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Hannah R, Chavasse RJPG, Paton JY, Walton E, Roland D, Foster S, Lyttle MD. Emergency department discharge practices for children with acute wheeze and asthma: a survey of discharge practice and review of safety netting instructions in the UK and Ireland. Arch Dis Child 2024; 109:536-542. [PMID: 38627029 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2023-326247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recovery from acute wheeze and asthma attacks should be supported with safety netting, including treatment advice. We evaluated emergency department (ED) discharge practices for acute childhood wheeze/asthma attacks to describe variation in safety netting and recovery bronchodilator dosing. DESIGN Two-phase study between June 2020 and September 2021, comprising (1) Departmental discharge practice survey, and (2) Analysis of written discharge instructions for caregivers. SETTING Secondary and tertiary EDs in rural and urban settings, from Paediatric Emergency Research in the UK and Ireland (PERUKI). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Describe practice and variation in discharge advice, treatment recommendations and safety netting provision. RESULTS Of 66/71 (93%) participating sites, 62/66 (93.9%) reported providing written safety netting information. 52/66 (78.8%) 'nearly always' assessed inhaler/spacer technique; routine medication review (21/66; 31.8%) and adherence (16/66; 21.4%) were less frequent. In phase II, 61/66 (92.4%) submitted their discharge documents; 50/66 (81.9%) included bronchodilator plans. 11/66 (18.0%) provided Personalised Asthma Action Plans as sole discharge information. 45/50 (90%) provided 'fixed' bronchodilator dosing regimes; dose tapering was common (38/50; 76.0%). Median starting dose was 10 puffs 4 hourly (27/50, 54.0%); median duration was 4 days (29/50, 58.0%). 13/61 (21.3%) did not provide bronchodilator advice for acute deterioration; where provided, 42/48 (87.5%) recommended 10 puffs immediately. Subsequent dosages varied considerably. Common red flags included inability to speak (52/61, 85.2%), inhalers not lasting 4 hours (51/61, 83.6%) and respiratory distress (49/61, 80.3%). CONCLUSIONS There is variation in bronchodilator dosing and safety netting content for recovery following acute wheeze and asthma attacks. This reflects a lack of evidence, affirming need for further multicentre studies regarding bronchodilator recovery strategies and optimal safety netting advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romanie Hannah
- Children's Emergency Department, Royal Alexandra Children's Hospital, Brighton, UK
| | - Richard J P G Chavasse
- Respiratory Paediatrics, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - James Y Paton
- School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Emily Walton
- Children's Emergency Department, Royal Alexandra Children's Hospital, Brighton, UK
| | - Damian Roland
- SAPPHIRE Group, Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Paediatric Emergency Medicine Leicester Academic (PEMLA) Group, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Steven Foster
- Children's Emergency Department, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark D Lyttle
- Emergency Department, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
- Research in Emergency Care Avon Collaborative Hub (REACH), University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
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2
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Doumat G, Mehta GD, Espinola JA, Gallegos C, Zhu Z, Mansbach JM, Hasegawa K, Camargo CA. Race-Neutral Equations and Pulmonary Function Test Interpretation in Two Pediatric Cohorts. J Pediatr 2024; 273:114124. [PMID: 38815738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the changes in predicted lung function measurements when using race-neutral equations in children, based upon the new Global Lung Initiative (GLI) reference equations, utilizing a race-neutral approach in interpreting spirometry results compared with the 2012 race-specific GLI equations. STUDY DESIGN We analyzed data from 2 multicenter prospective cohorts comprised of healthy children and children with history of severe (requiring hospitalization) bronchiolitis. Spirometry testing was done at the 6-year physical exam, and 677 tests were analyzed using new GLI Global and 2012 GLI equations. We used multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for age, height, and sex, to examine the association of race with the development of new impairment or increased severity (forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) z-score ≤ -1.645) as per 2022 American Thoracic Society (ATS) guidelines. RESULTS Compared with the race-specific GLI, the race-neutral equation yielded increases in the median forced expiratory volume in the first second and forced vital capacity (FVC) percent predicted in White children but decreases in these two measures in Black children. The prevalence of obstruction increased in White children by 21%, and the prevalence of possible restriction increased in Black children by 222%. Compared with White race, Black race was associated with increased prevalence of new impairments (aOR 7.59; 95%CI, 3.00-19.67; P < .001) and increased severity (aOR 35.40; 95%CI, 4.70-266.40; P = .001). Results were similar across both cohorts. CONCLUSIONS As there are no biological justifications for the inclusion of race in spirometry interpretation, use of race-neutral spirometry reference equations led to an increase in both the prevalence and severity of respiratory impairments among Black children.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Doumat
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Geneva D Mehta
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Janice A Espinola
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Catalina Gallegos
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Zhaozhong Zhu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Kohei Hasegawa
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Carlos A Camargo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
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Zhang Y, Liu J, Zhi Y, You X, Wei B. Association of GAB1 gene with asthma susceptibility and the efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids in children. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:493. [PMID: 38057792 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02790-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a polygenic disease that may onset during childhood. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the main therapy in asthma, although their efficacy varies among individuals. Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is an important target of ICS treatment of asthma. Recent research has reported that GRB2 associated binding protein 1 (GAB1) gene may participate in the pathogenesis of asthma by regulating the NF-κB pathway. Therefore, we used the technique of an improved multiplex ligation detection reaction to sequence GAB1 gene and investigated the involvement of Single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in GAB1 gene in asthma and ICS efficacy in asthmatic children. We found no differences between asthma cases and controls in allele or genotype frequencies of GAB1. Haplotype analysis showed an increased tendency for AGGAGC frequency in asthma patients compared with controls (OR = 2.69, p = 0.018). The percentage of EOS and genotype distribution of rs1397527 were associated (p = 0.007). The EOS percentage was higher in GT genotype when compared to the GG genotype (5.50 vs 3.00, Bonferroni adjusted p = 0.005). After 12-weeks ICS treatment, GAB1 rs1397527 TT and GT genotype carriers had a smaller change in forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) than GG carriers (p = 0.009), and rs3805236 GG and AG genotype carriers also had a smaller change in FEV1/FVC than AA carriers (p = 0.025). For ICS response, the frequency of GG genotype of rs1397527 was significantly higher in good responders (p = 0.038). The generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) analysis showed a best significant four-order model (rs1397527, allergen exposure, environmental tobacco smoke exposure, and pet exposure) involving gene-environment interactions (p = 0.001). In summary, we found that GAB1 SNVs were not associated with asthma susceptibility. Haplotype AGGAGC was a risk factor for asthma. GAB1 variants were associated with eosinophils and ICS response in asthmatics. Furthermore, gene-environment interaction was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Zhang
- Department of neonatology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Post-graduate College, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of neonatology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Zhi
- Department of neonatology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan You
- Department of neonatology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Wei
- Department of neonatology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Mehta GD, Arroyo AC, Zhu Z, Espinola JA, Mansbach JM, Hasegawa K, Camargo CA. Association between severe bronchiolitis in infancy and age 6-year lung function. Respir Med 2023; 218:107401. [PMID: 37657534 PMCID: PMC10873075 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Understanding early life risk factors for decreased lung function could guide prevention efforts and improve lung health throughout the lifespan. Our objective was to investigate the association between history of severe (hospitalized) bronchiolitis in infancy and age 6-year lung function. METHODS We analyzed data from two prospective cohort studies: infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis and a parallel cohort of healthy infants. Children were followed longitudinally, and spirometry was performed at age 6 years. To examine the relationship between history of severe bronchiolitis and primary outcomes - FEV1% predicted (pp) and FEV1/FVCpp - we used multivariable linear regression models adjusted for insurance status, perterm birth, secondhand smoke exposure, breastfeeding status, traffic-related air pollution and polygenic risk score. Secondary outcomes included FVCpp and bronchodilator responsiveness (BDR). RESULTS Age 6-year spirometry was available for 425 children with history of severe bronchiolitis in infancy and 48 controls. Unadjusted analysis revealed that while most children had normal range lung function, children with a history of severe bronchiolitis had lower FEV1pp and FEV1/FVCpp. In adjusted analyses, the same findings were observed: FEV1pp was 8% lower (p = 0.004) and FEV1/FVCpp was 4% lower (p = 0.007) in children with history of severe bronchiolitis versus controls. FVC and BDR did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS Children with severe bronchiolitis in infancy have decreased FEV1 and FEV1/FVC at age 6 years, compared to controls. These children may be at increased risk for chronic respiratory illness later in life.
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Shanahan KH, James P, Rifas-Shiman SL, Gold DR, Oken E, Aris IM. Neighborhood Conditions and Resources in Mid-Childhood and Dampness and Pests at Home in Adolescence. J Pediatr 2023; 262:113625. [PMID: 37463640 PMCID: PMC10789911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine prospectively associations of neighborhood opportunity with the presence of dampness or pests in the home environment during early adolescence. STUDY DESIGN We geocoded residential addresses from 831 children (mean age 7.9 years, 2007-2011) in the Project Viva cohort. We linked each address with census tract-level Child Opportunity Index scores, which capture neighborhood conditions and resources influencing child heath including educational, health, environmental, and socioeconomic factors. Our primary outcome was presence of dampness or pests in the home in early adolescence (mean age 13.2 years, 2013-2016). Secondary outcomes included current asthma and lung function testing results. Mixed-effects regression models estimated longitudinal associations of Child Opportunity Index scores with outcomes, adjusting for individual and family sociodemographics. RESULTS Children residing in neighborhoods with greater overall opportunity were less likely to live in homes with dampness or pests approximately 5 years later (aOR 0.85 per 20-unit increase in Child Opportunity Index percentile rank, 95% CI 0.73-0.998). We observed no significant associations in adjusted models of overall neighborhood opportunity with current asthma or lung function. Lower school poverty or single-parent households and greater access to healthy food or economic resource index were associated with lower odds of a home environment with dampness or pests. CONCLUSIONS More favorable neighborhood conditions in mid-childhood were associated with lower likelihood of living in a home with dampness or pests in the early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen H Shanahan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| | - Peter James
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Diane R Gold
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Izzuddin M Aris
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA
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Plaza Moral V, Alobid I, Álvarez Rodríguez C, Blanco Aparicio M, Ferreira J, García G, Gómez-Outes A, Garín Escrivá N, Gómez Ruiz F, Hidalgo Requena A, Korta Murua J, Molina París J, Pellegrini Belinchón FJ, Plaza Zamora J, Praena Crespo M, Quirce Gancedo S, Sanz Ortega J, Soto Campos JG. GEMA 5.3. Spanish Guideline on the Management of Asthma. OPEN RESPIRATORY ARCHIVES 2023; 5:100277. [PMID: 37886027 PMCID: PMC10598226 DOI: 10.1016/j.opresp.2023.100277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Spanish Guideline on the Management of Asthma, better known by its acronym in Spanish GEMA, has been available for more than 20 years. Twenty-one scientific societies or related groups both from Spain and internationally have participated in the preparation and development of the updated edition of GEMA, which in fact has been currently positioned as the reference guide on asthma in the Spanish language worldwide. Its objective is to prevent and improve the clinical situation of people with asthma by increasing the knowledge of healthcare professionals involved in their care. Its purpose is to convert scientific evidence into simple and easy-to-follow practical recommendations. Therefore, it is not a monograph that brings together all the scientific knowledge about the disease, but rather a brief document with the essentials, designed to be applied quickly in routine clinical practice. The guidelines are necessarily multidisciplinary, developed to be useful and an indispensable tool for physicians of different specialties, as well as nurses and pharmacists. Probably the most outstanding aspects of the guide are the recommendations to: establish the diagnosis of asthma using a sequential algorithm based on objective diagnostic tests; the follow-up of patients, preferably based on the strategy of achieving and maintaining control of the disease; treatment according to the level of severity of asthma, using six steps from least to greatest need of pharmaceutical drugs, and the treatment algorithm for the indication of biologics in patients with severe uncontrolled asthma based on phenotypes. And now, in addition to that, there is a novelty for easy use and follow-up through a computer application based on the chatbot-type conversational artificial intelligence (ia-GEMA).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isam Alobid
- Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, España
| | | | | | - Jorge Ferreira
- Hospital de São Sebastião – CHEDV, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
| | | | - Antonio Gómez-Outes
- Farmacología clínica, Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios (AEMPS), Madrid, España
| | - Noé Garín Escrivá
- Farmacia Hospitalaria, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, España
| | | | | | - Javier Korta Murua
- Neumología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Donostia, Donostia-San, Sebastián, España
| | - Jesús Molina París
- Medicina de familia, semFYC, Centro de Salud Francia, Fuenlabrada, Dirección Asistencial Oeste, Madrid, España
| | | | - Javier Plaza Zamora
- Farmacia comunitaria, Farmacia Dr, Javier Plaza Zamora, Mazarrón, Murcia, España
| | | | | | - José Sanz Ortega
- Alergología Pediátrica, Hospital Católico Universitario Casa de Salud, Valencia, España
