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Manson A, Winter T, Aukema HM. Phospholipase A 2 enzymes differently impact PUFA release and oxylipin formation ex vivo in rat hearts. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2023; 191:102555. [PMID: 36878084 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes cleave cell membrane phospholipids and release polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which can be converted into oxylipins. However, little is known about PLA2 preference for PUFA, and even less is known about how this further impacts oxylipin formation. Therefore, we investigated the role of different PLA2 groups in PUFA release and oxylipin formation in rat hearts. Sprague-Dawley rat heart homogenates were incubated without or with varespladib (VAR), methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate (MAFP) or EDTA. Free PUFA and oxylipins were determined by HPLC-MS/MS, and isoform expressions by RT-qPCR. Inhibition of sPLA2 IIA and/or V by VAR reduced the release of ARA and DHA, but only DHA oxylipins were inhibited. MAFP reduced the release of ARA, DHA, ALA, and EPA, and the formation of ARA, LA, DGLA, DHA, ALA, and EPA oxylipins. Interestingly, cyclooxygenase and 12-lipoxygenase oxylipins were not inhibited. mRNA expression levels of sPLA2 and iPLA2 isoforms were highest whereas levels of cPLA2 were low, consistent with activity. In conclusion, sPLA2 enzymes lead to the formation of DHA oxylipins, while iPLA2 is likely responsible for the formation of most other oxylipins in healthy rat hearts. Oxylipin formation cannot be implied from PUFA release, thus, both should be evaluated in PLA2 activity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Manson
- Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Winnipeg MB, Canada
| | - Tanja Winter
- Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Winnipeg MB, Canada
| | - Harold M Aukema
- Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Winnipeg MB, Canada.
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Liang L, Xie Q, Sun C, Wu Y, Zhang W, Li W. Phospholipase A2 group IIA correlates with circulating high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and modulates cholesterol efflux possibly through regulation of PPAR-γ/LXR-α/ABCA1 in macrophages. J Transl Med 2021; 19:484. [PMID: 34838043 PMCID: PMC8626914 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03151-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Secretory phospholipase A2 group IIA (sPLA2-IIA) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but its role on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level has not been clarified. The aim of the present study was to explore the association between circulating sPLA2-IIA and HDL-C, and to evaluate if sPLA2-IIA enhances cholesterol efflux capacity through regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ), liver X receptor α (LXR-α), and ATP-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1). Methods 131 patients with coronary artery disease were enrolled. The plasma level of sPLA2-IIA was tested with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit, and serum lipids were assessed by biochemical analyzer. Human monocyte-macrophage cell line THP-1 was co-incubated with sPLA2-IIA in the presence/absence of selective PPAR-γ antagonist GW9662 in vitro. Real-time PCR and Western-blot were employed to measure the mRNA and protein expressions of PPAR-γ, LXR-α, and ABCA1, respectively. The cholesterol efflux was evaluated by using an assay kit. Results In subjects, circulating level of sPLA2-IIA was positively related with that of HDL-C (r = 0.196, p = 0.024). The plasma level of sPLA2-IIA was significantly higher in the high HDL-C (≥ 1.04 mmol/L) group (7477.828 pg/mL) than that in low HDL-C (< 1.04 mmol/L) group (5836.92 pg/mL, p = 0.004). For each increase of 1 pg/μl in sPLA2-IIA level, the adjusted odds ratio for HDL-C ≥ 1.04 mmol/L was 1.143. Co-incubation of THP-1 cells with sPLA2-IIA resulted in increased expressions of PPAR-γ, LXR-α, and ABCA1, as well as enhanced cholesterol efflux capacity, that were all reversed by administration of GW9662. Conclusions Circulating sPLA2-IIA was positively associated with HDL-C. PPAR-γ/LXR-α/ABCA1 might be responsible for sPLA2-IIA-regulated cholesterol efflux in macrophages. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-03151-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Xiamen Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Qiang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Xiamen Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Changqing Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Xiamen Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Yuanhui Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Xiamen Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China.
| | - Weihua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Xiamen Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China. .,Department of Cardiology, The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
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Smith JW, Barlas RS, Mamas MA, Boekholdt SM, Mallat Z, Luben RN, Wareham NJ, Khaw KT, Myint PK. Association between serum secretory phospholipase A2 and risk of ischaemic stroke. Eur J Neurol 2021; 28:3650-3655. [PMID: 34216520 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Previous literature has demonstrated an association between high serum levels of type II secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) concentration and an increased risk of coronary artery disease. However, such association has not been established in terms of ischaemic stroke risk. The aim was to evaluate the association between both sPLA2 concentration and activity as continuous variables with risk of future ischaemic stroke. METHODS A nested case-control study was conducted using data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfolk study. Cases (n = 145) in the current study were participants who developed ischaemic stroke during follow-up, with controls (n = 290) matched in a 2:1 ratio based on age and sex. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (version 25.0) software. Logistic regression was used to determine odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for ischaemic stroke. RESULTS After adjusting for a wide array of cardiovascular confounders, sPLA2 activity was found to be associated with an increased risk of ischaemic stroke using both multiple imputations with chained equations and complete case analysis: OR 1.20 (95% CI 1.01-1.43) and OR 1.23 (95% CI 1.01-1.49), respectively. However, sPLA2 concentration was not found to be associated with increased risk of ischaemic stroke. CONCLUSIONS The activity of sPLA2, but not sPLA2 concentration, is associated with an increased risk of future ischaemic stroke. This finding may be significant in risk group stratification, allowing targeted prophylactic treatment, or the development of novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed W Smith
- Ageing Clinical and Experimental Research, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Raphae S Barlas
- Ageing Clinical and Experimental Research, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Mamas A Mamas
- Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Centre for Prognosis Research, Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - S Matthijs Boekholdt
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine (M.B.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert N Luben
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Clinical Gerontology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Phyo K Myint
- Ageing Clinical and Experimental Research, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Aberdeen, UK
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Jin T, Lin J, Gong Y, Bi X, Hu S, Lv Q, Chen J, Li X, Chen J, Zhang W, Wang M, Fu G. iPLA 2β Contributes to ER Stress-Induced Apoptosis during Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Cells 2021; 10:1446. [PMID: 34207793 PMCID: PMC8227999 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Both calcium-independent phospholipase A2 beta (iPLA2β) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress regulate important pathophysiological processes including inflammation, calcium homeostasis and apoptosis. However, their roles in ischemic heart disease are poorly understood. Here, we show that the expression of iPLA2β is increased during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, concomitant with the induction of ER stress and the upregulation of cell death. We further show that the levels of iPLA2β in serum collected from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients and in samples collected from both in vivo and in vitro I/R injury models are significantly elevated. Further, iPLA2β knockout mice and siRNA mediated iPLA2β knockdown are employed to evaluate the ER stress and cell apoptosis during I/R injury. Additionally, cell surface protein biotinylation and immunofluorescence assays are used to trace and locate iPLA2β. Our data demonstrate the increase of iPLA2β augments ER stress and enhances cardiomyocyte apoptosis during I/R injury in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of iPLA2β ameliorates ER stress and decreases cell death. Mechanistically, iPLA2β promotes ER stress and apoptosis by translocating to ER upon myocardial I/R injury. Together, our study suggests iPLA2β contributes to ER stress-induced apoptosis during myocardial I/R injury, which may serve as a potential therapeutic target against ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, China; (T.J.); (J.L.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (S.H.); (Q.L.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, China; (T.J.); (J.L.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (S.H.); (Q.L.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Yingchao Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, China; (T.J.); (J.L.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (S.H.); (Q.L.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Xukun Bi
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, China; (T.J.); (J.L.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (S.H.); (Q.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Shasha Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, China; (T.J.); (J.L.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (S.H.); (Q.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Qingbo Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, China; (T.J.); (J.L.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (S.H.); (Q.L.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Jiaweng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, China; (T.J.); (J.L.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (S.H.); (Q.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, China; (T.J.); (J.L.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (S.H.); (Q.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Meihui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Guosheng Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, China; (T.J.); (J.L.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (S.H.); (Q.L.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.C.); (J.C.)
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Fras Z, Tršan J, Banach M. On the present and future role of Lp-PLA 2 in atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular risk prediction and management. Arch Med Sci 2021; 17:954-964. [PMID: 34336025 PMCID: PMC8314407 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.98195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating concentration and activity of secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) have been proven as biomarkers of increased risk of atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Lp-PLA2 might be part of the atherosclerotic process and may contribute to plaque destabilisation through inflammatory activity within atherosclerotic lesions. However, all attempts to translate the inhibition of phospholipase into clinically beneficial ASCVD risk reduction, including in randomised studies, by either non-specific inhibition of sPLA2 (by varespladib) or specific Lp-PLA2 inhibition by darapladib, unexpectedly failed. This gives us a strong imperative to continue research aimed at a better understanding of how Lp-PLA2 and sPLA2 regulate vascular inflammation and atherosclerotic plaque development. From the clinical viewpoint there is a need to establish and validate the existing and emerging novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies to fight against ASCVD development, by using potentially better animal models and differently designed clinical trials in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatko Fras
- Centre for Preventive Cardiology, Department of Vascular Medicine, Division of Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Chair of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jure Tršan
- Centre for Preventive Cardiology, Department of Vascular Medicine, Division of Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
- Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
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Bhardwaj A, Muthu R, Soundravally R, Pillai AB, Bammigatti C, Kadhiravan T. Circulating Secretory Phospholipase A2 Activity following Snakebites and Its Relationship with Envenomation Status and Progression of Local Swelling. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 104:1142-1148. [PMID: 33319738 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied whether circulating secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) activity reliably distinguished patients with snakebite envenomation from those with nonvenomous/dry snakebites, and whether patients with progressive local swelling had persistence of circulating sPLA2 activity despite antivenom treatment. We prospectively enrolled adults presenting to the emergency with a history of snakebite in the past 24 hours. We estimated circulating sPLA2 activity at baseline before antivenom administration and after 48 hours in those with envenomation. We enrolled 52 patients with snakebites (mean age 39.3 ± 12.6 years; 35 [67%] men), and 16 patients with infective cellulitis as controls. Thirty patients had local ± systemic envenomation; 15 were classified as dry/nonvenomous bites; and envenomation status was unclear in seven patients. Baseline sPLA2 activity was significantly higher in snakebite patients than that in those with infective cellulitis (4.64 [3.38-5.91] versus 3.38 [1.69-4.01] nmol/minute/mL; P = 0.005). Among patients with snakebites, sPLA2 activity in the highest quartile was significantly associated with envenomation (12 of 27 versus two of 22; P = 0.010). However, median sPLA2 activity did not differ significantly between patients with envenomation and the rest. Baseline sPLA2 activity was significantly associated with the maximum extent of limb swelling (P = 0.031 for trend). In envenomed patients, circulating sPLA2 activity significantly decreased after 48 hours compared with the baseline (5.49 [3.38-8.86] versus 3.38 [2.53-4.64]; P = 0.003) including those with progressive swelling. Although circulating sPLA2 activity was elevated following snakebites, its sensitivity to diagnose envenomation appears to be limited. Administration of more antivenom after systemic manifestations had reversed might not benefit patients with progressive local swelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinchan Bhardwaj
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Rajaa Muthu
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Rajendiran Soundravally
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | | | - Chanaveerappa Bammigatti
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Tamilarasu Kadhiravan
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
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Alekseeva AS, Boldyrev IA. Phospholipase A2. Methods for Activity Monitoring. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW), SUPPLEMENT SERIES A: MEMBRANE AND CELL BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990747820040030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Soppert J, Lehrke M, Marx N, Jankowski J, Noels H. Lipoproteins and lipids in cardiovascular disease: from mechanistic insights to therapeutic targeting. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:4-33. [PMID: 32730849 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With cardiovascular disease being the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, effective and cost-efficient therapies to reduce cardiovascular risk are highly needed. Lipids and lipoprotein particles crucially contribute to atherosclerosis as underlying pathology of cardiovascular disease and influence inflammatory processes as well as function of leukocytes, vascular and cardiac cells, thereby impacting on vessels and heart. Statins form the first-line therapy with the aim to block cholesterol synthesis, but additional lipid-lowering drugs are sometimes needed to achieve low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol target values. Furthermore, beyond LDL cholesterol, also other lipid mediators contribute to cardiovascular risk. This review comprehensively discusses low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein (a), triglycerides as well as fatty acids and derivatives in the context of cardiovascular disease, providing mechanistic insights into their role in pathological processes impacting on cardiovascular disease. Also, an overview of applied as well as emerging therapeutic strategies to reduce lipid-induced cardiovascular burden is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefin Soppert
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Lehrke
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Marx
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Heidi Noels
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, the Netherlands.
