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Headid Iii RJ, Park SY. The impacts of exercise on pediatric obesity. Clin Exp Pediatr 2021; 64:196-207. [PMID: 32777917 PMCID: PMC8103043 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2020.00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades, the rates of pediatric obesity have more than doubled regardless of sociodemographic categorization, and despite these rates plateauing in recent years there continues to be an increase in the severity of obesity in children and adolescents. This review will discuss the pediatric obesity mediated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as attenuated levels of satiety and energy metabolism hormones, insulin resistance, vascular endothelial dysfunction, and arterial stiffness. Additionally, early intervention to combat pediatric obesity is critical as obesity has been suggested to track into adulthood, and these obese children and adolescents are at an increased risk of early mortality. Current suggested strategies to combat pediatric obesity are modifying diet, limiting sedentary behavior, and increasing physical activity. The effects of exercise intervention on metabolic hormones such as leptin and adiponectin, insulin sensitivity/resistance, and body fat in obese children and adolescents will be discussed along with the exercise modality, intensity, and duration. Specifically, this review will focus on the differential effects of aerobic exercise, resistance training, and combined exercise on the cardiovascular risks in pediatric obesity. This review outlines the evidence that exercise intervention is a beneficial therapeutic strategy to reduce the risk factors for CVD and the ideal exercise prescription to combat pediatric obesity should contain both muscle strengthening and aerobic components with an emphasis on fat mass reduction and long-term adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J Headid Iii
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Song-Young Park
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
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2
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Przybyciński J, Dziedziejko V, Puchałowicz K, Domański L, Pawlik A. Adiponectin in Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249375. [PMID: 33317050 PMCID: PMC7764041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is the adipokine associated with insulin sensitization, reducing liver gluconeogenesis, and increasing fatty acid oxidation and glucose uptake. Adiponectin is present in the kidneys, mainly in the arterial endothelium and smooth muscle cells, as well as in the capillary endothelium, and might be considered as a marker of many negative factors in chronic kidney disease. The last few years have brought a rising body of evidence that adiponectin is a multipotential protein with anti-inflammatory, metabolic, anti-atherogenic, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) protective actions. Similarly, adiponectin has shown many positive and direct actions in kidney diseases, and among many kidney cells. Data from large cross-sectional and cohort studies showed a positive correlation between serum adiponectin and mortality in chronic kidney disease. This suggests a complex interaction between local adiponectin action, comorbidities, and uremic milieu. In this review we discuss the role of adiponectin in chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Przybyciński
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.P.); (L.D.)
| | - Violetta Dziedziejko
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (V.D.); (K.P.)
| | - Kamila Puchałowicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (V.D.); (K.P.)
| | - Leszek Domański
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.P.); (L.D.)
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-91-4661611
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3
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Refaat H, Tantawy A. Low Plasma Adiponectin Levels Are Associated With Vulnerable Plaque Features in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome: An Optical Coherence Tomography Study. CARDIOVASCULAR REVASCULARIZATION MEDICINE 2020; 25:63-71. [PMID: 33097459 DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vulnerable plaques are the primary cause of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The association between in-vivo plaque vulnerability and adiponectin levels in ACS still remains to be determined. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between adiponectin levels and vulnerable plaque features in ACS patients. METHODS We enrolled 107 ACS patients admitted to our institution; 83 with Non-ST elevation ACS (NSTE-ACS) and 24 with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Adiponectin levels were measured in these patients. Coronary angiography and subsequent optical coherence tomography (OCT) analysis of culprit lesions were performed. RESULTS Adiponectin level was lower in patients with complex angiographic lesions, compared to those with non-complex lesions (7.13 ± 3.04 vs. 8.94 ± 2.84 μg/ml, P = 0.002). Adiponectin level was lower in patients with plaque rupture (PR), micro-thrombi, and thin cap fibroatheroma (TCFA), compared to those with non-vulnerable features (7.19 ± 2.95 vs 8.79 ± 3.02 μg/ml, P = 0.007 & 7.29 ± 2.97 vs 8.44 ± 3.09 μg/ml, P = 0.04 and 4.76 ± 0.65 vs 9.74 ± 2.35 μg/ml, P < 0.001 μg/ml respectively). There was a significant negative correlation between adiponectin levels and lipid rich plaque extent and maximum lipid arc (r = -0.05, P < 0.001 & r = -0.03, P = 0.03, respectively). However, a significant positive correlation was observed between adiponectin levels and fibrous cap thickness (r = 0.95, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Low adiponectin levels were associated with complex angiographic lesions and vulnerable plaque features in ACS patients, where there was a significant correlation between it and PR, TCFA, and lipid rich plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Refaat
- Cardiology Department, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt; Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ayman Tantawy
- Cardiology Department, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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4
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Ishida M, Tatsumi K, Okumoto K, Kaji H. Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cell Sheet Improves Glucose Metabolism in Obese Mice. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:488-497. [PMID: 32075539 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies indicate that the administration of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) through the venous route improves insulin resistance partly through a reduction in the proinflammatory cytokines in diabetic animals. However, the effects of ADSC sheet transplantation for the treatment of diabetes and obesity still remained unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of ADSC sheet transplantation into the subcutaneous sites on the diabetic state of mice fed high-fat and high-sucrose diet (HF/HSD). ADSCs were isolated and propagated from subcutaneous adipose tissues of non-diabetic intact mice. We used the thermoresponsive designated cell culture dishes to fabricate ADSC cell sheets. ADSC sheet transplantation into the subcutaneous sites significantly improved glucose intolerance induced by HF/HSD in mice. ADSC-conditioned medium (CM) augmented the phosphorylation of Akt with or without insulin in mouse C2C12 myotubes and mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Plasma adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were significantly increased and decreased by ADSC sheet transplantation in mice with or without HF/HSD, respectively. Moreover, ADSC sheet enhanced adiponectin expression in the subcutaneous adipose tissues in HF/HSD-fed mice, whereas it reduced TNF-α expression in the visceral adipose tissues. ADSC-CM enhanced and reduced the protein levels of adiponectin and TNF-α in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, respectively. In conclusion, we first revealed that ADSC sheet transplantation into the subcutaneous sites improves glucose intolerance in mice fed with HF/HSD. Changes of adiponectin and TNF-α production from the host adipose tissues might be involved in the effects of ADSC sheet on glucose metabolism in mice. ADSC sheet transplantation therapy may be a novel clinical application for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Ishida
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Kohei Tatsumi
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan.,Advanced Medical Science of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Katsumi Okumoto
- Life Science Research Institute, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kaji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
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5
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Kiaie N, Gorabi AM, Penson PE, Watts G, Johnston TP, Banach M, Sahebkar A. A new approach to the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis: the era of the liposome. Drug Discov Today 2019; 25:58-72. [PMID: 31525463 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The consequences of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) include myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and angina pectoris, which are major causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Despite current therapeutic strategies to reduce risk, patients still experience the consequences of ASCVD. Consequently, a current goal is to enhance visualization of early atherosclerotic lesions to improve residual ASCVD risk. The uses of liposomes, in the context of ASCVD, can include as contrast agents for imaging techniques, as well as for the delivery of antiatherosclerotic drugs, genes, and cells to established sites of plaque. Additionally, liposomes have a role as vaccine adjuvants against mediators of atherosclerosis. Here. we review the scientific and clinical evidence relating to the use of liposomes in the diagnosis and management of ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Kiaie
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armita Mahdavi Gorabi
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peter E Penson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gerald Watts
- Lipid Disorders Clinic, Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MI, USA
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, Lodz, Poland; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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6
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Zhang K, Tai Z, Han Q, Pang Y, Li Q. Adiponectin as inducer of inflammatory and apoptosis involving in immune defense in lamprey. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 90:446-455. [PMID: 31002928 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin (APN) is an important cytokine secreted by fat cells that is responsible for regulating numerous biological functions. However, the APN gene in lamprey and its precise function remain unidentified. In this study, the full-length cDNA sequence of L-APN was cloned, and it encoded a protein of 267 amino acid residues with a globular domain. The results of immunohistochemistry and FACS assays showed that APN protein was distributed in multiple tissues. L-APN expression in the supraneural body (SB) and leukocytes was differentially upregulated in response to Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria and poly (I:C). The expression levels of inflammatory cytokines were upregulated, and a proapoptotic effect was stimulated in SB cells treated with recombinant APN. Furthermore, L-APN could inhibit cell proliferation and arrest cell growth in the G1 phase. In summary, the APN protein from the lamprey plays an important role in inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing the production of inflammatory cytokines and promoting cell apoptosis, and it is also involved in immune responses and immune defenses. Our data provide insights into the evolutionary origin of the structure and function of APN gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejia Zhang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Zhao Tai
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Qing Han
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Yue Pang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.
| | - Qingwei Li
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.