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Banzon TM, Greco KF, Li L, Mukharesh L, Vieira CLZ, Steiner MK, Hauptman M, Ratchataswan T, Koutrakis P, Phipatanakul W, Gaffin JM. Effect of radon exposure on asthma morbidity in the School Inner-City Asthma study. Pediatr Pulmonol 2023; 58:2042-2049. [PMID: 37083192 PMCID: PMC10330665 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radon may have a role in obstructive lung disease outside its known carcinogenicity. Little is known about radon's effects on asthma morbidity. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of radon on fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FE NO), asthma symptom-days, and lung function in inner-city asthmatic school children. METHODS Two hundred ninety-nine school-aged asthmatic children enrolled in the School Inner-City Asthma Study (SICAS-1) were followed. One and two-month averaged radon was assessed using a spatiotemporal model predicting zip code-specific monthly exposures. FE NO and spirometry were measured twice during the academic year. Asthma symptoms were assessed four times during the academic year. The interaction between indoor radon exposure (Bq/m3 ) and seasonality predicting log-transformed FE NO, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1 ) % predicted, forced vital capacity (FVC) % predicted, FEV1 /FVC, and asthma symptom-days was evaluated. RESULTS Participants with high radon exposure had greater change in FE NO from warm to cold periods compared to low radon exposure (interaction p = 0.0013). Participants with >50th percentile radon exposure experience significant FE NO increase from warm to cold weather (β $\beta $ = 0.29 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.04-0.54], p = 0.0240). We report a positive association between radon 1-month moving average (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.01, p = 0.0273) and 2-month moving average (IRR = 1.01, p = 0.0286) with maximum asthma symptom-days (n = 299, obs = 1167). CONCLUSIONS In asthmatic children, radon may be associated with increased asthma morbidity, suggesting radon may be a modifiable environmental risk factor for airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina M. Banzon
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly F. Greco
- Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Longxiang Li
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lana Mukharesh
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - M. Kathryn Steiner
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marissa Hauptman
- Pediatric Environmental Health Center, Division of General Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital
| | | | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wanda Phipatanakul
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Gaffin
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Onisor MO, Turner S. Routine FEV 1 measurement is essential in diagnosis and monitoring of childhood asthma: myth or maxim? Breathe (Sheff) 2023; 19:230048. [PMID: 37645020 PMCID: PMC10461742 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0048-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood asthma is a common condition in children. This review describes the evidence from seven asthma guidelines for using spirometry in the diagnosis and monitoring of childhood asthma. All guidelines recommend spirometry as the primary test to be performed for diagnosing asthma in children aged >5 years. Spirometry is often normal in children with asthma. Guidelines are not consistent with respect to whether forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) or FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) should be measured, or their threshold for "abnormal" spirometry, and we describe the sensitivity and specificity for these different cut-offs. The role of spirometry in monitoring asthma is less clear in the guidelines, and some do not suggest spirometry should be done. There is no consensus on what spirometric measurement should be used, how often it should be measured and what is a minimum clinically important change in spirometry. The role of spirometry in diagnosing asthma is more clearly established when compared to its role in monitoring asthma. The potential of spirometry to aid decision making for asthma diagnosis and monitoring in children remains to be fully evaluated. Educational aims To provide knowledge of the commonly used guidelines for asthma diagnosis and management.To give insight into the opportunities and challenges in using spirometry to diagnose and monitor asthma in children.To provide an understanding of the precision of spirometry for diagnosing asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steve Turner
- Division of Women and Children, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, UK
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Rosenberg L, Liu C, Sharma R, Wood C, Vyhlidal CA, Gaedigk R, Kho AT, Ziniti JP, Celedón JC, Tantisira KG, Weiss ST, McGeachie MJ, Kechris K, Sharma S. Intrauterine Smoke Exposure, microRNA Expression during Human Lung Development, and Childhood Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7727. [PMID: 37175432 PMCID: PMC10178351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine smoke (IUS) exposure during early childhood has been associated with a number of negative health consequences, including reduced lung function and asthma susceptibility. The biological mechanisms underlying these associations have not been established. MicroRNAs regulate the expression of numerous genes involved in lung development. Thus, investigation of the impact of IUS on miRNA expression during human lung development may elucidate the impact of IUS on post-natal respiratory outcomes. We sought to investigate the effect of IUS exposure on miRNA expression during early lung development. We hypothesized that miRNA-mRNA networks are dysregulated by IUS during human lung development and that these miRNAs may be associated with future risk of asthma and allergy. Human fetal lung samples from a prenatal tissue retrieval program were tested for differential miRNA expression with IUS exposure (measured using placental cotinine concentration). RNA was extracted and miRNA-sequencing was performed. We performed differential expression using IUS exposure, with covariate adjustment. We also considered the above model with an additional sex-by-IUS interaction term, allowing IUS effects to differ by male and female samples. Using paired gene expression profiles, we created sex-stratified miRNA-mRNA correlation networks predictive of IUS using DIABLO. We additionally evaluated whether miRNAs were associated with asthma and allergy outcomes in a cohort of childhood asthma. We profiled pseudoglandular lung miRNA in n = 298 samples, 139 (47%) of which had evidence of IUS exposure. Of 515 miRNAs, 25 were significantly associated with intrauterine smoke exposure (q-value < 0.10). The IUS associated miRNAs were correlated with well-known asthma genes (e.g., ORM1-Like Protein 3, ORDML3) and enriched in disease-relevant pathways (oxidative stress). Eleven IUS-miRNAs were also correlated with clinical measures (e.g., Immunoglobulin E andlungfunction) in children with asthma, further supporting their likely disease relevance. Lastly, we found substantial differences in IUS effects by sex, finding 95 significant IUS-miRNAs in male samples, but only four miRNAs in female samples. The miRNA-mRNA correlation networks were predictive of IUS (AUC = 0.78 in males and 0.86 in females) and suggested that IUS-miRNAs are involved in regulation of disease-relevant genes (e.g., A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 19 (ADAM19), LBH regulator of WNT signaling (LBH)) and sex hormone signaling (Coactivator associated methyltransferase 1(CARM1)). Our study demonstrated differential expression of miRNAs by IUS during early prenatal human lung development, which may be modified by sex. Based on their gene targets and correlation to clinical asthma and atopy outcomes, these IUS-miRNAs may be relevant for subsequent allergy and asthma risk. Our study provides insight into the impact of IUS in human fetal lung transcriptional networks and on the developmental origins of asthma and allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne Rosenberg
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Cuining Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rinku Sharma
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cheyret Wood
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | | | - Roger Gaedigk
- Children’s Mercy Hospital and Clinics, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Alvin T. Kho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John P. Ziniti
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Juan C. Celedón
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Kelan G. Tantisira
- Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Rady Children’s Hospital, University of California, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Scott T. Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael J. McGeachie
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katerina Kechris
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sunita Sharma
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Molina MF, Okoniewski W, Puranik S, Aujla S, Celedón JC, Larkin A, Forno E. Severe asthma in children: Description of a large multidisciplinary clinical cohort. Pediatr Pulmonol 2022; 57:1447-1455. [PMID: 35261210 PMCID: PMC9119906 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with severe asthma have substantial morbidity and healthcare utilization. Pediatric severe asthma is a heterogeneous disease, and a multidisciplinary approach can improve the diagnosis and management of these children. METHODS We reviewed the electronic health records for patients seen in the Severe Asthma Clinic (SAC) at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh between August 2012 and October 2019. RESULTS Of the 110 patients in whom we extracted data, 46% were female, 48% were Black/African American, and 41% had ≥1 admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) for asthma. Compared to patients without a PICU admission, those with ≥1 PICU admission were more likely to be non-White (64.4% vs. 41.5%, p = 0.031) and more atopic (eosinophil count geometric mean = 673 vs. 319 cells/mm3 , p = 0.002; total IgE geometric mean = 754 vs. 303 KU/L, p = 0.003), and to have lower pre-bronchodilator FEV1 (58.6% [±18.1%] vs. 69.9% [±18.7%], p = 0.002) and elevated FeNO (60% vs. 22%, p = 0.02). In this cohort, 84% of patients were prescribed high-dose ICS/LABA and 36% were on biologics. Following enrollment in the SAC, severe exacerbations decreased from 3.2/year to 2.2/year (p < 0.0001); compared to the year before joining the SAC, in the following year the group had 106 fewer severe exacerbations. CONCLUSIONS This large cohort of children with severe asthma had a high level of morbidity and healthcare utilization. Patients with a history of PICU admissions for asthma were more likely to be nonwhite and highly atopic, and to have lower lung function. Our data support a positive impact of a multidisciplinary clinic on patients with severe childhood asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Forero Molina
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - William Okoniewski
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sandeep Puranik
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Shean Aujla
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Juan C. Celedón
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Pediatric Asthma Center, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Allyson Larkin
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Pediatric Asthma Center, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Erick Forno
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Pediatric Asthma Center, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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11
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Idrose NS, Vicendese D, Peters RL, Koplin JJ, Douglass JA, Walters EH, Perret JL, Lowe AJ, Tang MLK, Newbigin EJ, Erbas B, Lodge CJ, Dharmage SC. Children With Food Allergy Are at Risk of Lower Lung Function on High-Pollen Days. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2022; 10:2144-2153.e10. [PMID: 35398553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grass pollen exposure is a risk factor for childhood asthma hospital attendances. However, its short-term influence on lung function, especially among those with other allergic conditions, has been less well-studied. OBJECTIVE To investigate this association in a population-based sample of children. METHODS Within the HealthNuts cohort, 641 children performed spirometry during the grass pollen season. Grass pollen concentration was considered on the day of testing (lag 0), up to 3 days before (lag 1-lag 3), and cumulatively (lag 0-3). We used linear regression to assess the relevant associations and examined potential interactions with current asthma, hay fever or eczema, and food allergy. RESULTS Associations were observed only in children with allergic disease (P value for interaction ≤ 0.1). In children with food allergy, grass pollen concentration was associated with a lower ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) and lower mid-forced expiratory flows (FEF25%-75%) at all lags (eg, at lag 2, FEV1/FVC z-score = -0.50 [95% CI -0.80 to -0.20] and FEF25%--75% z-score = -0.40 [-0.60 to -0.04] per 20 grains/m3 pollen increase), and increased bronchodilator responsiveness (BDR) at lag 2 and lag 3 (eg, at lag 2, BDR = (31 [95% CI -0.005 to 62] mL). In children with current asthma, increasing grass pollen concentration was associated with lower FEF25%-75% and increased BDR, whereas children with current hay fever or eczema had increased BDR only. CONCLUSIONS A proactive approach needs to be enforced to manage susceptible children, especially those with food allergy, before high-grass pollen days.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sabrina Idrose
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Don Vicendese
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel L Peters
- Centre for Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer J Koplin
- Centre for Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jo A Douglass
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - E Haydn Walters
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Perret
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adrian J Lowe
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mimi L K Tang
- Centre for Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Allergy and Immunology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ed J Newbigin
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bircan Erbas
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Caroline J Lodge
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shyamali C Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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12
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Lung Function Tests, Quality of Life and Telemedicine: Three Windows on the Multifaceted World of Asthma in Adolescents. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9040476. [PMID: 35455520 PMCID: PMC9026868 DOI: 10.3390/children9040476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease usually characterized by chronic airway inflammation and recognized as the most prevalent chronic illness among children. Despite this, the knowledge as to how asthma affects adolescents is still scarce. One of the main management problems of asthmatic adolescents is the poor adherence to pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. The assessment of respiratory function and the impact on quality of life are still two crucial challenges in the management of asthmatic adolescents. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has prompted physicians to explore complementary management strategies including telemedicine technologies. This review aims to provide an update on the contribution of respiratory functional tests, how asthma affects quality of life of adolescents and, finally, how telemedicine contributes to the management of adolescent asthmatics during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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13
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Keeping Pace with Adolescent Asthma: A Practical Approach to Optimizing Care. Pulm Ther 2021; 8:123-137. [PMID: 34743311 PMCID: PMC8571974 DOI: 10.1007/s41030-021-00177-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Known for their pre-occupation with body image, self-identity creation, peer acceptance, and risk-taking behaviors, adolescents with asthma face unique challenges. Asthma is a heterogeneous disease and accurate diagnosis requires assessment through detailed clinical history, examination, and objective tests. Diagnostic challenges exist as many adolescents can present with asthma-like symptoms but do not respond to asthma treatment and risk being mis-diagnosed. Under-recognition of asthma symptoms and denial of disease severity must also be addressed. The over-reliance on short-acting beta-agonists in the absence of anti-inflammatory therapy for asthma is now deemed unsafe. Adolescents with mild asthma benefit from symptom-driven treatment with combination inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and long-acting beta-agonist (LABA) on an as-required basis. For those with moderate-to-persistent asthma requiring daily controller therapy, maintenance and reliever therapy using the same ICS-LABA controller simplifies treatment regimes, while serving to reduce exacerbation risk. A developmentally staged approach based on factors affecting asthma control in early, middle, and late adolescence enables better understanding of the individual's therapeutic needs. Biological, psychological, and social factors help formulate a risk assessment profile in adolescents with difficult-to-treat and severe asthma. Smoking increases risks of developing asthma symptoms, lung function deterioration, and asthma exacerbations. Morbidity associated with e-cigarettes or vaping calls for robust efforts towards smoking and vaping cessation and abstinence. As adolescents progress from child-centered to adult-oriented care, coordination and planning are required to improve their self-efficacy to ready them for transition. Frequent flare-ups of asthma can delay academic attainment and adversely affect social and physical development. In tandem with healthcare providers, community and schools can link up to help shoulder this burden, optimizing care for adolescents with asthma.
