequently causing phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate (PIP3) deficiency and FOXO1 activation to trigger regression of CDS2-null endothelium. Thus, our data indicate that the effect of VEGFA on vasculature is context-dependent and can be converted from angiogenesis to vascular regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Le Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Hanru Ying
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Dantong Li
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, East China Normal University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenzhi Xue
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Mengye Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Haonan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Yimei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Chi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Tao P Zhong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, East China Normal University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxi Lin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Innovative Research Team of High-level Local University in Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Luyang Yu
- Institute of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuri Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Dianqing Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Vascular Biology and Therapeutic Program, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Weijun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China. .,Innovative Research Team of High-level Local University in Shanghai, Shanghai, China.
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21
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Brakenhielm E, Richard V. Therapeutic vascular growth in the heart. VASCULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 1:H9-H15. [PMID: 32923948 PMCID: PMC7439849 DOI: 10.1530/vb-19-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Despite tremendous efforts in preclinical research over the last decades, the clinical translation of therapeutic angiogenesis to grow stable and functional blood vessels in patients with ischemic diseases continues to prove challenging. In this mini review, we briefly present the current main approaches applied to improve pro-angiogenic therapies. Specific examples from research on therapeutic cardiac angiogenesis and arteriogenesis will be discussed, and finally some suggestions for future therapeutic developments will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebba Brakenhielm
- Normandy University, UniRouen, Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) UMR1096 (EnVI Laboratory), FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France
| | - Vincent Richard
- Normandy University, UniRouen, Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) UMR1096 (EnVI Laboratory), FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France
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22
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Chai X, Yan J, Gao Y, Jin J. Endothelial HNF4α potentiates angiogenic dysfunction via enhancement of vascular endothelial growth factor resistance in T2DM. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:12989-13000. [PMID: 30873661 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although both hyperprocoagulant status, characterized by elevated thrombin levels, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) resistance, marked by attenuated expression of VEGFR2 (also called FLK1 or KDR), are known to contribute importantly to an increased risk of vascular events in diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM), it remains obscure whether these two biological events regulate angiogenic response in a coordinated manner. We show here that endothelial expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) was significantly upregulated in rodents and humans with T2DM, and HNF4α upregulation by thrombin was dependent on activation of multiple pathways, including protein kinase B, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, p38, oxidative stress, protein kinase C, and AMPK (5'-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase). Functionally, HNF4α inhibited VEGF-mediated endothelial proliferation and migration, and blunted VEGF-stimulated in vitro angiogenesis, thus rendering endothelial cells unresponsive to established angiogenic VEGF stimulation. Mechanistically, HNF4α potentiated the endothelial VEGF resistance through the direct transcriptional repression of FLK1 gene. From a therapeutic standpoint, overexpression of the exogenous FLK1 successfully rescued HNF4α-inhibited angiogenic response to VEGF and potentiated VEGF-stimulated in vitro tube formation. Considering a strong association between HNF4A deregulation and increased risk of T2DM, our findings suggest that HNF4α may act as a critical converging point linking hyperprocoagulant condition to VEGF resistance in diabetic ECs, and repression of FLK1 expression by thrombin-induced HNF4α mediates, at least partially, the vascular dysfunction caused by T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xubing Chai
- Department of Endocrinology, Xi'an Institute of Rheumatolog, Xi'an No. 5 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Xi'an Institute of Rheumatolog, Xi'an No. 5 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaya Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Xi'an Institute of Rheumatolog, Xi'an No. 5 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Geriatric, Xi'an Institute of Rheumatolog, Xi'an No. 5 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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23
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Sawada N, Arany Z. Metabolic Regulation of Angiogenesis in Diabetes and Aging. Physiology (Bethesda) 2018; 32:290-307. [PMID: 28615313 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00039.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired angiogenesis and endothelial dysfunction are hallmarks of diabetes and aging. Clinical efforts at promoting angiogenesis have largely focused on growth factor pathways, with mixed results. Recently, a new repertoire of endothelial intracellular molecules critical to endothelial metabolism has emerged as playing an important role in regulating angiogenesis. This review thus focuses on the emerging importance and therapeutic potential of these proteins and of endothelial bioenergetics in diabetes and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Sawada
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey.,Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey.,Division of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; and
| | - Zolt Arany
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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24
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Ren B. FoxO1 transcriptional activities in VEGF expression and beyond: a key regulator in functional angiogenesis? J Pathol 2018; 245:255-257. [PMID: 29691864 DOI: 10.1002/path.5088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
FoxO1 has emerged as an important regulator of angiogenesis. Recent work published in this Journal shows that FoxO1 regulates VEGF expression in keratinocytes and is required for angiogenesis in wound healing. Since FoxO1 also regulates CD36 transcription, and endothelial cell differentiation and vascular maturation, this transcription factor may be essential for the formation of functional vascular networks via coupling the regulation of CD36 in vascular endothelial cells under physiological and pathological conditions. Although many outstanding questions remain to be answered, the mechanisms by which FoxO1 regulates VEGF in keratinocytes provide insight into the development of functional angiogenesis and further our understanding of vascular biology. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ren
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Laboratory of Vascular Pathobiology, Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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25
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Kadam S, Kanitkar M, Dixit K, Deshpande R, Seshadri V, Kale V. Curcumin reverses diabetes-induced endothelial progenitor cell dysfunction by enhancing MnSOD expression and activity in vitro and in vivo. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:1594-1607. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Kadam
- Stem Cell Lab; National Centre for Cell Science; Pune Maharashtra India
| | - Meghana Kanitkar
- Stem Cell Lab; National Centre for Cell Science; Pune Maharashtra India
| | - Kadambari Dixit
- Stem Cell Lab; National Centre for Cell Science; Pune Maharashtra India
| | - Rucha Deshpande
- Stem Cell Lab; National Centre for Cell Science; Pune Maharashtra India
| | | | - Vaijayanti Kale
- Stem Cell Lab; National Centre for Cell Science; Pune Maharashtra India
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26