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7
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Tabari FS, Karimian A, Parsian H, Rameshknia V, Mahmoodpour A, Majidinia M, Maniati M, Yousefi B. The roles of FGF21 in atherosclerosis pathogenesis. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2019; 20:103-114. [PMID: 30879171 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-019-09488-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
FGF21 is a peptide hormone that regulates homeostasis of lipid and glucose as well as energy metabolism. It is mainly expressed and secreted in liver and adipose tissues, and it is expressed in lower amounts in the aorta. Recent clinical and preclinical studies indicate increased serum FGF21 levels in atherosclerosis patients. Also, FGF21 therapy has been reported to reduce the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis in animal models and in vitro studies. Moreover, growing evidence indicates that administration of exogenous FGF21 induces anti-atherosclerotic effects, because of its ability to reduce lipid profile, alleviation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Therefore, FGF21 can not only be considered as a biomarker for predicting atherosclerosis, but also induce protective effects against atherosclerosis. Besides, serum levels of FGF21 increase in various diseases including in diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity, which may be related to initiating and exacerbating atherosclerosis. On the other hand, FGF21 therapy significantly improves lipid profiles, and reduces vascular inflammation and oxidative stress in atherosclerosis related diseases. Therefore, further prospective studies are needed to clarify whether FGF21 can be used as a prognostic biomarker to identify individuals at future risk of atherosclerosis in these atherosclerosis-associated diseases. In this review, we will discuss the possible mechanism by which FGF21 protects against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzane Shanebandpour Tabari
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ansar Karimian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hadi Parsian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Vahid Rameshknia
- Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Ata Mahmoodpour
- Anesthesiology Research Team, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mahmood Maniati
- Faculty of Medicine, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
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8
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Marino BCA, Buljubasic N, Akkerhuis M, Cheng JM, Garcia-Garcia HM, Regar E, Geuns RJV, Serruys PW, Boersma E, Kardys I. Adiponectin in Relation to Coronary Plaque Characteristics on Radiofrequency Intravascular Ultrasound and Cardiovascular Outcome. Arq Bras Cardiol 2019; 111:345-353. [PMID: 30379252 PMCID: PMC6173335 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20180172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prospective data on the associations of adiponectin with in-vivo measurements
of degree, phenotype and vulnerability of coronary atherosclerosis are
currently lacking. Objective To investigate the association of plasma adiponectin with virtual histology
intravascular ultrasound (VH-IVUS)-derived measures of atherosclerosis and
with major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients with established
coronary artery disease. Methods In 2008-2011, VH-IVUS of a non-culprit non-stenotic coronary segment was
performed in 581 patients undergoing coronary angiography for acute coronary
syndrome (ACS, n = 318) or stable angina pectoris (SAP, n = 263) from the
atherosclerosis-intravascular ultrasound (ATHEROREMO-IVUS) study. Blood was
sampled prior to coronary angiography. Coronary plaque burden, tissue
composition, high-risk lesions, including VH-IVUS-derived thin-cap
fibroatheroma (TCFA), were assessed. All-cause mortality, ACS, unplanned
coronary revascularization were registered during a 1-year-follow-up. All
statistical tests were two-tailed and p-values < 0.05 were considered
statistically significant. Results In the full cohort, adiponectin levels were not associated with plaque
burden, nor with the various VH-tissue types. In SAP patients, adiponectin
levels (median[IQR]: 2.9(1.9-3.9) µg/mL) were
positively associated with VH-IVUS derived TCFA lesions, (OR[95%CI]:
1.78[1.06-3.00], p = 0.030), and inversely associated with lesions with
minimal luminal area (MLA) ≤ 4.0 mm2 (OR[95%CI]:
0.55[0.32-0.92], p = 0.025). In ACS patients, adiponectin levels
(median[IQR]: 2.9 [1.8-4.1] µg/mL)were not
associated with plaque burden, nor with tissue components. Positive
association of adiponectin with death was present in the full cohort
(HR[95%CI]: 2.52[1.02-6.23], p = 0.045) and (borderline) in SAP patients
(HR[95%CI]: 8.48[0.92-78.0], p = 0.058). In ACS patients, this association
lost statistical significance after multivariable adjustment (HR[95%CI]:
1.87[0.67-5.19], p = 0.23). Conclusion In the full cohort, adiponectin levels were associated with death but not
with VH-IVUS atherosclerosis measures. In SAP patients, adiponectin levels
were associated with VH-IVUS-derived TCFA lesions. Altogether, substantial
role for adiponectin in plaque vulnerability remains unconfirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Campos Abreu Marino
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam - the Netherlands.,Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG - Brasil
| | | | | | - Jin M Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam - the Netherlands
| | | | - Evelyn Regar
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam - the Netherlands.,University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich - Switzerland
| | | | | | - Eric Boersma
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam - the Netherlands
| | - Isabella Kardys
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam - the Netherlands
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9
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Berg G, Miksztowicz V, Morales C, Barchuk M. Epicardial Adipose Tissue in Cardiovascular Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1127:131-143. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-11488-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Gan L, Yang L, Yan G. Predict value of adiponectin for coronary atherosclerosis plaques according to computed tomography angiography in an asymptomatic population. Clin Imaging 2018; 51:174-179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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11
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Ghazouani L, Elmufti A, Baaziz I, Chaabane I, Ben Mansour H. Contribution of adiponectin polymorphisms to the risk of coronary artery disease in a North-African Tunisian population. J Clin Lab Anal 2018; 32:e22446. [PMID: 29633340 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived protein, is known to play a key role in the processes leading to atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD) through its anti-atherogenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anti-apoptotic properties. In the current study, we have studied the association of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) +45 T>G (rs2241766) and +276 G>T (rs1501299) of the adiponectin gene with coronary artery disease (CAD) on an Arab/North-African population from Tunisia. METHODS Subjects comprised 277 patients with angiographically demonstrated CAD and 269 age- and gender-matched control subjects. The adiponectin genotypes were performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP). The contribution of adiponectin variants to CAD was analyzed by haplotype and regression analysis. RESULTS Adiponectin +45T>G and +276G>T genotypic and allelic distributions did not show a significant difference between cases and controls. Similarly, no association with CAD was observed for the haplotype analysis. Assuming dominant model of transmission for both polymorphisms and after adjustment of a number of traditional risk factors for CAD, logistic regression analysis showed an association of SNP +45 T>G with increased risk of developing CAD [adjusted OR (95% CI) = 2.59 (1.17-5.70); P = .01]. However, SNP + 276 G>T is associated with decreased risk of developing CAD [adjusted OR (95% CI) = 0.47 (0.22-0.97); P = .04]. CONCLUSION There is no allelic or genotypic association of +45 T>G and +276 G>T of the adiponectin gene with CAD in the Tunisian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakhdar Ghazouani
- Research Unit of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Afoua Elmufti
- Research Unit of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Intissar Baaziz
- Research Unit of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Ibtissem Chaabane
- Research Unit of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Hedi Ben Mansour
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to the Environmental-APAE (UR17ES32), Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mahdia, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Saghebjoo M, Nezamdoost Z, Ahmadabadi F, Saffari I, Hamidi A. The effect of 12 weeks of aerobic training on serum levels high sensitivity C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, lipid profile and anthropometric characteristics in middle-age women patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2018; 12:163-168. [PMID: 29287840 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of aerobic training on serum levels of high sensitivity C- reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), lipid profile and anthropometric characteristics in middle-aged women patients with type-2 diabetes. METHODS A quasi-experimental study, 20 women patients with type-2 diabetes (mean age, 50.25 ± 4.36 years, Body mass index, 25.51 ± 2.91 kg/m2, and body fat percentage 23.67 ± 3.05%) were randomly categorized into two experimental and control groups. The protocol aerobic training included eight-minute jogging and eight-minute running with 75-85 percent maximum heart rate reserve in the first session. Per both sessions, one minute added to running time and it increased up to 32 min after 12 weeks. Blood sampling and anthropometric measurements, 24 h before and 48 h after the last training session were conducted. RESULT The result showed a significant reduction in hs-CRP and TNF-α in the experimental than control group (P = 0.01). Exercise training-treated patients showed a significant decrease in TG, LDL and increase HDL in comparison with baseline and the control group (P < .05). The results also showed a significant decrease in weight, body mass index, body fat percentage, and waist-hip ratio (P values 0.02, 0.03, 001, 0.04 respectively) following the 12 weeks aerobic training. CONCLUSION It seems that long-term aerobic training, improved some important anthropometric and biochemical parameters in patients with type-2 diabetes. These observations give a new insight into the mechanisms by which aerobic training can reduce the cardiovascular risk in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marziyeh Saghebjoo
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.