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Watanabe K, Taketomi Y, Miki Y, Kugiyama K, Murakami M. Group V secreted phospholipase A 2 plays a protective role against aortic dissection. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:10092-10111. [PMID: 32482892 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic dissection is a life-threatening aortopathy involving separation of the aortic wall, whose underlying mechanisms are still incompletely understood. Epidemiological evidence suggests that unsaturated fatty acids improve cardiovascular health. Here, using quantitative RT-PCR, histological analyses, magnetic cell sorting and flow cytometry assays, and MS-based lipidomics, we show that the activity of a lipid-metabolizing enzyme, secreted phospholipase A2 group V (sPLA2-V), protects against aortic dissection by endogenously mobilizing vasoprotective lipids. Global and endothelial cell-specific sPLA2-V-deficient mice frequently developed aortic dissection shortly after infusion of angiotensin II (AT-II). We observed that in the AT-II-treated aorta, endothelial sPLA2-V mobilized oleic and linoleic acids, which attenuated endoplasmic reticulum stress, increased the expression of lysyl oxidase, and thereby stabilized the extracellular matrix in the aorta. Of note, dietary supplementation with oleic or linoleic acid reversed the increased susceptibility of sPLA2-V-deficient mice to aortic dissection. These findings reveal an unexplored functional link between sPLA2-driven phospholipid metabolism and aortic stability, possibly contributing to the development of improved diagnostic and/or therapeutic strategies for preventing aortic dissection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Watanabe
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Yamanashi, Department of Internal Medicine II, Chuo, Yamanashi Japan.,Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Taketomi
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Miki
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Kugiyama
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Yamanashi, Department of Internal Medicine II, Chuo, Yamanashi Japan .,AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Murakami
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan .,Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,FORCE, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Group IIA Secretory Phospholipase A2 Predicts Graft Failure and Mortality in Renal Transplant Recipients by Mediating Decreased Kidney Function. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051282. [PMID: 32365505 PMCID: PMC7288094 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The acute phase protein group IIA secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA) has intrinsic proatherosclerotic properties. The present prospective cohort study investigated whether plasma sPLA2-IIA associates with graft failure, cardiovascular, and all-cause mortality in renal transplant recipients (RTRs), patients with accelerated atherosclerosis formation both systemically and within the graft. In 511 RTRs from a single academic center with stable graft function >1 year, baseline plasma sPLA2-IIA was determined by ELISA. Primary end points were death-censored graft failure and mortality (median follow-up, 7.0 years). Baseline sPLA2-IIA was higher in RTRs than in healthy controls (median 384 ng/dL (range 86–6951) vs. 185 ng/dL (range 104–271), p < 0.001). Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated increased risk for graft failure (p = 0.002), as well as cardiovascular (p < 0.001) and all-cause mortality (p < 0.001), with increasing sPLA2-IIA quartiles. Cox regression showed strong associations of sPLA2-IIA with increased risks of graft failure (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.42 (1.11–1.83), p = 0.006), as well as cardiovascular (HR = 1.48 (1.18−1.85), p = 0.001) and all-cause mortality (HR = 1.39 (1.17−1.64), p < 0.001), dependent on parameters of kidney function. Renal function during follow-up declined faster in RTRs with higher baseline sPLA2-IIA levels. In RTRs, sPLA2-IIA is a significant predictive biomarker for chronic graft failure, as well as overall and cardiovascular disease mortality dependent on kidney function. This dependency is conceivably explained by sPLA2-IIA impacting negatively on kidney function.
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Akinkuolie AO, Lawler PR, Chu AY, Caulfield M, Mu J, Ding B, Nyberg F, Glynn RJ, Ridker PM, Hurt-Camejo E, Chasman DI, Mora S. Group IIA Secretory Phospholipase A 2, Vascular Inflammation, and Incident Cardiovascular Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 39:1182-1190. [PMID: 31070471 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective- Inflammation is a causal risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). sPLA2-IIA (group IIA secretory phospholipase A2) plays an integral role in regulating vascular inflammation. Although studies investigated sPLA2-IIA in secondary prevention, we prospectively evaluated sPLA2-IIA mass and genetic variants with CVD events in a primary prevention population with chronic inflammation. Approach and Results- The JUPITER trial (Justification for the Use of Statins in Prevention: An Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin) randomized participants with LDL (low-density lipoprotein) <130 mg/dL and hsCRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) ≥2 mg/L to high-intensity rosuvastatin versus placebo. Baseline and 1-year plasma sPLA2-IIA mass was measured (N=11 269 baseline; N=9620 1 year). We also identified genetic variants influencing sPLA2-IIA using genome-wide association and examined them with CVD. Three hundred thirteen incident CVD events occurred during follow-up. Baseline sPLA2-IIA mass (median, 25th-75th percentile: 3.81, 2.49-6.03 ng/mL) was associated with increased risk of CVD: risk factor-adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI; P) per SD increment: 1.22 (1.08-1.38; P=0.002). This remained significant (1.18; 1.04-1.35; P=0.01) after incrementally adjusting for hsCRP. Similar estimates were observed in rosuvastatin and placebo groups ( P treatment interaction>0.05). The rs11573156C variant in PLA2G2A (encoding sPLA2-IIA) had the strongest effect on sPLA2-II: median (25th-75th percentile, ng/mL) for CC and GG genotypes: 2.79 (1.97-4.01) and 7.38 (5.38-10.19), respectively; and had nonsignificant trend for higher CVD risk (hazard ratio, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.89-1.38; P=0.34). Conclusions- In the JUPITER population recruited on chronic inflammation, sPLA2-IIA mass was associated with CVD risk relating to vascular inflammation not fully reflected by hsCRP. Additional studies, including larger functional genetic and clinical studies, are needed to determine whether sPLA2-IIA may be a potential pharmacological target for primary prevention of CVD. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00239681.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akintunde O Akinkuolie
- From the Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Division of Preventive Medicine (A.O.A., P.R.L., R.J.G., P.M.R., D.I.C., S.M.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.O.A.)
| | - Patrick R Lawler
- From the Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Division of Preventive Medicine (A.O.A., P.R.L., R.J.G., P.M.R., D.I.C., S.M.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, ON, Canada (P.R.L.).,Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre for Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (P.R.L.)
| | - Audrey Y Chu
- Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA (A.Y.C.)
| | - Michael Caulfield
- Department of Endocrinology & CVD, Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA (M.C., J.M.)
| | - Jianying Mu
- Department of Endocrinology & CVD, Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA (M.C., J.M.)
| | - Bo Ding
- Medical Evidence & Observational Research, Global Medical Affairs (B.D., F.N.), AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Nyberg
- Medical Evidence & Observational Research, Global Medical Affairs (B.D., F.N.), AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden.,Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (F.N.)
| | - Robert J Glynn
- From the Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Division of Preventive Medicine (A.O.A., P.R.L., R.J.G., P.M.R., D.I.C., S.M.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (R.J.G.)
| | - Paul M Ridker
- From the Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Division of Preventive Medicine (A.O.A., P.R.L., R.J.G., P.M.R., D.I.C., S.M.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Cardiovascular Medicine (P.M.R., S.M.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Eva Hurt-Camejo
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines (E.H.-C.), AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden.,Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (E.H.-C.)
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- From the Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Division of Preventive Medicine (A.O.A., P.R.L., R.J.G., P.M.R., D.I.C., S.M.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Samia Mora
- From the Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Division of Preventive Medicine (A.O.A., P.R.L., R.J.G., P.M.R., D.I.C., S.M.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Cardiovascular Medicine (P.M.R., S.M.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
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12
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Wu C, Su J, Wang X, Wang J, Xiao K, Li Y, Xiao Q, Ling M, Xiao Y, Qin C, Long W, Zhang F, Pan Y, Xiang F, Liu Q. Overexpression of the phospholipase A2 group V gene in glioma tumors is associated with poor patient prognosis. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:3139-3152. [PMID: 31114356 PMCID: PMC6489671 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s199207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Gliomas are the most common primary malignant neoplasms of the central nervous system. Secreted phospholipases A2 (sPLA2s) are known to play an important role in various physiological processes, including bioactive lipid production, defense mechanisms, and cell signaling. However, their roles and clinical importance in gliomas remain unclear. Patients and methods: In this study, we analyzed the association between the expression of various sPLA2-encoding genes and the clinicopathology of gliomas, using the data of 1047 patients obtained from a public database. Immunohistochemical analysis of 82 glioma tissues was also carried out to assess the relationship between phospholipase A2 group V (PLA2G5) protein expression and the World Health Organization (WHO) glioma grades. Results: We found that high PLA2G5 gene expression was associated with unfavorable prognosis in both low-grade and high-grade gliomas. The immunohistochemistry of the 82 glioma tissues further confirmed that PLA2G5 protein expression was dependent on the WHO glioma grade. In addition, we found a correlation between PLA2G5 gene expression and both epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutation status in these tumors. Conclusion: Our results indicate that PLA2G5 could be a potential biomarker for predicting poor prognosis in patients with gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwu Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junquan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Ling
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoying Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyong Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neuro-Oncology at Hunan Neurosurgery Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengqi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimin Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neuro-Oncology at Hunan Neurosurgery Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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13
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Chung O, Juonala M, Mallat Z, Hutri‐Kähönen N, Viikari JS, Raitakari OT, Magnussen CG. Tracking of secretory phospholipase A2 enzyme activity levels from childhood to adulthood: a 21‐year cohort. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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14
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Tracking of secretory phospholipase A2 enzyme activity levels from childhood to adulthood: a 21-year cohort. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2019; 95:247-254. [PMID: 29476705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) enzyme activity is a potential inflammatory biomarker for cardiovascular disease. We examined the tracking, or persistence, of sPLA2 enzyme activity levels from childhood to adulthood, and identify potentially modifiable factors affecting tracking. METHOD Prospective cohort of 1735 children (45% females) who had serum sPLA2 enzyme activity levels and other cardiovascular disease risk factors measured in 1980 that were followed-up in 2001. RESULTS sPLA2 activity tracked from childhood to adulthood for males (r=0.39) and females (r=0.45). Those who decreased body mass index relative to their peers were more likely to resolve elevated childhood sPLA2 levels than have persistent elevated sPLA2 levels in childhood and adulthood. Those who consumed less fruit, and gained more body mass index relative to their peers, began smoking or were a persistent smoker between childhood and adulthood were more likely to develop incident elevated sPLA2 levels than those with persistent not elevated sPLA2 levels. CONCLUSIONS Childhood sPLA2 enzyme activity levels associate with adult sPLA2 levels 21 years later. Healthful changes in modifiable risk factors that occur between childhood and adulthood might prevent children from developing elevated sPLA2 levels in adulthood.
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15
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Roberts R. Mendelian Randomization Studies Promise to Shorten the Journey to FDA Approval. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2018; 3:690-703. [PMID: 30456340 PMCID: PMC6234613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There has been a dearth of new drugs approved for cardiovascular disorders. The cost is prohibitive, averaging to $2.5 billion, and requiring 12.5 years. This is in large part due to the high failure rate, with only 5% approval by the Food and Drug Administration. Despite preclinical studies showing potential safety and efficacy, most fail when they go to clinical trials phase I to III. One cause for failure is the drug target, often discovered to be a biomarker rather than causative for the disease. Mendelian randomization (MR) studies would determine whether the drug target is causative and could save millions of dollars and time, and prevent unnecessary exposure to adverse drug effects. This was demonstrated in 3 clinical trials that were negative with 2 drugs, veraspladib and darapladib. MR studies during the trials showed the targets of secretory and lipoprotein-associated phospholipids A2 are not causative for coronary artery disease and predicted negative results. The requirement for MR studies is a genetic risk variant with altered function, randomized at conception that remains fixed throughout one’s lifetime. It is not confounded by dietary, lifestyle, or socioeconomic factors. It is more sensitive than randomized controlled trials because exposure to the risk factor is fixed for a lifetime. MR studies showed plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is not a causative target of coronary artery disease, and neither is uric acid, C-reactive protein, and others. MR studies are highly sensitive in determining whether drug targets are causative, and are relatively easy, inexpensive, and not time consuming. It is recommended that drug targets undergo MR studies before proceeding to randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Roberts
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona
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16
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Abstract
The importance of inflammation and inflammatory pathways in atherosclerotic disease and acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is well established. The success of statin therapy rests not only on potently reducing levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but also on the many beneficial, pleiotropic effects statin therapy has on various inflammatory mechanisms in atherosclerotic disease, from reducing endothelial dysfunction to attenuating levels of serum C-reactive protein. Due to the growing awareness of the importance of inflammation in ACS, investigators have attempted to develop novel therapies against known markers of inflammation for several decades. Targeted pathways have ranged from inhibiting C5 cleavage with a high-affinity monoclonal antibody against C5 to inhibiting the activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades. In each of these instances, despite promising early preclinical and mechanistic studies and phase 2 trials suggesting a potential benefit in reducing post-MI complications or restenosis, these novel therapies have failed to show benefits during large, phase 3 clinical outcomes trials. This review discusses several examples of novel anti-inflammatory therapies that failed to show significant improvement on clinical outcomes when tested in large, randomized trials and highlights potential explanations for why targeted therapies against known markers of inflammation in ACS have failed to launch.