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Hsieh P, Hallmark B, Watkins J, Karafet TM, Osipova LP, Gutenkunst RN, Hammer MF. Exome Sequencing Provides Evidence of Polygenic Adaptation to a Fat-Rich Animal Diet in Indigenous Siberian Populations. Mol Biol Evol 2018; 34:2913-2926. [PMID: 28962010 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msx226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Siberia is one of the coldest environments on Earth and has great seasonal temperature variation. Long-term settlement in northern Siberia undoubtedly required biological adaptation to severe cold stress, dramatic variation in photoperiod, and limited food resources. In addition, recent archeological studies show that humans first occupied Siberia at least 45,000 years ago; yet our understanding of the demographic history of modern indigenous Siberians remains incomplete. In this study, we use whole-exome sequencing data from the Nganasans and Yakuts to infer the evolutionary history of these two indigenous Siberian populations. Recognizing the complexity of the adaptive process, we designed a model-based test to systematically search for signatures of polygenic selection. Our approach accounts for stochasticity in the demographic process and the hitchhiking effect of classic selective sweeps, as well as potential biases resulting from recombination rate and mutation rate heterogeneity. Our demographic inference shows that the Nganasans and Yakuts diverged ∼12,000-13,000 years ago from East-Asian ancestors in a process involving continuous gene flow. Our polygenic selection scan identifies seven candidate gene sets with Siberian-specific signals. Three of these gene sets are related to diet, especially to fat metabolism, consistent with the hypothesis of adaptation to a fat-rich animal diet. Additional testing rejects the effect of hitchhiking and favors a model in which selection yields small allele frequency changes at multiple unlinked genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- PingHsun Hsieh
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Brian Hallmark
- Interdisciplinary Program in Statistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Joseph Watkins
- Department of Mathematics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | | | - Ludmila P Osipova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ryan N Gutenkunst
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Michael F Hammer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.,ARL Division of Biotechnology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
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27
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Shen Y, Ding FH, Dai Y, Wang XQ, Zhang RY, Lu L, Shen WF. Reduced coronary collateralization in type 2 diabetic patients with chronic total occlusion. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:26. [PMID: 29422093 PMCID: PMC5804044 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0671-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extent of coronary collateral formation is a primary determinant of the severity of myocardial damage and mortality after coronary artery occlusion. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents an important risk factor for impaired collateral vessel growth. However, the mechanism of reduced coronary collateralization in type 2 diabetic patients remains unclear. METHODS With the reference to the recent researches, this review article describes the pathogenic effects of T2DM on collateral development and outlines possible clinical and biochemical markers associated with reduced coronary collateralization in type 2 diabetic patients with chronic total occlusion (CTO). RESULTS Diffuse coronary atherosclerosis in T2DM reduces pressure gradient between collateral donor artery and collateral recipient one, limiting collateral vessel growth and function. An interaction between advanced glycation end-products and their receptor activates several intracellular signaling pathways, enhances oxidative stress and aggravates inflammatory process. Diabetic condition decreases pro-angiogenic factors especially vascular endothelial growth factor and other collateral vessel growth related parameters. Numerous clinical and biochemical factors that could possibly attenuate the development of coronary collaterals have been reported. Increased serum levels of glycated albumin, cystatin C, and adipokine C1q tumor necrosis factor related protein 1 were associated with poor coronary collateralization in type 2 diabetic patients with stable coronary artery disease and CTO. Diastolic blood pressure and stenosis severity of the predominant collateral donor artery also play a role in coronary collateral formation. CONCLUSIONS T2DM impairs collateral vessel growth through multiple mechanisms involving arteriogenesis and angiogenesis, and coronary collateral formation in patients with T2DM and CTO is influenced by various clinical, biochemical and angiographic factors. This information provides insights into the understanding of coronary pathophysiology and searching for potential new therapeutic targets in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Hua Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Dai
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Road II, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Qun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Road II, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Feng Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Road II, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
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28
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Zhang L, Wang X, Wu Y, Lu X, Chidiac P, Wang G, Feng Q. Maternal diabetes up-regulates NOX2 and enhances myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury in adult offspring. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2200-2209. [PMID: 29377505 PMCID: PMC5867143 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Offspring of diabetic mothers are at risk of cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not clear. We hypothesize that prenatal exposure to maternal diabetes up‐regulates myocardial NOX2 expression and enhances ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the adult offspring. Maternal diabetes was induced in C57BL/6 mice by streptozotocin. Glucose‐tolerant adult offspring of diabetic mothers and normal controls were subjected to myocardial I/R injury. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, ROS generation, myocardial apoptosis and infarct size were assessed. The VEGF‐Akt (protein kinase B)‐mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)‐NOX2 signalling pathway was also studied in cultured cardiomyocytes in response to high glucose level. In the hearts of adult offspring from diabetic mothers, increases were observed in VEGF expression, NOX2 protein levels and both Akt and mTOR phosphorylation levels as compared to the offspring of control mothers. After I/R, ROS generation, myocardial apoptosis and infarct size were all significantly higher in the offspring of diabetic mothers relative to offspring of control mothers, and these differences were diminished by in vivo treatment with the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin. In cultured cardiomyocytes, high glucose increased mTOR phosphorylation, which was inhibited by the PI3 kinase inhibitor LY294002. Notably, high glucose‐induced NOX2 protein expression and ROS production were inhibited by rapamycin. In conclusion, maternal diabetes promotes VEGF‐Akt‐mTOR‐NOX2 signalling and enhances myocardial I/R injury in the adult offspring. Increased ROS production from NOX2 is a possible molecular mechanism responsible for developmental origins of cardiovascular disease in offspring of diabetic mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangru Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Chidiac
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guoping Wang
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingping Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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29
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Bakhashab S, Ahmed F, Schulten HJ, Ahmed FW, Glanville M, Al-Qahtani MH, Weaver JU. Proangiogenic Effect of Metformin in Endothelial Cells Is via Upregulation of VEGFR1/2 and Their Signaling under Hyperglycemia-Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010293. [PMID: 29351188 PMCID: PMC5796238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity/mortality worldwide. Metformin is the first therapy offering cardioprotection in type 2 diabetes and non-diabetic animals with unknown mechanism. We have shown that metformin improves angiogenesis via affecting expression of growth factors/angiogenic inhibitors in CD34+ cells under hyperglycemia-hypoxia. Now we studied the direct effect of physiological dose of metformin on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) under conditions mimicking hypoxia-hyperglycemia. HUVEC migration and apoptosis were studied after induction with euglycemia or hyperglycemia and/or CoCl2 induced hypoxia in the presence or absence of metformin. HUVEC mRNA was assayed by whole transcript microarrays. Genes were confirmed by qRT-PCR, proteins by western blot, ELISA or flow cytometry. Metformin promoted HUVEC migration and inhibited apoptosis via upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors (VEGFR1/R2), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), ERK/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, chemokine ligand 8, lymphocyte antigen 96, Rho kinase 1 (ROCK1), matrix metalloproteinase 16 (MMP16) and tissue factor inhibitor-2 under hyperglycemia-chemical hypoxia. Therefore, metformin’s dual effect in hyperglycemia-chemical hypoxia is mediated by direct effect on VEGFR1/R2 leading to activation of cell migration through MMP16 and ROCK1 upregulation, and inhibition of apoptosis by increase in phospho-ERK1/2 and FABP4, components of VEGF signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Bakhashab
- Biochemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah P.O. Box 80218, Saudi Arabia.