| | - Zeynab Nezamdoost
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Ahmadabadi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Iman Saffari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Azar Hamidi
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Neyshabur, Neyshabur, Iran
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Burrage E, Marshall KL, Santanam N, Chantler PD. Cerebrovascular dysfunction with stress and depression. Brain Circ 2018; 4:43-53. [PMID: 30276336 PMCID: PMC6126243 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_6_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of adequate tissue perfusion through a dense network of cerebral microvessels is critical for the perseveration of normal brain function. Regulation of the cerebral blood flow has to ensure adequate delivery of nutrients and oxygen with moment-to-moment adjustments to avoid both hypo- and hyper-perfusion of the brain tissue. Even mild impairments of cerebral blood flow regulation can have significant implications on brain function. Evidence suggests that chronic stress and depression elicits multifaceted functional impairments to the cerebral microcirculation, which plays a critical role in brain health and the pathogenesis of stress-related cognitive impairment and cerebrovascular events. Identifying the functional and structural changes to the brain that are induced by stress is crucial for achieving a realistic understanding of how related illnesses, which are highly disabling and with a large economic cost, can be managed or reversed. This overview discusses the stress-induced alterations in neurovascular coupling with specific attention to cerebrovascular regulation (endothelial dependent and independent vasomotor function, microvessel density). The pathophysiological consequences of cerebral microvascular dysfunction with stress and depression are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Burrage
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Kent L. Marshall
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Nalini Santanam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Paul D. Chantler
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Mehta A, Patel J, Al Rifai M, Ayers CR, Neeland IJ, Kanaya AM, Kandula N, Blaha MJ, Nasir K, Blumenthal RS, Joshi PH. Inflammation and coronary artery calcification in South Asians: The Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study. Atherosclerosis 2018; 270:49-56. [PMID: 29407888 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Inflammatory biomarkers and adipocytokines (IBA) may contribute to atherosclerosis by promoting vascular inflammation. The association between IBA and coronary artery calcium (CAC), a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, is not well defined in South Asians (SA). We hypothesized that IBA (high sensitivity C-reactive protein [hsCRP], tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], adiponectin, and leptin) were independently associated with and improved discrimination of CAC among SA. METHODS We analyzed IBA and CAC among participants in the prospective Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study. We used logistic regression models to examine cross-sectional associations of IBA with CAC presence (CAC >0) and severity (CAC >100), and C-statistics to assess the incremental contribution of each IBA to traditional risk factors (TRF) from the AHA/ACC Pooled Cohort Equations (PCE) for discrimination of CAC. RESULTS Among 906 participants in the MASALA study, women (n = 420) had significantly higher levels of hsCRP, adiponectin, and leptin but lower levels of TNF-α than men (p < .01 for all). There was no significant association between any of the four IBA and either CAC category in multivariable-adjusted models, respectively. Lastly, none of the four IBA improved discrimination of CAC presence or severity when added to elements of the PCE. CONCLUSIONS IBA were not associated with CAC presence or severity in the MASALA population. IBA did not help identify SA at risk of subclinical atherosclerosis, although associations with ASCVD events remain unclear. In SA, CAC may have a distinct pathophysiology independent of inflammation as measured by IBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Mehta
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Jaideep Patel
- The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Mahmoud Al Rifai
- The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita, KS, United States
| | - Colby R Ayers
- Department of Clinical Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Ian J Neeland
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Alka M Kanaya
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Namratha Kandula
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Michael J Blaha
- The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Khurram Nasir
- The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, MD, United States; Center for Prevention and Wellness Research, Baptist Health Medical Group, Miami Beach, FL, United States; Department of Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Roger S Blumenthal
- The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Parag H Joshi
- The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, MD, United States; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.
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15
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Adiponectin: A potential therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 39:151-158. [PMID: 29395659 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an important adipocytokine secreted chiefly by fat containing adipocytes, and plays a crucial role in glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress. Alterations in adiponectin levels have been shown to directly affect lipid and glucose metabolism that further increase the synthesis of lipids, free fatty acids and inflammatory cytokines. Changes in adiponectin levels also contribute to insulin resistance, obesity, cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. In the present review, we provide a comprehensive evaluation of the role of adiponectin and its molecular mechanisms in metabolic syndrome. Clinical improvement in adiponectin levels have been shown to positively modulate lipid and glucose metabolism, thus further substantiating its role in regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. Currently adiponectin is being investigated as a potential therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome, although more research is required to understand the underlying mechanisms controlling adiponectin levels, including dietary and lifestyle interventions, that may target adiponectin as a therapeutic intervention in metabolic syndrome.
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Goeller M, Achenbach S, Marwan M, Doris MK, Cadet S, Commandeur F, Chen X, Slomka PJ, Gransar H, Cao JJ, Wong ND, Albrecht MH, Rozanski A, Tamarappoo BK, Berman DS, Dey D. Epicardial adipose tissue density and volume are related to subclinical atherosclerosis, inflammation and major adverse cardiac events in asymptomatic subjects. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2017; 12:67-73. [PMID: 29233634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated whether epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume and density are related to early atherosclerosis, plaque inflammation and major adverse cardiac events (MACE, cardiac death and myocardial infarction) in asymptomatic subjects. METHODS EAT volume and density were quantified from non-contrast cardiac CT in 456 asymptomatic individuals (age 60.3 ± 8.3; 68% with CCS>0) from the prospective EISNER trial. EAT volume and density were examined in relation to coronary calcium score (CCS), inflammatory biomarkers and MACE. RESULTS EAT volume was higher and EAT density lower in subjects with coronary calcium compared to subjects without [89 vs 74 cm3, p < 0.001] [-76.9 vs -75.7 HU,p = 0.024]. EAT volume was lowest in individuals with no coronary calcium and was significant higher in subjects with early atherosclerosis (CCS 1-99) [74 vs 87 cm3,p = 0.016] and in subjects with more advanced atherosclerosis (CCS≥100) [89 cm3,p = 0.002]). EAT volume was independently related to serum levels of PAI-1, and MCP-1 and inversely related to adiponectin and HDL-cholesterol (p < 0.05). EAT density was inversely related to PAI-1 and LDL-cholesterol and positively associated to adiponectin, sICAM-1 and HDL-cholesterol (p < 0.05). EAT density was more significantly associated with MACE [(HR 0.8, 95%CI:0.7-0.98), p = 0.029] than EAT volume or CCS. CONCLUSION EAT volume was higher and density lower in subjects with coronary calcium compared to subjects with CCS = 0, with similar EAT volume in CCS<100 and CCS≥100. Lower EAT density and increased EAT volume were associated with coronary calcification, serum levels of plaque inflammatory markers and MACE, suggesting that dysfunctional EAT may be linked to early plaque formation and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Goeller
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Internal Medicine 2, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Stephan Achenbach
- Department of Internal Medicine 2, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Mohamed Marwan
- Department of Internal Medicine 2, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Mhairi K Doris
- Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Sebastien Cadet
- Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Frederic Commandeur
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Piotr J Slomka
- Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Heidi Gransar
- Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - J Jane Cao
- Department of Cardiology, St Francis Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Nathan D Wong
- Department of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, USA.