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14
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Zhu W, Liu C, Sha L, Guan K, Li S, Shao M, Zhao J, Chen Y. Atypical asthma in children who present with isolated chest tightness: risk factors and clinical features. J Asthma 2021; 59:1952-1960. [PMID: 34559035 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2021.1980583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Asthmatic children presenting with chest tightness as the only symptom have not been widely recognized. This study attempted to find risk factors, summarize clinical features and offer some suggestions for the diagnosis of this atypical asthma.Methods: We studied 94 children, aged 6 to 14 years, who complained only of chest tightness. Data from clinical manifestations and laboratory tests were analyzed. The atypical asthma group (n = 58) showed positive bronchial challenge tests, and symptoms either improved or resolved in response to the bronchodilator. The control group (n = 36) had negative results on the bronchial challenge, diurnal PEF, and BDR tests, and no response to asthma treatment with bronchodilator.Results: Pollution, weather, recent house renovation, and air-conditioning use may be risk factors for children with atypical asthma. These children had more accompanying symptoms of rhinitis and rhinitis family history (P < 0.05), and a higher positive detection rate of inhaled allergens and multiple sensitizations. Parameters of the pulmonary function test were lower in the atypical asthma group than in the control group, and they also had higher FeNO values. If a cutoff value of improvement in FEV1 of BDR were set at 8.9%, sensitivity would be 48.2%, which is higher than a 12% cutoff.Conclusions: Environmental factors appeared to cause development of the isolated chest tightness symptom. Clinical history and laboratory tests could provide partial values for this diagnosis. In the absence of a bronchial challenge test, a margin of improvement in FEV1 of BDR set at 8.9% may be helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhu
- Allergy Department, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanhe Liu
- Allergy Department, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Li Sha
- Allergy Department, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Guan
- Department of Allergy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Allergy Department, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjun Shao
- Allergy Department, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Allergy Department, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzhi Chen
- Allergy Department, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
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15
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Aris IM, Sordillo JE, Rifas-Shiman SL, Young JG, Gold DR, Camargo CA, Hivert MF, Oken E. Childhood patterns of overweight and wheeze and subsequent risk of current asthma and obesity in adolescence. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2021; 35:569-577. [PMID: 33749887 PMCID: PMC8380670 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and asthma in childhood often co-occur. Few studies have examined this relationship using repeated measures of body mass index (BMI) or asthma symptoms (such as wheeze). OBJECTIVE We compared two analytic approaches for repeated measures data to investigate this relationship. METHODS Our baseline sample consisted of 1277 children enrolled in a Boston-area cohort with BMI or wheeze at age 1 year and no missing covariates. We used latent class growth models (LCGM) and inverse probability weighting (IPW) of marginal structural models to examine the extent to which presence of overweight across childhood was associated with early adolescent current asthma, and conversely of repeated measures of wheeze across childhood with early adolescent obesity. RESULTS Using LCGM, a "persistent" childhood overweight class (vs "never") was associated with higher risk of asthma in early adolescence (RR 1.9; 95% CI 1.1, 3.0), while "persistent" childhood wheeze (vs "never") was associated with higher risk of obesity in early adolescence (RR 2.7; 95% CI 1.0, 6.4) after adjusting for baseline covariates. An IPW analysis treating childhood overweight and wheeze as time-varying exposures and adjusting for baseline and time-varying covariates resulted in weaker and less precise associations of "persistent" (vs "never") overweight with adolescent asthma (RR 1.3; 95% CI 0.3, 3.0), and of "persistent" (vs "never") wheeze with adolescent obesity (RR 2.3; 95% CI 0.4, 5.3). CONCLUSION Our point estimates from both approaches suggest an association between "persistent" childhood overweight and adolescent asthma, and between "persistent" childhood wheeze and adolescent obesity. LCGM results were stronger and more precise, whereas IPW results were less conclusive with wider 95% confidence intervals containing the null. The precision gained from LCGM may be at the expense of bias, and the use of both approaches helps to shed some light on this tradeoff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izzuddin M Aris
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joanne E Sordillo
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica G Young
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diane R Gold
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carlos A Camargo
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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16
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Hernandez-Pacheco N, Gorenjak M, Li J, Repnik K, Vijverberg SJ, Berce V, Jorgensen A, Karimi L, Schieck M, Samedy-Bates LA, Tavendale R, Villar J, Mukhopadhyay S, Pirmohamed M, Verhamme KMC, Kabesch M, Hawcutt DB, Turner S, Palmer CN, Tantisira KG, Burchard EG, Maitland-van der Zee AH, Flores C, Potočnik U, Pino-Yanes M. Identification of ROBO2 as a Potential Locus Associated with Inhaled Corticosteroid Response in Childhood Asthma. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11080733. [PMID: 34442380 PMCID: PMC8399629 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11080733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the most common asthma controller medication. An important contribution of genetic factors in ICS response has been evidenced. Here, we aimed to identify novel genetic markers involved in ICS response in asthma. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the change in lung function after 6 weeks of ICS treatment was performed in 166 asthma patients from the SLOVENIA study. Patients with an improvement in lung function ≥8% were considered as ICS responders. Suggestively associated variants (p-value ≤ 5 × 10−6) were evaluated in an independent study (n = 175). Validation of the association with asthma exacerbations despite ICS use was attempted in European (n = 2681) and admixed (n = 1347) populations. Variants previously associated with ICS response were also assessed for replication. As a result, the SNP rs1166980 from the ROBO2 gene was suggestively associated with the change in lung function (OR for G allele: 7.01, 95% CI: 3.29–14.93, p = 4.61 × 10−7), although this was not validated in CAMP. ROBO2 showed gene-level evidence of replication with asthma exacerbations despite ICS use in Europeans (minimum p-value = 1.44 × 10−5), but not in admixed individuals. The association of PDE10A-T with ICS response described by a previous study was validated. This study suggests that ROBO2 could be a potential novel locus for ICS response in Europeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Hernandez-Pacheco
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, Carretera General del Rosario 145, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
- Genomics and Health Group, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, Faculty of Science, Apartado 456, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain;
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avenida de Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (N.H.-P.); (U.P.); Tel.: +46-0702983315 (N.H.-P.); +386-22345854 (U.P.)
| | - Mario Gorenjak
- Center for Human Molecular Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (M.G.); (K.R.); (V.B.)
| | - Jiang Li
- The Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.L.); (K.G.T.)
| | - Katja Repnik
- Center for Human Molecular Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (M.G.); (K.R.); (V.B.)
- Laboratory for Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Genomics, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Susanne J. Vijverberg
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.J.V.); (A.H.M.-v.d.Z.)
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Emma’s Children Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vojko Berce
- Center for Human Molecular Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (M.G.); (K.R.); (V.B.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska Ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Andrea Jorgensen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK;
| | - Leila Karimi
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (L.K.); (K.M.C.V.)
| | - Maximilian Schieck
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy, University Children’s Hospital Regensburg (KUNO), Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.S.); (M.K.)
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Lesly-Anne Samedy-Bates
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (L.-A.S.-B.); (E.G.B.)
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, 533 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Roger Tavendale
- Population Pharmacogenetics Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital, and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK; (R.T.); (S.M.); (C.N.P.)
| | - Jesús Villar
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avenida de Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Multidisciplinary Organ Dysfunction Evaluation Research Network, Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín, Calle Barranco de la Ballena s/n, 35019 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, 30 Bond St, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Somnath Mukhopadhyay
- Population Pharmacogenetics Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital, and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK; (R.T.); (S.M.); (C.N.P.)
- Academic Department of Paediatrics, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Royal Alexandra Children’s Hospital, 94 N-S Rd, Falmer, Brighton BN2 5BE, UK
| | - Munir Pirmohamed
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, 200 London Rd, Liverpool L3 9TA, UK;
| | - Katia M. C. Verhamme
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (L.K.); (K.M.C.V.)
| | - Michael Kabesch
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy, University Children’s Hospital Regensburg (KUNO), Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Daniel B. Hawcutt
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK;
- Alder Hey Children’s Hospital, E Prescot Rd, Liverpool L14 5AB, UK
| | - Steve Turner
- Child Health, University of Aberdeen, King’s College, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, UK;
| | - Colin N. Palmer
- Population Pharmacogenetics Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital, and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK; (R.T.); (S.M.); (C.N.P.)
| | - Kelan G. Tantisira
- The Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.L.); (K.G.T.)
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Esteban G. Burchard
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (L.-A.S.-B.); (E.G.B.)
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, 533 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Anke H. Maitland-van der Zee
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.J.V.); (A.H.M.-v.d.Z.)
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Emma’s Children Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Flores
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, Carretera General del Rosario 145, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avenida de Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Polígono Industrial de Granadilla, 38600 Granadilla, Spain
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB), Universidad de La Laguna, Faculty of Health Sciences, Apartado 456, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Uroš Potočnik
- Center for Human Molecular Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (M.G.); (K.R.); (V.B.)
- Laboratory for Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Genomics, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Correspondence: (N.H.-P.); (U.P.); Tel.: +46-0702983315 (N.H.-P.); +386-22345854 (U.P.)
| | - Maria Pino-Yanes
- Genomics and Health Group, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, Faculty of Science, Apartado 456, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain;
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avenida de Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB), Universidad de La Laguna, Faculty of Health Sciences, Apartado 456, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
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17
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Hopp RJ, Wilson M, Pasha MA. A compendium and review of pediatric pulmonary function testing assessment opportunities for asthma. J Asthma 2021; 59:1584-1589. [PMID: 34111364 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2021.1941094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Standard spirograms are widely used in the respiratory disease management community to help diagnosis asthma and provide longitudinal information. Surprisingly, basic information obtained on the spirogram, beyond the FEV1 and change in FEV1 after bronchodilator is underutilized. We reviewed information on pulmonary function and bronchodilator response in children since 2016. We present here a discussion of other element of the standard spirogram that can be used for pediatric asthma management.Methods: Medline search of pulmonary function, children, adolescents, bronchodilator reversibility, small airway disease, small airway function, asthma, airflow limitation, bronchodilator response. Studies since 2016 that provide information on normal or asthmatic children bronchodilator response, and/or small airway or pulmonary function values after albuterol. RESULTS Limited data has been published on FEV1 bronchodilator response in children since 2016. Other parameters of the pulmonary function test in children have had recent documentation. CONCLUSIONS New data on FEV1 bronchodilator response in normal children is limited since 2016. However, other details of pulmonary function interpretation in asthmatic children has had considerable attention, and are reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell J Hopp
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center and Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mark Wilson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center and Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - M Asghar Pasha
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
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18
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Pharmacogenetic Polygenic Risk Score for Bronchodilator Response in Children and Adolescents with Asthma: Proof-of-Concept. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11040319. [PMID: 33923870 PMCID: PMC8073919 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11040319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of response to asthma medications have primarily focused on Caucasian populations, with findings that may not be generalizable to minority populations. We derived a polygenic risk score (PRS) for response to albuterol as measured by bronchodilator response (BDR), and examined the PRS in a cohort of Hispanic school-aged children with asthma. We leveraged a published GWAS of BDR to identify relevant genetic variants, and ranked the top variants according to their Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion (CADD) scores. Variants with CADD scores greater than 10 were used to compute the PRS. Once we derived the PRS, we determined the association of the PRS with BDR in a cohort of Hispanic children with asthma (the Genetics of Asthma in Costa Rica Study (GACRS)) in adjusted linear regression models. Mean BDR in GACRS participants was5.6% with a standard deviation of 10.2%. We observed a 0.63% decrease in BDR in response to albuterol for a standard deviation increase in the PRS (p = 0.05). We also observed decreased odds of a BDR response at or above the 12% threshold for a one standard deviation increase in the PRS (OR = 0.80 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.95)). Our findings show that combining variants from a pharmacogenetic GWAS into a PRS may be useful for predicting medication response in asthma.