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
- Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah P.O. Box 80216, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Farid Ahmed
- Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah P.O. Box 80216, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hans-Juergen Schulten
- Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah P.O. Box 80216, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fahad W Ahmed
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE9 6SH, UK.
| | - Michael Glanville
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Mohammed H Al-Qahtani
- Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah P.O. Box 80216, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jolanta U Weaver
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE9 6SH, UK.
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
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30
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Hedhli J, Konopka CJ, Schuh S, Bouvin H, Cole JA, Huntsman HD, Kilian KA, Dobrucki IT, Boppart MD, Dobrucki LW. Multimodal Assessment of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Diabetic Vascular Complications. Theranostics 2017; 7:3876-3888. [PMID: 29109784 PMCID: PMC5667411 DOI: 10.7150/thno.19547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a debilitating complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) that leads to thousands of injuries, amputations, and deaths each year. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a regenerative therapy holds the promise of regrowing injured vasculature, helping DM patients live healthier and longer lives. We report the use of muscle-derived MSCs to treat surgically-induced hindlimb ischemia in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes (DM-1). We serially evaluate several facets of the recovery process, including αVβ3-integrin expression (a marker of angiogenesis), blood perfusion, and muscle function. We also perform microarray transcriptomics experiments to characterize the gene expression states of the MSC-treated is- chemic tissues, and compare the results with those of non-ischemic tissues, as well as ischemic tissues from a saline-treated control group. The results show a multifaceted impact of mMSCs on hindlimb ischemia. We determined that the angiogenic activity one week after mMSC treatment was enhanced by approximately 80% relative to the saline group, which resulted in relative increases in blood perfusion and muscle strength of approximately 42% and 1.7-fold, respectively. At the transcriptomics level, we found that several classes of genes were affected by mMSC treatment. The mMSCs appeared to enhance both pro-angiogenic and metabolic genes, while suppressing anti-angiogenic genes and certain genes involved in the inflammatory response. All told, mMSC treatment appears to exert far-reaching effects on the microenvironment of ischemic tissue, enabling faster and more complete recovery from vascular occlusion.
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Parenchymal and Stromal Cells Contribute to Pro-Inflammatory Myocardial Environment at Early Stages of Diabetes: Protective Role of Resveratrol. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8110729. [PMID: 27854328 PMCID: PMC5133113 DOI: 10.3390/nu8110729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Little information is currently available concerning the relative contribution of cardiac parenchymal and stromal cells in the activation of the pro-inflammatory signal cascade, at the initial stages of diabetes. Similarly, the effects of early resveratrol (RSV) treatment on the negative impact of diabetes on the different myocardial cell compartments remain to be defined. Methods: In vitro challenge of neonatal cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts to high glucose and in vivo/ex vivo experiments on a rat model of Streptozotocin-induced diabetes were used to specifically address these issues. Results: In vitro data indicated that, besides cardiomyocytes, neonatal fibroblasts contribute to generating initial changes in the myocardial environment, in terms of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. These findings were mostly confirmed at the myocardial tissue level in diabetic rats, after three weeks of hyperglycemia. Specifically, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and Fractalkine were up-regulated and initial abnormalities in cardiomyocyte contractility occurred. At later stages of diabetes, a selective enhancement of pro-inflammatory macrophage M1 phenotype and a parallel reduction of anti-inflammatory macrophage M2 phenotype were associated with a marked disorganization of cardiomyocyte ultrastructural properties. RSV treatment inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokine production, leading to a recovery of cardiomyocyte contractile efficiency and a reduced inflammatory cell recruitment. Conclusion: Early RSV administration could inhibit the pro-inflammatory diabetic milieu sustained by different cardiac cell types.