| | - Moritz H Albrecht
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Alan Rozanski
- Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai St Lukes Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Balaji K Tamarappoo
- Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Daniel S Berman
- Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Damini Dey
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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17
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García-Hermoso A, Ceballos-Ceballos RJM, Poblete-Aro CE, Hackney AC, Mota J, Ramírez-Vélez R. Exercise, adipokines and pediatric obesity: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 41:475-482. [PMID: 28017965 PMCID: PMC5382285 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Adipokines are involved in the etiology of diabetes, insulin resistance, and the development of atherosclerosis and other latent-onset complications. The objective of this meta-analysis was to determine the effectiveness of exercise interventions on adipokines in pediatric obesity. SUBJECTS/METHODS A computerized search was made using three databases. The analysis was restricted to studies that examined the effect of exercise interventions on adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, resistin and visfatin) in pediatric obesity (6-18 years old). Fourteen randomized controlled trials (347 youths) were included. Weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS Exercise was associated with a significant increase in adiponectin (WMD=0.882 μg ml-1, 95% CI, 0.271-1.493) but did not alter leptin and resistin level. Likewise, exercise intensity and change in body fat; as well as total exercise program duration, duration of the sessions, and change in body fat all significantly influenced the effect of exercise on adiponectin and leptin, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Exercise seems to increase adiponectin levels in childhood obesity. Our results also suggested that exercise on its own, without the concomitant presence of changes in body composition levels, does not affect leptin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A García-Hermoso
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile
| | - R J M Ceballos-Ceballos
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile
| | - C E Poblete-Aro
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile
| | - A C Hackney
- Endocrine Section-Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J Mota
- CIAFEL–Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - R Ramírez-Vélez
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física «CEMA», Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
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18
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Letra L, Sena C. Cerebrovascular Disease: Consequences of Obesity-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 19:163-189. [PMID: 28933065 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63260-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite the well-known global impact of overweight and obesity in the incidence of cerebrovascular disease, many aspects of this association are still inconsistently defined. In this chapter we aim to present a critical review on the links between obesity and both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and discuss its influence on functional outcomes, survival, and current treatments to acute and chronic stroke. The role of cerebrovascular endothelial function and respective modulation is also described as well as its laboratory and clinical assessment. In this context, the major contributing mechanisms underlying obesity-induced cerebral endothelial function (adipokine secretion, insulin resistance, inflammation, and hypertension) are discussed. A special emphasis is given to the participation of adipokines in the pathophysiology of stroke, namely adiponectin, leptin, resistin, apelin, and visfatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Letra
- Institute of Physiology, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences-IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar do Baixo Vouga, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Cristina Sena
- Institute of Physiology, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences-IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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19
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Dai M, Zhang Y, Yu M, Tian W. Therapeutic applications of conditioned medium from adipose tissue. Cell Prolif 2016; 49:561-7. [PMID: 27487984 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
For the past number of decades, adipose tissue has attracted significant interest due to its complicated composition and versatile functions. Adipose tissue is no longer considered to be just an energy-storing fat pad, but is also a key ring player in interaction networks between various organs and tissues. A wide range of factors released by adipose tissue are responsible for regulation of adipose tissue and other distant target tissues and cells, such as kidneys, skeletal muscle, the cardiovascular system and the immune system, in an auto-/paracrine manner. A mixture of bioactive molecules makes up the conditioned medium of adipose tissue. The beneficial role played by these bioactive molecules in angiogenesis, wound healing, tissue regeneration and immunomodulation has been demonstrated by various studies. Study of this conditioned medium helps deepen our understanding of underlying mechanisms and broadens the potential for therapeutic applications. In this review, we have aimed to improve fundamental understanding of conditioned medium from adipose tissue and to summarize recent efforts to study its therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjia Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Mei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China. .,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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20
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Pratesi A, Di Serio C, Orso F, Foschini A, Bartoli N, Marella A, Fumagalli S, Di Bari M, Marchionni N, Tarantini F, Baldasseroni S. Prognostic value of adiponectin in coronary artery disease: Role of diabetes and left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2016; 118:58-66. [PMID: 27344545 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adiponectin (AD) promotes insulin sensitivity and has anti-atherogenic properties. However, the role of AD on clinical outcomes in coronary artery disease (CAD) is controversial. We analyzed whether AD was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality and hospitalization in patients with CAD. METHOD We prospectively enrolled 138 patients with stable CAD, with or without type 2 diabetes and with or without left ventricular dysfunction. A telephone follow-up was conducted to register long term outcomes. Sensitivity/specificity ratio for AD was investigated with ROC analysis and the independent role of AD on outcome was evaluated with Cox regression model of analysis. The survival rate was represented by Kaplan Meyer curves. RESULTS Of 138 patients, 61 had type 2 diabetes and 71 left ventricular systolic dysfunction (EF<40%). Median time of follow-up was 1384days; mortality rate was 18.8% (26 deaths) and hospitalization rate was 47.1% (65 events). Mean concentration of AD was 9.87±7.53ng/ml; the analysis of the ROC curve identified an AD cut-off level of 13.2ng/ml (AUC 0.779; p<0.0001). Patients with AD >13.2ng/ml had a significantly higher risk of death (HR=6.50; 95% CI: 2.40-17.70), but not of cardiovascular hospitalization (HR=0.87; 95% CI: 0.31-2.44). AD predictivity remained significant also in patients with type 2 diabetes and with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. CONCLUSION In stable CAD, an AD value of >13.2ng/ml independently predicts a 6-fold increased risk of all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Pratesi
- Division of Geriatric Cardiology and Medicine, Research Unit of Medicine of Ageing, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Di Serio
- Division of Geriatric Cardiology and Medicine, Research Unit of Medicine of Ageing, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Orso
- Division of Geriatric Cardiology and Medicine, Research Unit of Medicine of Ageing, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alice Foschini
- Division of Geriatric Cardiology and Medicine, Research Unit of Medicine of Ageing, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Nadia Bartoli
- Division of Geriatric Cardiology and Medicine, Research Unit of Medicine of Ageing, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Marella
- Division of Geriatric Cardiology and Medicine, Research Unit of Medicine of Ageing, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Fumagalli
- Division of Geriatric Cardiology and Medicine, Research Unit of Medicine of Ageing, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mauro Di Bari
- Division of Geriatric Cardiology and Medicine, Research Unit of Medicine of Ageing, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Niccolò Marchionni
- Division of Geriatric Cardiology and Medicine, Research Unit of Medicine of Ageing, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Tarantini
- Division of Geriatric Cardiology and Medicine, Research Unit of Medicine of Ageing, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Samuele Baldasseroni
- Division of Geriatric Cardiology and Medicine, Research Unit of Medicine of Ageing, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Intensive Care Unit, Division of Cardiology, Department of Heart and Vessels, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi (AOUC), Florence, Italy.
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Sharma G, Kulkarni R, Shah SK, King WW, Longchamp A, Tao M, Ding K, Ozaki CK. Local perivascular adiponectin associates with lower extremity vascular operative wound complications. Surgery 2016; 160:204-210. [PMID: 27085683 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2016.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wound complication rates after lower extremity vascular operative procedures stand as high as 40% and represent a major cause of morbidity, mortality, and cost. In view of increasing recognition of adipose tissue involvement in homeostasis and the response to injury, we hypothesized that adipose phenotype is linked to operative wound outcomes. METHODS Clinical history, peripheral blood, and subcutaneous and perivascular adipose tissue were prospectively collected at the time of operation in patients undergoing lower extremity revascularization and lower extremity amputations. Nine biologic mediators (adiponectin; interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, and IL-8; leptin; monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; resistin; and tumor necrosis factor) were assayed in the adipose tissues and plasma. The 30-day wound complications were captured in real time. Logarithmic transformation of mediator levels was performed based on positively skewed, non-Gaussian distribution, and data were compared using the Student t test. Bonferroni correction was used for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Sixty-six patients undergoing lower extremity revascularization or lower extremity amputations for severe peripheral arterial disease were enrolled. The 30-day follow-up was 92.4%. In total, 19 (29%) patients developed wound complications. Patients who developed wound complications had elevated perivascular adiponectin levels (mean ± standard error, 2,372.45 ± 648.64 ng/mL vs 832.53 ± 180.54 ng/mL, P = .004). Perivascular IL-1β levels were lower among patients with wound dehiscence (0.41 ± 0.004 pg/mL vs 0.73 ± 0.09 pg/mL, P = .001). CONCLUSION Local adipose tissue mediator levels at the time of operation demonstrate a previously undescribed compartment-specific relationship to wound outcomes in patients undergoing lower extremity vascular operative procedures. These associations provide fertile directives for defining the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of wound complications and their prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rohan Kulkarni
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Samir K Shah
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - William W King
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alban Longchamp
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ming Tao
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kui Ding
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - C Keith Ozaki
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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22
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Vu A, Kosmiski LA, Beitelshees AL, Prigeon R, Sidhom MS, Bredbeck B, Predhomme J, Deininger KM, Aquilante CL. Pharmacodynamic Effects of Low-Dose Pioglitazone in Patients with the Metabolic Syndrome without Diabetes Mellitus. Pharmacotherapy 2016; 36:252-62. [DOI: 10.1002/phar.1713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anh Vu
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Colorado; Aurora Colorado
| | | | | | - Ronald Prigeon
- College of Medicine; University of Maryland; Baltimore Maryland
| | - Maha S. Sidhom
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Colorado; Aurora Colorado
| | - Brooke Bredbeck
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Colorado; Aurora Colorado
| | - Julie Predhomme
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Colorado; Aurora Colorado
| | - Kimberly M. Deininger
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Colorado; Aurora Colorado
| | - Christina L. Aquilante
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Colorado; Aurora Colorado
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Human perivascular adipose tissue dysfunction as a cause of vascular disease: Focus on vascular tone and wall remodeling. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 766:16-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Phytochemical Compounds and Protection from Cardiovascular Diseases: A State of the Art. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:918069. [PMID: 26504846 PMCID: PMC4609427 DOI: 10.1155/2015/918069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases represent a worldwide relevant socioeconomical problem. Cardiovascular disease prevention relies also on lifestyle changes, including dietary habits. The cardioprotective effects of several foods and dietary supplements in both animal models and in humans have been explored. It was found that beneficial effects are mainly dependent on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, also involving modulation of mitochondrial function. Resveratrol is one of the most studied phytochemical compounds and it is provided with several benefits in cardiovascular diseases as well as in other pathological conditions (such as cancer). Other relevant compounds are Brassica oleracea, curcumin, and berberine, and they all exert beneficial effects in several diseases. In the attempt to provide a comprehensive reference tool for both researchers and clinicians, we summarized in the present paper the existing literature on both preclinical and clinical cardioprotective effects of each mentioned phytochemical. We structured the discussion of each compound by analyzing, first, its cellular molecular targets of action, subsequently focusing on results from applications in both ex vivo and in vivo models, finally discussing the relevance of the compound in the context of human diseases.