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19
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Gaillard EA, Kuehni CE, Turner S, Goutaki M, Holden KA, de Jong CCM, Lex C, Lo DKH, Lucas JS, Midulla F, Mozun R, Piacentini G, Rigau D, Rottier B, Thomas M, Tonia T, Usemann J, Yilmaz O, Zacharasiewicz A, Moeller A. European Respiratory Society clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis of asthma in children aged 5-16 years. Eur Respir J 2021; 58:13993003.04173-2020. [PMID: 33863747 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.04173-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosing asthma in children represents an important clinical challenge. There is no single gold standard test to confirm the diagnosis. Consequently, both over-, and under-diagnosis of asthma are frequent in children.A Task Force (TF) supported by the European Respiratory Society has developed these evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis of asthma in children aged 5-16 years using nine PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparator and Outcome) questions. The TF conducted systematic literature searches for all PICO questions and screened the outputs from these, including relevant full text articles. All TF members approved the final decision for inclusion of research papers. The TF assessed the quality of the evidence using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach.The TF then developed a diagnostic algorithm based on the critical appraisal of the PICO questions, preferences expressed by lay members and test availability. Proposed cut-offs were determined based on the best available evidence. The TF formulated recommendations using the GRADE Evidence to Decision framework.Based on the critical appraisal of the evidence and the Evidence to Decision Framework the TF recommends spirometry, bronchodilator reversibility testing and FeNO as first line diagnostic tests in children under investigation for asthma. The TF recommends against diagnosing asthma in children based on clinical history alone or following a single abnormal objective test. Finally, this guideline also proposes a set of research priorities to improve asthma diagnosis in children in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erol A Gaillard
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (Respiratory theme), University of Leicester, Leicester, UK .,Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Leicester Children's Hospital, University Hospitals Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Claudia E Kuehni
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Children's University Children's Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Steve Turner
- Child Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Myrofora Goutaki
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Children's University Children's Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Karl A Holden
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (Respiratory theme), University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Carmen C M de Jong
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Lex
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Neonatology with Paediatric Pulmonology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - David K H Lo
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (Respiratory theme), University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Leicester Children's Hospital, University Hospitals Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jane S Lucas
- Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Centre, National Institute for Health Research, Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Fabio Midulla
- Maternal-Science Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rebeca Mozun
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giorgio Piacentini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - David Rigau
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bart Rottier
- Department of Paediatric Pulmonology and Paediatric Allergology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mike Thomas
- Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education (PPM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Thomy Tonia
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Usemann
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Children's Hospital Zuerich and Childhood Research Center, Zuerich, Switzerland
| | - Ozge Yilmaz
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Angela Zacharasiewicz
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Wilhelminenspital, Teaching Hospital of the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Moeller
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Children's Hospital Zuerich and Childhood Research Center, Zuerich, Switzerland
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20
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Guezguez F, Knaz H, Anane I, Bougrida M, Ben Saad H. The 'clinically significant' bronchodilator responsiveness (BDR) in children: a comparative study between six definitions of scholarly societies and a mini-review. Expert Rev Respir Med 2021; 15:823-832. [PMID: 33750253 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2021.1906653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To compare the percentages of children with and without airway obstruction (obstructive and non-obstructive groups, respectively) presenting a 'clinically significant' BDR according to the following definitions: GINA: FEV1 increase >12% predicted (∆Predicted), ATS/ERS: FEV1 increase ≥12% initial (∆Initial) and ∆FEV1 absolute (∆) ≥200 ml and/or ∆FVCInitial ≥12% and ∆FVC ≥200 ml, British thoracic society (BTS): ∆FEV1Initial ≥12%, National asthma education and prevention program (NAEPP): ∆FEV1Initial ≥12% and ∆FEV1 > 200 ml, Group of research on advances in pediatric pneumology: ∆FEV1Initial ≥12% or ∆PEFInitial ≥20%, and South African thoracic society (SATS): ∆FEV1Initial ≥12% or ∆FEV1 >200 ml and/or ∆FVCInitial ≥12% or ∆FVC >200 ml.Methods: This was a multicenter comparative study involving 278 children aged 6 to16 years: obstructive group (FEV1/FVC < lower-limit-of-normal, n = 116) and non-obstructive group (FEV1/FVC ≥ lower-limit-of-normal, n = 162). Spirometry was performed before/after a bronchodilator test. The Cochrane Q test was used to compare the percentage of responders according to the six definitions.Results: The percentages of responders among the obstructive [ranging from 51.72 (NAEPP) to 74.14% (SATS)] and the non-obstructive [ranging from 0.62 (NAEPP, BTS) to 8.64% (SATS)] groups were definition-dependent.Conclusion: In children, a 'clinically significant' BDR is definition-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Guezguez
- Laboratory of Physiology and Functional Explorations, Farhat HACHED Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.,Heart Failure (LR12SP09) Research Laboratory, Farhat HACHED Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.,Université De Sousse. Faculté De Médicine De Sousse. Laboratoire De Physiologie, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Hend Knaz
- Laboratory of Physiology and Functional Explorations, Farhat HACHED Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.,Heart Failure (LR12SP09) Research Laboratory, Farhat HACHED Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.,Université De Sousse. Faculté De Médicine De Sousse. Laboratoire De Physiologie, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Ichraf Anane
- Laboratory of Physiology and Functional Explorations, Farhat HACHED Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.,Heart Failure (LR12SP09) Research Laboratory, Farhat HACHED Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.,Université De Sousse. Faculté De Médicine De Sousse. Laboratoire De Physiologie, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Bougrida
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Functional Explorations, BEN BADIS Hospital, Constantine, Algeria.,Département De Physiologie. Faculté De Médecine De Constantine, Université Constantine 3, Algérie
| | - Helmi Ben Saad
- Laboratory of Physiology and Functional Explorations, Farhat HACHED Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.,Heart Failure (LR12SP09) Research Laboratory, Farhat HACHED Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.,Université De Sousse. Faculté De Médicine De Sousse. Laboratoire De Physiologie, Sousse, Tunisia
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21
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Fainardi V, Esposito S, Chetta A, Pisi G. Asthma phenotypes and endotypes in childhood. Minerva Med 2021; 113:94-105. [PMID: 33576199 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.21.07332-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a very heterogeneous disease and since early childhood many classifications have been proposed according to phenotype and endotype. The phenotype includes the clinical features of asthma such as age of onset, triggers, comorbidities, response to treatment and evolution over time. The endotype is more difficult to define, includes the underlying immunopathological mechanisms of the disease and requires reliable biomarkers. A deep knowledge of phenotype and endotype of the patient may guide a tailored therapeutic approach. In this review the main phenotypes and endotypes of asthma acknowledged in children will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Fainardi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children's Hospital, University of Parma, Italy -
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children's Hospital, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Alfredo Chetta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanna Pisi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children's Hospital, University of Parma, Italy
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22
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Turturice BA, Theorell J, Koenig MD, Tussing-Humphreys L, Gold DR, Litonjua AA, Oken E, Rifas-Shiman SL, Perkins DL, Finn PW. Perinatal granulopoiesis and risk of pediatric asthma. eLife 2021; 10:e63745. [PMID: 33565964 PMCID: PMC7889076 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There are perinatal characteristics, such as gestational age, reproducibly associated with the risk for pediatric asthma. Identification of biologic processes influenced by these characteristics could facilitate risk stratification or new therapeutic targets. We hypothesized that transcriptional changes associated with multiple epidemiologic risk factors would be mediators of pediatric asthma risk. Using publicly available transcriptomic data from cord blood mononuclear cells, transcription of genes involved in myeloid differentiation was observed to be inversely associated with a pediatric asthma risk stratification based on multiple perinatal risk factors. This gene signature was validated in an independent prospective cohort and was specifically associated with genes localizing to neutrophil-specific granules. Further validation demonstrated that umbilical cord blood serum concentration of PGLYRP-1, a specific granule protein, was inversely associated with mid-childhood current asthma and early-teen FEV1/FVCx100. Thus, neutrophil-specific granule abundance at birth predicts risk for pediatric asthma and pulmonary function in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Turturice
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of IllinoisChicagoUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of IllinoisChicagoUnited States
| | - Juliana Theorell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of IllinoisChicagoUnited States
| | - Mary Dawn Koenig
- Department of Women, Children and Family Health Science, College of Nursing, University of IllinoisChicagoUnited States
| | | | - Diane R Gold
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
| | - Augusto A Litonjua
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of RochesterRochesterUnited States
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Life Course, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care InstituteBostonUnited States
| | - Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Life Course, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care InstituteBostonUnited States
| | - David L Perkins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of IllinoisChicagoUnited States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of IllinoisChicagoUnited States
| | - Patricia W Finn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of IllinoisChicagoUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of IllinoisChicagoUnited States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of IllinoisChicagoUnited States
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23
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Sottile G, Ferrante G, Cilluffo G, Fasola S, Malizia V, Muggeo VM, Viegi G, La Grutta S. A model-based approach for assessing bronchodilator responsiveness in children: The conventional cutoff revisited. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:769-772.e10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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24
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Rama TA, Martins C, Paciência I, Cavaleiro Rufo J, Silva D, Castro Mendes F, Severo M, Padrão P, Moreira P, Delgado L, Moreira A. Bronchodilator responsiveness in healthy children: Insights from a cross-sectional study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2021; 32:371-373. [PMID: 32748993 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Azenha Rama
- Immunoallergology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal.,Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Martins
- Immunoallergology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Paciência
- Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Epidemiology Research Unit, Institute of Public Health (EPIUnit), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Cavaleiro Rufo
- Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Epidemiology Research Unit, Institute of Public Health (EPIUnit), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Silva
- Immunoallergology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal.,Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Castro Mendes
- Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Epidemiology Research Unit, Institute of Public Health (EPIUnit), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Milton Severo
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Institute of Public Health (EPIUnit), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Padrão
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Moreira
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Delgado
- Immunoallergology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal.,Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - André Moreira
- Immunoallergology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal.,Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Epidemiology Research Unit, Institute of Public Health (EPIUnit), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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25
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Almeshari MA, Stockley J, Sapey E. The diagnosis of asthma. Can physiological tests of small airways function help? Chron Respir Dis 2021; 18:14799731211053332. [PMID: 34693751 PMCID: PMC8543738 DOI: 10.1177/14799731211053332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a common, chronic, and heterogeneous disease with a global impact and substantial economic costs. It is also associated with significant mortality and morbidity and the burden of undiagnosed asthma is significant. Asthma can be difficult to diagnose as there is no gold standard test and, while spirometry is central in diagnosing asthma, it may not be sufficient to confirm or exclude the diagnosis. The most commonly reported spirometric measures (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity assess function in the larger airways. However, small airway dysfunction is highly prevalent in asthma and some studies suggest small airway involvement is one of the earliest disease manifestations. Moreover, there are new inhaled therapies with ultrafine particles that are specifically designed to target the small airways. Potentially, tests of small airways may more accurately diagnose early or mild asthma and assess the response to treatment than spirometry. Furthermore, some assessment techniques do not rely on forced ventilatory manoeuvres and may, therefore, be easier for certain groups to perform. This review discusses the current evidence of small airways tests in asthma and future research that may be needed to further assess their utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Almeshari
- Rehabilitation Health Sciences
Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Institute of Inflammation and
Ageing, University of
Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Mohammed A. Almeshari, Institute of
Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B152TT,
UK.
