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Lee JE, Kim M, Ochiai S, Kim SH, Yeo H, Bok J, Kim J, Park M, Kim D, Lamiable O, Lee M, Kim MJ, Kim HY, Ronchese F, Kwon SW, Lee H, Kim TG, Chung Y. Tonic type 2 immunity is a critical tissue checkpoint controlling autoimmunity in the skin. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114364. [PMID: 38900635 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunoregulatory mechanisms established in the lymphoid organs are vital for preventing autoimmunity. However, the presence of similar mechanisms in non-lymphoid tissues remains unclear. Through transcriptomic and lipidomic analyses, we find a negative association between psoriasis and fatty acid metabolism, as well as Th2 signature. Homeostatic expression of liver X receptor (LXR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is essential for maintaining fatty acid metabolism and for conferring resistance to psoriasis in mice. Perturbation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) diminishes the homeostatic levels of LXR and PPARγ. Furthermore, mice lacking STAT6, interleukin 4 receptor alpha (IL-4Rα), or IL-13, but not IL-4, exhibit increased susceptibility to psoriasis. Under steady state, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are the primary producers of IL-13. In human skin, inhibiting tonic type 2 immunity exacerbates psoriasis-like inflammation and IL-17A, while activating LXR or PPARγ inhibits them. Hence, we propose that tonic type 2 immunity, driven by IL-13-producing ILCs, represents a crucial tissue checkpoint that represses autoimmunity and maintains lipid homeostasis in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Eun Lee
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sotaro Ochiai
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Sung-Hee Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonuk Yeo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jahyun Bok
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Miso Park
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehong Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Myunggyo Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ju Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Franca Ronchese
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Sung Won Kwon
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Haeseung Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae-Gyun Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeonseok Chung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Wang Y, Gao Y, Shi H, Gao R, Yang J, Qu Y, Hu S, Zhang J, Wang J, Cao J, Zhang F, Ge J. CCL11 released by GSDMD-mediated macrophage pyroptosis regulates angiogenesis after hindlimb ischemia. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:294. [PMID: 38906863 PMCID: PMC11192718 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01764-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is an emerging public health burden with a high rate of disability and mortality. Gasdermin D (GSDMD) has been reported to exert pyroptosis and play a critical role in the pathophysiology of many cardiovascular diseases. We ought to determine the role of GSDMD in the regulation of perfusion recovery after hindlimb ischemia (HLI). Our study revealed that GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis occurred in HLI. GSDMD deletion aggravated perfusion recovery and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. However, how GSDMD regulates angiogenesis after ischemic injury remains unclear. We then found that GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis exerted the angiogenic capacity in macrophages rather than endothelial cells after HLI. GSDMD deletion led to a lower level of CCL11 in mice serum. GSDMD knockdown in macrophages downregulated the expression and decreased the releasing level of CCL11. Furthermore, recombinant CCL11 improved endothelial functions and angiogenesis, which was attenuated by CCL11 antibody. Taken together, these results demonstrate that GSDMD promotes angiogenesis by releasing CCL11, thereby improving blood flow perfusion recovery after hindlimb ischemic injury. Therefore, CCL11 may be a novel target for prevention and treatment of vascular ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Huairui Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Rifeng Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji'e Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya'nan Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyu Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingpu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiatian Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, 200032, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, 200032, Shanghai, China.
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Alvarez-Argote S, Paddock SJ, Flinn MA, Moreno CW, Knas MC, Almeida VA, Buday SL, Bakhshian Nik A, Patterson M, Chen YG, Lin CW, O’Meara CC. IL-13 promotes functional recovery after myocardial infarction via direct signaling to macrophages. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e172702. [PMID: 38051583 PMCID: PMC10906228 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.172702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is great interest in identifying signaling pathways that promote cardiac repair after myocardial infarction (MI). Prior studies suggest a beneficial role for IL-13 signaling in neonatal heart regeneration; however, the cell types mediating cardiac regeneration and the extent of IL-13 signaling in the adult heart after injury are unknown. We identified an abundant source of IL-13 and the related cytokine, IL-4, in neonatal cardiac type 2 innate lymphoid cells, but this phenomenon declined precipitously in adult hearts. Moreover, IL-13 receptor deletion in macrophages impaired cardiac function and resulted in larger scars early after neonatal MI. By using a combination of recombinant IL-13 administration and cell-specific IL-13 receptor genetic deletion models, we found that IL-13 signaling specifically to macrophages mediated cardiac functional recovery after MI in adult mice. Single transcriptomics revealed a subpopulation of cardiac macrophages in response to IL-13 administration. These IL-13-induced macrophages were highly efferocytotic and were identified by high IL-1R2 expression. Collectively, we elucidated a strongly proreparative role for IL-13 signaling directly to macrophages following cardiac injury. While this pathway is active in proregenerative neonatal stages, reactivation of macrophage IL-13 signaling is required to promote cardiac functional recovery in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sydney L. Buday
- Department of Physiology
- Cardiovascular Research Center
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy
| | | | - Michaela Patterson
- Cardiovascular Research Center
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy
| | - Yi-Guang Chen
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and
| | - Chien-Wei Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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4
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Ray JL, Postma B, Kendall RL, Ngo MD, Foo CX, Saunders B, Ronacher K, Gowdy KM, Holian A. Estrogen contributes to sex differences in M2a macrophages during multi-walled carbon nanotube-induced respiratory inflammation. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23350. [PMID: 38071600 PMCID: PMC10752389 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301571rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Lung diseases characterized by type 2 inflammation are reported to occur with a female bias in prevalence/severity in both humans and mice. This includes previous work examining multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-induced eosinophilic inflammation, in which a more exaggerated M2a phenotype was observed in female alveolar macrophages (AMs) compared to males. The mechanisms responsible for this sex difference in AM phenotype are still unclear, but estrogen receptor (ER) signaling is a likely contributor. Accordingly, male AMs downregulated ERα expression after MWCNT exposure while female AMs did not. Thus, ER antagonist Fulvestrant was administered prior to MWCNT instillation. In females, Fulvestrant significantly attenuated MWCNT-induced M2a gene expression and eosinophilia without affecting IL-33. In males, Fulvestrant did not affect eosinophil recruitment but reduced IL-33 and M2a genes compared to controls. Regulation of cholesterol efflux and oxysterol synthesis is a potential mechanism through which estrogen promotes the M2a phenotype. Levels of oxysterols 25-OHC and 7α,25-OHC were higher in the airways of MWCNT-exposed males compared to MWCNT-females, which corresponds with the lower IL-1β production and greater macrophage recruitment previously observed in males. Sex-based changes in cholesterol efflux transporters Abca1 and Abcg1 were also observed after MWCNT exposure with or without Fulvestrant. In vitro culture with estrogen decreased cellular cholesterol and increased the M2a response in female AMs, but did not affect cholesterol content in male AMs and reduced M2a polarization. These results reveal the modulation of (oxy)sterols as a potential mechanism through which estrogen signaling may regulate AM phenotype resulting in sex differences in downstream respiratory inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Ray
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Britten Postma
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Rebekah L. Kendall
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Minh Dao Ngo
- Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Cheng Xiang Foo
- Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brett Saunders
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Katharina Ronacher
- Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kymberly M. Gowdy
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrij Holian
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
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5
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Singh G, Warang P, García-Bernalt Diego J, Chang L, Bykov Y, Singh S, Pache L, Cuadrado-Castano S, Webb B, Garcia-Sastre A, Schotsaert M. Host immune responses associated with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection result in protection or pathology during reinfection depending on mouse genetic background. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3637405. [PMID: 38077015 PMCID: PMC10705603 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3637405/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Rapid emergence of antigenic distinct SARS-CoV-2 variants implies a greater risk of reinfection as viruses can escape neutralizing antibodies induced by vaccination or previous viral exposure. Disease severity during COVID-19 depends on many variables such as age-related comorbidities, host immune status and genetic variation. The host immune response during infection with SARS-CoV-2 may contribute to disease severity, which can range from asymptomatic to severe with fatal outcome. Furthermore, the extent of host immune response activation may rely on underlying genetic predisposition for disease or protection. To address these questions, we performed immune profiling studies in mice with different genetic backgrounds - transgenic K18-hACE2 and wild-type 129S1 mice - subjected to reinfection with the severe disease-causing SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 variant, 30 days after experimental milder BA.1 infection. BA.1 preinfection conferred protection against B.1.351-induced morbidity in K18-hACE2 mice but aggravated disease in 129S1 mice. We found that he cytokine/chemokine profile in B.1.351 re-infected 129S1mice is similar to that during severe SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans and is characterized by a much higher level of IL-10, IL-1β, IL-18 and IFN-γ, whereas in B.1.351 re-infected K18-hACE2 mice, the cytokine profile echoes the signature of naïve mice undergoing viral infection for the first time. Interestingly, the enhanced pathology observed in 129S1 mice upon reinfection cannot be attributed to a less efficient induction of adaptive immune responses to the initial BA.1 infection, as both K18-hACE2 and 129S1 mice exhibited similar B and T cell responses at 30 DPI against BA.1, with similar anti-BA.1 or B.1.351 spike-specific ELISA binding titers, levels of germinal center B-cells, and SARS-CoV-2-Spike specific tissue-resident T-cells. Long-term effects of BA.1 infection are associated with differential transcriptional changes in bronchoalveolar lavage-derived CD11c + immune cells from K18-hACE2 and 129S1, with K18-hACE2 CD11c + cells showing a strong antiviral defense gene expression profile whereas 129S1 CD11c + cells showed a more pro-inflammatory response. In conclusion, initial infection with BA.1 induces cross-reactive adaptive immune responses in both K18-hACE2 and 129S1 mice, however the different disease outcome of reinfection seems to be driven by differential responses of CD11c + cells in the alveolar space.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sarabjot Singh