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Yu W, Bajorek J, Jayade S, Miele A, Mirza J, Rogado S, Sundararajan A, Faig J, Ferrage L, Uhrich KE. Salicylic acid (SA)-eluting bone regeneration scaffolds with interconnected porosity and local and sustained SA release. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 105:311-318. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiling Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Piscataway New Jersey 08854
| | - Jennifer Bajorek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Piscataway New Jersey 08854
| | - Sayeli Jayade
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Piscataway New Jersey 08854
| | - Alyssa Miele
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Piscataway New Jersey 08854
| | - Javad Mirza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Piscataway New Jersey 08854
| | - Sarah Rogado
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Piscataway New Jersey 08854
| | - Aravind Sundararajan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Piscataway New Jersey 08854
| | - Jonathan Faig
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Piscataway New Jersey 08854
| | - Loïc Ferrage
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; ENSIACET; 31030 Toulouse France
| | - Kathryn E. Uhrich
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Piscataway New Jersey 08854
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Diabetic wound regeneration using peptide-modified hydrogels to target re-epithelialization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E5792-E5801. [PMID: 27647919 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1612277113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a clinical need for new, more effective treatments for chronic wounds in diabetic patients. Lack of epithelial cell migration is a hallmark of nonhealing wounds, and diabetes often involves endothelial dysfunction. Therefore, targeting re-epithelialization, which mainly involves keratinocytes, may improve therapeutic outcomes of current treatments. In this study, we present an integrin-binding prosurvival peptide derived from angiopoietin-1, QHREDGS (glutamine-histidine-arginine-glutamic acid-aspartic acid-glycine-serine), as a therapeutic candidate for diabetic wound treatments by demonstrating its efficacy in promoting the attachment, survival, and collective migration of human primary keratinocytes and the activation of protein kinase B Akt and MAPKp42/44 The QHREDGS peptide, both as a soluble supplement and when immobilized in a substrate, protected keratinocytes against hydrogen peroxide stress in a dose-dependent manner. Collective migration of both normal and diabetic human keratinocytes was promoted on chitosan-collagen films with the immobilized QHREDGS peptide. The clinical relevance was demonstrated further by assessing the chitosan-collagen hydrogel with immobilized QHREDGS in full-thickness excisional wounds in a db/db diabetic mouse model; QHREDGS showed significantly accelerated and enhanced wound closure compared with a clinically approved collagen wound dressing, peptide-free hydrogel, or blank wound controls. The accelerated wound closure resulted primarily from faster re-epithelialization and increased formation of granulation tissue. There were no observable differences in blood vessel density or size within the wound; however, the total number of blood vessels was greater in the peptide-hydrogel-treated wounds. Together, these findings indicate that QHREDGS is a promising candidate for wound-healing interventions that enhance re-epithelialization and the formation of granulation tissue.
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Rahman HNA, Wu H, Dong Y, Pasula S, Wen A, Sun Y, Brophy ML, Tessneer KL, Cai X, McManus J, Chang B, Kwak S, Rahman NS, Xu W, Fernandes C, Mcdaniel JM, Xia L, Smith L, Srinivasan RS, Chen H. Selective Targeting of a Novel Epsin-VEGFR2 Interaction Promotes VEGF-Mediated Angiogenesis. Circ Res 2016; 118:957-969. [PMID: 26879230 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.307679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE We previously reported that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced binding of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) to epsins 1 and 2 triggers VEGFR2 degradation and attenuates VEGF signaling. The epsin ubiquitin interacting motif (UIM) was shown to be required for the interaction with VEGFR2. However, the molecular determinants that govern how epsin specifically interacts with and regulates VEGFR2 were unknown. OBJECTIVE The goals for the present study were as follows: (1) to identify critical molecular determinants that drive the specificity of the epsin and VEGFR2 interaction and (2) to ascertain whether such determinants were critical for physiological angiogenesis in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS Structural modeling uncovered 2 novel binding surfaces within VEGFR2 that mediate specific interactions with epsin UIM. Three glutamic acid residues in epsin UIM were found to interact with residues in VEGFR2. Furthermore, we found that the VEGF-induced VEGFR2-epsin interaction promoted casitas B-lineage lymphoma-mediated ubiquitination of epsin, and uncovered a previously unappreciated ubiquitin-binding surface within VEGFR2. Mutational analysis revealed that the VEGFR2-epsin interaction is supported by VEGFR2 interacting specifically with the UIM and with ubiquitinated epsin. An epsin UIM peptide, but not a mutant UIM peptide, potentiated endothelial cell proliferation, migration and angiogenic properties in vitro, increased postnatal retinal angiogenesis, and enhanced VEGF-induced physiological angiogenesis and wound healing. CONCLUSIONS Distinct residues in the epsin UIM and VEGFR2 mediate specific interactions between epsin and VEGFR2, in addition to UIM recognition of ubiquitin moieties on VEGFR2. These novel interactions are critical for pathophysiological angiogenesis, suggesting that these sites could be selectively targeted by therapeutics to modulate angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H N Ashiqur Rahman
- Vascular Biology Program, Karp Family Research Labs #12.214, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Vascular Biology Program, Karp Family Research Labs #12.214, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yunzhou Dong
- Vascular Biology Program, Karp Family Research Labs #12.214, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Satish Pasula
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Aiyun Wen
- Vascular Biology Program, Karp Family Research Labs #12.214, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ye Sun
- Vascular Biology Program, Karp Family Research Labs #12.214, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Megan L Brophy
- Vascular Biology Program, Karp Family Research Labs #12.214, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Kandice L Tessneer
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Cai
- Vascular Biology Program, Karp Family Research Labs #12.214, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John McManus
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Baojun Chang
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Sukyoung Kwak
- Vascular Biology Program, Karp Family Research Labs #12.214, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Negar S Rahman
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Wenjia Xu
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Conrad Fernandes
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - John Michael Mcdaniel
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Lijun Xia
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Lois Smith
- Vascular Biology Program, Karp Family Research Labs #12.214, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - R Sathish Srinivasan
