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Ding B, Lu Y. Omalizumab in combination with subcutaneous immunotherapy for the treatment of multiple allergies associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a case report and a literature review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1367551. [PMID: 38887551 PMCID: PMC11180729 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1367551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
We describe the case of a 10-year-old boy with asthma (AS), accompanied by allergic rhinitis (AR), food allergy (FA), and combined attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), who was treated at Shanghai Renji Hospital on 11 July 2020. The efficiency of the previous treatment with salmeterol/ticlosone was poor. Treatment with montelukast sodium resulted in development of neurological symptoms. Treatment with omalizumab in combination with subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) was then initiated in our department based on anti-asthmatic therapy. Symptoms of asthma were completely controlled, and FA and AR symptoms improved. The treatment regimen led to a significant improvement in ADHD symptoms and the overall quality of life of the patient. The literature search was done in the PubMed database using "attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder/ADHD" and "asthma" as keywords, and we identified 47 relevant articles. In conclusion, our results show that treating asthma with omalizumab in combination with salmeterol/ticlosone and SCIT is efficient in controlling symptoms of multiple allergies and may lead to the improvement in ADHD symptoms and the overall quality of life of pediatric patients with ADHD. While current studies suggest that allergic diseases are closely related to ADHD, there is still a lack of studies or case reports of complete treatment protocols to provide clinical clues for management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanming Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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2
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Congdon EE, Ji C, Tetlow AM, Jiang Y, Sigurdsson EM. Tau-targeting therapies for Alzheimer disease: current status and future directions. Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:715-736. [PMID: 37875627 PMCID: PMC10965012 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00883-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in older individuals. AD is characterized pathologically by amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, with associated loss of synapses and neurons, which eventually results in dementia. Many of the early attempts to develop treatments for AD focused on Aβ, but a lack of efficacy of these treatments in terms of slowing disease progression led to a change of strategy towards targeting of tau pathology. Given that tau shows a stronger correlation with symptom severity than does Aβ, targeting of tau is more likely to be efficacious once cognitive decline begins. Anti-tau therapies initially focused on post-translational modifications, inhibition of tau aggregation and stabilization of microtubules. However, trials of many potential drugs were discontinued because of toxicity and/or lack of efficacy. Currently, the majority of tau-targeting agents in clinical trials are immunotherapies. In this Review, we provide an update on the results from the initial immunotherapy trials and an overview of new therapeutic candidates that are in clinical development, as well as considering future directions for tau-targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Congdon
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Changyi Ji
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amber M Tetlow
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yixiang Jiang
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Einar M Sigurdsson
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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3
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Wiebe D, Limberg MM, Gray N, Raap U. Basophils in pruritic skin diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1213138. [PMID: 37465674 PMCID: PMC10350488 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1213138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Basophils are rare cells in the peripheral blood which have the capability to infiltrate into the skin. Invasion of basophils has been detected in pruritic skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis, bullous pemphigoid, chronic spontaneous urticaria and contact dermatitis. In the skin, basophils are important players of the inflammatory immune response, as they release Th2 cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, subsequently inducing the early activation of T-cells. Further, basophils release a multitude of mediators, such as histamine and IL-31, which both play an important role in the initiation of the pruritic response via activation of sensory nerves. Chronic pruritus significantly affects the quality of life and the working capability of patients, though its mechanisms are not fully elucidated yet. Since basophils and neurons share many receptors and channels, bidirectional interaction mechanisms, which drive the sensation of itch, are highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Wiebe
- Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Maren M. Limberg
- Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Natalie Gray
- Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Division of Anatomy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Raap
- Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center for Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- University Clinic of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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4
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Konstantinou GN, Konstantinou GN, Koulias C, Petalas K, Makris M. Further Understanding of Neuro-Immune Interactions in Allergy: Implications in Pathophysiology and Role in Disease Progression. J Asthma Allergy 2022; 15:1273-1291. [PMID: 36117919 PMCID: PMC9473548 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s282039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The complicated interaction between the central and the autonomic (sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric) nervous systems on the one hand and the immune system and its components, on the other hand, seems to substantially contribute to allergy pathophysiology, uncovering an under-recognized association that could have diagnostic and therapeutic potentials. Neurons connect directly with and regulate the function of many immune cells, including mast cells, the cells that have a leading role in allergic disorders. Proinflammatory mediators such as cytokines, neurotrophins, chemokines, and neuropeptides are released by immune cells, which stimulate sensory neurons. The release of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides caused by the activation of these neurons directly impacts the functional activity of immune cells and vice versa, playing a decisive role in this communication. Successful application of Pavlovian conditioning in allergic disorders supports the existence of a psychoneuroimmunological interplay in classical allergic hypersensitivity reactions. Activation of neuronal homeostatic reflexes, like sneezing in allergic rhinitis, coughing in allergic asthma, and vomiting in food allergy, offers additional evidence of a neuroimmunological interaction that aims to maintain homeostasis. Dysregulation of this interaction may cause overstimulation of the immune system that will produce profound symptoms and exaggerated hemodynamic responses that will lead to severe allergic pathophysiological events, including anaphylaxis. In this article, we have systematically reviewed and discussed the evidence regarding the role of the neuro-immune interactions in common allergic clinical modalities like allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, allergic asthma, food allergy, atopic dermatitis, and urticaria. It is essential to understand unknown – to most of the immunology and allergy experts – neurological networks that not only physiologically cooperate with the immune system to regulate homeostasis but also pathogenetically interact with more or less known immunological pathways, contribute to what is known as neuroimmunological inflammation, and shift homeostasis to instability and disease clinical expression. This understanding will provide recognition of new allergic phenotypes/endotypes and directions to focus on specialized treatments, as the era of personalized patient-centered medicine, is hastening apace.
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Affiliation(s)
- George N Konstantinou
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 424 General Military Training Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Gerasimos N Konstantinou
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre of Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher Koulias
- Allergy Unit, 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Michael Makris
- Allergy Unit, 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Rahimi RA, Sokol CL. Functional Recognition Theory and Type 2 Immunity: Insights and Uncertainties. Immunohorizons 2022; 6:569-580. [PMID: 35926975 PMCID: PMC9897289 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2200002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 immunity plays an important role in host defense against helminths and toxins while driving allergic diseases. Despite progress in understanding the biology of type 2 immunity, the fundamental mechanisms regulating the type 2 immune module remain unclear. In contrast with structural recognition used by pattern recognition receptors, type 2 immunogens are sensed through their functional properties. Functional recognition theory has arisen as the paradigm for the initiation of type 2 immunity. However, the vast array of structurally unrelated type 2 immunogens makes it challenging to advance our understanding of type 2 immunity. In this article, we review functional recognition theory and organize type 2 immunogens into distinct classes based on how they fit into the concept of functional recognition. Lastly, we discuss areas of uncertainty in functional recognition theory with the goal of providing a framework to further define the logic of type 2 immunity in host protection and immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rod A Rahimi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Caroline L Sokol
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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6
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Lemos L, Assis HC, Alves JL, Reis DS, Campos Canesso MC, Almeida Oliveira M, Moreira TG, Miranda Sato BK, Batista LA, Gomes Lenzi J, Moraes MA, Melo L, Resende B, Aguiar D, Rezende Souza B, Cara DC, Gomes-Santos AC, Faria AMC. Neuroimmune circuits involved in β-lactoglobulin-induced food allergy. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 23:100471. [PMID: 35668724 PMCID: PMC9166446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several antigens can act as allergens eliciting IgE-mediated food allergy reactions when fed to sensitized animals. One of them is ovalbumin (OVA) which is the main allergen in egg white. Allergic mice develop aversion to OVA consumption. This aversive behavior is associated with anxiety, and it can be transferred to non-sensitized mice by injection of serum of allergic mice. However, it is yet to be determined whether altered behavior is a general component of food allergy or whether it is specific for some types of allergens. Cow's milk allergy is the most prevalent food allergy that usually begins early in life and β-lactoglobulin (BLG) is the milk component with the highest allergenicity. In this study, we investigated behavioral and neuroimmune circuits triggered by allergic sensitization to BLG. A neuroimmune conflict between aversion and reward was observed in a model of food allergy induced by BLG intake. Mice sensitized to BLG did not present aversive behavior when BLG was used for sensitization and oral challenge. Mice allergic to BLG preferred to drink the allergen-containing solution over water even though they had high levels of specific IgE, inflammatory cells in the intestinal mucosa and significant weight loss. When sensitized to OVA and challenged with the same antigen, mice had increased levels of neuron activation in the amygdala, a brain area related to anxiety. On the other hand, when mice were sensitized to OVA and received a mixture of BLG and OVA in the oral challenge, mice preferred to drink this mixture, despite their aversion to OVA, which was associated with neuron activation in the nucleus accumbens, an area related to reward behavior. Thus, the aversive behavior observed in food allergy to OVA does not apply to all antigens and some allergens may activate the brain reward system rather than anxiety and aversion. Our study provides novel insights into the neuroimmune conflicts regarding preference and avoidance to a common antigen associated with food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa Lemos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Helder Carvalho Assis
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana Lima Alves
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniela Silva Reis
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Cecilia Campos Canesso
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mariana Almeida Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Thais Garcias Moreira
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Luara Augusta Batista
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Julia Gomes Lenzi
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Muiara Aparecida Moraes
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luciana Melo
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruna Resende
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Danielle Aguiar
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rezende Souza
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Denise Carmona Cara
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Gomes-Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Centro Universitário UNA, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Caetano Faria
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Rahimi RA, Cho JL, Jakubzick CV, Khader SA, Lambrecht BN, Lloyd CM, Molofsky AB, Talbot S, Bonham CA, Drake WP, Sperling AI, Singer BD. Advancing Lung Immunology Research: An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:e1-18. [PMID: 35776495 PMCID: PMC9273224 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0167st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian airways and lungs are exposed to a myriad of inhaled particulate matter, allergens, and pathogens. The immune system plays an essential role in protecting the host from respiratory pathogens, but a dysregulated immune response during respiratory infection can impair pathogen clearance and lead to immunopathology. Furthermore, inappropriate immunity to inhaled antigens can lead to pulmonary diseases. A complex network of epithelial, neural, stromal, and immune cells has evolved to sense and respond to inhaled antigens, including the decision to promote tolerance versus a rapid, robust, and targeted immune response. Although there has been great progress in understanding the mechanisms governing immunity to respiratory pathogens and aeroantigens, we are only beginning to develop an integrated understanding of the cellular networks governing tissue immunity within the lungs and how it changes after inflammation and over the human life course. An integrated model of airway and lung immunity will be necessary to improve mucosal vaccine design as well as prevent and treat acute and chronic inflammatory pulmonary diseases. Given the importance of immunology in pulmonary research, the American Thoracic Society convened a working group to highlight central areas of investigation to advance the science of lung immunology and improve human health.