- RT-PCR COVID-19 Laboratory, Civil Hospital, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Lars Pache
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute
| | | | - Brett Webb
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming
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6
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Tan D, Lu M, Cai Y, Qi W, Wu F, Bao H, Qv M, He Q, Xu Y, Wang X, Shen T, Luo J, He Y, Wu J, Tang L, Barkat MQ, Xu C, Wu X. SUMOylation of Rho-associated protein kinase 2 induces goblet cell metaplasia in allergic airways. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3887. [PMID: 37393345 PMCID: PMC10314948 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39600-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is characterized by goblet cell metaplasia and subsequent mucus hypersecretion that contribute to the morbidity and mortality of this disease. Here, we explore the potential role and underlying mechanism of protein SUMOylation-mediated goblet cell metaplasia. The components of SUMOylaion machinery are specifically expressed in healthy human bronchial epithelia and robustly upregulated in bronchial epithelia of patients or mouse models with allergic asthma. Intratracheal suppression of SUMOylation by 2-D08 robustly attenuates not only allergen-induced airway inflammation, goblet cell metaplasia, and hyperreactivity, but IL-13-induced goblet cell metaplasia. Phosphoproteomics and biochemical analyses reveal SUMOylation on K1007 activates ROCK2, a master regulator of goblet cell metaplasia, by facilitating its binding to and activation by RhoA, and an E3 ligase PIAS1 is responsible for SUMOylation on K1007. As a result, knockdown of PIAS1 in bronchial epithelia inactivates ROCK2 to attenuate IL-13-induced goblet cell metaplasia, and bronchial epithelial knock-in of ROCK2(K1007R) consistently inactivates ROCK2 to alleviate not only allergen-induced airway inflammation, goblet cell metaplasia, and hyperreactivity, but IL-13-induced goblet cell metaplasia. Together, SUMOylation-mediated ROCK2 activation is an integral component of Rho/ROCK signaling in regulating the pathological conditions of asthma and thus SUMOylation is an additional target for the therapeutic intervention of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of CFDA for Respiratory Drug Research, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Meiping Lu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, the Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Yuqing Cai
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, the Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Weibo Qi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Fugen Wu
- Department of Paediatrics, the First People's Hospital of Wenling City, Wenling City, 317500, China
| | - Hangyang Bao
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Meiyu Qv
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qiangqiang He
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yana Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiangzhi Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, the Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Tingyu Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiahao Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yangxun He
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Junsong Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lanfang Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, the Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Muhammad Qasim Barkat
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chengyun Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory of CFDA for Respiratory Drug Research, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, the Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Ximei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory of CFDA for Respiratory Drug Research, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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7
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Lohova E, Pilmane M. Expression of MUC-2, MUC-6, NAPE-PLD, IL-6 and IL-13 in Healthy and Metaplastic Bronchial Epithelium. Diseases 2022; 11:diseases11010005. [PMID: 36648870 PMCID: PMC9844475 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The normal tissue structure of the respiratory system is necessary to provide adequate protection of the airways and lungs. Prolonged exposure to trigger factors can result in adaptive mechanism activation and lead to the development of chronic pulmonary diseases or even dysplastic changes. Materials and methods: Respiratory system material with a pseudostratified ciliated epithelium was obtained from 12 patients (aged 16 to 95), and material with a stratified squamosa epithelium was obtained from six patients (aged 23 to 93). Routine staining was performed, and an immunohistochemistry was conducted for MUC-2, MUC-6, NAPE-PLD, IL-6 and IL-13. Results: Inflammatory processes were not detected in any of the specimens. A number of correlations were identified, with the most important being a strong positive correlation for IL-13 between the alveolar epithelium and alveolar macrophages and a strong positive correlation for IL-6 between the alveolar epithelium and alveolar macrophages in the stratified squamous epithelium group. We also detected a statistically significant difference in IL-6 in alveolar macrophages. Conclusions: There were no signs of dysplastic changes in either group. Increased secretion of IL-13 in the stratified squamous epithelium group shows its involvement in metaplastic changes in the bronchial epithelium. The secretion of atypical factors by hyaline cartilage demonstrates its plasticity and adaptability.
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MicroRNA-98-5p Inhibits IL-13-Induced Proliferation and Migration of Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cells by Targeting RAC1. Inflammation 2022; 45:1548-1558. [PMID: 35304668 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01640-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The dysfunction of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) is one of the key factors in the pathogenesis of asthma. How miR-98-5p works in asthma has not been completely elucidated. This work focused on how miR-98-5p functions in the proliferation and migration of human ASMCs treated with interleukin-13 (IL-13). MiR-98-5p expression in plasma of asthmatic patients and IL-13-stimulated ASMCs was probed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RAS-relevant C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1) protein expression in ASMCs was assessed by Western blot. The growth of ASMCs was measured by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay. The migration of ASMCs was examined by Transwell assay. Besides, the apoptosis of ASMCs was analyzed by flow cytometry. The targeting relationship between miR-98-5p and RAC1 3'-UTR was verified by a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. MiR-98-5p expression was reduced in patients' plasma and IL-13-stimulated ASMCs, and RAC1 expression was upregulated in ASMCs treated with IL-13. MiR-98-5p overexpression inhibited IL-13-induced proliferation and migration of ASMCs while promoting the apoptosis. The opposite result was observed after inhibiting miR-98-5p expression. Besides, RAC1 was identified as a direct downstream target of miR-98-5p in ASMCs. The restoration of RAC1 expression counteracted the impacts of miR-98-5p overexpression on IL-13-stimulated proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of ASMCs. MiR-98-5p inhibits IL-13-induced proliferation and migration and accelerates the apoptosis of ASMCs by downregulating RAC1 expression.
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9
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MicroRNA-629-3p Promotes Interleukin-13-Induced Bronchial Epithelial Cell Injury and Inflammation by Targeting FOXA2. Cell Biochem Biophys 2022; 80:457-466. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-022-01072-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Alobaidi A, Alsamarai A, Alsamarai MA. Inflammation in Asthma Pathogenesis: Role of T cells, Macrophages, Epithelial Cells and Type 2 Inflammation. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:317-332. [PMID: 34544350 DOI: 10.2174/1871523020666210920100707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disease with abnormal inflammatory and immunological responses. The disease initiated by antigens in subjects with genetic susceptibility. However, environmental factors play a role in the initiation and exacerbation of asthma attack. Asthma is T helper 2 (Th2)-cell-mediated disease. Recent studies indicated that asthma is not a single disease entity, but it is with multiple phenotypes and endotypes. The pathophysiological changes in asthma included a series of subsequent continuous vicious circle of cellular activation contributed to induction of chemokines and cytokines that potentiate inflammation. The heterogeneity of asthma influenced the treatment response. The asthma pathogenesis driven by varied set of cells such as eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, mast cells, macrophages, epithelial cells and T cells. In this review the role of T cells, macrophage, and epithelial cells are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Alobaidi
- Kirkuk University College of Veterinary Medicine, Kirkuk. Iraq
| | - Abdulghani Alsamarai
- Aalborg Academy College of Medicine [AACOM], Denmark. Tikrit University College of Medicine, [TUCOM], Tikrit. Iraq
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11