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Key Words
- ACS, acute coronary syndromes
- CABG, coronary artery bypass graft
- CAD, coronary artery disease
- HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- IL, interleukin
- LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- Lp-PLA2, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MI, myocardial infarction
- NSTEMI, non–ST-segment myocardial infarction
- PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention
- PSGL, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand
- STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
- SVG, saphenous vein grafts
- TBR, tissue-to-background ratio
- acute coronary syndrome
- anti-inflammatory
- drug targets
- hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein
- sPLA2, secretory phospholipase A2
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17
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Ravindran S, Kurian GA. The role of secretory phospholipases as therapeutic targets for the treatment of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 92:7-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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18
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Sun CQ, Zhong CY, Sun WW, Xiao H, Zhu P, Lin YZ, Zhang CL, Gao H, Song ZY. Elevated Type II Secretory Phospholipase A2 Increases the Risk of Early Atherosclerosis in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Metabolic Syndrome. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34929. [PMID: 27941821 PMCID: PMC5150250 DOI: 10.1038/srep34929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical association between type II secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIa) and established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease has been demonstrated. However, the contribution of sPLA2-IIa to early atherosclerosis remains unknown. This study investigated the association between early-stage atherosclerosis and sPLA2-IIa in metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients. One hundred and thirty-six MetS patients and 120 age- and gender-matched subjects without MetS were included. Serum sPLA2-IIa protein levels and activity were measured using commercial kits. Circulating endothelial activation molecules (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), E-selectin, and P-selectin), and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), were measured as parameters of vascular endothelial dysfunction and early atherosclerosis. MetS patients exhibited significantly higher sPLA2-IIa protein and activity levels than the controls. Both correlated positively with fasting blood glucose and waist circumference in MetS patients. Additionally, MetS patients exhibited strikingly higher levels of endothelial activation molecules and increased cIMT than controls. These levels correlated positively with serum sPLA2-IIa protein levels and activity. Moreover, multivariate analysis showed that high sPLA2-IIa protein and activity levels were independent risk factors of early atherosclerosis in MetS patients. This study demonstrates an independent association between early-stage atherosclerosis and increased levels of sPLA2-IIa, implying that increased sPLA2-IIa may predict early-stage atherosclerosis in MetS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Qing Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Chun-Yan Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wei-Wei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hua Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yi-Zhang Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Chen-Liang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hao Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Song
- Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
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19
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Circulating n-3 fatty acids and trans-fatty acids, PLA2G2A gene variation and sudden cardiac arrest. J Nutr Sci 2016; 5:e12. [PMID: 27313848 PMCID: PMC4791519 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2016.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether genetic factors influence the associations of fatty acids with the risk of sudden
cardiac arrest (SCA) is largely unknown. To investigate possible gene–fatty acid
interactions on SCA risk, we used a case-only approach and measured fatty acids in
erythrocyte samples from 1869 SCA cases in a population-based repository with genetic
data. We selected 191 SNP in ENCODE-identified regulatory regions of fifty-five candidate
genes in fatty acid metabolic pathways. Using linear regression and additive genetic
models, we investigated the association of the selected SNP with erythrocyte levels of
fatty acids, including DHA, EPA and trans-fatty acids among the SCA
cases. The assumption of no association in non-cases was supported by analysis of publicly
available datasets containing over 8000 samples. None of the SNP–fatty acid associations
tested among the cases reached statistical significance after correction for multiple
comparisons. One SNP, rs4654990 near PLA2G2A, with an allele frequency of
0·33, was nominally associated with lower levels of DHA and EPA and higher levels of
trans-fatty acids. The strongest association was with DHA levels
(exponentiated coefficient for one unit (1 % of total fatty acids), 0·90, 95 % CI 0·85,
0·97; P = 0·003), indicating that for subjects with a coded allele, the
OR of SCA associated with one unit higher DHA is about 90 % what it is for subjects with
one fewer coded allele. These findings suggest that the associations of circulating
n-3 and trans-fatty acids with SCA risk may be more
pronounced in carriers of the rs4654990 G allele.
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20
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Boillot A, Demmer RT, Mallat Z, Sacco RL, Jacobs DR, Benessiano J, Tedgui A, Rundek T, Papapanou PN, Desvarieux M. Periodontal microbiota and phospholipases: the Oral Infections and Vascular Disease Epidemiology Study (INVEST). Atherosclerosis 2015; 242:418-23. [PMID: 26282947 PMCID: PMC4862208 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Periodontal infections have been linked to cardiovascular disease, including atherosclerosis, and systemic inflammation has been proposed as a possible mediator. Secretory phospholipase A2 (s-PLA2) and Lipoprotein-associated PLA2 (Lp-PLA2) are inflammatory enzymes associated with atherosclerosis. No data are available on the association between oral microbiota and PLA2s. We studied whether a relationship exists between periodontal microbiota and the activities of these enzymes. METHODS The Oral Infection and Vascular Disease Epidemiology Study (INVEST) collected subgingival biofilms and serum samples from 593 dentate men and women (age 68.7 ± 8.6 years). 4561 biofilm samples were collected in the two most posterior teeth of each quadrant (average 7/participant) for quantitative assessment of 11 bacterial species using DNA-DNA checkerboard hybridization. Mean concentration of s-PLA2 and activities of s-PLA2 and Lp-PLA2 were regressed on tertiles of etiologic dominance (ED). ED is defined as the level of presumed periodontopathic species/combined level of all eleven species measured, and represents the relative abundance of periodontopathic organisms. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, smoking, BMI, diabetes, LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure. RESULTS Higher levels of s-PLA2 activity were observed across increasing tertiles of etiologic dominance (0.66 ± 0.04 nmol ml(-1) min(-1), 0.73 ± 0.04 nmol ml(-1) min(-1), 0.89 ± 0.04 nmol ml-1 min-1; p < 0.001), with also a trend of association between Lp-PLA2 activity and ED (p = 0.07), while s-PLA2 concentration was unrelated to ED. CONCLUSION Increasingly greater s-PLA2 activity at higher tertiles of etiologic dominance may provide a mechanistic explanatory link of the relationship between periodontal microbiota and vascular diseases. Additional studies investigating the role of s-PLA2 are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Boillot
- Department of Periodontology, Rothschild Hospital (AP-HP); University Paris 7, 5 Rue Santerre, Paris, France; INSERM U1018, University of Versailles St Quentin. Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France
| | - Ryan T Demmer
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Inserm U970; Cardiovascular Research Center, and Université Paris-Descartes University, F-75015, Paris, France; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ralph L Sacco
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - David R Jacobs
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joelle Benessiano
- Service de Biochimie, Hôpital Bichat, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alain Tedgui
- Inserm U970; Cardiovascular Research Center, and Université Paris-Descartes University, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Panos N Papapanou
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Moïse Desvarieux
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; INSERM Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Center, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 1153, Paris, France.
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21
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Talmud PJ, Holmes MV. Deciphering the Causal Role of sPLA2s and Lp-PLA2 in Coronary Heart Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:2281-9. [PMID: 26338298 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.305234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 10 to 15 years, animal and human observational studies have identified elevated levels of both proinflammatory secretory phospholipase A2-IIA and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 as potential risk factors for coronary heart disease. However, Mendelian randomization, a genetic tool to test causality of a biomarker, and phase III randomized controlled trials of inhibitors of theses enzymes (varespladib and darapladib) converged to indicate that elevated levels are unlikely to be themselves causal of coronary heart disease and that inhibition had little or no clinical utility. The concordance of findings from Mendelian randomization and clinical trials suggests that for these 2 drugs, and for other novel biomarkers in future, validation of potential therapeutic targets by genetic studies (such as Mendelian randomization) before embarking on costly phase III randomized controlled trials could increase efficiency and offset the high risk of drug development, thereby facilitating discovery of new therapeutics and mitigating against the exuberant costs of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa J Talmud
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK (P.J.T.); and Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (M.V.H.).
| | - Michael V Holmes
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK (P.J.T.); and Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (M.V.H.)
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22
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Rached F, Lhomme M, Camont L, Gomes F, Dauteuille C, Robillard P, Santos RD, Lesnik P, Serrano CV, Chapman MJ, Kontush A. Defective functionality of small, dense HDL3 subpopulations in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction: Relevance of enrichment in lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidic acid and serum amyloid A. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:1254-61. [PMID: 26037829 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) are typical of acute myocardial infarction (MI) and predict risk of recurrent cardiovascular events. The potential relationships between modifications in the molecular composition and the functionality of HDL subpopulations in acute MI however remain indeterminate. METHODS AND RESULTS ST segment elevation MI (STEMI) patients were recruited within 24h after diagnosis (n=16) and featured low HDL-C (-31%, p<0.05) and acute-phase inflammation (determined as marked elevations in C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A (SAA) and interleukin-6) as compared to age- and sex-matched controls (n=10). STEMI plasma HDL and its subpopulations (HDL2b, 2a, 3a, 3b, 3c) displayed attenuated cholesterol efflux capacity from THP-1 cells (up to -32%, p<0.01, on a unit phospholipid mass basis) vs. CONTROLS Plasma HDL and small, dense HDL3b and 3c subpopulations from STEMI patients exhibited reduced anti-oxidative activity (up to -68%, p<0.05, on a unit HDL mass basis). HDL subpopulations in STEMI were enriched in two proinflammatory bioactive lipids, lysophosphatidylcholine (up to 3.0-fold, p<0.05) and phosphatidic acid (up to 8.4-fold, p<0.05), depleted in apolipoprotein A-I (up to -23%, p<0.05) and enriched in SAA (up to +10.2-fold, p<0.05); such changes were most marked in the HDL3b subfraction. In vitro HDL enrichment in both lysophosphatidylcholine and phosphatidic acid exerted deleterious effects on HDL functionality. CONCLUSIONS In the early phase of STEMI, HDL particle subpopulations display marked, concomitant alterations in both lipidome and proteome which are implicated in impaired HDL functionality. Such modifications may act synergistically to confer novel deleterious biological activities to STEMI HDL. SIGNIFICANCE Our present data highlight complex changes in the molecular composition and functionality of HDL particle subpopulations in the acute phase of STEMI, and for the first time, reveal that concomitant modifications in both the lipidome and proteome contribute to functional deficiencies in cholesterol efflux and antioxidative activities of HDL particles. These findings may provide new biomarkers and new insights in therapeutic strategy to reduce cardiovascular risk in this clinical setting where such net deficiency in HDL function, multiplied by low circulating HDL concentrations, can be expected to contribute to accelerated atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Rached
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR-ICAN 1166, University of Pierre and Marie Curie - Paris 6; Pitié-Salpétrière University Hospital, ICAN, Paris, France; Heart Institute-InCor, University of Sao Paulo Medical School Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marie Lhomme
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR-ICAN 1166, University of Pierre and Marie Curie - Paris 6; Pitié-Salpétrière University Hospital, ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Camont
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR-ICAN 1166, University of Pierre and Marie Curie - Paris 6; Pitié-Salpétrière University Hospital, ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Fernando Gomes
- Heart Institute-InCor, University of Sao Paulo Medical School Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolane Dauteuille
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR-ICAN 1166, University of Pierre and Marie Curie - Paris 6; Pitié-Salpétrière University Hospital, ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Paul Robillard
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR-ICAN 1166, University of Pierre and Marie Curie - Paris 6; Pitié-Salpétrière University Hospital, ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Raul D Santos
- Heart Institute-InCor, University of Sao Paulo Medical School Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Philippe Lesnik
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR-ICAN 1166, University of Pierre and Marie Curie - Paris 6; Pitié-Salpétrière University Hospital, ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Carlos V Serrano
- Heart Institute-InCor, University of Sao Paulo Medical School Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - M John Chapman
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR-ICAN 1166, University of Pierre and Marie Curie - Paris 6; Pitié-Salpétrière University Hospital, ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Anatol Kontush
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR-ICAN 1166, University of Pierre and Marie Curie - Paris 6; Pitié-Salpétrière University Hospital, ICAN, Paris, France.