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Vascular Biology Program, Karp Family Research Labs #12.214, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Bakhashab S, Ahmed FW, Schulten HJ, Bashir A, Karim S, Al-Malki AL, Gari MA, Abuzenadah AM, Chaudhary AG, Alqahtani MH, Lary S, Ahmed F, Weaver JU. Metformin improves the angiogenic potential of human CD34⁺ cells co-incident with downregulating CXCL10 and TIMP1 gene expression and increasing VEGFA under hyperglycemia and hypoxia within a therapeutic window for myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:27. [PMID: 26861446 PMCID: PMC4748498 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0344-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). To identify the most effective treatment for CVD, it is paramount to understand the mechanism behind cardioprotective therapies. Although metformin has been shown to reduce CVD in Type-2 DM clinical trials, the underlying mechanism remains unexplored. CD34+ cell-based therapies offer a new treatment approach to CVD. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of metformin on the angiogenic properties of CD34+ cells under conditions mimicking acute myocardial infarction in diabetes. Methods CD34+ cells were cultured in 5.5 or 16.5 mmol/L glucose ± 0.01 mmol/L metformin and then additionally ± 4 % hypoxia. The paracrine function of CD34+ cell-derived conditioned medium was assessed by measuring pro-inflammatory cytokines, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), and using an in vitro tube formation assay for angiogenesis. Also, mRNA of CD34+ cells was assayed by microarray and genes of interest were validated by qRT-PCR. Results Metformin increased in vitro angiogenesis under hyperglycemia–hypoxia and augmented the expression of VEGFA. It also reduced the angiogenic-inhibitors, chemokine (C–X–C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL10) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) mRNAs, which were upregulated under hyperglycemia–hypoxia. In addition metformin, increased expression of STEAP family member 4 (STEAP4) under euglycemia, indicating an anti-inflammatory effect. Conclusions Metformin has a dual effect by simultaneously increasing VEGFA and reducing CXCL10 and TIMP1 in CD34+ cells in a model of the diabetic state combined with hypoxia. Therefore, these angiogenic inhibitors are promising therapeutic targets for CVD in diabetic patients. Moreover, our data are commensurate with a vascular protective effect of metformin and add to the understanding of underlying mechanisms. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12933-016-0344-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Bakhashab
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK. .,Biochemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. .,Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fahad W Ahmed
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK. .,Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Hans-Juergen Schulten
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ayat Bashir
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Sajjad Karim
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Mamdooh A Gari
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Adel M Abuzenadah
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Adeel G Chaudhary
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed H Alqahtani
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sahira Lary
- Biochemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Farid Ahmed
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jolanta U Weaver
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK. .,Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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Sukmawati D, Tanaka R, Ito-Hirano R, Fujimura S, Hayashi A, Itoh S, Mizuno H, Daida H. The role of Notch signaling in diabetic endothelial progenitor cells dysfunction. J Diabetes Complications 2016; 30:12-20. [PMID: 26598222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the role of Notch signaling pathway in vasculogenic dysfunction of diabetic EPCs (DM-EPCs). METHODS The study was performed in mice and diabetes was induced with Streptozotocin. The functional consequences of Notch pathway modulation were studied by assessment of colony forming capacity (EPC colony forming assay), EPC differentiation capacity (% of definitive EPC-CFU (dEPC-CFU)), circulating EPCs (EPC culture assay) and migrated cells (migration assay); in the presence of Notch inhibitor (γ-secretase inhibitors (GSI)) compared to control. Notch pathway and VEGF involvement in DM- EPCs were assessed by gene expression (RT-qPCR). RESULTS DM demonstrated to increase Notch pathway expression in bone marrow (BM) EPCs followed by lower EPC-CFU number, EPCs differentiation capacity, number of circulating EPCs, migrated cells and VEGF expression compared to control (p<0.05). Inhibition of Notch pathway by GSI rescued vasculogenic dysfunction in DM-EPCs as represented by increase in EPC-CFU number, differentiation capacity and number of circulating EPCs (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate the involvement of Notch pathway in mediating DM-EPCs dysfunction including less number of EPC-CFU, circulating EPCs and migrated cell number compared to control. Further in vitro inhibition of Notch pathway by GSI rescued DM-EPC dysfunction. Therefore targeting Notch pathway in DM may provide a target to restore DM-EPC dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewi Sukmawati
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan; Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Jalan Salemba Raya No. 6 Jakarta Pusat, 10430, Indonesia.
| | - Rica Tanaka
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Rie Ito-Hirano
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Fujimura
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Ayato Hayashi
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Seigo Itoh
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Mizuno
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Daida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
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Wang L, Chen Q, Li G, Ke D. Ghrelin ameliorates impaired angiogenesis of ischemic myocardium through GHSR1a-mediated AMPK/eNOS signal pathway in diabetic rats. Peptides 2015; 73:77-87. [PMID: 26364514 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ghrelin, an endogenous ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), has been found to stimulate angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro. However, the effect and the corresponding mechanisms of ghrelin on impaired myocardial angiogenesis in diabetic and myocardial infarction (MI) rat model are still unknown. METHODS In the present study, adult SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, DM, DM+ghrelin, DM+ghrelin+[D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 groups. DM was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) 60 mg/kg body weight. 12 weeks post STZ injection all groups were subjected to MI, which was induced by ligation left anterior descending artery (LAD). Ghrelin and [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 were administered via intraperitoneal injection at the doses 200 μg/kg and 50mg/kg for 4 weeks, respectively. Left ventricular function, microvascular density (MVD), myocardial infarct size, the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fetal liver kinase-1 (Flk-1) and fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (Flt-1), AMPK and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation were examined. RESULTS Compared with the DM group, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), fractional shortening (FS), and MVD were increased, whereas myocardial infarct size decreased remarkably in DM+ghrelin group. For the mechanism study, we found that ghrelin promoted the HIF1α, VEGF, Flk-1 and Flt-1 expression, AMPK and eNOS phosphorylation in diabetic rats. However, the above biochemical events in ghrelin treated diabetic rats were completely inhibited by GHSR-1a blocker [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that administration of ghrelin ameliorates impaired angiogenesis in diabetic MI rats. And these beneficial effects derive from regulating GHSR1a-mediated AMPK/eNOS signal pathway by upregulating of HIF1α, VEGF and its receptors Flk-1, Flt-1 expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Qingwei Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
| | - Guiqiong Li
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Dazhi Ke
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
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Esfahani M, Karimi F, Afshar S, Niknazar S, Sohrabi S, Najafi R. Prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors act as agents to enhance the efficiency of cell therapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 15:1739-55. [PMID: 26325448 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.1084281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In stem cell-based therapy as a subtype of regenerative medicine, stem cells can be used to replace or repair injured tissue and cells in order to treat disease. Stem cells have the ability to integrate into injured areas and produce new cells via processes of proliferation and differentiation. Several studies have demonstrated that hypoxia increases self-renewal, proliferation and post-homing differentiation of stem cells through the regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1)-mediated gene expression. Thus, pharmacological interventions including prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitors are considered as promising solutions for stem cell-based therapy. PHD inhibitors stabilize the HIF-1 and activate its pathway through preventing proteasomal degradation of HIF-1. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on the role of hypoxia, HIF-1 and especially PHD inhibitors on cell therapy. PHD structure and function are discussed as well as their inhibitors. In addition, we have investigated several preclinical studies in which PHD inhibitors improved the efficiency of cell-based therapies. EXPERT OPINION The data reviewed here suggest that PHD inhibitors are effective operators in improving stem cell therapy. However, because of some limitations, these compounds should be properly examined before clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Esfahani