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Ross EA, Devitt A, Johnson JR. Macrophages: The Good, the Bad, and the Gluttony. Front Immunol 2021; 12:708186. [PMID: 34456917 PMCID: PMC8397413 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.708186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are dynamic cells that play critical roles in the induction and resolution of sterile inflammation. In this review, we will compile and interpret recent findings on the plasticity of macrophages and how these cells contribute to the development of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, with a particular focus on allergic and autoimmune disorders. The critical roles of macrophages in the resolution of inflammation will then be examined, emphasizing the ability of macrophages to clear apoptotic immune cells. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune-driven spectrum of diseases where persistent inflammation results in synovial hyperplasia and excessive immune cell accumulation, leading to remodeling and reduced function in affected joints. Macrophages are central to the pathophysiology of RA, driving episodic cycles of chronic inflammation and tissue destruction. RA patients have increased numbers of active M1 polarized pro-inflammatory macrophages and few or inactive M2 type cells. This imbalance in macrophage homeostasis is a main contributor to pro-inflammatory mediators in RA, resulting in continual activation of immune and stromal populations and accelerated tissue remodeling. Modulation of macrophage phenotype and function remains a key therapeutic goal for the treatment of this disease. Intriguingly, therapeutic intervention with glucocorticoids or other DMARDs promotes the re-polarization of M1 macrophages to an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype; this reprogramming is dependent on metabolic changes to promote phenotypic switching. Allergic asthma is associated with Th2-polarised airway inflammation, structural remodeling of the large airways, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Macrophage polarization has a profound impact on asthma pathogenesis, as the response to allergen exposure is regulated by an intricate interplay between local immune factors including cytokines, chemokines and danger signals from neighboring cells. In the Th2-polarized environment characteristic of allergic asthma, high levels of IL-4 produced by locally infiltrating innate lymphoid cells and helper T cells promote the acquisition of an alternatively activated M2a phenotype in macrophages, with myriad effects on the local immune response and airway structure. Targeting regulators of macrophage plasticity is currently being pursued in the treatment of allergic asthma and other allergic diseases. Macrophages promote the re-balancing of pro-inflammatory responses towards pro-resolution responses and are thus central to the success of an inflammatory response. It has long been established that apoptosis supports monocyte and macrophage recruitment to sites of inflammation, facilitating subsequent corpse clearance. This drives resolution responses and mediates a phenotypic switch in the polarity of macrophages. However, the role of apoptotic cell-derived extracellular vesicles (ACdEV) in the recruitment and control of macrophage phenotype has received remarkably little attention. ACdEV are powerful mediators of intercellular communication, carrying a wealth of lipid and protein mediators that may modulate macrophage phenotype, including a cargo of active immune-modulating enzymes. The impact of such interactions may result in repair or disease in different contexts. In this review, we will discuss the origin, characterization, and activity of macrophages in sterile inflammatory diseases and the underlying mechanisms of macrophage polarization via ACdEV and apoptotic cell clearance, in order to provide new insights into therapeutic strategies that could exploit the capabilities of these agile and responsive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan A Ross
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Devitt
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jill R Johnson
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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12
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Tian X, Wang Y, Lu Y, Wang W, Du J, Chen S, Zhou H, Cai W, Xiao Y. Conditional depletion of macrophages ameliorates cholestatic liver injury and fibrosis via lncRNA-H19. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:646. [PMID: 34168124 PMCID: PMC8225916 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03931-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although macrophages are recognized as important players in the pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases, their roles in cholestatic liver fibrosis remain incompletely understood. We previously reported that long noncoding RNA-H19 (lncRNA-H19) contributes to cholangiocyte proliferation and cholestatic liver fibrosis of biliary atresia (BA). We here show that monocyte/macrophage CD11B mRNA levels are increased significantly in livers of BA patients and positively correlated with the progression of liver inflammation and fibrosis. The macrophages increasingly infiltrate and accumulate in the fibrotic niche and peribiliary areas in livers of BA patients. Selective depletion of macrophages using the transgenic CD11b-diphtheria toxin receptor (CD11b-DTR) mice halts bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced progression of liver damage and fibrosis. Meanwhile, macrophage depletion significantly reduces the BDL-induced hepatic lncRNA-H19. Overexpression of H19 in livers using adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) counteracts the effects of macrophage depletion on liver fibrosis and cholangiocyte proliferation. Additionally, both H19 knockout (H19-/-) and conditional deletion of H19 in macrophage (H19ΔCD11B) significantly depress the macrophage polarization and recruitment. lncRNA-H19 overexpressed in THP-1 macrophages enhance expression of Rho-GTPase CDC42 and RhoA. In conclusions, selectively depletion of macrophages suppresses cholestatic liver injuries and fibrosis via the lncRNA-H19 and represents a potential therapeutic strategy for rapid liver fibrosis in BA patients.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD11b Antigen/genetics
- CD11b Antigen/metabolism
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Proliferation
- Cholestasis/complications
- Heparin-binding EGF-like Growth Factor/genetics
- Heparin-binding EGF-like Growth Factor/metabolism
- Humans
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/genetics
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/metabolism
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/prevention & control
- Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/genetics
- Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/metabolism
- Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/prevention & control
- Macrophage Activation
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/pathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
- THP-1 Cells
- cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein/genetics
- cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism
- rhoA GTP-Binding Protein/genetics
- rhoA GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbei Tian
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Weipeng Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiping Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and McGuire Veterans AfSfairs Medical Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Wei Cai
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yongtao Xiao
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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13
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The Role of T Cells and Macrophages in Asthma Pathogenesis: A New Perspective on Mutual Crosstalk. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:7835284. [PMID: 32922208 PMCID: PMC7453253 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7835284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is associated with innate and adaptive immunity mediated by immune cells. T cell or macrophage dysfunction plays a particularly significant role in asthma pathogenesis. Furthermore, crosstalk between them continuously transmits proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory signals, causing the immune cell activation or repression in the immune response. Consequently, the imbalanced immune microenvironment is the major cause of the exacerbation of asthma. Here, we discuss the role of T cells, macrophages, and their interactions in asthma pathogenesis.
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14
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Xue K, Ruan L, Hu J, Fu Z, Tian D, Zou W. Panax notoginseng saponin R1 modulates TNF-α/NF-κB signaling and attenuates allergic airway inflammation in asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106860. [PMID: 32771949 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUD Panax notoginseng saponin R1 (PNS-R1) is one of the most important chemical monomers derived from the panax notoginseng, and our previous study found that PNS-R1 reduced glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in asthmatic airway epithelial cells. Thus, in this study, we explored the effects of the PNS-R1 on inflammation of allergic asthma. METHODS The asthmatic mice were administered 15 mg/kg PNS-R1 by intraperitoneal injection three days before sensitized to OVA. The effects of PNS-R1 on asthmatic mice were detected by airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, mucus hypersecretion and inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-13, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were studied. We also treated human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) with house dust mites (HDM) and then detected the secretion of cellular inflammatory factors (IL-13 and TNF-α). Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to examine the effect of PNS-R1 on TNF-α/NF-κB pathway. TNF-α/NF-κB/IKK signal pathway activator was used in PNS-R1-treated asthmatic mice. RESULTS PNS-R1 significantly reduced the airway inflammatory, mucus secretion and hyperresponsiveness in asthma model. It also reduced the levels of IL-13, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-8 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and IgE and OVA-specific IgE in serum for asthma mice. PNS-R1 reduced IL-13 and TNF-α secretion in HDM-treated 16HBE cells. In addition, PNS-R1 suppressed TNF-α/NF-κB pathway in both asthmatic mice and 16HBE. Activation of NF-kB pathway reversed the therapeutic effect of PNS-R1 on asthmatic mice. CONCLUSION The results indicated that PNS-R1 effectively suppresses allergic airway inflammation of asthma partly through TNF-α/NF-κB pathway. PNS-R1 may play a potential role in allergic asthma treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunjiao Xue
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Lingying Ruan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zhou Fu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Daiyin Tian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Wenjing Zou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, PR China.
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15
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Furue M, Ulzii D, Nakahara T, Tsuji G, Furue K, Hashimoto-Hachiya A, Kido-Nakahara M. Implications of IL-13Rα2 in atopic skin inflammation. Allergol Int 2020; 69:412-416. [PMID: 32037147 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common eczematous skin disorder characterized by skin inflammation, barrier disruption, chronic pruritus and marked scratching. Th2 cytokines, especially IL-13, play a pathogenic role in AD. IL-13 signals via a heterodimeric receptor composed of IL-4Rα and IL-13 Rα1. A second receptor, IL-13 Rα2, binds to IL-13 with high affinity, but it works as a decoy receptor. IL-13 Rα2 is overexpressed in the lesional skin of AD. Notably, mechanical scratching, as well as IL-13 itself, also upregulates IL-13 Rα2 expression. The scratch-induced IL-13 Rα2 upregulation may attenuate the IL-13-mediated epidermal barrier dysfunction and dermal fibrosis. Recent studies stress an importance of another IL-13 Rα2 ligand, chitinase 3-like 1 or YKL-40 in Th2 differentiation. However, the implications of increased IL-13 Rα2 levels remain elusive in AD. In this review, we summarize the recent topics on IL-13 Rα2 in atopic skin inflammation.