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Guardiola M, Exeter HJ, Perret C, Folkersen L, van’t Hooft F, Eriksson P, Franco-Cereceda A, Paulsson-Berne G, Palmen J, Li K, Cooper JA, Khaw KT, Mallat Z, Ninio E, Karabina SA, Humphries SE, Boekholdt SM, Holmes MV, Talmud PJ. PLA2G10
Gene Variants, sPLA2 Activity, and Coronary Heart Disease Risk. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 8:356-62. [DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.114.000633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Observational studies report that secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) activity is a marker for coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, and activity measures are thought to represent the composite activity of sPLA2-IIA, -V, and -X. The aim of this study was to use genetic variants of
PLA2G10
, encoding sPLA2-X, to investigate the contribution of sPLA2-X to the measure of sPLA2 activity and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk traits and outcome.
Methods and Results—
Three
PLA2G10
tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs72546339, rs72546340, and rs4003232) and a previously studied
PLA2G10
coding single-nucleotide polymorphism rs4003228, R38C, were genotyped in a nested case: control cohort drawn from the prospective EPIC-Norfolk Study (2175 cases and 2175 controls). Meta-analysis of rs4003228 (R38C) and CHD was performed using data from the Northwick Park Heart Study II and 2 published cohorts AtheroGene and SIPLAC, providing in total an additional 1884 cases and 3119 controls. EPIC-Norfolk subjects in the highest tertile of sPLA2 activity were older and had higher inflammatory markers compared with those in the lowest tertile for sPLA2 activity. None of the
PLA2G10
tagging single-nucleotide polymorphism nor R38C, a functional variant, were significantly associated with sPLA2 activity, intermediate CHD risk traits, or CHD risk. In meta-analysis, the summary odds ratio for R38C was odds ratio=0.97 (95% confidence interval, 0.77–1.22).
Conclusions—
PLA2G10
variants are not significantly associated with plasma sPLA2 activity or with CHD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montse Guardiola
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science (M.G., H.J.E., J.P., K.W.L., J.A.C., S.E.H., P.J.T.), and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.V.H.), University College London, London, UK; Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERDEM, IISPV, Reus, Spain (M.G.); Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases Team, ICAN, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, INSERM UMR_S
| | - Holly J. Exeter
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science (M.G., H.J.E., J.P., K.W.L., J.A.C., S.E.H., P.J.T.), and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.V.H.), University College London, London, UK; Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERDEM, IISPV, Reus, Spain (M.G.); Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases Team, ICAN, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, INSERM UMR_S
| | - Claire Perret
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science (M.G., H.J.E., J.P., K.W.L., J.A.C., S.E.H., P.J.T.), and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.V.H.), University College London, London, UK; Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERDEM, IISPV, Reus, Spain (M.G.); Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases Team, ICAN, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, INSERM UMR_S
| | - Lasse Folkersen
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science (M.G., H.J.E., J.P., K.W.L., J.A.C., S.E.H., P.J.T.), and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.V.H.), University College London, London, UK; Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERDEM, IISPV, Reus, Spain (M.G.); Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases Team, ICAN, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, INSERM UMR_S
| | - Ferdinand van’t Hooft
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science (M.G., H.J.E., J.P., K.W.L., J.A.C., S.E.H., P.J.T.), and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.V.H.), University College London, London, UK; Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERDEM, IISPV, Reus, Spain (M.G.); Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases Team, ICAN, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, INSERM UMR_S
| | - Per Eriksson
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science (M.G., H.J.E., J.P., K.W.L., J.A.C., S.E.H., P.J.T.), and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.V.H.), University College London, London, UK; Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERDEM, IISPV, Reus, Spain (M.G.); Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases Team, ICAN, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, INSERM UMR_S
| | - Anders Franco-Cereceda
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science (M.G., H.J.E., J.P., K.W.L., J.A.C., S.E.H., P.J.T.), and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.V.H.), University College London, London, UK; Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERDEM, IISPV, Reus, Spain (M.G.); Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases Team, ICAN, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, INSERM UMR_S
| | - Gabrielle Paulsson-Berne
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science (M.G., H.J.E., J.P., K.W.L., J.A.C., S.E.H., P.J.T.), and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.V.H.), University College London, London, UK; Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERDEM, IISPV, Reus, Spain (M.G.); Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases Team, ICAN, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, INSERM UMR_S
| | - Jutta Palmen
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science (M.G., H.J.E., J.P., K.W.L., J.A.C., S.E.H., P.J.T.), and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.V.H.), University College London, London, UK; Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERDEM, IISPV, Reus, Spain (M.G.); Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases Team, ICAN, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, INSERM UMR_S
| | - KaWah Li
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science (M.G., H.J.E., J.P., K.W.L., J.A.C., S.E.H., P.J.T.), and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.V.H.), University College London, London, UK; Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERDEM, IISPV, Reus, Spain (M.G.); Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases Team, ICAN, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, INSERM UMR_S
| | - Jackie A. Cooper
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science (M.G., H.J.E., J.P., K.W.L., J.A.C., S.E.H., P.J.T.), and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.V.H.), University College London, London, UK; Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERDEM, IISPV, Reus, Spain (M.G.); Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases Team, ICAN, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, INSERM UMR_S
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science (M.G., H.J.E., J.P., K.W.L., J.A.C., S.E.H., P.J.T.), and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.V.H.), University College London, London, UK; Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERDEM, IISPV, Reus, Spain (M.G.); Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases Team, ICAN, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, INSERM UMR_S
| | - Ziad Mallat
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science (M.G., H.J.E., J.P., K.W.L., J.A.C., S.E.H., P.J.T.), and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.V.H.), University College London, London, UK; Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERDEM, IISPV, Reus, Spain (M.G.); Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases Team, ICAN, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, INSERM UMR_S
| | - Ewa Ninio
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science (M.G., H.J.E., J.P., K.W.L., J.A.C., S.E.H., P.J.T.), and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.V.H.), University College London, London, UK; Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERDEM, IISPV, Reus, Spain (M.G.); Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases Team, ICAN, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, INSERM UMR_S
| | - Sonia-Athina Karabina
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science (M.G., H.J.E., J.P., K.W.L., J.A.C., S.E.H., P.J.T.), and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.V.H.), University College London, London, UK; Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERDEM, IISPV, Reus, Spain (M.G.); Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases Team, ICAN, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, INSERM UMR_S
| | - Steve E. Humphries
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science (M.G., H.J.E., J.P., K.W.L., J.A.C., S.E.H., P.J.T.), and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.V.H.), University College London, London, UK; Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERDEM, IISPV, Reus, Spain (M.G.); Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases Team, ICAN, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, INSERM UMR_S
| | - S. Matthijs Boekholdt
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science (M.G., H.J.E., J.P., K.W.L., J.A.C., S.E.H., P.J.T.), and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.V.H.), University College London, London, UK; Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERDEM, IISPV, Reus, Spain (M.G.); Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases Team, ICAN, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, INSERM UMR_S
| | - Michael V. Holmes
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science (M.G., H.J.E., J.P., K.W.L., J.A.C., S.E.H., P.J.T.), and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.V.H.), University College London, London, UK; Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERDEM, IISPV, Reus, Spain (M.G.); Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases Team, ICAN, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, INSERM UMR_S
| | - Philippa J. Talmud
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science (M.G., H.J.E., J.P., K.W.L., J.A.C., S.E.H., P.J.T.), and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.V.H.), University College London, London, UK; Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERDEM, IISPV, Reus, Spain (M.G.); Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases Team, ICAN, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, INSERM UMR_S
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Sahmani M, Darabi M, Darabi M, Dabaghi T, Alizadeh SA, Najafipour R. The 763C>G Polymorphism of The Secretory PLA2IIa Gene Is Associated with Endometriosis in Iranian Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2015; 8:437-44. [PMID: 25780526 PMCID: PMC4355930 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2015.4184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disease resulting from complex
interactions between genetic, hormonal, environmental and oxidative stress and intrinsic
inflammatory components. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential association of the 763C>G polymorphism in the secretory phospholipase A2 group IIa gene
(PLA2G2A) with the risk of endometriosis in Iranian women. Materials and Methods Ninety seven patients with endometriosis along with 107 women who were negative for endometriosis after laparoscopy and laparatomy, and served as
the control group, were enrolled for this cross-sectional study. Samples were genotyped
using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Results Multivariate analysis was used to examine the association between the risk of endometriosis and the 763C>G polymorphism of PLA2G2A. Genotype distributions of PLA2G2A were significantly different between patients and the controls (p<0.001, OR=0.22, 95%
CI=0.21-0.39). Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant association between
the normal homozygous genotype and susceptibility to endometriosis (p<0.001). Conclusion The present study suggests that the 763C>G polymorphism of PLA2G2A plays
an important role as an independent factor in the risk of endometriosis in Iranian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sahmani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Masoud Darabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Darabi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | | | - Safar Ali Alizadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Reza Najafipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Shuvalova YA, Khasanova ZB, Kaminnaya VI, Samoilova EV, Korotaeva AA, Rubanovich AV, Kaminnyi AI. The association of PLA2G2A single nucleotide polymorphisms with type IIa secretory phospholipase A2 level but not its activity in patients with stable coronary heart disease. Gene 2015; 564:29-34. [PMID: 25794429 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the secretory phospholipase A2 type IIa (sPLA-IIa) gene (PLA2G2A) affect sPLA2-IIa level and activity in patients with diabetes mellitus, acute coronary syndrome or recent cardiovascular surgical interventions. Our study examined the effects of PLA2G2A SNPs on sPLA2-IIa levels and activity in patients with stable CHD. METHODS AND RESULTS The study included a total of 396 patients (30% women). Six SNPs of PLA2G2A: rs1774131, rs11573156, rs3753827, rs2236771, rs876018, and rs3767221, sPLA2-IIa level and activity were determined for all patients. Four SNPs (rs1774131, rs11573156, rs3753827, rs3767221) correlated with sPLA2-IIa level but not activity with the strongest correlation observed for rs11573156 (r=0.49, p=3.7·10(-13)). All partial correlations controlling for rs11573156 became insignificant, whereas, the partial correlation of rs11573156 with sPLA2-IIa level controlling for other SNPs remained significant. Only rs11573156 showed association with sPLA2-IIa level in multiple regression analysis. Haplotype CGGGTT was associated with a significantly higher sPLA2-IIa level but not activity compared with all other haplotypes after adjustment for gender, age, diabetes mellitus and statin use (p=0.0023). CONCLUSIONS According to our results the examined SNPs affect the sPLA2-IIa level to a greater extent than its activity in patients with stable CHD. It seems that, the impact of these SNPs on sPLA2-IIa level is caused by their linkage to rs11573156 whose minor alleles were associated with higher sPLA2-IIa level. At the same time haplotype CGGGTT, which includes the minor allele of rs11573156, was the dominant haplotype and was associated with the highest sPLA2-IIa level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia A Shuvalova
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Department of Atherosclerosis Problems, 3rd Cherepkovskaya str, 15a, Moscow 121552, Russia.