- a 1 Research center for molecular medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Fatemeh Karimi
- a 1 Research center for molecular medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Saeid Afshar
- a 1 Research center for molecular medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Somayeh Niknazar
- b 2 Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Hearing Disorders Research Center , Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sareh Sohrabi
- a 1 Research center for molecular medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Rezvan Najafi
- a 1 Research center for molecular medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan, the Islamic Republic of Iran
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Abstract
Formation of arterial vasculature, here termed arteriogenesis, is a central process in embryonic vascular development as well as in adult tissues. Although the process of capillary formation, angiogenesis, is relatively well understood, much remains to be learned about arteriogenesis. Recent discoveries point to the key role played by vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 in control of this process and to newly identified control circuits that dramatically influence its activity. The latter can present particularly attractive targets for a new class of therapeutic agents capable of activation of this signaling cascade in a ligand-independent manner, thereby promoting arteriogenesis in diseased tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Simons
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.S., A.E.) and Departments of Cell Biology (M.S.) and Molecular Physiology (A.E.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
| | - Anne Eichmann
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.S., A.E.) and Departments of Cell Biology (M.S.) and Molecular Physiology (A.E.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
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Smith GA, Fearnley GW, Harrison MA, Tomlinson DC, Wheatcroft SB, Ponnambalam S. Vascular endothelial growth factors: multitasking functionality in metabolism, health and disease. J Inherit Metab Dis 2015; 38:753-63. [PMID: 25868665 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-015-9838-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) bind to VEGF receptor tyrosine kinases (VEGFRs). The VEGF and VEGFR gene products regulate diverse regulatory pathways in mammalian development, health and disease. The interaction between a particular VEGF and its cognate VEGFR activates multiple signal transduction pathways which regulate different cellular responses including metabolism, gene expression, proliferation, migration, and survival. The family of VEGF isoforms regulate vascular physiology and promote tissue homeostasis. VEGF dysfunction is implicated in major chronic disease states including atherosclerosis, diabetes, and cancer. More recent studies implicate a strong link between response to VEGF and regulation of vascular metabolism. Understanding how this family of multitasking cytokines regulates cell and animal function has implications for treating many different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina A Smith
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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Simons M, Alitalo K, Annex BH, Augustin HG, Beam C, Berk BC, Byzova T, Carmeliet P, Chilian W, Cooke JP, Davis GE, Eichmann A, Iruela-Arispe ML, Keshet E, Sinusas AJ, Ruhrberg C, Woo YJ, Dimmeler S. State-of-the-Art Methods for Evaluation of Angiogenesis and Tissue Vascularization: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circ Res 2015; 116:e99-132. [PMID: 25931450 DOI: 10.1161/res.0000000000000054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Smith LE, White MY. The role of post-translational modifications in acute and chronic cardiovascular disease. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 8:506-21. [PMID: 24961403 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) in one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide, accounting for both primary diseases of the heart and vasculature and arising as a co-morbidity with numerous pathologies, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). There has been significant emphasis on the role of the genome in CVD, aiding in the definition of 'at-risk' patients. The extent of disease penetrance however, can be influenced by environmental factors that are not detectable by investigating the genome alone. By targeting the transcriptome in response to CVD, the interplay between genome and environment is more apparent, however this implies the level of protein expression without reference to proteolytic turnover, or potentially more importantly, without defining the role of PTMs in the development of disease. Here, we discuss the role of both brief and irreversible PTMs in the setting of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Key proteins involved in calcium regulation have been observed as differentially modified by phosphorylation/O-GlcNAcylation or phosphorylation/redox modifications, with the level of interplay dependent on the physiological or pathophysiological state. The ability to modify crucial sites to produce the desired functional output is modulated by the presence of other PTMs as exemplified in the T2DM heart, where hyperglycemia results in aberrant O-GlcNAcylation and advanced glycation end products. By using the signalling events predicted to be critical to post-conditioning, an intervention with great promise for the cardioprotection of the ischemia/reperfusion injured heart, as an example, we discuss the level of PTMs and their interplay. The inability of post-conditioning to protect the diabetic heart may be regulated by aberrant PTMs influencing those sites necessary for protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Smith
- Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Güzel D, Dursun AD, Fıçıcılar H, Tekin D, Tanyeli A, Akat F, Topal Çelikkan F, Sabuncuoğlu B, Baştuğ M. Effect of intermittent hypoxia on the cardiac HIF-1/VEGF pathway in experimental type 1 diabetes mellitus. Anatol J Cardiol 2015; 16:76-83. [PMID: 26467365 PMCID: PMC5336740 DOI: 10.5152/akd.2015.5925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High altitude and hypoxic preconditioning have cardioprotective effects by increasing coronary vascularity, reducing post-ischemic injury, and improving cardiac function. Our purpose was to examine if intermittent hypoxia treatment has any restoring effects related to the possible role of the HIF-1/VEGF pathway on diabetic cardiomyopathy. METHODS Wistar Albino male rats (n=34) were divided into four groups: control (C), intermittent hypoxia (IH), diabetes mellitus (DM), and diabetes mellitus plus intermittent hypoxia (DM+IH). Following a streptozotocin (STZ) injection (50 mg/kg, i.p.), blood glucose levels of 250 mg/dL and above were considered as DM. IH and DM+IH groups were exposed to hypoxia 6 h/day for 42 days at a pressure corresponding to 3000 m altitude. Twenty-four hours after the IH protocol, hearts were excised. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained apical parts of the left ventricles were evaluated. Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), vascular endothelial growth factor 164 (VEGF164), and VEGF188 polymerase chain reaction products were run in agarose gel electrophoresis. Band density analysis of UV camera images was performed using Image J. The data were compared by one-way ANOVA, repeated measures two-way ANOVA, and the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS The percent weight change was lower in the DM group than in the controls (p=0.004). The tissue injury was the highest in the DM group and the least in the IH group. Diabetes decreased, whereas the IH treatment increased the vascularity. A decrease was observed in the VEGF188 mRNA levels in the DM+IH group compared with the C group, but there were no difference in HIF-1α and VEGF164 mRNA levels between the groups. CONCLUSION The IH treatment restored the diabetic effects on the heart by reducing tissue injury and increasing the capillarity without transcriptional changes in HIF-1/VEGF correspondingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Güzel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University; Sakarya-Turkey.