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16
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Trüb M, Uhlenbrock F, Claus C, Herzig P, Thelen M, Karanikas V, Bacac M, Amann M, Albrecht R, Ferrara-Koller C, Thommen D, Rothschield S, Savic Prince S, Mertz KD, Cathomas G, Rosenberg R, Heinzelmann-Schwarz V, Wiese M, Lardinois D, Umana P, Klein C, Laubli H, Kashyap AS, Zippelius A. Fibroblast activation protein-targeted-4-1BB ligand agonist amplifies effector functions of intratumoral T cells in human cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:e000238. [PMID: 32616554 PMCID: PMC7333869 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The costimulatory receptor 4-1BB (CD137, TNFRSF9) plays an important role in sustaining effective T cell immune responses and is investigated as target for cancer therapy. Systemic 4-1BB directed therapies elicit toxicity or low efficacy, which significantly hampered advancement of 4-1BB-based immunotherapy. Therefore, targeted delivery of 4-1BB agonist to the tumor side is needed for eliciting antitumor efficacy while avoiding systemic toxicity. METHODS We analyzed the immunostimulatory properties of a fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-targeted 4-1BB agonist (FAP-4-1BBL) by assessing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes' (TIL) activity from patients with non-small cell lung cancer and epithelial ovarian cancer. RESULTS Combination treatment with FAP-4-1BBL and T cell receptor stimulation by either anti-CD3 or T cell bispecific antibodies significantly enhanced TIL activation and effector functions, including T cell proliferation, secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and cytotoxicity. Notably, costimulation with FAP-4-1BBL led to de novo secretion of interleukin (IL)-13. This was associated with cytokine-mediated tumor cell apoptosis, which was partially dependent on IL-13 alpha 1/2 receptors and STAT6 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides mechanistic insights into T cell stimulation induced by FAP-4-1BBL in primary human tumors and supports the investigation of FAP-4-1BBL compound in early clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Trüb
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Uhlenbrock
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Petra Herzig
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Thelen
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Marina Bacac
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Maria Amann
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Daniela Thommen
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Kirsten D Mertz
- Institute of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital Basel-Landschaft, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Gieri Cathomas
- Institute of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital Basel-Landschaft, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Robert Rosenberg
- Department of Surgery, Cantonal Hospital Basel-Landschaft, Liestal, Switzerland
| | | | - Mark Wiese
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Didier Lardinois
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Umana
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | | | - Heinz Laubli
- Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Abhishek S Kashyap
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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17
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Khumalo J, Kirstein F, Scibiorek M, Hadebe S, Brombacher F. Therapeutic and prophylactic deletion of IL-4Ra-signaling ameliorates established ovalbumin induced allergic asthma. Allergy 2020; 75:1347-1360. [PMID: 31782803 PMCID: PMC7318634 DOI: 10.1111/all.14137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease driven predominantly by a TH2 immune response to environmental allergens. IL‐4Rα‐signaling is essential for driving TH2‐type immunity to allergens. Anti‐TH2 therapies have the potential to effectively reduce airway obstruction and inflammation in allergic asthma. Objective We investigated potential therapeutic effects of selective inhibition of this pathway in mice with established allergic airway disease. We further investigated whether IL‐4Rα disruption in systemically sensitized mice can prevent the onset of the disease. Methods We used RosacreERT2IL‐4Rα−/lox mice, a tamoxifen (TAM)‐inducible IL‐4Rα knockdown model to investigate the role of IL‐4/IL‐13 signaling prior to the onset of the disease and during the effector phase in the ovalbumin‐induced allergic airway disease. Results Inducible deletion of IL‐4Rα demonstrated therapeutic effects, on established allergic airway disease, and prevented the development of ovalbumin‐induced airway hyperreactivity, eosinophilia, and goblet cell metaplasia in allergen‐sensitized mice. Interestingly, IL‐4Rα knockdown after allergic sensitization did not induce TH17, a neutrophilic inflammatory response as observed in global IL‐4Rα‐deficient mice after intranasal allergen challenge. Conclusion Abrogation of IL‐4Rα signaling after allergic sensitization would have significant therapeutic benefit for TH2‐type allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jermaine Khumalo
- Division of Immunology, and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases Department of Pathology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
- Division of Immunology Health Science Faculty International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM) University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
| | - Frank Kirstein
- Division of Immunology, and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases Department of Pathology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
| | - Martyna Scibiorek
- Division of Immunology, and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases Department of Pathology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
- Division of Immunology Health Science Faculty International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM) University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
| | - Sabelo Hadebe
- Division of Immunology, and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases Department of Pathology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
| | - Frank Brombacher
- Division of Immunology, and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases Department of Pathology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
- Division of Immunology Health Science Faculty International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM) University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI‐Africa)Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM)University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
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18
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Penke LR, Ouchi H, Speth JM, Lugogo N, Huang YJ, Huang SK, Peters-Golden M. Transcriptional regulation of the IL-13Rα2 gene in human lung fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1083. [PMID: 31974428 PMCID: PMC6978327 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57972-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-13 is a type 2 cytokine with important roles in allergic diseases, asthma, and tissue fibrosis. Its receptor (R) α1 is primarily responsible for the biological actions of this cytokine, while Rα2 possesses a decoy function which can block IL-13 signaling. Although the expression of Rα2 is known to be subject to modulation, information about its transcriptional regulation is limited. In this study, we sought to expand the understanding of transcriptional control of Rα2 in lung fibroblasts. We confirmed previous reports that IL-13 elicited modest induction of Rα2 in normal adult human lung fibroblasts, but found that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) -mediators known to influence fibroblast activation in tissue fibrosis but not previously investigated in this regard - led to a much greater magnitude of Rα2 induction. Although both PGE2 (via protein kinase A) and FGF-2 (via protein kinase B, also known as AKT) depended on activation of cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) for induction of Rα2 expression, they nevertheless demonstrated synergy in doing so, likely attributable to their differential utilization of distinct transcriptional start sites on the Rα2 promoter. Our data identify CREB activation via PGE2 and FGF-2 as a previously unrecognized molecular controller of Rα2 gene induction and provide potential new insights into strategies for therapeutic manipulation of this endogenous brake on IL-13 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loka R Penke
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hideyasu Ouchi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer M Speth
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Njira Lugogo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yvonne J Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Steven K Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marc Peters-Golden
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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19
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Feehan KT, Gilroy DW. Is Resolution the End of Inflammation? Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:198-214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Inhibition of the dipeptidyl peptidase DPP4 (CD26) reveals IL-33-dependent eosinophil-mediated control of tumor growth. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:257-264. [PMID: 30778250 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0321-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modification of chemokines mediated by the dipeptidyl peptidase DPP4 (CD26) has been shown to negatively regulate lymphocyte trafficking, and its inhibition enhances T cell migration and tumor immunity by preserving functional chemokine CXCL10. By extending those initial findings to pre-clinical models of hepatocellular carcinoma and breast cancer, we discovered a distinct mechanism by which inhibition of DPP4 improves anti-tumor responses. Administration of the DPP4 inhibitor sitagliptin resulted in higher concentrations of the chemokine CCL11 and increased migration of eosinophils into solid tumors. Enhanced tumor control was preserved in mice lacking lymphocytes and was ablated after depletion of eosinophils or treatment with degranulation inhibitors. We further demonstrated that tumor-cell expression of the alarmin IL-33 was necessary and sufficient for eosinophil-mediated anti-tumor responses and that this mechanism contributed to the efficacy of checkpoint-inhibitor therapy. These findings provide insight into IL-33- and eosinophil-mediated tumor control, revealed when endogenous mechanisms of DPP4 immunoregulation are inhibited.
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21
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Yi S, Zhai J, Niu R, Zhu G, Wang M, Liu J, Huang H, Wang Y, Jing X, Kang L, Song W, Shi Y, Tang H. Eosinophil recruitment is dynamically regulated by interplay among lung dendritic cell subsets after allergen challenge. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3879. [PMID: 30250029 PMCID: PMC6155158 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06316-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophil infiltration, a hallmark of allergic asthma, is essential for type 2 immune responses. How the initial eosinophil recruitment is regulated by lung dendritic cell (DC) subsets during the memory stage after allergen challenge is unclear. Here, we show that the initial eosinophil infiltration is dependent on lung cDC1s, which require nitric oxide (NO) produced by inducible NO synthase from lung CD24−CD11b+ DC2s for inducing CCL17 and CCL22 to attract eosinophils. During late phase responses after allergen challenge, lung CD24+ cDC2s inhibit eosinophil recruitment through secretion of TGF-β1, which impairs the expression of CCL17 and CCL22. Our data suggest that different lung antigen-presenting cells modulate lung cDC1-mediated eosinophil recruitment dynamically, through secreting distinct soluble factors during the memory stage of chronic asthma after allergen challenge in the mouse. Eosinophils are important mediators of allergic responses, but how they are recruited to the inflamed site is still unclear. Here the authors show that CD103+ cDC1 cells secrete CCL17 and CCL22 for eosinophil recruitment, with this process promoted by CD24−CD11b+ DC2s in the early phase but suppressed by CD24+ cDC2s in the late phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Yi
- Institute of Immunology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Zhai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Niu
- Institute of Immunology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Guangming Zhu
- Institute of Immunology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Meixiang Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Institute of Immunology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Hua Huang
- Institute of Immunology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Xiuli Jing
- Institute of Immunology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Li Kang
- Institute of Immunology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Wengang Song
- Institute of Immunology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Yufang Shi
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Hua Tang
- Institute of Immunology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China. .,Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
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IL-34 and CSF-1 display an equivalent macrophage differentiation ability but a different polarization potential. Sci Rep 2018; 8:256. [PMID: 29321503 PMCID: PMC5762882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18433-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
CSF-1 and IL-34 share the CSF-1 receptor and no differences have been reported in the signaling pathways triggered by both ligands in human monocytes. IL-34 promotes the differentiation and survival of monocytes, macrophages and osteoclasts, as CSF-1 does. However, IL-34 binds other receptors, suggesting that differences exist in the effect of both cytokines. In the present study, we compared the differentiation and polarization abilities of human primary monocytes in response to CSF-1 or IL-34. CSF-1R engagement by one or the other ligands leads to AKT and caspase activation and autophagy induction through expression and activation of AMPK and ULK1. As no differences were detected on monocyte differentiation, we investigated the effect of CSF-1 and IL-34 on macrophage polarization into the M1 or M2 phenotype. We highlighted a striking increase in IL-10 and CCL17 secretion in M1 and M2 macrophages derived from IL-34 stimulated monocytes, respectively, compared to CSF-1 stimulated monocytes. Variations in the secretome induced by CSF-1 or IL-34 may account for their different ability to polarize naïve T cells into Th1 cells. In conclusion, our findings indicate that CSF-1 and IL-34 exhibit the same ability to induce human monocyte differentiation but may have a different ability to polarize macrophages.