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Yokoyama H, Araki S, Kawai K, Hirao K, Oishi M, Sugimoto K, Sone H, Maegawa H, Kashiwagi A. Pioglitazone treatment and cardiovascular event and death in subjects with type 2 diabetes without established cardiovascular disease (JDDM 36). Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2015; 109:485-92. [PMID: 26261056 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The protective association of pioglitazone with cardiovascular events and death was investigated over 6-years in large-scale type 2 diabetic subjects without established cardiovascular disease in a primary care setting. METHODS A six-year observational cohort study including 2864 subjects with type 2 diabetes without established cardiovascular disease was performed. The primary endpoint was a composite of first occurrence of cardiovascular disease or death. The effect of pioglitazone use at a baseline year with a Cox proportional hazard model and the time-dependent use in each one-year examination interval with a pooled logistic regression model were analyzed. RESULTS Baseline use of pioglitazone (n=493) did not show a statistically protective effect on the primary endpoint (n=175), although it tended to reduce the risk (adjusted hazard ratio 0.67 [95% CI: 0.43-1.05]). However, pooled logistic regression analysis indicated a significant protective association of pioglitazone with the primary endpoint (0.58 [0.38 to 0.87] and cardiovascular disease (0.54 [0.33-0.88]), independent of concurrent levels of blood glucose, blood pressure, lipids, albuminuria, and renal function. In particular, this protective association was observed in those with diabetic nephropathy regardless of the daily dose of pioglitazone. Among a total of 898 subjects who took pioglitazone during the period, 43% experienced a discontinuation at least once; however, serious adverse effects were rare. CONCLUSIONS This observational study indicated a protective association of pioglitazone with cardiovascular disease and death in type 2 diabetic subjects without established vascular disease, particularly those with nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yokoyama
- Jiyugaoka Medical Clinic, Internal Medicine, Obihiro, Japan.
| | - S Araki
- Shiga University of Medical Science, Department of Medicine, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - K Kawai
- Kawai Clinic, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - K Hirao
- HEC Science Clinic, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | | | - H Sone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - H Maegawa
- Shiga University of Medical Science, Department of Medicine, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - A Kashiwagi
- Shiga University of Medical Science, Department of Medicine, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
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Melatonin reduces obesity and restores adipokine patterns and metabolism in obese (ob/ob) mice. Nutr Res 2015; 35:891-900. [PMID: 26250620 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The increasing incidence of obesity, leading to metabolic complications, is now recognized as a major public health problem. The adipocytes are not merely energy-storing cells, but they play crucial roles in the development of the so-called metabolic syndrome due to the adipocyte-derived bioactive factors such as adipokines, cytokines, and growth factors. The dysregulated production and secretion of adipokines seen in obesity is linked to the pathogenesis of the metabolic disease processes. In this study, we hypothesized that dietary melatonin administration would support an anti-inflammatory response and play an important role in energy metabolism in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues of obese mice and so may counteract some of the disruptive effects of obesity. Lean and obese mice (ob/ob) received melatonin or vehicle in drinking water for 8 weeks. Thereafter, they were evaluated for morphologic alteration, inflammatory cell infiltration, and the adipokine patterns in visceral and subcutaneous white fat depots. In obese mice treated with vehicle, we observed a significant increase in fat depots, inflammation, and a dysregulation of the adipokine network. In particular, we measured a significant reduction of adiponectin and an increase of tumor necrosis factor α, resistin, and visfatin in adipose tissue deposits. These changes were partially reversed when melatonin was supplemented to obese mice. Melatonin supplementation by regulating inflammatory infiltration ameliorates obesity-induced adipokine alteration, whereas melatonin administration in lean mice was unaffected. Thus, it is likely that melatonin would be provided in supplement form to control some of the disruptive effects on the basis of obesity pathogenic process.
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Amaya R, Pierides A, Tarbell JM. The Interaction between Fluid Wall Shear Stress and Solid Circumferential Strain Affects Endothelial Gene Expression. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129952. [PMID: 26147292 PMCID: PMC4492743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells lining the walls of blood vessels are exposed simultaneously to wall shear stress (WSS) and circumferential stress (CS) that can be characterized by the temporal phase angle between WSS and CS (stress phase angle - SPA). Regions of the circulation with highly asynchronous hemodynamics (SPA close to -180°) such as coronary arteries are associated with the development of pathological conditions such as atherosclerosis and intimal hyperplasia whereas more synchronous regions (SPA closer to 0°) are spared of disease. The present study evaluates endothelial cell gene expression of 42 atherosclerosis-related genes under asynchronous hemodynamics (SPA=-180 °) and synchronous hemodynamics (SPA=0 °). This study used a novel bioreactor to investigate the cellular response of bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECS) exposed to a combination of pulsatile WSS and CS at SPA=0 or SPA=-180. Using a PCR array of 42 genes, we determined that BAECS exposed to non-reversing sinusoidal WSS (10±10 dyne/cm2) and CS (4 ± 4%) over a 7 hour testing period displayed 17 genes that were up regulated by SPA = -180 °, most of them pro-atherogenic, including NFκB and other NFκB target genes. The up regulation of NFκB p50/p105 and p65 by SPA =-180° was confirmed by Western blots and immunofluorescence staining demonstrating the nuclear translocation of NFκB p50/p105 and p65. These data suggest that asynchronous hemodynamics (SPA=-180 °) can elicit proatherogenic responses in endothelial cells compared to synchronous hemodynamics without shear stress reversal, indicating that SPA may be an important parameter characterizing arterial susceptibility to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronny Amaya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, New York, 10031, United States of America
| | - Alexis Pierides
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, New York, 10031, United States of America
| | - John M. Tarbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, New York, 10031, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Torres N, Guevara-Cruz M, Velázquez-Villegas LA, Tovar AR. Nutrition and Atherosclerosis. Arch Med Res 2015; 46:408-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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29
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Preclinical and clinical evidence for the role of resveratrol in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1155-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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30
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Seropian IM, Sonnino C, Van Tassell BW, Biasucci LM, Abbate A. Inflammatory markers in ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-ACUTE CARDIOVASCULAR CARE 2015; 5:382-95. [PMID: 25681486 DOI: 10.1177/2048872615568965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
After acute myocardial infarction, ventricular remodeling is characterized by changes at the molecular, structural, geometrical and functional level that determine progression to heart failure. Inflammation plays a key role in wound healing and scar formation, affecting ventricular remodeling. Several, rather different, components of the inflammatory response were studied as biomarkers in ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction. Widely available and inexpensive tests, such as leukocyte count at admission, as well as more sophisticated immunoassays provide powerful predictors of adverse outcome in patients with ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction. We review the value of inflammatory markers in ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction and their association with ventricular remodeling, heart failure and sudden death. In conclusion, the use of these biomarkers may identify subjects at greater risk of adverse events and perhaps provide an insight into the mechanisms of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio M Seropian
- Interventional Cardiology Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Chiara Sonnino
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA Victoria Johnson Research Laboratory, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Catholic University, Italy
| | - Benjamin W Van Tassell
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA Victoria Johnson Research Laboratory, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA
| | - Luigi M Biasucci
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Catholic University, Italy
| | - Antonio Abbate
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA Victoria Johnson Research Laboratory, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA
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31
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Cheng KH, Hsi E, Liu CC, Huang CN, Lee YC, Chu CS, Bao BY, Chang CF, Huang SP, Kuo PL, Lai WT. The Associations of Novel Vitamin D3 Metabolic Gene CYP27A1 Polymorphism, Adiponectin/Leptin Ratio, and Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-Aged Taiwanese Males. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:658151. [PMID: 25628655 PMCID: PMC4299789 DOI: 10.1155/2015/658151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) confers increased risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Both vitamin D3 and adipocytokines (especially adiponectin and leptin) have a great impact on CVD and MetS. In vitamin D3 metabolism, the vitamin D3 25-hydroxylase (CYP27A1) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) are two key enzymes. This study aimed to examine the influence of vitamin D3 CYP27 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on adipocytokines and MetS. Cross-sectional data and DNA samples were collected from male volunteers (n = 649, age: 55.7 ± 4.7 years). Two tagging SNPs, CYP27A1 rs4674344 and CYP27B1 rs10877012, were selected from the HapMap project. MetS was significantly associated with the CYP27A1 rs4674344 SNP (P = 0.04) and the ratio of adiponectin/leptin (A/L ratio) was most correlated to the CYP27A1 rs4674344 SNP, appearing to be significantly lower in T-carriers than in AA subjects (3.7 ± 4.0 versus 5.1 ± 6.0, P = 0.001) and significantly negatively associated after adjustment. For each MetS component associated with the CYP27A1 rs4674344 SNP, the A/L ratios were significantly negative in preclinical stage (condition not meeting the individual criteria), except the blood pressure. In conclusion, CYP27A1 rs4674344 SNP, A/L ratio, and MetS are significantly associated and T-carriers might have a higher risk of developing MetS due to low A/L ratios in the preclinical stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Hung Cheng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Edward Hsi
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chu Liu
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Pingtung Hospital, Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Pingtung 90054, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nung Huang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chin Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sheng Chu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Ying Bao
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Fen Chang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Pin Huang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- *Shu-Pin Huang: and
| | - Po-Lin Kuo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ter Lai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- *Wen-Ter Lai:
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Grossini E, Prodam F, Walker GE, Sigaudo L, Farruggio S, Bellofatto K, Marotta P, Molinari C, Mary D, Bona G, Vacca G. Effect of monomeric adiponectin on cardiac function and perfusion in anesthetized pig. J Endocrinol 2014; 222:137-49. [PMID: 24860147 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin, the most abundant adipokine released by adipose tissue, appears to play an important role in the regulation of vascular endothelial and cardiac function. To date, however, the physiological effects of human monomeric adiponectin on the coronary vasculature and myocardial systo-diastolic function, as well as on parasympathetic/sympathetic involvement and nitric oxide (NO) release, have not yet been investigated. Thus, we planned to determine the primary in vivo effects of human monomeric adiponectin on coronary blood flow and cardiac contractility/relaxation and the related role of autonomic nervous system, adiponectin receptors, and NO. In 30 anesthetized pigs, human monomeric adiponectin was infused into the left anterior descending coronary artery at constant heart rate and arterial blood pressure, and the effects on coronary blood flow, left ventricular systo-diastolic function, myocardial oxygen metabolism, and NO release were examined. The mechanisms of the observed hemodynamic responses were also analyzed by repeating the highest dose of human monomeric adiponectin infusion after autonomic nervous system and NO blockade, and after specific adiponectin 1 receptor antagonist administration. Intracoronary human monomeric adiponectin caused dose-related increases of coronary blood flow and cardiac function. Those effects were accompanied by increased coronary NO release and coronary adiponectin levels. Moreover, the vascular effects of the peptide were prevented by blockade of β2-adrenoceptors and NO synthase, whereas all effects of human monomeric adiponectin were prevented by adiponectin 1 receptor inhibitor. In conclusion, human monomeric adiponectin primarily increased coronary blood flow and cardiac systo-diastolic function through the involvement of specific receptors, β2-adrenoceptors, and NO release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Grossini
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental SurgeryDepartment of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carita, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, ItalyPediatric UnitDepartment of Health Sciences, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Flavia Prodam
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental SurgeryDepartment of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carita, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, ItalyPediatric UnitDepartment of Health Sciences, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Gillian Elisabeth Walker
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental SurgeryDepartment of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carita, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, ItalyPediatric UnitDepartment of Health Sciences, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sigaudo
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental SurgeryDepartment of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carita, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, ItalyPediatric UnitDepartment of Health Sciences, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Serena Farruggio
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental SurgeryDepartment of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carita, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, ItalyPediatric UnitDepartment of Health Sciences, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Kevin Bellofatto
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental SurgeryDepartment of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carita, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, ItalyPediatric UnitDepartment of Health Sciences, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Patrizia Marotta
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental SurgeryDepartment of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carita, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, ItalyPediatric UnitDepartment of Health Sciences, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Claudio Molinari
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental SurgeryDepartment of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carita, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, ItalyPediatric UnitDepartment of Health Sciences, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - David Mary
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental SurgeryDepartment of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carita, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, ItalyPediatric UnitDepartment of Health Sciences, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Gianni Bona
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental SurgeryDepartment of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carita, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, ItalyPediatric UnitDepartment of Health Sciences, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vacca
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental SurgeryDepartment of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carita, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, ItalyPediatric UnitDepartment of Health Sciences, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, Italy
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Kostopoulos CG, Spiroglou SG, Varakis JN, Apostolakis E, Papadaki HH. Adiponectin/T-cadherin and apelin/APJ expression in human arteries and periadventitial fat: implication of local adipokine signaling in atherosclerosis? Cardiovasc Pathol 2014; 23:131-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of telmisartan for flow-mediated dilatation. Hypertens Res 2014; 37:845-51. [PMID: 24718299 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2014.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
There have been a number of small-sized underpowered randomized controlled trials to assess effects of telmisartan on flow-mediated dilatation (FMD). To determine whether telmisartan increases FMD, we performed a meta-analysis of these trials. MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched through December 2013. Eligible studies were prospective randomized controlled trials of telmisartan reporting FMD as an outcome. Search terms included: telmisartan; endothelial function/dysfunction; flow-mediated dilation/dilatation/vasodilation/vasodilatation; and randomized, randomly or randomization. Included studies were reviewed to determine the number of patients randomized, mean duration of treatment and percent changes of FMD. Of 25 potentially relevant articles screened initially, seven reports of randomized trials enrolling a total of 398 patients were identified and included. A pooled analysis of the seven trials demonstrated a statistically significant increase in FMD by 48.7%, with telmisartan relative to control in the random-effects model (mean difference, 48.72%; 95% confidence interval, 15.37-82.08%; P for effect=0.004; P for heterogeneity <0.00001). Exclusion of any single trial from the analysis did not substantively alter the overall result of our analysis. There was no evidence of significant publication bias. In conclusion, the present meta-analysis of seven randomized controlled trials enrolling a total of 398 patients confirmed the evidence of a significant increase in FMD with telmisartan, which suggests that telmisartan may improve endothelial dysfunction.
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Hayashino Y, Jackson JL, Hirata T, Fukumori N, Nakamura F, Fukuhara S, Tsujii S, Ishii H. Effects of exercise on C-reactive protein, inflammatory cytokine and adipokine in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Metabolism 2014; 63:431-40. [PMID: 24355625 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE C-reactive protein (CRP), inflammatory cytokines, and adipokines contribute to atherosclerosis, insulin resistance, and development of late-onset complication in patients with type 2 diabetes. We performed a systematic review to assess effects of exercise interventions on inflammatory markers/cytokines and adipokines. MATERIALS/METHODS We searched electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Controlled Trials Registry) and reference lists in relevant papers for articles published in 1966-2013. We selected studies that evaluated the effects of exercise intervention on inflammatory markers/cytokines and adipokines in adult patients with type 2 diabetes. Weighted mean differences of exercise on outcomes were derived using fixed or random effect models; factors influencing heterogeneity were identified using meta-regression analysis. RESULTS Fourteen randomized controlled trials (824 patients) were included in our meta-analysis. Exercise was associated with a significant in CRP=-0.66mg/l (95% CI, -1.09 to -0.23mg/l; -14% from baseline) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)=-0.88pg/ml (95% CI, -1.44 to -0.32pg/ml; -18% from baseline) but did not alter adiponectin or resistin levels; aerobic exercise program was associated with a significant change in leptin=-3.72ng/ml (95% CI, -6.26 to -1.18ng/ml; -24% from baseline). For IL-6, exercise was more effective in those with a longer duration in the program and larger number of sessions during study (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS Exercise decreases inflammatory cytokine (CRP and IL-6) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Exercise could be a therapeutic option for improving abnormalities in inflammation levels in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Hayashino
- Department of Endocrinology, Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan; Department of Epidemiology and Healthcare Research, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Jeffrey L Jackson
- Department of General Medicine, Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Takumi Hirata
- Department of Epidemiology and Healthcare Research, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norio Fukumori
- Department of Epidemiology and Healthcare Research, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Nakamura
- Department of Epidemiology and Healthcare Research, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shunichi Fukuhara
- Department of Epidemiology and Healthcare Research, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoru Tsujii
- Department of Endocrinology, Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ishii
- Department of Endocrinology, Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan
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Choi KM, Hwang SY, Hong HC, Choi HY, Yoo HJ, Youn BS, Baik SH, Seo HS. Implications of C1q/TNF-related protein-3 (CTRP-3) and progranulin in patients with acute coronary syndrome and stable angina pectoris. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014; 13:14. [PMID: 24417980 PMCID: PMC3897880 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-13-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background C1q/TNF-related protein-3 (CTRP-3), an adiponectin paralog, and progranulin were recently identified as novel adipokines which may link obesity with glucose dysregulation and subclinical inflammation. We analyzed the relationship between CTRP-3, progranulin and coronary artery disease (CAD) in Korean men and women. Methods Circulating CTRP-3 and progranulin levels were examined in 362 Korean adults with acute coronary syndrome (ACS, n = 69), stable angina pectoris (SAP, n = 85), and control subjects (n = 208) along with various kinds of cardiometabolic risk factors. Results CTRP-3 concentrations were significantly decreased in patients with ACS or SAP compared to control subjects (P <0.001, respectively), whereas progranulin and adiponectin levels were similar. Correlation analysis adjusted for age and gender exhibited that CTRP-3 levels showed significant negative relationship with glucose (r = -0.110, P = 0.041) and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels (r = -0.159, P = 0.005), and positive relationship with HDL-cholesterol (r = 0.122, P = 0.025) and adiponectin levels (r = 0.194, P <0.001). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio for CAD risk was 5.14 (95% CI, 1.83-14.42) in the second, and 9.04 (95% CI, 2.81-29.14) in the first tertile of CTRP-3 levels compared to third tertile after adjusting for other cardiometabolic risk variables. Conclusions Patients with ACS or SAP had significantly lower circulating CTRP-3 concentrations compared to control subjects, although progranulin levels were not different. These results suggest the possibility that CTRP-3 might be useful for assessing the risk of CAD. Trial registration (Clinical trials No.: NCT01594710)
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hong Seog Seo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, 80 Guro-Dong, Guro-Gu, Seoul 152-050, Korea.