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Zhu Y, Duan S, Wang M, Deng Z, Li J. Neuroimmune Interaction: A Widespread Mutual Regulation and the Weapons for Barrier Organs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:906755. [PMID: 35646918 PMCID: PMC9130600 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.906755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the embryo, the nervous system and immune system have been interacting to regulate each other’s development and working together to resist harmful stimuli. However, oversensitive neural response and uncontrolled immune attack are major causes of various diseases, especially in barrier organs, while neural-immune interaction makes it worse. As the first defense line, the barrier organs give a guarantee to maintain homeostasis in external environment. And the dense nerve innervation and abundant immune cell population in barrier organs facilitate the neuroimmune interaction, which is the physiological basis of multiple neuroimmune-related diseases. Neuroimmune-related diseases often have complex mechanisms and require a combination of drugs, posing challenges in finding etiology and treatment. Therefore, it is of great significance to illustrate the specific mechanism and exact way of neuro-immune interaction. In this review, we first described the mutual regulation of the two principal systems and then focused on neuro-immune interaction in the barrier organs, including intestinal tract, lungs and skin, to clarify the mechanisms and provide ideas for clinical etiology exploration and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shixin Duan
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhili Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Zhili Deng, ; Ji Li,
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Zhili Deng, ; Ji Li,
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9
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Kadowaki M, Yamamoto T, Hayashi S. Neuro-immune crosstalk and food allergy: Focus on enteric neurons and mucosal mast cells. Allergol Int 2022; 71:278-287. [PMID: 35410807 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The nervous system and the immune system individually play important roles in regulating the processes necessary to maintain physiological homeostasis, respond to acute stress and protect against external threats. These two regulating systems for maintaining the living body had often been assumed to function independently. Allergies develop as a result of an overreaction of the immune system to substances that are relatively harmless to the body, such as food, pollen and dust mites. Therefore, it has been generally supposed that the development and pathogenesis of allergies can be explained through an immunological interpretation. Recently, however, neuro-immune crosstalk has attracted increasing attention. Consequently, it is becoming clear that there is close morphological proximity and physiological and pathophysiological interactions between neurons and immune cells in various peripheral tissues. Thus, researchers are now beginning to appreciate that neuro-immune interactions may play a role in tissue homeostasis and the pathophysiology of immune-mediated disease, but very little information is available on the molecular basis of these interactions. Mast cells are a part of the innate immune system implicated in allergic reactions and the regulation of host-pathogen interactions. Mast cells are ubiquitous in the body, and these cells are often found in close proximity to nerve fibers in various tissues, including the lamina propria of the intestine. Mast cells and neurons are thought to communicate bidirectionally to modulate neurophysiological effects and mast cell functions, which suggests that neuro-immune interactions may be involved in the pathology of allergic diseases.
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Cui H, Liu F, Fang Y, Wang T, Yuan B, Ma C. Neuronal FcεRIα directly mediates ocular itch via IgE-immune complex in a mouse model of allergic conjunctivitis. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:55. [PMID: 35197064 PMCID: PMC8867756 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02417-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Classical understanding of allergic conjunctivitis (ACJ) suggests that ocular itch results from a mast cell-dependent inflammatory process. However, treatments that target inflammatory mediators or immune cells are often unsatisfying in relieving the stubborn itch symptom. This suggests that additional mechanisms are responsible for ocular itch in ACJ. In this study, we aim to determine the role of neuronal FcεRIa in allergic ocular itch. Methods Calcium imaging was applied to observe the effect of IgE-immune complex in trigeminal neurons. Genomic FcεRIa knockout mice and adeno-associated virus (AAV) mediated sensory neuron FcεRIa knockdown mice were used in conjunction with behavioral tests to determine ocular itch. In addition, immunohistochemistry, Western blot and quantitative RT-PCR were used for in vitro experiments. Results We found that FcεRIα was expressed in a subpopulation of conjunctiva sensory neurons. IgE-IC directly activated trigeminal neurons and evoked acute ocular itch without detectible conjunctival inflammation. These effects were attenuated in both a global FcεRIa-knockout mice and after sensory neuronal-specific FcεRIa-knockdown in the mouse trigeminal ganglion. In an ovalbumin (OVA) induced murine ACJ model, FcεRIα was found upregulated in conjunctiva-innervating CGRP+ sensory neurons. Sensory neuronal-specific knockdown of FcεRIa significantly alleviated ocular itch in the ACJ mice without affecting the immune cell infiltration and mast cell activation in conjunctiva. Although FcεRIα mRNA expression was not increased by IgE in dissociated trigeminal ganglion neurons, FcεRIα protein level was enhanced by IgE in a cycloheximide-resistance manner, with concordant enhancement of neuronal responses to IgE-IC. In addition, incremental sensitization gradually enhanced the expression of FcεRIα in small-sized trigeminal neurons and aggravated OVA induced ocular itch. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that FcεRIα in pruriceptive neurons directly mediates IgE-IC evoked itch and plays an important role in ocular itch in a mouse model of ACJ. These findings reveal another axis of neuroimmune interaction in allergic itch condition independent to the classical IgE-mast cell pathway, and might suggest novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of pruritus in ACJ and other immune-related disorders. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02417-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Cui
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Liu
- National Human Brain Bank for Development and Function, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yehong Fang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. .,National Human Brain Bank for Development and Function, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. .,Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.
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11
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Congdon EE, Jiang Y, Sigurdsson EM. Targeting tau only extracellularly is likely to be less efficacious than targeting it both intra- and extracellularly. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 126:125-137. [PMID: 34896021 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of the tau protein is thought to be responsible for the neurodegeneration and subsequent functional impairments in diseases that are collectively named tauopathies. Alzheimer's disease is the most common tauopathy, but the group consists of over 20 different diseases, many of which have tau pathology as their primary feature. The development of tau therapies has mainly focused on preventing the formation of and/or clearing these aggregates. Of these, immunotherapies that aim to either elicit endogenous tau antibodies or deliver exogenous ones are the most common approach in clinical trials. While their mechanism of action can involve several pathways, both extra- and intracellular, pharmaceutical companies have primarily focused on antibody-mediated clearance of extracellular tau. As we have pointed out over the years, this is rather surprising because it is well known that most of pathological tau protein is found intracellularly. It has been repeatedly shown by several groups over the past decades that antibodies can enter neurons and that their cellular uptake can be enhanced by various means, particularly by altering their charge. Here, we will briefly describe the potential extra- and intracellular mechanisms involved in antibody-mediated clearance of tau pathology, discuss these in the context of recent failures of some of the tau antibody trials, and finally provide a brief overview of how the intracellular efficacy of tau antibodies can potentially be further improved by certain modifications that aim to enhance tau clearance via specific intracellular degradation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Congdon
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States.
| | - Yixiang Jiang
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Einar M Sigurdsson
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States.
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12
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Mathur S, Wang JC, Seehus CR, Poirier F, Crosson T, Hsieh YC, Doyle B, Lee S, Woolf CJ, Foster SL, Talbot S. Nociceptor neurons promote IgE class switch in B cells. JCI Insight 2021; 6:148510. [PMID: 34727095 PMCID: PMC8783686 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.148510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nociceptors, the high-threshold primary sensory neurons that trigger pain, interact with immune cells in the periphery to modulate innate immune responses. Whether they also participate in adaptive and humoral immunity is, however, not known. In this study, we probed if nociceptors have a role in distinct airway and skin models of allergic inflammation. In both models, the genetic ablation and pharmacological silencing of nociceptors substantially reduced inflammatory cell infiltration to the affected tissue. Moreover, we also found a profound and specific deficit in IgE production in these models of allergic inflammation. Mechanistically, we discovered that the nociceptor-released neuropeptide Substance P help triggered the formation of antibody secreting cells and their release of IgE. Our findings suggest that nociceptors, in addition to their contributions to innate immunity, play a key role in modulating the adaptive immune response, particularly B cell antibody class switching to IgE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Mathur
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Jo-Chiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Corey R Seehus
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Florence Poirier
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Theo Crosson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Yu-Chen Hsieh
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Doyle
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Seungkyu Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Clifford J Woolf
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Simmie L Foster
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Sebastien Talbot
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
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13
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Yashiro T, Ogata H, Zaidi SF, Lee J, Hayashi S, Yamamoto T, Kadowaki M. Pathophysiological Roles of Neuro-Immune Interactions between Enteric Neurons and Mucosal Mast Cells in the Gut of Food Allergy Mice. Cells 2021; 10:1586. [PMID: 34201851 PMCID: PMC8305700 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the involvement of the nervous system in the pathology of allergic diseases has attracted increasing interest. However, the precise pathophysiological role of enteric neurons in food allergies has not been elucidated. We report the presence of functional high-affinity IgE receptors (FcεRIs) in enteric neurons. FcεRI immunoreactivities were observed in approximately 70% of cholinergic myenteric neurons from choline acetyltransferase-eGFP mice. Furthermore, stimulation by IgE-antigen elevated intracellular Ca2+ concentration in isolated myenteric neurons from normal mice, suggesting that FcεRIs are capable of activating myenteric neurons. Additionally, the morphological investigation revealed that the majority of mucosal mast cells were in close proximity to enteric nerve fibers in the colonic mucosa of food allergy mice. Next, using a newly developed coculture system of isolated myenteric neurons and mucosal-type bone-marrow-derived mast cells (mBMMCs) with a calcium imaging system, we demonstrated that the stimulation of isolated myenteric neurons by veratridine caused the activation of mBMMCs, which was suppressed by the adenosine A3 receptor antagonist MRE 3008F20. Moreover, the expression of the adenosine A3 receptor gene was detected in mBMMCs. Therefore, in conclusion, it is suggested that, through interaction with mucosal mast cells, IgE-antigen-activated myenteric neurons play a pathological role in further exacerbating the pathology of food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoe Yashiro
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (T.Y.); (H.O.); (S.F.Z.); (J.L.); (S.H.); (T.Y.)