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Shi Y, Fu X, Cao Q, Mao Z, Chen Y, Sun Y, Liu Z, Zhang Q. Overexpression of miR-155-5p Inhibits the Proliferation and Migration of IL-13-Induced Human Bronchial Smooth Muscle Cells by Suppressing TGF-β-Activated Kinase 1/MAP3K7-Binding Protein 2. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2018; 10:260-267. [PMID: 29676073 PMCID: PMC5911445 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2018.10.3.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Molecular mechanisms leading to asthma is still ill-defined. Though the function of microRNAs (miRNAs) in asthma was previously reported, the involvement of miR-155 in important features of this disease remains unknown. The present study was designed to uncover the probable involvement of miR-155-5p in the proliferation and migration of IL-13-induced human bronchial smooth muscle cells (BSMCs) and the intrinsic regulatory mechanism. Methods The effects of different concentrations of IL-13 on the proliferation and migration of BSMCs as well as the expression of miR-155-5p and its predicted target transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-activated kinase 1/MAP3K7-binding protein 2 (TAB2) were investigated. The effects of miR-155-5p on the proliferation and migration of interleukin (IL)-13-induced BSMCs was determined in vitro using BSMCs transfected with miR-155 mimic/inhibitor and induced by a high concentration of IL-13. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRTPCR) was employed for determining the expression of miR-155-5p and TAB2. Western blotting was applied to analyze the expression of TAB2 at the protein level. Cell proliferation and migration were assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Transwell assays, respectively. Results The proliferation and migration of BSMCs were dose-dependently increased with IL-13 treatment. Contrariwise, IL-13 dose-dependently inhibited the expression of miR-155-5p in BSMCs. Mechanistic studies showed that inhibition of miR-155-5p further promoted the stimulatory effects of IL-13, whereas overexpression of miR-155 significantly inhibited these effects. In silico studies and luciferase reporter assays indicated that TAB2 was a negatively regulated miR-155-5p target. Conclusions These results suggested that miR-155-5p-inhibit the IL-13-induced proliferation and migration of BSMCs by targeting TAB2 and that the IL-13/miR-155/TAB2 pathway could serve as a therapeutic target for pulmonary diseases, especially asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xingli Fu
- Health Science Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qi Cao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhengdao Mao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhiguang Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.
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Seehus CR, Kadavallore A, Torre BDL, Yeckes AR, Wang Y, Tang J, Kaye J. Alternative activation generates IL-10 producing type 2 innate lymphoid cells. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1900. [PMID: 29196657 PMCID: PMC5711851 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02023-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) share cytokine and transcription factor expression with CD4+ Th2 cells, but functional diversity of the ILC2 lineage has yet to be fully explored. Here, we show induction of a molecularly distinct subset of activated lung ILC2, termed ILC210. These cells produce IL-10 and downregulate some pro-inflammatory genes. Signals that generate ILC210 are distinct from those that induce IL-13 production, and gene expression data indicate that an alternative activation pathway leads to the generation of ILC210. In vivo, IL-2 enhances ILC210 generation and is associated with decreased eosinophil recruitment to the lung. Unlike most activated ILC2, the ILC210 population contracts after cessation of stimulation in vivo, with maintenance of a subset that can be recalled by restimulation, analogous to T-cell effector cell and memory cell generation. These data demonstrate the generation of a previously unappreciated IL-10 producing ILC2 effector cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey R Seehus
- Research Division of Immunology, Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Asha Kadavallore
- Research Division of Immunology, Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Brian de la Torre
- Research Division of Immunology, Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Alyson R Yeckes
- Research Division of Immunology, Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Genomics Core Facility, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8723 Alden Drive, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Jie Tang
- Genomics Core Facility, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8723 Alden Drive, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Jonathan Kaye
- Research Division of Immunology, Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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Children Covered by Medicaid/State Children's Health Insurance Program More Likely to Use Emergency Departments for Food Allergies. Pediatr Emerg Care 2017; 33:e152-e159. [PMID: 27404464 DOI: 10.1097/pec.0000000000000794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food allergies (FAs) occur in 4% to 8% of children in the United States, and emergency department (ED) visits account for up to 20% of their costs. In 2010, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases established diagnostic criteria and management practices for FAs, and recognition and treatment of FAs for pediatric ED practitioners has been described. OBJECTIVE This study identified trends and factors related to ED visits for pediatric FAs in the United States from 2001 to 2010. It was hypothesized that FAs increased and that differences existed in ED utilization based on age, insurance status, and geography. Low concordance with treatment guidelines for FAs was expected. METHODS Multivariate logistic regression, using National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey data, estimated factors associated with ED visits and treatment of FAs and nonspecific allergic reactions. Trends and treatment patters used weighted frequencies to account for the complex 4-stage probability survey design. RESULTS An estimated 239,303 (95% confidence interval [CI], 180,322-298,284) children visited the ED for FAs, demonstrating a significant rate increase during the period (53.08, P < 0.001). Logistic regression showed that the odds of ED visits for FAs were significantly associated with Medicaid/State Children's Health Insurance Program insurance (OR, 1.65 [95% CI, 1.01-2.69], P = 0.04), adolescents (OR, 1.92 [95% CI, 1.10-3.35], P = 0.02), and boys (OR, 1.55 [95% CI, 1.03-2.35], P = 0.04). Treatment with epinephrine for anaphylaxis diagnoses occurred in 57.4% of visits (95% CI, 42.3%-66.8%). CONCLUSIONS Medicaid/State Children's Health Insurance Program-insured pediatric patients had higher odds of visiting ED for recognized FAs and nonspecific allergic reactions and higher odds of receiving epinephrine than privately insured children.
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Muehling LM, Lawrence MG, Woodfolk JA. Pathogenic CD4 + T cells in patients with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:1523-1540. [PMID: 28442213 PMCID: PMC5651193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Asthma encompasses a variety of clinical phenotypes that involve distinct T cell-driven inflammatory processes. Improved understanding of human T-cell biology and the influence of innate cytokines on T-cell responses at the epithelial barrier has led to new asthma paradigms. This review captures recent knowledge on pathogenic CD4+ T cells in asthmatic patients by drawing on observations in mouse models and human disease. In patients with allergic asthma, TH2 cells promote IgE-mediated sensitization, airway hyperreactivity, and eosinophilia. Here we discuss recent discoveries in the myriad molecular pathways that govern the induction of TH2 differentiation and the critical role of GATA-3 in this process. We elaborate on how cross-talk between epithelial cells, dendritic cells, and innate lymphoid cells translates to T-cell outcomes, with an emphasis on the actions of thymic stromal lymphopoietin, IL-25, and IL-33 at the epithelial barrier. New concepts on how T-cell skewing and epitope specificity are shaped by multiple environmental cues integrated by dendritic cell "hubs" are discussed. We also describe advances in understanding the origins of atypical TH2 cells in asthmatic patients, the role of TH1 cells and other non-TH2 types in asthmatic patients, and the features of T-cell pathogenicity at the single-cell level. Progress in technologies that enable highly multiplexed profiling of markers within a single cell promise to overcome barriers to T-cell discovery in human asthmatic patients that could transform our understanding of disease. These developments, along with novel T cell-based therapies, position us to expand the assortment of molecular targets that could facilitate personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsey M Muehling
- Allergy Division, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Monica G Lawrence
- Allergy Division, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Judith A Woodfolk
- Allergy Division, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Va.
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The C-C Chemokines CCL17 and CCL22 and Their Receptor CCR4 in CNS Autoimmunity. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112306. [PMID: 29099057 PMCID: PMC5713275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). It affects more than two million people worldwide, mainly young adults, and may lead to progressive neurological disability. Chemokines and their receptors have been shown to play critical roles in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine disease model induced by active immunization with myelin proteins or transfer of encephalitogenic CD4+ T cells that recapitulates clinical and neuropathological features of MS. Chemokine ligand-receptor interactions orchestrate leukocyte trafficking and influence multiple pathophysiological cellular processes, including antigen presentation and cytokine production by dendritic cells (DCs). The C-C class chemokines 17 (CCL17) and 22 (CCL22) and their C-C chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) have been shown to play an important role in homeostasis and inflammatory responses. Here, we provide an overview of the involvement of CCR4 and its ligands in CNS autoimmunity. We review key clinical studies of MS together with experimental studies in animals that have demonstrated functional roles of CCR4, CCL17, and CCL22 in EAE pathogenesis. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of newly developed CCR4 antagonists and a humanized anti-CCR4 antibody for treatment of MS.
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TPL-2 restricts Ccl24-dependent immunity to Heligmosomoides polygyrus. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006536. [PMID: 28759611 PMCID: PMC5560741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
TPL-2 (COT, MAP3K8) kinase activates the MEK1/2-ERK1/2 MAPK signaling pathway in innate immune responses following TLR, TNFR1 and IL-1R stimulation. TPL-2 contributes to type-1/Th17-mediated autoimmunity and control of intracellular pathogens. We recently demonstrated TPL-2 reduces severe airway allergy to house dust mite by negatively regulating type-2 responses. In the present study, we found that TPL-2 deficiency resulted in resistance to Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection, with accelerated worm expulsion, reduced fecal egg burden and reduced worm fitness. Using co-housing experiments, we found resistance to infection in TPL-2 deficient mice (Map3k8-/-) was independent of microbiota alterations in H. polygyrus infected WT and Map3k8-/-mice. Additionally, our data demonstrated immunity to H. polygyrus infection in TPL-2 deficient mice was not due to dysregulated type-2 immune responses. Genome-wide analysis of intestinal tissue from infected TPL-2-deficient mice identified elevated expression of genes involved in chemotaxis and homing of leukocytes and cells, including Ccl24 and alternatively activated genes. Indeed, Map3k8-/-mice had a significant influx of eosinophils, neutrophils, monocytes and Il4GFP+ T cells. Conditional knockout experiments demonstrated that specific deletion of TPL-2 in CD11c+ cells, but not Villin+ epithelial cells, LysM+ myeloid cells or CD4+ T cells, led to accelerated resistance to H. polygyrus. In line with a central role of CD11c+ cells, CD11c+ CD11b+ cells isolated from TPL-2-deficient mice had elevated Ccl24. Finally, Ccl24 neutralization in TPL-2 deficient mice significantly decreased the expression of Arg1, Retnla, Chil3 and Ear11 correlating with a loss of resistance to H. polygyrus. These observations suggest that TPL-2-regulated Ccl24 in CD11c+CD11b+ cells prevents accelerated type-2 mediated immunity to H. polygyrus. Collectively, this study identifies a previously unappreciated role for TPL-2 controlling immune responses to H. polygyrus infection by restricting Ccl24 production.