| | - James Stockley
- Department of Lung Function and
Sleep, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS
Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Elizabeth Sapey
- Institute of Inflammation and
Ageing, University of
Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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26
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Feng Y, Yang Q, Shang Y. "Poor Effort" Does Not Account for Reduced Forced Vital Capacity in Asthmatic Children. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:596384. [PMID: 34113583 PMCID: PMC8185061 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.596384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Poor forced vital capacity (FVC) effort has been considered to be the main reason for FVC reduction by the ATS/ERS guideline; however, this has rarely been mentioned in previous studies. The present study aims to determine whether reduced FVC in asthmatic children is correlated to poor FVC effort. Methods: A total of 209 asthmatic children within 5-13 years old were included and divided into reduced FVC ("restricted," n = 66) and typical obstruction group ("obstructed," n = 143). Forced expiratory flows before and after bronchodilation were recorded in asthmatic children. The differences in clinical characteristics, spirometric results, FVC effort, and bronchodilator response were compared between two groups. Exhalation time (ET) was divided into effective ET (ETe) and plateau ET (ETp) by the start point of exhalation plateau on the time-volume curve. FVC effort was assessed by ET, ETp, and back extrapolated volume (EV)/FVC (%). Results: Asthmatic children in the restricted group had significantly higher slow vital capacity (SVC)/FVC (%), higher EV/FVC (%), shorter ET, shorter ETe, and longer ETp, when compared with those with obstructed. In the obstructed group, ET (r = 0.201, P = 0.016) and ETe (r = 0.496, P < 0.001) positively correlated with FVC, and ETp (r = -0.224, P = 0.007) negatively correlated with FVC. In the restricted group, FVC positively correlated with ETe (r = 0.350, P = 0.004) but not ET and ETp. FVC z-score significantly correlated with total IgE (n = 51, r = -0.349, P = 0.012) and with FEF25-75% z-score (n = 66, r = 0.531, P < 0.001) in the restricted group. The further logistic regression revealed that the risk of restricted increased by 1.12 (95% CI, 1.04-1.22, P = 0.005) with every 1% increase in %ΔFVC. In subjects with restricted and bronchodilation tests, %ΔFVC was significantly associated with FeNO (n = 29, r = 0.386, P = 0.039), FEF25-75% z-score (n = 29, r = -0.472, P = 0.010), and SVC/FVC (%) (n = 19, r = 0.477, P = 0.039) but not with EV/FVC (%), ET, ETe, or ETp (P > 0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggested that "poor FVC effort" does not account for the FVC reduction in asthmatic children. Short ET and high SVC/FVC (%) are characteristics of reduced FVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Que Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yunxiao Shang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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27
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Greiwe J, Cooke A, Nanda A, Epstein SZ, Wasan AN, Shepard KV, Capão-Filipe M, Nish A, Rubin M, Gregory KL, Dass K, Blessing-Moore J, Randolph C. Work Group Report: Perspectives in Diagnosis and Management of Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction in Athletes. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2020; 8:2542-2555. [PMID: 32636147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, otherwise known as exercise-induced bronchoconstriction with asthma or without asthma, is an acute airway narrowing that occurs as a result of exercise and can occur in patients with asthma. A panel of members from the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Sports, Exercise, & Fitness Committee reviewed the diagnosis and management of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in athletes of all skill levels including recreational athletes, high school and college athletes, and professional athletes. A special emphasis was placed on the recommendations and regulations set forth by professional athletic organizations after a detailed review of their collective bargaining agreements, substance abuse policies, antidoping program manuals, and the World Anti-Doping Agency antidoping code. The recommendations in this review are based on currently available evidence in addition to providing guidance for athletes of all skill levels as well as their treating physicians to better understand which pharmaceutical and nonpharmaceutical management options are appropriate as well as which medications are permitted or prohibited, and the proper documentation required to remain compliant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Greiwe
- Bernstein Allergy Group Inc, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Immunology/Allergy Section, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
| | - Andrew Cooke
- Lake Allergy, Asthma & Immunology PA, Tavares, Fla
| | - Anil Nanda
- Asthma and Allergy Center, Lewisville and Flower Mound, Texas; Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | | | - Kirk V Shepard
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine and James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Fla
| | | | - Andy Nish
- Northeast Georgia Physician's Group Allergy and Asthma, Gainesville, Ga
| | - Mark Rubin
- Asthma and COPD Emmi Solutions, Chicago, Ill; CME Education Program Steering Committee, The France Foundation, Old Lyme, Conn
| | - Karen L Gregory
- Oklahoma Allergy and Asthma Clinic, Oklahoma City, Okla; School of Nursing and Health Studies, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Kathleen Dass
- Michigan Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Center PLLC, Oak Park, Mich; Division of Immunology/Allergy Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Oakland University William Beaumont Hospital, Rochester, Mich
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28
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Seppä VP, Paassilta M, Kivistö J, Hult A, Viik J, Gracia-Tabuenca J, Karjalainen J. Reduced expiratory variability index (EVI) is associated with controller medication withdrawal and symptoms in wheezy children aged 1-5 years. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2020; 31:489-495. [PMID: 32068911 PMCID: PMC7497189 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung function testing is an essential part of diagnostic workup and monitoring of asthma, but young children are lacking easy, routine testing methods. However, recent discoveries show reduced tidal breathing variability measured using impedance pneumography (IP) at home during sleep as a sign of airway obstruction. In this study, we assessed (a) the discriminative capacity of expiratory variability index (EVI) between healthy controls and young children with recurrent wheeze on-and-off controller medication, (b) association between EVI and parentally perceived obstructive symptoms (need for bronchodilator) and (c) measurement success rate. METHODS We included 68 patients (aged 1.0-5.6) and 40 healthy controls (aged 1.0-5.9 years). The patients were prescribed a three-month inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) treatment due to recurrent obstructive bronchitis. We measured EVI using IP at home at the end of the treatment (0W) and 2 (2W) and 4 (4W) weeks after ICS withdrawal. RESULTS EVI was higher in controls than in patients, and significant within-patient reduction occurred at 4W as compared to 2W or 0W. Area under curve of the ROC curve (controls vs all patients) at 4W was 0.78 (95% CI 0.70-0.85). Children who were administered bronchodilator by parental decision had lower EVI than those without bronchodilator need at 4W, but not at 0W or 2W. Patients with parent-reported airway infection, but no bronchodilator need, had normal EVI. Measurement success rate was 94%. CONCLUSION EVI was lower in patients than in controls and it reduced further after controller medication withdrawal, especially in the presence of parentally perceived wheeze symptoms. This technique shows a significant potential for routine lung function testing of wheezy young children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marita Paassilta
- Allergy Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juho Kivistö
- Allergy Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Jari Viik
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Jussi Karjalainen
- Allergy Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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29
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de Jong CCM, Pedersen ESL, Mozun R, Goutaki M, Trachsel D, Barben J, Kuehni CE. A clinically significant bronchodilator response in children: how should it be measured? Eur Respir J 2020; 55:55/5/2000636. [PMID: 32381634 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00636-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen C M de Jong
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eva S L Pedersen
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - R Mozun
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Myrofora Goutaki
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Children's University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Trachsel
- Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Children's University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Juerg Barben
- Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Claudia E Kuehni
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland .,Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Children's University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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30
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Mallol J, Riquelme C, Aguirre V, Martínez M, Gallardo A, Sánchez C, Córdova P. Value of bronchial reversibility to salbutamol, exhaled nitric oxide and responsiveness to methacholine to corroborate the diagnosis of asthma in children. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2020; 48:214-222. [PMID: 32046866 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Functional and inflammatory measures have been recommended to corroborate asthma diagnosis in schoolchildren, but the evidence in this regard is conflicting. We aimed to determine, in real-life clinical situation, the value of spirometry, spirometric bronchial reversibility to salbutamol (BDR), bronchial responsiveness to methacholine (MCT) and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO), to corroborate the diagnosis of asthma in children on regular inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) referred from primary care. METHODS One hundred and seventy-seven schoolchildren with mild-moderate persistent asthma, on treatment with regular ICS, participated in the study. Abnormal tests were defined as FENO ≥ 27 ppb, BDR (FEV1 ≥ 12%) and methacholine PC20 ≤ 4 mg/mL. RESULTS The proportions of positive BDR, FENO and MCT, were 16.4%, 33.3%, and 87.0%, respectively. MCT was associated with FENO (p < 0.03) and BDR (p = 0.001); FENO was associated with BDR (p = 0.045), family history of asthma (p = 0.003) and use of asthma medication in the first two years of life (p = 0.004). BDR was significantly related with passive tobacco exposure (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Spirometry, BDR and BDR had a poor performance for corroborating diagnosis in our asthmatic children on ICS treatment; on the contrary, MCT was positive in most of them, which agrees with previous reports. Although asthma tests are useful to corroborate asthma when positive, clinical diagnosis remains the best current approach for asthma diagnosis, at least while better objective and feasible measurements at the daily practice are available. At present, these tests may have a better role for assessing the management and progression of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Mallol
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Hospital CRS El Pino, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Chile.
| | - Carlos Riquelme
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Hospital CRS El Pino, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Chile.
| | - Viviana Aguirre
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Hospital CRS El Pino, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Chile.
| | - Marcela Martínez
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Hospital CRS El Pino, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Chile.
| | - Alejandro Gallardo
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Hospital CRS El Pino, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Chile.
| | - Carlos Sánchez
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Hospital CRS El Pino, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Chile.
| | - Pablo Córdova
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Hospital CRS El Pino, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Chile.
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31
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The role of objective tests to support a diagnosis of asthma in children. Paediatr Respir Rev 2020; 33:52-57. [PMID: 30954449 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In many healthcare settings asthma in children is a clinical diagnosis based on parental reported symptoms. These include intermittent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness and periodic nocturnal dry cough. Increased symptoms often coincide with colds. Confirming a diagnosis of asthma in children can be difficult and recent reports highlight that misdiagnosis, including over- and under-diagnosis of asthma are common. Recent UK National Institute of Health and Care Excellence guidelines recommend diagnostic algorithms for children from five years and adults to support a clinical suspicion of asthma. Spirometry, bronchodilator reversibility and fractional exhaled nitric oxide testing are the first line tests to diagnose asthma in children. The introduction of these tests across all healthcare settings has the potential to reduce misdiagnosis, improve asthma management and reduce healthcare spending for asthma.