| | - Hanako Ogata
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (T.Y.); (H.O.); (S.F.Z.); (J.L.); (S.H.); (T.Y.)
| | - Syed Faisal Zaidi
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (T.Y.); (H.O.); (S.F.Z.); (J.L.); (S.H.); (T.Y.)
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Batterjee Medical College for Sciences and Technology, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaemin Lee
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (T.Y.); (H.O.); (S.F.Z.); (J.L.); (S.H.); (T.Y.)
| | - Shusaku Hayashi
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (T.Y.); (H.O.); (S.F.Z.); (J.L.); (S.H.); (T.Y.)
| | - Takeshi Yamamoto
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (T.Y.); (H.O.); (S.F.Z.); (J.L.); (S.H.); (T.Y.)
| | - Makoto Kadowaki
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (T.Y.); (H.O.); (S.F.Z.); (J.L.); (S.H.); (T.Y.)
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14
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Ji C, Sigurdsson EM. Current Status of Clinical Trials on Tau Immunotherapies. Drugs 2021; 81:1135-1152. [PMID: 34101156 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-021-01546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tau immunotherapies have advanced from proof-of-concept studies to over a dozen clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies. Mechanistic studies in animal and culture models have provided valuable insight into how these therapies may work but multiple pathways are likely involved. Different groups have emphasized the importance of intracellular vs extracellular antibody-mediated clearance of the tau protein and there is no consensus on which pool of tau should ideally be targeted. Likewise, various normal and disease-selective epitopes are being targeted, and the antibody isotypes either favor phagocytosis of the tau-antibody complex or are neutral in that aspect. Most of the clinical trials are in early stages, thus their efficacy is not yet known, but all have been without any major adverse effects and some have reported target engagement. A few have been discontinued. One in phase I, presumably because of a poor pharmacokinetic profile, and three in phase II for a lack of efficacy although this trial stage is not well powered for efficacy measures. In these phase II studies, trials with two antibodies in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy or other primary tauopathies were halted but are continuing in patients with AD, and one antibody trial was stopped in early-stage AD but is continuing in moderate AD. These three antibodies have been reported to only work extracellularly and tau is not increased in the cerebrospinal fluid of primary tauopathies, which may explain the failures of two of them. In the discontinued AD trial, there are some concerns about how much of extracellular tau contains the N-terminal epitope that is being targeted. In addition, extracellular tau is only a small part of total tau, compared to intracellular tau. Targeting only the former may not be sufficient for functional benefits. Given these outcomes, decision makers within the pharmaceutical companies who green light these trials should attempt to target tau not only extracellularly but also intracellularly to increase their chances of success. Hopefully, some of the ongoing trials will provide some functional benefits to the large number of patients with tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyi Ji
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Science Building, 11th floor, 435 East 30th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Einar M Sigurdsson
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Science Building, 11th floor, 435 East 30th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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15
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Lacagnina MJ, Heijnen CJ, Watkins LR, Grace PM. Autoimmune regulation of chronic pain. Pain Rep 2021; 6:e905. [PMID: 33981931 PMCID: PMC8108590 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is an unpleasant and debilitating condition that is often poorly managed by existing therapeutics. Reciprocal interactions between the nervous system and the immune system have been recognized as playing an essential role in the initiation and maintenance of pain. In this review, we discuss how neuroimmune signaling can contribute to peripheral and central sensitization and promote chronic pain through various autoimmune mechanisms. These pathogenic autoimmune mechanisms involve the production and release of autoreactive antibodies from B cells. Autoantibodies-ie, antibodies that recognize self-antigens-have been identified as potential molecules that can modulate the function of nociceptive neurons and thereby induce persistent pain. Autoantibodies can influence neuronal excitability by activating the complement pathway; by directly signaling at sensory neurons expressing Fc gamma receptors, the receptors for the Fc fragment of immunoglobulin G immune complexes; or by binding and disrupting ion channels expressed by nociceptors. Using examples primarily from rheumatoid arthritis, complex regional pain syndrome, and channelopathies from potassium channel complex autoimmunity, we suggest that autoantibody signaling at the central nervous system has therapeutic implications for designing novel disease-modifying treatments for chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Lacagnina
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cobi J. Heijnen
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Linda R. Watkins
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Peter M. Grace
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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16
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Goodwin MS, Sinyavskaya O, Burg F, O'Neal V, Ceballos-Diaz C, Cruz PE, Lewis J, Giasson BI, Davies P, Golde TE, Levites Y. Anti-tau scFvs Targeted to the Cytoplasm or Secretory Pathway Variably Modify Pathology and Neurodegenerative Phenotypes. Mol Ther 2021; 29:859-872. [PMID: 33128896 PMCID: PMC7854277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies designed to treat neurodegenerative tauopathies that primarily engage extracellular tau may have limited efficacy as tau is primarily intracellular. We generated tau-targeting single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) and intrabodies (iBs) from the phosphorylated tau-specific antibodies CP13 and PHF1 and the pan-tau antibody Tau5. Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) was utilized to express these antibody fragments in homozygous JNPL3 P301L tau mice. Two iBs (CP13i, PHF1i) and one scFv (PHF1s) abrogated tau pathology and delayed time to severe hindlimb paralysis. In a second tauopathy model (rTg4510), CP13i and PHF1i reduced tau pathology, but cognate scFvs did not. These data demonstrate that (1) disease-modifying efficacy does not require antibody effector functions, (2) the intracellular targeting of tau with phosphorylated tau-specific iBs is more effective than extracellular targeting with the scFvs, and (3) robust effects on tau pathology before neurodegeneration only resulted in modest disease modification as assessed by delay of severe motor phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall S Goodwin
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Olga Sinyavskaya
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Franklin Burg
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Veronica O'Neal
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Carolina Ceballos-Diaz
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Pedro E Cruz
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jada Lewis
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Benoit I Giasson
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Peter Davies
- Litwin-Zucker Center for Research in Alzheimer's Disease, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore/LIJ Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Todd E Golde
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Yona Levites
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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17
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Crosson T, Wang JC, Doyle B, Merrison H, Balood M, Parrin A, Pascal M, Mindt BC, Seehus CR, Ozcan A, Huang X, Semenara E, Lai NYY, Majdoubi A, Abdulnour REE, Rajchgot T, Rafei M, Foster SL, Thibodeau J, Fritz JH, Levy BD, Woolf CJ, Talbot S. FcεR1-expressing nociceptors trigger allergic airway inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:2330-2342. [PMID: 33453289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.12.644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung nociceptor neurons amplify immune cell activity and mucus metaplasia in response to an inhaled allergen challenge in sensitized mice. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify the cellular mechanisms by which these sensory neurons are activated subsequent to allergen exposure. METHODS We used calcium microscopy and electrophysiologic recording to assess whether vagal neurons directly respond to the model allergen ovalbumin (OVA). Next, we generated the first nociceptor-specific FcεR1γ knockdown (TRPV1Cre::FcεR1γfl/fl) mice to assess whether this targeted invalidation would affect the severity of allergic inflammation in response to allergen challenges. RESULTS Lung-innervating jugular nodose complex ganglion neurons express the high-affinity IgE receptor FcεR1, the levels of which increase in OVA-sensitized mice. FcεR1γ-expressing vagal nociceptor neurons respond directly to OVA complexed with IgE with depolarization, action potential firing, calcium influx, and neuropeptide release. Activation of vagal neurons by IgE-allergen immune complexes, through the release of substance P from their peripheral terminals, directly amplifies TH2 cell influx and polarization in the airways. Allergic airway inflammation is decreased in TRPV1Cre::FcεR1γfl/fl mice and in FcεR1α-/- mice into which bone marrow has been transplanted. Finally, increased in vivo circulating levels of IgE following allergen sensitization enhances the responsiveness of FcεR1 to immune complexes in both mouse jugular nodose complex ganglion neurons and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived nociceptors. CONCLUSIONS Allergen sensitization triggers a feedforward inflammatory loop between IgE-producing plasma cells, FcεR1-expressing vagal sensory neurons, and TH2 cells, which helps to both initiate and amplify allergic airway inflammation. These data highlight a novel target for reducing allergy, namely, FcεR1γ expressed by nociceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Crosson
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jo-Chiao Wang
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benjamin Doyle
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Mass; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Hannah Merrison