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Alasvand M, Rashidi B, Javanmard SH, Akhavan MM, Khazaei M. Effect of Blocking of Neuropeptide Y Y2 Receptor on Tumor Angiogenesis and Progression in Normal and Diet-Induced Obese C57BL/6 Mice. Glob J Health Sci 2015; 7:69-78. [PMID: 26153206 PMCID: PMC4803968 DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v7n7p69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a risk factor for some types of cancers. Angiogenesis is a necessary step in the multistage progression of tumors such as melanoma. Previous studies reported that neuropeptide Y (NPY) regulates angiogenesis by activating the Y2 receptor on endothelial cells. The present study examined the effects of the NPY Y2 receptor antagonist on tumor weight, angiogenesis and serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor-1 (VEGF-R1), and nitric oxide (NO). METHODS Twenty four male C57BL/6 mice were divided into control and obese groups. The control group was fed a normal diet whereas the obese group was fed a high fat diet. After 16 weeks, 2×10(6) B16F10 melanoma cells were injected subcutaneously into all animals. Half of the control and the obese animals received 1 µM, 100 µL/kg NPY Y2 receptor antagonist (BIIE 0246) intraperitoneally. After two weeks, the animals were sacrificed, and angiogenic factors and tumor weights and angiogenesis were analyzed. RESULTS Tumor weight in the obese mice was higher than in the control (p<0.05). Treatment with BIIE 0246 reduced tumor weight in the obese animals (p<0.05), without effect on control group (p>0.05). Administration of an NPY Y2 receptor antagonist decreased tumor angiogenesis (evaluated as capillary density/mm2) and serum VEGF concentration in the obese group without altering serum VEGF-R1 and NO concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Blockade of the NPY Y2 receptor suppressed tumor growth in obese mice by affecting tumor angiogenesis. Thus, it seems that NPY and its Y2 receptor antagonist might be new targets in melanoma tumor therapy.
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Tykhomyrov AA, Shram SI, Grinenko TV. [Role of angiostatins in diabetic complications]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2015; 61:41-56. [PMID: 25762598 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20156101041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a process through which new blood vessels form from pre-existing vessels. Angiogenesis is regulated by a number of factors of peptide nature. Disbalance of angiogenic system appears to be the major causative factor contributing vascular abnormalities in diabetes mellitus, resulting in various complications. Angiostatins, which are kringle-containing fragments of plasminogen/plasmin, are known to be powerful physiological inhibitors of neovascularization. In the present review, current literature data on peculiarities of production of angiostatins and their functioning at diabetes mellitus are summarized and analyzed for the first time. Also, role of angiostatins in the pathogenesis of typical diabetic complications, including retinopathies, nephropathies and cardiovascular diseases, is discussed. Data presented in this review may be useful for elaboration of novel effective approaches for diagnostics and therapy of vascular abnormalities in diabetes mellitus.
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BLÁHA V, ŠŤÁSEK J, BIS J, FORTUNATO J, ANDRÝS C, PAVLÍK V, POLANSKÝ P, BRTKO M, SOBOTKA L. The Role of VEGF in the Diabetic Patients Undergoing Endovascular Therapy of Symptomatic Aortic Valve Stenosis. Physiol Res 2014; 63:S351-9. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore changes in plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in aged patients who undergone transcatheter aortic valve implantation or balloon angioplasty for the treatment of aortic stenosis. Plasma VEGF was measured in subjects with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM) (n=21, age 79.2±1.6 years) and in non-diabetic subjects (non-DM) (n=23, age 84.4±0.7 years), using an ELISA kit. Before the procedure plasma levels of VEGF were significantly lower in DM than in non-DM patients (P<0.05). Plasma VEGF significantly increased in both groups (DM and non-DM) 24 h (387±64 vs. 440±30 pg/ml, P<0.05) and 72 h (323±69 vs. 489±47 pg/ml, P<0.05) after the endovascular procedure. However, the VEGF in DM patients was significantly lower compared to non-DM subjects up to one month after the endovascular procedure (283±47 vs. 386±38 pg/ml, P<0.05). We conclude that increased plasma VEGF in aged patients associates with atherosclerotic aortic valve stenosis. In spite of that plasma VEGF in DM was constantly significantly lower than in non diabetic patients, both before and after the endovascular procedure, possibly reflecting a disturbance of angiogenic/anti-angiogenic balance in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. BLÁHA
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Metabolism and Gerontology, University Hospital Hradec Králové and Medical Faculty Charles University in Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Kariž S, Petrovič D. Minor association of kinase insert domain-containing receptor gene polymorphism (rs2071559) with myocardial infarction in Caucasians with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Case–control cross-sectional study. Clin Biochem 2014; 47:192-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Chen SL, Hu ZY, Zuo GF, Li MH, Li B. I(f) current channel inhibitor (ivabradine) deserves cardioprotective effect via down-regulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and attenuating apoptosis in diabetic mice. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2014; 14:150. [PMID: 25361902 PMCID: PMC4230832 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-14-150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ivabradine (IVBD), a novel I(f)-channel inhibitor and specific heart rate-lowering agent, is known to have anti-oxidative activity that promotes endothelial function. However, the molecular mechanism through which IVBD acts on cardiac function has yet to be elucidated, especially in experimental diabetic animals. Methods For this reason, twenty diabetic mice were randomly assigned to IVBD-treated (10 mg/kg/day) and control (saline) groups. After a 3-month treatment, microarray assay was performed to identify differentia expressed genes, and cardiac function was measured by echocardiography, with subsequent immunohistochemistry analysis and western blotting. Results Our results showed that ivabradine treatment attenuated the expression and staining score of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, induced the dephosphorylation of caspase 3, BAX and MMP-2, and enhanced the phosphorylation of NF-κB. Ivabradine treatment led to a significant improvement in cardiac function. Conclusion Ivabradine significantly improved cardiac function by attenuating apoptosis and inhibiting the expression and activity of MMP-2 in diabetic mice, which underscored the novel clinical implications of ivabradine for diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Liang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, China.