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32
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Silva D, Severo M, Paciência I, Rufo J, Martins C, Moreira P, Padrão P, Delgado L, Moreira A. Setting definitions of childhood asthma in epidemiologic studies. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2019; 30:708-715. [PMID: 31322788 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The definitions of childhood asthma differ among epidemiological studies. We aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy and agreement of previous asthma definitions and to evaluate questionnaire-driven asthma definition patterns. METHODS Data on 808 participants aged 7-12 years from 20 schools were analyzed. Asthma definitions based on symptoms assessed by questionnaire, parent-reported medical asthma diagnosis, current use of asthma medication, airway reversibility after bronchodilatation, and increased (≥35 ppb) levels of exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) were compared with a gold standard (medical diagnosis of asthma with asthma symptoms in the past 12 months and/or airway reversibility). Concordance was assessed by Cohen's kappa. Data-driven analysis was applied to the questionnaire, and six scores were determined "asthma," "rhinitis," "cough," "non-specific respiratory symptoms," "treated asthma," and "uncontrolled asthma." Tree decisions were built using these scores. RESULTS Definitions of asthma based on respiratory symptoms, airway reversibility, and parent-reported medical diagnosis had a low sensitivity but high specificity. Agreement between reported and objective measures was poor. Parent-reported medical asthma diagnosis, but not reversibility or eNO, was able to predict questionnaire-driven symptom patterns. Decision trees indicated that those with recent non-specific respiratory symptoms had a higher probability of positive bronchodilation. CONCLUSION A standardized operational definition of asthma should include a composite score based on reported asthma medical diagnosis, symptoms, and lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Silva
- Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, E.P.E., Porto, Portugal.,Basic and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Milton Severo
- EPI Unit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Paciência
- EPI Unit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Management (INEGI), Porto, Portugal
| | - João Rufo
- EPI Unit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Martins
- Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, E.P.E., Porto, Portugal.,Basic and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Moreira
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Padrão
- EPI Unit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Delgado
- Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, E.P.E., Porto, Portugal.,Basic and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - André Moreira
- Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, E.P.E., Porto, Portugal.,Basic and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,EPI Unit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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33
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Coverstone AM, Bacharier LB, Wilson BS, Fitzpatrick AM, Teague WG, Phipatanakul W, Wenzel SE, Gaston BM, Bleecker ER, Moore WC, Ramratnam S, Jarjour NN, Ly NP, Fahy JV, Mauger DT, Schechtman KB, Yin-DeClue H, Boomer JS, Castro M. Clinical significance of the bronchodilator response in children with severe asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol 2019; 54:1694-1703. [PMID: 31424170 PMCID: PMC7015037 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our objective was to determine those characteristics associated with reversibility of airflow obstruction and response to maximal bronchodilation in children with severe asthma through the Severe Asthma Research Program (SARP). METHODS We performed a cross-sectional analysis evaluating children ages 6 to 17 years with nonsevere asthma (NSA) and severe asthma (SA). Participants underwent spirometry before and after 180 µg of albuterol to determine reversibility (≥12% increase in FEV1 ). Participants were then given escalating doses up to 720 µg of albuterol to determine their maximum reversibility. RESULTS We evaluated 230 children (n = 129 SA, n = 101 NSA) from five centers across the United States in the SARP I and II cohorts. SA (odds ratio [OR], 2.08, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-4.13), second-hand smoke exposure (OR, 2.81, 95%CI, 1.23-6.43), and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO; OR, 1.97, 95%CI, 1.35-2.87) were associated with increased odds of airway reversibility after maximal bronchodilation, while higher prebronchodilator (BD) FEV1 % predicted (OR, 0.91, 95%CI, 0.88-0.94) was associated with decreased odds. In an analysis using the SARP III cohort (n = 186), blood neutrophils, immunoglobulin E (IgE), and FEV1 % predicted were significantly associated with BD reversibility. In addition, children with BD response have greater healthcare utilization. BD reversibility was associated with reduced lung function at enrollment and 1-year follow-up though less decline in lung function over 1 year compared to those without reversibility. CONCLUSIONS Lung function, that is FEV1 % predicted, is a predictor of BD response in children with asthma. Additionally, smoke exposure, higher FeNO or IgE level, and low peripheral blood neutrophils are associated with a greater likelihood of BD reversibility. BD response can identify a phenotype of pediatric asthma associated with low lung function and poor asthma control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Coverstone
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Leonard B Bacharier
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Bradley S Wilson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Anne M Fitzpatrick
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - William Gerald Teague
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Wanda Phipatanakul
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Benjamin M Gaston
- Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Wendy C Moore
- Department of Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Sima Ramratnam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Nizar N Jarjour
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ngoc P Ly
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - John V Fahy
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - David T Mauger
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Kenneth B Schechtman
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Huiqing Yin-DeClue
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jonathan S Boomer
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Mario Castro
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
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34
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Grunwell JR, Nguyen KM, Bruce AC, Fitzpatrick AM. Bronchodilator Dose Responsiveness in Children and Adolescents: Clinical Features and Association with Future Asthma Exacerbations. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2019; 8:953-964. [PMID: 31614217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchodilator reversibility measures are often associated with poor asthma outcomes in children. Whether bronchodilator dose responsiveness is similarly useful in children is unclear. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that children and adolescents requiring higher doses of bronchodilator to achieve maximal bronchodilation would have unique risk factors and increased risk of future exacerbation. METHODS Children (6-11 years, N = 299) and adolescents (12-21 years, N = 331) with confirmed asthma underwent clinical phenotyping procedures and a test of maximal bronchodilation with escalating doses of albuterol sulfate up to 720 mcg. Outcome measures were assessed at 12 months and included exacerbations treated with systemic corticosteroids, emergency department (ED) visits, and hospitalizations for asthma. RESULTS A total of 6.7% of children and 9.3% of adolescents had poor bronchodilator dose responsiveness, defined as attainment of maximal forced expiratory volume in 1 second with 720 mcg albuterol. Risk factors included type 2 inflammation, prior exacerbations, and greater asthma severity; historical pneumonia and tobacco exposure were also risk factors in children. Children and adolescents with poor bronchodilator dose responsiveness did not have increased current symptoms or impaired quality of life, but had approximately 2-fold increased odds of exacerbation or ED visit and approximately 3-fold increased odds of hospitalization by 12 months, independent of airflow obstruction. CONCLUSIONS Bronchodilator dose responsiveness may be useful for phenotyping and may be of utility in practice and future studies focused on asthma outcomes or quantification of treatment responses. In children and adolescents, this phenotype of poor bronchodilator responsiveness may be associated with periods of relatively stable disease yet marked airway constriction in response to triggers, including tobacco smoke, respiratory infections/pneumonia, and aeroallergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn R Grunwell
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Ga
| | | | - Alice C Bruce
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Anne M Fitzpatrick
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Ga.
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35
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Garcia-Marcos L, Edwards J, Kennington E, Aurora P, Baraldi E, Carraro S, Gappa M, Louis R, Moreno-Galdo A, Peroni DG, Pijnenburg M, Priftis KN, Sanchez-Solis M, Schuster A, Walker S. Priorities for future research into asthma diagnostic tools: A PAN-EU consensus exercise from the European asthma research innovation partnership (EARIP). Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 48:104-120. [PMID: 29290104 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of asthma is currently based on clinical history, physical examination and lung function, and to date, there are no accurate objective tests either to confirm the diagnosis or to discriminate between different types of asthma. This consensus exercise reviews the state of the art in asthma diagnosis to identify opportunities for future investment based on the likelihood of their successful development, potential for widespread adoption and their perceived impact on asthma patients. Using a two-stage e-Delphi process and a summarizing workshop, a group of European asthma experts including health professionals, researchers, people with asthma and industry representatives ranked the potential impact of research investment in each technique or tool for asthma diagnosis and monitoring. After a systematic review of the literature, 21 statements were extracted and were subject of the two-stage Delphi process. Eleven statements were scored 3 or more and were further discussed and ranked in a face-to-face workshop. The three most important diagnostic/predictive tools ranked were as follows: "New biological markers of asthma (eg genomics, proteomics and metabolomics) as a tool for diagnosis and/or monitoring," "Prediction of future asthma in preschool children with reasonable accuracy" and "Tools to measure volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath."
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Affiliation(s)
- L Garcia-Marcos
- Respiratory and Allergy Units, Arrixaca University Children's Hospital, University of Murcia & IMIB Research Institute, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - P Aurora
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.,Department of Respiratory, Critical Care and Anaesthesia Unit, University College London (UCL) Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - E Baraldi
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - S Carraro
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - M Gappa
- Children's Hospital & Research Institute, Marienhospital Wesel, Wesel, Germany
| | - R Louis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - A Moreno-Galdo
- Paediatric Pulmonology Unit, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D G Peroni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Paediatrics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Pijnenburg
- Paediatrics/Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K N Priftis
- Department of Paediatrics, Athens University Medical School, Attikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - M Sanchez-Solis
- Respiratory and Allergy Units, Arrixaca University Children's Hospital, University of Murcia & IMIB Research Institute, Murcia, Spain
| | - A Schuster
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Abstract
Severe asthma accounts for only a small proportion of the children with asthma but a disproportionately high amount of resource utilization and morbidity. It is a heterogeneous entity and requires a step-wise, evidence-based approach to evaluation and management by pediatric subspecialists. The first step is to confirm the diagnosis by eliciting confirmatory history and objective evidence of asthma and excluding possible masquerading diagnoses. The next step is to differentiate difficult-to-treat asthma, asthma that can be controlled with appropriate management, from asthma that requires the highest level of therapy to maintain control or remains uncontrolled despite management optimization. Evaluation of difficult-to-treat asthma includes an assessment of medication delivery, the home environment, and, if possible, the school and other frequented locations, the psychosocial situation, and comorbid conditions. Once identified, aggressive management of issues related to poor adherence and drug delivery, remediation of environmental triggers, and treatment of comorbid conditions is necessary to characterize the degree of control that can be achieved with standard therapies. For the small proportion of patients whose disease remains poorly controlled with these interventions, the clinician may assess steroid responsiveness and determine the inflammatory pattern and eligibility for biologic therapies. Management of severe asthma refractory to traditional therapies involves considering the various biologic and other newly approved treatments as well as emerging therapies based on the individual patient characteristics.
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37
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D'Vaz N, Okitika TA, Shackleton C, Devadason SG, Hall GL. Bronchodilator responsiveness in children with asthma is not influenced by spacer device selection. Pediatr Pulmonol 2019; 54:531-536. [PMID: 30719873 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spacer devices optimize delivery of aerosol therapies and maximize therapeutic efficacy. We assessed the impact of spacer device on the prevalence and magnitude of bronchodilator response (BDR) in children with asthma. METHODS Children with physician confirmed asthma and parentally reported symptoms in the last 12 months were recruited for this study. Each participant completed two separate visits (5-10 days apart) with spirometry performed at baseline and following cumulative doses of salbutamol (200, 400, 800, and 200 μg) delivered by either a small volume disposable spacer or a large volume multi-use spacer. Spacer type was alternated for each participant during each visit. The primary outcome was the effect of spacer type on bronchodilator responsiveness. The secondary outcome was to assess the relationships between spacer device, salbutamol dose and the proportion of children with a clinically relevant BDR. RESULTS Thirty-two children (mean age 11.8 years) completed both visits. Change in lung function following bronchodilators was increased using the large volume spacer, for relative but not absolute increase in FEV1 [mean difference (95% confidence intervals): 1.28% (0.02, 2.54; P = 0.047) and 0.013 L (-0.01, 0.04; P = 0.288)], respectively. There was no observed difference in FVC by spacer type. Overall, 59% (n = 19) of children exhibited a clinically relevant BDR at 400 µg of salbutamol for any spacer and was independent of spacer type. CONCLUSION Spacer device was not associated with clinically important differences in lung function following bronchodilator inhalation in children with asthma. At a recommended dose of 400 μg, some children with asthma may have their bronchodilator responsiveness misclassified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina D'Vaz
- Respiratory Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia
| | | | - Claire Shackleton
- Respiratory Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia.,Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland
| | - Sunalene G Devadason
- Division of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Graham L Hall
- Respiratory Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia.,School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia
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Tse SM, Krajinovic M, Chauhan BF, Zemek R, Gravel J, Chalut D, Poonai N, Quach C, Laberge S, Ducharme FM. Genetic determinants of acute asthma therapy response in children with moderate-to-severe asthma exacerbations. Pediatr Pulmonol 2019; 54:378-385. [PMID: 30644648 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We documented inter-individual variability in the response to acute asthma therapy in children, attributed in part to five clinical factors (oxygen saturation, asthma severity score, virus detection, fever, symptoms between exacerbations; DOORWAY study). The contribution of genetic determinants of failure of acute asthma management have not been elucidated. OBJECTIVE We aim to determine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with emergency department (ED) management failure in children. METHODS A prospective cohort of 591 Caucasian children aged 1-17 years with moderate-to-severe asthma managed with standardized protocol were included. We examined 53 SNPs previously associated with asthma development, phenotypes, or bronchodilator or corticosteroids response. Associations between SNPs and management failure (hospitalization, active asthma management ≥8 h in ED, or a return visit within 72 h for one of two previous criteria) were examined using logistic regression, adjusting for the five clinical predictors of management failure. RESULTS Four-hundred ninety-one subjects had complete clinical data and usable DNA samples. While controlling for clinical determinants, rs295137 in SPATS2L (OR = 1.77, 95%CI: 1.17, 2.68) was significantly associated with increased odds of ED management failure. Two SNPs in IL33 were associated with decreased odds of ED management failure: rs7037276 (OR = 0.55, 95%CI: 0.33, 0.90), and rs1342326 (OR = 0.52, 95%CI: 0.32, 0.86). The addition of these three SNPs to the clinical predictors significantly improved the model's predictive performance (P < 0.0004). CONCLUSION Three SNPs were significantly associated with ED management failure in addition to clinical predictors, contributing to inter-individual variability. None has been previously associated with treatment response to acute asthma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Man Tse
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maja Krajinovic
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bhupendrasinh F Chauhan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Roger Zemek
- Department of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Gravel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dominic Chalut
- Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Naveen Poonai
- Children's Hospital, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Caroline Quach
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sophie Laberge
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Francine M Ducharme
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Haktanir Abul M, Phipatanakul W. Severe asthma in children: Evaluation and management. Allergol Int 2019; 68:150-157. [PMID: 30648539 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe asthma in children is associated with significant morbidity. Children with severe asthma are at increased risk for adverse outcomes including medication-related side effects, life-threatening exacerbations, and impaired quality of life. It is important to differentiate between severe therapy resistant asthma and difficult-to-treat asthma due to comorbidities. The most common problems that need to be excluded before a diagnosis of severe asthma can be made are poor medication adherence, poor medication technique or incorrect diagnosis of asthma. Difficult to treat asthma is a much more common reason for persistent symptoms and exacerbations and can be managed if comorbidities are clearly addressed. Children with persistent symptoms and exacerbations despite correct inhaler technique and good medical adherence to standard Step 4 asthma therapies according to the guidelines1,2, should be referred to an asthma specialist with expertise in severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Haktanir Abul