| | - Zukhra B Khasanova
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Laboratory of Medical Genetics, 3rd Cherepkovskaya str, 15a, Moscow 121552, Russia
| | - Violetta I Kaminnaya
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Department of Atherosclerosis Problems, 3rd Cherepkovskaya str, 15a, Moscow 121552, Russia
| | - Elena V Samoilova
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, 3rd Cherepkovskaya str, 15a, Moscow 121552, Russia
| | - Alexandra A Korotaeva
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, 3rd Cherepkovskaya str, 15a, Moscow 121552, Russia
| | - Alexander V Rubanovich
- Institute of General Genetics named Vavilov N. I., Department of Genetic Safety, Laboratory of Ecological Genetics, Gubkina str, 3, Moscow 117971, Russia
| | - Alexander I Kaminnyi
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Department of Atherosclerosis Problems, 3rd Cherepkovskaya str, 15a, Moscow 121552, Russia
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26
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Tremblay BL, Cormier H, Rudkowska I, Lemieux S, Couture P, Vohl MC. Association between polymorphisms in phospholipase A2 genes and the plasma triglyceride response to an n-3 PUFA supplementation: a clinical trial. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:12. [PMID: 25889305 PMCID: PMC4342012 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fish oil-derived long-chain omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), reduce plasma triglyceride (TG) levels. Genetic factors such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) found in genes involved in metabolic pathways of n-3 PUFA could be responsible for well-recognized heterogeneity in plasma TG response to n-3 PUFA supplementation. Previous studies have shown that genes in the glycerophospholipid metabolism such as phospholipase A2 (PLA2) group II, IV, and VI, demonstrate changes in their expression levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after n-3 PUFA supplementation. METHODS A total of 208 subjects consumed 3 g/day of n-3 PUFA for 6 weeks. Plasma lipids were measured before and after the supplementation period. Five SNPs in PLA2G2A, six in PLA2G2C, eight in PLA2G2D, six in PLA2G2F, 22 in PLA2G4A, five in PLA2G6, and nine in PLA2G7 were genotyped. The MIXED Procedure for repeated measures adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and energy intake was used in order to test whether the genotype, supplementation or interaction (genotype by supplementation) were associated with plasma TG levels. RESULTS The n-3 PUFA supplementation had an independent effect on plasma TG levels. Genotype effects on plasma TG levels were observed for rs2301475 in PLA2G2C, rs818571 in PLA2G2F, and rs1569480 in PLA2G4A. Genotype x supplementation interaction effects on plasma TG levels were observed for rs1805018 in PLA2G7 as well as for rs10752979, rs10737277, rs7540602, and rs3820185 in PLA2G4A. CONCLUSION These results suggest that, SNPs in PLA2 genes may influence plasma TG levels during a supplementation with n-3 PUFA. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01343342.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte L Tremblay
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Hubert Cormier
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Iwona Rudkowska
- CHU de Québec Research Center - Endocrinology and Nephrology, 2705 Laurier Blvd, Quebec, QC, Canada.
| | - Simone Lemieux
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Patrick Couture
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada. .,CHU de Québec Research Center - Endocrinology and Nephrology, 2705 Laurier Blvd, Quebec, QC, Canada.
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada. .,CHU de Québec Research Center - Endocrinology and Nephrology, 2705 Laurier Blvd, Quebec, QC, Canada.
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Mokry LE, Ahmad O, Forgetta V, Thanassoulis G, Richards JB. Mendelian randomisation applied to drug development in cardiovascular disease: a review. J Med Genet 2014; 52:71-9. [DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Holmes MV, Exeter HJ, Folkersen L, Nelson CP, Guardiola M, Cooper JA, Sofat R, Boekholdt SM, Khaw KT, Li KW, Smith AJP, Van't Hooft F, Eriksson P, Franco-Cereceda A, Asselbergs FW, Boer JMA, Onland-Moret NC, Hofker M, Erdmann J, Kivimaki M, Kumari M, Reiner AP, Keating BJ, Humphries SE, Hingorani AD, Mallat Z, Samani NJ, Talmud PJ. Novel genetic approach to investigate the role of plasma secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2)-V isoenzyme in coronary heart disease: modified Mendelian randomization analysis using PLA2G5 expression levels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 7:144-50. [PMID: 24563418 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.113.000271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) enzymes are considered to play a role in atherosclerosis. sPLA2 activity encompasses several sPLA2 isoenzymes, including sPLA2-V. Although observational studies show a strong association between elevated sPLA2 activity and CHD, no assay to measure sPLA2-V levels exists, and the only evidence linking the sPLA2-V isoform to atherosclerosis progression comes from animal studies. In the absence of an assay that directly quantifies sPLA2-V levels, we used PLA2G5 mRNA levels in a novel, modified Mendelian randomization approach to investigate the hypothesized causal role of sPLA2-V in coronary heart disease (CHD) pathogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS Using data from the Advanced Study of Aortic Pathology, we identified the single-nucleotide polymorphism in PLA2G5 showing the strongest association with PLA2G5 mRNA expression levels as a proxy for sPLA2-V levels. We tested the association of this SNP with sPLA2 activity and CHD events in 4 prospective and 14 case-control studies with 27 230 events and 70 500 controls. rs525380C>A showed the strongest association with PLA2G5 mRNA expression (P=5.1×10(-6)). There was no association of rs525380C>A with plasma sPLA2 activity (difference in geometric mean of sPLA2 activity per rs525380 A-allele 0.4% (95% confidence intervals [-0.9%, 1.6%]; P=0.56). In meta-analyses, the odds ratio for CHD per A-allele was 1.02 (95% confidence intervals [0.99, 1.04]; P=0.20). CONCLUSIONS This novel approach for single-nucleotide polymorphism selection for this modified Mendelian randomization analysis showed no association between rs525380 (the lead single-nucleotide polymorphism for PLA2G5 expression, a surrogate for sPLA2-V levels) and CHD events. The evidence does not support a causal role for sPLA2-V in CHD.
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Santoso A, Kaniawati M, Bakri S, Yusuf I. Secretory Phospholipase A2 Is Associated with the Odds of Acute Coronary Syndromes through Elevation of Serum Amyloid-A Protein. Int J Angiol 2014; 22:49-54. [PMID: 24436584 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1334093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In coronary heart disease (CHD), levels of secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) are commonly increased. Serum amyloid-A (SAA) is increased in acute coronary syndromes (ACS) as well. It is needed to verify the hypotheses that sPLA2 is associated with the odds of ACS through elevation of SAA. We conducted a case-control study with 57 male patients with ACS and 30 controls matched by gender category. Levels of sPLA2, SAA, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured by immunoreactive assay on the basis of a double-antibody sandwich technique. Levels of sPLA2, MPO, and SAA were significantly higher in patients than those in controls (11,359.0 ± 10,372.4 pg/mL vs. 1,320.5 ± 654.5 pg/mL, p = 0.00; 438.6 ± 310.7 ng/mL vs. 271.1 ± 176.8 ng/mL, p = 0.01; 10,995.2 ± 2,842.6 ng/mL vs. 3,861.7 ± 3,173.5 ng/mL, p = 0.00). There were significant correlations between age, visceral obesity, MPO, sPLA2, and SAA (r = 0.43; p = 0.00; r = 0.30; p = 0.00; r = 0.28; p = 0.00 and r = 0.53; p = 0.00). On multivariate logistic regression analyses, there were significant and independent associations between sPLA2 and SAA with odds of ACS [OR (95% CI) = 14.2 (2.1 to 98.6), p = 0.00; OR (95% CI) = 44.9 (6.9 to 328.4), p = 0.00]. Our findings suggest that sPLA2 may be associated with the odds of ACS compared with controls through increased inflammation, represented by elevated SAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Santoso
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Harapan Kita Hospital, National Cardiovascular Centre, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Marita Kaniawati
- School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Syakib Bakri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Irawan Yusuf
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
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Holmes MV, Simon T, Exeter HJ, Folkersen L, Asselbergs FW, Guardiola M, Cooper JA, Palmen J, Hubacek JA, Carruthers KF, Horne BD, Brunisholz KD, Mega JL, van Iperen EPA, Li M, Leusink M, Trompet S, Verschuren JJW, Hovingh GK, Dehghan A, Nelson CP, Kotti S, Danchin N, Scholz M, Haase CL, Rothenbacher D, Swerdlow DI, Kuchenbaecker KB, Staines-Urias E, Goel A, van 't Hooft F, Gertow K, de Faire U, Panayiotou AG, Tremoli E, Baldassarre D, Veglia F, Holdt LM, Beutner F, Gansevoort RT, Navis GJ, Mateo Leach I, Breitling LP, Brenner H, Thiery J, Dallmeier D, Franco-Cereceda A, Boer JMA, Stephens JW, Hofker MH, Tedgui A, Hofman A, Uitterlinden AG, Adamkova V, Pitha J, Onland-Moret NC, Cramer MJ, Nathoe HM, Spiering W, Klungel OH, Kumari M, Whincup PH, Morrow DA, Braund PS, Hall AS, Olsson AG, Doevendans PA, Trip MD, Tobin MD, Hamsten A, Watkins H, Koenig W, Nicolaides AN, Teupser D, Day INM, Carlquist JF, Gaunt TR, Ford I, Sattar N, Tsimikas S, Schwartz GG, Lawlor DA, Morris RW, Sandhu MS, Poledne R, Maitland-van der Zee AH, Khaw KT, Keating BJ, van der Harst P, Price JF, Mehta SR, Yusuf S, Witteman JCM, Franco OH, Jukema JW, de Knijff P, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Rader DJ, Farrall M, Samani NJ, Kivimaki M, Fox KAA, Humphries SE, Anderson JL, Boekholdt SM, Palmer TM, Eriksson P, Paré G, Hingorani AD, Sabatine MS, Mallat Z, Casas JP, Talmud PJ. Secretory phospholipase A(2)-IIA and cardiovascular disease: a mendelian randomization study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 62:1966-1976. [PMID: 23916927 PMCID: PMC3826105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to investigate the role of secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2)-IIA in cardiovascular disease. BACKGROUND Higher circulating levels of sPLA2-IIA mass or sPLA2 enzyme activity have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. However, it is not clear if this association is causal. A recent phase III clinical trial of an sPLA2 inhibitor (varespladib) was stopped prematurely for lack of efficacy. METHODS We conducted a Mendelian randomization meta-analysis of 19 general population studies (8,021 incident, 7,513 prevalent major vascular events [MVE] in 74,683 individuals) and 10 acute coronary syndrome (ACS) cohorts (2,520 recurrent MVE in 18,355 individuals) using rs11573156, a variant in PLA2G2A encoding the sPLA2-IIA isoenzyme, as an instrumental variable. RESULTS PLA2G2A rs11573156 C allele associated with lower circulating sPLA2-IIA mass (38% to 44%) and sPLA2 enzyme activity (3% to 23%) per C allele. The odds ratio (OR) for MVE per rs11573156 C allele was 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.98 to 1.06) in general populations and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.90 to 1.03) in ACS cohorts. In the general population studies, the OR derived from the genetic instrumental variable analysis for MVE for a 1-log unit lower sPLA2-IIA mass was 1.04 (95% CI: 0.96 to 1.13), and differed from the non-genetic observational estimate (OR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.61 to 0.79). In the ACS cohorts, both the genetic instrumental variable and observational ORs showed a null association with MVE. Instrumental variable analysis failed to show associations between sPLA2 enzyme activity and MVE. CONCLUSIONS Reducing sPLA2-IIA mass is unlikely to be a useful therapeutic goal for preventing cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Holmes
- Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Tabassome Simon
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, URC-EST, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; INSERM, U 698, Paris, France
| | - Holly J Exeter
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lasse Folkersen
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Montse Guardiola
- Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERDEM, Reus, Spain
| | - Jackie A Cooper
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jutta Palmen
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jaroslav A Hubacek
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kathryn F Carruthers
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin D Horne
- Intermountain Heart Institute, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Jessica L Mega
- TIMI Study Group, Divison of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erik P A van Iperen
- Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mingyao Li
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Maarten Leusink
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - G Kees Hovingh
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Member of the Netherlands Consortium on Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Christopher P Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Salma Kotti
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, URC-EST, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Danchin
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Department of Cardiology, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Paris V, Paris, France
| | - Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; LIFE: Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christiane L Haase
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dietrich Rothenbacher
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany; Division of Clinical Epidemiology & Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel I Swerdlow
- Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karoline B Kuchenbaecker
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eleonora Staines-Urias
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anuj Goel
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ferdinand van 't Hooft
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl Gertow
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf de Faire
- Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrie G Panayiotou
- Cyprus Cardiovascular Educational and Research Trust, Nicosia, Cyprus and Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health in association with the Harvard School of Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Universitá di Milano, Milan, Italy; Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Damiano Baldassarre
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Universitá di Milano, Milan, Italy; Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Lesca M Holdt
- LIFE: Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Munich (LMU), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank Beutner