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Mass; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Mohammad Balood
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Parrin
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Mass; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Maud Pascal
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Mass; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Barbara C Mindt
- McGill University Research Center on Complex Traits, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Corey R Seehus
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Mass; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Alp Ozcan
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Mass; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Xuan Huang
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Mass; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Elise Semenara
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicole Y Y Lai
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Mass; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Abdelilah Majdoubi
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Raja-Elie E Abdulnour
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Trevor Rajchgot
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Moutih Rafei
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simmie L Foster
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Mass; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Jacques Thibodeau
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jörg H Fritz
- McGill University Research Center on Complex Traits, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Clifford J Woolf
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Mass; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
| | - Sebastien Talbot
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
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18
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García-Carrasco M, Macias-Díaz S, Mendoza-Pinto C, Munguía-Realpozo P, Etchegaray-Morales I, Gálvez-Romero JL, Peña-Pérez JC, Berra-Romani R, Montiel-Jarquín Á, Méndez-Martínez S. The role of IgE in systemic lupus erythematosus. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 20:102704. [PMID: 33188915 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario García-Carrasco
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit CIBIOR, Hospital de Especialidades, UMAE, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico; Rheumatology Department, School of Medicine, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Salvador Macias-Díaz
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital General de Zona N°1, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Claudia Mendoza-Pinto
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit CIBIOR, Hospital de Especialidades, UMAE, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico; Rheumatology Department, School of Medicine, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
| | - Pamela Munguía-Realpozo
- Rheumatology Department, School of Medicine, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Ivet Etchegaray-Morales
- Rheumatology Department, School of Medicine, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - José Luis Gálvez-Romero
- Clinical Research Department, Regional Hospital, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Puebla, Mexico
| | - José Carmelo Peña-Pérez
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit CIBIOR, Hospital de Especialidades, UMAE, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Roberto Berra-Romani
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
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19
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Sandusky-Beltran LA, Sigurdsson EM. Tau immunotherapies: Lessons learned, current status and future considerations. Neuropharmacology 2020; 175:108104. [PMID: 32360477 PMCID: PMC7492435 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The majority of clinical trials targeting the tau protein in Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies are tau immunotherapies. Because tau pathology correlates better with the degree of dementia than amyloid-β lesions, targeting tau is likely to be more effective in improving cognition than clearing amyloid-β in Alzheimer's disease. However, the development of tau therapies is in many ways more complex than for amyloid-β therapies as briefly outlined in this review. Most of the trials are on humanized antibodies, which may have very different properties than the original mouse antibodies. The impact of these differences are to a large extent unknown, can be difficult to decipher, and may not always be properly considered. Furthermore, the ideal antibody properties for efficacy are not well established and can depend on several factors. However, considering the varied approaches in clinical trials, there is a general optimism that at least some of these trials may provide functional benefits to patients suffering of various tauopathies. This article is part of the special issue entitled 'The Quest for Disease-Modifying Therapies for Neurodegenerative Disorders'.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Sandusky-Beltran
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA; Department of Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - E M Sigurdsson
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA; Department of Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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20
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Pellefigues C. IgE Autoreactivity in Atopic Dermatitis: Paving the Road for Autoimmune Diseases? Antibodies (Basel) 2020; 9:E47. [PMID: 32911788 PMCID: PMC7551081 DOI: 10.3390/antib9030047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin disease affecting 20% of the population beginning usually before one year of age. It is associated with the emergence of allergen-specific IgE, but also with autoreactive IgE, whose function remain elusive. This review discusses current knowledge relevant to the mechanisms, which leads to the secretion of autoreactive IgE and to the potential function of these antibodies in AD. Multiple autoantigens have been described to elicit an IgE-dependent response in this context. This IgE autoimmunity starts in infancy and is associated with disease severity. Furthermore, the overall prevalence of autoreactive IgE to multiple auto-antigens is high in AD patients. IgE-antigen complexes can promote a facilitated antigen presentation, a skewing of the adaptive response toward type 2 immunity, and a chronic skin barrier dysfunction and inflammation in patients or AD models. In AD, skin barrier defects and the atopic immune environment facilitate allergen sensitization and the development of other IgE-mediated allergic diseases in a process called the atopic march. AD is also associated epidemiologically with several autoimmune diseases showing autoreactive IgE secretion. Thus, a potential outcome of IgE autoreactivity in AD could be the development of further autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Pellefigues
- INSERM UMRS1149-CNRS ERL8252, Team «Basophils and Mast cells in Immunopathology», Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation (CRI), Inflamex, DHU Fire, Université de Paris, 75018 Paris, France
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21
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Almami IS, Aldubayan MA, Felemban SG, Alyamani N, Howden R, Robinson AJ, Pearson TDZ, Boocock D, Algarni AS, Garner AC, Griffin M, Bonner PLR, Hargreaves AJ. Neurite outgrowth inhibitory levels of organophosphates induce tissue transglutaminase activity in differentiating N2a cells: evidence for covalent adduct formation. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:3861-3875. [PMID: 32749514 PMCID: PMC7603472 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02852-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate compounds (OPs) induce both acute and delayed neurotoxic effects, the latter of which is believed to involve their interaction with proteins other than acetylcholinesterase. However, few OP-binding proteins have been identified that may have a direct role in OP-induced delayed neurotoxicity. Given their ability to disrupt Ca2+ homeostasis, a key aim of the current work was to investigate the effects of sub-lethal neurite outgrowth inhibitory levels of OPs on the Ca2+-dependent enzyme tissue transglutaminase (TG2). At 1-10 µM, the OPs phenyl saligenin phosphate (PSP) and chlorpyrifos oxon (CPO) had no effect cell viability but induced concentration-dependent decreases in neurite outgrowth in differentiating N2a neuroblastoma cells. The activity of TG2 increased in cell lysates of differentiating cells exposed for 24 h to PSP and chlorpyrifos oxon CPO (10 µM), as determined by biotin-cadaverine incorporation assays. Exposure to both OPs (3 and/or 10 µM) also enhanced in situ incorporation of the membrane permeable substrate biotin-X-cadaverine, as indicated by Western blot analysis of treated cell lysates probed with ExtrAvidin peroxidase and fluorescence microscopy of cell monolayers incubated with FITC-streptavidin. Both OPs (10 µM) stimulated the activity of human and mouse recombinant TG2 and covalent labelling of TG2 with dansylamine-labelled PSP was demonstrated by fluorescence imaging following SDS-PAGE. A number of TG2 substrates were tentatively identified by mass spectrometry, including cytoskeletal proteins, chaperones and proteins involved protein synthesis and gene regulation. We propose that the elevated TG2 activity observed is due to the formation of a novel covalent adduct between TG2 and OPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibtesam S Almami
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.,Department of Biology, College of Science, Qassim University, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha A Aldubayan
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shatha G Felemban
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Fakeeh College for Medical Science, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najiah Alyamani
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Richard Howden
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Alexander J Robinson
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Birmingham City University, City South Campus, Edgbaston, B15 3TN, UK
| | - Tom D Z Pearson
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - David Boocock
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Alanood S Algarni
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Mekkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Christopher Garner
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Martin Griffin
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Philip L R Bonner
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Alan J Hargreaves
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.