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Ishikura K, Misu H, Kumazaki M, Takayama H, Matsuzawa-Nagata N, Tajima N, Chikamoto K, Lan F, Ando H, Ota T, Sakurai M, Takeshita Y, Kato K, Fujimura A, Miyamoto KI, Saito Y, Kameo S, Okamoto Y, Takuwa Y, Takahashi K, Kidoya H, Takakura N, Kaneko S, Takamura T. Selenoprotein P as a diabetes-associated hepatokine that impairs angiogenesis by inducing VEGF resistance in vascular endothelial cells. Diabetologia 2014; 57:1968-76. [PMID: 24989996 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3306-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Impaired angiogenesis induced by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) resistance is a hallmark of vascular complications in type 2 diabetes; however, its molecular mechanism is not fully understood. We have previously identified selenoprotein P (SeP, encoded by the SEPP1 gene in humans) as a liver-derived secretory protein that induces insulin resistance. Levels of serum SeP and hepatic expression of SEPP1 are elevated in type 2 diabetes. Here, we investigated the effects of SeP on VEGF signalling and angiogenesis. METHODS We assessed the action of glucose on Sepp1 expression in cultured hepatocytes. We examined the actions of SeP on VEGF signalling and VEGF-induced angiogenesis in HUVECs. We assessed wound healing in mice with hepatic SeP overexpression or SeP deletion. The blood flow recovery after ischaemia was also examined by using hindlimb ischaemia model with Sepp1-heterozygous-knockout mice. RESULTS Treatment with glucose increased gene expression and transcriptional activity for Sepp1 in H4IIEC hepatocytes. Physiological concentrations of SeP inhibited VEGF-stimulated cell proliferation, tubule formation and migration in HUVECs. SeP suppressed VEGF-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and phosphorylation of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in HUVECs. Wound closure was impaired in the mice overexpressing Sepp1, whereas it was improved in SeP (-/-)mice. SeP (+/-)mice showed an increase in blood flow recovery and vascular endothelial cells after hindlimb ischaemia. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The hepatokine SeP may be a novel therapeutic target for impaired angiogenesis in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhide Ishikura
- Department of Disease Control and Homeostasis, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
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Miyauchi Y, Jesmin S, Sakai S, Kamiyama J, Shimojo N, Rahman A, Islam M, Zaedi S, Maeda S, Maruyama H, Mizutani T, Homma S, Aonuma K, Miyauchi T. Effects of selective endothelin (ET)-A receptor antagonist versus dual ET-A/B receptor antagonist on hearts of streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats. Life Sci 2014; 111:6-11. [PMID: 24953608 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim was to study the differences in the effectiveness of two types of endothelin (ET) receptor antagonists (selective ET-A or dual ET-A/B antagonists) on the hearts of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats (type I diabetes) at functional and biochemical/molecular levels. MAIN METHODS Citrate saline (vehicle) or STZ was injected into rats. The ET-A/B dual receptor antagonist (SB209670, 1mg/kg/day) and the ET-A receptor antagonist (TA-0201, 1mg/kg/day) were then administered to these rats. One week after injection, the animals were separated into those receiving SB209670, TA-0201 or vehicle by 4-week osmotic mini-pump. KEY FINDINGS The VEGF level and percent fractional shortening in the diabetic heart were significantly decreased compared to the non-diabetic heart, whereas SB209670 and TA-0201 treatments greatly and comparably prevented this decrease. SB209670 treatment was more effective in reversing decreased expressions of KDR and phosphorylated AKT, downstream of VEGF angiogenic signaling, than TA-0201 treatment. The eNOS levels in hearts were significantly higher in diabetic rats than in healthy rats, and this increase was significantly reduced by TA-0210 but not by SB209670 treatment. SIGNIFICANCE Improvement of KDR mRNA and pAKT levels by SB209670 but not TA-0201 suggests that dual ET-A/-B blockade may be effective in improving intracellular systems of these components in the diabetic rat heart. However, the present study also showed that TA-0201 or SB209670 improved percent fractional shortening and VEGF levels of the diabetic hearts to a similar extent, suggesting that ET-A blockade and dual ET-A/-B blockade are similarly effective in improving cardiac dysfunction in the diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Miyauchi
- Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Subrina Jesmin
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sakai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Junko Kamiyama
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Nobutake Shimojo
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Arifur Rahman
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Majedul Islam
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Sohel Zaedi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Seiji Maeda
- Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Maruyama
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Taro Mizutani
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Homma
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Aonuma
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Miyauchi
- Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
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