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Elhaik Goldman S, Moshkovits I, Shemesh A, Filiba A, Tsirulsky Y, Vronov E, Shagan M, Apte RN, Benharroch DA, Karo-Atar D, Dagan R, Munitz A, Mizrachi Nebenzahl Y, Porgador A. Natural Killer Receptor 1 Dampens the Development of Allergic Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160779. [PMID: 27580126 PMCID: PMC5007051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of NCR1 was studied in a model of experimental asthma, classified as a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction, in mice. IgE levels were significantly increased in the serum of OVA immunized NCR1 deficient (NCR1gfp/gfp) mice in comparison to OVA immunized wild type (NCR1+/+) and adjuvant immunized mice. Histological analysis of OVA immunized NCR1gfp/gfp mice revealed no preservation of the lung structure and overwhelming peribronchial and perivascular granulocytes together with mononuclear cells infiltration. OVA immunized NCR+/+ mice demonstrated preserved lung structure and peribronchial and perivascular immune cell infiltration to a lower extent than that in NCR1gfp/gfp mice. Adjuvant immunized mice demonstrated lung structure preservation and no immune cell infiltration. OVA immunization caused an increase in PAS production independently of NCR1 presence. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) revealed NCR1 dependent decreased percentages of eosinophils and increased percentages of lymphocytes and macrophages following OVA immunization. In the OVA immunized NCR1gfp/gfp mice the protein levels of eosinophils' (CCL24) and Th2 CD4+ T-cells' chemoattractants (CCL17, and CCL24) in the BAL are increased in comparison with OVA immunized NCR+/+ mice. In the presence of NCR1, OVA immunization caused an increase in NK cells numbers and decreased NCR1 ligand expression on CD11c+GR1+ cells and decreased NCR1 mRNA expression in the BAL. OVA immunization resulted in significantly increased IL-13, IL-4 and CCL17 mRNA expression in NCR1+/+ and NCR1gfp/gfp mice. IL-17 and TNFα expression increased only in OVA-immunized NCR1+/+mice. IL-6 mRNA increased only in OVA immunized NCR1gfp/gfp mice. Collectively, it is demonstrated that NCR1 dampens allergic eosinophilic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Elhaik Goldman
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Itay Moshkovits
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler school of medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Avishai Shemesh
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Ayelet Filiba
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Yevgeny Tsirulsky
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Elena Vronov
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Marilou Shagan
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Ron N. Apte
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - D aniel Benharroch
- Soroka University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Bear Sheva, Israel
| | - Danielle Karo-Atar
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler school of medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ron Dagan
- Faculty of Health Science, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Ariel Munitz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler school of medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yaffa Mizrachi Nebenzahl
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler school of medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail: ;
| | - Angel Porgador
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
- National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- * E-mail: ;
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Achuthan A, Cook AD, Lee MC, Saleh R, Khiew HW, Chang MWN, Louis C, Fleetwood AJ, Lacey DC, Christensen AD, Frye AT, Lam PY, Kusano H, Nomura K, Steiner N, Förster I, Nutt SL, Olshansky M, Turner SJ, Hamilton JA. Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor induces CCL17 production via IRF4 to mediate inflammation. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3453-66. [PMID: 27525438 DOI: 10.1172/jci87828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Data from preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) can function as a key proinflammatory cytokine. However, therapies that directly target GM-CSF function could lead to undesirable side effects, creating a need to delineate downstream pathways and mediators. In this work, we provide evidence that GM-CSF drives CCL17 production by acting through an IFN regulatory factor 4-dependent (IRF4-dependent) pathway in human monocytes, murine macrophages, and mice in vivo. In murine models of arthritis and pain, IRF4 regulated the formation of CCL17, which mediated the proinflammatory and algesic actions of GM-CSF. Mechanistically, GM-CSF upregulated IRF4 expression by enhancing JMJD3 demethylase activity. We also determined that CCL17 has chemokine-independent functions in inflammatory arthritis and pain. These findings indicate that GM-CSF can mediate inflammation and pain by regulating IRF4-induced CCL17 production, providing insights into a pathway with potential therapeutic avenues for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and their associated pain.
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Edukulla R, Rehn KL, Liu B, McAlees JW, Hershey GK, Wang YH, Lewkowich I, Lindsley AW. Intratracheal myriocin enhances allergen-induced Th2 inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2016; 4:248-62. [PMID: 27621809 PMCID: PMC4893390 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Ceramide is the central substrate of sphingolipid metabolism and plays a key role in cellular signal transduction pathways, regulating apoptosis, differentiation, and chemotaxis. Alterations in airway ceramide levels are observed in multiple pulmonary diseases and recent human genetic association studies have linked dysregulation of sphingolipid regulatory genes with asthma pathogenesis. Methods Utilizing myriocin, a potent inhibitor of sphingolipid synthesis, we evaluated the immune regulatory role of de novo ceramide generation in vitro and in vivo. Intratracheal myriocin was administered alone or during house dust mite sensitization (HDM) of BALB/C mice and airway hyper‐responsiveness (AHR) was evaluated by invasive plethysmography followed by bronchial lavage (BAL) cytology and cytokine quantification. Results Myriocin inhibits and HDM exposure activates de novo ceramide synthesis in bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells. Mice receiving intratracheal myriocin developed a mild airway neutrophilic infiltrate without inducing a significant increase in AHR. CXCL1 was elevated in the BAL fluid of myriocin‐treated mice while the neutrophilic chemotactic factors anaphylatoxin C5a, leukotriene B4, and IL‐17 were unaffected. HDM treatment combined with myriocin led to a dramatic enhancement of AHR (63% increase over HDM alone, p < 0.001) and increased granulocyte pulmonary infiltrates versus HDM or myriocin alone. Elevated Th2 T cell counts and Th2 cytokines/chemokines (IL5, IL13, CCL17) were observed in mice treated with combined HDM/myriocin compared to HDM alone. Myriocin‐treated pulmonary CD11c+ cells stimulated with HDM secreted significantly more CXCL1 than cells stimulated with HDM alone while HDM stimulated airway epithelial cells showed no change in CXCL1 secretion following myriocin treatment. Conclusions Intratracheal myriocin, likely acting via ceramide synthesis inhibition, enhances allergen‐induced airway inflammation, granulocyte and Th2 lymphocyte recruitment, and allergen‐induced AHR. Sphingolipid pathways may represent novel targets for possible future anti‐inflammatory asthma medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishna Edukulla
- Division of Allergy and Immunology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio USA
| | - Kira Lee Rehn
- Division of Allergy and Immunology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio USA
| | - Bo Liu
- Division of Allergy and Immunology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio USA
| | - Jaclyn W McAlees
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio USA
| | - Gurjit K Hershey
- Division of Asthma ResearchCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA; Department of PediatricsUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Yui Hsi Wang
- Division of Allergy and Immunology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio USA
| | - Ian Lewkowich
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio USA
| | - Andrew W Lindsley
- Division of Allergy and ImmunologyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA; Department of PediatricsUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhioUSA
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Lin CL, Hsiao G, Wang CC, Lee YL. Imperatorin exerts antiallergic effects in Th2-mediated allergic asthma via induction of IL-10-producing regulatory T cells by modulating the function of dendritic cells. Pharmacol Res 2016; 110:111-121. [PMID: 27185659 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Imperatorin is a furanocoumarin compound which exists in many medicinal herbs and possesses various biological activities. Herein, we investigated the antiallergic effects of imperatorin in asthmatic mice and explored the immunomodulatory actions of imperatorin on immune cells. We used a murine model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma to evaluate the therapeutic potential of imperatorin. Additionally, bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs; BMDCs) were used to clarify whether imperatorin exerts an antiallergic effect through altering the ability of DCs to regulate T cells. Oral administration of imperatorin to OVA-sensitized and -challenged mice decreased serum OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) production, attenuated the airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and alleviated airway inflammation in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, secretions of Th2 cytokines and chemokines were reduced, and numbers of interleukin (IL)-10-producing regulatory T cells (Tregs) increased in imperatorin-treated mice. Imperatorin inhibited proinflammatory cytokines and IL-12 production but enhanced IL-10 secretion by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BMDCs. Compared to fully mature DCs, imperatorin-treated DCs expressed high levels of the inducible costimulatory ligand (ICOSL) and Jagged1 molecules, and had the regulatory capacity to promote the generation of IL-10-producing CD4(+) T cells in vitro. Additionally, imperatorin directly suppressed activated CD4(+) T-cell proliferation and cytokine production. Imperatorin may possess therapeutic potential against Th2-mediated allergic asthma not only via stimulating DC induction of Tregs but also via direct inhibition of Th2 cell activation. These findings provide new insights into how imperatorin affects the Th2 immune response and the development of imperatorin as a Treg-type immunomodulatory agent to treat allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Lun Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - George Hsiao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chiung Wang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Lun Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Aquaporin-3 potentiates allergic airway inflammation in ovalbumin-induced murine asthma. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25781. [PMID: 27165276 PMCID: PMC4863152 DOI: 10.1038/srep25781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of asthma. Aquaporin-3 (AQP3) is a small transmembrane water/glycerol channel that may facilitate the membrane uptake of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Here we report that AQP3 potentiates ovalbumin (OVA)-induced murine asthma by mediating both chemokine production from alveolar macrophages and T cell trafficking. AQP3 deficient (AQP3(-/-)) mice exhibited significantly reduced airway inflammation compared to wild-type mice. Adoptive transfer experiments showed reduced airway eosinophilic inflammation in mice receiving OVA-sensitized splenocytes from AQP3(-/-) mice compared with wild-type mice after OVA challenge, consistently with fewer CD4(+) T cells from AQP3(-/-) mice migrating to the lung than from wild-type mice. Additionally, in vivo and vitro experiments indicated that AQP3 induced the production of some chemokines such as CCL24 and CCL22 through regulating the amount of cellular H2O2 in M2 polarized alveolar macrophages. These results imply a critical role of AQP3 in asthma, and AQP3 may be a novel therapeutic target.