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22
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Abstract
Recent studies have clarified the interaction between nervous systems and immunity regarding the manner in which local inflammation is regulated and systemic homeostasis is maintained. The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) is a neuroimmune pathway activated by vagus nerve stimulation. Following afferent vagus nerve stimulation, signals are transmitted to immune cells in the spleen, including β2-adrenergic receptor-positive CD4-positive T cells and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-expressing macrophages. These immune cells release the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and acetylcholine, inducing a series of reactions that reduce proinflammatory cytokines, relieving inflammation. CAP contributes to various inflammatory diseases such as endotoxemia, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Moreover, emerging studies have revealed that vagus nerve stimulation ameliorates kidney damage in an animal model of acute kidney injury. These studies suggest that the link between the nervous system and kidneys is associated with the pathophysiology of kidney injury. Here, we review the current knowledge of the neuroimmune circuit and kidney disease, as well as potential for therapeutic strategies based on this knowledge for treating kidney disease in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuna Nakamura
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Inoue
- Division of CKD Pathophysiology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Pierzynowska K, Woliński J, Weström B, Pierzynowski SG. Maternal Immunoglobulins in Infants-Are They More Than Just a Form of Passive Immunity? Front Immunol 2020; 11:855. [PMID: 32508816 PMCID: PMC7248395 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present review, we highlight the possible “extra-immunological” effects of maternal immunoglobulins (Ig) transferred to the blood circulation of offspring, either via the placenta before birth or via the colostrum/milk across the gut after birth in different mammalian species. Using the newborn pig as a model, since they are naturally born agammaglobulinemic, intravenously (i.v.) infused purified serum Ig rapidly improved the vitality, suckling behavior, and ensured the survival of both preterm and term piglets. In further studies, we found that proper brain development requires i.v. Ig supplementation. Studies have reported on the positive effects of i.v. Ig treatment in children with epilepsy. Moreover, feeding newborn pigs an elementary diet supplemented with Ig improved the gut structure, and recently a positive impact of enteral or parenteral Ig supplementation on the absorption of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was observed in the newborn pig. Summarized, our own results and those found in the literature, indicate the existence of important extra-immune effects of maternal Ig, in addition to the classical protective effects of transferred maternal passive immunity, including effects on the development of the brain, gut, and possibly other organ systems in the neonate. These additional properties of circulating Ig could have an impact on care guidelines for human neonates, especially those born prematurely with low plasma Ig levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Pierzynowska
- Department of Animal Physiology, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jabłonna, Poland.,Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,SGP + GROUP, Trelleborg, Sweden
| | - Jarosław Woliński
- Department of Animal Physiology, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Björn Weström
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan G Pierzynowski
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,SGP + GROUP, Trelleborg, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
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24
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Merlo S, Spampinato SF, Caruso GI, Sortino MA. The Ambiguous Role of Microglia in Aβ Toxicity: Chances for Therapeutic Intervention. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:446-455. [PMID: 32003695 PMCID: PMC7457435 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200131105418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) has long been shown to be critical in Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology. Microglia contributes to the earliest responses to Aβ buildup, by direct interaction through multiple receptors. Microglial cells operate Aβ clearance and trigger inflammatory/regenerative processes that take place in the long years of silent disease progression that precede symptomatic appearance. But in time and with aging, the fine balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory activity of microglia deranges, negatively impacting its Aβ-clearing ability. Furthermore, in recent years, microglial activation has proven to be much more complex than the mere dichotomic pro/antiinflammatory polarization previously accepted. Microglia can display a wide spectrum of phenotypes, which can even be mixed. On these bases, it is evident that while pharmacological intervention aiding microglia to prolong its ability to cope with Aβ buildup could be extremely relevant, its feasibility is hampered by such high complexity, which still needs to be completely understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Merlo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology; University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Simona Federica Spampinato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology; University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Grazia Ilaria Caruso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology; University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Sortino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology; University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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25
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The activation of immunoglobulin G Fc receptors (FcγRs) with immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) promotes cognitive impairment in aged rats with diabetes. Exp Gerontol 2019; 125:110660. [PMID: 31319129 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Although immunoglobulin G Fc receptors with immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAM-FcγRs) have been implicated in the mediation of inflammatory responses, the importance of these receptors in the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment in geriatric diabetes remains unclear. The present study investigated the potential role of ITAM-FcγRs in cognitive impairment in geriatric diabetes. METHODS Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in aged Wistar rats, and cognitive function and cerebral injury were assessed 8 weeks later using the Morris water maze (MWM), real-time PCR and Western blot. In vitro, the inhibition of ITAM-FcγRs was investigated using rat chromaffin cells cultured with high glucose. RESULTS Aged rats with diabetes exhibited marked and persistent learning and memory impairments. Enhanced cerebral inflammation in the diabetic aged rats was associated with the overactivation of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway and the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor nuclear factor-α (TNF-α)) in the hippocampus. Compared to no treatment, the knockdown of FcγRIV (the main isoform of ITAM-FcγRs) markedly attenuated cognitive impairment as well as histologic and ultrastructural pathologic changes in the diabetic rats. The increased expression of inflammatory cytokines and the overactivation of the NF-κB signaling pathway were also significantly alleviated. In vitro, high glucose concentrations significantly activated the NF-κB signaling pathway and increased the expression of inflammatory cytokines. The inhibition of FcγR expression by a small interfering RNA and/or a FcγRI- and FcγRIII-neutralizing antibody significantly ameliorated the effects mediated by high glucose. CONCLUSION The enhanced activation of the NF-κB signalling pathway may be the mechanism by which ITAM-FcγRs promote cerebral inflammation and cognitive impairment in diabetes. ITAM-FcγRs may be viewed as a potential target for preventative intervention for cognitive impairment in older adults with diabetes.
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26
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Crosson T, Roversi K, Balood M, Othman R, Ahmadi M, Wang JC, Seadi Pereira PJ, Tabatabaei M, Couture R, Eichwald T, Latini A, Prediger RD, Rangachari M, Seehus CR, Foster SL, Talbot S. Profiling of how nociceptor neurons detect danger - new and old foes. J Intern Med 2019; 286:268-289. [PMID: 31282104 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The host evolves redundant mechanisms to preserve physiological processing and homeostasis. These functions range from sensing internal and external threats, creating a memory of the insult and generating reflexes, which aim to resolve inflammation. Impairment in such functioning leads to chronic inflammatory diseases. By interacting through a common language of ligands and receptors, the immune and sensory nervous systems work in concert to accomplish such protective functions. Whilst this bidirectional communication helps to protect from danger, it can contribute to disease pathophysiology. Thus, the somatosensory nervous system is anatomically positioned within primary and secondary lymphoid tissues and mucosa to modulate immunity directly. Upstream of this interplay, neurons detect danger, which prompts the release of neuropeptides initiating (i) defensive reflexes (ranging from withdrawal response to coughing) and (ii) chemotaxis, adhesion and local infiltration of immune cells. The resulting outcome of such neuro-immune interplay is still ill-defined, but consensual findings start to emerge and support neuropeptides not only as blockers of TH 1-mediated immunity but also as drivers of TH 2 immune responses. However, the modalities detected by nociceptors revealed broader than mechanical pressure and temperature sensing and include signals as various as cytokines and pathogens to immunoglobulins and even microRNAs. Along these lines, we aggregated various dorsal root ganglion sensory neuron expression profiling datasets supporting such wide-ranging sensing capabilities to help identifying new danger detection modalities of these cells. Thus, revealing unexpected aspects of nociceptor neuron biology might prompt the identification of novel drivers of immunity, means to resolve inflammation and strategies to safeguard homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Crosson
- From the, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - K Roversi
- From the, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Departamento de Farmacologia Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - M Balood
- From the, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - R Othman
- From the, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - M Ahmadi
- From the, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - J-C Wang
- From the, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - M Tabatabaei
- From the, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - R Couture
- From the, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - T Eichwald
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - A Latini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - R D Prediger
- Departamento de Farmacologia Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - M Rangachari
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - C R Seehus
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S L Foster
- Depression Clinical Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Talbot
- From the, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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27
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Brilland B, Scherlinger M, Khoryati L, Goret J, Duffau P, Lazaro E, Charrier M, Guillotin V, Richez C, Blanco P. Platelets and IgE: Shaping the Innate Immune Response in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2019; 58:194-212. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-019-08744-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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28
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Inoue T, Tanaka S, Rosin DL, Okusa MD. Bioelectronic Approaches to Control Neuroimmune Interactions in Acute Kidney Injury. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2019; 9:a034231. [PMID: 30126836 PMCID: PMC6546041 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown renal protective effects of bioelectric approaches, including ultrasound treatment, electrical vagus nerve stimulation, and optogenetic brainstem C1 neuron stimulation. The renal protection acquired by all three modalities was lost in splenectomized mice and/or α7 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-deficient mice. C1 neuron-mediated renal protection was blocked by β2-adrenergic receptor antagonist. These findings indicate that all three methods commonly, at least partially, activate the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, a well-studied neuroimmune pathway. In this article, we summarize the current understanding of neuroimmune axis-mediated kidney protection in preclinical models of acute kidney injury by these three modalities. Examination of the differences among these three modalities might lead to a further elucidation of the neuroimmune axis involved in renal protection and is of interest for developing new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Inoue
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Diane L Rosin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia Health System Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Mark D Okusa
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
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29
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Méndez-Enríquez E, Hallgren J. Mast Cells and Their Progenitors in Allergic Asthma. Front Immunol 2019; 10:821. [PMID: 31191511 PMCID: PMC6548814 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells and their mediators have been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma and allergy for decades. Allergic asthma is a complex chronic lung disease in which several different immune cells, genetic factors and environmental exposures influence the pathology. Mast cells are key players in the asthmatic response through secretion of a multitude of mediators with pro-inflammatory and airway-constrictive effects. Well-known mast cell mediators, such as histamine and bioactive lipids are responsible for many of the physiological effects observed in the acute phase of allergic reactions. The accumulation of mast cells at particular sites of the allergic lung is likely relevant to the asthma phenotype, severity and progression. Mast cells located in different compartments in the lung and airways have different characteristics and express different mediators. According to in vivo experiments in mice, lung mast cells develop from mast cell progenitors induced by inflammatory stimuli to migrate to the airways. Human mast cell progenitors have been identified in the blood circulation. A high frequency of circulating human mast cell progenitors may reflect ongoing pathological changes in the allergic lung. In allergic asthma, mast cells become activated mainly via IgE-mediated crosslinking of the high affinity receptor for IgE (FcεRI) with allergens. However, mast cells can also be activated by numerous other stimuli e.g. toll-like receptors and MAS-related G protein-coupled receptor X2. In this review, we summarize research with implications on the role and development of mast cells and their progenitors in allergic asthma and cover selected activation pathways and mast cell mediators that have been implicated in the pathogenesis. The review places an emphasis on describing mechanisms identified using in vivo mouse models and data obtained by analysis of clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Méndez-Enríquez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jenny Hallgren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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30