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wanda Phipatanakul
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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40
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Cavaleiro Rufo J, Paciência I, Mendes FC, Farraia M, Rodolfo A, Silva D, de Oliveira Fernandes E, Delgado L, Moreira A. Exhaled breath condensate volatilome allows sensitive diagnosis of persistent asthma. Allergy 2019; 74:527-534. [PMID: 30156012 DOI: 10.1111/all.13596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis and phenotyping of paediatric asthma are particularly complex due to the lack of currently available sensitive diagnostic tools. This often results in uncertainties associated with inhaled steroid therapy prescription. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether volatile organic compounds measured in exhaled breath condensate can be used as biomarkers for asthma diagnosis in the paediatric population. METHODS A total of 64 participants, aged 6-18 years, were recruited on a random basis during visits to an outpatient allergy clinic and to a juvenile football team training session. Lung function, airway reversibility and skin prick tests were performed. Exhaled breath condensate samples were collected, and breathprints were assessed using an electronic nose. Information on medical diagnosis of asthma, rhinitis and atopic dermatitis was retrieved for each participant. A hierarchical cluster model based on the volatilome profiles was then created. RESULTS A two-cluster exhaled volatile organic compound-based hierarchical model was able to significantly discriminate individuals with asthma from those without the disease (AUC = 0.81 [0.69-0.93], P < 0.001). Individuals who had persistent asthma and were prescribed corticosteroid therapy by the physician were also significantly distinguished in the model (AUC = 0.81 [0.70-0.92], P < 0.001). Despite being less specific, the method showed higher overall accuracy, sensitivity and AUC values when compared to spirometry with bronchodilation. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of the exhaled breath condensate volatilome allowed the distinction of paediatric individuals with a medical diagnosis of asthma, identifying those in need of corticosteroid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Cavaleiro Rufo
- Imunologia Básica e Clínica; Departamento de Patologia; Faculdade de Medicina; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- Grupo de Energia e Ambiente Construído; Instituto de Ciência e Inovação em Engenharia Mecânica e Industrial; Porto Portugal
| | - Inês Paciência
- Imunologia Básica e Clínica; Departamento de Patologia; Faculdade de Medicina; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- Grupo de Energia e Ambiente Construído; Instituto de Ciência e Inovação em Engenharia Mecânica e Industrial; Porto Portugal
| | - Francisca Castro Mendes
- Imunologia Básica e Clínica; Departamento de Patologia; Faculdade de Medicina; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Mariana Farraia
- Imunologia Básica e Clínica; Departamento de Patologia; Faculdade de Medicina; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Ana Rodolfo
- Imunologia Básica e Clínica; Departamento de Patologia; Faculdade de Medicina; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- Departamento de Imunoalergologia; Centro Hospitalar S. João EPE; Porto Portugal
| | - Diana Silva
- Imunologia Básica e Clínica; Departamento de Patologia; Faculdade de Medicina; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- Departamento de Imunoalergologia; Centro Hospitalar S. João EPE; Porto Portugal
| | - Eduardo de Oliveira Fernandes
- Grupo de Energia e Ambiente Construído; Instituto de Ciência e Inovação em Engenharia Mecânica e Industrial; Porto Portugal
| | - Luís Delgado
- Imunologia Básica e Clínica; Departamento de Patologia; Faculdade de Medicina; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- Departamento de Imunoalergologia; Centro Hospitalar S. João EPE; Porto Portugal
| | - André Moreira
- Imunologia Básica e Clínica; Departamento de Patologia; Faculdade de Medicina; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- Departamento de Imunoalergologia; Centro Hospitalar S. João EPE; Porto Portugal
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Hernandez-Pacheco N, Farzan N, Francis B, Karimi L, Repnik K, Vijverberg SJ, Soares P, Schieck M, Gorenjak M, Forno E, Eng C, Oh SS, Pérez-Méndez L, Berce V, Tavendale R, Samedy LA, Hunstman S, Hu D, Meade K, Farber HJ, Avila PC, Serebrisky D, Thyne SM, Brigino-Buenaventura E, Rodriguez-Cintron W, Sen S, Kumar R, Lenoir M, Rodriguez-Santana JR, Celedón JC, Mukhopadhyay S, Potočnik U, Pirmohamed M, Verhamme KM, Kabesch M, Palmer CNA, Hawcutt DB, Flores C, Maitland-van der Zee AH, Burchard EG, Pino-Yanes M. Genome-wide association study of inhaled corticosteroid response in admixed children with asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 49:789-798. [PMID: 30697902 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the most widely prescribed and effective medication to control asthma symptoms and exacerbations. However, many children still have asthma exacerbations despite treatment, particularly in admixed populations, such as Puerto Ricans and African Americans. A few genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been performed in European and Asian populations, and they have demonstrated the importance of the genetic component in ICS response. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify genetic variants associated with asthma exacerbations in admixed children treated with ICS and to validate previous GWAS findings. METHODS A meta-analysis of two GWAS of asthma exacerbations was performed in 1347 admixed children treated with ICS (Hispanics/Latinos and African Americans), analysing 8.7 million genetic variants. Those with P ≤ 5 × 10-6 were followed up for replication in 1697 asthmatic patients from six European studies. Associations of ICS response described in published GWAS were followed up for replication in the admixed populations. RESULTS A total of 15 independent variants were suggestively associated with asthma exacerbations in admixed populations (P ≤ 5 × 10-6 ). One of them, located in the intergenic region of APOBEC3B and APOBEC3C, showed evidence of replication in Europeans (rs5995653, P = 7.52 × 10-3 ) and was also associated with change in lung function after treatment with ICS (P = 4.91 × 10-3 ). Additionally, the reported association of the L3MBTL4-ARHGAP28 genomic region was confirmed in admixed populations, although a different variant was identified. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study revealed the novel association of APOBEC3B and APOBEC3C with asthma exacerbations in children treated with ICS and replicated previously identified genomic regions. This contributes to the current knowledge about the multiple genetic markers determining responsiveness to ICS which could lead in the future the clinical identification of those asthma patients who are not able to respond to such treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Hernandez-Pacheco
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain.,Genomics and Health Group, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Niloufar Farzan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ben Francis
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Leila Karimi
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Katja Repnik
- Center for Human Molecular Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.,Laboratory for Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genomics, Faculty for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Susanne J Vijverberg
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Patricia Soares
- Academic Department of Paediatrics, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Royal Alexandra Children's Hospital, Brighton, UK
| | - Maximilian Schieck
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy, University Children's Hospital Regensburg (KUNO), Regensburg, Germany.,Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mario Gorenjak
- Center for Human Molecular Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Erick Forno
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh, Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Celeste Eng
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Sam S Oh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Lina Pérez-Méndez
- Department of Clinic Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Gerencia de Atención Primaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vojko Berce
- Center for Human Molecular Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.,Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Roger Tavendale
- Population Pharmacogenetics Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Lesly-Anne Samedy
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Scott Hunstman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Donglei Hu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Kelley Meade
- Children's Hospital and Research Center Oakland, Oakland, California
| | - Harold J Farber
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pulmonology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Pedro C Avila
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Allergy & ENT Associates, The Woodland, Texas
| | | | - Shannon M Thyne
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Saunak Sen
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Feinberg School of Medicine's Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | - Juan C Celedón
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh, Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Somnath Mukhopadhyay
- Academic Department of Paediatrics, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Royal Alexandra Children's Hospital, Brighton, UK.,Population Pharmacogenetics Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Uroš Potočnik
- Center for Human Molecular Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.,Laboratory for Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genomics, Faculty for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Munir Pirmohamed
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Katia M Verhamme
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michael Kabesch
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy, University Children's Hospital Regensburg (KUNO), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Colin N A Palmer
- Population Pharmacogenetics Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Daniel B Hawcutt
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Carlos Flores
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Anke H Maitland-van der Zee
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Emma's Children Hospital, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Esteban G Burchard
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Maria Pino-Yanes
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain.,Genomics and Health Group, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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McLaughlin AV, Bhandari A, Schramm CM. Two vs four puffs of albuterol: does dose change bronchodilator response? J Asthma Allergy 2019; 12:59-65. [PMID: 30774391 PMCID: PMC6362946 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s151531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reversible obstruction on spirometry may be used to diagnose asthma. As per 2005 American Thoracic Society (ATS) guidelines, our pulmonary center began using 360 µg (four puffs) of albuterol rather than 180 µg (two puffs) to determine reversibility on spirometry starting in 2009. Hypothesis We hypothesized that fewer patients would respond to two puffs of albuterol than four puffs during spirometric testing. Methods We retrospectively reviewed records from new asthmatics seen in Pediatric Pulmonary Clinic from March 2002 to April 2014 who performed reproducible spirometry. Patients were divided into two groups based on whether they had received two or four puffs of albuterol for bronchodilator assessment. A positive bronchodilator response was defined as an increase of ≥12% in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) or ≥25% in forced expiratory flow (FEF25–75%). Data were expressed as percentages and mean ± standard error of the mean values. Chi-squared test and Student’s t-test were utilized. Results Data were collected for 240 patients; 115 patients received two puffs of albuterol and 125 patients received four puffs. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups. There were no differences following two puffs or four puffs in changes in FEV1 (10.0±1.1% vs 10.5±1.1% predicted) or FEF25–75% (30.2±2.9% vs 33.5±2.9% predicted). Moreover, there was no difference in ATS-defined bronchodilator response between the two groups. Conclusion Based on the mean change in FEV1 and overall bronchodilator responsiveness, two puffs of albuterol were not inferior to four puffs in the determination of bronchodilator responsiveness in our pediatric asthmatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne V McLaughlin
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA, .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA,
| | - Anita Bhandari
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Craig M Schramm
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA, .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA,
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Saglani S, Menzie-Gow AN. Approaches to Asthma Diagnosis in Children and Adults. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:148. [PMID: 31058123 PMCID: PMC6478800 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the hallmark features of asthma include reversible airflow obstruction, airway eosinophilia, and symptoms of recurrent wheeze associated with breathlessness and cough, it is a heterogeneous disease. The extent of the pathophysiological abnormalities are variable between patients. Despite this, until recently, asthma diagnosis had been made very simplistically predominantly from a clinical history and examination, and often a trial of medication such as short acting bronchodilators. The limitations of this approach have become increasingly apparent with evidence of inappropriate over diagnosis, under diagnosis and misdiagnosis. Although there is no gold standard single test to make a diagnosis of asthma, there are several objective tests that can be used to support the diagnosis including physiological measures such as obstructive spirometry associated with bronchodilator reversibility and airway hyperresponsiveness. In addition, non-invasive tests of airway inflammation such as exhaled nitric oxide or peripheral blood eosinophils are important to identify those with an allergic or eosinophilic phenotype. Diagnostic guidelines reflect the importance of using objective tests to support a diagnosis of asthma, however practical application in the clinic may not be straightforward. The focus of this review is to discuss the need to undertake objective tests in all patients to support asthma diagnosis and not just rely on clinical features. The advantages, challenges and limitations of performing tests of lung function and airway inflammation in the clinic, the difficulties related to training and interpretation of results will be explored, and the utility and relevance of diagnostic tests will be compared in adults and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejal Saglani
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Respiratory Paediatrics, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew N Menzie-Gow
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Gallucci M, Carbonara P, Pacilli AMG, di Palmo E, Ricci G, Nava S. Use of Symptoms Scores, Spirometry, and Other Pulmonary Function Testing for Asthma Monitoring. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:54. [PMID: 30891435 PMCID: PMC6413670 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a global problem affecting millions of people all over the world. Monitoring of asthma both in children and in adulthood is an indispensable tool for the optimal disease management and for the maintenance of clinical stability. To date, several resources are available to assess the asthma control, first is the monitoring of symptoms, both through periodic follow-up visits and through specific quality of life measures addressed to the patient in first person or to parents. Clinical monitoring is not always sufficient to predict the risk of future exacerbations, which is why further instrumental examinations are available including lung function tests, the assessment of bronchial hyper-reactivity and bronchial inflammation. All these tools may help in quantifying the future risk for each patient and therefore they potentially may change the natural history of asthmatic disease. The monitoring of asthma in children as in adults is certainly linked by many aspects, however the asthmatic child is a future asthmatic adult and it is precisely during childhood and adolescence that we should implement all the efforts and strategies to prevent the progression of the disease and the subsequent impairment of lung function. For these reasons, asthma monitoring plays a crucial role and must be particularly close and careful. In this paper, we evaluate several tools currently available for asthma monitoring, focusing on current recommendations emerging from various guidelines and especially on the differences between the monitoring in pediatric age and adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Gallucci
- Department of Pediatrics, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Carbonara
- Department of Specialistic, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angela Maria Grazia Pacilli
- Department of Specialistic, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuela di Palmo
- Department of Pediatrics, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Ricci
- Department of Pediatrics, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Nava
- Department of Specialistic, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy
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45
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Kang XH, Wang W, Cao L. A clinical study to determine the threshold of bronchodilator response for diagnosing asthma in Chinese children. World J Pediatr 2019; 15:559-564. [PMID: 31420819 PMCID: PMC6872507 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-019-00293-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is few objective, clinically feasible and inexpensive test for diagnosing childhood asthma. We want to find an ideal way to solve it. METHODS The control group was 301 non-asthmatic children, and the asthma group was 286 asthmatic children. The asthmatic children were divided into three groups according to the severity of their disease. Pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometer tests were performed, and the main spirometer parameters were compared. The bronchodilator response (BDR) [BDR is used to determine the reversibility of airway obstruction by measuring the changes of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) before and after inhalation of bronchodilators] was then determined, and the optimal threshold of BDR for diagnosing childhood asthma was found. RESULTS 301 non-asthmatic children and 286 asthmatic children participated in the study, the demographics were similar. FEV1 for pre-bronchodilator of asthmatic children was significantly lower than that of non-asthmatic children (P ≤ 0.01). BDR of non-asthmatic children was 3.30 ± 3.85%. BDR of asthmatic children was 9.45 ± 9.15%. There was no significant difference in BDR for patients with different severities of asthma within the group. BDR had no statistical correlation with gender, age, height, weight in neither non-asthmatic children nor asthmatic children. On the receiver-operating characteristic curve, a BDR threshold of ≥ 7.5% offered an optimal balance in asthma diagnosis with a sensitivity rate of 50.7% and specificity rate of 87.7%. Meanwhile, with a BDR threshold of ≥ 12%, the sensitivity rate was 28.7% and the specificity rate was 96.3%. CONCLUSION A BDR threshold of ≥ 7.5% has more value in childhood asthma diagnosis as compared to ≥ 12%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Kang
- Children’s Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Institute of Pediatrics, No.2 Ya bao Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Wan Wang
- Shanxi Provincial Children’s Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ling Cao
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Institute of Pediatrics, No.2 Ya bao Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.