- LIFE: Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ron T Gansevoort
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Internal Medicine, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerjan J Navis
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Internal Medicine, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Irene Mateo Leach
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lutz P Breitling
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology & Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology & Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Thiery
- LIFE: Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dhayana Dallmeier
- Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anders Franco-Cereceda
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jolanda M A Boer
- Department for Nutrition and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey W Stephens
- Diabetes Research Group, Institute of Life Sciences, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Marten H Hofker
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alain Tedgui
- Inserm U970, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Member of the Netherlands Consortium on Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Member of the Netherlands Consortium on Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vera Adamkova
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pitha
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - N Charlotte Onland-Moret
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten J Cramer
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hendrik M Nathoe
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wilko Spiering
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Olaf H Klungel
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Meena Kumari
- Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter H Whincup
- Division of Population Health Sciences and Education, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David A Morrow
- TIMI Study Group, Divison of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter S Braund
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair S Hall
- Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Anders G Olsson
- Stockholm Heart Center, Stockholm, and Linköping University, Linkőping, Sweden
| | - Pieter A Doevendans
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mieke D Trip
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martin D Tobin
- Departments of Health Sciences & Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Anders Hamsten
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andrew N Nicolaides
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Cyprus Cardiovascular Educational and Research Trust, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Daniel Teupser
- LIFE: Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Munich (LMU), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ian N M Day
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, URC-EST, Paris, France
| | - John F Carlquist
- Intermountain Heart Institute, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Tom R Gaunt
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (CAiTE), and Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories (BGEL), School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Ford
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Naveed Sattar
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Sotirios Tsimikas
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Gregory G Schwartz
- VA Medical Center and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado
| | - Debbie A Lawlor
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (CAiTE), and Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories (BGEL), School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Richard W Morris
- Department of Primary Care & Population Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manjinder S Sandhu
- VA Medical Center and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado
| | - Rudolf Poledne
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anke H Maitland-van der Zee
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Brendan J Keating
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Pim van der Harst
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jackie F Price
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Shamir R Mehta
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Interventional Cardiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Salim Yusuf
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jaqueline C M Witteman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Member of the Netherlands Consortium on Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Member of the Netherlands Consortium on Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter de Knijff
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, Penn Heart and Vascular Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Martin Farrall
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Keith A A Fox
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Steve E Humphries
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey L Anderson
- Intermountain Heart Institute, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - S Matthijs Boekholdt
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tom M Palmer
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Per Eriksson
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guillaume Paré
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aroon D Hingorani
- Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marc S Sabatine
- TIMI Study Group, Divison of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Inserm U970, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Juan P Casas
- Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Philippa J Talmud
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Hurt-Camejo E, Gautier T, Rosengren B, Dikkers A, Behrendt M, Grass DS, Rader DJ, Tietge UJF. Expression of type IIA secretory phospholipase A2 inhibits cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity in transgenic mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:2707-14. [PMID: 24115030 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.301410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High circulating levels of group IIA secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA) activity and mass are independent cardiovascular risk factors. Therefore, inhibition of sPLA2-IIA may be a target for the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The present study evaluated the effects of sPLA2-IIA inhibition with varespladib acid in a novel mouse model, human apolipoprotein B (apoB)/human cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP)/human sPLA2-IIA triple transgenic mice (TTT) fed a Western-type diet. APPROACH AND RESULTS sPLA2-IIA expression increased atherosclerotic lesion formation in TTT compared with human apoB/human CETP double transgenic mice (P<0.01). Varespladib acid effectively inhibited plasma sPLA2-IIA activity. Surprisingly, however, administration of varespladib acid to TTT had no impact on atherosclerosis, which could be attributed to a proatherogenic plasma lipoprotein profile that appears in response to sPLA2-IIA inhibition because of increased plasma CETP activity. In the TTT model, sPLA2-IIA decreased CETP activity by reducing the acceptor properties of sPLA2-IIA-modified very low-density lipoproteins specifically because of a significantly lower apoE content. Increasing very low-density lipoprotein-apoE content by means of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer in sPLA2-IIA transgenic mice restored the acceptor properties for CETP. CONCLUSIONS These data show that in a humanized triple transgenic mouse model with hypercholesterolemia, sPLA2-IIA inhibition increases CETP activity via increasing the very low-density lipoprotein-apoE content, resulting in a proatherogenic lipoprotein profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hurt-Camejo
- From the Department of Bioscience, CVMD iMED, AstraZeneca, R&D, Mölndal, Sweden (E.H.-C., B.R., M.B.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (T.G., A.D., U.J.F.T.); INSERM UMR866, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France (T.G.); Taconic, Hudson, NY (D.S.G.); and Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (D.J.R.)
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Inflammatory biomarkers for predicting cardiovascular disease. Clin Biochem 2013; 46:1353-71. [PMID: 23756129 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pathology of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is complex; multiple biological pathways have been implicated, including, but not limited to, inflammation and oxidative stress. Biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress may serve to help identify patients at risk for CVD, to monitor the efficacy of treatments, and to develop new pharmacological tools. However, due to the complexities of CVD pathogenesis there is no single biomarker available to estimate absolute risk of future cardiovascular events. Furthermore, not all biomarkers are equal; the functions of many biomarkers overlap, some offer better prognostic information than others, and some are better suited to identify/predict the pathogenesis of particular cardiovascular events. The identification of the most appropriate set of biomarkers can provide a detailed picture of the specific nature of the cardiovascular event. The following review provides an overview of existing and emerging inflammatory biomarkers, pro-inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, oxidative stress biomarkers, and antioxidant biomarkers. The functions of each biomarker are discussed, and prognostic data are provided where available.
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Granér M, Tikkanen E, Rimpilä O, Tikkanen H, Ripatti S, Lokki ML, Nieminen MS, Taskinen MR, Sinisalo J. Diagnostic efficacy of myeloperoxidase to identify acute coronary syndrome in subjects with chest pain. Ann Med 2013; 45:322-7. [PMID: 23651064 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2013.783996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is frequently a challenging task. AIMS To assess the role of novel biomarkers to identify ACS. METHODS Concentrations of lipids, lipoproteins, oxidized LDL (oxLDL), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), paraoxonase-1 (PON1), secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured in 703 patients (mean age 65.5 ± 11.2 years; 422 men, 281 women) without diabetes mellitus assigned to coronary angiogram. The subjects were divided into three groups: ACS (n = 242), stable angina pectoris (SAP) (n = 242), and normal coronary artery (NCA) (n = 219). RESULTS HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) (P < 0.001) and apolipoproteinA-I concentrations (P < 0.0001) were lowest in subjects with ACS. LDL-C (P = 0.008) and non-HDL (P < 0.0001) were higher in the ACS group than in the SAP group. Leukocyte count (P < 0.0001), oxLDL (P < 0.05), hsCRP (P < 0.001), sPLA2 (P < 0.05), and MPO (P < 0.0001) were highest in the ACS group. In multivariate models, comprising all biomarkers, elevated level of MPO had the best discriminatory power to identify patients with ACS. Receiver-operating characteristic curve with and without MPO comparison differed significantly (P = 0.03 for both ACS versus NCA and ACS versus SAP). CONCLUSION Our study shows that ACS associates with low HDL-C and biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation. The addition of MPO in biomarker panels might improve diagnostic accuracy for ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Granér
- Heart and Lung Center, Division of Cardiology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Ren R, Hashimoto T, Mizuno M, Takigawa H, Yoshida M, Azuma T, Kanazawa K. A lipid peroxidation product 9-oxononanoic acid induces phospholipase A2 activity and thromboxane A2 production in human blood. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2013; 52:228-33. [PMID: 23704812 PMCID: PMC3652295 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.12-110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation products are known to cause toxicity by reacting with biologically significant proteins, but the inducing role of peroxidation products has been not noted to produce degenerative disease-related eicosanoids. Here, 9-oxononanoic acid (9-ONA), one of the major products of peroxidized fatty acids, was found to stimulate the activity of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), the key enzyme to initiate arachidonate cascade and eicosanoid production. An exposure of fresh human blood to the atmosphere at 37°C accumulated 9-ONA, increasing peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in the blood. The lipid peroxidation was accompanied by significant increases of PLA2 activity and thromboxane B2 (TxB2) production, which is a stable metabolite of thromboxane A2 (TxA2) and a potent agonist of platelet aggregation. These events were abolished by standing the blood under nitrogen. The addition of organically synthesized 9-ONA resumed the activity of PLA2 and the production of TxB2. Also, 9-ONA induced platelet aggregation dose-dependently. These results indicated that 9-ONA is the primary inducer of PLA2 activity and TxA2 production, and is probably followed by the development of diseases such as thrombus formation. This is the first report to find that a lipid peroxidation product, 9-ONA, stimulates the activity of PLA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rendong Ren
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Ait-Oufella H, Herbin O, Lahoute C, Coatrieux C, Loyer X, Joffre J, Laurans L, Ramkhelawon B, Blanc-Brude O, Karabina S, Girard CA, Payré C, Yamamoto K, Binder CJ, Murakami M, Tedgui A, Lambeau G, Mallat Z. Group X Secreted Phospholipase A2 Limits the Development of Atherosclerosis in LDL Receptor–Null Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:466-73. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.300309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Several secreted phospholipases A2 (sPLA2s), including group IIA, III, V, and X, have been linked to the development of atherosclerosis, which led to the clinical testing of A-002 (varespladib), a broad sPLA2 inhibitor for the treatment of coronary artery disease. Group X sPLA2 (PLA2G10) has the most potent hydrolyzing activity toward phosphatidylcholine and is believed to play a proatherogenic role.
Methods and Results—
Here, we show that
Ldlr
–/–
mice reconstituted with bone marrow from mouse group X–deficient mice (
Pla2g10
–/–
) unexpectedly display a doubling of plaque size compared with
Pla2g10
+/+
chimeric mice. Macrophages of
Pla2g10
–/–
mice are more susceptible to apoptosis in vitro, which is associated with a 4-fold increase of plaque necrotic core in vivo. In addition, chimeric
Pla2g10
–/–
mice show exaggerated T lymphocyte (Th)1 immune response, associated with enhanced T-cell infiltration in atherosclerotic plaques. Interestingly, overexpression of human PLA2G10 in murine bone marrow cells leads to significant reduction of Th1 response and to 50% reduction of lesion size.