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Vitaliti G, Pavone P, Marino S, Saporito MAN, Corsello G, Falsaperla R. Molecular Mechanism Involved in the Pathogenesis of Early-Onset Epileptic Encephalopathy. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:118. [PMID: 31156384 PMCID: PMC6529508 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that neurologic inflammation may both precipitate and sustain seizures, suggesting that inflammation may be involved not only in epileptogenesis but also in determining the drug-resistant profile. Extensive literature data during these last years have identified a number of inflammatory markers involved in these processes of “neuroimmunoinflammation” in epilepsy, with key roles for pro-inflammatory cytokines such as: IL-6, IL-17 and IL-17 Receptor (IL-17R) axis, Tumor-Necrosis-Factor Alpha (TNF-α) and Transforming-Growth-Factor Beta (TGF-β), all responsible for the induction of processes of blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and inflammation of the Central Nervous System (CNS) itself. Nevertheless, many of these inflammatory biomarkers have also been implicated in the pathophysiologic process of other neurological diseases. Future studies will be needed to identify the disease-specific biomarkers in order to distinguish epilepsies from other neurological diseases, as well as recognize different epileptic semiology. In this context, biological markers of BBB disruption, as well as those reflecting its integrity, can be useful tools to determine the pathological process of a variety of neurological diseases. However; how these molecules may help in the diagnosis and prognostication of epileptic disorders remains yet to be determined. Herein, authors present an extensive literature review on the involvement of both, systemic and neuronal immune systems, in the early onset of epileptic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Vitaliti
- Unit of Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergency, University Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Catania, Italy
| | - Piero Pavone
- Unit of Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergency, University Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Catania, Italy
| | - Silvia Marino
- Unit of Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergency, University Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Andrea Nicola Saporito
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Santo Bambino Hospital of Catania, Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele University Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corsello
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Raffaele Falsaperla
- Unit of Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergency, University Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Catania, Italy
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31
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Congdon EE, Chukwu JE, Shamir DB, Deng J, Ujla D, Sait HBR, Neubert TA, Kong XP, Sigurdsson EM. Tau antibody chimerization alters its charge and binding, thereby reducing its cellular uptake and efficacy. EBioMedicine 2019; 42:157-173. [PMID: 30910484 PMCID: PMC6492224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bringing antibodies from pre-clinical studies to human trials requires humanization, but this process may alter properties that are crucial for efficacy. Since pathological tau protein is primarily intraneuronal in Alzheimer's disease, the most efficacious antibodies should work both intra- and extracellularly. Thus, changes which impact uptake or antibody binding will affect antibody efficacy. Methods Initially, we examined four tau mouse monoclonal antibodies with naturally differing charges. We quantified their neuronal uptake, and efficacy in preventing toxicity and pathological seeding induced by human-derived pathological tau. Later, we generated a human chimeric 4E6 (h4E6), an antibody with well documented efficacy in multiple tauopathy models. We compared the uptake and efficacy of unmodified and chimeric antibodies in neuronal and differentiated neuroblastoma cultures. Further, we analyzed tau binding using ELISA assays. Findings Neuronal uptake of tau antibodies and their efficacy strongly depends on antibody charge. Additionally, their ability to prevent tau toxicity and seeding of tau pathology does not necessarily go together. Particularly, chimerization of 4E6 increased its charge from 6.5 to 9.6, which blocked its uptake into human and mouse cells. Furthermore, h4E6 had altered binding characteristics despite intact binding sites, compared to the mouse antibody. Importantly, these changes in uptake and binding substantially decreased its efficacy in preventing tau toxicity, although under certain conditions it did prevent pathological seeding of tau. Conclusions These results indicate that efficacy of chimeric/humanized tau antibodies should be thoroughly characterized prior to clinical trials, which may require further engineering to maintain or improve their therapeutic potential. Fund National Institutes of Health (NS077239, AG032611, R24OD18340, R24OD018339 and RR027990, Alzheimer's Association (2016-NIRG-397228) and Blas Frangione Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Congdon
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, and The Neuroscience Institute, 435 E 30th St. SB1123, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
| | - Jessica E Chukwu
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, 550 First Ave, MSB 398, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
| | - Dov B Shamir
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, and The Neuroscience Institute, 435 E 30th St. SB1123, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
| | - Jingjing Deng
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, 540 First Avenue, Skirball Institute Lab 5-18, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
| | - Devyani Ujla
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, and The Neuroscience Institute, 435 E 30th St. SB1123, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
| | - Hameetha B R Sait
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, and The Neuroscience Institute, 435 E 30th St. SB1123, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
| | - Thomas A Neubert
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, 540 First Avenue, Skirball Institute Lab 5-18, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
| | - Xiang-Peng Kong
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, 550 First Ave, MSB 398, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
| | - Einar M Sigurdsson
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, and The Neuroscience Institute, 435 E 30th St. SB1123, New York, NY 10016, United States of America; New York University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 435 E 30th St. Science Building SB1115, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.
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32
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Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Pathologically, AD is characterized by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, with associated loss of synapses and neurons, resulting in cognitive deficits and eventually dementia. Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and tau protein are the primary components of the plaques and tangles, respectively. In the decades since Aβ and tau were identified, development of therapies for AD has primarily focused on Aβ, but tau has received more attention in recent years, in part because of the failure of various Aβ-targeting treatments in clinical trials. In this article, we review the current status of tau-targeting therapies for AD. Initially, potential anti-tau therapies were based mainly on inhibition of kinases or tau aggregation, or on stabilization of microtubules, but most of these approaches have been discontinued because of toxicity and/or lack of efficacy. Currently, the majority of tau-targeting therapies in clinical trials are immunotherapies, which have shown promise in numerous preclinical studies. Given that tau pathology correlates better with cognitive impairments than do Aβ lesions, targeting of tau is expected to be more effective than Aβ clearance once the clinical symptoms are evident. With future improvements in diagnostics, these two hallmarks of the disease might be targeted prophylactically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Congdon
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Einar M Sigurdsson
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Delgado-Vélez M, Lasalde-Dominicci JA. The Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Response and the Role of Macrophages in HIV-Induced Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051473. [PMID: 29772664 PMCID: PMC5983673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are phagocytic immune cells that protect the body from foreign invaders and actively support the immune response by releasing anti- and proinflammatory cytokines. A seminal finding revolutionized the way macrophages are seen. The expression of the neuronal alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) in macrophages led to the establishment of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory response (CAR) in which the activation of this receptor inactivates macrophage production of proinflammatory cytokines. This novel neuroimmune response soon began to emerge as a potential target to counteract inflammation during illness and infection states. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals suffer from chronic inflammation that persists even under antiretroviral therapy. Despite the CAR’s importance, few studies involving macrophages have been performed in the HIV field. Evidence demonstrates that monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) recovered from HIV-infected individuals are upregulated for α7-nAChR. Moreover, in vitro studies demonstrate that addition of an HIV viral constituent, gp120IIIB, to uninfected MDMs also upregulates the α7-nAChR. Importantly, contrary to what was expected, activation of upregulated α7-nAChRs in macrophages does not reduce inflammation, suggesting a CAR disruption. Although it is reasonable to consider this receptor as a pharmacological target, additional studies are necessary since its activity seems to differ from that observed in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Delgado-Vélez
- Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan 00926, Puerto Rico.
| | - José A Lasalde-Dominicci
- Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan 00926, Puerto Rico.
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan 00931, Puerto Rico.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan 00931, Puerto Rico.
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Gunasekaran M, Chatterjee PK, Shih A, Imperato GH, Addorisio M, Kumar G, Lee A, Graf JF, Meyer D, Marino M, Puleo C, Ashe J, Cox MA, Mak TW, Bouton C, Sherry B, Diamond B, Andersson U, Coleman TR, Metz CN, Tracey KJ, Chavan SS. Immunization Elicits Antigen-Specific Antibody Sequestration in Dorsal Root Ganglia Sensory Neurons. Front Immunol 2018; 9:638. [PMID: 29755449 PMCID: PMC5932385 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune and nervous systems are two major organ systems responsible for host defense and memory. Both systems achieve memory and learning that can be retained, retrieved, and utilized for decades. Here, we report the surprising discovery that peripheral sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) of immunized mice contain antigen-specific antibodies. Using a combination of rigorous molecular genetic analyses, transgenic mice, and adoptive transfer experiments, we demonstrate that DRGs do not synthesize these antigen-specific antibodies, but rather sequester primarily IgG1 subtype antibodies. As revealed by RNA-seq and targeted quantitative PCR (qPCR), dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons harvested from either naïve or immunized mice lack enzymes (i.e., RAG1, RAG2, AID, or UNG) required for generating antibody diversity and, therefore, cannot make antibodies. Additionally, transgenic mice that express a reporter fluorescent protein under the control of Igγ1 constant region fail to express Ighg1 transcripts in DRG sensory neurons. Furthermore, neural sequestration of antibodies occurs in mice rendered deficient in neuronal Rag2, but antibody sequestration is not observed in DRG sensory neurons isolated from mice that lack mature B cells [e.g., Rag1 knock out (KO) or μMT mice]. Finally, adoptive transfer of Rag1-deficient bone marrow (BM) into wild-type (WT) mice or WT BM into Rag1 KO mice revealed that antibody sequestration was observed in DRG sensory neurons of chimeric mice with WT BM but not with Rag1-deficient BM. Together, these results indicate that DRG sensory neurons sequester and retain antigen-specific antibodies released by antibody-secreting plasma cells. Coupling this work with previous studies implicating DRG sensory neurons in regulating antigen trafficking during immunization raises the interesting possibility that the nervous system collaborates with the immune system to regulate antigen-mediated responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manojkumar Gunasekaran
- Center for Biomedical Science, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Prodyot K. Chatterjee
- Center for Biomedical Science, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Andrew Shih
- Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Gavin H. Imperato
- Center for Biomedical Science, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Elmezzi Graduate School, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Meghan Addorisio
- Center for Biomedical Science, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Gopal Kumar
- Center for Biomedical Science, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Elmezzi Graduate School, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Annette Lee
- Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Elmezzi Graduate School, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - John F. Graf
- GE Global Research Center, Niskayuna, NY, United States
| | - Dan Meyer
- GE Global Research Center, Niskayuna, NY, United States
| | | | | | - Jeffrey Ashe
- GE Global Research Center, Niskayuna, NY, United States
| | - Maureen A. Cox
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tak W. Mak
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chad Bouton
- Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Barbara Sherry
- Elmezzi Graduate School, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Betty Diamond
- Elmezzi Graduate School, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
- Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Ulf Andersson