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Oliveira GBDF, França JÍD, Piegas LS. Serum adiponectin and cardiometabolic risk in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Arq Bras Cardiol 2013; 101:399-409. [PMID: 24029961 PMCID: PMC4081163 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20130186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The adipose tissue is considered not only a storable energy source, but mainly an
endocrine organ that secretes several cytokines. Adiponectin, a novel protein
similar to collagen, has been found to be an adipocyte-specific cytokine and a
promising cardiovascular risk marker. Objectives To evaluate the association between serum adiponectin levels and the risk for
cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS), as well as
the correlations between adiponectin and metabolic, inflammatory, and myocardial
biomarkers. Methods We recruited 114 patients with ACS and a mean 1.13-year follow-up to measure
clinical outcomes. Clinical characteristics and biomarkers were compared according
to adiponectin quartiles. Cox proportional hazard regression models with Firth's
penalization were applied to assess the independent association between
adiponectin and the subsequent risk for both primary (composite of cardiovascular
death/non-fatal acute myocardial infarction (AMI)/non-fatal stroke) and co-primary
outcomes (composite of cardiovascular death/non-fatal AMI/non-fatal stroke/
rehospitalization requiring revascularization). Results There were significant direct correlations between adiponectin and age,
HDL-cholesterol, and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), and significant inverse
correlations between adiponectin and waist circumference, body weight, body mass
index, Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) index, triglycerides, and insulin.
Adiponectin was associated with higher risk for primary and co-primary outcomes
(adjusted HR 1.08 and 1.07/increment of 1000; p = 0.01 and p = 0.02,
respectively). Conclusion In ACS patients, serum adiponectin was an independent predictor of cardiovascular
events. In addition to the anthropometric and metabolic correlations, there was a
significant direct correlation between adiponectin and BNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Bernardes de Figueiredo Oliveira
- Mailing Address: Gustavo Bernardes F. Oliveira, Av. Dr. Dante Pazzanese,
500. Unidade Coronária, 2.º andar, Unidade Hospitalar III. Postal Code
04012-909, São Paulo, SP - Brazil. E-mail:
,
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Antonopoulos AS, Tousoulis D, Antoniades C, Miliou A, Hatzis G, Papageorgiou N, Demosthenous M, Tentolouris C, Stefanadis C. Genetic variability on adiponectin gene affects myocardial infarction risk: The role of endothelial dysfunction. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:326-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Delhaye C, Kpogbemabou N, Modine T, Lemesle G, Staels B, Mahmoudi M, Tailleux A, Luc G, Bauters C, Lablanche JM, Sudre A. Long-term prognostic value of preprocedural adiponectin levels in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:4921-4. [PMID: 23953633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.07.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Delhaye
- Hôpital Cardiologique, CHRU de Lille, boulevard Pr Leclercq, 59037 Lille cedex, France.
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Lindberg S, Mogelvang R, Pedersen SH, Bjerre M, Frystyk J, Flyvbjerg A, Galatius S, Jensen JS. Relation of serum adiponectin levels to number of traditional atherosclerotic risk factors and all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (from the Copenhagen City Heart Study). Am J Cardiol 2013; 111:1139-45. [PMID: 23375598 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 12/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin exerts anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic effects and appears to protect against arteriosclerosis. Accordingly, an association between low concentrations of plasma adiponectin and cardiovascular (CV) disease has been demonstrated in several studies. In contrast, elevated plasma adiponectin has been associated with increased mortality and an increasing number of major adverse CV events (MACE). Because of these conflicting results, the true role of adiponectin remains to be elucidated. In the Copenhagen City Heart Study, we prospectively followed up 5,624 randomly selected men and women from the community without CV disease. Plasma adiponectin was measured at the beginning of the study. The median follow-up time was 7.8 years (interquartile range 7.3 to 8.3). The end point was all-cause mortality (n = 801), and the combined end point was MACE, consisting of CV mortality or nonfatal myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke (n = 502). High adiponectin was inversely associated with an increasing number of traditional CV risk factors (p <0.0001). The geometric mean adiponectin concentrations were 10.0 mg/L (95% confidence interval [CI] 9.7 to 10.4) for persons with no CV risk factors present versus 8.1 mg/L (95% CI 7.8 to 8.4) for persons with 4 CV risk factors. After adjustment for confounding risk factors by Cox regression analysis, adiponectin remained an independent predictor of death and MACE. The hazard ratio for each increase in adiponectin of 5 mg/L for death and MACE was 1.20 (95% CI 1.14 to 1.27; p <0.0001) and 1.14 (95% CI 1.05-1.23; p <0.0001), respectively. In conclusion, an increasing number of risk factors for CV disease is associated with decreased plasma adiponectin. High plasma adiponectin independently predicted death and MACE in a large community-based population. These results have confirmed the dual expression indicated by previous studies.
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Cheng KH, Huang SP, Huang CN, Lee YC, Chu CS, Chang CF, Lai WT, Liu CC. The impact of estradiol and 1,25(OH)2D3 on metabolic syndrome in middle-aged Taiwanese males. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60295. [PMID: 23555948 PMCID: PMC3610656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to adipocytokines, estradiol (E2) and vitamin D have been reported to affect insulin sensitivity, glucose homeostasis and body weight. However, studies about the impact of E2 and vitamin D on metabolic syndrome (MetS) are still limited. The aim of this study is to clarify the roles of circulating E2 and vitamin D on the risk of MetS in middle-aged Taiwanese males. A total of 655 male volunteers, including 243 subjects with MetS (mean age: 56.7±5.8 years) and 412 normal controls (mean age: 55.1±3.6 years), were evaluated. Subjects with MetS had significantly lower circulating E2, 1,25(OH)2D3, and adiponectin, and higher leptin than those without MetS (P<0.001 for all comparisons). E2 and 1,25(OH)2D3 were significantly associated with 4 individual components of MetS; more than adiponectin and leptin that were only associated with 3 individual components. In multivariate regression analysis, E2 (beta = −0.216, P<0.001) and 1,25(OH)2D3 (beta = 0.067, P = 0.045) were still significant predictors of MetS independent of adiponectin and leptin. Further large studies are needed to confirm our preliminary results and elucidate the possible mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Hung Cheng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Pin Huang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nung Huang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chin Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sheng Chu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Fen Chang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ter Lai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (WTL); (CCL)
| | - Chia-Chu Liu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Pingtung Hospital, Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Pingtung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (WTL); (CCL)
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Valero-Muñoz M, Martín-Fernández B, Ballesteros S, Martínez-Martínez E, Blanco-Rivero J, Balfagón G, Cachofeiro V, Lahera V, de las Heras N. Relevance of vascular peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α to molecular alterations in atherosclerosis. Exp Physiol 2013; 98:999-1008. [DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2012.070557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Tomé-Carneiro J, Gonzálvez M, Larrosa M, Yáñez-Gascón MJ, García-Almagro FJ, Ruiz-Ros JA, Tomás-Barberán FA, García-Conesa MT, Espín JC. Grape resveratrol increases serum adiponectin and downregulates inflammatory genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells: a triple-blind, placebo-controlled, one-year clinical trial in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2013; 27:37-48. [PMID: 23224687 PMCID: PMC3555235 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-012-6427-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The grape and wine polyphenol resveratrol exerts cardiovascular benefits but evidence from randomized human clinical trials is very limited. We investigated dose-depending effects of a resveratrol-containing grape supplement on stable patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) treated according to currently accepted guidelines for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. METHODS In a triple-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, one-year follow-up, 3-arm pilot clinical trial, 75 stable-CAD patients received 350 mg/day of placebo, resveratrol-containing grape extract (grape phenolics plus 8 mg resveratrol) or conventional grape extract lacking resveratrol during 6 months, and a double dose for the following 6 months. Changes in circulating inflammatory and fibrinolytic biomarkers were analyzed. Moreover, the transcriptional profiling of inflammatory genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was explored using microarrays and functional gene expression analysis. RESULTS After 1 year, in contrast to the placebo and conventional grape extract groups, the resveratrol-containing grape extract group showed an increase of the anti-inflammatory serum adiponectin (9.6 %, p = 0.01) and a decrease of the thrombogenic plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) (-18.6 %, p = 0.05). In addition, 6 key inflammation-related transcription factors were predicted to be significantly activated or inhibited, with 27 extracellular-space acting genes involved in inflammation, cell migration and T-cell interaction signals presenting downregulation (p < 0.05) in PBMCs. No adverse effects were detected in relation to the study products. CONCLUSIONS Chronic daily consumption of a resveratrol-containing grape nutraceutical could exert cardiovascular benefits in stable-CAD patients treated according to current evidence-based standards, by increasing serum adiponectin, preventing PAI-1 increase and inhibiting atherothrombotic signals in PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Tomé-Carneiro
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Gonzálvez
- Cardiology Service, Morales Meseguer University Hospital, 30008 Avda. Marqués de los Velez, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mar Larrosa
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - María J. Yáñez-Gascón
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - José A. Ruiz-Ros
- Cardiology Service, Morales Meseguer University Hospital, 30008 Avda. Marqués de los Velez, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco A. Tomás-Barberán
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - María T. García-Conesa