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Zhang C, Zhang LH, Wu YF, Lai TW, Wang HS, Xiao H, Che LQ, Ying SM, Li W, Chen ZH, Shen HH. Suhuang antitussive capsule at lower doses attenuates airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, and remodeling in a murine model of chronic asthma. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21515. [PMID: 26861679 PMCID: PMC4748281 DOI: 10.1038/srep21515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Suhuang antitussive capsule (Suhuang), a traditional Chinese medication, is found effective in treating chronic cough and cough variant asthma (CVA). This study aimed to determine the possible effects and underlying mechanisms of Suhuang on chronic ovalbumin (OVA)-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), inflammation, and remodeling in mice. Mice were randomly assigned to six experimental groups: control, OVA model with or without Suhuang (low dose: 3.5 g/kg, middle dose: 7.0 g/kg, high dose: 14.0 g/kg), or dexamethasone (2.5 mg/kg). AHR, inflammatory cells, cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), lung pathology, mucus production, and airway remodeling were examined. We found Suhuang treated at lower doses effectively inhibited OVA-induced AHR, airway inflammation, mucus production and collagen deposition around the airway. High dose of Suhuang reduced most of the inflammatory hallmarks while exerted inconsiderable effects on the number of macrophages in BALF and AHR. At all doses, Suhuang significantly reduced the levels of interlukin (IL) -13 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, but had little effects on IL-4, IL-5, IL-17A and interferon (IFN)-γ. Thus, Suhuang administration alleviates the pathological changes of chronic asthma likely through inhibition of IL-13 and TGF-β1. Suhuang might be a promising therapy for patients with allergic asthma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lan-Hong Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin-Fang Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Wen Lai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Sheng Wang
- Yangtze River Pharmaceutical Group Beijing Haiyan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- Yangtze River Pharmaceutical Group Beijing Haiyan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Luan-Qing Che
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Song-Min Ying
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua-Hao Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
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Macrophages are critical to the maintenance of IL-13-dependent lung inflammation and fibrosis. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:38-55. [PMID: 25921340 PMCID: PMC4626445 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The roles of macrophages in type 2-driven inflammation and fibrosis remain unclear. Here, using CD11b-diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR) transgenic mice and three models of interleukin 13 (IL-13)-dependent inflammation, fibrosis, and immunity, we show that CD11b(+) F4/80(+) Ly6C(+) macrophages are required for the maintenance of type 2 immunity within affected tissues but not secondary lymphoid organs. Direct depletion of macrophages during the maintenance or resolution phases of secondary Schistosoma mansoni egg-induced granuloma formation caused a profound decrease in inflammation, fibrosis, and type 2 gene expression. Additional studies with CD11c-DTR and CD11b/CD11c-DTR double-transgenic mice suggested that macrophages but not dendritic cells were critical. Mechanistically, macrophage depletion impaired effector CD4(+) T helper type 2 (Th2) cell homing and activation within the inflamed lung. Depletion of CD11b(+) F4/80(+) Ly6C(+) macrophages similarly reduced house dust mite-induced allergic lung inflammation and suppressed IL-13-dependent immunity to the nematode parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Consequently, therapeutic strategies targeting macrophages offer a novel approach to ameliorate established type 2 inflammatory diseases.
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Halim TYF, Hwang YY, Scanlon ST, Zaghouani H, Garbi N, Fallon PG, McKenzie ANJ. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells license dendritic cells to potentiate memory TH2 cell responses. Nat Immunol 2016; 17:57-64. [PMID: 26523868 PMCID: PMC4685755 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rapid activation of memory CD4(+) T helper 2 (TH2) cells during allergic inflammation requires their recruitment into the affected tissue. Here we demonstrate that group 2 innate lymphoid (ILC2) cells have a crucial role in memory TH2 cell responses, with targeted depletion of ILC2 cells profoundly impairing TH2 cell localization to the lungs and skin of sensitized mice after allergen re-challenge. ILC2-derived interleukin 13 (IL-13) is critical for eliciting production of the TH2 cell-attracting chemokine CCL17 by IRF4(+)CD11b(+)CD103(-) dendritic cells (DCs). Consequently, the sentinel function of DCs is contingent on ILC2 cells for the generation of an efficient memory TH2 cell response. These results elucidate a key innate mechanism in the regulation of the immune memory response to allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timotheus YF Halim
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - You Yi Hwang
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Seth T Scanlon
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Habib Zaghouani
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Natalio Garbi
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institutes of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn D-53105, Germany
| | - Padraic G Fallon
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Andrew NJ McKenzie
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
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Jacobsen EA, Lee NA, Lee JJ. Re-defining the unique roles for eosinophils in allergic respiratory inflammation. Clin Exp Allergy 2015; 44:1119-36. [PMID: 24961290 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The role of eosinophils in the progression and resolution of allergic respiratory inflammation is poorly defined despite the commonality of their presence and in some cases their use as a biomarker for disease severity and/or symptom control. However, this ambiguity belies the wealth of insights that have recently been gained through the use of eosinophil-deficient/attenuated strains of mice that have demonstrated novel immunoregulatory and remodelling/repair functions for these cells in the lung following allergen provocation. Specifically, studies of eosinophil-deficient mice suggest that eosinophils contribute to events occurring in the lungs following allergen provocation at several key moments: (i) the initiating phase of events leading to Th2-polarized pulmonary inflammation, (ii) the suppression Th1/Th17 pathways in lung-draining lymph nodes, (iii) the recruitment of effector Th2 T cells to the lung, and finally, (iv) mechanisms of inflammatory resolution that re-establish pulmonary homoeostasis. These suggested functions have recently been confirmed and expanded upon using allergen provocation of an inducible eosinophil-deficient strain of mice (iPHIL) that demonstrated an eosinophil-dependent mechanism(s) leading to Th2 dominated immune responses in the presence of eosinophils in contrast to neutrophilic as well as mixed Th1/Th17/Th2 variant phenotypes in the absence of eosinophils. These findings highlighted that eosinophils are not exclusively downstream mediators controlled by T cells, dendritic cells (DC) and/or innate lymphocytic cells (ILC2). Instead, eosinophils appear to be more aptly described as significant contributors in complex interrelated pathways that lead to pulmonary inflammation and subsequently promote resolution and the re-establishment of homoeostatic baseline. In this review, we summarize and put into the context the evolving hypotheses that are now expanding our understanding of the roles eosinophils likely have in the lung following allergen provocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Jacobsen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
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Saba TG, Chung Y, Hong JY, Sajjan US, Bentley JK, Hershenson MB. Rhinovirus-induced macrophage cytokine expression does not require endocytosis or replication. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 50:974-84. [PMID: 24783958 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0354oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhinovirus (RV) is responsible for the majority of virus-induced asthma exacerbations. We showed previously that RV infection of ovalbumin-sensitized and -challenged BALB/c mice induces production of type 2 cytokines from M2-polarized macrophages. In the present study, we sought to determine the mechanism of RV-induced cytokine expression. We infected bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) from BALB/c mice with RV serotype 1B, a minor group virus that infects mouse cells. Selected cultures were pretreated with IL-4, a type 2 cytokine increased in allergic asthma. RV infection of untreated cells increased messenger RNA and protein expression of the M1 cytokines TNF-α, CXCL1, and IL-6 but failed to induce expression of the M2 cytokines CCL22 and CCL24. Cells pretreated with IL-4 showed decreased expression of M1 cytokines but increased expression of Ym-1, Arg-1 (M2 markers), CCL22, and CCL24. Infection with ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated, replication-deficient RV elicited similar cytokine responses, suggesting that the outcome is replication independent. Consistent with this, viral RNA copy number did not increase in RV-treated BMMs or bronchoalveolar macrophages. RV-induced cytokine expression was not affected when cells were pretreated with cytochalasin D, suggesting that viral endocytosis is not required for the response. Finally, RV-induced cytokine expression and viral attachment were abolished in BMMs from myeloid differentiation factor 88 and Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 KO mice, suggesting a specific requirement of TLR2. We conclude that RV elicits a proinflammatory cytokine response in BMMs through a cell-surface-mediated, TLR2-dependent mechanism that does not require viral endocytosis or replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Saba
- Departments of 1 Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases and
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Kim E, Lee H, Kim HS, Won S, Lee EK, Kim HS, Bang K, Chun YH, Yoon JS, Kim HH, Kim JT, Lee JS. The effect of rhinovirus on airway inflammation in a murine asthma model. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2013; 56:482-9. [PMID: 24348661 PMCID: PMC3859881 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2013.56.11.482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate the differences in lower airway inflammatory immune responses, including cellular responses and responses in terms of inflammatory mediators in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and the airway, to rhinovirus (RV) infection on asthma exacerbation by comparing a control and a murine asthma model, with or without RV infection. METHODS BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with a crude extract of Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and were subsequently intranasally treated with a crude extract of Df or PBS. Airway responsiveness and cell infiltration, differential cell counts in BALF, and cytokine and chemokine concentrations in BALF were measured 24 hours after intranasal RV1B infection. RESULTS RV infection increased the enhanced pause (Penh) in both the Df sensitized and challenged mice (Df mice) and PBS-treated mice (PBS mice) (P<0.05). Airway eosinophil infiltration increased in Df mice after RV infection (P<0.05). The levels of interleukin (IL) 13, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and regulated on activation, normal T cells expressed and secreted (RANTES) increased in response to RV infection in Df mice, but not in PBS mice (P<0.05). The level of IL-10 significantly decreased following RV infection in Df mice (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the augmented induction of proinflammatory cytokines, Th2 cytokines, and chemokines that mediate an eosinophil response and the decreased induction of regulatory cytokines after RV infection may be important manifestations leading to airway inflammation with eosinophil infiltration and changes in airway responsiveness in the asthma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Huisu Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Sook Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sulmui Won
- Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eu Kyoung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwan Soo Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyongwon Bang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Hong Chun
- Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Seo Yoon
- Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Hee Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Tack Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Sung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Sevin CM, Newcomb DC, Toki S, Han W, Sherrill TP, Boswell MG, Zhu Z, Collins RD, Boyd KL, Goleniewska K, Huckabee MM, Blackwell TS, Peebles RS. Deficiency of gp91phox inhibits allergic airway inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2013; 49:396-402. [PMID: 23590311 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0442oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, a multienzyme complex, is the major source for production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are increased in allergic diseases, such as asthma, but the role of ROS in disease pathogenesis remains uncertain. We hypothesized that mice unable to generate ROS via the NADPH oxidase pathway would have decreased allergic airway inflammation. To test this hypothesis, we studied gp91phox(-/-) mice in a model of allergic airway inflammation after sensitization and challenge with ovalbumin. Serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and lungs were then examined for evidence of allergic inflammation. We found that mice lacking a functional NADPH oxidase complex had significantly decreased ROS production and allergic airway inflammation, compared with wild-type (WT) control animals. To determine the mechanism by which allergic inflammation was inhibited by gp91phox deficiency, we cultured bone marrow-derived dendritic cells from WT and gp91phox(-/-) mice and activated them with LPS. IL-12 expression was significantly increased in the gp91phox(-/-) bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, suggesting that the cytokine profile produced in the absence of gp91phox enhanced the conditions leading to T helper (Th) type 1 differentiation, while inhibiting Th2 polarization. Splenocytes from sensitized gp91phox(-/-) animals produced significantly less IL-13 in response to ovalbumin challenge in vitro compared with splenocytes from sensitized WT mice, suggesting that NADPH oxidase promotes allergic sensitization. In contrast, inflammatory cytokines produced by T cells cultured from WT and gp91phox(-/-) mice under Th0, Th1, Th2, and Th17 conditions were not significantly different. This study demonstrates the importance of NADPH oxidase activity and ROS production in a murine model of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M Sevin
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232-2650, USA.
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Bargut TCL, Ferreira TPT, Daleprane JB, Martins MA, Silva PMR, Aguila MB. Fish oil has beneficial effects on allergen-induced airway inflammation and hyperreactivity in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75059. [PMID: 24040386 PMCID: PMC3765396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fish oil (FO) is rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which have been suggested to be anti-inflammatory and are associated with improvement of several inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigated the influence of FO on allergen-induced lung inflammation and airway hyperreactivity in mice. Methods Male A/J mice were fed either a standard-chow (SC) or a FO diet (FO) for 8 weeks. After 4 weeks, each group was further randomized for ovalbumin (SC-OVA and FO-OVA) or saline (SC-SAL and FO-SAL) challenge. Resistance and elastance were measured at baseline and after aerosolized methacholine, 24h after the last challenge. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed for leukocyte counts. Lung tissue mucus deposition, peribronchiolar matrix deposition and eosinophil infiltration were quantified. Serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and IgG1 (ref 2.2), lung IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, INFγ and eotaxin-1 and 2 were detected by ELISA and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), GATA-3 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) expression was measured by Western blot. Results Levels of serum IgE and IgG1 were significantly higher in OVA sensitized mice. OVA challenge resulted in increased eosinophil infiltration, increased inflammatory cytokine production, peribronchiolar matrix and mucus deposition and airway hyperreactivity to aerosolized methacholine. Elevated lung NFκB and GATA-3 expression was noted in OVA-challenged mice. These changes were attenuated in mice fed with FO diet. Higher PPARγ expression was also detected in the lungs from the FO-fed groups. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that FO intake attenuated classical asthma features by suppressing the systemic sensitization, thus providing evidence that FO might be a prophylactic alternative for asthma prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thereza Cristina Lonzetti Bargut
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Paula Teixeira Ferreira
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julio Beltrame Daleprane
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Martins
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Marcia Barbosa Aguila
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Sasaki O, Imamura M, Yamazumi Y, Harada H, Matsumoto T, Okunishi K, Nakagome K, Tanaka R, Akiyama T, Yamamoto K, Dohi M. Alendronate attenuates eosinophilic airway inflammation associated with suppression of Th2 cytokines, Th17 cytokines, and eotaxin-2. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:2879-89. [PMID: 23935198 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bisphosphonates (BPs) have been widely used to treat osteoporosis. They act by inhibiting farnesyl diphosphate synthase in the mevalonate pathway. This resembles the action of statins, whose immune-modulating effect has recently been highlighted. In contrast, the effect of BPs on immune responses has not been elucidated well. In this study, we examined the effect of alendronate (ALN), a nitrogen-containing BP, on allergic airway inflammation in a mouse model. BALB/c mice were sensitized twice with OVA and challenged three times with nebulized OVA to induce eosinophilic airway inflammation. ALN was administered by an intragastric tube before each inhalation. ALN strongly suppressed airway eosinophilia and Th2, as well as Th17 cytokine production in the lung. ALN also attenuated eotaxin-2 production in the lung. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the major cell source of eotaxin-2 was peribronchial/perivascular macrophages, and flow cytometrical studies confirmed that ALN decreased eotaxin-2 expression in these macrophages. Furthermore, ALN attenuated eotaxin-2 production from mouse pleural macrophages and human monocyte/macrophage-like THP-1 cells in vitro. These results suggest that ALN suppressed Ag-induced airway responses in the mouse model. The suppression of eotaxin-2 production from macrophages appears to be one of ALN's immunomodulatory effects, whereas the mechanism by which ALN suppressed Th2 and Th17 responses could not be fully elucidated in this study. Although a clinical study should be conducted, ALN could be a novel therapeutic option for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh Sasaki
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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Bochner BS, Rothenberg ME, Boyce JA, Finkelman F. Advances in mechanisms of allergy and clinical immunology in 2012. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 131:661-7. [PMID: 23352632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.12.676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Manuscripts published in the "Mechanisms of allergy and clinical immunology" section of the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology during 2012 enhanced our knowledge of the involvement of cytokines and other mediators in allergic disorders and described novel approaches for understanding mechanisms of allergic and immunologic diseases. Also published were articles focused on mechanisms of allergen-specific immunotherapy and the development of novel antiallergic treatments, as well as strategies to achieve tolerance to allergens. The highlights of these studies and their potential clinical implications are summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce S Bochner
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Doherty TA, Khorram N, Chang JE, Kim HK, Rosenthal P, Croft M, Broide DH. STAT6 regulates natural helper cell proliferation during lung inflammation initiated by Alternaria. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012; 303:L577-88. [PMID: 22865552 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00174.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma exacerbations can be caused by a number of factors, including the fungal allergen Alternaria, which is specifically associated with severe and near-fatal attacks. The mechanisms that trigger lung responses are unclear and might vary between allergens. A comparison between Alternaria, Aspergillus, Candida, and house dust mite, all allergens in humans, showed that only Alternaria promoted immediate innate airway eosinophilia within 12 h of inhalation in nonsensitized mice. Alternaria, but not the other allergens, induced a rapid increase in airway levels of IL-33, accompanied by IL-33 receptor (IL-33R)-positive natural helper cell (NHC) production of IL-5 and IL-13. NHCs in the lung and bone marrow constitutively expressed transcription factors [GATA-3 and E26 transformation-specific sequence-1 (ETS-1)] that could allow for rapid induction of T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines. Lung NHC numbers and proliferation (%Ki-67), but not IL-5 or GATA-3 expression, were significantly reduced in STAT6-deficient mice 3 days after one challenge with Alternaria. Alternaria induced NHC expression of the EGF receptor ligand amphiregulin (partially dependent on STAT6), as well as EGF receptor signaling in the airway epithelium. Finally, human peripheral blood NHCs (CRTH2(+)CD127(+) lineage-negative lymphocytes) from allergic individuals highly expressed GATA-3 and ETS-1, similar to lung NHCs in mice. In summary, Alternaria-induced lung NHC proliferation and expression of amphiregulin are regulated by STAT6. In addition, NHCs in mouse and humans are primed to express Th2 cytokines through constitutive expression of GATA-3 and ETS-1. Thus several transcription factor pathways (STAT6, GATA-3, and ETS-1) may contribute to NHC proliferation and Th2-type responses in Alternaria-induced asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A Doherty
- Dept. of Medicine, Univ. of California San Diego, Biomedical Sciences Bldg., La Jolla, CA 92093-0635, USA.
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