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Thomas R. Coleman
- Center for Molecular Innovation, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Christine N. Metz
- Center for Biomedical Science, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Elmezzi Graduate School, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Kevin J. Tracey
- Center for Biomedical Science, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Elmezzi Graduate School, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
- Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Sangeeta S. Chavan
- Center for Biomedical Science, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Elmezzi Graduate School, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
- Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
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Chong KW, Ling S, Loh W. An unusual case of infant seizures with anaphylaxis to wheat. Asia Pac Allergy 2018; 8:e13. [PMID: 29732289 PMCID: PMC5931920 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2018.8.e13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat allergy is one of the commonest food allergies in childhood and it typically presents with IgE mediated reactions, including anaphylaxis. Seizures are not typically reported to be a direct manifestation of anaphylaxis, though it can occur secondary to hypoxia following significant haemodynamic compromise. We describe a case of a previously well infant, who presented with anaphylactic shock to wheat and responded well to the initial management, but subsequently developed a cluster of brief generalised tonic clonic seizures without any ongoing haemodynamic instability. The tryptase level that was performed at 4-5 hours post reaction was raised at 49.1 µg/L. Skin prick test to wheat, wheat specific IgE, the omega-5 gliadin IgE were positive. Extensive work-up was performed to look for an underlying cause of seizures and all returned negative. To our knowledge, this is the first case report describing an unusual presentation of multiple seizures in a young infant, in association with an anaphylactic episode. In the absence of any other seizure provoking factor and underlying cause, we believe the association is more likely causative than coincidental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok Wee Chong
- Allergy Service, Department of Paediatric Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899
| | - Simon Ling
- Neurology Service, Department of Paediatric Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899
| | - Wenyin Loh
- Allergy Service, Department of Paediatric Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899
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Augusto JF, Truchetet ME, Charles N, Blanco P, Richez C. IgE in lupus pathogenesis: Friends or foes? Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17:361-365. [PMID: 29425937 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease involving multiple immunological pathways. Recently, several studies have suggested an implication of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) in the pathophysiology of SLE. In the Lyn-/- and FcγIIB-/-.Yaa lupus mouse models, autoreactive IgE activate basophils, and promote a Th2 environment with, subsequently, production of autoantibodies by plasma cells. Autoreactive IgE has been also shown to play a role in the activation of human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), in synergy with IgG, which results in an increase of interferon-alpha (IFN-α) production. In contrast, a protective effect of total non-autoreactive IgE has also been suggested, through a decreased ability of FcεRI-triggered pDCs to secrete IFN-α. This review summarizes in a comprehensive manner the emerging recent literature in the field, and propose new concepts to reconcile the observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Augusto
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, LabEx IGO, 49000 Angers, France; Service de Néphrologie-Dialyse-Transplantation, CHU Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Marie-Elise Truchetet
- ImmunoConcEpT, CNRS-UMR 5164 and Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, FHU ACRONIM, Place Amélie Raba Léon, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicolas Charles
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM UMR1149, CNRS ERL8252, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine site Bichat, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, DHU FIRE, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Blanco
- ImmunoConcEpT, CNRS-UMR 5164 and Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, FHU ACRONIM, Place Amélie Raba Léon, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Christophe Richez
- ImmunoConcEpT, CNRS-UMR 5164 and Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, FHU ACRONIM, Place Amélie Raba Léon, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
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Okusa MD, Rosin DL, Tracey KJ. Targeting neural reflex circuits in immunity to treat kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2017; 13:669-680. [PMID: 28970585 PMCID: PMC6049817 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2017.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neural pathways regulate immunity and inflammation via the inflammatory reflex and specific molecular targets can be modulated by stimulating neurons. Neuroimmunomodulation by nonpharmacological methods is emerging as a novel therapeutic strategy for inflammatory diseases, including kidney diseases and hypertension. Electrical stimulation of vagus neurons or treatment with pulsed ultrasound activates the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) and protects mice from acute kidney injury (AKI). Direct innervation of the kidney, by afferent and efferent neurons, might have a role in modulating and responding to inflammation in various diseases, either locally or by providing feedback to regions of the central nervous system that are important in the inflammatory reflex pathway. Increased sympathetic drive to the kidney has a role in the pathogenesis of hypertension, and selective modulation of neuroimmune interactions in the kidney could potentially be more effective for lowering blood pressure and treating inflammatory kidney diseases than renal denervation. Use of optogenetic tools for selective stimulation of specific neurons has enabled the identification of neural circuits in the brain that modulate kidney function via activation of the CAP. In this Review we discuss evidence for a role of neural circuits in the control of renal inflammation as well as the therapeutic potential of targeting these circuits in the settings of AKI, kidney fibrosis and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Okusa
- Division of Nephrology, Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, PO Box 800133, 1300 Jefferson Park Avenue - West Complex, 5 th floor, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908-0133, USA
| | - Diane L Rosin
- Department of Pharmacology, PO Box 800735, 1304 Jefferson Park Avenue, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908-0735, USA
| | - Kevin J Tracey
- Center for Biomedical Science and Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, New York 11030, USA
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38
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Inoue T, Tanaka S, Okusa MD. Neuroimmune Interactions in Inflammation and Acute Kidney Injury. Front Immunol 2017; 8:945. [PMID: 28848551 PMCID: PMC5552660 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of a wide variety of disorders including kidney diseases. Recent advances have shown that neural pathways are able to regulate immunity and inflammation. The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) is a well-studied neural circuit involving the vagus nerve that is thought to contribute to the response to inflammatory disorders. Expression of receptors for neurotransmitters is found in some immune cells, including β2 adrenergic receptors on CD4 T cells and alpha 7 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor on macrophages. Once nerves are activated, neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and ACh are released at nerve terminals, and the neurotransmitters can activate immune cells located in close proximity to the nerve terminals. Thus, vagus nerve stimulation induces activation of immune cells, leading to an anti-inflammatory response. Recent studies demonstrate a non-pharmacological organ protective effect of electrical nerve stimulation, pulsed ultrasound treatment, or optogenetic C1 neuron activation. These modalities are thought to activate the CAP and attenuate inflammation. In this review, we will focus on the current understanding of the mechanisms regarding neuroimmune interactions with a particular focus on inflammation associated with kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Inoue
- Division of Nephrology, Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Division of Nephrology, Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Mark D Okusa
- Division of Nephrology, Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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Thom V, Arumugam TV, Magnus T, Gelderblom M. Therapeutic Potential of Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Acute Brain Injury. Front Immunol 2017; 8:875. [PMID: 28824617 PMCID: PMC5534474 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute ischemic and traumatic injury of the central nervous system (CNS) is known to induce a cascade of inflammatory events that lead to secondary tissue damage. In particular, the sterile inflammatory response in stroke has been intensively investigated in the last decade, and numerous experimental studies demonstrated the neuroprotective potential of a targeted modulation of the immune system. Among the investigated immunomodulatory agents, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) stand out due to their beneficial therapeutic potential in experimental stroke as well as several other experimental models of acute brain injuries, which are characterized by a rapidly evolving sterile inflammatory response, e.g., trauma, subarachnoid hemorrhage. IVIg are therapeutic preparations of polyclonal immunoglobulin G, extracted from the plasma of thousands of donors. In clinical practice, IVIg are the treatment of choice for diverse autoimmune diseases and various mechanisms of action have been proposed. Only recently, several experimental studies implicated a therapeutic potential of IVIg even in models of acute CNS injury, and suggested that the immune system as well as neuronal cells can directly be targeted by IVIg. This review gives further insight into the role of secondary inflammation in acute brain injury with an emphasis on stroke and investigates the therapeutic potential of IVIg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Thom
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thiruma V Arumugam
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tim Magnus
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Gelderblom
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Theoharides TC. Neuroendocrinology of mast cells: Challenges and controversies. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:751-759. [PMID: 28094875 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MC) are hemotopoietically derived tissue immune cells that are ubiquitous in the body, including neuroendocrine organs such as the hypothalamus, pineal, pituitary, ovaries, pancreas and uterus where their action is not well understood. Mast cells have historically been associated with allergies because of their rich content of histamine and tryptase, but more recently with regulation of immunity and inflammation due to their synthesis and release of numerous cytokines and chemokines. Mast cells are located perivascularly and express numerous receptors for diverse ligands such as allergens, pathogens, neurotransmitters, neuropeptides and hormones including acetylcholine, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), corticosteroids, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), β-endorphin, epinephrine, 17β-oestradiol, gonadotrophins, hemokinin-A (HKA), leptin, melatonin, neurotensin (NT), parathyroid hormone (PTH), substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Moreover, MC can synthesize and release most of their neurohormonal triggers, including adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH), CRH, endorphins, HKA, leptin, melatonin, NT, SP and VIP. Animal experiments have shown that diencephalic MC increase in number during courting in doves, while stimulation of brain and nasal MC leads to activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Recent evidence indicates that MC reactivity exhibits diurnal variations, and it is interesting that melatonin appears to regulate MC secretion. However, the way MC change their phenotype or secrete specific molecules selectively at different pathophysiological settings still remains unknown. Mast cells developed over 500 million years ago and may have served as the original prototype neuroimmunoendocrine cell and then evolved into a master regulator of such interactions, especially as most of the known diseases involve neuroinflammation that worsens with stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theoharis C Theoharides
- Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Program in Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Neuronal Fc-epsilon receptor I contributes to antigen-evoked pruritus in a murine model of ocular allergy. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 61:165-175. [PMID: 27865948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pruritus is the major symptom of ocular allergy but currently available treatments are often ineffective. Previous studies demonstrated that subpopulations of primary sensory neurons express Fc receptors and may contribute to antigen-specific pain. We investigated the role of neuronal Fc-epsilon Receptor I (FcεRI) in allergic ocular pruritus. Ovalbumin (OVA) was used as allergen together with alum adjuvant (OVA+alum) to produce a mouse model of ocular allergy with a significant elevation in the serum levels of both antigen-specific IgE and IgG. Mice sensitized by OVA without alum only induced elevation of serum IgG but not IgE. Scratching behavior toward the eyes with the hindlimb was used as an indicator of ocular itch. Topical OVA challenging to the eye dose-dependently induced scratching toward the eye in the OVA+alum sensitized mice, but not those sensitized by OVA only. The antigen-induced scratching was largely abolished by topical application of the blocking antibody to FcεRIα, but was only partially alleviated by pretreatment of mast cell stabilizer or histamine I receptor antagonist. The expression of FcεRI was detected in subpopulations of trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons including those expressing pruriceptive markers and innervating the conjunctiva in the naïve mice. Moreover, FcεRI was found significantly upregulated in small-sized TG neurons in the OVA+alum sensitized mice. In acutely dissociated TG neurons, IgE-immune complex (IC), but not the antibody or antigen alone, induced intracellular calcium increase. The neuronal responses to IgE-IC could be specifically blocked by pre-application of a siRNA for FcεRIα. Our results indicate that FcεRI expressed on peripheral nociceptive neurons in the TG may be directly activated by IgE-IC and contribute to allergic ocular pruritus. This study may suggest a novel mechanism for the development of pathological itch in allergic diseases.