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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Kim SJ, Moon GJ, Bang OY. Biomarkers for stroke. J Stroke 2013; 15:27-37. [PMID: 24324937 PMCID: PMC3779673 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2013.15.1.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Major stroke clinical trials have failed during the past decades. The failures suggest the presence of heterogeneity among stroke patients. Biomarkers refer to indicators found in the blood, other body fluids or tissues that predicts physiologic or disease states, increased disease risk, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention. Stroke biomarkers could be used as a guiding tool for more effective personalized therapy. Main Contents Three aspects of stroke biomarkers are explored in detail. First, the possible role of biomarkers in patients with stroke is discussed. Second, the limitations of conventional biomarkers (especially protein biomarkers) in the area of stroke research are presented with the reasons. Lastly, various types of biomarkers including traditional and novel genetic, microvesicle, and metabolomics-associated biomarkers are introduced with their advantages and disadvantages. We especially focus on the importance of comprehensive approaches using a variety of stroke biomarkers. Conclusion Although biomarkers are not recommended in practice guidelines for use in the diagnosis or treatment of stroke, many efforts have been made to overcome the limitations of biomarkers. The studies reviewed herein suggest that comprehensive analysis of different types of stroke biomarkers will improve the understanding of individual pathophysiologies and further promote the development of screening tools for of high-risk patients, and predicting models of stroke outcome and rational stroke therapy tailored to the characteristics of each case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Jae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Baldasseroni S, Antenore A, Di Serio C, Orso F, Lonetto G, Bartoli N, Foschini A, Marella A, Pratesi A, Scarantino S, Fumagalli S, Monami M, Mannucci E, Marchionni N, Tarantini F. Adiponectin, diabetes and ischemic heart failure: a challenging relationship. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2012; 11:151. [PMID: 23249664 PMCID: PMC3558365 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-11-151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several peptides, named adipokines, are produced by the adipose tissue. Among those, adiponectin (AD) is the most abundant. AD promotes peripheral insulin sensitivity, inhibits liver gluconeogenesis and displays anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. Lower levels of AD are related to a higher risk of myocardial infarction and a worse prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease. However, despite a favorable clinical profile, AD increases in relation to worsening heart failure (HF); in this context, higher adiponectinemia is reliably related to poor prognosis. There is still little knowledge about how certain metabolic conditions, such as diabetes mellitus, modulate the relationship between AD and HF.We evaluated the level of adiponectin in patients with ischemic HF, with and without type 2 diabetes, to elucidate whether the metabolic syndrome was able to influence the relationship between AD and HF. RESULTS We demonstrated that AD rises in patients with advanced HF, but to a lesser extent in diabetics than in non-diabetics. Diabetic patients with reduced systolic performance orchestrated a slower rise of AD which began only in face of overt HF. The different behavior of AD in the presence of diabetes was not entirely explained by differences in body mass index. In addition, NT-proBNP, the second strongest predictor of AD, did not differ significantly between diabetic and non-diabetic patients. These data indicate that some other mechanisms are involved in the regulation of AD in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. CONCLUSIONS AD rises across chronic heart failure stages but this phenomenon is less evident in type 2 diabetic patients. In the presence of diabetes, the progressive increase of AD in relation to the severity of LV dysfunction is hampered and becomes evident only in overt HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Baldasseroni
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Surgery, Geriatric Medicine Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Heart and Vessels, Geriatric Cardiology and Medicine Unit, University of Florence and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi [AOUC], Viale Morgagni 85, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antenore
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Surgery, Geriatric Medicine Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Heart and Vessels, Geriatric Cardiology and Medicine Unit, University of Florence and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi [AOUC], Viale Morgagni 85, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Di Serio
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Surgery, Geriatric Medicine Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Heart and Vessels, Geriatric Cardiology and Medicine Unit, University of Florence and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi [AOUC], Viale Morgagni 85, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Orso
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Surgery, Geriatric Medicine Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Heart and Vessels, Geriatric Cardiology and Medicine Unit, University of Florence and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi [AOUC], Viale Morgagni 85, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lonetto
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Surgery, Geriatric Medicine Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Heart and Vessels, Geriatric Cardiology and Medicine Unit, University of Florence and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi [AOUC], Viale Morgagni 85, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Nadia Bartoli
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Surgery, Geriatric Medicine Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Heart and Vessels, Geriatric Cardiology and Medicine Unit, University of Florence and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi [AOUC], Viale Morgagni 85, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Alice Foschini
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Surgery, Geriatric Medicine Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Heart and Vessels, Geriatric Cardiology and Medicine Unit, University of Florence and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi [AOUC], Viale Morgagni 85, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Marella
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Surgery, Geriatric Medicine Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Heart and Vessels, Geriatric Cardiology and Medicine Unit, University of Florence and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi [AOUC], Viale Morgagni 85, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pratesi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Surgery, Geriatric Medicine Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Heart and Vessels, Geriatric Cardiology and Medicine Unit, University of Florence and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi [AOUC], Viale Morgagni 85, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Salvatore Scarantino
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Surgery, Geriatric Medicine Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Heart and Vessels, Geriatric Cardiology and Medicine Unit, University of Florence and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi [AOUC], Viale Morgagni 85, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Fumagalli
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Surgery, Geriatric Medicine Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Heart and Vessels, Geriatric Cardiology and Medicine Unit, University of Florence and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi [AOUC], Viale Morgagni 85, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Monami
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Surgery, Geriatric Medicine Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Heart and Vessels, Geriatric Cardiology and Medicine Unit, University of Florence and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi [AOUC], Viale Morgagni 85, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Edoardo Mannucci
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Surgery, Geriatric Medicine Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Heart and Vessels, Geriatric Cardiology and Medicine Unit, University of Florence and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi [AOUC], Viale Morgagni 85, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Niccolò Marchionni
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Surgery, Geriatric Medicine Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Heart and Vessels, Geriatric Cardiology and Medicine Unit, University of Florence and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi [AOUC], Viale Morgagni 85, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Tarantini
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Surgery, Geriatric Medicine Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Heart and Vessels, Geriatric Cardiology and Medicine Unit, University of Florence and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi [AOUC], Viale Morgagni 85, 50134, Florence, Italy
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High plasma adiponectin concentration is associated with all-cause mortality in patients with carotid atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2012; 225:491-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasingly common condition, which is strongly associated with obesity and diabetes. The risk of cardiovascular disease is increased in NAFLD and represents the main cause of death in these patients. However, given the shared features between NAFLD, the metabolic syndrome and traditional cardiovascular risk factors, uncertainty exists as to whether NAFLD is an independent risk factor for increased cardiovascular disease. RECENT FINDINGS Multiple epidemiological and case-control studies now demonstrate that NAFLD is associated with increased vascular risk, independently of conventional cardiometabolic risk factors. Evidence also suggests a graded association between NAFLD severity and increased vascular risk. However, given the heterogeneous disease spectrum of NAFLD, these findings have limitations with respect to accuracy of diagnosis and staging of NAFLD in most studies. SUMMARY Although accumulating evidence points to NAFLD emerging as a novel cardiovascular risk factor, more research is needed to find suitable noninvasive biomarkers of NAFLD severity to allow better risk-stratification based on cardiovascular outcomes. Furthermore, with no established pharmacological treatment option for NAFLD currently available, any potential treatment must show efficacy not only in slowing liver disease progression, but also in ameliorating adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
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Jia T, Carrero JJ, Lindholm B, Stenvinkel P. The complex role of adiponectin in chronic kidney disease. Biochimie 2012; 94:2150-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Watanabe T, Sato K, Itoh F, Wakabayashi K, Shichiri M, Hirano T. Endogenous bioactive peptides as potential biomarkers for atherosclerotic coronary heart disease. SENSORS 2012; 12:4974-85. [PMID: 22666071 PMCID: PMC3355454 DOI: 10.3390/s120404974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, with high medical costs and rates of disability. It is therefore important to evaluate the use of cardiovascular biomarkers in the early diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). We have screened a variety of recently identified bioactive peptides candidates in anticipation that they would allow detection of atherosclerotic CAD. Especially, we have focused on novel anti-atherogenic peptides as indicators and negative risk factors for CAD. In vitro, in vivo and clinical studies indicated that human adiponectin, heregulin-β1, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and salusin-α, peptides of 244, 71, 30, and 28 amino acids, respectively, attenuate the development and progression of atherosclerotic lesions by suppressing macrophage foam cell formation via down-regulation of acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase-1. Circulating levels of these peptides in the blood are significantly decreased in patients with CAD compared to patients without CAD. Receiver operating characteristic analyses showed that salusin-α is a more useful biomarker, with better sensitivity and specificity, compared with the others for detecting CAD. Therefore, salusin-α, heregulin-β1, adiponectin, and/or GLP-1, alone or in various combinations, may be useful as biomarkers for atherosclerotic CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Watanabe
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji-City, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; E-Mails: (K.S.); (F.I.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +81-42-676-6983; Fax: +81-42-676-4323
| | - Kengo Sato
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji-City, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; E-Mails: (K.S.); (F.I.)
| | - Fumiko Itoh
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji-City, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; E-Mails: (K.S.); (F.I.)
| | - Kohei Wakabayashi
- Division of Cardiology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8501, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Masayoshi Shichiri
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Tsutomu Hirano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; E-Mail:
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