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Sherenian MG, Singh AM, Arguelles L, Balmert L, Caruso D, Wang X, Pongracic J, Kumar R. Association of food allergy and decreased lung function in children and young adults with asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018; 121:588-593.e1. [PMID: 30081088 PMCID: PMC6215513 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food allergy (FA) appears early in the atopic march, a progression that may lead to the development of asthma. The association between FA and pulmonary function in children with and without asthma remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between FA and lung function in children with and without asthma. METHODS We enrolled 1,068 children as a part of a family-based FA cohort. We then categorized children as having FA by physician diagnosis, evidence of specific IgE, and typical symptoms within 2 hours of food ingestion. We categorized asthma by physician diagnosis. We used American Thoracic Society criteria for spirometry measurements. We assessed the effects of asthma classification and FA number on lung function using mixed-effect models. RESULTS We enrolled 1,068 children: 417 (39%) had asthma, 402 (38%) had at least 1 FA, and 162 (15%) had 2 or more FAs. Unstratified analyses found no significant association between FA number and lung function. In children with asthma, we detected statistically significant differences in predicted forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75% between children with 2 or more FAs compared with those with none (mean [SE] β = -7.5 [3.6]; P = .04). This effect lost significance after adjusting for aeroallergen sensitization. We detected no significant associations between FA number and predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second, forced vital capacity, and ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity. CONCLUSION Having 2 or more FAs is a potential risk factor for greater small airway airflow obstruction among children with asthma, highlighting the need for close clinical follow-up and improved intervention strategies for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Sherenian
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Division of Allergy/Immunology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Anne M Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Division of Allergy/Immunology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lester Arguelles
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lauren Balmert
- Department of Preventative Medicine/Biostatistics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Deanna Caruso
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jacqueline Pongracic
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Division of Allergy/Immunology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Division of Allergy/Immunology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Sorkness RL, Zoratti EM, Kattan M, Gergen PJ, Evans MD, Visness CM, Gill M, Khurana Hershey GK, Kercsmar CM, Liu AH, O'Connor GT, Pongracic JA, Pillai D, Sorkness CA, Togias A, Wood RA, Busse WW. Obstruction phenotype as a predictor of asthma severity and instability in children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:1090-1099.e4. [PMID: 29146272 PMCID: PMC5951738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small-airways instability resulting in premature airway closure has been recognized as a risk for asthma severity and poor control. Although spirometry has limited sensitivity for detecting small-airways dysfunction, a focus on the air-trapping component of obstruction might identify a risk factor for asthma instability. OBJECTIVE We sought to use spirometric measurements to identify patterns of airway obstruction in children and define obstruction phenotypes that relate to asthma instability. METHODS Prebronchodilation and postbronchodilation spirometric data were obtained from 560 children in the Asthma Phenotypes in the Inner City study. An air-trapping obstruction phenotype (A Trpg) was defined as a forced vital capacity (FVC) z score of less than -1.64 or an increase in FVC of 10% of predicted value or greater with bronchodilation. The airflow limitation phenotype (A Limit) had an FEV1/FVC z score of less than -1.64 but not A Trpg. The no airflow limitation or air-trapping criteria (None) phenotype had neither A Trpg nor A Limit. The 3 obstruction phenotypes were assessed as predictors of number of exacerbations, asthma severity, and airway lability. RESULTS Patients with the A Trpg phenotype (14% of the cohort) had more exacerbations during the 12-month study compared with those with the A Limit (P < .03) and None (P < .001) phenotypes. Patients with the A Trpg phenotype also had the highest Composite Asthma Severity Index score, the highest asthma treatment step, the greatest variability in FEV1 over time, and the greatest sensitivity to methacholine challenge. CONCLUSIONS A Trpg and A Limit patterns of obstruction, as defined by using routine spirometric measurements, can identify obstruction phenotypes that are indicators of risk for asthma severity and instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald L Sorkness
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, Madison, Wis; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis; Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis.
| | - Edward M Zoratti
- Henry Ford Health Systems and Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Mich
| | - Meyer Kattan
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Peter J Gergen
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Md
| | - Michael D Evans
- Department of Biostatistics & Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | | | - Michelle Gill
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex
| | | | | | - Andrew H Liu
- Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo
| | | | | | - Dinesh Pillai
- Children's National Health System and the George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Christine A Sorkness
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, Madison, Wis; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Alkis Togias
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Md
| | | | - William W Busse
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
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Blake KV, Raissy HH. Asthma Guidelines Priority Topic: Long-Acting Anti-Muscarinic Agents in Asthma Management as Add-On to Inhaled Corticosteroids. PEDIATRIC ALLERGY IMMUNOLOGY AND PULMONOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1089/ped.2018.0942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn V. Blake
- Biomedical Research Department, Center for Pharmacogenomics and Translational Research, Nemours Children's Specialty Care, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Hengameh H. Raissy
- Department of Pediatrics, Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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Lin SC, Cheng FY, Liu JJ, Ye YL. Expression and Regulation of Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin and Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin Receptor Heterocomplex in the Innate-Adaptive Immunity of Pediatric Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041231. [PMID: 29670037 PMCID: PMC5979588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the airway, and it is characterized by a wheezing breathing sound, variable airflow obstruction and the presence of inflammatory cells in the submucosa of the bronchi. Viral infection, pollutants and sensitivity to aeroallergens damage the epithelium from childhood, which causes asthma. The pathogenesis of asthma includes pathways of innate stimulation by environmental microbes and irritant pathogens. Damaged epithelial cells produce thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and stimulate myeloid dendritic cell maturation through the thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor (TSLPR) heterocomplex. TSLP-activated myeloid dendritic cells promote naive CD4+ T cells to differentiate into T helper type 2 (Th2) phenotype CD4+ T cells. Re-exposure to allergens or environmental stimuli causes an adaptive immune response. TSLP-activated dendritic cells expressing the OX40 ligand (OX40L; CD252) trigger naive CD4+ T cells to differentiate into inflammatory Th2 effector cells secreting the cytokines interleukin-4, 5, 9, and 13 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13), and the dendritic cells (DCs) promote the proliferation of allergen-specific Th2 memory cells. Allergen presentation by Th2 cells through its interaction with their receptors in the presence of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II on B cells and through costimulation involving CD40 and CD40L interactions results in immunoglobulin class switching from IgM to IgE. DCs and other blood cell subsets express the TSLPR heterocomplex. The regulatory mechanism of the TSLPR heterocomplex on these different cell subsets remains unclear. The TSLPR heterocomplex is composed of the IL-7Rα chain and TSLPR chain. Moreover, two isoforms of TSLP, short isoform TSLP (sfTSLP) and long isoform TSLP (lfTSLP), have roles in atopic and allergic development. Identifying and clarifying the regulation of TSLPR and IL-7Rα in pediatric asthma are still difficult, because the type of blood cell and the expression for each blood cell in different stages of atopic diseases are poorly understood. We believe that further integrated assessments of the regulation mechanism of the TSLP–TSLPR heterocomplex axis in vitro and in vivo can provide a faster and earlier diagnosis of pediatric asthma and promote the development of more effective preventive strategies at the onset of allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Chieh Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 23561, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Fang-Yi Cheng
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan.
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Jun-Jen Liu
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ling Ye
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, Yunlin County 63201, Taiwan.
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Calogero C, Fenu G, Lombardi E. Measuring Airway Obstruction in Severe Asthma in Children. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:189. [PMID: 30013960 PMCID: PMC6036293 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung function is an important tool in the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with asthma at all ages. Airway obstruction is a typical feature of asthma and it can be assessed with several lung function techniques. Spirometry, respiratory resistance and reactance, and lung volumes are available to measure it at different ages and in children. The assessment of a bronchodilator response is always recommended to show the reversibility of the obstruction. Poor lung function is a predictor of poor asthma outcome and a low Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second of expiration percent predicted measured with spirometry, has been shown to be associated with a higher risk of having an exacerbation during the following year independently of the presence of asthma symptoms. In severe asthma lung function assessment is used to distinguish different phenotypes, children with severe asthma have worse airflow limitation prior to administration of a bronchodilator than children with non severe asthma. Airway resistance and reactance are indirect measurements of airway obstruction and they can be measured with the forced oscillation technique, which is feasible also in non-collaborative children. This technique can be more informative in discriminating patients with asthma from healthy controls and is able to indicate a more peripheral involvement of the airways. The role of this technique in severe asthma is still debated. In conclusion lung function is useful in the clinical management of children with severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Calogero
- Pediatric Pulmonary Unit, "Anna Meyer" Pediatric University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Grazia Fenu
- Pediatric Pulmonary Unit, "Anna Meyer" Pediatric University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Enrico Lombardi
- Pediatric Pulmonary Unit, "Anna Meyer" Pediatric University Hospital, Florence, Italy
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