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Non-pathogenic tissue-resident CD8 + T cells uniquely accumulate in the brains of lupus-prone mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40838. [PMID: 28098193 PMCID: PMC5241651 DOI: 10.1038/srep40838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe lupus often includes psychiatric and neurological sequelae, although the cellular contributors to CNS disease remain poorly defined. Using intravascular staining to discriminate tissue-localized from blood-borne cells, we find substantial accumulation of CD8+ T cells relative to other lymphocytes in brain tissue, which correlates with lupus disease and limited neuropathology. This is in contrast to all other affected organs, where infiltrating CD4+ cells are predominant. Brain-infiltrating CD8+ T cells represent an activated subset of those found in the periphery, having a resident-memory phenotype (CD69+CD122−PD1+CD44+CD62L−) and expressing adhesion molecules (VLA-4+LFA-1+) complementary to activated brain endothelium. Remarkably, infiltrating CD8+ T cells do not cause tissue damage in lupus-prone mice, as genetic ablation of these cells via β2 m deficiency does not reverse neuropathology, but exacerbates disease both in the brain and globally despite decreased serum IgG levels. Thus, lupus-associated inflammation disrupts the blood-brain barrier in a discriminating way biased in favor of non-pathogenic CD8+ T cells relative to other infiltrating leukocytes, perhaps preventing further tissue damage in such a sensitive organ.
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Hanes WM, Olofsson PS, Talbot S, Tsaava T, Ochani M, Imperato GH, Levine YA, Roth J, Pascal MA, Foster SL, Wang P, Woolf C, Chavan SS, Tracey KJ. Neuronal Circuits Modulate Antigen Flow Through Lymph Nodes. Bioelectron Med 2016; 3:18-28. [PMID: 33145374 DOI: 10.15424/bioelectronmed.2016.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
When pathogens and toxins breech the epithelial barrier, antigens are transported by the lymphatic system to lymph nodes. In previously immunized animals, antigens become trapped in the draining lymph nodes, but the underlying mechanism that controls antigen restriction is poorly understood. Here we describe the role of neurons in sensing and restricting antigen flow in lymph nodes. The antigen keyhole-limpet hemocyanin (KLH) injected into the mouse hind paw flows from the popliteal lymph node to the sciatic lymph node, continuing through the upper lymphatics to reach the systemic circulation. Re-exposure to KLH in previously immunized mice leads to decreased flow from the popliteal to the sciatic lymph node as compared with naïve mice. Administering bupivacaine into the lymph node region restores antigen flow in immunized animals. In contrast, neural activation using magnetic stimulation significantly decreases antigen trafficking in naïve animals as compared with sham controls. Ablating NaV1.8 + sensory neurons significantly reduces antigen restriction in immunized mice. Genetic deletion of FcγRI/FcεRI also reverses the antigen restriction. Colocalization of PGP9.5-expressing neurons, FcγRI receptors and labeled antigen occurs at the antigen challenge site. Together, these studies reveal that neuronal circuits modulate antigen trafficking through a pathway that requires NaV1.8 and FcγR.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Hanes
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America.,Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Peder S Olofsson
- Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sébastien Talbot
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tea Tsaava
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Mahendar Ochani
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America.,Division of Surgical Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Gavin H Imperato
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Yaakov A Levine
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America.,SetPoint Medical Corporation, Valencia, California, United States of America
| | - Jesse Roth
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Maud A Pascal
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.,Département de biologie, École Normale Supérieure de Cachan, Cachan, France
| | - Simmie L Foster
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ping Wang
- Division of Surgical Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Clifford Woolf
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sangeeta S Chavan
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America.,Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kevin J Tracey
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America.,Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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44
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Gangwar RS, Landolina N, Arpinati L, Levi-Schaffer F. Mast cell and eosinophil surface receptors as targets for anti-allergic therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 170:37-63. [PMID: 27773785 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roopesh Singh Gangwar
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nadine Landolina
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ludovica Arpinati
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Francesca Levi-Schaffer
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
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45
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Reardon C. Neuro-immune interactions in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory reflex. Immunol Lett 2016; 178:92-6. [PMID: 27542331 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Communication between the nervous and immune systems can significantly alter immune cell function in a number of inflammatory diseases. Elegant studies have defined a basic functional circuit in a "cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway" that highlights a unique role for the vagus nerve, and has brought about a resurgence in the field of neuro-immunology. This research has further identified that in addition to tonic signals that can restrain immune cell activation; the anti-inflammatory reflex arc is amiable to targeted stimulation as a therapeutic modality. The success of vagal electrical neural stimulation in a plethora of pre-clinical inflammation models has spurred the development of "electroceuticals" or neurostimulatory devices in the treatment of chronic inflammation. This development has begun despite addressing of fundamental questions such as the functional neural circuitry being crudely mapped and unresolved mechanisms of action of acetylcholine on target immune cells. Perhaps fortuitously, rapid advances in neuroscience techniques may allow us to begin to answer some of these longstanding questions and clarify recent controversies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Reardon
- University of California Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, VM3B, Room 2007, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
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46
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Blank U, Charles N, Benhamou M. The high-affinity immunoglobulin E receptor as pharmacological target. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 778:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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47
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis
infection of the ‘non‐classical immune cell’. Immunol Cell Biol 2015; 93:789-95. [DOI: 10.1038/icb.2015.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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48
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Qu L. Neuronal Fc gamma receptor I as a novel mediator for IgG immune complex-induced peripheral sensitization. Neural Regen Res 2015; 7:2075-9. [PMID: 25624839 PMCID: PMC4296428 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.26.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain often accompanies immune-related diseases with an elevated level of IgG immune complex (IgG-IC) in the serum and/or the affected tissues though the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs), known as the receptors for the Fc domain of immunoglobulin G (IgG), are typically expressed on immune cells. A general consensus is that the activation of FcγRs by IgG-IC in such immune cells induces the release of proinflammatory cytokines from the immune cells, which may contribute to the IgG-IC-mediated peripheral sensitization. In addition to the immune cells, recent studies have revealed that FcγRI, but not FcγRII and FcγRIII, is also expressed in a subpopulation of primary sensory neurons. Moreover, IgG-IC directly excites the primary sensory neurons through neuronal FcγRI. These findings indicate that neuronal FcγRI provides a novel direct linkage between immunoglobulin and primary sensory neurons, which may be a novel target for the treatment of pain in the immune-related disorders. In this review, we summarize the expression pattern, functions, and the associated cellular signaling of FcγRs in the primary sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lintao Qu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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49
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Falsaperla R, Pavone P, Miceli Sopo S, Mahmood F, Scalia F, Corsello G, Lubrano R, Vitaliti G. Epileptic seizures as a manifestation of cow's milk allergy: a studied relationship and description of our pediatric experience. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 10:1597-609. [PMID: 25394911 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2014.977259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adverse reactions after ingestion of cow's milk proteins can occur at any age, from birth and even amongst exclusively breast-fed infants, although not all of these are hypersensitivity reactions. The most common presentations related to cow's milk protein allergy are skin reactions, failure to thrive, anaphylaxis as well as gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders. In addition, several cases of cow's milk protein allergy in the literature have documented neurological involvement, manifesting with convulsive seizures in children. This may be due to CNS spread of a peripheral inflammatory response. Furthermore, there is evidence that pro-inflammatory cytokines are responsible for disrupting the blood-brain barrier, causing focal CNS inflammation thereby triggering seizures, although further studies are needed to clarify the pathogenic relationship between atopy and its neurological manifestations. This review aims to analyze current published data on the link between cow's milk protein allergy and epileptic events, highlighting scientific evidence for any potential pathogenic mechanism and describing our clinical experience in pediatrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Falsaperla
- Paediatric Acute and Emergency Department and Operative Unit, Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele University Hospital, University of Catania, Via Plebiscito n. 628, 95100, Catania, Italy
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50
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Wright RJ, Berin MC. Unlocking the stress-allergy puzzle: need for a more comprehensive stress model. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2014; 113:1-2. [PMID: 24950842 PMCID: PMC4797627 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind J Wright
- Department of Pediatrics, Kravis Children's Hospital, Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
| | - M Cecilia Berin
- Department of Pediatrics, Allergy and Immunology, Immunology Institute, Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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