Conclusion—
PLA2G10 expression in bone marrow cells controls a proatherogenic Th1 response and limits the development of atherosclerosis. The results may provide an explanation for the recently reported inefficacy of A-002 (varespladib) to treat patients with coronary artery disease. Indeed, A-002 is a nonselective sPLA2 inhibitor that inhibits both proatherogenic (groups IIA and V) and antiatherogenic (group X) sPLA2s. Our results suggest that selective targeting of individual sPLA2 enzymes may be a better strategy to treat cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafid Ait-Oufella
- From the Inserm U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Université René Descartes, Paris, France (H.A.-O., O.H., C.L., X.L., J.J., L.L., B.R., O.B.-B., A.T., Z.M.); Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (H.A.-O.); Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (IPMC), UMR 7275 CNRS- and Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France (C.C., C.A.G., C.P., G.L.); Inserm UMRS 937, Paris, France (S.K.); Lipid Metabolism
| | - Olivier Herbin
- From the Inserm U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Université René Descartes, Paris, France (H.A.-O., O.H., C.L., X.L., J.J., L.L., B.R., O.B.-B., A.T., Z.M.); Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (H.A.-O.); Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (IPMC), UMR 7275 CNRS- and Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France (C.C., C.A.G., C.P., G.L.); Inserm UMRS 937, Paris, France (S.K.); Lipid Metabolism
| | - Charlotte Lahoute
- From the Inserm U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Université René Descartes, Paris, France (H.A.-O., O.H., C.L., X.L., J.J., L.L., B.R., O.B.-B., A.T., Z.M.); Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (H.A.-O.); Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (IPMC), UMR 7275 CNRS- and Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France (C.C., C.A.G., C.P., G.L.); Inserm UMRS 937, Paris, France (S.K.); Lipid Metabolism
| | - Christelle Coatrieux
- From the Inserm U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Université René Descartes, Paris, France (H.A.-O., O.H., C.L., X.L., J.J., L.L., B.R., O.B.-B., A.T., Z.M.); Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (H.A.-O.); Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (IPMC), UMR 7275 CNRS- and Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France (C.C., C.A.G., C.P., G.L.); Inserm UMRS 937, Paris, France (S.K.); Lipid Metabolism
| | - Xavier Loyer
- From the Inserm U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Université René Descartes, Paris, France (H.A.-O., O.H., C.L., X.L., J.J., L.L., B.R., O.B.-B., A.T., Z.M.); Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (H.A.-O.); Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (IPMC), UMR 7275 CNRS- and Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France (C.C., C.A.G., C.P., G.L.); Inserm UMRS 937, Paris, France (S.K.); Lipid Metabolism
| | - Jeremie Joffre
- From the Inserm U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Université René Descartes, Paris, France (H.A.-O., O.H., C.L., X.L., J.J., L.L., B.R., O.B.-B., A.T., Z.M.); Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (H.A.-O.); Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (IPMC), UMR 7275 CNRS- and Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France (C.C., C.A.G., C.P., G.L.); Inserm UMRS 937, Paris, France (S.K.); Lipid Metabolism
| | - Ludivine Laurans
- From the Inserm U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Université René Descartes, Paris, France (H.A.-O., O.H., C.L., X.L., J.J., L.L., B.R., O.B.-B., A.T., Z.M.); Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (H.A.-O.); Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (IPMC), UMR 7275 CNRS- and Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France (C.C., C.A.G., C.P., G.L.); Inserm UMRS 937, Paris, France (S.K.); Lipid Metabolism
| | - Bhama Ramkhelawon
- From the Inserm U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Université René Descartes, Paris, France (H.A.-O., O.H., C.L., X.L., J.J., L.L., B.R., O.B.-B., A.T., Z.M.); Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (H.A.-O.); Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (IPMC), UMR 7275 CNRS- and Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France (C.C., C.A.G., C.P., G.L.); Inserm UMRS 937, Paris, France (S.K.); Lipid Metabolism
| | - Olivier Blanc-Brude
- From the Inserm U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Université René Descartes, Paris, France (H.A.-O., O.H., C.L., X.L., J.J., L.L., B.R., O.B.-B., A.T., Z.M.); Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (H.A.-O.); Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (IPMC), UMR 7275 CNRS- and Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France (C.C., C.A.G., C.P., G.L.); Inserm UMRS 937, Paris, France (S.K.); Lipid Metabolism
| | - Sonia Karabina
- From the Inserm U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Université René Descartes, Paris, France (H.A.-O., O.H., C.L., X.L., J.J., L.L., B.R., O.B.-B., A.T., Z.M.); Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (H.A.-O.); Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (IPMC), UMR 7275 CNRS- and Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France (C.C., C.A.G., C.P., G.L.); Inserm UMRS 937, Paris, France (S.K.); Lipid Metabolism
| | - Christophe A. Girard
- From the Inserm U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Université René Descartes, Paris, France (H.A.-O., O.H., C.L., X.L., J.J., L.L., B.R., O.B.-B., A.T., Z.M.); Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (H.A.-O.); Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (IPMC), UMR 7275 CNRS- and Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France (C.C., C.A.G., C.P., G.L.); Inserm UMRS 937, Paris, France (S.K.); Lipid Metabolism
| | - Christine Payré
- From the Inserm U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Université René Descartes, Paris, France (H.A.-O., O.H., C.L., X.L., J.J., L.L., B.R., O.B.-B., A.T., Z.M.); Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (H.A.-O.); Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (IPMC), UMR 7275 CNRS- and Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France (C.C., C.A.G., C.P., G.L.); Inserm UMRS 937, Paris, France (S.K.); Lipid Metabolism
| | - Kei Yamamoto
- From the Inserm U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Université René Descartes, Paris, France (H.A.-O., O.H., C.L., X.L., J.J., L.L., B.R., O.B.-B., A.T., Z.M.); Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (H.A.-O.); Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (IPMC), UMR 7275 CNRS- and Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France (C.C., C.A.G., C.P., G.L.); Inserm UMRS 937, Paris, France (S.K.); Lipid Metabolism
| | - Christoph J. Binder
- From the Inserm U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Université René Descartes, Paris, France (H.A.-O., O.H., C.L., X.L., J.J., L.L., B.R., O.B.-B., A.T., Z.M.); Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (H.A.-O.); Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (IPMC), UMR 7275 CNRS- and Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France (C.C., C.A.G., C.P., G.L.); Inserm UMRS 937, Paris, France (S.K.); Lipid Metabolism
| | - Makoto Murakami
- From the Inserm U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Université René Descartes, Paris, France (H.A.-O., O.H., C.L., X.L., J.J., L.L., B.R., O.B.-B., A.T., Z.M.); Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (H.A.-O.); Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (IPMC), UMR 7275 CNRS- and Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France (C.C., C.A.G., C.P., G.L.); Inserm UMRS 937, Paris, France (S.K.); Lipid Metabolism
| | - Alain Tedgui
- From the Inserm U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Université René Descartes, Paris, France (H.A.-O., O.H., C.L., X.L., J.J., L.L., B.R., O.B.-B., A.T., Z.M.); Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (H.A.-O.); Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (IPMC), UMR 7275 CNRS- and Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France (C.C., C.A.G., C.P., G.L.); Inserm UMRS 937, Paris, France (S.K.); Lipid Metabolism
| | - Gérard Lambeau
- From the Inserm U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Université René Descartes, Paris, France (H.A.-O., O.H., C.L., X.L., J.J., L.L., B.R., O.B.-B., A.T., Z.M.); Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (H.A.-O.); Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (IPMC), UMR 7275 CNRS- and Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France (C.C., C.A.G., C.P., G.L.); Inserm UMRS 937, Paris, France (S.K.); Lipid Metabolism
| | - Ziad Mallat
- From the Inserm U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Université René Descartes, Paris, France (H.A.-O., O.H., C.L., X.L., J.J., L.L., B.R., O.B.-B., A.T., Z.M.); Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (H.A.-O.); Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (IPMC), UMR 7275 CNRS- and Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France (C.C., C.A.G., C.P., G.L.); Inserm UMRS 937, Paris, France (S.K.); Lipid Metabolism
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Inflammation has been widely acknowledged to contribute throughout all stages of atherogenesis. However, these recent advances in our understanding have not been translated into clinical practice in which the mainstay of treatment is still lipid-targeted therapy. This review provides an overview of promising anti-inflammatory therapies in atherosclerosis, and discusses potential drawbacks and clinical benefits. RECENT FINDINGS Immunosuppressive drugs are likely to beneficially affect atherogenesis. Several novel anti-inflammatory targets have been scrutinized, of which some have reached clinical development stage, such as cytokine targets interleukin-1 and interleukin-6, CCR2 antagonist, selective phospholipase, and leukotriene inhibitors. Novel imaging modalities such as MRI and PET-computed tomography provide valuable surrogate inflammatory endpoints for risk stratification and testing anti-inflammatory agents in cardiovascular randomized trials. SUMMARY Anti-inflammatory therapies hold great promise in cardiovascular prevention regimens; however, atherosclerosis is a chronic disease, and systemic long-term use of anti-inflammatory agents carries the risk of complications arising from immunosuppression. In order to successfully add immunosuppressive drugs to our routine armament, we need to identify high-risk patients who benefit from anti-inflammatory treatment, increase our insight into the inflammatory pathogenesis of atherogenesis, and find safe and effective compounds capable of directly suppressing plaque inflammation.
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Fava C, Montagnana M, Guidi GC, Melander O. From circulating biomarkers to genomics and imaging in the prediction of cardiovascular events in the general population. Ann Med 2012; 44:433-47. [PMID: 21623699 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2011.582511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. In the last decades numerous markers have been considered and investigated for the prediction of CV events, but only a few of them resulted in improved global risk assessment beyond traditional risk factors when incorporated into coronary evaluation scores. Recent genetic studies have pointed out a few but consistent loci or genes which are independently associated with CV risk. The idea is fascinating that these genetic markers could lead to improved individual CV risk assessment and tailored pharmacological interventions. In this brief review we will not make a systematic review of all non-genetic and genetic markers of CV risk but we will try to make a brief overview of the most interesting ones with the aim to underline potential 'pros' and 'cons' of their implementation in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Fava
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, University Hospital of Malmö, Sweden
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Exeter HJ, Folkersen L, Palmen J, Franco-Cereceda A, Cooper JA, Kalea AZ, Hooft FV, Eriksson P, Humphries SE, Talmud PJ. Functional analysis of two PLA2G2A variants associated with secretory phospholipase A2-IIA levels. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41139. [PMID: 22879865 PMCID: PMC3412631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secretory phospholipase A2 group IIA (sPLA2-IIA) has been identified as a biomarker of atherosclerosis in observational and animal studies. The protein is encoded by the PLA2G2A gene and the aim of this study was to test the functionality of two PLA2G2A non-coding SNPs, rs11573156 C>G and rs3767221 T>G where the rare alleles have been previously associated with higher and lower sPLA2-IIA levels respectively. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Luciferase assays, electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), and RNA expression by RT-PCR were used to examine allelic differences. For rs3767221 the G allele showed ∼55% lower luciferase activity compared to the T allele (T = 62.1 (95% CI 59.1 to 65.1) G = 27.8 (95% CI 25.0 to 30.6), p = 1.22×10⁻³⁵, and stronger EMSA binding of a nuclear protein compared to the T-allele. For rs11573156 C >G there were no luciferase or EMSA allelic differences seen. In lymphocyte cell RNA, from individuals of known rs11573156 genotype, there was no allelic RNA expression difference for exons 5 and 6, but G allele carriers (n = 7) showed a trend to lower exon 1-2 expression compared to CC individuals. To take this further, in the ASAP study (n = 223), an rs11573156 proxy (r² = 0.91) showed ∼25% higher liver expression of PLA2G2A (1.67×10⁻¹⁷) associated with the G allele. However, considering exon specific expression, the association was greatly reduced for exon 2 (4.5×10⁻⁵) compared to exons 3-6 (10⁻¹⁰ to 10⁻²⁰), suggesting rs11573156 G allele-specific exon 2 skipping. CONCLUSION Both SNPs are functional and provide useful tools for Mendelian Randomisation to determine whether the relationship between sPLA2-IIA and coronary heart disease is causal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly J. Exeter
- Centre of Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (PJT); (HJE)
| | - Lasse Folkersen
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jutta Palmen
- Centre of Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anders Franco-Cereceda
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jackie A. Cooper
- Centre of Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anastasia Z. Kalea
- Centre of Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ferdinand van’t Hooft
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Eriksson
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steve E. Humphries
- Centre of Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philippa J. Talmud
- Centre of Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (PJT); (HJE)
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Nicholls SJ, Cavender MA, Kastelein JJP, Schwartz G, Waters DD, Rosenson RS, Bash D, Hislop C. Inhibition of secretory phospholipase A(2) in patients with acute coronary syndromes: rationale and design of the vascular inflammation suppression to treat acute coronary syndrome for 16 weeks (VISTA-16) trial. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2012; 26:71-5. [PMID: 22109255 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-011-6358-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The action of secretory phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2)) on lipoproteins may render them more susceptible to oxidation, thereby promoting vascular inflammation and increasing cardiovascular risk. Patients with acute coronary syndrome face a high risk of early, recurrent cardiovascular events that is associated with biomarkers of inflammation, including sPLA(2). The Vascular Inflammation Suppression to Treat Acute Coronary Syndrome for 16 Weeks (VISTA-16, NCT01130246) tests the hypothesis that varespladib methyl, an inhibitor of several sPLA(2) isoforms with a causal role in atherosclerosis, reduces cardiovascular risk among patients with acute coronary syndromes. METHODS Up to 6,500 patients with acute coronary syndrome will be randomized to receive treatment with varespladib methyl 500 mg daily or placebo for 16 weeks, in addition to background treatment with atorvastatin and other evidence-based therapies. The primary efficacy parameter is the combination of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke or hospitalization for unstable angina with objective evidence of myocardial ischemia. Effects of varespladib methyl on lipid and inflammatory markers, in addition to safety and tolerability, will also be evaluated. CONCLUSION sPLA(2) inhibition has the potential to exert a favorable effect on the artery wall. The VISTA-16 study will determine whether varespladib methyl has a beneficial impact on cardiovascular events in patients with an acute coronary syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Nicholls
- Cleveland Clinic Coordinating Center for Clinical Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Lind L, Simon T, Johansson L, Kotti S, Hansen T, Machecourt J, Ninio E, Tedgui A, Danchin N, Ahlström H, Mallat Z. Circulating levels of secretory- and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activities: relation to atherosclerotic plaques and future all-cause mortality. Eur Heart J 2012; 33:2946-54. [PMID: 22711753 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehs132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Secretory- and lipoprotein-associated phospholipases A2 (sPLA2 and Lp-PLA2) are enzymes both suggested to be of importance for atherosclerosis. We investigated relationships between the activities of these enzymes in the circulation and atherosclerosis as well as future clinical events. METHODS AND RESULTS The population-based Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) study included 1016 randomly selected subjects, all aged 70. The prevalence of carotid artery plaques was recorded by ultrasound (n= 954), and arterial stenosis was assessed by whole-body magnetic resonance angiography (WBMRA, n= 302). Secretory-associated phospholipase A2 [odds ratio 1.23 for 1 SD increase, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05-1.44, P= 0.007], but not Lp-PLA2 (P= 0.26), activity was significantly related to carotid atherosclerosis and to the amount of stenosis at WBMRA (P= 0.006) following adjustment for multiple risk factors (waist circumference, serum triglycerides, body mass index, C-reactive protein, high density lipoprotein-C, low density lipoprotein-C, triglycerides, GFR, fasting glucose, blood pressure, statin use, and exercise habits). Secretory-associated phospholipase A2 [hazard ratio (HR) 1.45 for 1 SD increase, 95% CI: 1.15-1.84, P= 0.001], but not Lp-PLA2 (HR 0.95, P= 0.55), activity was a significant risk factor for all-cause mortality (114 had died) during 7.0 years follow-up after adjustment for the risk factors described above. In a sample of 1029 post-myocardial infarction (MI) patients (French registry of Acute ST-elevation and non-ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction), sPLA2 (adjusted HR 1.32 for 1 unit increase, 95% CI: 1.02-1.71, P= 0.036), but not Lp-PLA2 (HR 1.03, P= 0.90), activity predicted death or recurrent MI during 1-year follow-up (n= 136 cases). CONCLUSION sPLA2 activity was related to atherosclerosis and predicted all-cause mortality in a sample of elderly subjects, as well as death or MI in post-MI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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Keuylian Z, de Baaij JHF, Gueguen M, Glorian M, Rouxel C, Merlet E, Lipskaia L, Blaise R, Mateo V, Limon I. The Notch pathway attenuates interleukin 1β (IL1β)-mediated induction of adenylyl cyclase 8 (AC8) expression during vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) trans-differentiation. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:24978-89. [PMID: 22613711 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.292516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) trans-differentiation, or their switch from a contractile/quiescent to a secretory/inflammatory/migratory state, is known to play an important role in pathological vascular remodeling including atherosclerosis and postangioplasty restenosis. Several reports have established the Notch pathway as tightly regulating VSMC response to various stress factors through growth, migration, apoptosis, and de-differentiation. More recently, we showed that alterations of the Notch pathway also govern VSMC acquisition of the inflammatory state, one of the major events accelerating atherosclerosis. We also evidenced that the inflammatory context of atherosclerosis triggers a de novo expression of adenylyl cyclase isoform 8 (AC8), associated with the properties developed by trans-differentiated VSMCs. As an initial approach to understanding the regulation of AC8 expression, we examined the role of the Notch pathway. Here we show that inhibiting the Notch pathway enhances the effect of IL1β on AC8 expression, amplifies its deleterious effects on the VSMC trans-differentiated phenotype, and decreases Notch target genes Hrt1 and Hrt3. Conversely, Notch activation resulted in blocking AC8 expression and up-regulated Hrt1 and Hrt3 expression. Furthermore, overexpressing Hrt1 and Hrt3 significantly decreased IL1β-induced AC8 expression. In agreement with these in vitro findings, the in vivo rat carotid balloon-injury model of restenosis evidenced that AC8 de novo expression coincided with down-regulation of the Notch3 pathway. These results, demonstrating that the Notch pathway attenuates IL1β-mediated AC8 up-regulation in trans-differentiated VSMCs, suggest that AC8 expression, besides being induced by the proinflammatory cytokine IL1β, is also dependent on down-regulation of the Notch pathway occurring in an inflammatory context.
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Ryu SK, Mallat Z, Benessiano J, Tedgui A, Olsson AG, Bao W, Schwartz GG, Tsimikas S. Phospholipase A2 enzymes, high-dose atorvastatin, and prediction of ischemic events after acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 2012; 125:757-66. [PMID: 22230483 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.111.063487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA(2)) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA(2)) are enzyme biomarkers of increased cardiovascular risk and targets of emerging therapeutic agents. Their relationship to cardiovascular events in the setting of high-dose statin therapy compared with placebo in patients with acute coronary syndrome is not known. METHODS AND RESULTS sPLA(2) and Lp-PLA(2) mass and activity were measured in 2587 patients in the Myocardial Ischemia Reduction With Acute Cholesterol Lowering (MIRACL) trial at baseline and after 16 weeks of treatment with atorvastatin 80 mg/d or placebo. Baseline levels of sPLA(2) and Lp-PLA(2) mass and activity were not associated with the primary efficacy measure of the trial of death, myocardial infarction, or unstable angina. However, in the overall cohort, baseline sPLA(2) mass predicted risk of death after multivariable adjustment (hazard ratio for 2-fold increase, 1.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-1.56; P=0.004). This association remained significant when examined separately in the placebo group but not in the atorvastatin group. Compared with placebo, atorvastatin reduced median sPLA(2) mass (-32.1% versus -23.1%), sPLA(2) activity (-29.5% versus -19.2%), Lp-PLA(2) mass (-35.8% versus -6.2%), and Lp-PLA(2) activity (-24.3% versus 5.4%; P<0.001 for all). Atorvastatin reduced the hazard of death associated with elevated sPLA(2) mass and activity by ≈50%. CONCLUSIONS sPLA(2) mass independently predicts death during a 16-week period after acute coronary syndrome. High-dose atorvastatin significantly reduces sPLA(2) and Lp-PLA(2) mass and activity after acute coronary syndrome and mitigates the risk of death associated with sPLA(2) mass. Atorvastatin may exert antiinflammatory effects on phospholipases that contribute to its therapeutic benefit after acute coronary syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Kee Ryu
- Vascular Medicine Program, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0682, USA
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Asp J, Synnergren J, Jonsson M, Dellgren G, Jeppsson A. Comparison of human cardiac gene expression profiles in paired samples of right atrium and left ventricle collected in vivo. Physiol Genomics 2012; 44:89-98. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00137.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of expressed genes in human heart provide insight into both physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms. This is of importance for extended understanding of cardiac function as well as development of new therapeutic drugs. Heart tissue for gene expression studies is generally hard to obtain, particularly from the ventricles. Since different parts of the heart have different functions, expression profiles should likely differ between these parts. The aim of the study was therefore to compare the global gene expression in cardiac tissue from the more accessible auricula of the right atrium to expression in tissue from the left ventricle. Tissue samples were collected from five men undergoing aortic valve replacement or coronary artery bypass grafting. Global gene expression analysis identified 542 genes as differentially expressed between the samples extracted from these two locations, corresponding to ∼2% of the genes covered by the microarray; 416 genes were identified as abundantly expressed in right atrium, and 126 genes were abundantly expressed in left ventricle. Further analysis of the differentially expressed genes according to available annotations, information from curated pathways and known protein interactions, showed that genes with higher expression in the ventricle were mainly associated with contractile work of the heart. Transcription in biopsies from the auricula of the right atrium on the other hand indicated a wider area of functions, including immunity and defense. In conclusion, our results suggest that biopsies from the auricula of the right atrium may be suitable for various genetic studies, but not studies directly related to muscle work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Asp
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg
| | - Jane Synnergren
- Systems Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, University of Skövde, Skövde
| | - Marianne Jonsson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg
| | - Göran Dellgren
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Jeppsson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Rosenson RS, Fraser H, Goulder MA, Hislop C. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Varespladib Methyl in Diabetic Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2011; 25:539-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s10557-011-6344-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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O'Donoghue ML, Mallat Z, Morrow DA, Benessiano J, Sloan S, Omland T, Solomon SD, Braunwald E, Tedgui A, Sabatine MS. Prognostic utility of secretory phospholipase A(2) in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Clin Chem 2011; 57:1311-7. [PMID: 21784767 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2011.166520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secretory phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2)) may contribute to atherogenesis. To date, few prospective studies have examined the utility of sPLA(2) for risk stratification in coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS We measured plasma sPLA(2) activity at baseline in 3708 subjects in the PEACE randomized trial of trandolapril vs placebo in stable CAD. Median follow-up was 4.8 years. We used Cox regression to adjust for demographics, clinical risk factors, apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein A1, and medications. RESULTS After multivariable adjustment, sPLA(2) was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (adjusted hazard ratio Q4:Q1 1.55, 95% CI 1.13-2.14) and cardiovascular death or heart failure (1.91, 1.20-3.03). In further multivariable assessment, increased activity levels of sPLA(2) were associated with the risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (adjusted hazard ratio 1.47, 95% CI 1.06-2.04), independent of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) mass and C-reactive protein, and modestly improved the area under the curve (AUC) beyond established clinical risk factors (AUC 0.668-0.675, P = 0.01). sPLA(2), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T all were independently associated with cardiovascular death or heart failure, and each improved risk discrimination (P = 0.02, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS sPLA(2) activity provides independent prognostic information beyond established risk markers in patients with stable CAD. These data are encouraging for studies designed to evaluate the role of sPLA(2) as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L O'Donoghue
- TIMI Study Group, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Breitling LP, Koenig W, Fischer M, Mallat Z, Hengstenberg C, Rothenbacher D, Brenner H. Type II secretory phospholipase A2 and prognosis in patients with stable coronary heart disease: mendelian randomization study. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22318. [PMID: 21799821 PMCID: PMC3142130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serum type II secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIa) has been found to be predictive of adverse outcomes in patients with stable coronary heart disease. Compounds targeting sPLA2-IIa are already under development. This study investigated if an association of sPLA2-IIa with secondary cardiovascular disease (CVD) events may be of causal nature or mainly a matter of confounding by correlated cardiovascular risk markers. Methodology/Principal Findings Eight-year follow-up data of a prospective cohort study (KAROLA) of patients who underwent in-patient rehabilitation after an acute cardiovascular event were analysed. Associations of polymorphisms (SNP) in the sPLA2-IIa-coding gene PLA2G2A with serum sPLA2-IIa and secondary fatal or non-fatal CVD events were examined by multiple regression. Hazard ratios (HR) were compared with those expected if the association between sPLA2-IIa and CVD were causal. The strongest determinants of sPLA2-IIa (rs4744 and rs10732279) were associated with an increase of serum concentrations by 81% and 73% per variant allele. HRs (95% confidence intervals) estimating the associations of the SNPs with secondary CVD events were increased, but not statistically significant (1.16 [0.89–1.51] and 1.18 [0.91–1.52] per variant allele, respectively). However, these estimates were very similar to those expected when assuming causality (1.18 and 1.17), based on an association of natural log-transformed sPLA2-IIa concentration with secondary events with HR = 1.33 per unit. Conclusion The present findings regarding genetic polymorphisms, determination of serum sPLA2-IIa, and prognosis in CVD patients are consistent with a genuine causal relationship and thus might point to a valid drug target for prevention of secondary CVD events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz P Breitling
- Division C070 Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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Murakami M, Taketomi Y, Sato H, Yamamoto K. Secreted phospholipase A2 revisited. J Biochem 2011; 150:233-55. [PMID: 21746768 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvr088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) catalyses the hydrolysis of the sn-2 position of glycerophospholipids to yield fatty acids and lysophospholipids. So far, more than 30 enzymes that possess PLA(2) or related activity have been identified in mammals. About one third of these enzymes belong to the secreted PLA(2) (sPLA(2)) family, which comprises low molecular weight, Ca(2+) requiring, secreted enzymes with a His/Asp catalytic dyad. Individual sPLA(2)s display distinct localizations and enzymatic properties, suggesting their specialized biological roles. However, in contrast to intracellular PLA(2)s, whose roles in signal transduction and membrane homoeostasis have been well documented, the biological roles of sPLA(2)s in vivo have remained obscure until recently. Over the past decade, information fuelled by studies employing knockout and transgenic mice as well as specific inhibitors, in combination with lipidomics, has clarified when and where the different sPLA(2) isoforms are expressed, which isoforms are involved in what types of pathophysiology, and how they exhibit their specific functions. In this review, we highlight recent advances in PLA(2) research, focusing mainly on the physiological functions of sPLA(2)s and their modes of action on 'extracellular' phospholipid targets versus lipid mediator production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Murakami
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
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